DOCSLIB.ORG

Stainless Steel Grade Datasheets Has Been Produced by Atlas Steels Technical Department As a Companion to the Atlas Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stainless Steel Grade Datasheets Has Been Produced by Atlas Steels Technical Department As a Companion to the Atlas Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels Stainless Steel Grade Datasheets Copyright © Atlas Steels Revised : August 2013 Atlas Steels Technical Department www.atlassteels.com.au ATLAS STEELS Stainless Steels Grade Datasheets FOREWORD This compilation of stainless steel Grade Datasheets has been produced by Atlas Steels Technical Department as a companion to the Atlas Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels. Any suggestions for improvements, additions or corrections would be very welcome; these should be directed to: Technical Manager, Atlas Steels Telephone +61 3 8383 9863, email [email protected] Individual grade datasheets are available from the Atlas Steels website. Information from any Atlas publication can be freely copied, but it is requested that the source be acknowledged. Limitation of Liability The information contained in these datasheets is not an exhaustive statement of all relevant information. It is a general guide for customers to the products and services available from Atlas Steels and no representation is made or warranty given in relation to this information or the products or processes it describes. Published by Atlas Steels Technical Department Copyright © Atlas Steels www.atlassteels.com.au Stainless Steel Datasheets Austenitic Stainless Steels 301, 301L, 301LN High strength for roll formed structural components 302HQ Low work hardening rate grade for cold heading fasteners 303, 303Se Free-machining bar grades 304, 304L, 304H Standard 18/8 grades 310, 310S, 310H High temperature resistant grades 316, 316L, 316H Improved resistance to pitting corrosion in chloride environments 321, 321H, 347 Stabilised grades for heavy section welding and high temperature applications 253MA (S30815) High temperature resistant grade 904L High resistance to general corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion cracking Ferritic Stainless Steels AtlasCR12 Utility steel resistant to wet abrasion and mild corrosion AtlasCR12Ti Utility steel resistant to wet abrasion and mild corrosion – weld stabilised 409 Automotive exhaust grade – weld stabilised 430, 430F Resistant to mildly corrosive environments F18S / 439 Resistant to mildly corrosive environments – weld stabilised F20S A ferritic alternative to grade 304 / 304L – weld stabilised F18MS / 444 A ferritic alternative to grade 316 / 316L – weld stabilised Duplex Stainless Steels 2101 Lean duplex – economical alternative to 304 and 316 2304 Duplex alternative to grade 316 2205 Standard duplex stainless steel - high resistance to pitting and stress corrosion 2507 Super duplex with very high resistance to pitting and stress corrosion 2507Cu Super duplex with very high resistance to pitting and stress corrosion Martensitic Stainless Steels 410 Standard martensitic grade for low-duty hardened applications 416 Free-machining bar grade 420 Higher hardness martensitic grade for cutlery, cutting tools and dies 431 High hardness and toughness grade, primarily for shafting 440A, 440B, 440C Very high hardness grades used in cutting tools Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel 630 (17-4PH) High strength shafting grade Note that some of these stainless steel grades are commonly referred to by designations that are registered trademarks. Limitation of Liability The information contained in this datasheet is not an exhaustive statement of all relevant information. It is a general guide for customers to the products and services available from Atlas Steels and no representation is made or warranty given in relation to this document or the products or processes it describes. Revised November 2011 Page 1 of 1 www.atlassteels.com.au Grade Data Sheet 301 301L 301LN Grade 301 is a high work-hardening rate required. The grades work harden at the very austenitic stainless steel. It can be supplied high rate of approximately 14MPa/%Ra (14MPa with a tensile strength of up to over 1300 MPa increase in tensile strength for each 1% in strip and wire forms, to produce tempers in reduction of area of cold work), resulting in the range of 1/16 Hard to Full Hard. The high achievable strengths from cold rolling and controlled analysis of Grade 301 enables it to from roll forming. The strain-hardened retain sufficient ductility in conditions up to 1/2 austenite is at least partially transformed to Hard conditions to be roll or brake formed into martensite by this work. Despite the high aircraft, architectural and particularly rail car strengths achieved there is still enough structural components. However, 3/4 to Full residual ductility to enable significant cold Hard tempers should be used whenever high deformation. Although non-magnetic in the wear resistance and spring features are annealed condition, when cold worked the required in components of simple form designs. grades become strongly attracted to a magnet. Grade 301L with low carbon is preferred for Welding improved ductility or if heavy sections are to be Good characteristics suited to all standard welded, and another variant 301LN has a methods. Grade 308L filler rod is higher nitrogen content to compensate for the recommended. Welds in Grade 301 must be lower carbon. annealed for maximum corrosion resistance; this is not necessary in 301L or 301LN. Welding ASTM A666 covers all three variants, and some and post weld annealing will both remove high are also included in Japanese specification JIS strength induced by prior cold rolling. G4305 and Euronorm EN 10088-2. Spot welding is commonly used to assemble Corrosion Resistance cold rolled 301 components. The very small Corrosion resistance is similar to that of 304. heat affected zone associated with this rapid Good resistance in applications involving welding technique results in little reduction of external exposure to mildly corrosive overall component strength. conditions at ambient temperatures. Typical Applications Heat Resistance Rail car structural components - often roll Good oxidation resistance in intermittent formed, brake pressed or stretch formed to service to 840°C and in continuous service to profiles but also used flat. Airframe sections. 900°C, although not usually chosen for this Highway trailer components. Automotive wheel environment. Exposure to temperatures above covers, wiper blade holders and clips. Toaster about 400°C will result in progressive removal springs, stove element clips. Screen frames, of work hardening effects; at approximately curtain walls. 800°C the strength will be similar to an annealed 301. In creep applications a work hardened grade 301 can even reduce to lower strength than an annealed 301. Heat Treatment Solution Treatment (Annealing) Heat to 1010-1120°C and cool rapidly. Use low side of range for intermediate annealing. This grade cannot be hardened by thermal treatment. Cold Working Grade 301 and its low carbon variants are used where a high strength stainless steel is Revised May 2008 Page 1 of 2 www.atlassteels.com.au Grade Data Sheet 301 301L 301LN Specified Properties The properties for Grade 301 are specified for flat rolled product (plate, sheet and coil) in ASTM A666. Similar but not identical mechanical properties are specified in EN 10088.2 and JIS G4305 and in proprietary specifications. Composition Specification (%) Grade C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N 301 min. - - - - - 16.0 - 6.0 - max. 0.15 2.0 1.0 0.045 0.030 18.0 8.0 0.10 301L min. - - - - - 16.0 - 6.0 - max. 0.03 2.0 1.0 0.045 0.030 18.0 8.0 0.20 301LN min. - - - - - 16.5 - 6.0 0.07 max. 0.03 2.0 1.0 0.045 0.015 18.5 8.0 0.20 Mechanical Property Specification (Grade 301 – other values for 301L and 301LN) Grade 301 Tensile Yield Strength Elongation Bend Test Hardness Temper Strength 0.2% Proof (% in 50mm) (1.27 - 4.76mm thick) Rockwell ASTM A666 (MPa) (MPa) (thick.>0.76mm) Bend Angle Factor C min. min. min. (°) (Note 1) (Note 2) Annealed 515 205 40 180 1 1/16 Hard 620 310 40 180 1 1/8 Hard 690 380 40 180 1 1/4 Hard 860 515 25 90 2 25 – 32 1/2 Hard 1035 760 18 90 2 32 – 37 3/4 Hard 1205 930 12 90 3 37 – 41 FullHard 1275 965 9 90 5 41+ Notes 1. Bend test is around a diameter of the Bend Factor multiplied by the steel thickness. 2. Hardness values are typical industry standard – there are no specified limits. Physical Properties (Grades 301, 301L and 301LN - typical values in the annealed condition) Grade Density Elastic Mean Coefficient of Thermal Thermal Specific Electrical Modulus Expansion Conductivity Heat Resistivity (kg/m3) (GPa) 0-100°C 0-315°C 0-538°C at 100°C at 500°C 0-100°C (n.m) (m/m/°C) (m/m/°C) (m/m/°C) (W/m.K) (W/m.K) ( J/kg.K) All 7900 193 17.0 17.2 18.2 16.3 21.5 500 720 Grade Specification Comparison Grade UNS Euronorm Swedish Japanese No No Name SS JIS 301 S30100 1.4319 X5CrNi17-7 - SUS301 301L S30103 - - - SUS301L 301LN S30153 1.4318 X2CrNiN18-7 - - These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted. Different comparisons apply to grades 301L and 301LN. Possible Alternative Grades Grade Why it might be chosen instead of 301 / 301L / 301LN 304 Better availability, lower cost; the lower work hardening rate of 304 is acceptable. 316 Higher corrosion resistance needed; the lower work hardening rate of 316 is acceptable Limitation of Liability The information contained in this datasheet is not an exhaustive statement of all relevant information. It is a general guide for customers to the products and services available from Atlas Steels and no representation is made or warranty given in relation to this document or the products or processes it describes. Revised May 2008 Page 2 of 2 www.atlassteels.com.au Grade Data Sheet 302HQ Grade 302HQ is a specialised wire grade with very wide usage for manufacture of stainless Welding steel fasteners.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Crucible A2 Data Sheet
    CRUCIBLE DATA SHEET Airkool (AISI A2) is an air-hardening medium alloy tool steel ® Issue #1 which is heat treatable to HRC 60-62. It has wear resistance AIRKOOL intermediate between the oil hardening tool steels (O1) and (AISI A2) the high carbon chromium tool steels (D2). Because it offers a combination of good toughness along with moderate Carbon 1.00% wear resistance, it has been widely used for many years in Manganese 0.85% variety of cold work applications which require fairly high abrasion resistance but where the higher carbon/ high Chromium 5.25% chromium steels are prone to chipping and cracking. Molybdenum 1.10% Airkool is quite easily machined in the annealed condition Vanadium 0.25% and, like other air-hardening tool steels, exhibits minimal distortion on hardening, making it an excellent choice for dies of complicated design. Physical Properties Elastic Modulus 30 X 106 psi (207 GPa) Density 0.284 lbs./in3 (7.86 g/cm3) Thermal Conductivity Tool Steel Comparagraph BTU/hr-ft-°F W/m-°K cal/cm-s-°C at 200°F (95°C) 15 26 0.062 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ° ° Toughness in/in/ F mm/mm/ C ° ° -6 -6 Wear Resistance 70-500 F (20-260 C) 5.91 X10 (10.6 X10 ) 70-800°F (20-425°C) 7.19 X10-6 (12.9 X10-6) 70-1000°F (20-540°C) 7.76 X10-6 (14.0 X10-6) 70-1200°F (20-650°C) 7.91 X10-6 (14.2 X10-6) Relative Values Mechanical Properties Heat Treatment(1) Impact Wear Austenitizing Toughness(2) Resistance(3) Temperature HRC ft.-lb.
    [Show full text]
  • Download/Pdf/ 71319287.Pdf (Accessed on 13 July 2020)
    metals Article Optimization of PWHT of Simulated HAZ Subzones in P91 Steel with Respect to Hardness and Impact Toughness Gorazd Lojen * and Tomaž Vuherer Faculty of mechanical engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +386-2-220-7864 Received: 30 July 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 9 September 2020 Abstract: Appropriate post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is usually obligatory when creep resistant steels are welded for thermal power plant components that operate at elevated temperatures for 30-40 years. The influence of different PWHTs on the microstructure, hardness, and impact toughness of simulated heat affected zone (HAZ) subzones was studied. Thereby, coarse grained HAZ, two different fine grained HAZ areas, and intercritical HAZ were subjected to 20 different PWHTs at temperatures 740–800 ◦C and durations 0.5–8 h. It was found that the most commonly recommended PWHT, of 3 h or less at 760 ◦C, is insufficient with respect to the hardness and impact toughness of coarse grained HAZ. To obtain a Vickers hardness 265 HV and impact toughness at least equal to ≤ the impact toughness of the base metal (192 J) in the coarse grained HAZ, it took 8 h at 740 ◦C, 4 h at 760 ◦C, more than 1 h at 780 ◦C, and 0.5 h and 800 ◦C. Even after 8 h at 800 ◦C, mechanical properties were still within the target range. The most recommendable post weld heat treatments at 780 ◦C for 1.2–2 h or at 760 ◦C for 3–4 h were identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Alloying Elements on Heat Treatment Behavior of Hypoeutectic
    Materials Transactions, Vol. 47, No. 1 (2006) pp. 72 to 81 #2006 The Japan Institute of Metals Effect of Alloying Elements on Heat Treatment Behavior of Hypoeutectic High Chromium Cast Iron Sudsakorn Inthidech1;*, Prasonk Sricharoenchai1 and Yasuhiro Matsubara2 1Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand 2Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand The relationship between hardness and volume fraction of retained austenite (V ) was investigated in heat-treated 16 mass% and 26 mass%Cr hypoeutectic cast irons with and without addition of a third alloying element of Ni, Cu, Mo and V. In as-hardened state, hardness changed remarkably depending on the V . Overall, Ni and Cu decreased hardness but Mo increased it. Hardness increased in 16 mass%Cr cast iron but decreased in 26 mass%Cr cast iron by V addition. The V increased with Ni, Cu and Mo addition but diminished with V addition in 16 mass%Cr cast iron. In 26 mass%Cr cast iron, Ni and Mo increased the V but Cu and V reduced it. Higher austenitization caused more V . Curves of tempered hardness showed an evident secondary hardening due to precipitation of special carbides and transformation of destabilized austenite into martensite. High tempered hardness was obtained in the specimens with high V in as-hardened state. Maximum tempered hardness (HTmax) was obtained when V was less than 20% and it increased with an increase in Mo content. The HTmax slightly increased with V content in 16 mass%Cr cast iron and decreased in 26 mass%Cr cast iron.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Tempering Conditions on Secondary Hardening of Carbides
    materials Article Effect of Tempering Conditions on Secondary Hardening of Carbides and Retained Austenite in Spray-Formed M42 High-Speed Steel Bowen Liu 1,*, Tian Qin 2, Wei Xu 1, Chengchang Jia 1,*, Qiuchi Wu 2, Mingying Chen 2 and Zhe Liu 2 1 Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (T.Q.); [email protected] (Q.W.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (Z.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.L.); [email protected] (C.J.); Tel.: +86-15-210-565-349 (B.L.) Received: 30 October 2019; Accepted: 7 November 2019; Published: 11 November 2019 Abstract: In this study, the effect of tempering conditions on microstructure, grain size, and carbide phase compositions of spray-formed high-speed steel after quenching at 1180 ◦C was studied. The influence of carbide phase, size of carbides, and retained austenite content on secondary hardening of the steel was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); the hardness, microhardness of carbide, and bending strength were tested. The results show that M3C, M6C, M7C3, and MC carbides may precipitate at different tempering temperatures and the transformation of the retained austenite can be controlled by tempering. The phase composition of carbides, microstructure, and retained austenite content strongly influences the performance characteristics of M42 high-speed steel after tempering.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Rolled Steel Coils Arcelormittal Europe
    ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION as per ISO 14025 and EN 15804 Owner of the Declaration ArcelorMittal Europe - Flat Products Programme holder Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU) Publisher Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU) Declaration number EPD-ARC-20200027-CBD1-EN ECO EPD Ref. No. ECO-00001269 Issue date 10/07/2020 Valid to 09/07/2025 Cold Rolled Steel Coils ArcelorMittal Europe www.ibu-epd.com | https://epd-online.com Umwelt Produktdeklaration Name des Herstellers – Name des Produkts General Information ArcelorMittal Europe Cold Rolled Steel Coils Programme holder Owner of the declaration IBU – Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. ArcelorMittal Europe – Flat Products Panoramastr. 1 24-26 Boulevard d’Avranches 10178 Berlin L-1160 Luxembourg Germany Luxembourg Declaration number Declared product / declared unit EPD-ARC-20200027-CBD1-EN The declaration applies to 1 ton of cold rolled steel coil. This declaration is based on the product Scope: category rules: The Life Cycle Assessment is based on data collected Structural steels, 07.2014 from the ArcelorMittal plants producing Cold Rolled (PCR checked and approved by the SVR) Coils, representing 95 % of the annual production from 2015. Issue date 10/07/2020 The owner of the declaration shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence; the IBU shall not Valid to be liable with respect to manufacturer information, life cycle assessment data and evidences. 09/07/2025 Verification The standard EN 15804 serves as the core PCR Independent verification of the declaration and data according to ISO 14025:2010 Dipl. Ing. Hans Peters internally x externally (chairman of Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.) Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Heat Treatment (Ferritizing) on Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Physical Properties and Corrosion Behaviour of Spheroidal Ductile Cast Iron
    Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 19, No. 6 (2007), 4665-4673 Effect of Heat Treatment (Ferritizing) on Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Physical Properties and Corrosion Behaviour of Spheroidal Ductile Cast Iron A.R. ISMAEEL*, S.S. ABDEL REHIM† and A.E. ABDOU‡ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya E-mail: [email protected] Two steps ferritizing technique was applied on ductile cast iron samples by austenitizing at 900ºC, air cooling to produce pearlite, ferritizing by reheating samples for different times at 700ºC and air cooling to room temperature. Chemical analysis and microstructure showed that as ferritizing time increased, an increase of percentage of ferrite, decrease of pearlite, with corresponding decrease in cementite and increase of free carbon in the form of spheroidal graphite. These changes explain the changes of physical (mechanical) properties repre- sented in the increase of percentage elongation, decrease of tensile strength and decrease in brinle hardness. Weight loss corrosion test technique was followed for investigation of corrosion rate of heat treated samples in 0.1 N H2SO4 solution, which show decrease in corrosion rate with increased ferritizing time. This was explained due to decrease of cathodic sites represented in cementite forming pearlitic lamella. The exception was in the early step of ferritizing, where the corrosion rate increased due to formation of secondary graphite acting as effec- tive cathodic sites. Key Words: Ferritizing, Pearlite, Austenitizing, Microstructure, Cementite, Spheroidal graphite, Cathodic, Corrosion, Secondary graphite. INTRODUCTION Ductile (nodular or spherulitic graphite) cast iron in which a part or all of the carbon is present in the form of a tiny spherical balls, of average 33 to 37 µm1-4.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Modelling for Simulation of Heat Treatment
    2003:07 LICENTIATE THESIS Material Modelling for Simulation of Heat Treatment Henrik Alberg Licentiate Thesis Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering Division of Computer Aided Design 2003:07 - ISSN: 1402-1757 - ISRN: LTU-LIC--03/07--SE II Preface This research has been carried out at Computer Aided Design at Luleå University of Technology in close cooperation with Volvo Aero in Trollhättan, where my workplace is. I would like to thank my supervisor Professor Lars-Erik Lindgren for all discussions, the critical review of my work and for your great enthusiasm. Thank you Lars-Erik! I would also like to thank Dr. Henrik Runnemalm at Volvo Aero who has made it possible for me to work in Trollhättan and for the discussion and advises. Thank you Henrik! Daniel Berglund, my colleague and co-author for two papers. Thank you Daniel for the encouragement in the beginning of my research, the discussions, advises and nevertheless all the laughs! The financial support has been provided by the MMFSC1-project a European Union funded project within the 5th framework and Luleå University of Technology. All are gratefully acknowledge. My daily work has been carried out at the division of Advanced Manufacturing Technology at Volvo Aero. I would like to thank all persons at the division for a good working environment and for sharing the your knowledge in many different areas. A special thanks to the simulation group for the many good discussions and ideas. Finally but not the less I would like to thank my girlfriend Viktoria Rönnqvist for all encouragement, happiness and for just being you.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Arc Welded Medium Carbon Steel
    Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH) Vol. 35, No. 2, April 2016, pp. 337 – 343 Copyright© Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Print ISSN: 0331-8443, Electronic ISSN: 2467-8821 www.nijotech.com http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i2.14 EFFECT OF POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ARC WELDED MEDIUM CARBON STEEL M. R. Dodo1,*, T. Ause2, M. A. Adamu3 and Y. M. Ibrahim4 1,2 DEPT. OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AHMADU BELLO UNIV. ZARIA, KADUNA STATE. NIGERIA. 3,4 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, KADUNA STATE. NIGERIA. E-mail addresses: [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] ABSTRACT Effect of post- weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of arc welded medium carbon steel was investigated. Medium carbon steel samples were butt- welded by using the shielded metal arc welding technique and, thereafter, heat treated by annealing, normalising and quench hardening in water. The microstructure of the as- welded and post- weld heated samples was characterised by means of optical microscopy while the hardness, toughness and tensile properties of the samples were determined by using Indentec universal hardness testing machine, Izod impact testing machine and Denison tensile testing machine respectively. The results of the optical microscopic test show that fine grains of pearlite in ferrite were obtained in normalized samples and martensite was also observed in quenched samples. On the other hand, mechanical property tests indicated that normalized welded specimens gave good combination of mechanical properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Heat Treating of Aluminum Alloys
    ASM Handbook, Volume 4: Heat Treating Copyright © 1991 ASM International® ASM Handbook Committee, p 841-879 All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1361/asmhba0001205 www.asminternational.org Heat Treating of Aluminum Alloys HEAT TREATING in its broadest sense, • Aluminum-copper-magnesium systems The mechanism of strengthening from refers to any of the heating and cooling (magnesium intensifies precipitation) precipitation involves the formation of co- operations that are performed for the pur- • Aluminum-magnesium-silicon systems herent clusters of solute atoms (that is, the pose of changing the mechanical properties, with strengthening from Mg2Si solute atoms have collected into a cluster the metallurgical structure, or the residual • Aluminum-zinc-magnesium systems with but still have the same crystal structure as stress state of a metal product. When the strengthening from MgZn2 the solvent phase). This causes a great deal term is applied to aluminum alloys, howev- • Aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper sys- of strain because of mismatch in size be- er, its use frequently is restricted to the tems tween the solvent and solute atoms. Conse- specific operations' employed to increase quently, the presence of the precipitate par- strength and hardness of the precipitation- The general requirement for precipitation ticles, and even more importantly the strain hardenable wrought and cast alloys. These strengthening of supersaturated solid solu- fields in the matrix surrounding the coher- usually are referred to as the "heat-treat- tions involves the formation of finely dis- ent particles, provide higher strength by able" alloys to distinguish them from those persed precipitates during aging heat treat- obstructing and retarding the movement of alloys in which no significant strengthening ments (which may include either natural aging dislocations.
    [Show full text]
  • Efiect of the Addition of Nickel Powder and Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of the Welde
    Soldagem & Inspeção. 2016;21(2):197-208 Technical Papers http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/SI2102.09 Effect of the Addition of Nickel Powder and Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of the Welded UNS S32304 Duplex Stainless Steel Ali Tahaei1, Argelia Fabiola Miranda Perez2, Mattia Merlin1, Felipe Arturo Reyes Valdes2, Gian Luca Garagnani1 1 Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Ingegneria – ENDIF, Ferrara, Italia. 2 Corporación Mexicana de Investigación en Materiales S.A. de C.V. - COMIMSA, Saltillo, Mexico. In this research, the effect of the addition of nickel powder and the application of a Received: 25 Jan., 2016 Abstract: Accepted: 10 June, 2016 post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the welding properties of the UNS S32304 lean duplex stainless steel were investigated in order to improve the microstructure and mechanical E-mail: [email protected] (AT) properties. Nickel powder was directly poured inside the joint gap and mixed with the filler metal during the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process; moreover, the solution heat treatment was performed at 1100 °C for 10 min. The joints were characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and the evolution of the phase percentages in the different zones was studied by means of the image analysis technique. Tensile and hardness tests were carried out on the joints in order to evaluate the improvement of the mechanical properties. The results showed that both the addition of nickel powder during the welding process and the post weld heat treatment made it possible to improve the mechanical properties of the weld joints.
    [Show full text]
  • Post Weld Heat Treatment for High Strength Steel Welded Connections 2 3 M.S
    1 Post Weld Heat Treatment for High Strength Steel Welded Connections 2 3 M.S. Zhao*, S.P. Chiew^ and C.K. Lee# 4 5 *Research Fellow, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological 6 University, Singapore 7 8 ^Professor of Civil Engineering, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 9 10 #Professor of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Information Technology, 11 University of New South Wales Canberra, Australia 12 13 Emails: *[email protected], ^[email protected], #[email protected] 14 15 16 Abstract 17 In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of post-weld heat treatment 18 (PWHT) on the reheated, quenched and tempered (RQT) grade S690 high strength steel 19 welded connections. Firstly, the effect of PWHT on the mechanical properties after welding is 20 investigated. It is found that the loss of both strength and ductility after welding could be 21 serious but PWHT could be able to improve the ductility of the affected specimens at the 22 expense of strength. Secondly, four Y-shape plate-to-plate (Y-PtP) and nine T-stub RQT- 23 S690 joints are fabricated to study the effect of PWHT on the residual stress level near the 24 weld toe and the tensile behavior of the joints, respectively. The hole drilling tests employed 25 to study the residual stress reveal that PWHT is able to decrease the residual stress level near 26 the weld toe significantly. The tensile test results show that proper PWHT could improve both 27 the ductility and the maximum resistance while the reduction of plastic resistance can be kept 28 in a negligible level.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Bath Nitriding and QPQ AMS 2753
    Salt Bath Nitriding and QPQ AMS 2753 Nitriding is a heat treating process that allows nitrogen onto the surface of a metal to create a case hardened surface. Salt bath nitriding, alse referred to as liquid salt bath ferritic nitrocarburizing is a surface treatment for most ferrous metal components and is designed to improve certain engineering properties to enhance wear resistance, lubricity, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance. The nitriding process will also lower the coefficient of friction. Salt Bath Processes Salt bath nitriding is a thermochemical process in which nitrogen and carbon are diffused simultaneously into the surface of the material. The high concentration of nitrogen chemically combines with iron and other nitride forming elements to produce an outer layer of epsilon iron nitride ( ) which is thin, hard and ductile. This layer is also known as the compound zone which has increased surface hardness to enhance anti-galling characteristics and lowers the coefficient of friction. This compound zone also functions as a solid film lubricant by providing a non-metallic interface between mating surfaces. Nitrogen of lower concentration continues to diffuse below the compound zone and forms a solid solution with the base metal iron. This zone is referred to as the diffusion zone and is noted for its improvement in fatigue strength. Heating Comparison In comparison to conventional heat treating, salt bath nitriding has a low operating temperature typically of 1075°F (580°C). At this temperature, distortion is minimized and components can be completed through the final machining and heat treatment stages prior to the salt bath nitriding process.
    [Show full text]