TheThe newnew JaguarJaguar XJXJ Calibrating the cat The hydrogen debate Which way will the world automotive industry go? Global testing Anywhere in the world, the test cell is just a mouse-click away Interviews Rick Wagoner, CEO, General Motors; Burkhard Göschel, BMW development director Summer 2003 HERE’S A REAL ONE. THE H2. LIKE NOTHING ELSE.™ HUMMER.COM Vehicle shown $50, 545 . Tax, title, license and other optional equipment extra.1 . 800 . REAL . 4WD © General Motors Corporation, 2003 . HUMMER and the vehicle’s grille design are registered trademarks of GM Corporation. contents 6 Summer 2003 20 8 16 NEWS FEATURES QUESTIONS & ANSWERS Industry update 4 Calibrating the cat 8 Rick Wagoner 6 Jaguar is lead application for innovative Jaguar’s advanced new XJ series – and As chairman and CEO of General Motors, Ford-PSA V6 diesel; new-car bugs are a how Ricardo calibration expertise helped Wagoner sits behind the most important thing of the past; hybrid future looks rosy; bring one derivative to market smoothly and desk in the auto industry. Julian Rendell Mazda rotary wins engine award; Ricardo effectively. Anthony Smith meets the asks him about vehicle development, CEO salutes Jaguar and Aston Martin Jaguar and Ricardo teams cost-saving, Fiat, Subaru, Saab and his other responsibilities News from Ricardo 23 The hydrogen debate 12 Diesel survey reveals potential in US; new It’s billed as the most important fuel for our Burkhard Göschel 20 techniques reveal HCCI combustion secrets; future, yet important questions remain BMW’s head of development and i-MoGen wins BP fleet environmental prize; unanswered. Jesse Crosse looks at the purchasing is in confident mood at gasoline seminar shows future engine issues and the potential solutions the launch of the new 5-Series, says thinking Tony Lewin Global Testing Environment 16 Imagine an engineer in North America taking full control of a test cell in Europe or Japan: Ricardo has developed just such a system. Anthony Smith reports on the Ricardo GTE protocol that’s the next best thing to being in two places at once Head office: Ricardo plc, Bridge Works, Ricardo contacts and locations: www.ricardo.com/contacts Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex RQ subscriptions: www.ricardo.com/rq BN43 5FG, United Kingdom Sales enquiries: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)1273 455611 Conceived and produced for Ricardo by TwoTone Media Ltd TwoTone Media Ltd contacts: Editor: Tony Lewin Anthony Smith [email protected] Contributors: Lucie Brown, Jeremy Burne, Jesse Crosse, Tony Lewin [email protected] Julian Rendell, Anthony Smith Summer 2003 Ricardo Quarterly Review 3 G in brief Jaguar makes diesel China accelerates China will overtake France to become the world’s fourth- largest carmaker this year, engine debut according to analysts at the State Statistical Bureau quoted by Reuters. The fast- UK luxury car maker Jaguar, owned by the engine’s advanced construction, using a growing nation will make Ford, has finally joined the compacted graphite iron (CGI) block and around 4m cars this year, and mainstream premium car brands next-generation fuelling if it continues at the same in offering a diesel engine in its technology, allowed both light rate it will overtake Germany models. weight – 202 kg – and power in 2005 and hit 10m by 2010, The new engine, a 2.7 outputs of up to 207 hp. The say analysts. litre V6 developed as the combination of twin third phase of the diesel electronically-controlled Lifecycle survey highlights co-operation between the turbochargers, four valves tyre impacts Ford Motor Corporation and per cylinder, 1650 bar A study conducted by PSA Peugeot Citroën, will make injection pressure through Michelin has quantified the its debut in the Jaguar S-Type piezo-electric injectors relative environmental impact in spring 2004. Jaguar’s move delivering up to five of a tyre’s lifecycle stages as: means that Lexus will be the injection pulses per stroke raw material production,100; only premium brand in Europe gives the engine excellent manufacture, 20; on the without a diesel powerplant. transient response, and class- vehicle,1366; recycling, Currently, upwards of 60 per cent leading power and torque (up to minus 80. of premium sector cars sold in 440Nm), claimed Lake. Europe are diesel powered. Other notable features include full double Auto insurer tests pay-as- Speaking at the launch of the engine at Jaguar’s closed loop control of key fuelling systems, including you-drive Whitley engineering centre in Coventry, Ford EGR and torque balancing between banks. “Engine Norwich Union, which president and chief operating officer Nick Scheele control was one of the most important and insures one in five UK described the move as a very significant event in technically challenging chapters of the programme,” drivers, has joined with IBM Jaguar’s product development history. The engine said Lake. and cellphone operator has “outstanding power, torque, economy and Compliance with Euro 4 emissions requirements is Orange to trial a system emissions performance,” said Scheele, and “sets assured, added Lake, though the choice of exhaust which calculates insurance new benchmarks in V-configuration diesel engine aftertreatment systems had not yet been finalised. premiums according to when, design.” The new 2.7 litre V6 is designed for both where and how often the car PSA CEO Jean-Martin Folz praised the co- transverse and longitudinal installation and will be is used. Data on car operation between the two groups, adding that after built at a rate of 100,000 units a year at Ford’s movements is collected a preliminary period of joint consultation, Ford teams Dagenham diesel centre near London. After its first through the Orange network. had taken the lead in the three and a half year, appearance in the Jaguar S-Type it will be launched £350m development programme. “within a matter of months” in Peugeot and Citroën Bleak supplier prospects Phil Lake, chief diesel engineer at Ford, noted that products, said PSA CEO Folz. A survey by AlixPartners LLC has come to the disturbing conclusion that, thanks to overcapacity, price pressure New model bugs – no big problem and global competition, half of today’s Tier 1 and 2 Teething troubles with new cars improve product quality with the caution in making any direct suppliers will be out of may now be a thing of the past: replacement model. comparisons, however: in most business within a decade. redesigned and updated models Overall, Toyota/Lexus, cases different vehicle types are often demonstrate high initial Porsche, BMW and Honda/ produced in each country. China IPR rules worry firms quality, sometimes better than Acura emerge ahead of the Nevertheless, Honda makes its Under a proposed industry the vehicles they are replacing, industry average of 133 PPV. Accord and Civic in both policy foreign companies according to J.D. Power and The study also found that in countries, with Japan 25 PPV may only be able to own up Associates. the case of Japanese and better, though Toyota’s Corolla to 50 per cent of joint In its 2003 Initial Quality Study German brands with US demonstrates identical quality ventures, according to a of vehicles at the 90-day point, transplant factories, quality from from both sources. report in Automotive News. J.D. Power concludes that in the home plants was generally To no-one’s great surprise, The new rules also call for their launch year new vehicles marginally better. German Toyota makes a clean sweep of Chinese companies to be suffer an average quality decline BMWs, Mercedes-Benzes and the manufacturing plant awards, technologically independent, of just five problems per 100 VWs were all better than their with its Tahara, Motomachi and which would force foreign vehicles (PPV), which is more US-made counterparts, as were Tsutsumi facilities ranked top, companies to cede some of than regained in the following Hondas, Nissans, Mitsubishis and its luxury Lexus brand their intellectual property to year. Some makers – Mitsubishi and Toyotas produced in Japan. emerging as the best quality their domestic partners. is cited – can even substantially J.D. Power sounds a note of nameplate overall. 4 INDUSTRY NEWS Ricardo Quarterly Review Summer 2003 A message from the Chief Executive Second-generation Toyota Prius hybrid moves up a size to challenge European premium diesels One of the hallmarks of the engineering expertise provided by Ricardo to the world’s leading vehicle manufacturers is the technology that we develop and apply to Surveys show bright their new model programmes. It is the very essence of Ricardo and has been so since the pioneering work of our founder in the future for hybrids early part of the last century. In many instances Ricardo innovations find application onboard the vehicle, improving Two recent surveys paint an optimistic picture expect hybrid sales to grow to 500,000 units characteristics such as performance, of the future market for hybrid vehicles. In by 2008, rising to take 5 per cent of the emissions, refinement, or reducing its Europe, a report by Frost and Sullivan market by 2013. The launch of hybrid editions production costs. In other cases, we predicts that by 2010 hybrid models will of the Ford Escape and Chevrolet Silverado provide technology in the form of new tools, account for 450,000 sales annually, or 3 per in 2004 will ensure that trucks soon account techniques and processes of product cent of the market. for one in four hybrid sales in North America. development, allowing new vehicles to be Mild hybrids will make up the “lion’s share” In 2002, when 32,000 hybrids found buyers, brought to market faster, more efficiently of these sales, says Frost and Sullivan, with and this year, when 54,000 sales are forecast, and with higher standards of optimisation.