Space Exploration
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The Space Race
The Space Race Aims: To arrange the key events of the “Space Race” in chronological order. To decide which country won the Space Race. Space – the Final Frontier “Space” is everything Atmosphere that exists outside of our planet’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is the layer of Earth gas which surrounds our planet. Without it, none of us would be able to breathe! Space The sun is a star which is orbited (circled) by a system of planets. Earth is the third planet from the sun. There are nine planets in our solar system. How many of the other eight can you name? Neptune Saturn Mars Venus SUN Pluto Uranus Jupiter EARTH Mercury What has this got to do with the COLD WAR? Another element of the Cold War was the race to control the final frontier – outer space! Why do you think this would be so important? The Space Race was considered important because it showed the world which country had the best science, technology, and economic system. It would prove which country was the greatest of the superpowers, the USSR or the USA, and which political system was the best – communism or capitalism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvaEvCNZymo The Space Race – key events Discuss the following slides in your groups. For each slide, try to agree on: • which of the three options is correct • whether this was an achievement of the Soviet Union (USSR) or the Americans (USA). When did humans first send a satellite into orbit around the Earth? 1940s, 1950s or 1960s? Sputnik 1 was launched in October 1957. -
Russian Project Space Sputnik 1
Russian Project Space Sputnik 1 Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into space because it inaugurates the The Space Age and that is when the space race started. Laika, Belka, Strelka Laika was the first dog to be sent into space who died on 3 November 1957. Belka and Strelka spent a day in space aboard and they didn’t die. Vostok 1 and Yuri Gagarin Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space in the Vostok 1 capsule.He“paved the way for space exploration and truly went where no man had been before.” Valentina Tereshkova Valentina Tereshkova is the first female to go into space.She spoke with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, who said, “Valentina, I am very happy and proud that a girl from the Soviet Union is the first woman to fly into space and to operate such cutting-edge equipment.” Voskhod 2 and Alexei Leonov Voskhod 2 was another milestone in space exploration and Alexei Leonov became the first person to leave the spacecraft to conduct a spacewalk. Mir the space station Mir was a space station operated by the Soviet Union and it was the first modular space station, it was brought down in 2001. The Russian Space Programme in the 21st Century The Russian government promised to replace its key space assets, inherited from the former USSR, with a brand-new triad of space infrastructure for the 21st century. In addition to a next-generation manned spaceship, Russia committed to build a new launch site and a fleet of rockets with a wide range of capabilities. -
Episode 2: Bodies in Orbit
Episode 2: Bodies in Orbit This transcript is based on the second episode of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space, produced by Dra!House Media and featuring analysis from the Center for Strategic and International Studies’ Aerospace Security Project. Listen to the full episode on iTunes, Spotify, or on our website. BY Thomas González Roberts // PUBLISHED April 4, 2018 AS A DOCENT at the Smithsonian National Air & Space But before humans could use the bathroom in space, a Museum I get a lot of questions from visitors about the lot of questions needed to be answered. Understanding grittiest details of spaceflight. While part of me wants to how human bodies respond to the environment of outer believe that everyone is looking for a thoughtful Kennedy space took years of research. It was a dark, controversial quote to drive home an analysis of the complicated period in the history of spaceflight. This is Moonstruck, a relationship between nationalism and space travel, some podcast about humans in space. I’m Thomas González people are less interested in my stories and more Roberts. interested in other, equally scholarly topics: In the late 1940s, American scientists began to focus on Kids: I have a question. What if you need to go to the two important challenges of spaceflight: solar radiation bathroom while you're in a spacesuit? Is there a special and weightlessness.1 diaper? Aren't you like still wearing the diaper when you are wearing a spacesuit? Let'sThomas start González with radiation. Roberts is the host and executive producer of Moonstruck, and a space policy Alright, alright, I get it. -
Read Book Laika Ebook
LAIKA PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Nick Abadzis | 208 pages | 07 Sep 2007 | Roaring Brook Press | 9781596431010 | English | New Milford, United States Laika PDF Book Others pry tears from dry eyes, keeping Kleenex in business with tearjerker endings. See also:. Fruit flies launched in became the first animals to reach outer space and be recovered alive. Topics Movies space. Four other dogs died in Soviet space missions: Bars and Lisichka were killed when their R-7 rocket exploded shortly after launch on 28 July ; [31] Pchyolka and Mushka died when Korabl-Sputnik 3 was purposely destroyed with an explosive charge to prevent foreign powers from inspecting the capsule after a wayward atmospheric reentry trajectory on 1 December Animal rights groups at the time called on members of the public to protest at Soviet embassies. However, Laika was not the first animal in space. After reaching orbit, Sputnik 2's nose cone was jettisoned successfully; however the "Block A" core did not separate as planned, preventing the thermal control system from operating correctly. LCCN : sh Gravity wave detector all set Robots get cheeky The big and the bizarre Botox 'may cause new wrinkles' Alien 'abductees' show real symptoms Leatherbacks 'extinct in 30 years' Isle of the Dead gives up clues Meacher attacks GM crops Foes urged to spare Iraq's wildlife Ariane 4 blasts into history Ankle-deep on Mars Goodbye Dolly. Soviet physicians chose Laika to die, but they were not entirely heartless. For years, the party line from officials was that Laika had been humanely euthanized before the satellite reentered the atmosphere. -
The Ethics of Animal Research – Teacher Notes
The Ethics of Animal Research – Teacher Notes The previous lesson showed the extensive use of animals in the early days of space research and even today to further our understanding of the space environment. This raises important questions about the ethics of using animals in research. The use of animals in scientific experimentation has always been, and will always be a controversial subject. It is however an unavoidable fact that without animal research we would know far less about biology, diseases and medical conditions that affect humans and other animals. While researchers agree that animals should only be used when there is no known alternative and they should be treated with humane respect to avoid suffering, the scientific community continue to agree that the historical use of animals in research has allowed the development of medical treatment, surgical techniques, vaccines and the advancement of science in other areas. As we know animals were used extensively to serve as surrogates for human beings in the early days of spaceflight to learn vital information about the environment. In recent times, although animals continue to be used in space research, valid arguments about animal suffering have led to great improvements in their treatment. It is estimated that between 50 and 100 million animals are used in research experiments every year. Animals used in testing come from a variety of sources. While many animals, particularly worms and rats, may be purpose bred for testing other animals are still caught in the wild. Opponents to animal testing argue that it is cruel and unnecessary, that the results never reliably predict the reaction of human physiology and that animals have the same right as humans not to be used for experimentation. -
The Red Scare- Soviet Union
JCC: The Red Scare- Soviet Union Chair: Bridget Arnold Vice-Chair: 1 Table of Contents 3. Letter from Chair 4. Committee Background 7. Topic A: Race to the Moon 15. Topic B: Developing Tensions is the West 24. Positions 2 Letter from the Chair: Dear Fellow Comrades, Hello, and welcome to LYMUN VII! I am extremely excited to be chairing (the better side) of the JCC: The Red Scare. My name is Bridget Arnold, I am currently a Senior at Lyons Township and I have participated in Model UN since my Freshman year. Outside of MUN, I participate in various clubs such as Mock Trial and PSI and in general have a huge fascination with politics. In anticipation of the conference, you are expected to write one position paper outlining your person’s beliefs on the topics that you have been given. Both topics will be discussed in order but only one position paper is required. All delegates should maintain their character’s policy within the committee and should avoid slipping into their own personal beliefs. During committee, I will not only be looking for delegates who speak a lot but those who work well with other delegates, contribute to discussions, and exemplify knowledge about the topic in their speeches. With that being said, I encourage all delegates to speak at least once in this committee. Any experience with public speaking will benefit your skills as a public speaker now and in the future. Writing directives and crisis notes with your own original ideas are also crucial for success in this cabinet. -
Dawn of the Space Age
Teacher’s Guide to DAWN OF THE SPACE AGE OBJECTIVES: • To learn about early trips into space • To examine milestones in human space flight. • To gain an appreciation of the massive technological effort it takes to put something in space This show conforms to the following Illinois state science standards: 12.F.3a, 12.F.2c, 12.F.3b, 13.B.1c. Next Generation Science Standards: 1.ESS1.1 BRIEF SHOW DESCRIPTION: “Dawn” replaces our old “Space Pioneers” show. Through wonderful computer animation, “Dawn” allows you to relive major milestones in the history of spaceflight. From Sputnik to Space Ship One, we see how Yuri Gagarin survived in space, the voyage of Laika (the dog), the early Gemini missions, Apollo to the Moon, the Space Shuttle, and even the International Space Station. PRE-VISIT ACTIVITIES/TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION: • Develop a timeline of space events going back before Sputnik. Who developed rocketry? Who had the early lead in the space race? How many countries have sent astronauts into space? • How many people have been in space? What does it take to train for space travel? • Get a children’s wading pool, fill about half of it with sand and then a thin layer of flour. By dropping rocks into the sand, you can make craters. Experiment by changing the size and shape of the rock, the height that you drop it, and the angle that it comes into the sand. Can you duplicate some of the craters on the Moon? • How far have humans ventured into space? Make a scale model solar system by scaling down the Sun to a 38-inch diameter circle. -
RUSSIAN - EUROPEAN LAIKA (Russko-Evropeïskaïa Laïka)
FEDERATION CYNOLOGIQUE INTERNATIONALE (AISBL) SECRETARIAT GENERAL: 13, Place Albert 1 er B – 6530 Thuin (Belgique) ______________________________________________________________________________ 02.03.2011/EN FCI-Standard N° 304 RUSSIAN - EUROPEAN LAIKA (Russko-Evropeïskaïa Laïka) 2 TRANSLATION : Anna Samsonova, edited by Dr. Eugene Yerusalimsky. Revised by Jennifer Mulholland and Renée Sporre- Willes / Original version: (EN). ORIGIN : Russia. DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD : 13.10.2010. UTILIZATION : Hunting dog for all-round purposes. FCI-CLASSIFICATION : Group 5 Spitz and primitive types. Section 2 Nordic hunting dogs. With working trial. BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : This is a Russian breed of hunting dogs from the European forest areas of Russia. The first record about northern ear-pointed dogs was published by A. A. Shirinsky-Shikhmatov in the “Album of northern sledge dogs-laikas” in 1895. The dogs mentioned therein were named Cheremis and Zyrianskiy Laikas. The breed was limited to the regions of Komi, Udmurtia, Arkhangelsk , Yaroslavl , Tver, Moscow and some other areas of Russia. In 1947 the off-spring of Arkhangelsk, Komi, Karelia, Votiatsk and other Laikas were united into one breed under the modern name of: – Russian-European Laika. The breed standard for Russian-European Laika as a purebred dog was approved in 1952. The correct modern type of Russian-European Laika, as a recognized purebred dog, was not achieved by breeding different Laikas off- spring; it is the result of selective breeding over a long period of time GENERAL APPEARANCE : Medium sized dog; of medium to strong built. FCI-St. N° 304 / 02.03.2011 3 The overall impression is that of a square built dog, the length of the body (point of shoulders to point of buttocks) being equal to the height at the withers; however, the length of the body may be slightly superior to the height at the withers. -
What the Dogs Did: Animal Agency in the Soviet Manned Space Flight
BJHS: Themes 2:79–99, 2017. © British Society for the History of Science 2017. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/bjt.2017.9 What the dogs did: animal agency in the Soviet manned space flight programme AMY NELSON* Abstract. This paper examines the agency of the dogs used to develop the Soviet manned space flight programme by considering what the dogs did as experimental subjects, as dog technolo- gies, and as individual dogs in the context of the historically conditioned practices of Soviet science. Looking at how Soviet space researchers refined Pavlovian behaviourism and inte- grated it into a complex engineering project helps clarify the conditions under which the dogs worked and the assumptions that guided the human researchers. The paper uses theoret- ical perspectives that contextualize animal agency in terms of relationships and then looks at those relationships from an ethological perspective. This provides a sense of what the dogs did that distinguishes between how humans understand dogs and what we know about dogs’ cognitive and social capacities. The paper proposes a model of animal agency that looks seriously at the dogs’ relationships with human researchers and suggests that the dogs’ significance as historical subjects depends as much on what they did as dogs as it does on how their contributions to the space race were perceived. Among the legions of animals used in scientific research few have garnered the fame of the Soviet space dogs. -
Human Spaceflight Plans of Russia, China and India
Presentation to the Secure World Foundation November 3, 2011 by Marcia S. Smith Space and Technology Policy Group, LLC and SpacePolicyOnline.com “Civil” Space Activities in Russia “Civil” space activities Soviet Union did not distinguish between “civil” and “military” space programs until 1985 Line between the two can be quite blurry For purposes of this presentation, “civil” means Soviet/Russian activities analogous to NASA and NOAA (though no time to discuss metsats today) Roscosmos is Russian civil space agency. Headed by Army General (Ret.) Vladimir Popovkin Recent reports of $3.5 billion budget, but probably does not include money from US and others 11-03-11 2 Key Points to Take Away Space cooperation takes place in the broad context of U.S.-Russian relations Russia may not be a superpower today, but it is a global power and strategically important to the United States Complex US-Russian relationship, as New START and INKSNA demonstrate Russian space program modest by Soviet standards, but Retains key elements Leverages legacy capabilities for current activities and commercial gain Is a global launch service provider from four launch sites from Arctic to equator Proud history of many space “firsts,” but also tragedies and setbacks U.S.-Soviet/Russian civil space relationship has transitioned from primarily competition to primarily cooperation/interdependence today Cooperation not new, dates back to 1963, but much more intensive today U.S. is dependent on Russia for some things, but they also need us Bold dreams endure as Mars 500 demonstrates 11-03-11 3 Today is 54th Anniversary of First Female in Space 11-03-11 4 Just One of Many “Firsts” First satellite (Sputnik, Oct. -
Year 5 History Week Beginning 4Th May L.O.: I Can Learn
YEAR 5 HISTORY WEEK BEGINNING 4TH MAY L.O.: I CAN LEARN ABOUT ANIMALS IN SPACE AND DEBATE WHETHER THIS IS ACCEPTABLE. As we learnt last week, there was a great Space Race between USA and USSR. Both wanted to be the best at Space travel and exploration! We learnt about the humans who went in to Space, but animals have played a very important part too… Both countries were using experimental technology that was extremely dangerous and a lot was at stake. Whoever got there first, without casualties, would be the better country - and the whole world was watching. In the 1940s and 50s, Space flight was still too dangerous to risk an astronaut’s life… so animals were sent instead. The USA sent fruit flies into space in 1947 so they were technically the first animals in space. In 1949 however, a rhesus monkeys called Albert 1 reached 30– 39 miles (48–63 km) altitude (height above Earth). Another monkey, Albert II, reached about 83 miles (134 km) on a different space mission. Albert II died on impact after a parachute failure. The USSR decided to send the spacecraft 'Sputnik' into space with a stray dog called Laika as it's passenger. By using a dog, their scientists could see the effects of zero-gravity on a living animal. They believed that if the mission was unsuccessful, then the loss of a dog's life wouldn't be as bad as a lost human. On November 3rd 1957, Sputnik 2 was launched into space with Laika. She had gone from being a stray dog in Moscow to being an animal astronaut pioneer. -
A Race to the Stars and Beyond: How the Soviet Union's Success in The
Volume 18 Article 5 May 2019 A Race to the Stars and Beyond: How the Soviet Union’s Success in the Space Race Helped Serve as a Projection of Communist Power Jack H. Lashendock Gettysburg College Class of 2020 Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj Part of the History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Lashendock, Jack H. (2019) "A Race to the Stars and Beyond: How the Soviet Union’s Success in the Space Race Helped Serve as a Projection of Communist Power," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 18 , Article 5. Available at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj/vol18/iss1/5 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Race to the Stars and Beyond: How the Soviet Union’s Success in the Space Race Helped Serve as a Projection of Communist Power Abstract In the modern era, the notion of space travel is generally one of greater acceptance and ease than in times previously. Moreover, a greater number of nations (and now even private entities) have the technological capabilities to launch manned and unmanned missions into Earth’s Orbit and beyond. 70 years ago, this ability did not exist and humanity was simply an imprisoned species on this planet. The ourc se of humanity’s then- present and the collective future was forever altered when, in 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the world’s first satellite into space, setting off a decades-long completion with the United States to cosmically outperform the other.