A Agência Lusa E As Eleições Nos Países Lusófonos

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A Agência Lusa E As Eleições Nos Países Lusófonos Diana Sofia Boisson Lopes do Mar A AGÊNCIA LUSA E AS ELEIÇÕES NOS PAÍSES LUSÓFONOS Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação e Jornalismo, orientada pela Doutora Isabel Ferin Cunha, apresentada ao Departamento de Filosofia, Comunicação e Informação da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra 2015 Faculdade de Letras A AGÊNCIA LUSA E AS ELEIÇÕES NOS PAÍSES LUSÓFONOS Ficha Técnica: Tipo de trabalho Dissertação de Mestrado Título A AGÊNCIA LUSA E AS ELEIÇÕES NOS PAÍSES LUSÓFONOS Autor/a Diana Sofia Boisson Lopes do Mar Orientador/a Isabel Maria Ribeiro Ferin Cunha Júri Presidente: Doutora Rita Joana Basílio de Simões Vogais: 1. Doutor João José Figueira da Silva 2. Doutora Isabel Maria Ribeiro Ferin Cunha Identificação do Curso 2.º Ciclo em Comunicação e Jornalismo Área científica Comunicação e Jornalismo Especialidade/Ramo Jornalismo Data da defesa 23-9-2015 Classificação 16 valores ! AGRADECIMENTOS- Os meus sinceros agradecimentos à orientadora da presente dissertação, a Doutora Isabel Ferin Cunha, desde logo por ter aceitado o desafio de cumprir esse exercício à distância. Também por toda a disponibilidade e apoio no esclarecimento das inúmeras dúvidas e pelas importantes sugestões. Palavras de apreço devem ser ainda dirigidas à uma série de colegas da Agência Lusa, desde membros da direção, a editores, passando por administrativos, pelo inegável apoio prestado em diversas frentes, fundamental para a execução do presente trabalho. Agradeço também às Fátimas: à primeira por me “aliviar” no trabalho, permitindo-me dedicar mais tempo ao estudo e à segunda pelos dias passados na biblioteca. A ambas pelas palavras de estímulo. De igual modo, estendo o apreço à Marta e à Olga pelos conselhos. Também aos meus pais, cujo esforço me permitiu uma dia realizar o sonho de frequentar a Universidade. Ao Carlos, por estar sempre ao meu lado, por acreditar em mim, pelo incondicional apoio e pelas constantes palavras de incentivo. RESUMO- O ano de 2015 marcou 20 anos de ciberjornalismo made in Portugal. Aproveitando a efeméride, o presente estudo descreve os diferentes estágios de evolução, as caraterísticas e potencialidades do novo meio, bem como as transformações decorrentes da nova realidade comunicacional. No contexto desta “revolução” definiu-se como principal objetivo da presente investigação aferir o peso da Agência Lusa nos órgãos de comunicação social na Internet e, por contraste, o grau de produção própria dos mesmos. Para o efeito, foi selecionado um período muito particular para a elaboração da análise. Em causa, o mês de outubro de 2014 por reunir três eleições, um momento importante na vida de qualquer nação, em países de língua oficial portuguesa, uma das áreas “vocacionais” da Agência Lusa. Os três casos (São Tomé e Príncipe, Moçambique e Brasil) foram escalpelizados individualmente e, em paralelo, foi realizada em cada um deles uma análise aos despachos da Agência Lusa durante no mesmo período. Por fim, foi exposta uma perspetiva de todo o conjunto, em ambas as frentes, para uma melhor compreensão dos resultados do estudo, na medida em que permitiu colocar em evidência as diferenças observadas entre cada um dos casos e o todo. As principais conclusões apontam para uma elevada dependência da Agência Lusa e, por oposição, para um reduzido nível de produção própria por parte dos órgãos de comunicação social com presença na Internet, longe do patamar do que se consideraria como o ideal. Palavras-chave: Internet, ciberjornalismo, agências de notícias, Agência Lusa ABSTRACT- The year 2015 marked 20 years of online journalism "made in" Portugal. Taking this into account, the present study describes the different stages of evolution, the main characteristics and potential of the new medium, as well as the changes resulting from the new communication reality. In the context of this "revolution" the primary objective of this study was to assess the weight of the Lusa Agency in the media and on the Internet, by contrast, the degree of own production. To this end, was selected a very particular period for the analysis. It was run on October 2014 because it gathers three elections, an important moment in the life of any nation, in Portuguese-speaking countries, one of the "vocational" areas of Lusa. The three cases (Sao Tome and Principe, Mozambique and Brazil) were individually dissected and, in parallel, an analysis of the takes of Lusa News Agency published in the same period was held. Finally, it was shown a perspective of the whole, on both fronts for a better understanding of the study results. That allowed to highlight the differences between each case and the whole. Key findings indicate a high dependence on the Lusa News Agency as opposed to a reduced level of journalistic own production, far from the level that would be ideal. Keywords: Internet, online journalism, news agencies, LUSA Portuguese News Agency ÍNDICE- ! ÍNDICE..................................................................................................................... 1! INTRODUÇÃO ....................................................................................................... 2! CAPÍTULO3I3–3Internet3e3Informação ............................................................ 4! 1.3–3Ciberjornalismo ................................................................................................. 4! 1.1!–3Caraterísticas ................................................................................................... 7! 1.2!–3Fases3da3evolução .........................................................................................12! 1.3!–3Ciberjornalismo3em3Portugal ...................................................................15! 1.43–33Novo3perfil3do3jornalista............................................................................18! 1.53–33Diferentes3formas3de3informar................................................................27! CAPÍTULO3II3–3Agências3de3notícias ............................................................30! 2.3–33Aparecimento,3história3e3papel..................................................................30! 2.13–3Na3era3da3Internet3e3da3convergência3multimédia ............................35! 2.2.3–3A3(s)3experiência3(s)3de3Portugal............................................................37! 2.33–3Lusa3e3Lusofonia............................................................................................54! CAPÍTULO3III3–3Lusofonia ...............................................................................56! 3.3–3Conceito ..............................................................................................................56! 3.13–3A3CPLP ...............................................................................................................62! 3.23–3Os3Estados[membros ...................................................................................66! 3.33–3Lusofonia3e3Informação ..............................................................................87! CAPÍTULO3IV3–3Estudo3de3Caso:3A3agência3Lusa3e3as3eleições3lusófonas3de3 2014.................................................................................................................................92! 4.3–3Objeto3de3estudo ..............................................................................................92! 4.13–3Metodologia3de3investigação.....................................................................93! 4.23–3Apresentação3de3resultados......................................................................96! 4.333–3CONCLUSÃO................................................................................................. 118! REFERÊNCIAS3BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ...............................................................120! ANEXOS..............................................................................................................127! 1 INTRODUÇÃO- A Internet transfigurou o mundo. O impacto, embora transversal, atingiu de forma particular o domínio da informação, impondo significativas mudanças sentidas, a jusante e a montante, em todo o ecossistema mediático. Apesar de o jornalismo ter sempre evoluído na esteira do progresso tecnológico, os desafios trazidos pela Internet talvez não encontrem paralelo no tempo e no espaço. A “revolução” abalou não só as estruturas – aparentemente sólidas – que fundaram o estatuto que os media conquistaram ao ponto de serem chamados de “o quarto poder”, como alterou o próprio exercício de contar histórias. Embora pilares como o compromisso para com a verdade se devam manter inalterados, sob pena de o jornalista falhar a sua missão no mundo, a chegada da Internet veio beliscar princípios fundamentais, a partir do momento, em que, por exemplo, a rapidez ganha ao rigor ou a investigação aprofundada perde para a cobertura superficial. As alterações transformaram também o próprio perfil do jornalista que, em face de todas as potencialidades que o novo meio encerra, se viu redesenhado, forçado a transformar-se, a converter-se, nomeadamente à multimédia, enfim, a adaptar-se para poder garantir a sua sobrevivência como espécie. A fim de aproveitar o marco dos 20 anos de ciberjornalismo em Portugal, o primeiro capítulo do presente estudo apresenta uma viagem pelas transformações que o novo tipo de jornalismo trouxe, percorrendo as diferentes etapas de evolução, traçando um quadro das principais caraterísticas e potencialidades. Entra, posteriormente, numa abordagem pelo panorama em Portugal, replicando o exercício dos primórdios até aos dias de hoje, com subcapítulos
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