AFRICAN INTEGRATION FUND a Special Continental Fund for the Implementation of the Minimum Integration Program of the African Union Commission
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Partnership Profile: Unitaid
PARTNERSHIP PROFILE: UNITAID About UNITAID UNITAID aims to achieve its mission by: UNITAID is an innovative financing mechanism that raises • Providing incentives to manufacturers to produce other- new funds for global health and complements existing initia- wise commercially unattractive products at lower prices. tives targeting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. Almost UNITAID provides funding to its partners to purchase exist- two-thirds of its funding (US$1.2 billion out of US$1.9 billion in ing medicines and diagnostics. This provides them with the the period 2007–2012) is mobilized through a mandatory tax, “purchasing power” to negotiate reduced prices with manu- known as the “air ticket levy’—a contribution that passengers facturers and to pool many low-volume orders to reach sup- make when they purchase their airline ticket. pliers’ minimum production volumes (“batch sizes”). Through UNITAID was officially launched at the United Nations General long-term orders, UNITAID also encourages more producers Assembly meeting in September 2006 by the governments of to enter the market to increase competition. France, Brazil, Chile, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Since • Accelerating the pace at which new drugs and diagnos- its launch, 24 other countries and the Bill & Melinda Gates tics are developed through long-term purchase commit- Foundation have become UNITAID members. ments to its partners. These help to encourage the develop- ment of new drugs better adapted to the needs of patients UNITAID’s mission is to contribute to increasing access to drug in developing countries, for example spurring the manu- treatments and diagnostics for HIV/AIDS, TB, and malaria, pri- facture of fixed-dose antiretroviral (ARV) drug combination marily in low-income countries (see UNITAID’s strategic objec- therapies, and of pediatric ARV formulations. -
Institutionalising Pan-Africanism Transforming African Union Values and Principles Into Policy and Practice Tim Murithi
Institutionalising Pan-Africanism Transforming African Union values and principles into policy and practice Tim Murithi ISS Paper 143 • June 2007 Price: R15.00 Introduction translated into protocols, treaties and institutions. The discussion concludes with policy recommendations. The African Union has emerged as a home-grown initiative by which the African people will be able to Defining Pan-Africanism effectively take the destiny of their continent into their own hands. In this paper the creation of the AU as the The general assumption is that the process of continental institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism will integration began with an extraordinary summit of be assessed. The underlying purpose of the creation the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) which was of the AU is to promote solidarity, cooperation and convened in Sirte, Libya, in 1999. But in fact the support among African countries and peoples so as to process began with the Pan-African movement and address the catalogue of problems they face. its demand for greater solidarity among the peoples of Africa. Therefore an understanding of the emergence Some observers and commentators of the AU should start with the evolution question whether the AU is a valid of the Pan-African movement. A review undertaking at this time, or whether it of the objectives and aspirations of Pan- is just another ambitious campaign by An understanding Africanism provides a foundation for self-seeking leaders to distract attention a critical assessment of the creation of from other, more pressing problems of the emergence the AU and its prospects for promoting on the continent. -
THE AFRICAN UNION: Forward March Or About Face-Turn?
THE AFRICAN UNION: Forward March or About Face-Turn? Amadu Sesay Claude Ake Memorial Papers No. 3 Department of Peace and Conflict Research Uppsala University & Nordic Africa Institute Uppsala 1 © 2008 Amadu Sesay, DPCR, NAI ISSN 1654-7489 ISBN 978-91-506-1990-4 Printed in Sweden by Universitetstryckeriet, Uppsala 2008 Distributed by the Department of Peace and Conflict Research (DPCR), Uppsala University & the Nordic Africa Institute (NAI), Uppsala Phone (DPCR) +46 18 471 76 52; (NAI) +46 18 56 22 00 Fax (DPCR) +46 18 69 51 02; (NAI) +46 18 56 22 90 E-mail (DPCR) [email protected]; (NAI) [email protected] www.pcr.uu.se; www.nai.uu.se 2 The Claude Ake Visiting Chair A Claude Ake Visiting Chair was set up in 2003 at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research (DPCR), Uppsala University, in collaboration with the Nordic Africa Institute (NAI), also in Uppsala. Funding was provided from the Swedish Government, through the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Chair was established to honour the memory of Professor Claude Ake, distinguished scholar, philosopher, teacher, activist and human- ist, tragically killed in a plane crash near Lagos, Nigeria, in 1996. The holders of the Claude Ake Visiting Chair give, at the end of their stay in Uppsala, a public lecture, entitled the ‘Claude Ake Memorial Lecture.’ While the title, thematic and content of the lecture is up to the holder, the assumption is that the topic of the lecture shall, in a general sense, relate the work of the holder to the work of Claude Ake, for example in terms of themes or issues covered, or in terms of theoretical or normative points of departure. -
Why Is the African Economic Community Important? Mr
House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations Hearing on “Will there be an African Economic Community?” January 9, 2014 Amadou Sy, Senior Fellow, Africa Growth Initiative, the Brookings Institution Chairman Smith, Ranking Member Bass, and Members of the Subcommittee, I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for convening this important hearing to discuss Africa’s progress towards establishing an economic community. I appreciate the invitation to share my views on behalf of the Africa Growth Initiative at the Brookings Institution. The Africa Growth Initiative at the Brookings Institution delivers high-quality research on issues of economic growth and development from an African perspective to better inform policy research. I have recently joined AGI from the International Monetary Fund’s where I led or participated in a number of missions to Africa over the past 15 years. Why is the African Economic Community Important? Mr. Chairman, before we start answering the main question, “Will there be an Africa Economic Community?” it is important to look at the reasons why a regionally integrated Africa is beneficial to African nations as well as the United States. In spite of its remarkable economic performance over the past decade, Africa needs to grow faster in order to transform its economy and create the resources needed to reduce poverty. Over the past 10 years, sub-Saharan Africa’s real GDP grew by 5.6 percent per year, a much faster rate than the world economy, which grew by 3.2 percent. At this rate of 5.6 percent, the region should double the size of its economy in about 13 years. -
Protocol on the African Investment Bank
PROTOCOL ON THE AFRICAN INVESTMENT BANK 1 Preamble The Member States of the African Union; Considering that the Constitutive Act of the African Union established the African Investment Bank in its article 19(c); Further considering the Treaty establishing the African Economic Community, adopted in Abuja, Nigeria, in June 1991; Desiring to address collectively the main economic development challenges facing African continent; Recalling Assembly Decision AU/Dec.64(IV) on the location of the Headquarters of African Union institutions in the regions of the Continent, adopted in Abuja, Nigeria, in January 2005; Further recalling Executive Council Decision Ex.CLlDec.329(10) on the establishment of the African Union Financial Institutions adopted in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia, in January 2007; Considering the General Convention on the privileges and immunities of the Organization of African Unity/African Union; Firmly convinced that the attainment of the objectives of the African Union requires the establishment of the African Investment Bank. HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: Article 1: Definitions In this Protocol unless otherwise specifically stated: “Act” means the Constitutive Act of the Union; “Assembly” means the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Union; “Bank” means the African Investment Bank of the Union; “Commission” means the African Union Commission; 2 “Court” means the African Court of Justice and Human Rights; “Executive Council” means the Executive Council of Ministers of the Union; “General Assembly” means the General Assembly of the Bank; “Member State” means a Member State of the Union; “Protocol” means this Protocol and the Statute annexed to it; “State Parties” means the Member States that have ratified or acceded to this Protocol; “Union” means the African Union established by the Act. -
"Four Instruments to Strengthen Financial Integration in Sub
Conférence / Conference REUSSIR L’INTEGRATION FINANCIERE EN AFRIQUE PROMOTING FINANCIAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA Mardi 27 mai 2014 / Tuesday, May 27 2014 Four Instruments to Strengthen Financial Integration in Sub-Saharan Africa Amadou Sy Senior Fellow, Initiative pour la croissance en Afrique Senior Fellow, Africa Growth Initiative Brookings Institution Four Instruments to Strengthen Financial Integration in Sub-Saharan Africa Amadou Sy Senior Fellow, Africa Growth Initiative, Brookings Institution May 2014 1. Introduction and Political Commitment to Integration Over the past 10 years, sub-Saharan Africa grew 5 percent per year and, at this rate, the region’s economy should double in size before 2030. Economic growth is projected to rise by at least 6 percent in 2014 and 7 of the world’s fastest 10 economies in 2011-2015 will be from the region. This “Africa rising” narrative should not mask the remaining challenges facing the continent. Indeed, rapid economic growth has not resulted in sufficient gains in terms of job creation and reduced inequality. Moreover, average continental growth rates mask an uneven progress among countries. Without a doubt, financial integration can play an important role in helping achieve sustainable and inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Hoping for their countries to benefit from regional integration, 51 heads of state and government signed the Abuja Treaty in 1991. The treaty, which entered in force in 1994, establishes a roadmap toward an African Economic Community to be completed by 2028. The roadmap included six stages starting with the creation of regional blocs (regional economic communities or RECs, see Figure 1) and the strengthening of intra-regional integration and the harmonization between the blocs. -
Existing Mechanisms of Innovative Financing for Development
49 Chapter III Existing mechanisms of innovative financing for development Summary In general, existing innovative development financing mechanisms have been successful in ful- filling specific purposes, such as front-loading disbursements of official development assistance, mitigating risks and incentivizing the commercialization of new vaccines. However, they are relatively limited in scale, and generally do not provide additional resources. The International Finance Facility for Immunisation (IFFIm) has raised $3.6 billion for vaccine programmes since 2006 by front-loading ODA flows. Replication and scaling up are technically feasible, and may be useful where financing needs are temporary or investments are self-financing in the medium term; but prospects may be limited by fiscal constraints in donor countries and the recent downgrading of the IFFIm credit rating. While advance market commitments and the Affordable Medicines Facility - malaria are still at an early stage, initial results of the pilot projects appear promising. There may be potential for replication so as to induce technological innovation in renewable energy and/or sustainable agriculture, but scalability of this type of initiative may be limited by resource availability. The Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility has proved effective as a risk-pooling mechanism for member countries, with significant advantages over conventional insurance and with the potential for replication in some other regions. While resources mobilized through Product Red are additional to ODA, and may prove more predictable, the amounts raised have been small. Introduction The traditional view of innovative development financing (IDF) envisages mechanisms aiming primarily at generating substantial and predictable resources for development ad- ditional to traditional official development assistance (ODA). -
Monetary Aspects of the African Continental Free Trade Area *
Robert Triffin International Monetary Aspects of the African Continental Free Trade Area ELENA FLOR The long road to African unity has perhaps taken a major step forward with the decision – adopted on 21 March 2018 and entered into force on 30 May 2019 – by 49 countries to create the AfCFTA, African Continental Free Trade Area, along with the Free Movement Protocol, signed by 32 countries. The AfCFTA is one of the flagship projects of the African Union’s Agenda 2063 that also provides for the introduction of a common passport and a single currency. Established in 1963 as the Organization of African Unity and renamed The African Union in 2002, this organization includes all the countries on the continent and is headquartered in Addis Ababa. So far, the security sector has been its main scope of action with the creation of its “blue helmets”, which have intervened on a number of occasions to help stabilize a number of countries troubled by inextricable tribal crises. The new AfCFTA agreement can provide the same impetus to Africa as the creation of the Common Market did in 1957 to the European unification process. Reflecting on the African unity issue, the most significant experiences to consider are probably China and India. China has been able to build on a unification that took place over two thousand years ago, in particular with the concentration of the Seven Kingdoms, and on the creation, under the emperor, of a high-level administrative structure (the mandarins), of which the Chinese Communist Party is, in a way, a continuation. -
Strengthening Popular Participation in the African Union a Guide to AU Structures and Processes
STRENGTHENING POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN THE AFRICAN UNION A Guide to AU Structures and Processes AfriMAP An Open Society Institute Network Publication In memory of Tajudeen Abdul Raheem Pan-Africanist 1961–2009 First published in 2009 by the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) and Oxfam Copyright © 2009 Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) and Oxfam ISBN 978-1-920355-24-1 2nd impression 2010 All rights reserved. Redistribution of the material presented in this work is encouraged, provided that the original text is not altered, that the original source is properly and fully acknowledged and that the objective of the redistribution is not for commercial gain. Please contact [email protected] if you wish to reproduce, redistribute or transmit, in any form or by any means, this work or any portion thereof. Produced by COMPRESS.dsl www.compressdsl.com Contents Acknowledgements v Acronyms vi INTRODUCTION: THE PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE 1 PART 1 AU ORGANS & INSTITUTIONS 3 > Assembly of Heads of State and Government 6 > Chairperson of the African Union 8 > Executive Council of Ministers 10 > Permanent Representatives Committee (PRC) 12 > Commission of the African Union 14 > Peace and Security Council (PSC) 18 > Pan-African Parliament (PAP) 21 > African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) 22 > African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 24 > African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (to become the African Court of Justice and Human Rights) 25 > Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC) -
African Court of Justice
The ASSEMBLY is the African Union’s (AU’s) supreme organ and comprises Heads of State and Government from all Member States. It SUBSIDIARY ORGANS: determines the AU’s policies, establishes its priorities, adopts its annual program and monitors the implementation of its policies and THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL decisions. The Assembly’s mandate is to accelerate the political and socio-economic integration of the African continent. The Assembly Committees reporting to the Council came into existence on 25 May 1963, as part of the ratification of Organization of African Unity (OAU). It consists of the 54 heads of state Permanent Representatives' Committee THE AU ASSEMBLY and government of the member countries, and meets once a year at the AU Summit. The Chairperson of the Assembly’s most important Specialized Technical Committees functions is to preside at the Pan-African Parliament during the election and swearing in of the President of the Pan-African Parliament. The Judicial And Human Rights Institutions current Chairman of the Assembly since January 2017 is President Alpha Conde of Guinea. The COMMISSION of the African Union acts as the executive/administrative branch or secretariat of the AU. It consists of a number of AU COMMISSION (CHAIR AND DIRECTORATES) Chairman of the Commission and Deputy| Commissioners dealing with different areas of policy. The Commission is headquartered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Commission's specific Conference and Publications| Peace and Security| AU COMMISSION functions, as set out in article 3 of the Commission -
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, President Bill Clinton, Launch MASSIVEGOOD, a Citizen Solution for Funding Global Health
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, President Bill Clinton, launch MASSIVEGOOD, a citizen solution for funding global health FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE NEW YORK – March 4, 2010 – UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and President Bill Clinton join today with international recording artists Will.I.Am and David Guetta, celebrated South African singer Yvonne Chaka Chaka, and director Spike Lee, to launch MASSIVEGOOD, an innovative fundraising movement that will enable travelers to make a “micro-contribution” towards major global health causes every time they buy a plane ticket, reserve a hotel room or rent a car. As of 12 noon EST today, leisure travelers in the United States will be able to “click” on MASSIVEGOOD on commercial travel websites like Travelocity and Accor Hotels and through travel agents, and contribute $2 to fighting HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis and to improving the dismal state of maternal and child health in the developing world. World leaders such as British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg sent messages of support for MASSIVEGOOD, an initiative already backed by French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner. Created by the Millennium Foundation, with the support of the global travel and tourism industry, MASSIVEGOOD has the potential to raise millions more for global health. Funds will be distributed to UNITAID, an innovative funding mechanism for the purchase of drugs that has already saved millions of lives by lowering the price and increasing the availability of key treatments in poor countries – and will be dispersed to partners, including the Clinton Health Access Initiative. “When we look at the incredible response to the crisis in Haiti, we see how much people are willing to help. -
Minutes of UNITAID’S 17Th Executive Board Session 3 - 5 December 2012
Minutes of UNITAID’s 17th Executive Board Session 3 - 5 December 2012 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary...................................................................................... 5 2. Welcome and opening of the session ........................................................... 8 2.1. Adoption of the agenda .......................................................................... 8 2.2. Minutes of EB16 ..................................................................................... 8 2.3. Overview of progress since EB16 ........................................................... 8 Discussion .................................................................................................. 10 3. Report of the Finance and Accountability Committee ............................... 11 3.1. 2013 Budget .......................................................................................... 11 Discussion ................................................................................................... 11 3.2. Resolution N° 1: Budget 2013 ............................................................... 12 3.3. Resolution N° 2: Office of the CHAIR OF THE Executive Board - Budget 2013 3.4. Resolution N° 3: Support to the Civil Society Delegations ..................... 4. Report of the Policy and Strategy Committee ............................................ 13 4.1. Independent 5-Year Evaluation of UNITAID ...................................... 13 Discussion ..................................................................................................