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Video Sensing of the Size and Abundance of Target and Non-Target Fauna in Australian Fisheries

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Video Sensing of the Size and Abundance of Target and Non-Target Fauna in Australian Fisheries Video Sensing of the Size and Abundance of Target and non-Target Fauna in Australian Fisheries - a National Work.shop - FRDC Proiect 2000./ 187 VIDEO-SENSING IN AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES - A NATIONAL WORKSHOP NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY Video sensing of the size and abundance of target and non­ target fauna in Australian fisheries - a national workshop - Dr. Euan Harvey & Mr. Mike Cappo THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE AUSTRALIA SCIENCE FISHERIES 11[5[1.kClf & DfYHOP/.HHl CO�PORATIOtl Project 2000/187 September 2001. ISBN 1 74052 057 2. These proceedings should be cited as: Harvey, E.S. and M. Cappo. 2001. Direct sensing of the size frequency and abundance of target and non­ target fauna in Australian Fisheries - a national workshop. 4-7 September 2000, Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Fisheries Research Development Corporation. 187 pp, ISBN 1 74052 057 2. VIDEO-SENSING IN AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES -A NATIONAL WORKSHOP NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 2000/187 Video sensing of the size and abundance of target and non-target fauna in Australian fisheries- a national workshop 1 2 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Dr. Euan Harvey and Mr. Mike Cappo 1 ADDRESS: University of WesternAustralia Department of Botany Stirling Highway Nedlands, W.A. 6907 Telephone 08 93802416 Fax 08 93801001 2Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB No 3, Townsville Mail Centre, QLD 4810 Telephone 07 47534262 Fax 07 47725852 OBJECTIVES 1. To report on the present national state of knowledge regarding the use and applications of videography and stereo-videography forcensusing fish populations and benthic habitats; 2. To report on: a) the limitations of stereo-photogrammetry and videography from the perspective of hardware, softwareand the behaviour of fishes and the complexities of benthic habitats; b) the oppmiunities and advantages of stereo-photogrammetry and videography from the perspective developing new techniques and methods for use in fisheries stock assessment; 3. To demonstrate the use of stereo-video software; 4. To outline further software developments, requirements and time lines for the development of a fullyautomated system for processing video records and gain suggestions on changes to software architecture and research priorities; 5. To share the cumulative knowledge of Australian based research groups experienced in the use of underwater video as a sampling tool; 6. To develop multi-disciplinary, multi-agency collaborative research projects to refine, apply and evaluate the techniques in critical fisheries. VIDEO-SENSING IN AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES A NATIONAL WORKSHOP NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY Increasing environmental concernsand policy shiftstoward more holistic fishery ecosystem management have resulted in demand forrapid, non-destructive assessment techniques forsensing both target and non-target species in fisheriesand mariculture, and for mapping benthic habitats. Underwater video is part of a suite of complimentary remote sensing tools that are being developed to fulfilthis requirement in Australia and around the world. Rapid advances in video technology and image analysis have enabled wide adoption of this sampling approach to a variety of applications. In September 2000, a three-day workshop was held on Rottnest Island, Western Australia, to share these advances, and identify gaps and opportunities in the national outlook for video techniques. The ultimate aim was to develop a Research and Development Plan forthe Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, for a coordinated approach to new applications of the video tools and to help overcome bottlenecks in their development. The workshop attracted 42 participants by invitation fromkey research and industry organisations in all States and from overseas. The workshop format aimed to share and concentrate experience and expertise fromthe fullrange of disciplines relevant to field deployment and application of the technique, image acquisition, calibration and analysis. The workshop schedule of presentations and group discussions fellunder four main themes: 1. use of video in mapping and monitoring of fisheries and mariculture habitats; 2. use of video in measuring harvested and cultured stocks - single and multiple camera approaches; 3. potential use of video forfisheries stock assessment - fish behaviour, community structure and indices of abundance; 4. developments and bottlenecks in image analysis and data analysis - towards automation of measurements and taxonomic recognition. The entire proceedings consisting of electronic presentations, extended abstracts, summaries of group discussions and the R&D Plan, have been published on an interactive CD-Rom and mounted on a website (http://www.aims.gov. au/pages/research/video-sensing/index.html). The proceedings document several sophisticated, slightly divergent approaches to habitat mapping by video borneby SCUBA, towed camera and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in Australia. Underwater video techniques have not been widely applied in fishery-independent sampling formobile organisms within their habitats, but the workshop demonstrated the potential advantages over traditional techniques to include: 11 VIDEO-SENSING IN AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES -ANATIONAL WORKSHOP NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY • video is non-destructive and can be much less selective in collection of data on abundance and size - hybrid gears (e.g. video-trawls) could provide better fishery­ independent techniques; • video footage is an extremely effective medium for communicating complex information on habitats and operation of fishing gear to industry and the wider public; • video is demonstrably less invasive than SCUBA divers in recording abundance and behaviour of a variety of important species; • video collects large quantities of visual data very quickly, forwhich rapid archiving and repeated retrieval is feasible; • video can be operated at all depths and below the visual sensitivity of target organisms: low-light, near-red and infra-redlighting enables records of undisturbed behaviour and abundance; • recent, rapid advances in imaging technology have made possible very accurate and precise 2D and 3D measurements of size and position with digital image analysis software. The presentations also highlighted the major limitations of the current technology and the need for further research, specifically: • video is limited to areas of reasonable water clarity (in turbid water, laser line scanning systems have great potential but are currently too expensive for routine scientific use); • processing of images and transformation into numerical data can be extremely labour-intensive, this is a major bottleneck in development; • the footprint of video is much smaller than the scales at which habitat mapping, fisheries, and some existing fishery-independent sampling techniques operate; there is a need for hybridisation with side-scan sonar, and calibration with fishery data; • a large initial capital outlay for equipment and image analysis software is often required, which may be beyond the scope of any single research agency forsome applications. To capitalise on the advantages of underwater video techniques the R&D Plan developed in the workshop proceedings specifies: • the strategic need to set up a national virtual warehouse of modular hardware and enabling technologies to be coordinated and shared amongst agencies; • the need to test new developments in automated computer analysis of imagery in a hierarchy from the simplest steps up to measurement and taxonomic recognition ( e.g. with artificial neural networks); iii VIDEO-SENSING IN AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES -A NATIONAL WORKSHOP NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY • the tactical need to bring the well advanced Visual Measurement Software (VMS) fromresearch versions into a properly supported product available for use in stereo­ videography; • the need fora simple "Guide to Underwater Videography'' to help biologists choose best image acquisition and analysis approaches; • the detail for testing new applications in counting gemfish with video-trawls and in measuring growth and biomass of cultured fish; • the need to develop sets of test imagery with validated and quantifiednumerical data describing the contents of the images. OUTCOMES The workshop has shown the way forwardin research on -- and the bottlenecks in development of -- underwater video systems as innovative, non-destructive, safe and efficient sensors of the identity, abundance and dynamics of the biodiversity in Australian marine ecosystems. Coordinated applications of the cumulative knowledge assembled at the workshop will lead to better mapping and monitoring of the vast seabed habitats of Australia's EEZ, and better assessment of the populations of organisms within them. Both are essential components of the emerging requirement for appropriate ecosystem management -- rather than traditional focuson single species or industries -­ and are pre-requisites of regional marine planning in support of our mariculture and fishing industries. The workshop identifiedthat a suite of remote sensing, acoustic techniques and video techniques must be integrated in habitat and stock assessment, depending on the spatial scale of the questions at hand. Fundamental opportunities in improving quality, accuracy and precision in image analysis were also demonstrated. Both will yield efficiency dividends in the automation of the data collection, target recognition and measurement processes undertaken by marine researchers. Better extension techniques based on underwater video footage will
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