DOCSLIB.ORG

Free Movement of Legal Professionals Within the European Union

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Free Movement of Legal Professionals Within the European Union Una Særún Jóhannsdóttir Free Movement of Legal Professionals within the European Union -Master´s Thesis in Law - Supervisor: Dr. M. Elvira Méndez-Pinedo University of Iceland – Faculty of Law September 2009 Una Særún Jóhannsdóttir Free Movement of Legal Professionals within the European Union -Master’s Thesis in Law - Supervisor: Dr. M. Elvira Méndez-Pinedo University of Iceland – Faculty of Law September 2009 Prologue Being, myself, a law student living and studying in another country than where I pursued my law studies I have often wondered how I can transform my purely Icelandic legal diploma into a more international legal diploma. This is a difficult situation and problems arise. My knowledge is mainly based on Icelandic law, with a basic course in European law and Public International law. Furthermore, the legal profession is a highly regulated one and it has different requirements for entrance between States. In my year as an exchange student at Stockholm University I became accidently fascinated with European Union law. A basic course in EC Procedural Law took me all the way to competing in the European Law Moot Court Competition on behalf of the University. After that there was no turning back for me. With little background knowledge in the field I found it necessary to read and independently get to know EC Law. I found myself repeatedly coming across case law from the European Court of Justice concerning lawyers that were met with hindrances to their right to free movement. Hindrances to practice their legal skills in other Member States, even though the EC Treaty guarantees for all the possibility to move around and work within the Community. Now, almost a year later, I have written a thesis on the possibilities for European lawyers to move around within the Union. I will at least know what to expect if I ever wish to exercise my right to free movement within the Union. During the writing of this thesis I was very lucky to have as my instructor Dr. Maria Elvira Mendez-Pinedo. She not only guided me on the subject but more importantly helped me realizing how, at least try, to do a proper research and how to not lose my voice in the complexity of EU law. For that I am deeply thankful. I have come a long way from where I started a few months ago. I would never be where I am today if it were not for my family which is there to support me always. Special thanks to my mother for all the help and strong thoughts. Very special thanks to Ögmundur and Sverrir. You guys have been extremely patient with me in the last months and I know that it is not always easy. I am one lucky woman to have you in my life! Stockholm, 4 September 2009 Una Særún Jóhannsdóttir Table of Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.1. The Nature of the Legal Profession ......................................................................... 3 1.2. Purpose and Structure .............................................................................................. 5 2. The Right of Establishment and the Freedom to Provide Services for Legal Professionals .. 7 2.1. The Difference between the Right of Establishment and the Freedom to Provide Services .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. The Freedom of Establishment .............................................................................. 11 2.3. The Freedom to Provide Services .......................................................................... 14 2.4. Treaty Derogations from the Right of Establishment and the Right to Provide Services .................................................................................................................. 17 2.5. Direct Effect ........................................................................................................... 18 2.6. Prohibition on Restriction to the Freedom of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services ..................................................................................................... 20 2.6.1. Directly Discriminatory Measures .................................................................. 20 2.6.2. Indirectly Discriminatory Measures ............................................................... 21 2.6.3. Non-Discriminatory Restrictions .................................................................... 23 2.7. Concluding Comments ........................................................................................... 29 3. Regulating Lawyers Freedom to Provide Services .............................................................. 31 3.1. General ................................................................................................................... 32 3.2. Reservations and Requirements ............................................................................. 33 3.3. Applicable Rules of Conduct ................................................................................. 38 3.3.1. The CCBE Code of Conduct for European Lawyers ..................................... 40 3.4. Concluding Comments ........................................................................................... 42 4. The Mutual Recognition of Legal Professional Qualifications ............................................ 44 4.1. Recognition of Qualifications in the Absence of Applicable Secondary Legislation ................................................................................................................................ 44 4.2. The First Vertical Harmonization Directives on Mutual Recognition of Qualifications ......................................................................................................... 51 4.2.1. Compensatory Measures ................................................................................. 53 4.3. Directive 2005/36 on the Recognition of Professional Qualifications .................. 54 4.3.1. Freedom to Provide Services .......................................................................... 56 4.3.2. Freedom of Establishment .............................................................................. 57 4.3.2.1. The General System for Recognition of Professional Qualifications............................57 4.3.2.2. Compensatory Measures................................................................................................59 4.3.2.3. Common Provisions on Establishment..........................................................................62 4.3.2.4. Administrative Cooperation...........................................................................................63 4.4. Concluding Comments ........................................................................................... 64 5. Regulating Lawyers Freedom of Establishment .................................................................. 66 5.1. Debate on Lawyers Right to Establishment and Events leading up to the Adoption of an Establishment Directive ................................................................................ 67 5.2. The Lawyers Establishment Directive ................................................................... 70 5.2.1. Practice Under Home-State Professional Title ............................................... 71 5.2.1.1. Registration....................................................................................................................72 5.2.1.2. Cooperation Duty between the National Competent Authorities..................................75 5.2.1.3. Area of Activity.............................................................................................................77 5.2.1.4. Exceptions......................................................................................................................78 5.2.1.5. Rules of Professional Conduct and Disciplinary Proceedings.......................................81 5.2.2. Admission to the Legal Profession in the Host Member State ....................... 83 5.2.3. Salaried Lawyers ............................................................................................ 87 5.2.4. Joint Practices and Multi-Disciplinary Partnerships ...................................... 88 5.3. Special Comment on the Case C-168/98, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg v. European Parliament and Council of the European Union .................................... 93 5.3.1. The Court´s Judgment .................................................................................... 93 5.3.2. The Advocate General´s Opinion ................................................................... 96 5.3.3. Comments ....................................................................................................... 99 5.4. Concluding Comments ......................................................................................... 100 6. The Implementation of the Lawyers Free Movement System in Iceland and Sweden ...... 102 6.1. Iceland .................................................................................................................. 103 6.2. Sweden ................................................................................................................. 106 7. Conclusion .........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Divulgação Bibliográfica
    Divulgação bibliográfica Julho/Agosto 2019 Biblioteca da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra Sumário BASES DE DADOS NA FDUC ........................................................................................ 4 E-BOOKS .................................................................................................................. 6 MONOGRAFIAS ........................................................................................................ 52 Ciências Jurídico-Empresariais................................................................................................................. 53 Ciências Jurídico-Civilísticas ..................................................................................................................... 70 Ciências Jurídico-Criminais ...................................................................................................................... 79 Ciências Jurídico-Económicas .................................................................................................................. 82 Ciências Jurídico-Filosóficas ..................................................................................................................... 83 Ciências Jurídico-Históricas ..................................................................................................................... 88 Ciências Jurídico-Políticas ........................................................................................................................ 94 Vária ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mutual Recognition in International Finance
    VOLUME 52, NUMBER 1, WINTER 2011 Mutual Recognition in International Finance Pierre-Hugues Verdier TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. .................................................. 56 1. MUTUAL RECOGNITION IN THEORY . ...................... 60 A. Internationalfinancial regulation and the limits of networks . 60 B. The concept of mutual recognition ....................... 63 C. Designing institutions for mutual recognition .............. 67 11. MUTUAL RECOGNITION IN PRACTICE .. .................... 71 A. Multilateral mutual recognition: The EU model ........... 71 1. The evolution of the European approach ............... 72 2. The European politics of mutual recognition ........... 78 B. Bilateral mutual recognition: The SEC-Australia arrangement ..................................... 82 1. The Tafara-Peterson article and the SEC-Australia arrangement .................... .............. 82 2. The bilateralpolitics of mutual recognition ............ 88 III. REEXAMINING MUTUAL RECOGNITION .................... 92 A. Mechanics ....................................... 92 B. Effects . ......................................... 96 C. Future .. ........................................ 100 1. Transatlantic regulatory cooperation .................. 101 2. Toward mutual recognition in Southeast Asia? ........ 104 IV. CONCLUSION ....... ......................................... 107 56 Harvard InternationalLaw journal / Vol. 52 Mutual Recognition in International Finance Pierre-Hugues Verdier* In recent years, scholars have devoted considerable attention
    [Show full text]
  • CCBE Charter of Core Principles of the European Legal Profession
    Council of Bars & Law Societies of Europe The voice of the European legal profession Rue Joseph II, 40/8 - 1000 Brussels T +32 (0)2 234 65 10 - [email protected] - www.ccbe.eu Charter of core principles of the European legal profession & Code of conduct for European lawyers Edition 2019 The 2019 edition includes the amendments to the commentary on Principle (g) of the Charter approved by the Plenary Session on 17 May 2019. Responsible editor: Philip Buisseret Cover illustration: ©gunnar3000 - Fotolia.com The Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE) has as its principal object to represent its member Bars and Law Societies, whether they are full members (i.e. those of the European Union, the European Economic Area and the Swiss Confederation), or associated or observer members, on all matters of mutual interest relating to the exercise of the profession of lawyer, the development of the law and practice pertaining to the rule of law and the administration of justice and substantive developments in the law itself, both at a European and international level (Article III 1.a. of the CCBE Statutes). In this respect, it is the official representative of Bars and Law Societies which between them comprise more than 1 million European lawyers. The CCBE has adopted two foundation texts, which are included in this brochure, that are both complementary and very different in nature. The more recent one is the Charter of Core Principles of the European Legal Profession which was adopted at the plenary session in Brussels on 24 November 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Ethics
    THE GEORGETOWN JOURNAL OF LEGAL ETHICS VOL. VII, NO. 1 SUMMER 1993 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY'S LEGAL ETHICS CODE PART I: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CCBE CODE OF CONDUCT Laurel S. Terry ARTICLES An Introduction to the European Community's Legal Ethics Code Part I: An Analysis of the CCBE Code of Conduct LAUREL S. TERRY* I. WHO PROMULGATED THE CCBE CODE OF CONDUCT AND WHY?........................................... 5 II. To WHOM DOES THE CCBE CODE OF CONDUCT APPLY? . 10 III. WHAT Is THE BINDING FORCE OF THE CCBE CODE OF CONDUCT........................................ 11 IV. WHAT TYPE OF CODE Is THE CCBE CODE OF CONDUCT? . 15 V. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUBSTANTIVE PROVISIONS OF THE CCBE CODE OF CONDUCT. 17 A. A Description of the Contents of the CCBE Code of Conduct...................................... 18 B. A Discussion of the Substance of the CCBE Code. 18 1. The "Preamble" of the CCBE Code . 19 2. The "General Principles" in the CCBE Code . 23 * Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law. B.A. 1973, University of California, San Diego; J.D. 1980, University of California, Los Angeles. I would like to thank the Fulbright Commission for a research grant to work on this article and the innumerable individuals who provided assistance or information, including Dorothy Margaret Donald-Little, Drs. Nicholas and Julie Simon, Dr. Peter Fischer, and the officials of the CCBE, especially including John Toulmin, Q.C., Msr. Denis de Ricci, Dr. Karl Hempel, Dr. Georg Frieders, and Mmse. Janice Webster. In addition, I would like to thank Professor Roger Goebel, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Libera Prestazione Dei Servizi E Mercato Interno
    ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITA' DI BOLOGNA DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA XXV CICLO Settore Concorsuale di afferenza: 12/E1 Settore Scientifico disciplinare: IUS/14 La circolazione dei servizi in una economia sociale di mercato Presentata da: dott. Mattia Bosio Coordinatore Dottorato Relatore Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Lucia Serena Rossi Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Alessandra Zanobetti Esame finale anno 2014 1 Al mio babbo ed alla mia mamma. Ed a chi diede il La che ancora risuona nel vento... "Je refuse une Europe qui ne serait qu'un marché, une zone de libre- échange sans âme, sans conscience, sans volonté politique, sans dimension sociale. Si c'est vers ça qu'on va, je lance un cri d'alarme." Jacques Delors 2 INDICE Introduzione Parte I: Il regime giuridico conflittuale del diritto europeo dei servizi in una economia di mercato Capitolo I. Una disciplina giuridica comunitaria in favore del principio del Paese di origine SEZIONE I. La portata estensiva della libera prestazione dei servizi ai sensi del diritto primario. § 1. La nozione di servizio: una accezione essenzialmente comunitaria § 2. Gli elementi costitutivi della prestazione comunitaria di servizi a) L’esercizio temporaneo b) ... di un'attività economica autonoma c) ...che comporti l'attraversamento di una frontiera interna. § 3. I Soggetti beneficiari della libera prestazione § 4. L'efficacia diretta della clausola di libera prestazione § 5. Le restrizioni vietate: misure discriminatorie e misure indistintamente applicabili § 6. Il rapporto con le altre libertà fondamentali: il mercato unico dalle merci ai servizi § 7. Relazioni complementari con il diritto di stabilimento: il livello di controllo esercitato sugli operatori transfrontalieri dal Paese ospitante § 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Court of Justice at Work: Comparative Law on Stage and Behind the Scenes
    Journal of Civil Law Studies Volume 13 Number 1 2020 Article 2 9-28-2020 The European Court of Justice at Work: Comparative Law on Stage and Behind the Scenes Michele Graziadei Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/jcls Part of the Civil Law Commons Repository Citation Michele Graziadei, The European Court of Justice at Work: Comparative Law on Stage and Behind the Scenes, 13 J. Civ. L. Stud. (2020) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/jcls/vol13/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Civil Law Studies by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE AT WORK: COMPARATIVE LAW ON STAGE AND BEHIND THE SCENES Michele Graziadei∗ I. Introduction ................................................................................. 2 II. Multilingualism, Translation, and Interpretation at the ECJ ...... 6 III. Comparative Law and the Search for Shared Meaning in European Law ............................................................................ 8 IV. The Keywords, the Concepts, the General Principles ............ 11 V. The Extraterritorial Reach of EU Law and the Comparison of Different Laws ......................................................................... 16 VI. The Transatlantic Dimensions of the Comparative Exercise . 19 VII. EU Law and the Extracontractual Liability of the European Institutions ................................................................................ 26 VIII. The “Constitutional Traditions Common to the Member States” as an Invitation to Comparative Law ........................... 28 ABSTRACT The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has often been hailed as an engine of European integration. Entrusted with the task of secur- ing the uniform interpretation of the law of the European Union— among other functions—the ECJ makes use of comparative law for a variety of purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights Due Diligence Legislation
    BRIEFINGS Requested by the DROI subcommittee Human Rights Due Diligence Legislation - Options for the EU © Shutterstock Policy Department for External Relations Directorate General for External Policies of the Union PE 603.495 - June 2020 EN DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT BRIEFINGS Human Rights Due Diligence Legislation - Options for the EU ABSTRACT The European Parliament (EP) has repeatedly underlined the need for stronger European requirements for companies to prevent human rights abuses and environmental harm and to provide access to remedies for victims. The debate — both in the EU institutions and in several Member States — has intensified surrounding due diligence obligations for companies throughout the supply chain. In this context, the EP Human Rights Subcommittee (DROI) requested two briefings on specific human rights related issues it should consider while preparing its position. The first briefing in this compilation addresses substantive elements, such as the type and scope of human rights violations to be covered, as well as the type of companies that could be subject to a future EU regulation. The second briefing discusses options for monitoring and enforcement of due diligence obligations, as well as different ways to ensure access to justice for victims of human rights abuses. The briefings offer a concise overview and concrete recommendations, contributing to the ongoing debate and taking into account the research undertaken on behalf of the European Commission. EP/EXPO/DROI/FWC/2019-01/LOT6/1/C/05 EN June 2020 - PE 603.495 © European Union, 2020 Policy Department, Directorate-General for External Policies This paper was requested by the European Parliament's subcommittee on Human rights English-language manuscript was completed on 24 April 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • NY Business Law Journal ([email protected])
    NYSBA SUMMER 2010 | VOL. 14 | NO. 1 NNYY BBusinessusiness LLawaw JJournalournal A publication of the Business Law Section of the New York State Bar Association Inside HeadNotes 5 (David L. Glass) Credit Rating Agencies: Their Role in the Financial Crisis and the Regulatory Price That They Must Now Pay 7 (Paul C. Roberts) Mortgage Broker Duties Under New York Law— Are Brokers Fiduciaries? 14 (Mordy Gross) Web Site Rights and Wrongs: Key Legal Issues in the Creation and Operation of Web Sites 22 (Jessica R. Friedman) Employment Law Update 32 (James R. Grasso) Inside the Courts: An Update on Securities Litigation 35 (Jay B. Kasner, Matthew J. Matule, Edward B. Micheletti and Peter B. Morrison) Caveat Corporate Litigator: The First Circuit Sets Back the Attorney Work Product Doctrine 46 (C. Evan Stewart) The Pendulum Begins to Swing Back: Kohen v. PIMCO 49 (David Pepper) Towards a More Consolidated Universe: Why and How Regulation Must Promote Essentially Inevitable Cross-Border Exchange Mergers 61 (Arielle L. Katzman) SEC Initiatives to Make the U.S. Capital Markets More Attractive to Foreign Private Issuers 81 (Guy P. Lander) Committee Reports 86 New York State Bar Association Business Law Section ANNUAL STUDENT WRITING COMPETITION The Business Law Section sponsors an annual Student Writing Competition, open to all students who are candidates for the J.D. or LL.M. degree at an ac- credited law school during the year in which the article is submitted. The stu- dent articles submitted in a given year that are judged fi rst and second best, provided they are of publishable quality and otherwise meet the criteria of the Competition, will receive cash prizes of $1,500 and $1,000, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Equal Treatment Bench Book 2013 Contents
    Equal Treatment Bench Book 2013 Equal Treatment Bench Book 2013 Contents In this document In this document you will find the separate pieces of guidance on equality and diversity brought together for ease of reading. However, it is not a single document in reality and will be updated regularly. The Legal Framework – including the Equality Act 2010 General judgecraft principles Social exclusion and poverty Litigants in Person Age, including children and vulnerable adults Physical disability Mental disability, including mental illness Gender reassignment Race, including interpreters and travellers Religion or belief Gender Sexual orientation 2 Equality Act 2010 1. Equality Act 2010 Key points The statutory torts prohibiting discrimination and related conduct are now codified in the Equality Act 2010 which is now in force. The Equality Act 2010 sets out a clear framework for all forms of discrimination – both direct and indirect discrimination and victimisation and harassment. In addition there are obligations to make reasonable adjustments for disabled people and disabled people have the right not to be treated unfavourably because of something arising in consequence of their disability, unless it can be justified. The Equality Act 2010 encompasses the range of intrinsic aspects of human dignity, known as protected characteristics: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. The contexts in which discrimination and other conduct is prohibited by reference to a protected characteristic is also set out comprehensively in the Equality Act 2010 – from housing, to education, employment and services and public functions. Consideration of equality issues are also brought into the heart of public sector decision making processes by the Public Sector Equality Duty which seeks to tackle institutionalised discrimination that can be hard to challenge through individual rights based litigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Regulations
    European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Improving compliance with occupational safety and health regulations: an overarching review European Risk Observatory Literature review Improving compliance with occupational safety and health regulations: an overarching review – Literature review Authors: David Walters, Scientific Project Leader, Emeritus Professor, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom Richard Johnstone, Professor, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Elizabeth Bluff, Visiting Fellow, School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), Australian National University Hans Jørgen Limborg, Project Manager, Research Director, TeamArbejdsliv, and Adjunct Professor, Roskilde University, Denmark Ulrik Gensby, Senior Researcher, TeamArbejdsliv, Denmark, and Adjunct Scientist, Institute for Work and Health, Canada Project Management: Dietmar Elsler, Annick Starren, Lothar Lieck, Malgorzata Milczarek, Ioannis Anyfantis, William Cockburn, European Agency for Safety and Health at Work This report was commissioned by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of EU-OSHA. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Cataloguing data can be found on the cover of this publication. © European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2021 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • A New UK/EU Relationship in Financial Services
    CMS_LawTax_CMYK_28-100.eps A new UK/EU relationship in financial services A bilateral regulatory partnership April 2017 The Authors Shanker Singham Shanker Singham is Director of Economic Policy and competition policy. He is a frequent contributor on trade Prosperity Studies at the Legatum Institute. He is also a issues to major news outlets. Singham has begun work trade and competition lawyer as well as an author and on identifying and quantifying anti-competitive market adviser to governments and companies. He holds an distortions and how to create the preconditions M.A. in chemistry from Balliol College, Oxford University necessary for wealth creation, competitiveness, and and postgraduate legal degrees in both the UK and US. productivity. He is currently the CEO and Chair of the He has lectured, written and spoken extensively, Competere Group, the Enterprise City development including more than one hundred articles and book company incubated at Babson College. He is based chapters and the leading textbook on trade and in London. 2 Paul Edmondson Victoria Hewson Paul Edmondson is the Head of the CMS Financial Victoria Hewson is a senior associate at CMS, Services & Products team. He has over 20 years’ currently seconded to act as counsel to the Legatum experience advising financial institutions on a range of Institute Special Trade Commission. In practice, regulatory and commercial issues. Clients include banks, she advises banks and financial institutions on insurance companies, investment managers, insurance technology, outsourcing and fintech. She has an LLB intermediaries, managing agents, broker-dealers and from University College London. Before becoming a platforms, as well as the large corporate/pension fund lawyer, she worked for Procter & Gamble in Frankfurt clients of these institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Establishment of a Cross-Border Legal Practice in the European Union Florence R
    Boston College International and Comparative Law Review Volume 20 | Issue 2 Article 7 8-1-1997 The Establishment of a Cross-Border Legal Practice in the European Union Florence R. Liu Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr Part of the European Law Commons Recommended Citation Florence R. Liu, The Establishment of a Cross-Border Legal Practice in the European Union, 20 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 369 (1997), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol20/iss2/7 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Establishment of a Cross-Border Legal Practice in the European Union INTRODUCTION Traditionally, lawyers practice law in the country where they com­ pleted their legal studies. This practice, though still present, is slowly changing in the European Union (EU),! as greater economic integra­ tion leads to the greater mobility of lawyers.2 EU lawyers benefit from this increased mobility, as they may practice law in a country that is a member of the EU (Member State) in addition to the one where they obtained their legal education and license.3 In practice, this mobility is difficult to achieve because it requires a harmonization of legal standards among countries with different legal systems. 4 The EU's attempts
    [Show full text]