Naming and Narrating” Transferts Critiques Et Dynamiques Des Savoirs N° 1, 2014 Table De Matières

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Naming and Narrating” Transferts Critiques Et Dynamiques Des Savoirs N° 1, 2014 Table De Matières “Naming and Narrating” Transferts critiques et dynamiques des savoirs N° 1, 2014 Table de matières Introduction 3 Yves Abrioux et Lori Maguire Naming Speaker’s Gender Identification: On the Influence of Mean f0 and Intonation in American English and French Listeners 6 Erwan Pepiot Paris ou Paris ou quand le littéraire fraye avec la botanique 19 Andrée-Anne Kekeh The Dream Comes by the Road: A Note on Botanical Nomenclature and Literature 30 Peter Behrman de Sinéty Labelling Wars, Implications and Consequences 34 Beatrice Heuser GWOT, the Global War on Terror – Gee, What’s in a Name 43 Lori Maguire Narrating Voix autres : transsexualisme et transfiguration 53 Claire Gillie De l’emprunte à l’empreinte vocale : traversées et chemins de traverse de la voix 82 Claire Gillie Voix et orthophonie : ou prendre la peine de n’en point prendre 105 Claire Pillot-Loiseau Transferts critiques et dynamiques des savoirs La voix en pilotage automatique : Maintenir la voix sur une trajectoire et avec une vitesse préétablies avec le logiciel RTCOMP pour les besoins de la correction phonétique 113 Roussi Nikolov et Malina Ditcheva French Perspectives on Digital Humanities 121 Yan Brailowsky Meaning Construction in Digital Environments: Turner’s Virtual Gallery 137 Séverine Letalleur-Sommer Diplomacy in the Age of Digital Communications 155 Nicolas de la Grandville, Beatrice Heuser, Richard Jones, Lori Maguire, Paul Patin, Raphaël Ricaud 2 “Naming and Narrating” 2014 Introduction Yves ABRIOUX et Lori MAGUIRE Au cours de l’année universitaire 2011-2012, l’unité de recherche EA 1569 « Transferts critiques et dynamiques des savoirs (domaine anglophone) » a développé une réflexion sur le thème de Naming and Narrating dans le but d’explorer ce qui fait la spécificité de ses différentes composantes : littérature, linguistique et histoire/politique, mais aussi et surtout ce qui est susceptible de les rapprocher. Le travail débuta en novembre 2011 avec un colloque collectif intitulé « Etats critiques et transitions disciplinaires », préparé sous la direction d’Yves Abrioux, directeur de l’EA 1569, assisté de Lori Maguire pour l’organisation de la manifestation et le suivi scientifique. Cette première étape fut suivie de trois demi-journées d’études, chacune organisée par un des axes de l’unité. La première demi-journée : « Labelling : Langue et politique, politique des mots », se déroula en janvier 2012. Elle prit pour objet l’histoire et la politique. Puis ce fut au tour de la littérature en mars 2012, avec « Le savoir botanique en question : approches pluridisciplinaires de My Garden (Book): de Jamaica Kincaid ». Enfin, la dernière demi-journée fut organisée en mai 2012 par les linguistes, sur le thème : « Changements de voix : approches, didactique, orthophonique et analytique ». La présente publication reprend la majorité des communications présentées lors de ces différents événements scientifiques. Elle est divisée en deux parties dont chacune commence par examiner les cas les plus personnels, voire intimes, avant de se tourner vers le domaine public. Nous avons choisi l’intitulé Naming pour la première section. La dénomination est une dimension fondamentale du langage et donc de notre compréhension du monde. Une des façons les plus élémentaires de nommer passe par l’identification de la qualité genrée d’une voix. Erwan Pepiot présente les résultats de ses expériences sur cette question dans “Speaker’s Gender Identification: On the Influence of Mean f0 and Intonation in American English and French Listeners”. Il est ensuite question de littérature et de l’utilisation qui y est faite de termes botaniques. Dans « Paris ou Paris ou quand le littéraire fraye avec la botanique » Andrée-Anne Kekeh étudie la façon dont laquelle la romancière américaine d’origine antillaise Jamaica Kincaid emprunte et détourne les noms des plantes pour repenser son rapport à l’écriture et à l’histoire. Dans “The Dream Comes by the Road : A Note on Botanical Nomenclature and Literature” Peter Behrman de Sinéty analyse la relation entre 3 Transferts critiques et dynamiques des savoirs botanique et poésie. Enfin, le domaine public est abordé dans deux textes étudiant l’un et l’autre les implications de la nomenclature en politique. « Labelling Wars, Implications and Consequences » de Beatrice Heuser examine les termes utilisés par les gouvernements pour décrire une guerre. Lori Maguire analyse le cas spécifique du gouvernement Bush et de la guerre d’Irak dans « GWOT, the Global War on Terror – Gee, What’s in a Name ». La seconde partie du recueil : Narrating, examine le processus de mise en récit. Il ne suffit pas de nommer un objet, encore faut-il le décrire et le raconter. La voix joue évidemment un rôle clé ici. Plusieurs articles se penchent sur cet élément de notre identité. L’échelle la plus personnelle vient encore une fois en premier, avec « Voix autres : transsexualisme et transfiguration » où la psychanalyste Claire Gillie explore ce qui fait souvent de la voix le dernier bastion qui résiste à la réassignation sexuelle. La réflexion sur la voix se poursuit au fil des trois contributions suivantes : « De l’emprunte à l’empreinte vocale : traversées et chemins de traverse de la voix » de Claire Gillie, « Voix et orthophonie : ou prendre la peine de n’en point prendre » de Claire Pillot-Loiseau et « La voix en pilotage automatique : Maintenir la voix sur une trajectoire et avec une vitesse préétablies avec le logiciel RTCOMP pour les besoins de la correction phonétique » de Roussi Nikolov et Malina Ditcheva. Puis Yan Brailowsky aborde, dans « French Perspectives on Digital Humanities », un domaine plus public de la narration. L’exploration de l’impact des nouveaux medias sur le processus de la narration se poursuit dans l’article de Séverine Letalleur-Sommer sur la présentation des tableaux de J.M.W. Turner au musée Tate Britain de Londres : « Meaning Construction in Digital Environments : Turner’s Virtual Gallery ». Le recueil s’achève sur la version écrite d’une table ronde : « Diplomacy in the Age of Digital Communications », qui a réuni des diplomates (Richard Jones, Paul Patin et Nicolas de la Grandville) et des universitaires (Beatrice Heuser, Lori Maguire et Raphael Ricaud). La diplomatie est une des voies principales utilisées par un pays pour projeter son image et influencer la perception de son action à l’étranger. Quel est l’impact des nouveaux médias sur la construction narrative d’une identité nationale ? Outre la volonté de témoigner de la cohérence des activités d’une unité de recherche multidisciplinaire qui, en 2011-2012, s’approchait de la fin d’un contrat quinquennal, la série de textes présentée ici a pour ambition de montrer à quel point la recherche sur une aire linguistique spécifique, en l’occurrence le domaine anglophone, est apte à soulever des questions intéressant les sciences humaines dans leur ensemble, tous domaines linguistiques confondus. 4 “Naming and Narrating” 2014 Nous tenons à remercier chacun des auteurs ainsi que les organisateurs des ateliers dont fut constitué le colloque de novembre 2011 puis des trois journées d’études. Nous remercions tout particulièrement Andrée-Anne Kekeh, Jean-Yves Dommergues et Arnaud Regnauld qui ont rassemblé les textes pour publication. Nous souhaitons aussi remercier l’équipe de la bibliothèque universitaire de Paris 8 et en particulier Catherine Dufour qui a pris en charge la publication de ce recueil de travaux de recherche. Fatima Maazouzi Benali a relu et mis en forme (sous la direction de Lori Maguire) l’ensemble des textes en vue de leur mise en ligne. Qu’elle en soit remerciée. 5 Transferts critiques et dynamiques des savoirs Speaker’s Gender Identification: On the Influence of Mean F0 and Intonation in American English and French Listeners Erwan PEPIOT [email protected] Maître de conférences – Université Paris 8 Domaines de recherche : Différences acoustiques entre les voix de femmes et d’hommes, identification du genre par la voix et conséquences psycholinguistiques de ces différences inter- genres, chez les locuteurs anglophones américains et francophones parisiens; Syllabation chez les locuteurs bilingues anglais L1 / français L2 et français L1 / anglais L2. Trois publications récentes : Pépiot, E. (accepté). “Male and female speech: a study of mean f0, f0 range, phonation type and speech rate in Parisian French and American English speakers”. Speech Prosody 2014; Pépiot, E. 2012. « Les temps de traitement des voix de femmes et d’hommes sont- ils équivalents? » Actes des JEP-TALN-RECITAL 2012, Vol.1, 153-160; et Pépiot, E. 2011. « Voix de femmes, voix d’hommes : à propos de l’identification du genre par la voix chez des auditeurs anglophones et francophones ». Plovdiv University “Paissii Hilendarski”, Scientific Works – Philology, Vol. 49, Book 1, 418-430 . Abstract: This experimental study investigated the role played by mean f0 and intonation in speech-based gender identification. A perceptual experiment was jointly conducted on French (n=32) and American English listeners (n=16). Sentences produced by female and male speakers were presented to the listeners in four different conditions: natural voices, mean f0 resynthesized at 169 Hz for both females and males with preserved intonation, flat f0 at 169 Hz for both genders, mean f0 at 209 Hz for males and 129 Hz for females while preserving intonation. Their task was to identify the speaker’s gender (female or male) and provide a degree of certainty. Results showed that intonation was an important clue for French listeners but not for American English participants, who appeared to be more sensitive to mean f0. This suggests that one’s native language plays a role in the strategies adopted to identify the speakers' gender from speech. These strategies may therefore be socially constructed. Keywords: phonetics, gender identification from speech, female voices, male voices, fundamental frequency, intonation, American English speakers, French speakers, cross-language differences. 6 “Naming and Narrating” 2014 1. Introduction Mean fundamental frequency (or mean f0), an acoustic measurement corresponding to voice pitch, is generally considered as the main difference between female and male voices.
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