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Cascacentre for Anthropoligical Studies on Central Asia [Eds Peter Finke and Günther Schlee]

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Cascacentre for Anthropoligical Studies on Central Asia [Eds Peter Finke and Günther Schlee] CASCACENTRE FOR ANTHROPOLIGICAL STUDIES ON CENTRAL ASIA [Eds Peter Finke and Günther Schlee] FRAMING THE RESEARCH, INITIAL PROJECTS HALLE (SAALE) 2013 MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY DEPartment ‘IntegraTION AND CONFLICt’ FIELD NOTES AND RESEARCH PROJECTS VI In the FIELD NOTES AND RESEARCH PROJECTS Series the following titles have been published so far: (I) Schlee, Günther (ed.): Pastoralism in Interaction with other Forms of Land Use in the Blue Nile Area of the Sudan: Project Outline and Field Notes 2009–10 (Halle, 2012) (II) Schlee, Isir, Beleysa Hambule, and Günther Schlee: The Moiety Division and the Problem of Rendille Unity: A Discussion among Elders, Korr, 21st January, 2008 (Halle, 2012) (III) Awad Alkarim and Günther Schlee (eds): Pastoralism in Interaction with other Forms of Land Use in the Blue Nile Area of the Sudan II: Herbarium and Plant Diversity in the Blue Nile Area, Sudan (Halle, 2013) (IV) Lenart, Severin: The Complexity of the Moment – Picturing an Ethnographic Project in South Africa and Swaziland: Vol. I: Photo Essays and Fieldwork Reports, 2007–11 (Halle, 2013) (V) Lenart, Severin: The Complexity of the Moment – Picturing an Ethnographic Project in South Africa and Swaziland: Vol. II: Photo Essays and Court Cases, 2007–11 (Halle, 2013) (VI) Finke, Peter, and Günther Schlee (eds): CASCA – Centre for Anthropological Studies on Central Asia: Framing the Research, Initial Projects (Halle, 2013) For teaching purposes, selected volumes are available as online PDFs under www.eth.mpg.de/dept_schlee_series_fieldnotes/index.html MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY DEPARTMent ‘IntegraTION AND CONFLICT’ FIELD NOTES AND RESEARCH PROJECTS VI CASCA – Centre for Anthropological Studies on Central Asia: Framing the Research, Initial Projects Published by Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle (Saale) P. O. Box 11 03 51 D - 06017 Halle /Saale (Germany) 9270 2׀0345׀Phone 49 http://www.eth.mpg.de ISSN 2193-987X Eds.: Peter Finke/Günther Schlee Ass. by: Viktoria Zeng/Robert Dobslaw Cover Photo: Celebration of 70th Anniversary of Stud farm, Mongul-Kürö, Xinjiang, 2012 © A. Alymbaeva Backside Photo: Navruz Ceremony in Dushanbe, 2011 © M. M. Biczyk Printed 2013 by Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle (Saale) © 2013 Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology TABLE OF CONTENTS Series Editor’s Preface ................................................................................ iv Introduction .................................................................................................. v A COMPARATIVE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Patterns of Identification and Ethnic Differentiation in Central Asia: the case of the Uzbeks (Peter Finke) ............................................................ 1 Fulbe and Uzbeks Compared (Günther Schlee with Martine Guichard) .... 25 CURRENT PROJECTS Contested Identity of ­Kalmaks in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan (Aida Aaly Alymbaeva) ............................................................................. 63 The Re-Negotiation of Local Identity under Global Influences: the case of Tajikistan’s Pamir communities (Małgorzata Maria Biczyk) ....... 71 The Kazak Oralman: comparing migratory decisions, integration patterns and transnational ties in three different settings (Tabea Buri and Peter Finke) ..................................................................... 75 “Moscow Was Not Built at Once”: on how squatter settlement residents in Bishkek organize their life (Eliza Isabaeva) ........................ 85 Cultural Adaptation of ­Dungan Migrant Communities in the Multi-Ethnic Context of Kazakstan (Soledad Jiménez Tovar) .................. 93 Khoja in Kazakstan: identity transformations (Azim Malikov) .............. 101 Those Left-Behind: mobility and immobility in the Tajik countryside (Meltem Sancak) ...................................................................................... 109 Disputing Amidst Uncertainty: procedures of dispute management in ‘post-war’ times – disputing parties’ accounts, Bamyan/Afghanistan (Friederike Stahlmann) .............................................................................117 Pastoralism in Western M ongolia: current challenges and coping strategies (Linda Tubach and Peter Finke) ................................... 123 Index ......................................................................................................... 133 Book Publications .................................................................................... 139 SERIES EDITor’s PreFACE (GÜNTHER SCHLEE) ABOUT THE SERIES This series of Field Notes and Research Projects does not aim to compete with high-impact, peer reviewed books and journal articles, which are the main am bition of scholars seeking to publish their research. Rather, contribu- tions to this series complement such publications. They serve a number of different purposes. In recent decades, anthropological publications have often been purely dis- cursive – that is, they have consisted only of words. Often, pictures, tables, and maps have not found their way into them. In this series, we want to devote more space to visual aspects of our data. Data are often referred to in publications without being presented systematically. Here, we want to make the paths we take in proceeding from data to conclusions more transparent by devoting sufficient space to the documentation of data. In addition to facilitating critical evaluation of our work by members of the scholarly community, stimulating comparative research within the institute and beyond, and providing citable references for books and articles in which only a limited amount of data can be presented, these volumes serve an important func- tion in retaining connections to field sites and in maintaining the involvement of the people living there in the research process. Those who have helped us to collect data and provided us with information can be given these books and booklets as small tokens of our gratitude and as tangible evidence of their cooperation with us. When the results of our research are sown in the field, new discussions and fresh perspectives might sprout. Especially in their electronic form, these volumes can also be used in the production of power points for teaching; and, as they are open-access and free of charge, they can serve an important public outreach function by arousing interest in our research among members of a wider audience. iv Series Editor's Preface INTRODUCTION (PETER FINKE AND GÜNTHER SCHLEE) CASCA Centre for Anthropological Studies on Central Asia This is the first joint production of CASCA, the Centre for Anthropological Studies on Central Asia. CASCA was established in 2012 by the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Department Integration and Conflict, in Halle and the Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Zurich, to create a forum of distinguished anthropological engagement with the region. But in many ways the history of CASCA goes much further back. With the foundation of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in 1999, Günther Schlee, director of the Department Integration and Conflict, decided to make Central Asia one of the three regional foci of his research program, besides Western and Eastern Africa. The reasons for this are partly outlined in his contribution to this volume on ‘Fulbe and Uzbeks Compared’. Among the first to take up work on Central Asia at the Institute were Peter Finke and Meltem Sancak, both also present in this volume. A few years later this regional focus was institutionalised as a Research Group on Central Asia within the Department Integration and Conflict, headed by Peter Finke. This collaboration has continued ever since his move to Zurich in 2006 where he established a chair for social anthropology again with Central Asia as the main, though not exclusive regional focus. We use the term Central Asia in a rather broad way including the former Soviet Republics of Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, the Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, as well as the Mongolian and Tibetan-speaking areas occasionally labelled as Inner Asia. Research is equally conducted in adjacent regions in northern Afghanistan and Iran or southern Siberia as well as among the new and old diasporas of Central Asians living in places like Moscow or Istanbul. This gives credit to the many similarities in geographical, historical and cultural terms that have shaped the life of people in the region, including a continental and arid climate, an economy traditionally based on irrigated agriculture, pastoral nomadism and trade as well as parallels in social organisation and religious practices. As a crossroad between various parts of the Eurasian continent, Central Asia has always been a source as well as a destination of cultural and political influ- ences far beyond its boundaries. Once a cradle of world empires like the vari- ous Turkic and Mongolian statehoods it later became a colonial backwater subdued to Russian and Chinese dominance before taking part in one of the largest human experiments, the creation of socialist systems and their more recent reversals. CASCA v In academia as well as in public Central Asia is still a little known part of the world. This is particularly true for empirical disciplines like anthropology because access for research was highly limited during the socialist period and, in many parts, beyond. This has changed to some degree in recent years and a number of studies
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