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Home , Canada (New France), Canadian identity, History of Canada

Grade 11 History of

How has Canada’s history shaped the Canada of today?

Beginnings 1763 1867 1931 1982 Present

First Peoples and British Becoming a Achievements and Defining Nouvelle- Sovereign Nation Challenges Contemporary Canada

(before 1763) (1763 – 1867) (1867 – 1931) (1931 – 1982) (1982 – Present)

1.0: What is history, 2.1: How did British 3.1: Why did the Métis 4.1: How did Canada 5.1: How has Canada and why do we study it? colonial rule change resist the westward seek to establish been shaped by the during this period, and expansion of Canada, economic security and Canadian Charter of what was its impact on and what were the social justice from the Rights and Freedoms, life in North America? consequences? period of the cultural diversity, and Depression to the demographic and 1.1: Who were the of the technological change? First Peoples, and how Constitution? did they structure their world? 2.2: How did the fur 3.2: How did territorial trade, European expansion, immigration, settlement, and the rise and industrialization 5.2: How has the of the Métis nation change life for men and 4.2: How did the question of national transform life for the women in Canada? establishment of unity influenced 1.2: Why did the peoples of the national institutions federalism, French and other Northwest? contribute to defining constitutional debate, Europeans come to ? and political change? North America, and how did they interact with 3.3: How did Canada’s First Peoples? relationship with First 2.3: Why and how Nations, Métis, and was the of peoples change after 4.3: How was 5.3: How are First Canada established Confederation? Canada’s presence on Nations, Métis, and as a confederation the world stage shaped Inuit peoples seeking 1.3: How did of British colonies by its role in the Second a greater degree of First Peoples and in 1867? World War and its cultural, political, and Europeans interact in growing participation in economic the Northwest, and 3.4: How was the international self-determination? what were the results? Canada’s identity as a community? nation shaped by the First World War and by its changing relationship to Great Britain and the 5.4: How have world? 4.4: How was Canada’s international Canadian federalism relations changed since challenged by federal- 1982, and what should provincial tensions and its global commitments the debate over the be for the future? status of Québec?

1 Grade 11

How has Canada’s history shaped the Canada of today?

History as a Discipline of Study

Historical Thinking Concepts

As students acquire historical knowledge and understanding, they are able to do the following:

1. Establish historical significance 4. Analyze cause and consequence

2. Use primary source evidence 5. Take historical perspectives

3. Identify continuity and change 6. Understand ethical dimensions of history

Skills to Support Historical Thinking

• Formulate and clarify questions • Compare diverse perspectives to guide historical inquiry and conflicting accounts of the • Select and identify diverse past primary and secondary sources • Identify underlying values in of information historical sources and accounts • Consider the purpose and validity • Construct and communicate of historical sources historical narratives, • Interpret, analyze, and record explanations, arguments, or information from primary and other interpretations of the past secondary sources using a variety of media

Adapted from the work of Dr. Peter Seixas, University of . www.historybenchmarks.ca

2 Grade 11 History of Canada How has Canada’s history shaped the Canada of today?

Core Concept of Citizenship

The study of History of Canada contributes to active democratic citizenship by supporting the following:

1. Interest in and knowledge of the past and the 4. Acquisition of an informed sense of Canadian ability to think historically identity within a global context 2. Informed engagement in civic discourse and 5. Commitment to the future of Canada the democratic process 3. Commitment to the principles and ideals of democracy and human rights

Enduring Understandings Students acquire historical knowledge, develop historical thinking, and attain the following enduring understandings.

First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples

1. , Métis, and Inuit peoples play an 4. The relationship between First Nations, Métis, ongoing role in shaping Canadian history and and Inuit peoples and non-Aboriginal peoples identity. moved from autonomous coexistence to to the present stage of 2. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples have renegotiation and renewal. a long history in North America, and their diverse and complex cultures continue to 5. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples adapt to changing conditions. have achieved constitutional recognition of their unique status as Aboriginal peoples 3. The oral traditions of First Nations, Métis, in Canada, along with recognition and and Inuit peoples teach the importance of affirmation of their existing Aboriginal and maintaining a balance among the emotional, treaty rights. physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of life.

French-English Duality

1. Canadian institutions and culture reflect 4. British cultural traditions and political Canada’s history as a former colony of institutions have played a role in shaping France and of Britain. Canadian history and identity. 2. French-English duality is rooted in Canada’s 5. As a result of Québec’s unique identity history and is a constitutionally protected and history, its place in the Canadian element of Canadian society. confederation continues to be a subject of debate. 3. Nouvelle-France, Acadie, Québec and francophone communities across Canada 6. French-English relations play an ongoing have played a role in shaping Canadian role in the debate about majority-minority history and identity. responsibilities and rights of citizens in Canada.

3 Grade 11 History of Canada How has Canada’s history shaped the Canada of today?

Enduring Understandings Students acquire historical knowledge, develop historical thinking, and attain the following enduring understandings.

Identity, Diversity, and Citizenship

1. Canada’s history and identity have been 4. The history of Canadian citizenship is shaped by its vast and diverse land, its characterized by an ongoing struggle to northern location, and its abundant natural achieve equality and social justice for all. resources. 5. The meaning of citizenship has evolved over 2. Canadian identity, citizenship, and nationhood time, and the responsibilities, rights, and are subjects of ongoing debate in Canada’s freedoms of Canadian citizens are subject to pluralistic society. continuing debate. 3. Immigration has helped shape Canada’s history and continues to shape Canadian society and identity.

Governance and Economics

1. The history of governance in Canada is 3. The role of government and the division characterized by a transition from Indigenous of powers and responsibilities in Canada’s self-government through French and British federal system are subjects of ongoing colonial rule to a self-governing confederation negotiation. of and territories. 4. Canada’s history is shaped by economic 2. Canada’s is based on factors such as natural resources, agricultural the rule of law, representative democracy, and industrial development, the environment, and . technology, and global economic interdependence.

Canada and the World

1. Canada continues to be influenced by issues 3. Since the beginning of the 20th century, of war and peace, international relations, and Canada has played an increasingly active global interactions. role in world affairs through trade and development, military engagement, and 2. Geographic, economic, cultural, and political participation in international organizations. links to the continue to be important factors in Canada’s development. 4. Global interdependence challenges to examine and redefine the responsibilities of citizenship.

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