The Koch Alphabet

DE, KOCHO KORO BAKNA , , ’ ’ ’ ’ LET’S SPEAK KOCH ,,

Koch into English and Assamese Phrase Book

Tura, 2009

DE, KOCHO KORO BAKNA , , ’ ’ ’ ’

LET’S SPEAK KOCH ,,

Koch into English and Assamese Phrasebook

Compiled and edited by:

Alexander Kondakov

Nirmal Koch

Tura, 2009

Published by: SIL International 2009

First edition

Price: Rs. 50 only

’ , ’ ’ , ’ ’ ।

: !-##- !!$ % , & % ' (

FOREWORD

What is it like to speak Koch? Would you like to have a taste of it? In that case, this book is for you.

Koch, or Kocho koro , is one of the languages spoken in northeast India. Just like other living languages it has its own phonological, lexical and grammatical structures. It also has its own ancient yet undocumented history. Koch has common Tibeto-Burman roots and it is akin to several other languages of the area, such as Rabha, Garo, Boro and others. Due to a prolonged contact with the Indo-Aryan languages Koch has acquired certain features from those languages, especially with regard to its vocabulary. In spite of this fact the Koch language has preserved its distinct identity.

There is lack of written materials in Koch, and the language remains largely unstudied. This book makes an attempt to document a spoken varierty of Koch. It presents a living, day-to-day speech of the Koch people. The material contains phrases and sentences, questions and answers grouped into semantic themes. A wide variety of grammatical patterns have been elicited. In this way, the phrasebook not only teaches one how to speak Koch but also provides grammatical material for those desiring to analyse the language in a formal way. The material is organized into four columns: Koch presented both in the Roman and Assamese scripts, followed by English and Assamese translations. In this way, the book can be used by a wider range of readers. ii

Since it is the first edition the publication may contain some inaccuracies. Therefore any suggestions for improving this book are most welcome. In addition, there are significant dialectal variations within the Koch language itself. Thus, the speakers of different dialects may pronounce and so spell some of the words differently.

I would like to thank all those who helped to give this book its present shape. A young student from West Garo Hills district who wished to remain anonymous was instrumental in collecting the Koch material. I specially thank Mr. Nirmal Koch for his translation and editing work and Ms. Anjusri Phukan for reviewing the Assamese part of the phrasebook. Most of all, I thank God for sustaining me throughout this work and enabling me to serve the Koch community in the way of language development.

My goal is that readers will find this book interesting. What is more, I hope it will arouse interest in the hearts of those Koches who have already forgotten or do not speak the language of their ancestors anymore. Through reading and studying these pages may they feel in touch with their ethnic roots.

Alexander Kondakov Tura, 2009

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CONTENTS ) ( Hurang Sukni Niyomrong ...... 1 Spelling Rules ...... 3 Prothom koro bakni ...... 4 *% ’ ...... 4 Initial conversation ...... 4 *% % - + ...... 4 Koro...... 8 ’ ...... 8 Language ...... 8

...... 8 Sanggrawang lini ...... 10 ,- . ...... 10 Visiting a friend ...... 10

/ 012 1 3 4 ...... 10 Beyang uang ...... 14 ( . ...... 14 Whereabouts ...... 14 ’ ...... 14 Rekni ...... 15 ...... 15 Activities ...... 15 56 ...... 15 Lamni ...... 36 ...... 36 Hobbies / Leisure ...... 36 7.1 2 ...... 36 Lagini ...... 37

8 ...... 37 Need...... 37 28 ...... 37 Monnini ...... 38 ...... 38 Feelings ...... 38 7 ...... 38 Perayni ...... 42 ( ...... 42 Shopping ...... 42 9 1 ...... 42 Okot ...... 43 7 ...... 43 Time ...... 43

1( ...... 43 Liju-jumni ...... 47 9-9 ...... 47 Travel ...... 47 :; ...... 47 Mosom ...... 49 ...... 49 Weather ...... 49 ...... 49 Surir ...... 49 ...... 49 Health ...... 49 < =6 ...... 49 Police ...... 51

vii

...... 51 Police...... 51 > / ...... 51 Jõra rekni sobdo ...... 52 9 @A ...... 52 Joining Words ...... 52 5 8 B @A ...... 52 Jõray bakni ...... 60 9 ( ...... 60 Compound sentences ...... 60 C 6 ...... 60 Biseson ...... 62 2@; ...... 62 Adjectives ...... 62

viii

2@; ...... 62 Sorbonam aro kriya biseson ...... 63 1 D &( 2@; ...... 63 Pronouns and Adverbs ...... 63 1 D &( 2@; ...... 63 Uposobdo (Assamese) ...... 65 @A (71>( ) ...... 65 Classifiers (Assamse) ...... 65 @A (71>( ) ...... 65 Uposobdo (Koch) ...... 66 @A ( ) ...... 66 Classifiers (Koch) ...... 66 @A ( ) ...... 66

’ ’ ; The Koch Alphabet

< ; Vowels

7 7G H O o A a Ã ã I i U u E e Õ õ

6I ; Consonants

8 ' K k Kh kh G g Gh gh Ng ng 9 J - Ch ch S s J j Jh jh - % K T t Th th D d Dh dh N n x

L P p Ph ph B b Bh bh M m ( . Y y R r L l W w H h

K Borrowed symbols

M N O P Q I i U u Ri ri Oi oi Ou ou

R S T U ; V 5 T t Th th D d Dh dh N n Ñ ñ J j 3 @ 1 TW UW - Kh kh S s S s S s R r R r - xi

2 L Other symbols

’ 4 ◌Y : ◌ ◌Z । ’ / o t ng h .

xii

) ( Hurang Sukni Niyomrong

1. H ) < ; 9 9( 2 । ) ’ ’ 9 2( 92 82 7G ã ) 9। Ei pidan hurang sworbornona bebohar rekjok jiya Assamese akhore maka. Ui hurango kunu Assamese aro Ingraji lipiye manchani jone gesek 7G7G7G ã bakimung hurang sukni dongjok, jingka: GG chãlpãk ‘life’ 2. < ; ’ 2 o [ ) ’ 2. \ 92 82 o . 2( tilde (~) ’ 9। Assamese sworbornoni aro Roman akhoreni o bakimung ringa kintu ui hurango nini korowe dui rokhom mana jone gesek o uani piraye tilde (~) dako ning bebohar rekni dongjok, jingka: taõ ‘hot’ 2 litõ ‘is going’ 3. Glottal stop [ ʔ] 82 ) 9( 2. . . 2 apostrophe (’) ’ . glottal stop ) ’ 9। ’ 9 ’ o ] ; ’। Glottal stop [ ʔ] bakimung gesek hurang mana jiya nini korowe towa uani bade ning apostrophe (’) chino haõwimung glottal stop hurango sukni dongjok. Aro ji kunu akhorani pa’asang tongnang akhora o bakimung uccharon do’a, jingka: 1

’. ma’wa ‘boy’ ’ koro ‘language’ 4. 7 < ◌Y◌Y◌Y ’ . ) 82 2 ’ 2. 82 9। Anuswor ◌Y◌Y◌Y aro uani huranga gesekan bade Kocho korowe gesetsan sukjok, jingka: pangan ‘many’ song ‘village’ 5. ’ ((( ) ’ ’ . ) ) 92 ’ ((( 92( ’ @ 9। aro ((( hurango nini Kocho korowani hukangang hurang manchani jone aro ((( majiye aro sesang sukni dongjok.

6. Prohibitive particle ’ main verb-H 92( hyphen (-) ’ . । Prohibitive particle ta aro main verb-eni majiye hyphen (-) chino haõwa: - ta-rek ‘don’t do’ - ( ta-alay ‘don’t hang (it)’ 7. Echo constructions ) 2 ’ hyphen (-) ’ . । Echo constructions hurangebo hyphen (-) chino haõwa: - hecha-pecha ‘ugly’

Spelling Rules 1. Vowel ã 7G7G7G as in chãlpãk GG ‘life’ has no equivalent in English or Assamese. 2. The Assamese vowel is represented in the Roman transliteration of Koch by an o with a tilde ( ~) above, as in taõ ‘hot’. 3. Glottal stop [ʔ] is a sound of short interruption in the throat. It is common in many languages, though not always indicated. In Koch, apostrophe (’) is used to show glottal stop, as in ma’wa ’. ‘boy’. It usually occurs after vowels in word-medial position. In the Assamese transliteration the same apostrophe also indicates an inherent vowel 7 o word finally which is otherwise not pronounced, as in koro ’ ‘language’. 4. The Assamese both anuswar ◌Y◌Y◌Y and denote the same sound similar to English ‘ng’. Therefore, for the sake of convenience only one symbol, i.e. is selected to represent it in all positions in the word. 5. Nasal sound ‘ ng ’ / does not occur word initially in Koch. ((( does not occur word initially in the Assamese representation. 6. Prohibitive particle ta is separated from the main verb by a hyphen ( -) as in ta-rek - ‘don’t do’. 7. Echo constructions also contain a hyphen as in: hecha-pecha - ‘ugly’. 3

KOCH ENGLISH 71>(

Prothom koro Initial *% % % ---- + + bakni *% ’’ conversation Pelem monop! 2 ! Good morning! 1* । Nani ata mung? ? What’s your name? 2 / ? Ani mung Rajiv. 7 9>.। My name is Rajiv. 9>.। Nang Kocho? ’? Are you Koch? / ? He. । Yes. (। Dongcha. । No. (। Nang beyangni thaki ( % L` ? Where did you come ’ 2? phuitra? from? ’ ? Ang Tura thaki phuitra. % L` । I came from Tura. 2 । Nang bi songeni? 2 ? Which village are you / 8 ? from? Ang Joyphareni. 9(L 2 । I’m from Joyphar. 9(L । 4

Nang bini? ? Where are you from? / ’ ( )? Ang Russiayeni. ( 2( । I’m from Russia. ( । Besoman din / bosor / How long have you / nang Indiaye tongtra? a( 2( ` ? been in India? 2 / ? Ang Indiaye 2004 thaki a( 2( !!b % I’ve been in India since !!b tongtõ. 2 । 2004. 2 । Nana India bejat a( 9 How do you like India? 2 / lagiya? 8( ? 2 82? Ana India pelem a( 2 I like it. 82। lagiya. 8( । Nang tai be’e towa? ’H . ? Where do you live / H( ’ now? 2 / ? Ang Turaye towa. 2( . । I live in Tura. 2 । Ang ie’e towa. 2(’H . ? I live here. ( % 2 / 1 2 ।

Ang ue'e / uang towa. 2.’H / . . । I live there (prox.) / / 1G there (remote). 2 । Nani nok be'e? ’H? Where is your house? 2 / ' ’? Ani nok Chandmariye. c >2(। My house is in ' c । Chandmari. Nang ata kam reka? ? What work do you do? / 2 / ? Ang haluwa / master/ . / d / I am a farmer / teacher e / @3 / `। sattro. `। / student. Nang besoman (1 How old are you? (lit. 2 / (1 boyosni? What is your age?) ? Ang tiris bosorni. `@ (1 । I am 30 years old. `@ (1। Nang biya rekni? ( ? Are you married? ? He, ani michik towa , . ’ Yes, I have a wife and (, H8 > f> aro tinta sasa towa. R . । three children. D R ’ . > 2। 6

Nana bongimung 2 Nice to meet you. 2 8 pelem lagijok. 89। 2 । Ua / uju chang? . / 9 ? Who is he / she? / ? Ua nani dada? . ? Is he your elder 2( ? brother? Ua’a ani mama. . ’ । He is my uncle. । Uana nani jaten muka. . 9 2 । He looks like you. 2। Ua’a nani jaten. . ’ 9 2 । He is like you. । Rajivpa chani sasa? 9>. ? Who is Rajiv’s father? 9>. ? (Lit. Whose boy is Rajiv?) Rajivpa nini nokma- / 9>. - / The headman. (Lit. 9>. 8 UW ’ । gaõburani sasa. 8 । Rajiv is our headman’s son). Ia ata? ( ? What is this? H2R ? Ia pencil. ( g। This is a pencil. H2R g। Ua ata? . ? What is that? 12R ? Ua’a sandal. . ’ 2c। That is a slipper. 125 2c। Ua’a chani sandal? . ’ 2c? Whose slipper is that? 125 2c? 7

Ua’a nani? . ’ ? Is that yours? H2R 2 / ? Ua’a ani. . ’ । That is mine. 12R । Ua’a ani dongcha. . ’ । That is not mine. 12R (।

Koro ’ ’’’ Language Nang English / Kocho / ’ ’ Do you speak English / Y 9> / koro baka? ? Koch? ( ? He, ang baka. , । Yes, I do. (, । Ang bakcha. । No, I don’t. , । Akui-akuisa baka. - । I speak a little bit of 1 6 Koch. । Ang Kocho koro ’ ’ ( I want to learn Koch. @ sikayna lama. । 2 । Nang apani korowo .’ ? Do you love your own 9 lama? language? . ? Nang ringa? ? Do you understand? 9 . ?

Ang ringa. । I understand. 9 । Ang ringcha. । I don’t understand. 9 । Nang ringjok? 9? Did you understand? 9 ? Uana bujay. . 9 । Explain to him. 9 ( । Ang ringjok. 9। Yes, I understood. (, 9 2 । Ang ringchajok. 9। I didn’t understand. 9 . 2 । Akuisa-akuisa. - । A little bit. 7 7 / 1 6। Ang elase Kocho koro H 2 ’ ’ I’m learning the Koch H( sikaytõ. (2 । language now. @ 2 । Nang tamten 2 2 You speak very well. h ’ pelemsaka baka. । । Khali ning Kocho koro > ’ ’ We will speak only . bakna. । Koch. ’। De, Kocho koro bak. , ’ ’ । Let’s speak Koch. ’ , । Nang tara-tarika baka. - । You speak fast. h . । Astika bak. d । Speak slowly. 2- 2 . । Tara-tari(ka) bak. - ( ) । Speak fast. h . ।

Io’o Kocho koro diya (’ ’ ’ ( How do you say it in H2R ata baka? ? Koch? (? Ata bakjok? 9? What did you say? 0? Aro bak. ’ । Say it again. 2G . । Iani mane ata? ( 2 ? What does it mean? ( 7% ? Ie’e lekhay. 2(’H (। Write it down (lit. ( ( । Write it here) . Poray. (। Read it. UW ।

Sanggrawang lini ,- . Visiting a friend / / / 010101201 2 1 3 1 3 4444 Chang ua’a? . ’? Who’s there? (When 2? somebody is knocking at your door; lit. Who is that?) Ang, Rajivpa. , 9>. । It’s me, Rajiv. 9>.। O, nang phuijok? 7, L9। Oh, you came? , ? Noke phui. 2 L। Come in the house. 'h 1 । Rumbaye dang. Di 2( । Come in (lit. Enter h । inside). 10

Iang phui. ( L। Come this way (lit. HL 2 । Come here). Mosong. । Have a seat. । Pelem dongjok nang 2 9 It was good of you to । phuimung. L। come. Ang mela bar nana L I tried to call you many ) phone reknana sesta j ` । times. L j rektra. 2 ? (Nang) bejat tongtõ? ( ) 9 2 ? How are you? 2 ? ? (Nang) pelem tongtõ? ( ) 2 2 ? Are you doing well? 2 ? Pelem tongtõ. Aro 2 2 । ’ Yes, I am. And you? ( 2 , । nang? ? Angbo pelem tongtõ. ’ 2 2 । I’m also doing well. 2( 2 2 । Ala-mala (pelem - (2 So-so. 52 -2 2 । tongtõ). 2 )। Ata khobor? ? What’s new? ? Pelem / hecha. 2 / । Good / bad. / ( 11

Nang may sajok? ( 9? Have you had your ? food? He, sajok. Elayesan , 9। H 2( Yes, I have. Just now. (, H ` 2 । sajok. 9। Ata lisam? ? Which type of curry? 22 2? Taukan, dal. , । Chicken curry and T D 8> । daal. Sachatõ. 2 । I haven’t had my food H( . । yet. Ana may uhuitõ. ( )2 । I'm hungry. 82। May sana? ( ? Will you have some ? rice? Ang sachana. । No. । Kholek ruti sa. 2 DR> । Then have some rotis. 2 2 DR> . । Ba, ia saniya tamte , ( ( 2 Oh, this food is very . k pelem! 2। delicious! 1 . । Ang geset aro ruti 82 ’ DR> I want one more roti. D H DR> lama. । 28। Ana tika karantõ. 2 । I'm thirsty. ( 82। 12

Tika lingna? ? Will you have some > ? water? Cha lingna? ? Will you have some ? tea? Cha na coffee? L? Tea or coffee? L? Cha dongna. । Tea is fine. 2 । Coffee ling. L । Have some coffee. L . । Aro tika lagina? ’ 8 ? Do you want more D > 8 ? water? De, ang lina. , । OK, I’m going. 5 । Atsa, ang lina. , । Well, I’m going now. , H( 5 ।

Aro mukna. ’ । See you (again). 8 (2G)। Aro bongna. ’ । We will meet again. 2G 8 । Pore bongna. 2 । See you (later) (lit. We ( 8 । will meet later) . Pelemka tong. 2 । Take care. @2 % । Pelem phar. 2 L । Good night. l `।

Beyang uang ( . Whereabouts ’’’’ Rajivpa towa? 9>. . ? Is Rajiv there? 9>. 2 ? He, towa. , . । Yes (he is). ( 2। Ua’a maka / era. . / H । No (he is not). , 1 । Tini uani suti. . R>। He is on leave today / 9 1 R> 2। Today is his day off. Rajivpa beyang 9>. ( 2 ? Where is Rajiv? 9>. ’ 2? tongtõ? Ua’a beyang litra? . ’ ( ` ? Where did he go? 1 ’ 8’? Ua’a bazaar litra. . ’ 9 ` । He went to the market. 1 9 h 082। Ua’a office -ang litra. . ’ 7L ` । He went to the office. 1 56 (h 082। Ma’warong beyang? ’. ( ? Where are the boys? ’ 2 ’ 2? Orong gangang tika 7 8 They went to the river 1 2 8 K h luna litra. ` । side to bathe. 8’। Nang be’e tongtõ? ’H 2 । Where are you? ’ 2? ’ ? Ang ie’en. 2(’H । I’m here (proximate). ( 2 । 14

Ang iang. ( । I’m here (distal). HL 2 2 । Ang noke / nok 2 / Di 2(। I’m home / ( lit. inside ' 2 । rumbaye. the house). Nang noke(n)? 2( )? Are you home? ' ? He, ang noken. , 2 । Yes, I’m home. (, ' 2 । Nang noke maka? 2 ? Aren’t you home? ' ? Ang maka. । No. । Ang Turaye(n). 2(( )। I’m in Tura. 2 । Ang songe. 2। I’m in the village. 8 . 2 । Ang Guwahatiye. m. R>2(। I’m in Guwahati. m. R> 2 । Town -e tongni chaiya 2 ( 2 It is better to live in a % h 8 . songen pelem. 2। village than in a town. % ।

Rekni Activities 56 Ang dinni may sa'a. ( ’। I eat rice daily. 1 ( । Ang dinni bui poraya. ( । I read books daily. 1 ( 2UW । Ang dinni dukum hena. \ । I comb my hair every 1 ( n 2 2 । day. 15

Ang dinni dui bar \ o @ I brush my teeth twice \ brush reka. । a day. 29 । Nang kan sa’a? ’? Do you eat meat? Y1 . ? He, ang sa’a. , ’। Yes, I do. (, । Ang kan sacha. । I don’t eat meat. Y1 । Nang cigarette busupa ? 8 2R ? Do you smoke? 8 2R ? Ang busupcha. । No, I don’t. , 2 2 । Ang age gari 28 8 TW> I used to drive a car. 82 8 TW> chalayamung. ( । 2 । Nang beyang litõ? ( 2 ? Where are you going? h 5 . ? Ang bazar / hatang litõ. 9 / I’m going to the 9 h 08 2 । 2 । market. Ang bayrang na launa ( I’m going out to fish. h 08 2 । litõ. 2 । Ang Turang litõ. 2 । I’m going to Tura. h 08 2 । Ata rektõ nang? 2 ? What are you doing? 2?

? Ang bui poraitõ. (2 । I’m reading a book. UW 2 ।

Ang chithi lekhaytõ. S (2 । I’m writing a letter. S 2 । Ang may lumtõ. ( 2 । I’m cooking food. / 2 । Ang ruti tektõ. DR 2 । I’m making roti. DR 2 । Ang cha rektõ. 2 । I’m making tea. 2 । Ang kan sautõ. 2 । I’m making barbecue. Y1 1 2 । Ang tauti tektõ. 2 । I’m frying eggs. ;> 9 2 । Ang satõ. 2 । I’m eating. 2 । Nang nani miyawani ( . 52 What do you cook for 8>2( 2 jone ata luma? ? your husband? / ? Orong pidan nok 7 %2 । They are making a new 1 2 HR ' themtõ. house. 2। Ang bui porayni suru ( D I started reading a UW h p rekjok. 9। book. 2 । Ang tolokni suru D I started running. G h p rekjok. 9। 2 । 17

Ani bui porayni ses ( @ I finished reading a UW @ ’। dongjok. 9। book. Ani may sani ses ( @ I finished eating. . @ ’। dongjok. 9। Ning ata rekna? ? What should we do? ? Ang ringcha. । I don’t know. 9 2 । Uana sing. . । Ask him. / 1 K । Ua’a nana uttor haõna. . ’ + । He will answer you. 1 / ’ । Sing, uo’o nana haõna / , .’ / Ask and it will be 1 K , 12R uo’o nang manna. .’ । given to you. ( । Nana uang lina lagicha. . 8 । You should not go h 5 28। there. Nana uang lina . You should not have h 5 lagichamung. 8 । gone there. 8। Nana i kamo rekna ’ You have to do this H 2R lagina. 8 । work. 8 । Ana lina lagina. 8 । I have to go. 5 8 ।

Ang duwaro golokna \. ’ 8 ? Should I open the \. ? ne? door? Ang rumbaye phuina Di 2( L ? May I come in? h 2 manna? ? Ua’a phuinabo mana. . L ’ । He may come. 1 2। Rang phuina hobo. L ’। It may rain. ; 2। Nang i kamo rekna ’ Can you do this work? H 2R manna? ? Ang io’o rekna mana. (’ । I can do this. H2R 2 । Ua’a pana mata . ’ The plant has gotten 829 1 2 dongjok. 9। big. UW। Ua’a pana bejat ungka . ’ 9 How did the tree 829 1 2 tara-tari ranjok? - 9? wither so quickly? ( l 8’? Ang bus -o manchajok. ’ 9। I missed the bus. K . 2 । Ang aiyajuni chithi ( 9 S I received a letter from S 2 । mantra. ` । my mother. Ani gariya buijok. 8 TW>( 9। My car broke down. 8 TW> j ’। 19

Chair -ni chathunga ( % 9। The chair leg broke. > SY । buijok. Ani computer -a hecha qR My computer broke qR2R j dongjok. 9। down. ’। Ang glass-o dubaijok. 8 ’ \ 9। I broke my glass. 8 8। Ang glass -o kondam r ’ c ( I broke the (window) S2 r diya dubaijok. \ 9। glass with a stick. 82 । Ani maratni ghoriyo 'TW>(’ I'm searching for my 2 . 'TW>2R ang bicharaito. 2 । lost watch. 2 । Bicharai, uo’o nang , .’ । Seek and you will find. . , 5 । manna. Oh / uh, ang ghoriyo 7, 'TW>(’ 9। Oh, I’ve found my 7’, 2 । manjok! watch! Ani maratni bherawo .’ I have found my lost 2 . TW 2R ang manjok. 9। sheep. 2 । Ang note -buiyo nahana R- (’ I forgot to bring my > h mon mandakjok. c 9। notebook. 2 । Ta-mon mandak. - c । Don't forget. 5 ।

Ia’a ani bhul dongcha. ( n । It's not my fault. H2R n (। Ana eghenek / oghenek H2'2 / 72'2 I'm against this (lit. I ( D2s। pelem lagicha. 2 8 । don't like it). Jiyo ua’a baka ana 5(’ . I like what he says. 1 . pelem lagiya. 2 8( । c। Nang raji? 9>? Do you agree? 9> ? Naniyan do’a. ( ’। You are right. ls। Iang-uang ta-chai. ( -. - । Don't look here and L 2 1L 2 2 . । there. Bhogobana prarthna 8 * % । Pray to God. Mt * % । rek. Jiyo nang ela rekna 5(’ H Don’t postpone until 9 mana, uo’o ganekna ta- , .’ 8 2 - tomorrow h % । tan. । what you can do today.

Nang ata rekna lamtõ? 2 ? What are you going to h । do? Ang tika luna lamtõ. 2 । I’m going to take a 8 K h 2 । bath.

Ang may sana lamtõ. ( 2 । I’m going to eat food. h 2 । Ua’a tai lina lamtõ. . ’ He is about to leave 1 H( 5 h 2 । now. 2। Nang ganeke ata 8 2 2 What were you doing 5 . rektõmung? 2 ? yesterday? ? Ang ganeke bui 8 2 2 Yesterday I was 5 . UW poraytõmung. (2 । reading a book. 2 । Nang ganek pharoke / 8 2 L 2 / Where were you 5 . . 7% monope beyang 2 ( 2 ? yesterday night / ’ ? tongtõmung? morning? Ang mamawani nokese . 22 । I was in my uncle’s ' 2 । mung. house. Ang lini ganeke ue’e 8 2 2 2.’H I was there yesterday. 5 . towamung. . । 2 । Lini ganeke ua’a satro 8 2 2 . ’ ` Yesterday he was a 5 . 1 `, 9 towamung, tini ua’a . , . ’ student, today he is an 7 5 v D 7 engineer aro ua’a I ( ’ . ’ engineer, and H9 (। phuini ganeke director tomorrow he is going dongna. L 8 2 2 T2u to be a director. 22

। Nang ganeke ata 8 2 2 ? What will you do 7 ? rekna? tomorrow? Ang Guwahatiyang m. R>( । I’ll go to Guwahati. m. R>h 5 । lina. Ning eklogen lina. H28 । We will go together. H228 5 । Ang may lumna ringa. ( । I know how to cook / 9 2 । food. Ang criket gelna &2R 8 I don’t know how to &2R kapcha. । play cricket. 9 2 । Ia’a atani jone? ( ’ 52 ? What is this (used) for? H2R 2 ? Ie’e beba kandaye 2(’H c 2( Is there any shop ( ’ dõkan towa? . ? somewhere nearby? 2 ? Nang chana sam 2 ? Who are you waiting ’ ? tongtõ? for? Ang Arunana samtõ. 7D; 2 । I’m waiting for Arun. 7D; 723 । Ua’a tini phuichana, . ’ L , He is not coming 1 9 । ganekebo phuicha-na. 8 2 2 ’ L । today, or tomorrow. 23

Jhirai-jhirai! J -J । Wait-wait! ’ , ’ । Akuisa jhirai. J । Wait for a while. H2w ’ । Ek masna jhirai. H J । Wait for one month. H ’ । Nang uani ataba natra? . ` ? Did you hear about 2( l him? ? Ang natra nang masa ` I heard you killed a l 2 , ' 6 thattra. % ` । tiger. । Nangen ua’a masa 2 . ’ Are you the one who ' 6 9 2( thatniya? % ( ? killed a tiger? ? Ia’a engine-a pelem ( ’ I 2 Does this engine work H I 2R 53 ? kam reka? ? well? Ang agen Taj Mahal-o 28 9’ I have already seen the 9 2 । muktra. ` । Taj Mahal. Ua’a ani sokni agen . 28 He left before I 08 . 82 1 litra. ` । reached here. m 8’। Nang atana ana chaina Why didn’t you come h ( phuichatõ? L 2 ? to see me? ?

Karon ani somoy ; 1( । Because I didn’t have ; 1( । makamung. time. Debra phakang tong. o L । Keep to the left. L 2 5 । Ana akuisa akang mK Drop me up ahead / 7 8h2 gudhur haõ. । over there. । Ui dina orong 7 m. R>( The day before 1 2 m. R>h Guwahatiyang litra. ` । yesterday they went to m 8’। Guwahati. Dui bosor age ua’a \ 28 . ’ Two years ago he went \ 82 Russiang litra. ( ` । to Russia. ( h 08। Pas bosor pore ua’a 2 . 2( In five years he will Turaye phuina. L । come back to Tura. h । Lini bosore ua’a 2 . ’ Last year he came to 5 . 1 h Indiaye phuitra. a( 2( L` । India. 2। Ua ie’e ek bosorni jone . 2(’H H He will stay here for H 2 ( tongna. 52 । one year. % । Phuini bosore ua’a L 2 . ’ Next year he will go to 7 ( h 5 । Russiang lina. ( । Russia.

Ua’a 2005-pe ata . ’ !!x- What did he do in !!x rektra? ` ? 2005? ? Ganeke orong ie’e 82 2 7 2(’H Yesterday they came 5 . 2 2 phuitra. L` । here. ( h । Ua’a ui dina . ’ i ( He went to Mum-bai i h Mumbaiyang litra. ` । the other day. 08। Ning nana ana muktra. ` । We saw each other. y2 8 2 । Orong nana ana 7 ` । They saw each other. 2 92 19 muktra. 8 । Mohana Anilana 7 ` । Mohan saw Anil. 2 7 muktra. । Ang ani ajongana 9 I came to see my R h chaina phuitra. L` । brother. 2 । Aiya-awarong unni ( -. Parents love their e- e2( 9 1w sabetna pelem mana. 2 2 । children. (। Rajivpa chana toktra? 9>. ` ? Whom did Rajiv hit? 9>. 2?

Rajivpa Anilana toktra. 9>. 7 ` । Rajiv hit Anil. 9>2. 7 2।

Rajivpa chana taka 9>. R To whom did Rajiv 9>2. R 2। haõtra? ` ? give money? Rajivpa Mohanana 9>. R Rajiv gave money to 9>2. R taka haõtra. ` । Mohan. 2। Ang akuisa tika )2 I splashed a bit of 7 > mahunge haõtra. ` । water on my face. R( 2 । Ua’a baktra, “Li aro . ’ ` , “ ’ He said, “Go and bring 2, 5 . H( uo’o elan nahai phui”. .’ H L”। it right now”. h8। Orong nani jone io’o 7 52 (’ They brought this for 1 2 H2R nahatra. ` । you. 2 2। Ang io’o apan rekna. (’ । I will do it myself. H2R 29 । Suru rekna. D । Let’s start. p । Cho lina. ’ । Let’s go. 5 । Cho amung. ’ । Come with me / come 8 ’ । along. Ana lina haõ. । Let me go. 5 h ( । 27

Ana nani mukrungeni &2 Let me take the speck 9 jabrawo godonna haõ. 9 o .’ 8 । out of your eye. ( h ( । De, chai ata dongna. , । Let’s see what 02 h ( । happens. Uana sesta rekna haõ. . j । Let him try. 5f h ( ।

Cho ning muju batna / ’ 9 / 9 । Come (to the , l । juna. bedroom), let’s sleep. De, muju bat. , 9 । Let’s sleep (already on l। the bed). Beyang lina? ( ? Where should we go? ’0 5 ? Nokang / bazarang / 9 । Home / to the bazaar. 'h / 9 h। lina. Ia'a bi station -a? ( ’ dR ? Which station is this? H2R | ? Ia’a Koch Bihar. ( ’ । This is Koch Bihar. H2R । Ujumung li. 9 । Go with her. 8 5 . । Kandaye mosong / c 2( / L। Sit by me / come to , । phui. me. Ani pache phui. 2 L। Follow me. 2 2 ।

Io'o la. (’ । Take this. H2R . । Io'o ana haõ. (’ । Give me this. H2R ( । Ana buiyo haõ. (’ । Give me the book. ( । Bi buiyo / biyo? (’ / (’? Which book / one? ? Ie'e tan. 2(’H । Put it here. ( 2 । Io'o uang tan. (’ . । Put it there. H2R । Io’o table -e / haye / (’ R 2 / 2( / Put it on the table / H2R 9 / R / chair -e tan. ( 2 । ground / chair. > । Io’o chair rumbaye (’ ( Di 2( । Put it under the chair. > । tan. Io’o duwar piraye alay (’ \. 2( ( Hang it above the door. 9 tan. । । Iõ'o lang li. (’ । Take it away. H2R 0 5 . । Io'o bayrang bakhay. (’ ( (। Throw it out. H2R ( ( । Saray. (। Stand up / get up / rise. S । Ghurai. ' । Turn around. 'n । Io’o nathem. (’ 2%। Listen to this. H2R l । Iang chai. ( । Look here. HL 2 . । 29

Aniyang nathem. ( 2%। Listen to me. HL 2 l । Jhirai! J । Stop! ’ । Chichikka tong! । Be quiet! % । Li uang! . । Leave me alone (go 7@2 % ( । away)! Uana jhamela ta-rek. . J 2 -। Don’t trouble him. 8 । Uo’o ta-lau. .’ - । Don’t touch that. 12R । Elan rek. H । Do it now. H( । Pore rek. 2 । Do it later. H2R । Uo’o ingka rek. .’ । Do it like this. H2R H2 । Uo’o ungka ta rek. .’ -। Don’t do it like that. H2R 2 2 । Liyimung uo’o naha. ( .’ । Go and bring it. 5 . D 0 । Uo’o ana thumuk. .’ %। Show it to me. 12R . । Kaynabon ta-bak. ( - । Don’t tell anyone. 2 । Ta-loray. - (। Don’t move. । Dherang pachai! K । Get back! )) । Dheka haõ. K । Push. S । But. । Pull. R । 30

Ready dong. T । Get ready. 1 9 . । Bek jinison ready rek. 9 T । Get everything ready. 1qn; 1 9 । Duwaro chup. \. ’ । Shut the door. 9 9 ( । Duwaro melay. \. ’ (। Open the door. \. । Buiyo melay. (’ (। Open the book. । Noko koncheng diya ’ 2} ( । Sweep the house with ' J TW ( । nek. the broom. War thalang. . % । Light the fire. 9 ~2 . । Tikawo taõ haõ / boil .’ / Boil the water. > 2 . । rek. । Jabrana bayrang 9 o ( ( Throw the rubbish 2 2 bakhay haõ. । outside. 2 . । Chako gin. ’ 8 । Wash your hands. K . । Sokana gin. 8 । Wash the clothes. 2 2 K . । Sokana bayrang tharan ( % । Dry the clothes 2 2 haõ. outside. l2 . । Ua’a bayrangni sokawa . ’ ( . Are the clothes outside ( 2 - ranjok? 9? dry? l 2 ? 31

Tini pharoken ghurai L 2 ' । Return it tonight. 9 2( haõ. ( । Nang age dudh dukane 28 \K \ 2 , First go to the milk *%2 8 > h li, pore lisam bazar 2 9 % shop, then buy some 5 . , @ - thaki peray. (। vegetables from the 9 h 5 । market. Nang lini age dher- 28 K- Before you go, close 5 . 82 L pasangni duwaro \. ’ / । the back door. 9 / । bondh rek. Bazarangni phuini pore 9 L 2 After you come from 9 2( nana maybo lumna ( ’ 8 । the market, / UW । lagina. you will also have to cook food. Post diyan wasek. | ( . 2। Send it by post. T S ( । Jõtawo golok. 9 .’ 8। Remove your shoes. 9 2R 1 2 . । Jõtawo kan. 9 .’ । Put your shoes on. 9 25 / । Nani jacket -o golok. 92R’ 8। Take off your jacket. 92R2R 1 2 . । 32

Jacket -o kan. 92R’ । Put your jacket on. 92R2R / । Sabeta heptõ. 2 2 । The child is crying. . 2R c2। Sabetana gasa. 2 8 । Feed the child. . 2R . । Phatra ta-bak. L ` - । Don’t lie. ’ । Sopsomoy hachai bak. 11( । Always speak truth. 1 ( 1 % ’ । Aiya-awana manay. ( -. (। Obey your father and e- e । mother. Matarongna manay. (। Respect your elders. T 1 5 । Nang morotni jiniso 9 ’ Do not covet. kh lanana monen ta-rek. 2 -। । Nana ana maph rek. L । Forgive one another. y2 3 । Nani kandayeni c 2( ’ Love your neighbour >( 9 2 morotnabo apani jat 9 । as yourself. । lam. Ani bui towa. . । I have a book. H 2। Anibo i buiya towa. ’ ( . । I've got the same book. 2 H2 2।

Nani i / u buiya towa? / ( . । Do you have this / that 2 1 2 book? ? I buiya ani maka. ( । I don’t have this book. H ।

Nani kolom towa? . ? Do you have a pen? 22 ? He, ani towa. , . । Yes, I have it. ( 2 2। Io’o naniyangen tan. 5’ ( 2 । Keep it with you. H2R 82 । Nani aiya-awa towa? ( -. . ? Do you have parents? e- e 9> ? Nani pangasan sanggra ,- . ? Do you have many 72 / 2 towa? friends? ? Besoman nani sanggra ,- . ? How many friends do 9 / towa? you have? 2? Ani akuisan sanggra ,- I have a few friends. 9 / towa. . । 2। Ani awani noke . 2 In my father's house ' ) pangasan kuthuri towa. % . । there are many rooms. S > 2। 34

Ui duita bhitore ata \R 2 What’s the difference 1 9 %6 ? alda? ? between them? Onni bhitore akuisa 7 2 There is some dif- 1 9 %6 alda towa. . । ferrence between them. 2। Johna / Alexa / Rajawa 9 / H2 / 9 . / John/Alex/Raja/Rajiv/ 9 /2/ 9 / 9>./ / Rajivpa / Sanjaya / 9>. /1I( / 9 Sanjay/Simi/Anu goes 1I(//7 2 * Si-miju / Anuju apani /7 9 to his/her village every 1 8 .h 5 (। songang soptayen liya. week. 1 H ( । Mohana aiya barajuna ( 9 Mohan writes letters to 2 * 1 soptayen chithi 1 H S ( । his mother every week. h S 2। lekhaya. Sanjaya aiya barajuna 1I( ( 9 Sanjay wrote a letter to 1I( h S chithi lekhaytra. S (` । his mother. । Rajawa / Rajivpa / 9 . / 9>. /9/ Rajawa / Rajivpa / 9 / 9>.//7 2( Simiju / Anuju aiya 7 9 ( 9 S Simiju / Anuju will h S । barajuna chithi ( । write a letter to his/her lekhayna. mother. Ang io’o rekchana! (’ । I’m not going to do H2R 2 । this! 35

Ang jitaynan. 9 ( । I’ll surely win. 9(> । Dongjok. 9। (It’s) finished. ’। Pelem dongna? 2 ? Is it OK? ? Dongna. । OK. । Kam se kam. । At least. 7 । Phas. L । First, at first. *%2। Lasse. 2d। At last, finally. 12 2 @।

Lamni Hobbies / Leisure 7.1 2 Ang porayna lama / ( / I like reading. UW । Ana porayna pelem ( 2 lagiya. 8( । Ang na launa lama. । I like fishing. K h । Ang coffee lama. L । I like coffee. L । Nang music lama? 9 ? Do you like music? 1 > . ? Ang music lamcha. 9 । I don’t like music. 1 > ।

Nang cricket gela? &2R 8 ? Do you play cricket? &2R ?

He, ang gela. , 8 । Yes, I do. (, 2 । Ang gelcha. 8 । No, I don’t. , 22 । Rajivpa wakkan sacha. 9>. . । Rajiv doesn’t eat pork. 9>2. 8 (। Rajivpa kunu kanon 9>. । Rajiv doesn’t eat any 9>2. H2 Y1 sacha. kind of meat. (। Nauni manayniya ata? ( ( ? What are your 2 41. ? festivals? Nang jonmodin 9 ( ? Do you celebrate 9 45 manaya? birthdays? ? Chang manaynina ( ( ? Who celebrates this 2 41.2 45 manaya? festival? 2?

Lagini 8 Need 28 Nana ata lagiya? 8( ? What do you want / ? need? Ana akuisa tika I would like to have 7 > lagiyamung. some water. 37

8( । *2( 9 । Ana gedheng. 82K। Help me. 2 . । Nang ata lama nani 52 What do you want me 2 jone ataba reknana? ? to do for you? 2 ? Ata dongjok? 9? What happened? ’? Ia’a bejatka dongjok? ( ’ 9 9? How did it happen? H2R 2 ’? Ua’a atana hau dottra? . ’ Why is he angry? 1 ( Y 2? ` ? Nang huran dongjok? ) 9? Are you tired? w ? Ang huran dongjok. ) 9। I got tired. w। Io’o chang rekjok? (’ 9? Who did this? H2R 2 2? Ang apani bag -o tha ’ % I lost my bag. 2R maratjok. 9। D. 2 । Ang maratjok. 9। I’m lost. 82 ।

Monnini Feelings 7 . Ia’a pelem. ( ’ 2। It is good. H2R । Ia’a hecha. ( ’ । It is not good. H2R ( । 38

Ia’a hachai? ( ’ ? Is it true? H2R 1 ? Ua’a do’a. . ’ ’। That’s right. 12R 1 । Ua’a dongcha. . ’ । That’s wrong. 12R n।

Ang ujuna lama. 9 । I like her. c 2 । Ang nana pelem mana. 2 । I love you. । Ang nani sara tongna I can’t live without 7 2 manchana. । you. % . 2 । Ana io'o pelem lagicha. (’ 2 8 । I don’t like it. H2R । Ang io'o kanchiya. (’ ( । I hate it. H2R '; 2 । Ang uana kanchiya. . ( । I hate him. '; 2 । Ang uana kira. . । I’m afraid of him. ( 2 । Ta-kir / Kir ta-dot. - / -। Don’t be afraid. ( । Ringgi dong. । Be happy. 1> . । Ang khushi (dongtõ). @> (2 )। I’m happy. 1>। Ang tamte dukh mantõ. 2 \ 2 । I’m very upset / sad. \। Ani hau dotjok. 9। I got angry. Y S2।

Ani pangasan jhamela. J 2 । I have many problems. ) 116 2। Monsaniyo kaybon (’ ( One can’t buy love. 2 . . । perayna mancha. ( । Are! 2। Hey! / P। Tamte pelem! 2 2। Excellent! +। Besoman dukhni koro. \ ’। How sad! \9 । Kanchikkhun! । Thank God! K 6 । Bhogobanani kripayen. 8 e 2( । By God’s grace. Mt e । Bhogobanani iccha. 8 । God willing. Mt । Besoman pelemsa! 2 । How beautiful! 7n / 2 1c। Lagichajok! 8 9। Enough! (lit. I don't 52%j। want more) Besoman kirmaman! । How terrible! ( । Ning soppan thina % 8 । We all must die. ;@>। lagina. Do’a nata? ’ ? Really? ( ? He, do’an. , ’ । Yes, really. ( 1 ।

Tini muktõ ranga 2 It seems the rain is not 082, ; । sarangchana. । going to stop. Ua’a achurit morot, . ’ 5 , It’s strange he never 5 1 mahangon % 9। showed up. 2. 2। thumukchajok. Iani kam maka. ( । It’s useless! H2R 7%> । Uani kam maka. . । He is good for nothing. 1 2 (। Chinta ta-rek. w -। Don’t worry. w ; । Hau ta-dot. -। Don’t be angry. Y । Chichikka tong! । Shut up! % । Akuisa nathem. 2%। Excuse me (attracting l 2 । smbd’s attention, lit. listen to me). Maph rek. L । Sorry (asking 3 । forgiveness). Kisun dongcha. । Never mind. ( K । Nani marji. 9। As you please. ।

Pera yni ( Shopping 9 1 Ie’e ata mana? 2(’H R ? Are you selling ata ( R & 2 ? here? Ani atawa bebakan R . My ata is all finished. R @ ’। makajok / phuraijok. 9 / L 9। Iani besoman dam? ( ? How much does this ( n6 ? cost? Iani dam 50 taka. ( x! R । This costs 50 rupees. ( n6 / x! R । Ia’a muntra? ( ’ ` ? Is this ripe? H2R ? Ia munchatõ. ( 2 । It is not. H2R । Ang io’o perayna lama. (’ ( । I want to buy this. H2R 2 । Sariya besoman? @ >( । How much is the sari? @ > ? Ang uini geset lama. 82 । I want one of those. 12 9 H 2 । Ana tika lingni botol R I need a bottle of HR > R lagiya. 8( । drinking water. 28।

Uana English textbook . He wants an English 1 Y 9> S6% lagiya. 8( । textbook. 2। Mayrungni besoman (D ? What is the price of ? dam? rice? Kijien bis taka. 92( @ R । Twenty rupees per kg. @ R * 2 । Ua’a pangan dam. . ’ । That’s too expensive. ) । Nang ana thokaitõ. S 2 । You are cheating me! S8 । Kholek nang sostaniyo 2 1 (’ । Otherwise take a cheap 1 2R ’ ? la. one. Dongna, ang ion lana. , ( । OK, I’ll take it. , ।

Okot 7 Time 1(1(1( Tini. । Today. 9। Ganek. 8 2 । Tomorrow / yesterday. 7 / 5 . । Dinni. । Everyday. * । Dinni monope. 2। Every morning. *. । Bosoren. 2 । Every year. * । Ek din. H । One day. H । 43

Aro nang bibila ’ L ? When will you come D ( ? phuina? again? Ang elaye phuina. H 2( L । I’ll be right back. H( 2 । Ang ek ghonta pore H ' 2 L । I’ll be back in an hour. H' 2 phuina. । Besoman somoy lagina 1( 8 How much time will it 2R h nana (io'o kam ((’ )? take you 1( 8 । reknana)? (to do the work)? Tara-tari rek. - । Do it quickly. 1 2 । Somoyo ta-bakhay. 1(’ - (। Don’t waste time. 7 1( j । Dham-dham cho. K -K ’। Go quickly. 1 2 ’ । Nang sakle phuijok. 2 L9। You came early. 2w । Nang derika phuijok. L9। You came late. । Tini ata bar? ? What day is today? 9 ? Tini ata tarikh / date . / TR? What is the date today? 9 ? Ela koi baji? H ( 9? What is the time now? H( 1( ? Ela dui baji. H \ 9। It’s 2 o’clock now. H( \R 92। Ela sare noi baji. H 2 9। It’s 9:30 am. H( . 2 9 ।

Pone egaro baji / dosta 2 H8 ’ 9 / R It’s 10:45 am. H( . R }@ poicholis. । R। Dos minute kom baro R ’ 9। It’s 10 min to 12. H( R 9 h \ baji. R >। Duita bis. \R @। It’s 20 min past 2. H( \ 9 @ R 8’। Bi somoye ning 12( ? What time should we 1( 8 bongna? meet? K? Pas bajie. 92(। At 5 o’clock. 9 । Baro baji jatang. ’ 9 9 । At around 12 noon. \>( 9 । Lini bosore. 2। Last year. 5 . । Phuini bosore. L 2। Next year. 7 । Besoman ghonta lagina ' 8 How many hours will h 1( ue’e soknana? 2.’H ? it take to get there? *2( 9 ? Asti-asti. d-d। Little by little. 7 7h। Ang monop thaki kam % I’m working since this . 2 rektõ. 2 । morning. 2 ।

Elaõ projonto ata H *5w’ Up to now what have H( 2 ? rekjok nang? 9 ? you done? Nang bibila phuijok? L9? When did you come? ( ? Ela / Tai. H / । Now. H( । Elan. H । Right now. H `। Ang elan lina. H । I’ll go now. H( 5 । Ang elayesan phuijok. H 2( L9। I came just now. H ` 2 । Ang elase Kocho koro H 2 ’ ’ I’m learning Koch H( sikaytõ. (2 । now. @ 2 ।

Ang January thakin 9 . > % ’ I’ve been learning 9 . > Kocho koro sikaytõ. ’ (2 । Koch since January. @ 2 । Age / ãgã. 28 / 7G8G। Before. 8। Pore / jikam. 2 / 9 । Later (time) . । Lini somoy dongjok. 1( 9। It’s time to go. H( 5 . 1(। Nani muju thaki 9 % ( The hour has come for R 1 sarayni okota dongjok. 7 9। you to wake up from . 1( 02। your slumber.

Liju-jumni 99----9 9 Travel :;:;:; Turang lini ticket-a RR How much is a ticket h 5 . RR besoman? ? to Tura? ? Ia’a bus-a beyang lina? ( ’ ( ? Where does this bus H h 5 (? go? Turang lini bus-a ( ? Where is the bus to 7 5> beyang? Tura? ? Ia’a bus -a Krishnai-ye ( ’ e 2( Does this bus stop in H e ’ jhiraina? J ? Krishnai? ?

Bus-a besoman K 2(’H How long will the bus 1( ( dhomok ie’e jhiraina? J ? stop here? ’ ? I thaki biya besi % ( Which is closer (to ( 9 kandaye: Rajabala-wa c 2(: 9 . here): Rajabala or L > (? na Phulbariya? L >( ? Phulbari? Turang lini bus-e dung. 2 \। Take the bus to Tura. 7 5> S । 47

Ia’a lamdora beyang ( ’ ( Where does this road H 2R ’0 082? liya? ( ? go? Bus -e dung. 2 \। Get on (the bus). S । Bus thaki hur. % )। Get off (the bus). । Ghoraye dung. ' 2( \। Get on the horse. ' S । Ghora thaki hur. ' % )। Get down from the ' । horse. Soja li. 9 । Go straight. 2 - 2 5 . । Dherang li. K । Go back. L 2 5 . । Debrang ghurai. o ' । Turn left. L 2 'n । May chakang ghurai. ( ' । Turn right. 1 L 2 'n ।

Bus station ake. |@ 2। Before the bus stand. 1 । Bus station -o pat. |@ ’ । Past the bus stand. । Tinini pharoko beyang L ’ ( Where shall we stop 9 ’ % ? tongna? ? tonight? Ua’a ela uang sokjok . ’ H . 9 He must have reached 1 h 08 2 ? hobo. ’। there by now. 48

Mosom Weather Tinini dina tamte 2 It’s a very nice weather 9 2R 1c। pelemsa! 2 । today. Tini chikka. । It is cool today. 9 S a । Tini taõ. । It is hot today. 9 8। Rasane tamte taõ 2 2 It is very hot in the sun. ’ 8। lagiya. 8( । Rang phuina mana. L । It may rain. ; 2। Rang phuitõ. L2 । It is raining. ; 2। Lampara tamte juri. q 2 9। The wind is very *. । strong. Soroke hadel dongtra. 2 2 ` । The road is muddy. 2R (।

Surir Health < =6 Nani ata dongjok? 9? What happened to you? ’ ? Nang bemar? ? Are you not well? 71 ?

Ang bemar. । I’m sick. 71। Apanen nang doctor -na 2 T Show yourself to the 29 T thumuk. %। doctor. . । Ata dongtra? ` ? What ails you? 2R ? Ani dukum ghamantõ. \ ' 2 । I have a headache. n । Ani komor ghamantõ. ' 2 । I have back pain. S । Ani pha ghamantõ. L ' 2 । My tooth aches. । Bi phawa / biya? L . / ( ? Which tooth aches / 2R ? which one? Ang kalum phuitõ. L2 । I have a fever. ~2 2। Doctor -a ata bakjok? T 9? What did the doctor T 2 2? say? Io’o jabawo somoy (’ 9 .’ 1( 2 । Take this medicine at 1(2 QK । mote sa. the proper time. Nang tara-tari pelem - 2 You will get well soon. 1 2 2 86 dongna. । । Ua’a tini akuisa pelem . ’ He is better today. 1 9 7 dongjok. 2 9। 2।

Patient -a / -ju thini 2@ / -9 % 22 The doctor arrived > e6 2 porese doctor -a sokjok. T 9। after the patient (m/f) T । had died.

Police Police > / Police -na paõ! । Call the police! । Ua’a jagah thaki jarjok. . ’ 9 8 % It was a hit and run. 1 S 1 । 9 9। Ua’a police -ni thaki . ’ % He escaped from the 1 hengjok. 9। police. 1 । Chõrana arrest rekjok. H2| 9। The thief was arrested. K । Thatni morotana lau % The murderer has been 6 >9 K । manjok. 9। caught. Nana sasti haõna. @ । You will be punished. @ 28। Nang atana uana . Why did you insult ( 7 opoman rektra? 7 ` ? him? । Io’o thik rekna (’ S । It is improper to do so. H2R S 5 । manchana.

Ia’a tamte hecha ( ’ 2 It is a very bad habit. H2R ( 7 6 1। bebohar. । U morotana chõr The man was charged 9 reknini dõsh mantra. ` । with theft. * ; 02। Uana soi masni jone . ( 1 52 He was sentenced to 2 @ jail -e tanjok. 92 9। six months 02। imprisonment.

Jõra rekni sobdo 9 9 9 9 @A Joining Words 5 8 B @A Aro, -mung ’ ’’’,, ---- And DDD Nang aro ang. ’ । You and I. D । Awa aro sasa. . ’ । Father and son. D `। Ua’a bazarang . 9 ( % We went to the market 1 9 h 082 D liyimung thai nahatra. ` । and brought some fruit. L 2। Na Or 7% / / Cha na coffee. L। Tea or coffee. L। Ua’a auto diya lina na . 72R ( He will go by auto or 1 7’R R taxi diya. R ( । taxi. 5 । 52

Kintu / Naten [[[ / 2 But [[[ Ang cha linga, naten , 2 I drink tea, but I don’t [ chokot lingcha. । drink liquor. । Ua’a baktra, Ang . ` , L , He said “I will come”, 1 0 [ phuina, kintu [ L 9। but did not come. । phuichajok. Chai / chaiya / ( Than h / 000 Ua’a ani chaiya mata. . ’ ( । He is older than I. 1 h (1 T । Matju sabetrong 9 2 ’. A female child is not 6 1w ` 1w h ma’wani chai akui । less than a male child. 2 m2; (। dongcha. (Ki) (((()))) That 555 Ang natra (ki) nang ` () I heard that you got a l 2 5 kam manjokka? 9 ? job. । Rajivpa baktra (ki) 9>. ` () Rajiv said that the shop 9>2. 02 5 dõkana bondhoka. / । was closed. /। Ang ringa nang ana I know that you don’t 9 2 5 lamcha. । love me. 2 . ।

Bakimung So that 88828 222 Orong letra kamna 7 ` They hired many 2 2 ) m. rekna lagichana 8 , servants so that they 2 82 8K bakimung, pangasan ` । did not have to do 2 28। chakhor nahatra. heavy work themselves. Nana sotrurongmung @ I give you this sword 2 . kalup bakimung, ang , 2 . ’ so that you may fight 2 82 @ torõwalo nana haõjok. 9। with your enemies. 8 5 9 । Uani gãmãn / ojone / . 8GG / 752 / Therefore 1 2; uijone 52 Uana tamten may . 2 ( He was very hungry; 8 uhuitra, ojone / uani )` , 752 / . therefore he ate a lot of 1 2; 1 R n gãmãn ua’a melasan 8GG . ( rice. । may sajok. 9। Gãmãn / nane /jone 8GG / 2 / 52 52 52 So 12( Deri dongni gãmãn / 8GG / 2 / It was late, so I went 0 12( nane / jone ang nokang 52 9। home. 'h 082 । lijok. 54

Jibila 555 5 While 5( Nang ju jibila ang 9 5 Take a nap while I'm 5( l ( bayrang lina. ( । out. h 5 । Karon / nane ; / 2 Because ; Master-a hau dottra | ` ; The teacher was angry 2 2 . karon ani deri dongtra. ` । because I came late. 2; @392 Y Ani rakhni nane 2 | । master -a hau dottra. ` । -bo --- - ’’’’ Although 5 / 12 Kalum phuimungbo L ’ H 9 Although Ann was ill, H 8 71 5 Annju kam rektra. ` । she worked hard. 7 C। Taõ Still, yet 02 Rasana dottra, taõ rang ` , The Sun is out, yet it’s 1n5 S h2 ; phuitõ. L2 । raining. 2। Ua’a gorib, taõ ua’a . ’ 8> , He is poor, yet (but) he 1 \>. 5 14। pelem. . ’ 2। is honest. Ua’a elaõ biya . ’ H ( He is not married yet. 1 H( h2 rekchatõ. 55

2 । 7 । Khali > Except 2 Bebakan ready , khali T, > Everything is arranged RR 2 12 ticket -asan dongchatõ. RR 2 । except for the tickets. SS ’। Jikambo 9 9 ’’’’ Besides 2 2 2 2 Taka bakhayni R ( 9 ’, Besides wasting all his ) R jikambo, uana police - . % money, he also had to 2 rongni thaki jari tongna 9 8` । run from the police. L 8 02। lagitra. -nangbo --- - ’’’’ In spite of 12 Rang phuinangbo ning L ’ In spite of rain we went ; 7 12 Nokrekani pirang 2 \` । up to Nokrek peak. 2& @e 2 ; dungtra. 2 । Jodi / -nang 555 / --- - If … (then) 555 Jodi rang phuiya ning 5 L( If it rains we won’t go 5 ; 2 2 cinema chaina lichana. 2 । to the cinema. 3` 2 h Rang phuinang ning L 2 9 । cinema chaina lichana. L । 56

Jodi ang nang 5 ’, If I were you, I would 5 1 do’amung, ang io’o (’ H2'2 & do it this way (now). 2 22 % eghenekkra rekna. । H22

2 22 । Jodi ang nang 5 ’, If I were you, I would 5 2 22 do’amung, ang io’o (’ & have done it that way 2 2 unkakra reknamung. । (at that time). 2 2 2 22 ।

Jodi ang ie’e 5 2(’H , If I had been here 5 ( tongnamung, ia’a ( & । earlier, this would % 2 22 2 2 inkakra never have happened. H2R h dongchanamung. 222 । Jodi ang ani 5 .’ If I had done my 5 h ( homework -o J 2 2( homework, 2- 2 2 reknamung ani । I wouldn’t be in H jhamelaye trouble (now). dongchanamung. 222 ।

Jodi ang ani 5 .’ If I had done my 5 ' homework -o J 2 2( homework, ( 2 22 reknamung ani । I would not have been 2 2 H 71 K jhamelaye in trouble (yesterday). dongchanamung. (।

Jodi 555 Provided 2 2 Jodi bebakan pelemka 5 2 Provided that all is 2 2 % 2 towa, nang lina manna. . , । safe, you may go. 5 । Jodi …-bo 5 …––– – ’’’’ Even if Jodi nang ana 1 lakh 5 # Even if you give me Rs H R takabo haõwa, taõ ang i R ’ . , 1 lakh, I will not agree 2 H 2R kamni jone raji 52 9> to do this work. h 9> । dongchana. । Jibila … ubila 555 5 … When … then 5( … (

Jibila nang mayo 5 (’ When you bring the 5( . k 0 nahana ubila ang taka R । food then I’ll pay. ( 2R haõna. । 58

Kholek 2 Otherwise / Or (else) 2

Nang elan li, kholek H , 2 You better go now or 5 . 2R 2. nani deri dongna. । you will be late. 2 ।

Jingka … ungkan 555 5 … Just as 52 2 … 2 2

Ang jingka rektra 5 ` Do it just as I did. 52 2 2 ungkan rek. । 2 2 । Esoman … jesoman H … 5 As much as 5

Ang esomansan ringa H 5 I know as much as you. 5 9 2 jesoman nang ringa. । 1 2 9 ।

…-ni songge-songge …2828----2828 As soon as 28 28 Master dangni songge- | 28-28 As soon as the teacher @39 7 28 28 songge satrorong ` ( । comes (in), the pupils `2 %( ’। saraya. get up.

Ungka … jingka / -ni … 5 / --- - As if … ghenek '2 Nana ataba ungka You look as if you n muka jingka nang 5 have done something 82। hecha kam rektra. ` । wrong. Ana dui kilõ may sani \ 2 ( I feel like I ate 2 kg of \ 2 ghenek lagijok. '2 89। rice. . 82।

Jodi 555 Until 02 Nang bayrangen lina ( 2 You will not get out R ( manchana, jodi nang , 5 8G until you have paid the ( 02 5 agãni takawõ haõcha. R .’ । last rupee. . ।

Compound Jõray bakni 9 9 9 (9 ( C 6 sentences Ji morotana nang 5 8 2 2 The man (whom) you 5 . ganeke muktra ua’a i ` . ’ 2R saw yesterday is the 92 2R hotel -ni malik. । owner of the hotel. । 60

U buri matjuju jiju sari > 99 59 @ > The old woman who 1 @ > / UW>9 >2( kantar uju bisi koro 9 ’ was wearing a sari % (। bakcha. । never talks much. Jerong kam rekcha 5 7 He who does not work, 2 orongna sanan lagicha. 8 । shall not eat. . 2; 7 । Jiyo ua’a baka ua’a 5(’ . ’ . ’ Whatever he says is 1 52( hachai. । true. % 1 । Jiyo pelem lagiya nang 5(’ 2 8( Do whatever you think 5 . 2 । uo’o rek. .’ । proper. Jai jai Delhiyang litra 5 5 >( ` Whoever has been to 512 >h 082 orongna India Gate-o 7 a( 8R’ Delhi must have seen 12. a( 8R mukna lagiya. 8( । India Gate. 2।

Jeyang kunu nang li 5( . ’ Wherever you go, there 5h2 5 . 8 uangbo gõlapamung 8 ’ will be roses as well as L 1 1 82 panchubo manna. । thorn bushes. 2R ।

Jibila nang phuina nani 9 L Whenever you come, 5( buiyobo naha. ( ’ । bring your book. 2 0 । 61

Je’e nani taka towa 5’H R . Where your trea-sure 5 1q+ ue’e nani monabo 2.’H ’ । is, there your heart will 2R % 2R < .। tongna. be also.

Biseson 2@; Adjectives 2@ 2@;;;; Ia pidan buksul. ( । This is a new shirt. H2R । Ia buksula pidan. ( । This shirt is new. H 2R । Ia tikawa thanda. ( . S a । This water is cold. H > S a । Ia coffe -ya taõ. ( L( । This coffee is hot. H L 8। Ia'a noka mata. ( ’ । This house is big. H '2R T । Ia'a mata nok. ( ’ । This is a big house. H2R HR T '। Ani buksula nani ( My shirt is better than 2R h chaiya pelem. 2। yours. । Ani buksula sopni chai My shirt is the best. 2R R h pelem. 2। । Ia duniyayeni sop chai ( \ ( 2( This is the largest book H e%.> R h mata bui. । in the world. T -।

Sorbonam aro Pronouns and 1 ’’’’ &( 2@; 1 D &( 2@; kriya biseson Adverbs Bhogobana bebak 8 2 God is everywhere. Mt 12 2 6 । hadamen towa. . । Changba duwaro \. ’ 8` । Someone opened the 2 9 2। goloktra. door. Io’o soppan rekna (’ । Anyone can do it. 52 2 2 H2R manna. 2। Kaybon Bhogobana ( 8 No one can see God. Mt 2 । mukna mancha. । Ataba hecha dongjok. 9। Something went HR n 02। wrong.

Uani baknini jone . 52 He doesn’t have ’ h H2 । kisun makajok. 9। anything to say. Ia’a morota kisun ( This man has done H 92 H2 n hecha kam rekchatõ. 2 । nothing wrong. ।

Ning beyangba sound - ( a’ ` । We heard a sound @A2R o natra. somewhere. l 2 । Nang mayo jeyang (’ 5( You can get rice 52 2 mana uangen manna. . 2 । anywhere. । Nang kunu jagaye 9 8 2( ’ You can’t find a Koch 1 6 ; Kocho grammar -ni - (’ grammar book 2 । buiyo chaimung । anywhere. manchana. Ua’a beyakkangen . ( 2 । He is nowhere to be 1 ’ । maka. found. Ie’e pizza sanana kunu 2(’H 9 There is nowhere to eat H 2 9 jagaye maka. 9 8 2( । pizza in this town. h । Ang nana geset koro 82 ’ I would like to talk to ( bibilaba bakna । you sometime. 8 29 । lamamung. Ji somoyebo ana 5 12( ’ Come to see me h 52 2 chaina phuina manna. L । anytime. 1(2 । Ua’a Goang elaõ . 8 . H He has never been to ( 8 . h lichatõ. 2 । Goa. 5 . । 64

Uposobdo Classifiers @A (((71>( (71>( 71>( )))) @A (((71>( (71>( 71>( )))) (Assamese) (Assamse) Ue’e bis- (kuri-) jhon 2.’H @- (-) J There were 20 people @9 । morotrong towamung. . । there.

Ue’e bista masu 2.’H @R There were 20 cows @R 8D । towamung. . । there. Ue’e ek jõra masu 2.’H H 5 There was a pair of H 8D । towamung. . । cows there. Ue’e bista sokmay 2.’H @R ( There were 20 @R । towamung. . । butterflies there. Ue’e bista pensil 2.’H @R g There were 20 pencils @T g towamung. . । there. । Ue’e bista longthay 2.’H @R % ( There were 20 stones @R % । towamung. . । there. Ue'e bista bhut 2.’H @R n There were 20 devils @R n । towamung. . । there. 65

Ue'e bista way 2.’H @R . ( There were 20 gods @9 . towamung. . । there. । Geseksan Bhogoban. 82 8 । There is only one God. Mt . H92 ।

Uposobdo (Koch) @A ((( ( )))) Classifiers (Koch) @A ((( ( )))) Go- (non-human): 8- Kondam gosa. One stick. HT S / R। c 8 । Sak- (human): - Saksa morot. One man. H9 । । Ãng- (non-human): 7G- Kondam ãngning. Two sticks. \T R। c 7G । Mãng- (human): G- Ning mãngning. We two. \2( । G । A- (non-human): - Kondam atam. Three sticks. T R। c । 66

Mik- (human): - Miktam/mikbri Three / four men. / 9 । morotrong. / o । Karang- (non-human - flat objects) । Three books. । Bui karangtam.