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' __ united S,3.es (^'^^ aj "iS^r'Agriculture The Protedtion of
National Agricultural Library Pome Fruits, March 1 985 - May 1 992
United States Environmental Protection Agency Citations from AGRICOI_A
Office of Pesticide Programs Concerning Diseases and Otiier
Bibliographies Environmental Considerations and Literature of Agriculture Number 118
August 1 992
United States Department of Agriculture The Protection of
National Agricultural Pome Fruits, Library
United States IVIarch 1985 -IVlay 1992 Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Citations from AGRICOLA Progranns Concerning Diseases and Otiier Bibliographies and Literature Environmental Considerations of Agriculture Number 118
August 1992 Compiled and Edited by Charles N. Bebee National Agricultural Library
United States Department of Agriculture Beltsville, Maryland 20705
and
United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs Washington, D.C. 20460
National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 1992 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Bebee, Charles N.
The protection of pome fruits, March 1985-May 1992 : citations from AGRICOLA concerning diseases and other en- vironmental considerations.
(Bibliographies and literature of agriculture ; no. 118)
1. Fruit — Diseases and pests — Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5076.AlU54no.118 .
FOREWORD
This is the 45th volume in a series of commodity-oriented environmental bibliographies resulting from a memorandum of understanding between the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National Agricultural Library (USDA-NAL) , and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs (EPA-OPP)
This close working relationship between the two agencies will produce a series of bibliographies which will be useful to EPA in the regulation of pesticides, as well as to any researcher in the field of plant or commodity protection. The broad scope of information contained in this series will benefit USDA, EPA, and the agricultural community as a whole.
The sources referenced in these bibliographies include the majority of the latest available information from U.S. publications involving commodity protection throughout the growing and processing stages for each agricultural commodity
We welcome the opportunity to join this cooperative effort between USDA and EPA in support of the national agricultural community.
JOSEPH H. HOWARD, Director DOUGLAS D. CAMPT, Director National Agricultural Library Office of Pesticide Programs
.
INTRODUCTION
The citations in this bibliography, The Protection of Pome Fruits, March 1985 - May 1992, are selected from the AGRICOLA database and cover diseases, insects, nematodes, weeds, chemicals, and other environmental considerations. A previous bibliography in this series was issued as BLA 41 in 1985.
This is the 45th volume in a series of commodity-oriented listings of citations from AGRICOLA jointly sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library
(USDA-NAL) , and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Pesticide Programs (EPA-OPP) . During the past year, subjects in this series included The Protection of Stored Grains; The Protection of Nut Crops; The Protection of Peanuts; The Protection of Tomatoes, Egg Plants, and Peppers; and The Protection of Lawn and Turf Grasses. Other titles to be issued during the current year are The Protection of Corn, Biotechnology in Agriculture, and Methylbromide and Its Alternatives As Fumigants.
Entries in the bibliography are subdivided into a series of section headings used in the contents of the Bibliography of Agriculture. Each item appears under every section heading assigned to the cited document. A personal author index accompanies this publication. Subject and site indices may be obtained after January 1993 by writing to the address below.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency contact for this project is Richard B. Peacock, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Any comments or questions concerning this bibliography may be addressed to:
Reference and User Services Branch USDA-NAL, Room 14 02 Beltsville, MD 20705 (301) 504-6875 I
i
i AVAILABILITY OF CITED DOCUMENTS
Non-USDA Patrons
The materials listed in this bibliography are available on interlibrary loan through your local library. The librarian in your public. State, university, or corporate library can assist you in obtaining materials either in your area or directly from the National Agricultural Library. Current charges for photocopies are $5 for the first 10 pages, $3 for each additional 10 pages, $5 for the first fiche, and $.50 for each additional fiche. Invoices are issued quarterly. Requests must comply with the National or International Interlibrary Loan Code. If you have questions about the availability of these materials, please write to:
Document Delivery Services Branch National Agricultural Library Beltsville, MD 20705
USDA Patrons
The materials listed in this bibliography may be obtained by submitting one Form AD-24 5 for each item requested to your local Agency or Regional Document Delivery System Library or directly to the National Agricultural Library, Document Delivery Services Branch.
EPA BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Protection of Pome Fruits, March 1985 - May 1992
Contents
Item Number
Research 1 Geography 2 Meteorology and Climatology 3-6 History 7-8 Education and Training - Not Extension 9-11 U.S. Extension Services 12-15 Administration 16 Legislation 17-37 Economics 38-39 Economics of Agricultural Production 40-53 Farm Organization and Management 54-87 Cooperatives 88 Rural Sociology 89 Distribution and Marketing 90-131 Grading, Standards, Labelling 132-137 Consumer Economics 138-141 Plant Production - General 142 Plant Production - Horticultural Crops 143-320 Plant Production - Field Crops 321 Plant Production - Miscellaneous Crops 322 Plant Breeding 323-411 Plant Structure 412-416 Plant Nutrition 417-433 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 434-496 Plant Taxonomy and Geography 497-499 Protection of Plants 500-533 Pests of Plants - General and Misc. 534-555 Pests of Plants - Insects 556-912 Pests of Plants - Nematodes 913-929 Plant Diseases - General 930-952 Plant Diseases - Fungal 953-1167 Plant Diseases - Bacterial 1168-1230 Plant Diseases - Viral 1231-1243 Plant Diseases - Physiological 1244-1293 Miscellaneous Plant Disorders 1294-1319 Protection of Plant Products - General and Misc. 1320-1389 Protection of Plant Products - Insects 1390-1395 Weeds 1396-1412 Pesticides - General 1413- 1478 Soil Biology 1479- 1481 — ooi± cneinistjry ana fnysics 14 o «i 14 y 1 Soil Classification and Genesis 14 92 oOxx reruixiuy ~ r ejru.iiizeirs 14 y J — Id J 1 Soil Cultivation 1532-"1 c o o 154 8 Forestry Related 1549- 1557 roresu injuries ana irrouecuion 15 5oc o Entomology Related 1559--y c c f\ 1584 Apiculture Related 1585- 1587 Animal oeneuics 15o1 c o o — 1589T c o rk 1 C Q A —_ /inimai rveproaucuion 1 D y (J loy 4 Animal ricoiogy loyT C Q oC —_ 16U1 — 1 n 1 1 13 U ^ 1 o U J Animal Physiology and Biochemistry 1604- 1605 Animal laxonomy ana ueograpny 160 7- 1610 veterinary Fnarmacoiogy , loxicoiogy and Immune Therapeutic Agents 1611- 1612 Pest of Animals — Insects 1613- 1614 Aquaculture Related 16 15 Farm Equipment 1616- 1618 Water Resources 16 19 Drainage and Irrigation 152 0- 162 6 r ooa bcience — norcicuicurai crop 1 ^ ^7 1649 Food Processing — Horticultural Crop 1650-1 cr r\ 1657 1 c o — r ooa bcorage ~ noruicuiuurai crop 1 D Do 1 / U 1 Food Contamination — Horticultural Crop 17 02- 171 ^7 2-1 3 Food Packaging — Horticultural 1724- 17 2 6 — r ooa L.omposiuion — normcuiuurai crop 1 / 2 / 1/64 Home Food and Meal Preparation 17 65 Pollution 1766- 1773 Mathematics and Statistics 1774- 1806 Documentation 1807- 1817 nuiUdll ricUK^lilc: / rlcclll-Il dllU OdlcUy 1 O 1 O 1 O ^ 1
Index Paqe
Author Index 261-273 EPA BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESEARCH
0001
Invest in research.
WEFGA. Sulecki, J.C. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Jan 1988. v. 108 (1). p. 25-27. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W).
1 A . GEOGRAPHY
0002
Use of thematic mapper data for the detection of forest damage caused by the pear thrips.
RSEEA. Voge 1 mann , J.E. Rock, B.N. New York,
N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing. Remote sensing of environment. Dec 1989. v. 30 (3). p. 217-225. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL
Cal 1 No. : DNAL 0184. R4)
2 METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
0003
Division of Entomology /C.H. Fernald. Horticultural Department / Samuel T. Maynard. Department of Meteorology / CD. Warner. Fernald, C. H. 1838-1921. Maynard, Samuel Warner, ; Clarence T ._1844- 1923 . Duane. Amherst,
Mass. : Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 1888. 16 p.
: ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 M38H
( 1 ) no. 1 ) .
0004
Effects of temperature and relative humidity on germination, growth, and sporulation of Zygophiala jamaicensis. PHYTAd. Ocamb-Basu. CM. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul,
Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Phytopathology. Jan 1988. v. 78 (1). p. 100-103. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56).
0005
Panel --frost control survey results. PWHAA. Evans, R. Peterson, B.; Graves, B.
Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 203-216. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273).
0006
Validation of injury thresholds for European red mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) on 'Yorking' and 'Delicious' apple. JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Beers, E.H. Lanham. Md. Entomological Society of America. Injury thresholds for the European red mite, Panonychusul mi (Koch), were validated for two major apple (Malus X domestica
1 t i vars 'Yorking' and Borkhauser )cu , 'Delicious,' in Pennsylvania. Four target injury thresholds (0,250, 750, and 1,250 cumulative mite days CMD per leaf) were established on trees for 1 or 2 yr.Most of mite injury occurred during July and August. Effects of injury were determinedon mean fruit weight, soluble solids, fruit * "mness, fruit color, as well as returnbloom, percentage of fruit set, and fruit load the year following injury. Only the target i n j ury threshol d level of 1,250 CMDs caused any reduction in yield variables, and this occurred onlyduring the year after mite injury. These reductions occurred for return bloom, percentage offruit set, and return fruit load and only for the cultivar 'Yorking.' Mite injury had no effectduring current season. Adoption of an injury threshold of 750 CMDs is proposed for applesin Pennsylvania. Hypotheses are presented to help explain differences in results of our study compared with those of previous studies. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1990. v. 83 (5). p. 2026-2031. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421
J822) .
3 HISTORY
0007
Apple growing in a severe climate. NEMFA. Estabrooks, E.N. North Amherst, Mass The Association. New England fruit meetings Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Includes history of apple production and marketing in New Brunswick. 1986. v. 92. p.
42-48. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) .
0008
Pear bureau--clo you really want a new look?
PWHAA. Hull, D. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 189-192. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). EDUCATION AND TRAINING NOT EXTENSION
0009
APPLESCAB: a teaching aid on microcomputers. PLDRA. Blaise, P. Arneson, P. A.; Gessler, C.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. July 1987. v. 71 (7). p. 574-578. Includes references. (NAL Call No.:
DNAL 1 .9 P69P) .
0010
Application of an apple production and profitability microcomputer model in pomology teaching.
HJHSA. Creasy, L.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1986. V. 21 (5). p. 1176-1177. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6).
0011
Training apple pickers to reduce bruising during harvest.
ARHMA. Ebers, V. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 85-87.
(NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) .
5 U.S. EXTENSION SERVICES
0012
Apple growers can get mites tested for susceptibility to miticides. Reissig, H. Batavia, N.Y. Agricultural Div. of Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, N.Y. State. Ag impact. Apr 1989. v. 16 (4). p.
7-8. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N7A45 ) .
0013
Apple IPM in West Virginia.
Hogmire, H.W. Jr. Fayet tev 1 1 1 e , Ark. : Arkansas State Horticultural Society. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Arkansas State Horticultural Society. Paper presented at the "106th Annual Meeting of the Arkansas State Horticultural Society," November 13 and 14, 1985, Fort Smith, Arkansas. 1985. (106). p. 104-106. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB21.A7A7).
0014
Mixing apples and oranges.
Thompson, C.J. Madison : s.n. . Journal of extension. Spring 1985. v. 23. p. 10-13. Includes 4 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.28 J82).
0015
The National evaluation of Extension's Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.
Blacksburg VA ; Petersburg VA : Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. Includes executive summary.- "VCES Publication 491-010."- "Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, Virginia Tech and Virginia
State - Virginia's Land-grant Un i vers i t i tes in cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture - Extension Service, Cooperative
Agreement No. 12-05-300-659.". v, 123 p. : ill.
; 28 cm. Includes bibliographies. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544.3.V8V52 no. 491-010, etc.).
6 . .
ADMINISTRATION
0016
Foreign market promotion programs: an analysis of promotion response for apples, poultry, and tobacco Rosson, CP. III. Hammig. M.D.; Jones, J.W. New
York : John Wiley. Agribusiness, an international journal. Spring 1986. v. 2 (1). p. 33-42. Includes 16 references. (NAL Call
No. : DNAL HD1401 . A56)
7 . . .
LEGISLATION
0017 0021
A1ar free and pesticide free. Apple tree 'Coop 23'.
Silsby, K. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural Div. of Janick, J.W. Williams, E.B.; Emerson, F.;
Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, Korban, S.S.; Dayton, D.F.; 1 Meh enbacher , S.A.;
N.Y. State. Ag impact. June 1989. v. 16 (6). p. Hough, L.F. Washington, D.C. : The Office. This
9. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N7A45 ) invention relates to a new cultivar of apple tree which is characterized by resistance to apple scab and cedar apple rust, outstanding fresh fruit quality, smooth, slightly waxy 0018 skin, and a maturity approximately 7.5 to 8 weeks before 'Delicious' and 4 to 4.5 weeks Apple rootstock--Cepi 1 and variety. before 'Prima.'. Plant patent - United States
Masseron, A. Grillet, E. Washington, D.C. : The Patent and Trademark Office. Sept 6, 1988. Office. The invention relates to a new and (6268). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 distinct virus-free variety of apple tree P69) . useful as a rootstock for supporting grafted apple varieties, particularly for planting of hedgerows of apple trees. The new variety originated as a clone of heat treated 0022
Paradi s- Jaune-de-Metz selection, M9B , also called M9 INFEL. It has been found that there Crabapple tree named Amberina.
1 i i i : is better root i gn f cat on as well as Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. The Office. An generally several points of root issue on the ornamental flowering crabapple tree named clones as well as an increased vigor to the Amberina, having disease resistant deep green cultivars. Plant patent - United States Patent leaves that change to bright gold in autumn. and Trademark Office. Nov 19, 1991. (7715). 4 The cultivar produces firm, glossy, small p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). bright red berries that maintain themselves on the tree for the entire winter. Rose-pink buds open to pure white fragrant blossoms. The cultivar roots easily as a soft wood cutting. 0019 Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. July 25, 1989. (6942). 2 p.
Apple rootstock --Lancep variety. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 )
Masseron, A. Grillet, E. Washington, D.C. : The Office. The invention relates to a new and distinct virus-free variety of apple tree useful as a rootstock for supporting grafted 0023 apple varieties, particularly for planting of hedgerows of apple trees. The new variety Crabapple tree named Red Peacock. originated as a clone of heat treated Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. An
Paradi s- Jaune-de-Metz selection, M9B , also ornamental flowering crabapple tree named Red called M9 INFEL. It has been found that there Peacock, having large coral buds opening to is better root 1 gn i f i cat i on wel as soft pink and white ruffled blossoms, mint i as generally several points of root issue on the green disease free foliage, abundant annual clones as well as an increased vigor to the blossoms and shiny red berries, early cultivars. Plant patent - United States Patent uprightness tending toward maturity into a and Trademark Office. Nov 19, 1991. (7714). 4 semiweeping habit, tannish gold bark and stems, p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). and fruit maintenance into early winter. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Sept 12, 1989. (7022). 2 p. plates.
(NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) 0020
Apple tree: Arlet.
Krapf, B. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A new 0024 vareity of apple tree has fruit with a firm flesh which is excellent for fresh eating and Crabapple tree named Red Swan. for use in salads. The fruit of the variety Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. An also exhibits a relatively long shelf life when ornamental flowering crabapple tree named Red compared with Golden Delicious apples and takes Swan, having a graceful and small weeping form on a somewhat waxy or greasy appearance after to 10 feet in maturity, with heavily textured, extended storage. The new variety produces high disease resistant lanceolate leaves. The leaves and regular fruit yields and has fruit medium change in fall to a gold color. Bright red fruit ripening. Plant patent - United States fruit is borne abundantly. The flower buds and Patent and Trademark Office. Mar 21, 1989. blossoms are pendulous, and the initially coral (6689). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 pink buds change to pure white before the
P69) . blossoms open. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Aug 8, 1989. (6974). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65
P69) .
8 . .
(LEGISLATION)
0025 0030
Crabapple tree named Satin Cloud. Japanese pear tree.
Fiala, J . L . Washington, D.C. The Office. An Kanato, K. Machida, Y.; Kozaki, I.; Chiba, T.; ornamental tetraploid flowering crabapple tree Kishimoto, 0.; Seike, K.; Shimura, I.; named Satin Cloud, having a ball -shaped, wide Kotobuj i , K.; Omura, M.; Kajiura, I. compact yellow billowy and rounded habit. Dark Washington, D.C. : The Office. Disclosed herein rose buds open to cinnamon fragrant satiny is a Japanese pear tree which has a moderate white blossoms with occasional pink tinging. vigor and an easily maintained moderate spur Its waxy spring leaves are green with amber development, is resistant to black spot blushes, and the summer-long, disease resistant disease, and as productive as 'Hosui'. The tree foliage is leathery and dark green. This low is cross - i ncompat i b 1 e with 'Kosui' and is maintenance, closely internoded cultivar assumed to have an S4S5 genotype, and has brown displays as autumn leaf color of burnt red, young leaves and white large flowers which have with gold leaves in the center shade part of a pale red color at the pit at fat bud and the canopy. Plant patent - United States Patent bloom middle to late in the season and at i ' j i i ' . and Trademark Office. Aug 1, 1989. (6956). 2 p. almost the same time as N i sse k The tree plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) . can produce an oblate-shaped fruit which matures early in the season, earlier than
' ' N i j i sse i k i , and has a normal keep--^g quality. The fruit has a large size which is .arger than i ' i i , 0026 that of N i j sse k ' a skin which is covered partly with russet when cultivated without Daminozide: a case study of a pesticide bagging is at early maturity of the yellowish controversy. green color identified in the Munsel . Book of
Campt, D. Washington, D.C. : Office of Public Color as follows: Hue symbol: 2.5 gy , Chroma: Awareness. EPA Environmental Protection Agency 6, Value: 9, and is at full maturity of the journal. May 1987. v. 13 (4). p. 32-34. ill. yellow color identified in the Munsel Book of (NAL Call No.: DNAL TD171.U5). Color as follows: Hue symbol: 10 y. Chroma: 6, Value: 9, and a white flesh which is soft, crisp and very juicy, with a high sweetness, a lower acidity, no astringency, and a slight 0027 aromatic flavor, giving an excellent dessert quality. Plant patent - United States Patent Flowering crab apple tree. and Trademark Office. Apr 11, 1989. (6726). 2
Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). new variety of crab apple tree, which I call "Doubloons", has large white double flowers, a generally round habit of growth with upright spreading dense branches and yellow fruit. The 0031 new variety is resistant to apple scab. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Japanese pear tree "Chikusui". Office. Apr 10, 1990. (7216). 2 p. plates. (NAL Machida, Y. Kotobuki, K.; Kajiura, I.; Sato, Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). Y.; Kozono, T.; Kanato, K.; Seike, K.; Shimura,
I.; Omura, M. ; Abe, K. Washington, D.C. ; The Office. Disclosed herein is a Japanese pear tree having a moderate vigor and an easily 0028 maintained moderate spur development, a high resistance to black spot disease and a high Flowering crab apple tree 'Sinai Fire'. productivity. This tree produces an
Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A oblate-shaped fruit which matures early in the new variety of crab apple tree, which I call season, i.e., from the start to the middle of 'Sinai Fire', has white flowers, weeping August, in the central part of the Kanto branches and red fruit. The new variety is district, Japan. The fruit has a medium size resistant to apple scab. Plant patent - United and the same weight as 'Kosui', i.e., 250 to States Patent and Trademark Office. Apr 9, 300 g, a yellowish brown skin, and a white 1991. (7492). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL flesh which is soft, crisp and very juicy with 156.65 P69). a high Brix the pH of the juice being about 5.2, a particular smell without aromatic flavor, giving an excellent dessert quality. Plant patent - United States Patent and 0029 Trademark Office. Dec 31, 1991. (7758). 3 p.
plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) The H-2A program and southern agriculture.
Emerson, R.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Department. Staff paper - University of Florida, Food and Resource Economics 0032 Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Feb 1988. (323). 16 p. Includes Mai US Coral Cascade.
1 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD 75 1 . A 1 S73 ) Ross, H.A. Washington, D.C. : The Office. Named for its graceful, seni-weeping habit and persistant coral-orange fruit, Malus cultivar 'Coral Cascade' offers a unique fall display among crabapple cultivars with a weeping habit. . . .
(LEGISLATION)
The abundant load of large pea-sized ornamental 0036 fruit causes its slender horizontal branches to droop in a cascade of reddish-orange color. Its Pear tree Old Home X Farmingdale variety No. annual fruit production results in a permanent 87. downward arching of the branches as the plant Brooks, L.A. Washington, D.C. The Office. ages. This crabapples small stature (15' tall X This invention relates to a new and distinct 20' wide in 30 years) makes it desirable for variety of pear tree which is useful as a use In prominant landscape locations, elevated size-controlling rootstock. The new variety planters, and beneath power lines. The spring originated as a single seedling selected from a flower display starts with pinkish-red buds on large group of pear seedlings which were grown pendulous pedicels of about 1.5" (4 cm) in from open-pollinated seed. This seed was length. The abundant flowers open white with collected from Old Home Pear Trees (Pyrus the abaxial edges of the petals remaining pink. communis) growing in an isolated planting with 'Coral Cascade' has an established record of Farmingdale pollinizers. Pear fruiting disease resistance. Its thick, green leaves varieties propagated on the under stock of this retain their high quality until fall frosts new rootstock variety are approximately 80% of trasform them to golden hues of yellow, orange the size of like pear trees growing on domestic and tan. Plant patent - United States Patent Bartlett seedling rootstocks. This
i and Trademark Office. Feb 6, 1990. (7142). 2 p. " sem -dwarf i ng" selection is easily asexual ly plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). reproduced; particularly by hardwood cuttings. It has proven to be graft compatible with all commercially grown pear varieties. It was
selected for its non- rootsucker i ng habit, its 0033 resistance to Fireblight disease and its tolerance of Pear Decline disease. It has also Mai us hupehensis named 'Cardinal'. proven to be hardy, early bearing and well
Flemer, W. III. Washington, D.C. : The Office. anchored in the many areas and soil types where A Malus hupehensis tree providing abundant red it was tested. It has proven to be adaptable to flowers and small, very glossy red fruits, Northern pear growing areas such as Summerland, having resistance to defoliation in hot humid British Columbia, Harrow, Ontario, and summers and to leaf injury from apple scab Kentsville, Nova Scotia, Canada, having been fungus or mildew which severely affects other selected to fill these Northern pear growing similar trees in an adjacent area, the tree rootstock needs. Plant patent - United States growing rapidly and displaying a wide spreading Patent and Trademark Office. Nov 1, 1988. crown. Plant patent - United States Patent and (6362). 3 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65
Trademark Office. Feb 13, 1990. (7147). 2 p. P69) . plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 )
0037 0034 Reimer cultivar pear tree.
Pear tree-- ' El 1 i ot ' Reimer, F. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A
Ryugo, K. Washington. D.C. : The Office. A new pear tree, which is a planned cross between Max and distinct variety of pear tree primarily Red Bartlett and Comice is characterized by its characterized by its tolerance to the heavy crop of large red-skinned fruit of fire-blight organism. (Erwinia amylovora), and excellent dessert quality which long storage further characterized by a blooming habit life. Plant patent - United States Patent and concurrent with 'Bartlett'; skin with firm and Trademark Office. Aug 9, 1988. (6245). 2 p. buttery texture, and fruit with a flavor which plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) . is excellent to good. The keeping quality of the fruit is good to excellent. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Dec 6, 1988. (6452). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69)
0035
Pear tree- -Red Winter.
Zanzi, G. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A new and distinct asexual ly reproduced pear tree called Red Winter, as illustrated and described. The fruit s large, light yellow-red in color and has a v^ sweet flavor. It ripens approximately thirty-rive days after the William Barlett variety and has an exceptionally long shelf life under the conditions existing in the Ferrara region of Northern Italy. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. July 4, 1989.
(6897). 1 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65
P69 ) .
10 ECONOMICS
0038
Can the apple Industry meet the challenges in the future?.
ARHMA. Miller, J.L. East Lansing. Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 87-88. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58).
0039
Deciduous fruit update: world and Southern Hemisphere. denni, 0. Washington, D.C. : The Service. Horticultural products review FHORT - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. Includes statistical data. Feb 1990. (2-90). p. 20-38. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSB319.4.F6) .
11 ......
ECONOMICS OF AGRIC. PRODUCTION
0040 0046
Apple cultivars for 3cess1ng. Grower production costs.
Way, R.D. McLella M.R. New York : Van NEMFA. Gerling, W.D. North Amherst, Mass. : The Nostrand Reinhold ;1989. Processed apple Association. New England fruit meetings ... products / edited b', Donald L. Downing, p. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - 1-29. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association.
Call No.: DNAL TP44 1 . A6P76 ) . Statistics for 1984. 1986. v. 92. p. 28-35. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384).
0041 0047 Application of an apple production and profitability microcomputer model In pomology New directions In horticulture. teach 1 ng. ARHMA. Loescher, W. East Lansing, Mich. : The - H JHSA . Creasy, L.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society. Annual report Michigan State
Society for Horticultural Science. Hor tSc i ence Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 48-53. Oct 1986. V. 21 (5). p. 1176-1177. Includes (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6).
0048 0042 Of crops and crawfish: diversity sweeps the Arizona apple Industry at a glance. South.
ARHMA. Kilby, M. East Lansing, Mich. : The AGREA. Kaplan, O.K. Washington, D.C. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Service. Agricultural research - U.S. Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural 247-248. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) Research Service. Dec 1990. v. 38 (12). p. 24-25. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84).
0043 0049 Challenges to the apple industry- -what are they and can we handle them. Ohio apple production: national market
ARHMA. Franzblau, d. East Lansing, Mich. The perspect 1 ves
Society. Annual report - Michigan State Stout, T.T. Uchida, S.A.; Funt , R.C. Wooster, - Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 89-90. Ohio : The Center. Research bulletin Ohio (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). Agricultural Research and Development Center. Aug 1991. (1188). 20 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S (2)).
0044
Economic analysis of commercial, fresh-market, 0050 irrigated apple production in Arkansas, 1987. Kirchner, D.A. Price, C; Rom, R.; Garner, C.R. U.S. apple supplies other than Washington
Fayet tev i 1 1 e , Ark. The Station. Special state. - report University of Arkansas, Agricultural PWHAA. Derr, D.I. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Experiment Station. Includes statistical data. Association. Proceedings - Washington State June 1988. (131). 46 p. maps. Includes Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. 72. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 AR42SP). 74, 76, 78. 80. 82, 84-85. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273).
0045 0051 Economic losses from the tarnished plant bug on apple In eastern New York. Yield and production efficiency of four apple Weires, R.W. VanKirk, J.R.; Gerling, W.D.; cultivars in selected orchard management McNicholas, F.M. Clemson, S.C. South Carolina systems Entomological Society. Journal of agricultural JOSHB. Ferree, D.C. Funt, R.C; Bishop. B.L. entomology. July 1985. v. 2 (3). p. 256-263. Alexandria, Va . : The Society. Trees of Golden Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Delicious', Topred Delicious',
S8599 . J69) M i 1 1 ersturdeespur Delicious', and Sundale Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica
Borkh. ) were grown in two or more of the following orchard management systems established in 1973: slender spindle (SS), 2151 trees/ha, Golden Delicious' and Sundale Golden Delicious'; trellis (TR), 1121 trees/ha, all cultivars; interstem hedgerow (IH), 795
12 .
(ECONOMICS OF AGRIC. PRODUCTION) trees/ha, all cultivars; and pyramid hedgerow (PH), 425 trees/ha. Golden Delicious' and Topred Delicious'. Yields of Golden Delicious' in the SS and TR were similar during the first 7 years and these systems generally produced higher yields than the 1 ess - i ntens i ve systems IH and PH) during this period. Except for a drop in yield in the TR system in year 10, Golden Delicious' trees >8 years old in all systems produced >50 t.ha-1. Topred' in the TR system outyielded IH and PH every year, while IH had higher yields than PH in three out of the eight cropping years. The spur-type cultivars Sundale and M i 1 1 ersturdeespur had lower yields per hectare than the standard-habit cultivars because they were spaced too widely. Yields of the systems with Sundale' generally followed plant density, with the SS being highest, IH lowest, and TR in between and often not significantly different from the other two systems. Orchard management systems had no consistent effects on fruit size. The cumulative yield per hectare of Golden Delicious' over 11 years grown as SS outproduced the IH and PH systems, with the TR yields intermediate. Sundale' managed as SS outproduced both the TR and IH systems. Topred' in the TR had higher cumulative yields per hectare than the PH system. An economic comparison of the Golden Delicious' systems indicated that PH provided the highest rate of return and the SS the lowest, with the IH and TR systems intermediate. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1989. V. 114 (6). p. 863-868. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012).
0052
1984 Georgia commercial apple tree survey.
GARRA. Hubbard, E.E. Purcel 1 , J.C. Athens, Ga. - : The Stations. Research report University of Georgia, College of Agriculture, Experiment Stations. Includes statistical data. Mar 1985. (471). 11 p. Includes 8 references. (NAL Call
No. : DNAL S51 . E22)
0053
1985 estimated cost of producing red delicious apples, Columbia Basin, Central Washington. WUEXA. Hinman, H.R. Hunter, R.E.; Tukey, R.B.
Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Aug 1985. (1159, rev.). 17 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P).
13 . . . .
FARM ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
0054 0060
Apple tree management to obtain early and Economic analysis of commercial, fresh-market, sustained production. irrigated apple production in Arkansas, 1987.
NEMFA. Costante, J.F. North Amherst, Mass. : Kirchner, D.A. Price, C; Rom, R.; Garner, C.R.
The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Fayettev 1 1 1 e , Ark. : The Station. Special Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - report - University of Arkansas, Agricultural Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Experiment Station. Includes statistical data. Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort June 1988. (131). 46 p. maps. Includes and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 AR42SP). 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 28-34. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384)
0061
0055 An economic analysis of orchard rejuvenation 1 n response to the reduction or the elimination of Big apples- -how do we get them?. the use of Alar.
PWHAA. Heinicke, D.R. Wenatchee, Wash. : The NEMFA. Kimball, M. Autio, W.R. North Amherst. - Association. Proceedings Washington State Mass. : The Association. New England fruit Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual 107-109. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. v. 93. p. 44-52. (NAL Call
No. : DNAL 81 M384)
0056
Caring for pears, a delicate fruit. 0062 CSMOBF. Knickerbocker, B. Boston, Mass. Christian Science Pub. Society. The Christian Economic analysis of protectant and Science monitor. Oct 24, 1990. v. 82 (230). p. disease-forecast-based fungicide spray programs
15. (NAL Call No.: DNAL A0006 1 ) for control of apple scab and grape black rot in Ohio. PLDIDE. Funt, R.C. Ellis, M.A.; Madden, L.V.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical 0057 Society. Plant disease. Sept 1990. v. 74 (9). p. 638-642. Includes references. (NAL Call No.:
Costs of producing fresh apples in western DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . Michigan. MUCBA. Kelsey, M.P. Schwallier, P. East
Lansing, Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, 0063 Michigan State University. In subseries: Ag Facts. Oct 1989. (1107, major rev.). 4 p. (NAL Economic threshold for tarnished plant bug
Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B ) . (Hemiptera: Miridae) in apple orchards. JEENAI. Michaud, O.D. Boivin, G.; Stewart, R.K. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Economic injury levels (EIL) and economic 0058 thresholds (ET) for tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) on apple tree The costs of producing poor quality fruit in (Malus sylvestris Mill.) were established with the fresh fruit industry. sticky traps and a beating tray. ETs were based
NEMFA. Castaldi, M. North Amherst, Mass. : The on 1987 apple and chemical control costs and Association. New England fruit meetings ... assuming that a period of 24 h would be Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - required for control implementation. EILs Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. ranged from 0.5 to 2.8 cumulative captures per Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort sticky trap and 0.8 to 4.5 cumulative captures and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, per 50 limb taps, depending on the insecticide 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 54-58. (NAL Call No.: used and the period of apple tree phenology DNAL 81 M3a4). during which L. lineolaris were captured. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1989. v. 82 (6). p. 1722-1728. Includes references. (NAL
Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) . 0059
Early performance and economic value of feathered apple trees on semi -standard 0064 rootstocks JOSHB. Ferree, D.C. Rhodus, W.T. Alexandria, Estimated cost of replanting to a high density
Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Fuji apple orchard on full dwarf rootstock in Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1987. v. central Washington. 112 (6). p. 906-909. Includes references. (NAL WUEXA. Hinman, H. Peterson, B.; Williams, K.;
Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . Maib, K. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington State
14 ......
(FARM ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT)
University, Cooperative Extension Service. 0071 Includes statistical data. Aug 1991. (1635). 34 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Invest In research.
275.29 W27P) WEFGA. Sulecki, J.C. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Jan 1988. v. 108 (1). p. 25-27. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W).
0065
Federal loans only help for state's 0072 frosted- ravaged apple growers.
Shannon, M. Tempe, Ariz. : The Journal. Arizona Lake Ontario region, 1987.
farmer-stockman. Aug 1988. v. 67 (8). p. 30-31. DeMarree, A.M. Ithaca, N.Y. : The Department. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 6 AR44). A.E. Ext. - New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Department of Agricultural Economics. In subseries: Fruit Farm Business 0066 Summary.- Includes statistical data. Aug 1988. (88-17). 15 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 281.9 Financial analysis of an apple orchard in C81AE) southeastern Arizona. Wade, J.C. Wright, N.G.; Kilby, M.W. Tucson,
Ariz. : The Service. Publication Cooperative Extension Service, University of 0073 Arizona, College of Agriculture. Dec 1986.
(8662). 12 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . A6C6 ) Management practices at Paradise Orchards Limited. CFRTA. Carruthers, R.R. East Lansing, Mich. International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. 0067 Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree Fruit size- -the moneymaker. Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987.
PWHAA. Schotzko, T. Wenatchee, Wash. : The 1987. V. 20. p. 19. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 Association. Proceedings - Washington State D96) Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 92-96. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273).
0074
0068 Modeling to generate alternatives in a multi period context: apple growers and alar.
The H-2A program and southern agriculture. Kimball, M.A. Morgantown, W.Va. : The
Emerson, R.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Department. Staff paper - University of Economics Association. Northeastern journal of Florida, Food and Resource Economics agricultural and resource economics. Oct 1988. Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural V. 17 (2). p. 139-146. Includes references.
Sciences. Feb 1988. (323). 16 p. Includes (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD 1 773 . A2N6 ) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD 1 75 1 . A 1 S73 )
0075 0069 Okanogan growers find pears profitable.
How can we grow and maintain quality apples and WEFGA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister cherries. Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Oct 1988. v. 108 ARHMA. Carpenter, W.S. East Lansing, Mich. (10). p. 16F. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 The Society. Annual report - Michigan State G85W) Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 96-100. (NAL Can No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) 0076
0070 Pesticide use and levels of insect and scab injury on fruit in Nova Scotia apple orchards How can we grow and maintain quality apples and JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Rogers, R.E.L.; cherries. MacLellan, C.R. College Park, Md.
ARHMA. Rasch, F. East Lansing, Mich. : The Entomological Society of America. Journal of Society. Annual report - Michigan State economic entomology. Aug 1987. v. 80 (4). p. Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 93-95. 979-984. Includes references. (NAL Call No.:
(NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) . DNAL 421 J822).
15 . . . . .
(FARM ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT)
0077 0083
Production keys to a successful orchard Washington's apple orchards: far from an busi ness idyllic place in the country.
NEMFA. Lord, W.G. North Amherst, Mass. : The Cox, C. Eugene, Or. : The Coalition. Journal of
Association. New England fruit meetings ... pesticide reform : a publication of the Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Pesticides. Spring 1991. v. 11 (1). p. 26. Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, SB950.2.A1J58) 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 40-42. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384).
0084
0078 1985 estimated costs of producing Red Delicious applies, Columbia Basin, central Washington.
The substi tutabi 1 i ty of domestic and foreign WUEXA. Hinman, H.R. Hunter, R.E.; Tukey, R.B. labor in agricultural production. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension Adu-Nyako, K. Emerson, R.D. Gainesville, Fla. bulletin - Washington State University, The Department. Staff paper - University of Cooperative Extension Service. Aug 1985. Florida, Food and Resource Economics (1159, rev.). 18 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29
Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural W27P) . Sciences. Paper presented at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meetings, July 31-August 3, 1988, Knoxville, Tennessee. July 1988. (335). 18 p. Includes 0085 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD 1 75 1 . A 1 S73 ) . 1987 estimated cost of producing apples in the Wenatchee Area. WUEXA. Oickrell, P. A. Hinman, H.R.; Tvergyak, 0079 P.J. Pullman, Wash. The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Take your pick, it's apple time. Cooperative Extension Service. Includes
CSMOBF. Hanes, P. Boston, Mass. : Christian statistical data. Sept 1987. (1472). 15 p. (NAL Science Pub. Society. The Christian Science Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). monitor. Oct 3, 1990. p. 14. (NAL Call No.:
DNAL A00061 )
0086
0080 1989 estimated costs of producing pears in the Yakima Valley, Washington. Taking the green out of Red Delicious. WUEXA. Hinman, H.R. Peterson, 8.; Williams, K.
Charlotte, N.C. Shaw Communications . Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension Business, North Carolina. Oct 1990. v. 10 (10). bulletin - Washington State University, p. 10. (NAL Call No.: DNAL A00039 ) Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: Farm Busines Management Reports. Oct 1989. (1549). 21 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P).
0081
Training apple pickers to reduce bruising 0087 during harvest.
ARHMA. Ebers, V. East Lansing, Mich. : The 1989 estimated costs of reestablishing a pear Society. Annual report - Michigan State orchard in the Yakima Valley, Washington.
.-irticul tural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 85-87. WUEXA. Hinman, JH . Peterson, B.; Williams, K.
(NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: Farm Business Management Reports.- Includes 0082 statistical data. Aug 1989. (1535). 27 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). Trends and geographic shifts in the Georgia apple industry.
GARRA. Hubbard, E.E. Purcel 1 , J.C. Athens, Ga.
: The Stations. Research report - University of Georgia, College of Agriculture, Experiment Stations. Includes statistical data. Dec 1985. (488). 12 p. maps. Includes 6 references. (NAL
Cal 1 No. : DNAL S51 . E22)
18 COOPERATIVES
0088
Cooperatives in the apple industry / Gilbert W.
B i ggs .
Biggs, Gilbert W. 1919-. Washington, D.C. : Agricultural Cooperative Service, 1987. Cover
title. V. 30 p. ill., map ; 28 cm. Bibliography: p. 12. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
aHD1491 . A1U542 no. 64).
17 RURAL SOCIOLOGY
0089
Mixing apples and oranges.
Thompson, C.J. Madison : s.n. . Journal of extension. Spring 1985. v. 23. p. 10-13. Includes 4 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
275.28 J82) ......
DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING
0090 0096
An analysis of intraseasonal apple price Cashing In on apples. --. movementsby E.C. Pasour, Jr. WEFGA. Derr, D.I. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister
Pasour, E. C. Washington, D.C. : Marketing Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1986. v. Economics Division, Economic Research Service, 106 (9). p. 6-7. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1965. 12 p. --. Bibliography: p. 12. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Fiche S-82 no. 224). 0097
Control] ed-atmosphere cold storage as a 0091 quarantine treatment for nondi apausing codling
moth ( Lepldoptera: Tortricidae) larvae In Anatomy of a disaster. apple.
O'Rouke, A.D. New York, N.Y. : John Wiley. JEENAI. Toba, H.H. Moffitt, H.R. Lanham, Md
Agribusiness. Sept 1990. v. 6 (5). p. 417-424. Entomological Society of America. Nond i apaus i ng Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) in immature
HD1401 . A56) apples were held in commercial
control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage at O +/- 0.28 degrees C, 95-100% RH, and atmospheric components of 1.5-2.0% 02, <^% C02, with the 0092 remainder being mainly N2. Based on adult emergence, survival decreased from 73% at 0 wk Apple growing In a severe climate. to 0% after a 13-wk exposure. A large-scale NEMFA. Estabrooks, E.N. North Amherst, Mass. test of infested apples held in
The Association. New England fruit meetings ... control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage for 13 wk Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - resulted in no adult emergence from an Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. estimated 142,021 immature larvae, including an Includes history of apple production and estimated 40,389 fifth instars, the most marketing in New Brunswick. 1986. v. 92. p. tolerant stage. No live larvae or pupae were 42-48. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). found when infested apples were sampled after treatment. Because codling moth eggs are also susceptible to low temperatures,
control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage for a 0093 minimum of 13 wk is a potential quarantine treatment for codling moth eggs and larvae in Apple market Investigations, 1914-15 /by apples. Journal of economic entomology. Aug Clarence W. Moomaw and M.M. Stewart. 1991. V. 84 (4). p. 1316-1319. Includes Moomaw, Clarence W. 1880-. Stewart, Milton references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822).
Mel vin,_1885- . Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1915. Caption title.- "September
15, 1915.". 23 p. , 1 leaf of plates : charts ; 24 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 Ag84B no. 302). 0098
Cooperatives in the apple Industry / Gilbert W.
Biggs . 0094 Biggs, Gilbert W. 1919-. Washington, D.C. Agricultural Cooperative Service, 1987. Cover
Apple prices depressed following alar scare. title. V, 30 p. ill., map ; 28 cm.
Buxton, B.M. Rockville, Md. : The Service. Bibliography: p. 12. (NAL Call No.: DNAL - Agricultural outlook AO U.S. Department of aHD1491 . A1U542 no.64) . Agriculture, Economic Research Service. June 1989. (153). p. 16-18. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aHD1751 . A42) 0099
Deciduous fruit update: world and Southern 0095 Hemisphere.
Jenni, J. Washington, D.C. : The Service. Apple promotion sparks Interest. Horticultural products review FHORT - U.S.
WEFGA. Alemian, N.S. Willoughby, Ohio : Melster Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1987. v. Service. Includes statistical data. Feb 1990. 107 (9). p. 12-13. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 (2-90). p. 20-38. (NAL Call No.: DNAL G85W) aSB319.4. F6)
19 , . . . .
(DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING)
0100 0103
Despite challenges, U.S. remains top apple Foreign market promotion programs: an analysis supplier to Taiwan. of promotion response for apples, poultry, and
Gyawu , D. Washington, D.C. : The Service. tobacco Foreign agriculture - United States Department Rosson, CP. III. Hammig, M.D.; Jones, J.W. New of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, York : John Wiley. Agribusiness, an dune 1986. v. 24 (6). p. 9-11. ill. (NAL Call international journal. Spring 1986. v. 2 (1).
No. : DNAL A281 .9 F76F0) . p. 33-42. Includes 16 references. (NAL Call
No. : DNAL HD1401 . A56 )
0101 0104 Effects of fruit size on apple growers' packinghouse door receipts. The fresh apple market: riding out the rough
WUEXA. Schotzko, R.T. Pullman, Wash. : The waves - Service. Extension bulletin Washington State Gyawu, D.A.T. Washington, D.C. : The Service. University, Cooperative Extension Service. Mar Foreign Agriculture Circular. Horticultural 1985. (1324). 6 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 products - FHORT - United States Department of
W27P) . Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. Mar 1986. (3-86). p. 7-13. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSB319.4.F6)
0102
Evaluation of a methyl bromide quarantine 0105 treatment to control codling moth ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on nectarine cultivars proposed Gala, a new early-maturing apple variety. for export to Japan. Stebbins, R.L. Corvallis, Or. The Service. - JEENAI. Yokoyama, V.Y. Miller. G.T.; Hartsel 1 PNW bulletin Pacific Northwest Extension
P.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of Publication, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho America. Our experiments showed that testing State Universities, Cooperative Extension required by regulatory agencies to demonstrate Service. July 1987. (319). 4 p. ill. (NAL Call the efficacy of a quarantine treatment using 48 No.: DNAL 275.29 W27PN). g/m3 methyl bromide for 2 h at 21 degrees C or above and 50% load was unnecessary to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), on every nectarine cultivar proposed for export to 0106
i Japan. Ov i pos t i onal tests for codling moth on nine nectarine cultivars showed no differences Gearing up for the record crop. in acceptability among cultivars that might WEFGA. Stockwin. W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister cause higher populations in harvested fruit and Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1987. v. affect quarantine security levels. Measurements 107 (9). p. 8H. ill. (NAL Call No.; DNAL 80 of egg chorion and fruit cuticle showed that G85W) codling moth eggs were not affected by different nectarine cultivars and other fruit substrates. No differences that would reduce the efficacy of the methyl bromide quarantine 0107 treatment were found in codling moth mortality to methyl bromide fumigation in dose- response Georgia's apples for flavor and freshness, tests on different substrates, including they're the pick of the crop. nectarine, peach, plum, and apple cultivars and Walk, J. Atlanta, Ga . : Georgia Electric waxed paper. A confirmatory test resulted in Membership Corporation. Rural Georgia. Oct 100% mortality of 27,174 1-d-old codling moth 1989. V. 45 (10). p. 4. ill. (NAL Call No. eggs. The true survival proportion based on all DNAL 335 . 8 R887 ) . confirmatory tests was less than or equal to 20 per 1 million at the 95% CL. A concentration X time product of (average +/- SD ) 68.0 +/- 3.0 g.h/m3 methyl bromide was considered a useful 0108 measurement to help maintain treatment security for control of codling moth on all nectarine High density fruit production systems of the cultivars. Journal of economic entomology. Apr world.
1990. V. 83 (2). p. 466-471. Includes PWHAA. Blizzard, S. Wenatchee, Wash. : The references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. 10, 12, 14, 16. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273).
20 .. .
(DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING)
0109 0115
Intraseasonal supply and demand functions for Ohio apple production: national market apples / by E.G. Pasour, Jr. and Robert L. perspectives
Gustafson . Stout, T.T. Uchida. S.A.; Funt , R.C. Wooster, - Pasour, E. C. Gustafson, Robert L. East Ohio : The Center. Research bulletin Ohio
Lansing, M1ch. : Agricultural Experiment Agricultural Research and Development Center. Station, Michigan State University, 1966. Cover Aug 1991. (1188). 20 p. Includes references. title. 89 p. ; 24 cm. Bibliography: p. 87-89. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 QH3S (2)). (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 M58R no. 10).
0116 0110 Pear bureau--do you really want a new look?.
'Jonagold': an apple for the 21st century. PWHAA. Hull, D. Wenatchee, Wash. : The FVRJA. Schechter, I. Proctor, J.T.A. University Association. Proceedings - Washington State
Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. varieties journal. Jan 1989. v. 43 (1). p. 4-6. 189-192. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
80 F9464) .
0117
0111 Red Pears: carving a place in the market.
WEFGA. Rogers, H.T. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Marketing a winner. Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Dec 1985. v. 105
WEFGA. Derr, D. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. (12). p. a, 10. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1988. v. 108 (9). p. 6-7. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W).
0118
0112 Red pears: carving a place in the market.
Rogers, H.T. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Marketing changes for apples sold in Publishing Company. American fruit grower. Dec Pittsburgh, December 194g-May 1950 /by H.W. 1985. V. 105 (12). p. 8, 10. (NAL Call No.: Bitting and Henry T. Badger. DNAL 80 G85) Bitting, H. Wayne 1911-. Badger, Henry
T._1923-. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
1951. Cover title. 27 p. : ill., charts ; 26 0119 cm. Includes bibliographical references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 Ag84Ab no. 47). Reflections on a year with reduced Alar use--a wholesaler's view.
NEMFA. lannacci , J. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... 0113 Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987 New directions in horticulture. V. 93. p. 54-55. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384).
ARHMA. Loescher, W. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 48-53. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). 0120
Retail marketing of apples by a chain store warehouse in Philadelphia /by Harry S. Gabriel. 0114 Gabriel, Harry S., 1892-. Newark, Del. University of Delaware Agricultural Experiment
The Northeast apple industry a joint project of Station, 1938. Cover title. 43 p. ; 23 cm. (NAL
Farm Credit Bank qf Springfield ... /author, Call No.: DNAL 100 D37S (1) no . 208 ) James N. Putnam, II. Putnam, James N. Springfield, Mass. (P.O. Box
141, Springfield 01102) : The Bank, c1989.
"June 1989.". iv, 58 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (NAL 0121
Call No.: DNAL HD9259 . A6A 1 1 56 ) . Some market power implications of the shipping act of 1984: a case study of the U.S. to Pacific rim transportation markets.
Wilson, W.W. Casavant , K.L. Lincoln, Neb. Western Agricultural Economics Association. Western journal of agricultural economics. Dec 1991. V. 16 (2). p. 427-434. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD1750.W4).
21 . .
(DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING)
0122 0128
Storing and marketing New York State apples Who's the apple grower's competition and what based on i ntraseasonal demand relationships can he do about i t
/Shau1 Ben-David and William G. Tomek. PWHAA. O'Rourke, A.D. Wenatchee, Wash. : The - Ben-David, Shaul . Tomek, William G.,_1932-. Association. Proceedings Washington State
Geneva, N.Y. : New York Agricultural Experiment Horticultural Association. 1987. (83rd). p.
Station, 1965. Cover title. 35 p. ; 23 cm. 182-188. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). Bibliography; p. 35. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 N48 (2) no. 1007)
0129
0123 Work together for strong apple prices.
WEFGA. Meister, R.T. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Strategic alternatives for the New York apple Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1988. v. industry /Bruce L. Anderson. 108 (9). p. 18-20. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80
Anderson, Bruce L. Ithaca, N.Y. : Dept. of G85W) . Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Cornell University, 1989 . "September 1989.". 0130
101 p. ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89 -90). (NAL Call No.: DNAL World supply of apples.
281 .9 C81A no. 89-15) . PWHAA. Graden, U. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. 86, 88-89. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 0124
U.S. apple and pear trade summary.
Jenni, J. Washington, D.C. : The Service. 0131 Horticultural products review FHORT - U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural , 1984 Georgia commercial apple tree survey.
Service. Includes statistical data. Oct 1989. GARRA. Hubbard, E.E. Purcel 1 , J.C. Athens, Ga. - (10-89). p. 9-12. (NAL Call No.: DNAL : The Stations. Research report University of aSB319.4. F6) . Georgia, College of Agriculture, Experiment Stations. Mar 1985. (471). 11 p. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S51.E22).
0125
U.S. apple producers under pressure.
Sparks, A. Rockville, Md . : The Service. Agricultural outlook AO - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. May 1989. (152). p. 18-19. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aHD1751 . A42) .
0126
Varieties of apples for market / by L.H.
Bailey, Jr. . Bailey, L. H. 1858-1954. Lansing
Agricultural College of Michigan, 1887 . Cover title.- "Department of horticulture and "- landscape garden 1 ng -Cover . 6 p. ; 24 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 M58S no. 23).
0127
Washington Apple Commission report.
PWHAA. Hale, T. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1989. (85th). p.
104-106. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273 ) .
22 . . ; .
GRADING, STANDARDS, LABELLING
0132 0137
Development of a sampling plan and application Spectrophotometric study of bruises on whole of a grading scheme for determining apple red delicious apples. packout losses. Upchurch, B.L. Affeldt, H.A.; Norris, K.A.;
HJHSA. Hogmire, H.W. Baugher, T.A.; Ingle. M. Throop, J. A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society.
Lightner, G.W. Alexandria, Va. : American American Society of Agricultural Engineers Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the Aug 1989. v. 24 (4). p. 628-630. Includes 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order 0133 Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6566). 16 p. Development of a system for automated detection Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE of apple bruises. S-72) Taylor, R.W. Rehkugler, G.E. St. Joseph, Mich.
: ASAE, C1985. Agri-Mation 1 : proceedings,
Agri-Mation 1 Conference & Exposition, Feb 25-28, 1985, Palmer House Hotel, Chicago, Illinois / sponsored by American Society of Agricultural Engineers and Society of Ma. p. 53-62. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.:
DNAL S671 .3.A35 1985) .
0134
Impact parameters related to bruising in selected fruits. Garcia, C. Ruiz, M.; Chen, P. St. Joseph, Mich.
: The Society. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6027). 17 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72).
0135
Maturity standards for harvesting Bartlett pears for eastern shipment /F.W. Allen. Allen, F. W. 1887-. Berkeley, Cal Agricultural Experiment Station, 1929. Cover title. 27 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 24 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 C12S no. 470).
0136
Maturity standards tested: maturity standards for Granny Smith apples are still being developed.
WEFGA. Klassen, P. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1987. v. 107 (9). p. 8A-8B. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W)
23 . . . CONSUMER ECONOMICS
0138
The alar controversy: how an outraged public banned a carcinogenic chemical.
Hathaway, J.S. Eugene, Or. : The Coalition.
Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of the Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides. Fall 1990. v. 10 (3). p. 4-6. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB950.2.A1J58)
0139
Apple prices depressed following alar scare.
Buxton, B.M. Rockville, Md. : The Service. Agricultural outlook AO - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. June 1989. (153). p. 16-18. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aHD1751 . A42)
0140
Is there a future for Fuji?.
WEFGA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Dec 1987. v. 107 (12). p. 20L. 20N. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W)
0141
Production and marketing options for New Hampshire apple growers.
Manalo, A.B. Lord, W.G. Durham, N.H. : The Station. Research report - New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. Apr 1990. (123). 7 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 589. E2).
24 .
PLANT PRODUCTION - GENERAL
0142
The H-2A program and southern agriculture.
Emerson, R.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Department. Staff paper - University of Florida, Food and Resource Economics Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Feb 1988. (323). 16 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD 1 75 1 . A 1 S73 )
25 ......
PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS
0143 0149
Adjust to conditions. Apple aphids in Ohio /C.R. Cutright.
WEFGA. Klassen, P. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Cutright, Clifford Reginald, 1893-. Wooster,
Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Nov 1986. v. 106 Ohio : Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station,
(11). p. 16F, 16H. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 1930. Cover title. 59 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. G85W) Bibliography: p. 58-59. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S (2) no. 464).
0144 0150 Agricultural chemicals for North Carolina apples. Apple growing in a severe climate.
Walgenbach, J.F. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service. NEMFA. Estabrooks, E.N. North Amherst, Mass. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension The Association. New England fruit meetings Service, North Carolina State University. Jan Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - 1989. (37, rev.). 38 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association.
S544.3.N6N62) . Includes history of apple production and marketing in New Brunswick. 1986. v. 92. p.
42-48. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 )
0145
The alar controversy: how an outraged public 0151 banned a carcinogenic chemical
Hathaway, J.S. Eugene, Or. : The Coalition. Apple orchard management in relation to
Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of qual i ty the Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. : Pesticides. Fall 1990. v. 10 (3). p. 4-6. The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - SB950.2.A1 J58) Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. V. 93. p. 64-67. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384).
0146 0152 Annual deblossoming increases fire blight susceptibility of 'Golden Del icious'/M. 9 apple Apple production in Arkansas. trees Patterson, W.K. McDaniel , M.C.; Jones, B.F. - FVRJA. Schupp. d.R. Ferree, D.C. University Little Rock, Ark. : The Service. EC
Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit University of Arkansas, Cooperative Extension varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. Service. Nov 1988. (542, rev.). 73 p. (NAL Call
40-44. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: No. : DNAL 275.29 AR4) .
DNAL 80 F9464 )
0153 0147 Apple production without alar.
The apple. ARHMA. Hull, J. Jr. East Lansing, Mich. : The Crocker, T.E. Sherman W.B. Gainesville, Fla. Society. Annual report - Michigan State University of Florida Agricultural Extension Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. 115-119. Service. Fruit crops facts sheet. 1986 (14). 4 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB354.F693).
0154 0148 Apple quality influenced by triazole growth Apple and cherry pest control in retardants
Wisconsin--1988. JFOUD. Curry, E.A. Westport, Conn. : Food & Mahr, D.L. Jeffers, S.N.; Binning, L.K.; Stang, Nutrition Press. Journal of food quality. 1988. - E.J. Madison, Wis. : The Service. Publication V. 11 (2). p. 79-87. ill. Includes references. University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP373.5.J6). Service. 1988. (A3314). 30 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544.3.W6W53).
26 . . . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0155 0158
Apple rootstocks. Apples: managing pesticides for crop production
Ferree, D.C. Carlson, R.F. New York : Wiley, and water quality protection--a supplement to 1987. Rootstocks for fruit crops / edited by the I FAS Pest Control Guides. Roy C. Rom, Robert F. Carlson. Literature Hornsby, A.G. Buttler, T.M.; Crocker, T.E.; review, p. 107-143. ill. Includes references Mizell, R.F. Ill; Dunn, R.A.; Simone, G.W. - (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB359 . 45 . R6 ) Gainesville, Fla. : The Service. Circular Florida Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: Water Quality Initiative Series. May 1991. (962). 11 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 0156 F66C).
Apple thinning by photosynthetic inhibition. JOSHB. Byers, R.E. Garden, J. A.; Polomski, R.F.; Young, R.W.; Carbaugh, D.H. Alexandria, 0159
Va. : The Society. Shading (92%) of 'Redchief Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees Apples of my eye. for 10-day periods from 10 to 20, 15 to 25, 20 Page, S. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press, Inc. to 30, and 25 to 35 days after full bloom Organic gardening. Jan 1991. v. 38 (1). p. (DAFB) caused greater fruit abscission than 50-54. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S605.5.074). shading from 5 to 15, 30 to 40, 35 to 45, or 47 to 57 DAFB. Fruit 8 to 33 mm in diameter (10 to 30 DAFB) were very sensitive to 10 days of shade, even though fruit sizes of 6 to 12 mm 0160 are considered the most sensitive to chemical thinners. In a second test, shading for 3 days Apples on the Lincoln canopy- -mechanized caused fruit thinning; 5 days of shade in the management periods 18 to 23, 23 to 28, and 28 to 33 DAFB HJHSA. Dunn. J.S. Stolp. M. Alexandria, Va. : caused greater thinning than 11 to 16 or 33 to American Society for Horticultural Science. 38 DAFB. Shading reduced photosynthesis (Pn) to HortScience. Paper presented at the "Workshop about one-third that of noncovered trees. on Orchard Systems Research with Deciduous Terbacil (50 mg(liter-l) + X-77 surfactant Trees," August 16, 1986, Davis, California. Aug (1250 mg.liter-1) applied with a handpump 1987. V. 22 (4). p. 568-572. ill. (NAL Call sprayer 5, 10, or 15 DAFB greatly reduced fruit No. : DNAL SB1 .H6) set and caused some leaf yellowing, particularly in the earliest treatments. Terbacil reduced Pn by more than 90% at 72 hours after application. Shoot growth of trees 0161 defruited by shade or terbacil was equivalent to defruited or deblossomed trees; ethephon Apples quickly becoming a favored pick of the (1500 mg(liter-l) inhibited tree growth and crop. defruited trees. No terbacil residues were Denver, Colo. : American School Food Service dectected in fruit at harvest from applications Association. Abstract: Though an estimated made 5, 15, 20, 25, or 30 DAFB. Eleven of 12 7,500 varieties of apples are currently grown photosynthes i s- i nhi bi t i ng herbicides were also around the world, only about a dozen are grown found to thin 'Redchief Delicious' apple trees. commercially in quantity. These include Red Shading caused more thinning than terbacil at Delicious, Golden Delicious, Rome Beauty, the later applications, which may reflect Newtown Pippin, Winesap, and Granny Smith. The poorer absorption and/or lesser photosynthetic origin, appearance, flavor, and uses of each of inhibition than when terbacil was applied to these apples are described. Optimal growing and older leaves. Journal of the American Society storage conditions, and the nutritional for Horticultural Science. Jan 1990. v. 115 contribution of apples are also discussed. (1). p. 14-19. Includes references. (NAL Call School foodservice journal. June/July 1987. v.
No. : DNAL 81 S012) 41 (6). p. 92, 94. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8 SCH6).
0157 0162 Apple tree management to obtain early and sustained production. Application of an apple production and
NEMFA. Costante, J.F. North Amherst, Mass. : profitability microcomputer model in pomology
The Association. New England fruit meetings ... teach i ng. - Proceedings of the ... annual meeting HJHSA. Creasy, L.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort Oct 1986. V. 21 (5). p. 1176-1177. Includes and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 28-34. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384)
27 , . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0163 with CaC12, or received no further treatment. Although there was a tendency for fruit that
Arizona apple industry at a glance. had been sprayed and vacuum- i nf i 1 trated with Ca
ARHMA. Kilby, M. East Lansing, Mich. : The to exhibit the greatest degree of bitter pit Society. Annual report - Michigan State control, this treatment was not significantly Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. superior to Ca sprays alone. Vacuum 247-248. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). infiltration alone reduced the disorder to a lesser extent than Ca sprays and was more effective in reducing external than internal bitter bit. The results suggest that Ca 0164 applications over the growing season are
superior to postharvest vacuum- i nf i 1 trat i on Arthropod resistance in plant introduction with Ca in the prevention of bitter pit. accessions of Mai us sp. to some arthropod pests HortScience. Mar 1991. v. 26 (3). p. 284-286. of economic importance. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
FVRJA. Goonewardene , H.F. Povish, W.R. SB1 .H6)
University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. July 1988. v. 42 (3). p. 88-91. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 0169
Can the apple industry meet the challenges in the future?.
0165 ARHMA. Miller, J.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Arthropods in a scab, Venturia inaequalis Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 87-88.
( . ) i ( : Mycosphaere 1 1 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) Cke W nt . , Ascomycetes acea ) and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch),
(Acari: Tetranychidae) , resistant apple orchard in Indiana. FVRJA. Goonewardene, H.F. Bogyo, T.P. 0170 University Park, Pa. American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. Caring for pears, a delicate fruit.
42 (2). p. 52-65. Includes references. (NAL CSMOBF. Knickerbocker, B. Boston, Mass. : Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). Christian Science Pub. Society. The Christian Science monitor. Oct 24, 1990. v. 82 (230). p.
15. (NAL Call No.: DNAL A0006 1 )
0166
Big apples --how do we get them?. 0171
PWHAA. Heinicke, D.R. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Cashing in on apples.
Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. WEFGA. Derr, D.I. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister 107-109. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1986. v. 106 (9). p. 6-7. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W).
0167 0172 Biting into apple research. AGREA. Corliss, J. Stanley, D. Washington, D.C. Challenges in organic fruit production. - The Service. Agricultural research U.S. ARHMA. Van Diepen, J. East Lansing, Mich. : The Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Society. Annual report - Michigan State Research Service. Dec 1990. v. 38 (12). p. Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. 51-54.
18-23. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84). (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) .
0168 0173
Bitter pit control by sprays and vacuum Challenges to the apple industry--what are they infiltration of calcium in 'Cox's Orange and can we handle them.
Pippin' apples. ARHMA. Franzblau, J. East Lansing, Mich. : The HJHSA. Hewett, E.W. Watkins, C.B. Alexandria. Society. Annual report - Michigan State
Va . : American Society for Horticultural Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 89-90. Science. The incidence of external and internal (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). bitter pit in 'Cox's Orange Pippin' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit sprayed with normal therapeutic sprays either with or without Ca salts at 2-week intervals during the growing season was determined after 6 weeks of storage over 7 consecutive years. Following
harvest, fruit was either vacuum- i nf i 1 trated
28 . . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0174 aHD1491 . A1U542 no. 64)
Cold hardening of in vitro apple and saskatoon shoot cultures. HJHSA. Caswell, K.L. Tyler. N.J.; Stushnoff. C. 0180
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1986. The costs of producing poor quality fruit in V. 21 (5). p. 1207-1209. Includes references. the fresh fruit industry.
(NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). NEMFA. Castaldi, M. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 0175 Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, Comparison of normal strains and shear stresses 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 54-58. (NAL Call No.: at fracture in uniaxial compression and in a DNAL 81 M384). hem 1 spheroid geometry. TAAEA. Diehl, K.C. Ordonez. G.P.; Neo, T.H. St.
Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural 0181 Engineers. May/June 1986. v. 29 (3). p. 883-887. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Crabapp1es--a selection guide. DNAL 290.9 AM32T). MUCBA. Peterson, C. Heatley, R. East Lansing, - Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University. Apr 1989. (2177). 8 p. ill. (NAL
0176 Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B )
A Computer management system for Apple ("Mai us
X domestica" Borkh. ) germplasm with resistance to disease and arthropod pests /H.F. 0182 --. Goonewardene ... et a1 . .
Goonewardene , H. F. Washington, D.C.? : U.S. Daminozide, paclobutrazol and uniconazol Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research effects on 'Mcintosh' apples at harvest and
Service ; Springfield, Va. For sale from following air storage. NTIS, 1986. Caption title.- September 1986. 26 PPGGD. Elfving, D.C. Lougheed, E.C.; Chu, C.L.; p. ill. ; 28 cm. --. Bibliography: p. 25. Cline, R.A. Lake Alfred, Fla. : The Society. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aS21.R44A7 no. 53). Proceedings of the Plant Growth Regulator Society of America. Meeting held August 6-10, 1989, Arlington, Virginia. 1989. (16th). p. 40-41. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0177 SB128.P5)
Controlled -atmosphere storage of Starking Delicious apples in the Pacific Northwest / by
H.A. Schomer and G.F. Sainsbury . 0183 Schomer, Harold A. 1906-. Sainsbury, G.
F._1913-. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Daminozide, root pruning, trunk scoring, and Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, trunk ringing effects on fruit ripening and Marketing Research Division, 1957. Cover title. storage behavior of 'Mcintosh' apple.
i , 14 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. "Literature cited": JOSHB. Elfving, D.C. Lougheed, E.C; Cline, p. 14. (NAL Call No.: DNAL A280.39 M34Am R.A. Alexandria. Va. : The Society. A midsummer no. 178) foliar daminozide (DZ) application (750 mg
a. i. /I iter) to 'Macspur McI ntosh ' /M . 7 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) reduced preharvest drop and retarded flesh firmness 0178 loss and starch hydrolysis when tested at harvest; DZ also reduced fruit ethylene Controlling pear mites. production at harvest and after 19 weeks of
WEFGA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Melster storage at 0.5C. Root pruning at full bloom Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. June 1988. v. (May) resulted in increased soluble solids 108 (6). p. 8. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 concentration (SSC) and firmer flesh and less G85W) starch hydrolysis at harvest, but not consistently each year. Full -bloom root pruning reduced the incidence of stem-cavity browning and brown core, but again not each year. 0179 Full -bloom root pruning did not influence ethylene evolution at harvest but did reduce Cooperatives in the apple industry / Gilbert W. post-storage ethylene evolution in two of three
Biggs . seasons. Full -bloom root pruning generally was Biggs, Gilbert W. 1919-. Washington, D.C. less effective than DZ in altering fruit Agricultural Cooperative Service, 1987. Cover behavior, while root pruning later than full title. V, 30 p. ill., map ; 28 cm. bloom had virtually no effect. Trunk scoring or Bibliography: p. 12. (NAL Call No.: DNAL ringing increased SSC and retarded loss of
29 . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS) flesh firmness before harvest and following 0186 storage, but had little effect on starch hydrolysis. Scoring or ringing decreased Desiccation tolerance in bare-rooted apple incidence of some disorders and reduced trees prior to transplanting. post-storage ethylene evolution, although these Chen, T.H.H. Murakami, P.; Lombard, P.; treatments had little effect on ethylene Fuchigami, L.H. Washington, D.C. production at harvest. Trunk scoring influenced Horticultural Research Institute. Journal of some fruit characteristics more strongly than environmental horticulture. Mar 1991. v. 9 (1). DZ. Fruit size was not affected by any p. 13-17. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: treatment in any year. Journal of the American DNAL SB1 . J66) . Society for Horticultural Science. Mar 1991. v. 116 (2). p. 195-200. Includes references. (NAL
Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) 0187
Division of Entomology /C.H. Fernald. Division 0184 of Horticulture / Samuel T. Maynard. Fernald, C. H. 1838-1921. Maynard, Samuel
D'Anjou pear quality. T ._1844- 1923 . Amherst, Mass. : Hatch Experiment
Facteau, T. Portland : The Society. Annual Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural - report Oregon Horticultural Society. 1986. v. College, 1888. 35 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call
77. p. 101-112, 114-117. Includes references. No.: DNAL 100 M38H (1) no . 2 ) (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 QR32).
0188 0185 Division of Entomology /C.H. Fernald. Derivation of ORIS norms from a high-density Horticultural Department / Samuel T. Maynard. apple orchard established in the Quebec Department of Meteorology / CD. Warner. Appalachian Mountains. Fernald, C. H. 1838-1921. Maynard, Samuel
JOSHB. Parent, L.E. Granger, R.L. Alexandria, T _1844- 1923 Warner, Duane . Amherst. . ; Clarence .
Va. : The Society. Diagnosis and Mass. : Hatch Experiment Station of the Recommendations Integrated System (DRIS) norms Massachusetts Agricultural College, 1888. 16 p. for trees on dwarfing rootstocks were derived : ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 M38H from a 7-year fertilization trial on a Blanford ( 1 ) no . 1 ) loam (coarse loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Fragiorthod) in southern Quebec. Morspur
Mcintosh' (Malus domestica Borkh. ) scions budded on M.7, M.26, Gtt.3, or M.9 dwarfing 0189 rootstocks received 12 fertilization regimes involving N-, P-, K- , Ca-, and Mg-based Early performance and economic value of materials applied at three rites each. Top feathered apple trees on semi -standard yielding trees on Qtt.3 had lower Mg rootstocks. concentration in their leaves than those on JOSHB. Ferree. D.C. Rhodus, W.T. Alexandria, other rootstocks. Year-to-year variation of Va. : The Society. Journal of the American DRIS norms led to yearly defined DRIS norms. Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1987. v. Annual yields can be used instead of cumulative 112 (6). p. 906-909. Includes references. (NAL yields to generate DRIS norms, especially from Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 SO 1 2 ) . the 6th year after planting. If tissue samples are collected at the appropriate sampling period, incorporating the dry matter index into the nutrient balance equation (M-DRIS) of 0190 orchard trees helps to separate limiting from nonlimiting nutrients and also integrates An economic analysis of orchard rejuvenation in numerical information on nutrient response to the reduction or the elimination of concentrations and nutrient ratios. These the use of Alar. concentrations and ratios are commonly NEMFA. Kimball. M. Autio, W.R. North Amherst. diagnosed independently or concomitantly with Mass. : The Association. New England fruit the sufficiency range approach and with DRIS, meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual respectively, M-DRIS may be particularly useful meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' when available critical values are not fully Association. 1987. v. 93. p. 44-52. (NAL Call satisfactory, as was the case in this No. : DNAL 81 M384) . investigation. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1989. v. 114 (6). p. 915-919. Includes references. (NAL Call
No. : DNAL 81 S012) . 0191
Effect of a topically applied whitener on sun damage to Granny Smith apples. CAGRA. Sibbett, G.S. Micke, W.C.; Mitchell. F.G.; Mayer, G.; Yeager, J.T. Oakland, Calif. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. California
30 . . . )
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
agriculture. Jan/Feb 1991. v. 45 (1). p. 9-10. the young trees. Journal of economic in. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 C12CAG). entomology. Apr 1989. v. 82 (2). p. 565-569. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 0822).
0192
Effect of Aphis pomi (Homoptera: Aphldidae) 0197 density on apples. JEENAI. Hamilton. G.C. Swift, F.C.: Marini, R. Effect of seasonal soil waterlogging on College Park, Md. Entomological Society of vegetative growth and fruiting of apple trees.
America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr JOSHB. Olien, W.C. Alexandria, Va. : The 1986. V. 79 (2). p. 471-478. Includes Society. Journal of the American Society for references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Horticultural Science. Mar 1987. v. 112 (3). p. 209-214. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call
No. : DNAL 81 S012)
0193
Effect of early season foliar sprays of GA4+7 0198 on russet ing and return bloom of 'Golden Delicious' apple. Effect of soil management and calcium nitrate HJHSA. Meador, D.B. Taylor, B.H. Alexandria. fertilization on the availability of soil
Va. : American Society for Horticultural nitrate and cations In an eastern apple Science. HortScience. June 1987. v. 22 (3). p. orchard.
412-415. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: JOSHB. Glenn. D.M. Miller. S.S.; Habecker , M.A.
DNAL SB1 .H6) Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. May 1987. V. 112 (3). p. 436-440. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 0194
The effect of orchard floor management on tree growth. 0199 ARHMA. Parker. M. Hull. J. Jr. East Lansing, - Mich. : The Society. Annual report Michigan Effect of urea nitrogen on fruitful ness and State Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. fruit quality of Starkspur Golden Delicious 80-88. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). apple trees. JPNUDS. Tami. M. Lombard, P.B.; Righetti, T.L.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. 1986. v. 9 (1). p. 75-85. 0195 Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0K867. J67) Effect of paclobutrazol and analogs on growth, yield, fruit quality, and storage potential of 'Delicious' apples.
JOSHB. Greene, D.W. Alexandria, Va. : The 0200 Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. May 1986. v. 111 (3). p. Effects of daminozide and paclobutrazol 328-332. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: treatments on fruit ripening and storage
DNAL 81 SG12) . o behavior of 'Mcintosh' apple.
JOSHB. Elfving. D.C. Chu . C.L.; Lougheed, E.G.;
Cline, R.A. Alexandria. Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for 0196 Horticultural Science. Nov 1987. v. 112 (6). p. 910-915. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Effect of rosy apple aphid and spirea aphid DNAL 81 S012). (Homoptera: Aphidldae) on dry matter accumulation and carbohydrate concentration in young apple trees. JEENAI. Varn, M. Pfeiffer, D.G. Lanham, Md. 0201 Entomological Society of America. One-year-old apple trees grown in pots were artificially Effects of daminozide, paclobutrazol , and infested with either Dysaphis plantaginea uniconazole treatments on 'Mcintosh' apples at (Passerini) or Aphis spiraecola Patch. Feeding harvest and following storage. by D. plantaginea on 22-53% of the leaves on JOSHB. Elfving. D.C. Lougheed, E.C.; Chu, C.L.; the tree significantly reduced accumulation of Cline, R.A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. dry weight in all portions of the trees during Foliar daminozide (DZ) applications to the first season's growth. At the 10-leaf stage 'Mcintosh' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. of the second season, dry weights of trees increased fruit color, reduced preharvest drop, infested with D. plantaginea during the resulted in greater firmness at harvest and previous year were still significantly lower after air storage, delayed starch hydrolysis, than those of control trees. A spiraecola did and reduced fruit ethylene production at not reduce the accumulation of dry weight by harvest and after storage. Foliar paclobutrazol
31 . . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
(PBZ) reduced preharvest drop and flesh 0206 firmness loss if applied within 5 weeks after full bloom (WAFB). Later applications had no Evaluation of benzyl adeni ne as a chemical effect. PBZ did not influence the progress of thinner on 'Mcintosh' apples. starch hydrolysis or ethylene production at dOSHB. Greene, D.W. Autio, W.R. Alexandria, Va harvest but reduced poststorage ethylene : The Society. Five chemical thinning trials, production in one season. Stem-cavity browning conducted over 4 years, indicated that BA is an and brown core were increased by PBZ applied at effective thinner for 'Mcintosh' apples (Malus 5 and 9 WAFB in 1987. In 1988. fruit soluble domestica Borkh.). Although it can thin at solids content (SSC) was reduced by a double concentrations as low as 25 mg.liter-1, in most application of PBZ and by uniconazole (UCZ). years a higher concentration was required to UCZ had little effect on 'Mcintosh' fruit other thin adequately. It appeared that 14 to 18 days than the reduction in SSC. PBZ applications after full bloom, when fruit size was about 10 were less consistent in their effects than DZ. mm, may be the period when maximum thinning was Journal of the American Society for achieved. Greater thinning occurred when BA and Horticultural Science. Sept 1990. v. 115 (5). carbaryl were combined than when they were used p. 750-756. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: individually. BA increased fruit weight, flesh DNAL 81 S012). firmness, and soluble solids content at harvest relative to no thinning. The storage life of fruit treated with BA was less than that of fruit from nonthinned trees, but this effect 0202 may have been an indirect response related to the larger fruit size rather than a direct Effects of fungicides that Inhibit ergosterol response to the chemical. BA caused thinning biosynthesis on apple powdery mildew control, and induced lateral branching simultaneously on yield, and fruit growth factors. young 'Macspur Mcintosh' trees. Therefore, crop PLDRA. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul, load on trees just coming into production may
Minn. : American Phy topathol og i cal Society. be significantly reduced when BA is used to Plant disease. Apr 1986. v. 70 (4). p. 305-306. induce lateral branching. Chemical names used: ) Includes 16 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 N- ( pheny 1 me thy 1 - IH-pur i ne-6-am i ne
P69P) benzyl aden i ne (BA), 1 -naptha 1 eneacet i c acid
NAA , 1 -napthal eny 1 methy 1 carbamate
carbaryl . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Jan 1989. v. 114 (1). p. 0203 68-73. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). The effects of root pruning on apples. CFRTA. Schupp, d.R. Ferree, D.C. East Lansing, Mich. International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. Compact fruit tree. Presented at 0207 the 30th Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. An evaluation of stop drop materials in 1986. 1987. V. 20. p. 76-80. ill. Includes NEMFA. Greene, D.W. Kaminsky, K.; Sincuk, J. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 D96). North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. v. 93. p. 74-78. 0204 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384).
Estimated cost of replanting to a high density Fuji apple orchard on full dwarf rootstock in central Washington. 0208 WUEXA. Hinman, H. Peterson, B.; Williams, K.;
Maib, K. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. An expert system for apple orchard management. Extension bulletin - Washington State AAEPC. Heinemann, P.H. Travis, J.W.; Rajotte, University, Cooperative Extension Service. E.G.; Bowser, T. St. Joseph, Mich. The Includes statistical data. Aug 1991. (1635). 34 Society. Paper - American Society of p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Agricultural Engineers. Paper presented at the 275.29 W27P) 1989 International Summer Meeting, June 25-28. 1989, Quebec. PQ. Canada. Summer 1989. (89-7038). 18 p. Includes references. (NAL Call
No. : DNAL 290.9 AM32P) 0205
Evaluation of apple fruit maturity to segregate fruit for optimum storage potential. 0209
ARHMA. Beaudry, R.M. D i 1 1 ey , D.R. East Lansing, Mich. The Society. Annual report - Michigan Federal loans only help for state's State Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. frosted-ravaged apple growers.
193-194. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). Shannon. M. Tempe, Ariz. : The Journal. Arizona farmer-stockman. Aug 1988. v. 67 (8). p. 30-31. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 6 AR44).
32 . . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0210 types used. Part of the yield reduction noted was due to fruit size differences and/or Fertilizing fruit in small areas. differential sensitivity of this
Hayden, R.A. West Lafayette, Ind. : The i nterstock/rootstock combination to the altered Service. HO - Purdue University, Cooperative soil chemical properties. Generally, amended Extension Service. Mar 1987. (109, rev.). 2 p. soil pH increased to about 7.0 for either rate, (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB21.I6P8). and electrical conductivity increased five fold at the high rate of FBM addition. Agricultural utilization of large volumes (up to 112 Mg/ha) of FBM, compared to past research whereFBM was 0211 used as a lime substitute (2-6 mg/ha), appears to be a feasible alternative. However, Field performance of Mai us sargentii as a rootstock selection for apple may need to rootstock for four commercial apple varieties. consider the resultant changes in soil chemical FVRJA. Olien, W.C. Stiles. W.C.; McCrum, R.C. status from FBM additions. Journal of
University Park, Pa. : American Pomological environmental quality. July/Sept 1988. v. 17 Society. Fruit varieties journal. Oct 1986. v. (3). p. 469-473. Includes references. (NAL Call
40 (4). p. 140-143. Includes references. (NAL No. : DNAL QH540. J6) Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464).
0215 0212 The fresh apple market: riding out the rough Financial analysis of an apple orchard in waves southeastern Arizona. Gyawu. D.A.T. Washington, D.C. : The Service. Wade, J.C. Wright, N.G.; Kilby, M.W. Tucson, Foreign Agriculture Circular. Horticultural - - Ariz. : The Service. Publication products FHORT United States Department of Cooperative Extension Service, University of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. Mar Arizona, College of Agriculture. Dec 1986. 1986. (3-86). p. 7-13. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
(8662). 12 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . A6C6 ) . aSB319.4. F6)
0213 0216
The flowering crabapple. Fruit abscission and fruit quality of apples Witt, M.L. Hartman, d.R.; Jones, R.T.; McNiel, following use of dicamba to control preharvest - R.E. Lexington : The Service. ID University drop. of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service. Apr JOSHB. Marini, R.P. Byers, R.E.; Sowers, D.L.; 1985. (68). 6 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Young, R.W. Alexandria, Va. The Society. Five S544.3.K4K42) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were treated with dicamba at concentrations of 0 to 200 mg.liter-1 during 3 years. Although the response varied with cultivar, dose, and year, 0214 dicamba always delayed fruit abscission. At similar concentrations, dicamba usually reduced
Fluidlzed bed material applied at disposal fruit drop more than NAA , but less than levels: effects on an apple orchard. fenoprop. Dicamba at 10 mg.liter-1 effectively
JEVQAA. Korcak, R.F. Madison, Wis. : American delayed drop of 'Delicious', whereas 20 to 30
Society of Agronomy. Atmospheric f 1 u i d i zed-bed mg.liter-1 was required for 'Red Yorking', combustion represents an economical technology 'Rome', 'Winesap', and 'Stayman'. Dicamba did for the burning of high S fossil fuel. The not influence flesh firmness, soluble solids combustion residue is a dry, alkaline material content, water core, or starch content at resulting from the burning of coal (or other harvest or after storage. Journal of the fuel source) and limestone. Although the American Society for Horticultural Science. May residue has been assessed as a limestone 1990. V. 115 (3). p. 390-394. Includes substitute, the current study examines the references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). potential for disposing of relatively large quantities. Fluidized bed material (FBM) was applied at two rates to the surface area within the rows of an established apple (Malus 0217 domestica Borkh. ) orchard containing four tree types. The rates were either 9.2 kg/m2 (low Fruit size- -the moneymaker. rate), 36 kg/m2 (high rate), or untreated PWHAA. Schotzko, T. Wenatchee, Wash. : The control. The tree types used were 'Spuree Rome' Association. Proceedings - Washington State on M9, 'Redchief Delicious' on M9 or M9/MM106, Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. and 'Sturdeespur Delicious' on M9 . Cumulative 92-96. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). yields (kg/tree) were enhanced on three of four tree types over a period of 6 yr. A 15% reduction in yield was noted for Redchief Delicious on M9/MM106 stocks at the high FBM rate. No nutritional related problems were noted for this or any other of the the tree
33 (PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0218 after full bloom were only slightly more inhibitory to flowering than one application of Gala, a new early-maturing apple variety. O, 50, 100, or 150 mg/liter made 10 days after Stebbins, R.L. Corvallis, Or. The Service. full bloom. Journal of the American Society for PNW bulletin - Pacific Northwest Extension Horticultural Science. July 1989. v. 114 (4). Publication, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho p. 619-625. Includes references. (NAL Call No.:
State Universities, Cooperative Extension DNAL 8 1 SO 12 ) . Service. July 1987. (319). 4 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27PN).
0223
0219 Grower production costs.
NEMFA. Gerling, W.D. North Amherst, Mass. : The Gearing up for the record crop. Association. New England fruit meetings ... - WEFGA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Proceedings of the ... annual meeting Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1987. v. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 107 (9). p. 8H. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 Statistics for 1984. 1986. v. 92. p. 28-35.
G85W) . (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) .
0220 0224
The Georgian Bay apple industry. Growing pears in North Carolina.
CFRTA. Wilson, K.R. East Lansing, Mich. Williams, K.M. Werner, D.J. Raleigh, N.C. : The International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. Service. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th Extension Service, North Carolina State Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree University. June 1987. (80, rev.). 13 p. ill. Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
1987. V. 20. p. 51-53. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 S544.3.N6N62) .
D96) .
0225 0221 Growing quality apples without alar.
Georgia's apples for flavor and freshness, Williams, K.M. Pullman, Wash. : Washington they're the pick of the crop. State University Cooperative Extension.
Walk, J. Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Electric Postharvest pomology newsletter. May 1989. v. 7 Membership Corporation. Rural Georgia. Oct (1). p. 14-15. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP440.P67). 1989. V. 45 (10). p. 4. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 335.8 R887).
0226
0222 Growth regulators and herbicides for delaying apple fruit abscission. Gibberellins A4+7 influence fruit set, fruit HJHSA. Marini, R.P. Byers, R.E.; Sowers, D.L. quality, and return bloom of apples. Alexandria, Va . : American Society for
JOSHB. Greene, D.W. Alexandria, Va. : The Horticultural Science. HortScience. Dec 1989. Society. Several experiments were conducted to V. 24 (6). p. 957-959. Includes references. evaluate the influence of time, concentration, (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). and number of GA4+7 applications on 'Mcintosh', 'Early Mcintosh', and 'Empire' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). GA4+7 at 150 mg/liter increased fruit set and inhibited flower bud 0227 formation on 'Mcintosh' and 'Early Mcintosh'. Flower bud formation was inhibited on Harvest date and CA storage management effects 'Mcintosh' when GA4+7 was applied over a wide on quality of processed apple slices. range of times from 6 days before full bloom to JFDAZ. McLellan. M.R. Blanpied, G.D.; Massey.
34 to 35 days after full bloom. Applications L.M. Chicago, 111. : The Institute. The effect made 45 and 60 days after full bloom had no of harvest date and various controlled effect. Following storage, 'Empire' fruit atmosphere CA delays was studied on an apple treated with GA4+7 were softer and had a higher slice production line. Harvest date interacted incidence of senescent breakdown than controls. with delay in placing apples under CA Postbloom sprays of GA4+7 increased fruit set conditions, causing dramatic softening of the on 'Empire' one year when applied from 0 to 150 blanched apple slices. The effect on the mg/liter, while two applications of 50 mg/liter blanched slices was much greater than that on on similar trees in another year caused raw slices. Numerous process parameters thinning. GA4+7 sprays appeared to advance including waste amounts and yields were notably ripening of 'Empire' apples. Gibberellin sprays affected by various treatment combinations. reduced seed number. GA4+7 inhibited flowering Journal of food science : an official in 'Empire'. Repeat applications 19 and 34 days publication of the Institute of Food
34 . . 1 c
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
Technologists. July/Aug 1990. v. 55 (4). p. 0234 1046-1048. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8 F7322). IMP 1991 commercial apple: insect, disease, and weed control recommendations.
Patterson, M.G. Everest, J.W. Auburn, Ala. : The Service. Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative 0228 Extension Service, Auburn University. In subseries: Integrated Pest Management. Dec High density fruit production systems of the 1990. (11). 11 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL world. S544.3.A2C47)
PWHAA. Blizzard, S. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. 10, 12, 14, 16. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 0235
Impacts of the University of Connecticut integrated pest management program for apples 0229 1984-1987 /prepared by: Roger G. Adams, Lorraine M. Los. High density pear planting and management on Adams, Roger G. Los, Lorraine M. Connecticut quince dwarfing rootstock: a practical venture. : Cooperative Extension System, University of
CFRTA. Tehrani , G. East Lansing, Mich. Connecticut, College of Agriculture and Natural
International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. Resources, 1990? . Cover title.- "90-22.". 24
Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree SB608.A6A33 1990). Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. 1987. V. 20. p. 142-146. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 D96). 0236
Influence of orchard management systems on spur 0230 quality, light, and fruit within the canopy of 'Golden Delicious' apple trees.
How can we grow and maintain quality apples and vJOSHB. Ferree, D.C. Alexandria, Va. : The cherries. Society. Trees of Golden Delicious' apple
ARHMA. Carpenter, W.S. East Lansing, Mich. (Malus domestica Borkh. ) were established in The Society. Annual report - Michigan State 1973 in the following orchard management Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. systems: slender spindle (SS), trellis (TR), 96-100. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) interstem hedgerow (IH), and pyramid hedgerow
(PH). Spur quality and percent photosynthet i photon flux (PPF) transmission declined from the top to the bottom of the canopy of al 0231 systems. The three conical central leader type trees (SS, IH, PH) produced a quarter of their How can we grow and maintain quality apples and fruit on or close to the central leader, while cherries. the pal mette-shaped TR produced 60% in the
ARHMA. Rasch, F. East Lansing, Mich. : The center sections along the wire trellis. There Society. Annual report - Michigan State was no difference between vertical fruit Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 93-95. distribution in trees in the more intensive (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). systems (SS, TR), but the larger trees (IH, PH) produced twice as much fruit in the top half of the canopy as in the bottom half. Trees in the SS had a lower percentage or PPF transmission 0232 values within the canopy than trees in the TR systems. Trees in IH generally had higher PPF How spur quality influences fruit size. transmission values within the canopy than the
PWHAA. Rom, C.R. Wenatchee, Wash. : The larger PH trees. The number of leaves per spur Association. Proceedings - Washington State and specific leaf weight of spur leaves Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. generally followed the light distribution 109-118. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call pattern, and trees in the TR and IH systems had
No. : DNAL 81 W273) . higher-quality spurs than the SS and PH systems. The SS and TR systems appeared more responsive to the orientation of the sun, having higher light transmission values on the 0233 east side of the canopy in the morning and west side in the afternoon, than the IH or PH How we can grow and maintain quality apples. systems. Journal of the American Society for
ARHMA. Rasch, T. East Lansing, Mich. : The Horticultural Science. Nov 1989. v. 114 (6). p. Society. Annual report - Michigan State 869-875. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 90-93. DNAL 81 SQ12). (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58).
35 . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0237 0240
Influence of planting depth on growth of young Internal control of pear flowering and fruit apple trees. devel opment
Lyons, C.G. dr. Byers, R.E.: Yoder , K.S. PWHAA. Lombard, P.B. Wenatchee, Wash. : The - Washington, D.C. : Horticultural Research Association. Proceedings Washington State Institute. Journal of environmental Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. horticulture. Dec 1987. v. 5 (4). p. 163-164. 149-160. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call
Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL No. : DNAL 81 W273)
SB1 .066) .
0241 0238 Intraseasonal supply and demand functions for Influence of pruning and urea sprays on growth apples / by E.G. Pasour, Jr. and Robert L. and fruiting of spur-bound Delicious' apple Gustafson . trees. Pasour, E. C. Gustafson, Robert L. East
JOSHB. Ferree, D.C. Forshey, C.G. Alexandria, Lansing, Mich. : Agricultural Experiment
Va. : The Society. Spur quality and leaf Station, Michigan State University, 1966. Cover nutritional levels were determined in various title. 89 p. ; 24 cm. Bibliography: p. 87-89. canopy sections of mature spur-bound (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 M58R no. 10).
' Del i c i ous '- type apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees and then various pruning and foliar urea treatments were applied to alter growth and improve fruit size. Fruit size declined from 0242 the top to the bottom of the canopy of mature spur-bound 'Starkrimson Delicious' trees with a Invest in research. similar pattern in the following criteria: leaf WEFGA. Sulecki, J.C. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister area/spur, spur specific leaf weight, and spur Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Jan 1988. v. 108 bud diameter. Spur leaf area was higher in the (1). p. 25-27. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). top center and east sections than in the top south. Spur bud diameter in the bottom third of the canopy was highest in the north and east sections, lowest in the central section, and 0243 intermediate in the south and west sections.
Concentrations of leaf Mn, Zn, B, Al , and Na Irrigation systems and water management tended to increase from the top to the bottom considerations. of the canopy. Four urea sprays (6 g PWHAA. Ley, T.W. Wenatchee, Wash. : The urea/liter) during the cell division period of Association. Proceedings - Washington State fruit growth had little influence on spur Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. quality, but fruit weight was increased 3 151-162. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). successive years. Spur pruning of 25-year-old 'Starkrimson Delicious' trees was not sufficient to increase shoot growth or improve spur quality, but heading back into 2-year-old 0244 wood plus spur pruning increased shoot number by 38%. Spur and heading-back pruning increased Is there a future for Fuji?. the number of shoots and total shoot leaf area WEFGA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister of 13-year-old 'Red Chief Delicious' trees, and Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Dec 1987. v. 107 the combination of both pruning types led to (12). p. 20L, 20N. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 the greatest increase. Heading-back of the G85W) . younger trees increased leaf area of both shoots and spurs and spur pruning also increased leaf area/spur. Heading-back pruning increased average fruit weight, and the 0245 increase was positively correlated with total leaf area, shoot leaf area, and number of shoot 'Jonagold': an apple for the 21st century. leaves/mm of branch circumference. Journal of FVRJA. Schechter, I. Proctor, J.T.A. University the American Society for Horticultural Science. Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit Sept 1988. V. 113 (5). p. 699-703. Includes varieties journal. Jan 1989. v. 43 (1). p. 4-6. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
80 F9464) .
0239 0246 Influence of soil on fruit production.
NEMFA. Veneman, P.L.M. North Amherst, Mass. : The 'Jonathan' apple and its progeny. The Association. New England fruit meetings ... FVRJA. Rom, R.C. University Park, Pa. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. 34-39. V. 93. p. 56-60. Includes references. (NAL Call Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80
No . : DNAL 8 1 M384 ) F9464) .
36 . . . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0247 0253
Lack of fungus killers hurts, state apple Maturity standards for harvesting Bartlett growers say. pears for eastern shipment /F.W. Allen.
Stowe, G. Charlotte, N.C. : Observer Co. The Allen, F. W. 1887-. Berkeley, Cal Charlotte observer. Aug 21, 1991. p. 1B. (NAL Agricultural Experiment Station, 1929. Cover
: ) Call No. DNAL A00064 title. 27 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 24 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 C12S no. 470).
0248 0254 Management practices at Paradise Orchards Limi ted. Mayhaws: trees of pomological and ornamental CFRTA. Carruthers, R.R. East Lansing, Mich. interest. International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. HJHSA. Payne, J. A. Krewer, G.W.; Fitenmiller,
Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th R.R. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree Horticultural Science. HortScience. Mar 1990. Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. V. 25 (3). p. 246, 375. maps. Includes 1987. V. 20. p. 19. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6).
D96) .
0255 0249 The mechanism of regulation of 'Bartlett' pear Managing bitter pit. fruit and vegetative growth by irrigation
WEFGA. Tvergyak, P.J. Willoughby, Ohio : withholding and regulated deficit irrigation.
Meister Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. May JOSHB. Chalmers, D.J. Burge, G. ; Jerie, P.H.;
1988. V. 108 (5). p. 20-21. ill. (NAL Call No.: Mitchell, P.D. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. DNAL 80 GSSW) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1986. v. Ill (6). p. 904-907. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012) 0250
Managing the mature higher-density apple orchard. 0256
Forshey, C.G. Fayettevi 1 1 e. Ark. : Arkansas State Horticultural Society. Proceedings of the Mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis and
... annual meeting - Arkansas State pyrethroids control winter moth ( Lepidoptera: Horticultural Society. 1986. (107th). p. 68-70. Geometridae) in orchards without causing (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB21.A7A7). outbreaks of mites. JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Gaul, S.O. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Extensive trials with mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis 0251 var. kurstaki Berliner (Dipel wettable powder) and pyrethroids showed the efficacy of these Marketing a winner. mixtures against winter moth, Operophtera
WEFGA. Derr, D. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. brumata (L.), and their compatibility, with Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1988. v. 108 integrated mite control in apple (Malus (9). p. 6-7. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). domestica Borkh.) orchards. In the mixtures, concentrations of the pyrethroids
i ( cypermethr i n , del tamethr n , fenvalerate, and permethrin) were one-tenth of the recommended 0252 orchard rates. Levels of winter moth injury to harvested fruit were as low with the mixtures Matching the rootstocks with the system. of Dipel and pyrethroids as with half-rate or
CFRTA. Tukey, L.D. East Lansing, Mich. : full -rate treatments of pyrethroids. Prebloom International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. application of several mixtures significantly Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th reduced fruit injury caused by mirids, mostly
Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree Atractotomus mal i (Meyer) and Campylomma Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. verbasci (Meyer), and the pale apple
Comparison of three training systems. 1987. v. leaf roller, Pseudexentera mal i Freeman, and the
i 20. p. 84-90. Includes references. (NAL Call obi i quebanded leaf roller, Chor stoneura
No. : DNAL 93.5 D96) rosaceana (Harris). Counts of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and apple rust
mite, Aculus schl echtendal i (Nalepa), were lower, and populations of their principal natural enemy, Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten, were detected more frequently in plots treated with Dipel -pyrethroid mixtures than in plots treated with pyrethroids at half or full rates. Levels of leaf bronzing induced by European red mite
37 ......
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS) and apple rust mite were also less where 0262 mixtures were used. The mixture of Dipel with the emulslfiable concentrate formulation of Okanogan growers find pears profitable. cypermethrin was particularly, compatible with WEFGA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby. Ohio : Meister integrated mite control. Counts of European red Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Oct 1988. v. 108 mite and levels of leaf bronzing induced by (10). p. 16F. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 European red mite with this mixture did not G85W) differ from the levels observed in the plots treated with Dipel alone. Journal of economic entomology. June 1990. v. 83 (3). p. 920-936. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 0263
J822) . Orchard floor management --research on weed control and sods.
ARHMA. Stiles, W.C. East Lansing, Mich. : The 0257 Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1987. (117th). p. 28-36. New directions in horticulture. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58).
ARHMA. Loescher, W. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 48-53.
(NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) 0264
Orchard growth and fruiting of micropropagated apple trees. 0258 JGSHB. Zimmerman, R.H. Miller, S.S. Alexandria,
Va. : The Society. Four apple (Malus domestica New Jersey apple varieties. Borkh.) cultivars. Northern Spy, Ozark Gold, Hopfinger, J. A. Frecon, J.L. New Brunswick, Stayman, and Rome Beauty, were tissue cultured - N.J. : The Service. FS Cooperative Extension on their own roots (TC) or were budded on
Service, Cook College. 1985. (094, rev.). 8 p. seedling, MM. 106, or M . 26 rootstocks. All four
(NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N5F7 ) cultivars were planted at Beltsville, Md., and 'Ozark Gold' and 'Stayman' were planted at
Kearneysv i 1 1 e , W. Va. TC trees produced more vegetative growth than trees budded on MM. 106 0259 and M.26 at both locations, but TC trees differed little in size from those budded on The Northeast apple industry a joint project of seedling rootstock. Flowering was delayed on TC Farm Credit Bank of Springfield ... /author, and seedling rootstock trees relative to those James N. Putnam, II. on MM. 106 or M.26 rootstocks. Fruit yields in Putnam, James N. Springfield, Mass. (P.O. Box general were low but were h^-'her fnr the trees
141, Springfield 01102) : The Bank, c1989. on clonal rootstocks than tr TC o seedling
"June 1989.". iv, 58 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (NAL rootstock trees, especially ^t Beltsville. The
Call No.: DNAL HD9259 . A6A 1 1 56 ) limited vegetative growth and poor fruit yield of trees on M.26 and MM. 106 at Beltsville may have been due to significant infestation bv +^".'3 plant parasitic nematode? at s . T 0260 trees seemed to nave oeei les_ affec -d b e nematodes, probably because of their greater Obtaining optimum fruit size- -quest ions and vigor and more extensive root systems. All answers trees at Kearneysv i 1 1 e were more vigorous than
PWHAA. Allen, D. Wenatchee, Wash. : The comparable ones at Beltsville. Journal of the Association. Proceedings - Washington State American Society for Horticultural Science. Horticultural Association. 1985. (Slst). p. Sept 1991. V. 116 (5). p. 780-785. Includes 118-121. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012).
0261 0265
Of crops and crawfish: diversity sweeps the Our experiences with apple rootstocks and South. cul ti vars
AGREA. Kaplan, J.K. Washington. D.C. : The CFRTA. Fugger, B. East Lansing, Mich. Service. Agricultural research - U.S. International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Compact fruit tree. Paper presented at the 30th Research Service. Dec 1990. v. 38 (12). p. Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree 24-25. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AGa4). Association Conference, Toronto, March 1987. 1987. V. 20. p. 21-22. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5
D96) .
38 . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0266 0273
Outlook for Alar: East. Preharvest and postharvest handling of apples
WEFGA. Acuff, G. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister for long storage potential. Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. June 1987. v. NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. 107 (6). p. 35-36. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 The Association. New England fruit meetings ... G85W). Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987, V. 93. p. 86-91. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M3a4).
0267
An overview of replant problems. 0274
PWHAA. Stevens, R.G. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Production and marketing options for New Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. Hampshire apple growers.
132-142. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). Manalo, A.B. Lord, W.G. Durham, N.H. : The Station. Research report - New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. Apr 1990. (123). 7 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No. 0268 DNAL S89.E2).
Pear production in Wisconsin. Dana, M.N. Stang, E.J.; Mahr, D.L. Madison, - Wis. : The Service. Publication University of 0275 Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension Service. 1985. (A2072). 8 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Production keys to a successful orchard
S544.3.W6W53) . business.
NEMFA. Lord, W.G. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - 0269 Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort Performance of scab resistant apple cultivars and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, at the Smithfleld Experimental Farm. 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 40-42. (NAL Call No.: FVRJA. Warner, J. Potter, C. University Park, DNAL 81 M384).
Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. July 1988. v. 42 (3). p. 96-102. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 0276
The protection of pome fruits, 1979 --March 1985 citations from Agricola concerning diseases and 0270 other environmental considerations /compiled and edited by Charles N. Bebee. --.
Plant bloregulators in apple and pear culture. Bebee, Charles N. Beltsville, Md. : U.S. Dept.
Miller, S.S. Portland, Or. : Timber Press. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library ;
Horticultural reviews. Literature review. 1988, Washington, D.C. : U.S. Environmental V. 10. p. 309-401. Includes references. (NAL Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Call No.: DNAL SB317.5.H6). Programs, 1985. "August 1985."- Includes index.
204 p. ; 28 cm. --. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
aZ5076. A1U54 no.41 )
0271
Plant growth regulators. 0277
MUCBA. Hull, J. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Quality and storage of 'Granny Smith' and Extension Service, Michigan State University. 'Greenspur' apples on seedling, M.26, and Dec 1986. (E-154). p. 12-16. (NAL Call No.: MM. Ill rootstocks. DNAL 275.29 M58B) JOSHB. Drake, S.R. Larsen, F.E.; Higgins, S.S.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Influences of rootstocks on the quality of 'Granny Smith' and 'Greenspur' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) 0272 were evaluated over an extended harvest period and after cold storage. Apples from trees on Postharvest responses of 'Spartan' apples to M.26 rootstock had the higher firmness, soluble preharvest paclobutrazol treatment. solids concentration (SSC), and Ca content, but HJHSA. Wang, C.Y. Steffens, G.L. Alexandria, poorer external color (red blush) and a higher
Va. : American Society for Horticultural percentage of solar injury than fruit from Science. HortScience. Apr 1987. v. 22 (2). p. trees on seedling or MM. 111 rootstocks. 276-278. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: External greenness was best on apples from DNAL SB1 .H6) MM. Ill rootstock. 'Granny Smith' apples had higher firmness, soluble solids, acids, and
39 ;
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS) carbohydrate contents, and less scald but 0281 poorer external greenness than 'Greenspur' apples. 'Granny Smith' or 'Greenspur' apples Reduced rates and multiple sprays of from M.26 rootstock appeared to mature earlier paclobutrazol control growth and improve fruit than those on MM. 111. Journal of the American quality of 'Delicious' apples.
Society for Horticultural Science. Mar 1991. v. JOSHB. Greene, D.W. Alexandria, Va . : The
116 (2). p. 261-264. Includes references. (NAL Society. 'Gardiner Del i c i ous ' /MM . 106 apple
Cal 1 No. ; DNAL 81 S012) . (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were initially sprayed in 1985 with paclobutrazol (PB) at 250 mg.liter-1 at tight cluster and again on 10 and 25 June and 29 July. From 1986 through 1988, PB 0278 sprays of 85 or 100 mg.liter-1 were applied at either petal fall (PF) + 2 or PF + 4 weeks and Quality of apple fruit from a high density one to two additional sprays were applied per orchard as influenced by rootstocks, year when growth resumed. Promalin was applied fertilizers, maturity, and storage. to one group of trees that received PB starting JOSHB. Fallahi, E. Richardson, D.G.; Westwood, at PF + 2 weeks. PB reduced terminal, lateral,
M.N. Alexandria, Va . : The Society. Journal of and total shoot growth the year of application the American Society for Horticultural Science. and in subsequent years. Although average shoot 1985. V. 110 (1). p. 71-74. Includes length of lateral and terminal shoots was references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). reduced, the greatest reduction in growth occurred because PB prevented spurs from growing into lateral and terminal shoots. Compared to unsprayed trees, PB reduced pruning 0279 time in all 4 years by 23% to 70%. PB increased bloom only the first year after application, Quality of prepackaged Mcintosh apples in New but increased fruit set for 2 years due to a York City retail stores / by M.J. Ceponis, J. carryover effect. Application of PB in 1985 Kaufman, and S.M. Ringel caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in
Ceponis, M. J. 1916-. Kaufman, Jacob _1 907 - soluble solids concentration, length : diameter ,
Ringel, S. M._1924-. Washington, D.C. : U.S (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length. Promalin Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing either overcame the reduction in the ratio or Service, Market Quality Research Division, increased it in 1986. Reduced rates of PB in
1962 . Cover title. 12 p. ; 26 cm. (NAL Call subsequent years caused few adverse effects on No.: DNAL A280.39 M34Am no.461). the fruit. PB increased flesh firmness when appl ied at PF + 2 weeks but not at PF + 4 weeks. Trees treated with PB produced fruit with higher flesh Ca and less bitter pit, cork 0280 spot, and senescent breakdown following regular air storage. Chemical names used:
Rapid production methods for Ottawa-3 rootstock beta-(4-chlorophenyl )methyl -alpha-( 1 , 1-dimethy- and branched apple nursery stock. lethyl )-1H-1,2, 4- tr iazol e- 1 -ethanol HJHSA. Hogue, E.J. Neilsen, D. Alexandria, Va. (paclobutrazol, PB); gibberellins A4+7 Plus
) : American Society for Horticultural Science. A N- ( pheny 1 me thy 1 - 1 H-pur i ne-6 -am i ne ( Promal in). system for the rapid production of Ottawa-3 Journal of the American Society for (0.3)^ rootstock (Malus domestica Borkh.) and Horticultural Science. Sept 1991. v. 116 (5). branched apple nursery stock in the greenhouse p. 807-812. Includes references. (NAL Call No.:
is described. The time required for production DNAL 81 S012) . of a'f inished- tree, approximately 1 year, compared favorably with traditional methods. Cuttings derived from tissue-cultured 0.3 rootstocks rooted well (up to 94% success 0282 rate), and the rooting effect persisted in cuttings from tissue-cultured rootstocks grown Reflections on a year with reduced Alar use- -a for 1 year in the field. All combinations of wholesaler's view.
two levels of N and P in a Long Ashton nutrient NEMFA. lannacci, J. North Amherst, Mass. : The solution were applied weekly to pots containing Association. New England fruit meetings ... either tissue-cultured rootstocks or cuttings. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - The growth rate of tissue-cultured rootstocks Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. exceeded that of cuttings. The growth rate of v. 93. p. 54-55. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). both sources of rootstocks increased in response to added P and N. Growth of scion shoots ('Royal Gala') increased in response to N. Branch production of 'Royal Gala' was 0283 greater for trees with the higher P and N rates. Trees on tissue-cultured rootstocks had Renovating mature apple trees--fruit quality more branches than those on cutting-derived through stronger spurs and better light rootstocks at the higher level of N. distribution. HortScience. Nov 1991. v. 26 (11). p. CFRTA. Barritt, B.H. Rom, C.R. East Lansing, 1416-1419. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Mich. International Dwarf Fruit Tree
DNAL SB1 .H6) . Association. Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. 1987. V. 20. p. 70-75. ill. Includes
40 . . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 D96). external color, soluble solids, acids, subjective appearance and daminozide residue. Ethylene production was reduced as daminozide application was increased. Delay in onset of 0284 the climacteric ranged from 3 to 21 days depending on chemical rate used. Firmness, red Replant management strategies influence early color, acids, subjective appearance and number growth of apple trees in a sand soil. of days to reach climacteric were significantly HJHSA. Peryea, F.d. Covey, R.P. Alexandria, Va. improved by all rates of daminozide. Quality
: American Society for Horticultural Science. differences due to daminozide were evident HortScience. Dec 1989. v. 24 (6). p. 947-949. following both types of storage. Daminozide Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL residues were directly related to rate and did SB1 .H6) not dissipate during storage. There was no detectable daminozide carry-over in fruit from year to year. Journal of food quality. 1989. v. 12 (3). p. 193-202. Includes references. (NAL 0285 Call No.: DNAL TP373.5.J6).
Replanting old orchard so11s--a panel. PWHAA. Tvergyak, P. Stevens, B.; Slykhuis, J.; Smith, T.; Ley, T.; Barritt, B.H. Wenatchee, 0288 - Wash. : The Association. Proceedings Washington State Horticultural Association. Responses of 'Bartlett' pear to withholding 1985. (81st). p. 131-169. ill. (NAL Call No.: irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation, and DNAL 81 W273) tree spacing. JOSHB. Mitchell, P.D. van de Ende, B.; Jerie,
P.H.; Chalmers, D.J. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Fruit yield was increased, summer 0286 pruning decreased, and water saved when regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and Response of micropropagated apple trees to withholding irrigation (WI) were used over 5 field establishment procedures. years to manage mature 'Bartlett' pear (Pyrus
HJHSA . Zimmerman, R.H. Alexandria, Va. communis L.) trees planted at three levels of American Society for Horticultural Science. within-row spacing (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 m) and Growth, flowering, and fruiting of trained to a Tatura trellis. Three levels of micropropagated 'Jonathan' apple trees (Malus irrigation, 23%, 46%, and 92% replacement of domestica Borkh.) transferred in Spring 1983 to evaporation from the planting square (Eps), the field from either a nursery, cold storage, were compared during the RDI period. Weight of or greenhouse were compared. First-year shoot summer prunings was positively and linearly and trunk growth was greatest for trees related to level of irrigation in each year, transplanted from the nursery and least for including a relatively wet year. When compared trees that were held in the greenhouse before between years, the degree of this response on being transferred to the field. Trees pruned the dried treatment was positively and low (35 cm) at planting time had more terminal significantly related to net evaporation shoot growth and less trunk cross-sectional ( evaporat i on- -ra i nf al 1 ) recorded during the area after the first growing season than those period of rapid shoot growth. Fruit number also pruned high (90 cm). The effect of preplanting tended to be greater on the 23% and 46% Eps cultural practices on vegetative growth treatments in all years. Cumulative yield over diminished in the 2nd year and disappeared by 10 years of cropping did not differ between the end of the 3rd year in the orchard. tree spacing, although fruit size was larger a Flowering began in 1985 and was only slightly the 1-m spacing. High yields were obtained at affected by preplanting cultural practices and all levels of tree spacing. Yield and tree pruning treatments. Fruiting was not affected growth responded most to RDI for the by the treatments. HortScience. Nov 1991. v. 26 0.5-m-spaced trees. Journal of the American (11). p. 1364-1365. Includes references. (NAL Society for Horticultural Science. Jan 1989. v.
Cal 1 No. : DNAL SB1 .H6) 114 (1). p. 15-19. Includes references. (NAL
Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 SQ12)
0287 0289 Response of 'Top Red Delicious' apples to daminozide. The role of ethylene in determining apple JFQUD. Drake, S.R. Baranowski, J.D.; Williams, harvest and storage life.
M.W. Trumbull, Conn. : Food & Nutrition Press. Kupferman, E.M. Pullman, Wash. : Washington Daminozide was applied at 2.2, 4.5, 6.7 or 9.0 State University Cooperative Extension. kg/ha to 'Top Red Delicious' apple trees 86 Postharvest pomology newsletter. May 1986. v. 4 days after full bloom the first year and at (1). p. 16-21. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP440.P67). 2.2, 3.4 or 4.5 kg/ha, 80 days after full bloom the second year. At commercial harvest, after 2 and 4 months regular cold storage, and after 6 and 10 months of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage apples were evaluated for carbon dioxide, ethylene production, flesh firmness,
41 .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0290 0293
Root -lesion nematodes, potassium deficiency, Skin color in 'Newtown' apples treated with and prior cover crops as factors in apple calcium nitrate, urea, diphenylamine, and a replant disease. film coating.
JOSHB. Merwin, I. A. Stiles, W.C. Alexandria, HJHSA . Meheriuk, M. Alexandria, Va . American
Va. : The Society. Growth chamber evaluations Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. of soil from an orchard replant site showed July 1990. V. 25 (7). p. 775-776. Includes severe stunting of 'Northern Spy' apple (Malus references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) domestica Borkh.) seedlings grown in field soil (FS) compared with pasteurized soil (PS) from the same site. The FS PS seedling dry weight ratio of 0.44 indicated a serious replant 0294 problem. Leaf nutrient content was generally higher in PS than FS seedlings. Soil -borne organisms affecting replanted pears. Multiple-regression analysis indicated that HJHSA. Cameron, H.R. Westwood, M.N.; Lombard, leaf K and root-lesion nematode ( Praty 1 enchus P.B. Alexandria, Va. American Society for penetrans Filipjev) primary inoculum accounted Horticultural Science. HortScience. Paper for 75% of the variation in FS seedling dry presented at the "Symposium on Interactions of weight. Apple seedling dry weight in FS was 97% Soil -borne Organisms and Woody Perennial Root of that in PS following a marigold (Tagetes Systems," July 31, 1985, Blacksburg, Virginia. patula L. cv. Sparky) cover crop, and 75% Dec 1986. v. 21 (6). p. 1306-1310. Includes following oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Saia). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Root-lesion nematodes were nearly eliminated from the plots with marigold. Other cover crops and weed-free fallow period were less effective in controlling apple replant disease and/or 0295 phy tonematodes . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1989. v. 114 Soil disinfection and monoammonium phosphate (5). p. 728-732. Includes references. (NAL Call fertilization increase precocity of apples on
No. : DNAL 81 S012) . replant problem soils. JOSHB. Neilsen, G.H. Yorston, J. Alexandria,
Va. : The Society. In an apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard with a severe replant problem, 0291 tree size was Increased by the 2nd year and number of fruit by the 3rd year by treating the Rootstocks affect ripening and other qualities planting hole soil with formalin or mancozeb of 'Delicious' apples. plus monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer.
JOSHB. Autio, W.R. Alexandria, Va. : The Growth increases were evident each year for 4 Society. The effects of rootstocks on years only for the MAP + formalin treatment. In 'Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple a second orchard, with a less severe replant ripening, quality, size, mineral composition, problem, planting-hole treatment with formalin and storability were studied over 4 years. or dazomet + MAP increased tree size by year 2. Removal of the effects of crop load by analysis Number of fruit in year 2 was increased by of covariance suggested that M.27 EMLA advanced formalin and mancozeb + NM treatments, although fruit ripening and that M.7 EMLA delayed fruit this effect persisted in year 3 only for ripening. Qtt.3, M.9, MAC 9, OAR 1, M.9 EMLA, mancozeb + MAP. Leaf P concentrations were and M.26 EMLA either were inconsistent in their Increased to high values in the first year by effects on ripening or consistently resulted in NM fertilization but declined in subsequent an intermediate time of ripening. Fruit size years. Leaf Mn concentration also increased in consistently was largest from trees on M.9 EMLA oneorchard, a consequence of f er t i 1 1 zer - 1 nduced and smallest from trees on OAR 1. Fruit from acidification of planting hole soil and Mn trees on MAC 9 generally had relatively high Ca uptake from the fungicide mancozeb. Journal of contents, and fruit from trees on OAR 1 had the American Society for Horticultural Science. relatively low Ca concentrations. The effects July 1991. V. 116 (4). p. 651-654. Includes of rootstock on storability appeared to be references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). related to their effects on maturity and Ca levels. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. May 1991. v. 116 (3). p. 378-382. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0296 DNAL 81 S0 12). Soil profile and root penetration as indicators of apple production in the lake shore district of western New York /by A.T. Sweet.
0292 Sweet, A. T. 1869-. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1933. Caption title.- scab- immune apple varieties for new orchards. "Contribution from Bureau of Chemistry and
Stebbins, R.L. Corvallis, Or. : The Service. Soils.". 30 p. ill., 1 map ; 23 cm. Includes Extension circular EC - Oregon State bibliographical references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
University, Extension Service. Apr 1990. 1 Ag84C no. 303). (1334). 5 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 0R32C).
42 . . . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0297 Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 (2). p. 547-551. Includes references. (NAL Call
Some soil quality factors in relation to No. : DNAL 421 J822) rep1 ant
PWHAA. Smith, T.J. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 0302 146-151. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). Tree renovation through light management. PWHAA. Barritt, B.H. Rom, C.R. Wenatchee, Wash. - : The Association. Proceedings Washington 0298 State Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. 82, 84, 86-88. Includes references. (NAL
Storage scald of apples causes and control Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 W273) /L.M. Ingle.
Ingle, L. Morris, 1929-. Morgantown : West Virginia University, Agricultural Experiment
Station, 1966. Caption title. 9 p. ; 23 cm. 0303 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 W52Cu no. 47). Trends of production, cultivars and planting systems on apples and pears in western Europe. FVRJA. Winter, F. Welte, M. University Park,
0299 Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. 44. Strategic alternatives for the New York apple (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). industry /Bruce L. Anderson.
Anderson, Bruce L. Ithaca, N.Y. : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State 0304 College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Cornell University, 1989 . "September 1989.". U.S. apple supplies other than Washington
101 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical state. references (p. 89 -90). (NAL Call No.: DNAL PWHAA. Derr, D.I. Wenatchee, Wash. : The 281 .9 C81A no. 89-15). Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. 72, 74. 76, 78, 80, 82, 84-85. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 0300
Take your pick, it's apple time.
CSMOBF. Hanes, P. Boston, Mass. : Christian 0305 Science Pub. Society. The Christian Science monitor. Oct 3, 1990. p. 14. (NAL Call No.: The use of initial withholding or irrigation
DNAL A00061 ) and tree spacing to enhance the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on pear trees. JOSHB. Mitchell, P.D. Chalmers, D.J.; Jerie,
P.H.; Burge, G. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. 0301 Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1986. v. 111 (6). p. Timing of mite injury affects the bloom and 858-861. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: fruit development of apple. DNAL 81 S012) JEENAI. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. The time when injury by the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), occurs on an apple tree was 0306 studied to determine if yield components and vegetative growth were affected. Apple trees Use of lysophosphatidylethanol amine, a natural were subjected to about 1,000 cumulative mite lipid, as an aid for fruit ripening and days at three different times: early season improving keeping quality. (early May to mid-dune), midseason (mid-June to PPGGD. Farag, K.M. Palta, J. P. Lake Alfred,
1 August), and late season (1 August to Fla. : The Society. Proceedings of the Plant mid-October). Midseason injury resulted in the Growth Regulator Society of America. Meeting greatest reduction in mean fruit weight at held August 5-9, 1990, Saint Paul, Minnesota. harvest as well as return bloom and fruit load 1990. (17th). p. 135-137. Includes references. the following season. Late-season injury (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB128.P5). resulted in a reduction of return bloom. Early-season injury did not result in significant differences from the control for any of the response variables measured. On defruited trees, return bloom, percentage of set, and fruit load were not affected by early-season mite injury of the previous year. Percentage of set was not related to early-season injury occurring the same year.
43 ......
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
0307 0313
Varieties of apples for market / by L.H. Work together for strong apple prices.
Bailey, Jr. . WEFGA. Meister, R.T. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Bailey, L. H. 1858-1954. Lansing Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1988. v.
Agricultural College of Michigan, 1887 . Cover 108 (9). p. 18-20. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 title.- "Department of horticulture and G85W) ng" - landscape garden i -Cover . 6 p. ; 24 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 M58S no. 23).
0314
0308 Yield and fruit quality of apple trees under three high density management systems. Variety, rootstock and orchard system FVRJA. Blizzard, S.H. Singha, S.; Baugher. considerations. T.A.; Cayton, B.D. University Park, Pa.
PWHAA. Barritt, B.H. Wenatchee, Wash. : The American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties Association. Proceedings - Washington State Journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. 67-72. Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 163-169. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). F9464)
0309 0315
Virus tested pear germplasm available at the Yield and production efficiency of four apple National Clonal Germplasm Repository in cultivars In selected orchard managetnent Corvallis, Oregon. systems
FVRJA. Postman, J. Hummer, K. University Park, JOSHB. Ferree, D.C. Funt , R.C; Bishop, B.L.
Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Trees of Golden varieties journal. July 1988. v. 42 (3). p. Delicious', Topred Delicious',
109-115. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call M i 1 1 ersturdeespur Delicious', and Sundale
No. : DNAL 80 F9464) Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica
Borkh. ) were grown in two or more of the following orchard management systems established in 1973: slender spindle (SS), 2151 0310 trees/ha. Golden Delicious' and Sundale Golden Delicious'; trellis (TR), 1121 trees/ha, all Weed control in pecans, apples and peaches. cultivars; interstem hedgerow (IH), 795
Taylor, G. Smith, M.W. Stillwater, Okla. : The trees/ha, all cultivars; and pyramid hedgerow Service. OSU current report - Oklahoma State (PH), 425 trees/ha. Golden Delicious' and University, Cooperative Extension Service. Apr Topred Delicious'. Yields of Golden Delicious' 1990. (6242, rev.). 4 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL in the SS and TR were similar during the first S451 .0508) 7 years and these systems generally produced
higher yields than the 1 ess- i ntens i ve systems IH and PH) during this period. Except for a drop in yield in the TR system in year 10, 0311 Golden Delicious' trees >8 years old in all systems produced >50 t.ha-1. Topred' in the TR
What controls apple tree productivity?. , system outyielded IH and PH every year, while
NEMFA. Elfving, D.C. North Amherst, Mass. : The IH had higher yields than PH in three out of Association. New England fruit meetings ... the eight cropping years. The spur-type - Proceedings of the ... annual meeting cultivars Sundale and M i 1 1 ersturdeespur had Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. lower yields per hectare than the Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort standard-habit cultivars because they were and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, spaced too widely. Yields of the systems with 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 36-39. Includes Sundale' generally followed plant density, with references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). the SS being highest, IH lowest, and TR in between and often not significantly different from the other two systems. Orchard management systems had no consistent effects on fruit 0312 size. The cumulative yield per hectare of Golden Delicious' over 11 years grown as SS Where's the bloom— overcoming biennial bearing outproduced the IH and PH systems, with the TR in apple trees. yields intermediate. Sundale' managed as SS PWHAA. Tvergyak, P. Agnew, K.; Williams, M. outproduced both the TR and IH systems. Topred'
Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings in the TR had higher cumulative yields per - Washington State Horticultural Association. hectare than the PH system. An economic 1986. (82nd). p. 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, comparison of the Golden Delicious' systems 76. 78, 80. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: indicated that PH provided the highest rate of DNAL 81 W273) return and the SS the lowest, with the IH and TR systems intermediate. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1989. V. 114 (6). p. 863-868. Includes
44 . . .
(PLANT PRODUCTION - HORTICULTURAL CROPS)
references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012).
0316
1984 Georgia commercial apple tree survey.
GARRA. Hubbard. E.E. Purcel 1 , J.C. Athens. Ga. - : The Stations. Research report University of Georgia. College of Agriculture, Experiment Stations. Includes statistical data. Mar 1985. (471). 11 p. Includes 8 references. (NAL Call
No. : DNAL S51 . E22)
0317
1984 Georgia commercial apple tree survey.
GARRA. Hubbard. E.E. Purcel 1 , J.C. Athens, Ga. - : The Stations. Research report University of Georgia, College of Agriculture, Experiment Stations. Mar 1985. (471). 11 p. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S51.E22).
0318
1989 fruit spraying calendar. MUCBA. Jones. A.L. (ed.). Howitt. A.J. (ed.);
Hull. J. (ed.). East Lansing. Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service. Michigan State University. Nov 1988. (154). 117 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B)
0319
1990 commercial apple spray guide.
Gorsuch, C.S. Miller, R.W. Clemson, S.C. : The Service. Information card - Clemson University, Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1990. (110, rev.). 12 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 SCSI).
0320
1991 Pest and orchard management guide for North Carolina apples. Walgenbach, J.F. Sutton. T.B.; Skroch. W.A.; Unrath, C.R.; Parker. M.L.; Sullivan, W.T.; - Rock. G.C. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service. AG North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State University. Jan 1991.
(37). 32 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N6N62 )
45 .
PLANT PRODUCTION - FIELD CROPS
0321
Pert i gat ion of apples with nitrate or ammonium nitrogen under drip irrigation. I. Tree performance.
CS0SA2. Klein. I. Spieler, G. New York. N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science and plant analysis. Mar 1987. v. 18 (3). p. 311-322. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S590.C63)
46 PLANT PRODUCTION - MISC. CROPS
0322
The prickly pears (Opunita spp.): plants with economic potential.
Russell, C.E. Felker, P. Fort Collins, Colo. : The Station. General technical report RM - Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Paper presented at a "Symposium on Management and Utilization of Arid Land Plants," February 18-22. 1985, Saltillo, Mexico. Sept 1986. (135). p. 41. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSD11.A42).
47 . . . . .
PLANT BREEDING
0323 originated as a clone of heat treated
Parad i s-Jaune-de-Metz selection, M9B , also Abnormalities in 'Starkspur Supreme Delicious' called M9 INFEL. It has been found that there on rootstocks in the 1980-81 NC-140 is better root 1 gn i f i cat i wel nine i on as as cooperative planting. generally several points of root issue on the
FVRJA. University Park, Pa. : American clones as well as an increased vigor to the Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. cultivars. Plant patent - United States Patent Oct 1991. V. 45 (4). p. 213-219. Includes and Trademark Office. Nov 19, 1991. (7714). 4 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 )
0324 0329
Apple and cherry pest control in Apple tree: Arlet.
Wi sconsi n-- 1988 Krapf , B. Washington, D.C. ; The Office. A new Mahr, D.L. Jeffers, S.N.; Binning, L.K.; Stang, vareity of apple tree has fruit with a firm E.J. Madison, Wis. The Service. Publication - flesh which is excellent for fresh eating and University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension for use in salads. The fruit of the variety Service. 1988. (A3314). 30 p. (NAL Call No.: also exhibits a relatively long shelf life when DNAL S544.3.W6W53) compared with Golden Delicious apples and takes on a somewhat waxy or greasy appearance after extended storage. The new variety produces high and regular fruit yields and has fruit medium 0325 fruit ripening. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Mar 21, 1989. Apple corps. (6689). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65
Logan, W.B. Emmaus , Pa. : Rodale Press, Inc. P69) . Organic gardening. Nov 1988. v. 31 (11). p. 44-50. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S605.5.074).
0330
0326 Apple tree 'Coop 23'. Janick, J.W. Williams, E.B.; Emerson, F.;
Apple cultivars for processing. Korban, S.S.; Dayton, D.F.; Mehl enbacher , S.A.;
Way, R.D. McLellan, M.R. New York : Van Hough, L.F. Washington, D.C. : The Office. This Nostrand Reinhold, c1989. Processed apple invention relates to a new cultivar of apple products / edited by Donald L. Downing, p. tree which is characterized by resistance to 1-29. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL apple scab and cedar apple rust, outstanding
Call No.: DNAL TP44 1 . A6P76 ) fresh fruit quality, smooth, slightly waxy skin, and a maturity approximately 7.5 to 8 weeks before 'Delicious' and 4 to 4.5 weeks before 'Prima.'. Plant patent - United States 0327 Patent and Trademark Office. Sept 6. 1988. (6268). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65
Apple rootstock--Cepi 1 and variety. P69) . Masseron, A. Grillet, E. Washington, D.C. The Office. The invention relates to a new and distinct virus-free variety of apple tree useful as a rootstock for supporting grafted 0331 apple varieties, particularly for planting of hedgerows of apple trees. The new variety Apples of my eye. originated as a clone of heat treated Page, S. Emmaus, Pa. Rodale Press, Inc. s Parad i -Jaune-de-Metz selection, M9B , also Organic gardening. Jan 1991. v. 38 (1). p. called M9 INFEL. It has been found that there 50-54. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S605.5.074).
1 i 1 i is better root i gn f cat on as well as generally several points of root issue on the clones as well as an increased vigor to the cultivars. Plant patent - United States Patent 0332 and Trademark Office. Nov 19, 1991. (7715). 4 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). Arthropod resistance in plant introduction accessions of Ma1us sp. to some arthropod pests
of econom i c i mpor t ance
FVRJA. Goonewardene , H.F. Povish, W.R. 0328 University Park, Pa. American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. July 1988. v. Apple rootstock --Lancep variety. 42 (3). p. 88-91. Includes references. (NAL
Masseron, A. Grillet, E. Washington, D.C. : The Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464 ) . Office. The invention relates to a new and distinct virus-free variety of apple tree useful as a rootstock for supporting grafted apple varieties, particularly for planting of hedgerows of apple trees. The new variety
48 . ,
(PLANT BREEDING)
--. 0333 p. ill. ; 28 cm. Bibliography: p. 25. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aS21.R44A7 no. 53). Arthropods in a scab, Venturia inaequalls
(Cke. ) Wint., ( Ascomycetes : Mycosphaerel lacea) and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch),
(Acari : Tetranychidae) , resistant apple orchard 0339 in Indiana.
FVRJA. Goonewardene , H.F. Bogyo, T.P. A computer management system for apple ("Malus
University Park, Pa. : American Pomological X domestica" Borkh.) germplasm with resistance Society. Fruit varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. to diseases and arthropod pests. 42 (2). p. 52-65. Includes references. (NAL Goonewardene, H.F. Rudkevich, V.; Grosso, R.;
Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). Williams, E.B. Beltsville, Md . : The Service. ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Sept 1986. (53). 26 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL
0334 aS21 .R44A7) .
Assembly line plants take root. AGREA. Comis, D. Wood, M. Washington, D.C. The Administration. Agricultural research - 0340 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Apr 1986. v. 34 (4). p. 6-11 Control of arthropods on apple, Malus X ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84). domestica (Borkh.), selections for scab
(Ascomycetes: Mycosphaerel 1 acea) and apple maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) resistance in an orchard in Indiana. 0335 JEENAI. Goonewardene, H.F. Pliego, G.; McCabe,
G.P.; Howard, P.H.; Oliver, P.J. Lanham, Md. : Burrknots on clonal apple rootstocks and their Entomological Society of America. Three years development as affected by scion cultivar. of sampling an apple orchard with seven CFRTA. Rom, R.C. East Lansing, Mich. selections resistant to apple scab, Venturia International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., five of which were Compact fruit tree. 1986. v. 19. p. 183-188. also resistant to apple maggot, Rhagoletis Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 pomonella (Walsh), growing on three different
D96) . rootstocks (EMVII, MM1106, and MM111). indicated a faunal composition consisting of eight orders from which 31 taxa in 21 families were identified. Among the 14 most frequently 0336 found groups in descending frequency were aphids. Aphis pomi De Geer and Dysaphis Combining ability of apple varieties for scab plantaginea Passerini; leafminer, res 1 stance. Phy 1 1 onorycter blancardella (F.); plum SOGEBZ. Zhdanov, V.V. Sedov, E.N. New York, curcul io, Conotrachel us nenuphar (Herbst);
N.Y. : Consultants Bureau. Soviet genetics. codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.); ants, Translated from: Genetika, v. 24, (7), 1988, p. Lasius neoniger (Emery) and Prenolepis imparls
1250-1255. (QH431 . A1G4) . Jan 1989. v. 24 (7). (Say); leafhoppers, Empoasca maligna Walsh, p. 874-878. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Jikradia olitoria (Say), Penthimia americana
DNAL QH431 . A1G43) (Fitch), Scaphytopius sp., and Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee; tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois); green fruitworm, Lithophane antennata (Walker); flea 0337 beetle genera (unidentified); ladybird beetles, Adalia bipunctata (L.), Anatis sp.,
Comparison of early performance and fire blight Brach i acantha ursina (F.), Coleomegilla susceptibility of 12 early season apple maculata lengi Timber lake, Hippodamia
i i 1 1 cultivars. convergens Guer n-Menev e , Myzia pullata FVRJA. Ferree, D.C. Funt, R.C; Chandler, O.K. (Say), and 011a v. nigrum Mulsant; apple
University Park, Pa. : American Pomological maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh); redbanded Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1988. v. leafroller. Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker); 42 (1). p. 24-28. Includes references. (NAL lacewing, Chrysopa carnea (Stevens); and green Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say). Direct inverse relationships were found between numbers of identified pests and predators. Significant differences in the incidence of 0338 arthropods were found among rootstocks and among selections. Based on these findings, we A Computer management system for Apple ("Mai us used a modified program of insecticides only
X domestica" Borkh. ) germplasm with resistance (azi nphosmethyl and carbaryl and fenvalerate to disease and arthropod pests /H.F. and phosmet with water as the control applied --. Goonewardene ... et al . . 9, 36, and 81 d after full bloom), and obtained
Goonewardene, H. F. Washington, D.C? : U.S. greater than or equal to 80% fruit without any, Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research arthropod damage. The total crop was evaluated
Service . ; Springfield, Va For sale from from fruit set to harvest. The cost of NTIS, 1986. Caption title.- September 1986. 26 chemicals per hectare for the azi nphosmethyl
49 . ..
(PLANT BREEDING) and carbaryl program was $83.40;. Journal of 0343 economic entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (5). p. 1426-1436. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Crabapple tree named Amber ina.
DNAL 421 d822) . Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. An ornamental flowering crabapple tree named Amberina, having disease resistant deep green leaves that change to bright gold in autumn. 0341 The cultivar produces firm, glossy, small bright red berries that maintain themselves on Control of arthropods on apple selections with the tree for the entire winter. Rose-pink buds scab ( Ascomycetes : Hycophaerel lacea) and open to pure white fragrant blossoms. The European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) cultivar roots easily as a soft wood cutting. resistance. Plant patent - United States Patent and JEENAI. Goonewardene. H.F. Pliego, G.; McCabe, Trademark Office. July 25, 1989. (6942). 2 p.
G.P.; Howard, P.H.; Oliver, P.J. Lanham, Md. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) Entomological Society of America. Use of pest and disease resistant cultivars in pest management is an alternative to commercial apple production that depends on use of 0344 chemical pesticides. Over a 3-yr period, we produced fruit that were 86% free of damage by Crabapple tree named Red Peacock. key pests using selections with apple scab, Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. The Office. An Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint, and European ornamental flowering crabapple tree named Red red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) resistance and Peacock, having large coral buds opening to three critically timed sprays of either soft pink and white ruffled blossoms, mint fenvalerate or phosmet . Although we did not use green disease free foliage, abundant annual one, a fungicide may be needed to produce fruit blossoms and shiny red berries, early that would grade well if summer diseases, uprightness tending toward maturity into a Gloedes pomogena (Schw.) Colby and Leptothyrium semiweeping habit, tannish gold bark and stems, pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc. are a problem. The and fruit maintenance into early winter. Plant management program for these resistant patent - United States Patent and Trademark selections produced a crop of undamaged fruit Office. Sept 12, 1989. (7022). 2 p. plates. comparable with one that would be produced with (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) . a calendar-based spray program on commercially grown cultivars susceptible to pests and diseases. The cost of a program including eight sprays of insecticides, fungicides, and 0345 acari cides recommended in Indiana for apple production is $1,387.48 per season per hectare Crabapple tree named Red Swan. for cultivars not resistant to pests. This cost Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. An was reduced to $84.90 with phosmet or $240.00 ornamental flowering crabapple tree named Red per hectare with fenvalerate for the season Swan, having a graceful and small weeping form when resistant selections were used. Summer to 10 feet 1n maturity, with heavily textured, disease control was not considered in our disease resistant lanceolate leaves. The leaves investigation but, if needed, two sprays of change in fall to a gold color. Bright red fungicide would cost $77.40 per season per fruit is borne abundantly. The flower buds and hectare. Fruit damage related to rootstock or blossoms are pendulous, and the initially coral selection differences (or both) previously pink buds change to pure white before the reported were not found, suggesting perhaps a blossoms open. Plant patent - United States masking of such effects by pesticide. Journal Patent and Trademark Office. Aug 8, 1989. of economic entomology. Feb 1990. v. 83 (1). p. (6974). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65
180-188. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: P69) . DNAL 421 J822).
0346 0342 Crabapple tree named Satin Cloud.
Crabapple cultivar preferences of the plum Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. An curcuHo, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) ornamental tetraploid flowering crabapple tree
( Co 1 eoptera : Curcu 1 1 on 1 dae ) named Satin Cloud, having a ball -shaped, wide FVRJA. Aim, S.R. Hall, F.R. University Park, compact yellow billowy and rounded habit. Dark
Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit rose buds open to cinnamon fragrant satiny varieties journal. July 1986. v. 40 (3). p. white blossoms with occasional pink tinging. 83-87. Includes 6 references. (NAL Call No.: Its waxy spring leaves are green with amber
DNAL 80 F9464 ) . blushes, and the summer-long, disease resistant foliage is leathery and dark green. This low maintenance, closely internoded cultivar displays as autumn leaf color of burnt red, with gold leaves in the center shade part of the canopy. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Aug 1, 1989. (6956). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 )
50 . . . ,
(PLANT BREEDING)
0347 for codling moth eggs on apples and pears after harvest. Journal of economic entomology. Oct Crabapp1es--a selection guide. 1989. V. 82 (5). p. 1379-1381. Includes
MUCBA . Peterson, C. Heatley, R. East Lansing, references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). - Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University. Apr 1989. (2177). 8 p. ill. (NAL
Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B ) . 0352
'Elliot' pear.
HJHSA. Ryugo, K. Alexandria, Va. : American 0348 Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1989. V. 24 (5). p. 869-870. ill. Includes Damage threshold for pear psylla nymphs references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). (Homoptera: Psyllidae).
JEENAI. Burts, E.C. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1988. v. 81 (2). p. 0353 599-601. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) Evaluating spray materials to control fire blight: laboratory, greenhouse, and field techniques
Beer, S.V. Norel 1 i , J.L. St. Paul, Minn. : APS 0349 Press, C1986. Methods for evaluating pesticides for control of plant pathogens / edited by
Damage to apple cultivars by races of European Kenneth D. Hickey ; prepared jointly by the corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). American Phytopathol ogical Society and the
JEENAI. Straub, R.W. Weires, R.W.; Eckenrode, Society of Nematol og i sts . p. 134-142. Includes
C.J. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB960.M47 of America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1986) . 1986. v. 79 (2). p. 359-363. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822).
0354
0350 Evaluation of a methyl bromide quarantine treatment to control codling moth (Lepidoptera: Differential susceptibility of Mai us spp. Tortricidae) on nectarine cultivars proposed cultivars Robusta 5, Novole, and Ottawa 523 to for export to Japan.
Erwinia amylovora. JEENAI. Yokoyama, V.Y. Miller, G.T.; Hartsel 1
PLDRA. Norelli, J.L. Aldwinkle. H.S.; Beer, P.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of
S.V. St. Paul, Minn. : American America. Our experiments showed that testing
Phytopathol og i cal Society. Plant disease. Nov required by regulatory agencies to demonstrate 1986. V. 70 (11). p. 1017-1019. Includes the efficacy of a quarantine treatment using 48 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). g/m3 methyl bromide for 2 h at 21 degrees C or above and 50% load was unnecessary to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), on every nectarine cultivar proposed for export to
0351 Japan. Ovi pos i t i onal tests for codling moth on nine nectarine cultivars showed no differences Effect of low temperatures on three embryonic in acceptability among cultivars that might stages of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: cause higher populations in harvested fruit and Tortricidae) affect quarantine security levels. Measurements JEENAI. Moffitt, H.R. Burditt, A.K. Jr. Lanham, of egg chorion and fruit cuticle showed that Md. Entomological Society of America. Based codling moth eggs were not affected by on mortality, the order of tolerance of three different nectarine cultivars and other fruit embryonic stages of codling moth, Cydia substrates. No differences that would reduce pomonella (L.), eggs for temperatures near 0 the efficacy of the methyl bromide quarantine degrees C was red ring white blackhead. Red treatment were found in codling moth mortality ring stage eggs were 1.5 times more tolerant of to methyl bromide fumigation in dose- response low temperature than were white stage eggs egg tests on different substrates, including 2.5 times more tolerant than blackhead stage nectarine, peach, plum, and apple cultivars and eggs. Thirty-six, to 42 d exposure was required waxed paper. A confirmatory test resulted in for complete mortality on mature Red Delicious' 100% mortality of 27,174 1-d-old codling moth or Golden Delicious' apples. Tolerance of low eggs. The true survival proportion based on all temperature was not affected by the apple confirmatory tests was less than or equal to 20 variety used as the substrate for oviposition. per 1 million at the 95% CL. A concentration X
Eggs deposited on a substrate other than time product of (average +/- SD ) 68.0 +/- 3.0 apples, such an plastic film, were g.h/m3 methyl bromide was considered a useful significantly more susceptible to the effects measurement to help maintain treatment security of low temperature. Exposure to low for control of codling moth on all nectarine temperatures such as those commonly used for cultivars. Journal of economic entomology. Apr short- or long-term fruit storage shows promise 1990. V. 83 (2). p. 466-471. Includes as an alternative to fumigation as a treatment references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822).
51 . . . . .
(PLANT BREEDING)
0355 genotypes, 'NY10352.' 'NY10355,' and 'Bradford,' psylla probed frequently and moved Evaluation of flowering crabapple about, but either left the plant or died after susceptibility to apple scab in 0hio--1988. little feeding. Results of these behavioral ORDCB. Smith, E.M. Treaster, S.A. Wooster, Ohio studies indicate thnt susceptible and resistant - : The Center. Special circular Ohio genotypes can be r lily distinguished in a Agricultural Research and Development Center. 24-h bioassay. Jour il of economic entomology. In the series analytic: Ornamental plants: a Oct 1988. V. 81 (5) p. 1394-1397. Includes summary of research, 1989. Jan 1989. (123). p. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 9-13. Includes references. 0361 0356 Feeding, longevity, and development of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) nymphs on Evaluation of flowering crabapple resistant and susceptible pear genotypes. susceptibility to apple scab in 0hio--1990. JEENAI. Butt, B.A Stuart, L.C.; Bell, R.L. ORDCB. Smith, E.M. Treaster, S.A. Wooster. Ohio Lanham, Md . : -nt^ 'ogical Society of America. The Center. Special circular - Ohio One-day-old fi - - jtar pear psylla, Agricultural Research and Development Center. Cacopsylla pyr-, ,-oerster, were placed on Jan 1991. (137). p. 10-15. Includes references. 'Bartlett' (susc ble), NY10352 (moderately (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S). resistant), and adford' (resistant) pear (Pyrus spp.) genotypes. Psylla nymphs fed and developed readily on 'Bartlett' but fed little, developed slowly, and did not reach the fifth 0357 stadium on 'Bradford.' Psylla feeding on NY10352 resulted in an extremely extended Evaluation of ripening and fruit quality of development time, with very few reaching the 'Gala' and 'Mcintosh' apples at harvest and adult stage. Journal of economic entomology. following air storage. Apr 1989. V. 82 (2). p. 458-461. Includes FVRJA. Greene, D.W. Autio, W.R. University references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. July 1990. v. 44 (3). p. 117-123. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464) 0362 Field performance of Malus sargentli as a rootstock for four commercial apple varieties. 0358 FVRJA. Olien, W.C. Stiles, W.C.; McCrum, R.C. University Park. Pa. : American Pomological E11-24, E14-32, and E36-7 apple germplasm with Society. Fruit varieties journal. Oct 1986. v. multiple pest resistance. 40 (4). p. 140-143. Includes references. (NAL HJHSA. Goonewardene , H.F. Alexandria, Va. : Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Dec 1987. v. 22 (6). p. 1346-1348. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1 .H6) 0363 Field susceptibility of scab-resistant apple cultivars and selections to cedar apple rust, 0359 quince rust and hawthorn rust. FVRJA. Warner. J. University Park, Pa. E7-47, E7-54, E29-56, and E31-10 apple American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties germplasm with multiple pest resistance. journal. Oct 1990. v. 44 (4). p. 216-225. HJHSA. Goonewardene. H.F. Howard, P.H. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 Alexandria, Va. : American Society for F9464 ) Horticultural Science. HortScience. Feb 1989. V. 24 (1). p. 167-169. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 0364 Field susceptibility of 68 apple cultivars to 0360 cedar apple rust, quince rust and hawthorn rust Feeding behavior of pear psylla (Homoptera: FVRJA. Warner, J. University Park, Pa. Psyllidae) nymphs on susceptible and resistant American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties Pyrus germplasm. journal. Jan 1992. v. 46 (1). p. 6-10. Includes JEENAI. Butt, B.A. Stuart, L.C.; Bell, R.L. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). College Park, Md . Entomological Society of America. In laboratory studies, pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), readily fed on 'Bartlett, 'Seckel,' and 'Monterrey' pear (Pyrus spp.). On known psy 1 1 a- res i stant 52 . . . (PLANT BREEDING) 0365 0371 Fire blight resistance of several wild pear Genetics and linkage analysis of 19 isozyme seedlings collected in southwestern Ontario. loci in apple. FVRJA. Quamme, H.A. University Park, Pa. vJOSHB. Weeden, N.F. Lamb, R.C. Alexandria, Va. American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties : The Society. Journal of the American Society journal. Apr 1986. v. 40 (2). p. 59-61. ill. for Horticultural Science. Sept 1987. v. 112 Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 (5). p. 865-872. ill. Includes references. (NAL F9464) Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . 0366 0372 Fire blight susceptibility of apple Growing pears in North Carolina. introductions and selections. Williams, K.M. Werner, D.J. Raleigh, N.C. : The - FVRJA. Mehl enbacher . S.A. Varney, E.H. Service. AG North Carolina Agricultural University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Extension Service, North Carolina State Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1987. v. University. June 1987. (80, rev.). 13 p. ill. 41 (1). p. 19-22. Includes references. (NAL Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). S544.3.N6N62) 0367 0373 Flowering crab apple tree. Growth regulators and herbicides for delaying Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A apple fruit abscission. new variety of crab apple tree, which I call HJHSA. Marini, R.P. Byers, R.E.; Sowers, D.L. "Doubloons", has large white double flowers, a Alexandria, Va. : American Society for generally round habit of growth with upright Horticultural Science. HortScience. Dec 1989. spreading dense branches and yellow fruit. The V. 24 (6). p. 957-959. Includes references. new variety is resistant to apple scab. Plant (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Apr 10, 1990. (7216). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). 0374 Homology of the agent associated with dapple 0368 apple disease to apple scar skin viroid and molecular detection of these viroids. Flowering crab apple tree 'Sinai Fire'. PHYTA. Hadidi, A. Huang, C; Hammond, R.W.; Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A Hashimoto, J. St. Paul, Minn. American new variety of crab apple tree, which I call Phytopathol ogical Society. Gel electrophoresis 'Sinai Fire', has white flowers, weeping coupled with molecular hybridization analyses branches and red fruit. The new variety is using 32P-labeled SP6-generated apple scar skin - ) resistant to apple scab. Plant patent United viroid ( ASSV - spec i f i c cRNA probes demonstrated States Patent and Trademark Office. Apr 9, that the pathogen associated with dapple apple 1991. (7492). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL disease is a viroid that is closely homologous 156.65 P69). to ASSV. Dapple apple viroid (DAV) consists of fewer than 359 nucleotides and is systemically distributed in apple seed, fruit, bark, leaf, and root tissues of infected apple trees. 0369 Molecular hybridization assays using 32P- labeled ASSV cRNA probes have been 'Freedom': a disease-resistant apple. developed and applied for the detection of DAV HJHSA. Lamb. R.C. Aldwinckle, H.S.; Terry, D, or ASSV in small amounts of infected apple Alexandria, Va. : American Society for tissue (0.2-2.0 g). These assays are accurate, Horticultural Science. HortScience. Aug 1985. easy to perform, and applicable for screening V. 20 (4). p. 774-775. ill. Includes 3 DAV or ASSV in imported apple cultivars. These references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). viroids now can be positively identified from infected apple tissue in a few days instead of a few years by fruit symptoms on grafted woody indicators. Phytopathology. Mar 1990. v. 80 0370 (3). p. 263-268. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56 ) Gala, a new early-maturing apple variety. Stebbins, R.L. Corvallis, Or. : The Service. PNW bulletin - Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State Universities, Cooperative Extension Service. July 1987. (319). 4 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27PN). 53 . . . (PLANT BREEDING) 0375 bagging is at early maturity of the yellowish green color identified in the Munsel . Book of Horticultural alternatives. Color as follows: Hue symbol: 2.5 gy , Chroma: ILLRA. Korban, S.S. Urbana, 111. : The Station. 6, Value: 9, and is at full maturity of the Illinois research - Illinois Agricultural yellow color identified in the Munsel Book of Experiment Station. Fall/Winter 1989. v. 31 Color as follows: Hue symbol: 10 y. Chroma: 6, (3/4). p. 32. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 IL64). Value: 9, and a white flesh which is soft, crisp and very Juicy, with a high sweetness, a lower acidity, no astringency, and a slight aromatic flavor, giving an excellent dessert 0376 quality. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Apr 11, 1989. (6726). 2 In vitro reaction between apple pollen and p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). apple scab fungus (Venturia inaequalis Cke. Wint. ) Visser, T. Meys, 0. van der . New York : Spr i nger- Ver 1 ag , c1986. Biotechnology and 0380 ecology of pollen : proceedings. International Conference on Biotechnology and Ecology of Japanese pear tree "Chikusui". Pollen, 9-11 July 1985, Univ. of Massachusetts, Machida, Y. Kotobuki, K.; Kajiura, I.; Sato, Amherst, MA / ed . by D.L. Mulcahy, G.B. Mulcahy Y.; Kozono, T.; Kanato, K.; Seike, K.; Shimura, and E. Ottaviano. p. 119-124. Includes I.; Omura, M.; Abe, K. Washington, D.C. : The references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0K658.B575). Office. Disclosed herein is a Japanese pear tree having a moderate vigor and an easily maintained moderate spur development, a high resistance to black spot disease and a high 0377 productivity. This tree produces an oblate-shaped fruit which matures early in the In vitro testing of the reaction of apple season, i.e., from the start to the middle of rootstocks to Phytophthora cactorum. August, in the central part of the Kanto FVRJA. Barritt, B.H. Covey. R.P.; D 1 1 1 ey , M.A. district, Japan. The fruit has a medium size University Park, Pa. : American Pomological and the same weight as 'Kosui', i.e., 250 to Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1990. v. 300 g, a yellowish brown skin, and a white 44 (1). p. 23-25. Includes references. (NAL flesh which is soft, crisp and very juicy with Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). a high Brix the pH of the juice being about 5.2, a particular smell without aromatic flavor, giving an excellent dessert quality. Plant patent - United States Patent and 0378 Trademark Office. Dec 31, 1991. (7758). 3 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) . Inheritance of resistance to fire blight in Mai us crosses. Korban, S.S. Ries, S.M.; Morrisey, J.F.; Hattermann, D. Washington, D.C. : Horticultural 0381 Research Institute. Journal of environmental horticulture. Mar 1988. v. 6 (1). p. 22-24. The 'Jonathan' apple and its progeny. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FVRJA. Rom, R.C. University Park. Pa. SB1 . J66) American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. 34-39. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464) . 0379 Japanese pear tree. Kanato, K. Machida, Y.; Kozaki, I.; Chiba, T.; 0382 Kishimoto, 0.; Seike, K.; Shimura, I.; Kotobuj i , K.; Omura, M.; Kajiura, I. Leaf Scorch Responses of 'Sensation' and Washington, D.C. : The Office. Disclosed herein 'Bartlett' Pear to twopspotted spider mite is a Japanese pear tree which has a moderate ( Acar i : Tet ranych i dae ) vigor and an easily maintained moderate spur JEENAI. McNab. S.C. Jerie, P.H. Lanham. Md. development, is resistant to black spot Entomological Society of America. The effect of disease, anc as productive as 'Hosui'. The tree 0. 2, 5, and 10 adult female twospotted spider is cross- 1 ncompat ibl e with 'Kosui' and is mites. Tetranychus urticae Koch, per leaf on assumed to ha' an S4S5 genotype, and has brown the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf young leaves and white large flowers which have scorch and leaf stippling was investigated in a pale red color at the pit at fat bud and two pear cultivars, 'Bartlett' ('William Bon bloom middle to late in the season and at Chretien') and 'Sensation', a red 'Bartlett' i almost the same time as ' N j i ' . of leaf area affected i ssel k The tree mutation. The percentage can produce an oblate-shaped fruit which by stippling increased (P < 0.001) with matures early in the season, earlier than increasing mite density on both varieties. i ' j i i , N i sse k ' and has a normal keeping quality. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference a large 1 - t 1 i The fruit has size which is larger than in the eaf s i pp ng response of the two i ' j 1 i that of N i sse k ' , a skin which is covered cultivars. The percentage of leaf area affected partly with russet when cultivated without by scorch was found to significantly increase 54 . (PLANT BREEDING) (P < 0.01) on 'Bartlett' leaves with increasing 0386 mite density; virtually no leaf scorch was observed on 'Sensation' leaves. Mite densities 'McShay' apple. were similar at each treatment level for HJHSA. Mehl enbacher , S.A. Thompson, M.M.; 'Bartlett' and 'Sensation' leaves. This Janick, J.; Williams, E.B.; Emerson, F.H.; indicates a tolerance to leaf scorch resulting Korban, S.S.; Dayton, D.F.; Hough, L.F. from twospotted spider mite feeding in the Alexandria, Va. : American Society for 'Sensation' variety. Journal of economic Horticultural Science. HortScience. Dec 1988. entomology. Aug 1991. v. 84 (4). p. 1334-1338. V. 23 (6). p. 1091-1092. ill. Includes Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). J822) 0387 0383 Methods for field evaluation of fungicides for Lessons from the Red Delicious success story control of foliar and fruit diseases of apple. PWHAA. O'Rourke, A.D. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Hickey, K.D. Yoder, K.S.; Zehr , E.I. St. Paul, - Association. Proceedings Washington State Minn. : APS Press, c1986. Methods for Horticultural Association. 1989. (85th). p. evaluating pesticides for control of plant 103. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). pathogens / edited by Kenneth D. Hickey ; prepared jointly by the American Phytopathol ogical Society and the Society of Nematol ogi sts . p. 116-119. Includes references. 0384 (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB960.M47 1986). Mai us Coral Cascade. Ross, H.A. Washington, D.C. : The Office. Named for its graceful, semi -weeping habit and 0388 persistant coral -orange fruit, Malus cultivar 'Coral Cascade' offers a unique fall display Monitoring the codling moth ( Lepldoptera: among crabapple cultivars with a weeping habit. Olethreutldae) and the obi Iquebanded leafroller The abundant load of large pea-sized ornamental (Lepldoptera: Tortrlcldae) with sticky and fruit causes its slender horizontal branches to nonstlcky traps. droop in a cascade of reddish-orange color. Its JEENAI. Vincent. C. Mailloux, M. ; Hagley, annual fruit production results in a permanent E.A.C.; Reissig, W.H.; Col i , W.M.; Hosmer, T.A. downward arching of the branches as the plant Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. ages. This crabapples small stature (15' tall X In monitoring trials conducted in 1985 in 17 20' wide in 30 years) makes it desirable for apple orchards of Quebec, Ontario, use in prominant landscape locations, elevated Massachusetts, and New York, two sticky planters, and beneath power lines. The spring pheromone trap models (Pherocon 1C and Pherocon flower display starts with pinkish-red buds on II) and two nonsticky trap models (Multi-Pher I pendulous pedicels of about 1.5" (4 cm) in and III) were tested to monitor the codling length. The abundant flowers open white with moth, Cydia pomonella L., and the obi iquebanded the abaxial edges of the petals remaining pink. leafroller, Chor i stoneura rosaceana (Harris). 'Coral Cascade' has an established record of Three criteria of trap performance were disease resistance. Its thick, green leaves considered: 1) total seasonal captures, (2) retain their high quality until fall frosts maximum seasonal captures of the first trasform them to golden hues of yellow, orange generation, and (3) first date of captures. and tan. Plant patent - United States Patent Trap performance varied between sprayed and and Trademark Office. Feb 6, 1990. (7142). 2 p. unsprayed orchards. In sprayed orchards, plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). Pherocon 1C and Multi-Pher I had higher codling moth captures than expected; however, no trap model was consistently superior for monitoring of obi iquebanded leafroller. For codling moth, 0385 Multi-Pher I consistently had a higher frequency of maximum seasonal captures than Malus hupehensis named 'Cardinal'. other trap models. For the obi i quebanded Flemer, W. III. Washington, D.C. : The Office. leafroller, the two sticky trap models had a A Malus hupehensis tree providing abundant red higher frequency of maximum captures than other flowers and small, very glossy red fruits, trap models in sprayed orchards. Pherocon II having resistance to defoliation in hot humid was the best trap for evaluation of the first summers and to leaf injury from apple scab date of capture of codling moth in sprayed and fungus or mildew which severely affects other unsprayed orchards and obi i quebanded leafroller similar trees in an adjacent area, the tree in sprayed orchards. Journal of economic growing rapidly and displaying a wide spreading entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 (2). p. 434-440. crown. Plant patent - United States Patent and Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Trademark Office. Feb 13, 1990. (7147). 2 p. J822). plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69). 55 . . . : (PLANT BREEDING) 0389 0394 The new generation of disease resistant apples. Pear tree Old Home X Farmingdale variety No. NEMFA. Lamb, R.C. Livermore, K.G. North 87. Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England Brooks, L.A. Washington, D.C. : The Office. fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... This invention relates to a new and distinct annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' variety of pear tree which is useful as a Association. Meeting held January 31-February size-controlling rootstock. The new variety 1, 1990. 1990. V. 96. p. 102-106. (NAL Call originated as a single seedling selected from a No. : DNAL 81 M384) large group of pear seedlings which were grown f'-om open-pollinated seed. This seed was collected from Old Home Pear Trees (Pyrus communis) growing in an isolated planting with 0390 Farmingdale pollinizers. Pear fruiting varieties propagated on the under stock of this New Jersey apple varieties. new rootstock variety are approximately 80% of Hopfinger, J. A. Frecon, J.L. New Brunswick, the size of like pear trees growing on domestic - N.J. : The Service. FS Cooperative Extension Bartlett seedling rootstocks. This Service, Cook College. 1985. (094, rev.). 8 p. "semi -dwarf i ng" selection is easily asexual ly (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N5F7 ) reproduced; particularly by hardwood cuttings. It has proven to be graft compatible with all commercially grown pear varieties. It was selected for its non-rootsucker i ng habit, its 0391 resistance to Fireblight disease and its tolerance of Pear Decline disease. It has also Our experiences with apple rootstocks and proven to be hardy, early bearing and well cultivars. anchored in the many areas and soil types where CFRTA. Fugger, B. East Lansing, Mich. it was tested. It has proven to be adaptable to International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. Northern pear growing areas such as Summerland. Compact fruit tree. Paper presented at the 30th British Columbia, Harrow, Ontario, and Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree Kentsville, Nova Scotia, Canada, having been Association Conference, Toronto, March 1987. selected to fill these Northern pear growing 1987. V. 20. p. 21-22. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 rootstock needs. Plant patent - United States D96). Patent and Trademark Office. Nov 1, 1988. (6362). 3 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69) . 0392 Pear tree--'E1 1 iot' 0395 Ryugo, K. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A new and distinct variety of pear tree primarily Postharvest calcium treatment of apple fruit to characterized by its tolerance to the provide broad- spectrum protection against fire-blight organism, (Erwinia amylovora), and postharvest pathogens. further characterized by a blooming habit PLDIDE. Conway. W.S. Sams, C.E.; Abbott, J. A.; concurrent with 'Bart lett'; skin with firm and Bruton, B.D. St. Paul, Minn. : American buttery texture, and fruit with a flavor which Phy topathol og i ca 1 Society. Plant disease. June is excellent to good, The keeping quality of 1991. V. 75 (6). p. 620-622. Includes the fruit is good to excellent. Plant patent - references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). United States Patent and Trademark Office. Dec 6, 1988. (6452) . 2 p. plates. (NAL Cal 1 No. DNAL 156.65 P69). 0396 The prickly pears (Opunita spp.): plants with 0393 economic potential. Russell. C.E. Felker, P. Fort Collins, Colo. : Pear tree--Red Winter. The Station. General technical report RM - Zanzi, G. Washington. D.C. : The Office. A new Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment and distinct asexual ly reproduced pear tree Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest called Red Winter, as illustrated and Service. Paper presented at a "Symposium on described. The fruit is large, light yellow-red Management and Utilization of Arid Land in color and has a very sweet flavor. It ripens Plants," February 18-22, 1985, Saltlllo. approximately thirty-five days after the Mexico. Sept 1986. (135). p. 41. Includes William Barlett variety and has an references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSD11.A42). exceptionally long shelf life under the conditions existing in the Ferrara region of Northern Italy. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. July 4. 1989. (6897). 1 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69) . 56 . . . . . (PLANT BREEDING) 0397 0402 Processing quality of pear selections in the Response of apple cultivars to fumigation with Harrow breeding program. methyl bromide. FVRJA. Kappel , F. Quamme, H.A. University Park, HJHSA. Meheriuk, M. Gaunce, A. P.; Dyck , V.A. Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit Alexandria, Va . : American Society for varieties journal. Oct 1987. v. 41 (4). p. Horticultural Science. HortScience. May 1990. 136-140. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: V. 25 (5). p. 538-540. Includes references. DNAL 80 F9464 ) (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) 0398 0403 Reactions of crab apples considered as 'Richelieu' apple. potential apple pollinizers to latent virus HJHSA. Granger, R.L. Fortin, C.N.; Rousselle, infection. G.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for FVRJA. Fridlund, P.R. Aichele, M.D. University Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1990. Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit V. 25 (10). p. 1310-1311. ill. Includes varieties journal. Jan 1987. v. 41 (1). p. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 17-18. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464) . 0404 0399 Ripening and storability of 'Marshall Mcintosh' apples. Regeneration and transformation experiments in FVRJA. Autio, W.R. Bramlage, W.J.; Lord, W.J. apple. University Park, Pa. : American Pomological NASSD. Welander, M. Maheswaran, G. New York, Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1990. v. N.Y. : Plenum Press. NATO ASI series : Series A 44 (1). p. 36-40. ill. Includes references. Life sciences. In the series analytic: Woody (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). plant biotechnology / edited by M.R. Ahuja. Proceedings of a Workshop at the Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA Forest Service, October 15-19, 1989, Placerville, California. 1991. v. 0405 210. p. 237-246. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0H3O1.N32). Rootstocks affect ripening and other qualities of 'Delicious' apples. JOSHB. Autio, W.R. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. The effects of rootstocks on 0400 'Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple ripening, quality, size, mineral composition, Reimer cultivar pear tree. and storability were studied over 4 years. Reimer, F. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A Removal of the effects of crop load by analysis pear tree, which is a planned cross between Max of covariance suggested that M.27 EMLA advanced Red Bartlett and Cornice is characterized by its fruit ripening and that M.7 EMLA delayed fruit heavy crop of large red-skinned fruit of ripening. Ott.3, M.9, MAC 9, OAR 1, M.9 EMLA, excellent dessert quality which long storage and M.26 EMLA either were inconsistent in their life. Plant patent - United States Patent and effects on ripening or consistently resulted in Trademark Office. Aug 9, 1988. (6245). 2 p. an intermediate time of ripening. Fruit size plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) consistently was largest from trees on M.9 EMLA and smallest from trees on OAR 1. Fruit from trees on MAC 9 generally had relatively high Ca contents, and fruit from trees on OAR 1 had 0401 relatively low Ca concentrations. The effects of rootstock on storability appeared to be Resistance to powdery mildew from some related to their effects on maturity and Ca smal 1 -f rui ted Malus cultivars. levels. Journal of the American Society for HJHSA. Gallott, J.C. Lamb, R.C; Aldwinckle, Horticultural Science. May 1991. v. 116 (3). p. H.S. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for 378-382. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Horticultural Science. HortScience. Dec 1985. DNAL 81 S012) . V. 20 (6). p. 1085-1087. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) 0406 Susceptibility of Malus spp. to the apple blotch leafminer ( Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) EVETEX. Aim, S.R. Weires, R.W.; Lamb, R.C; Nielsen, R.A.; Vankirk, J.R. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. June 1985. v. 14 (3). p. 228-230. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 57 . . . . (PLANT BREEDING) DNAL 0L461 . E532) 0410 Virus tested pear gernplasm available at the National Clonal Gertnplasm Repository in 0407 Corvallis, Oregon. FVRJA. Postman, J. Hummer, K. University Park, Susceptibility of pear cultivars to blossom Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit blast caused by Pseudomonas syringae. varieties journal. July 1988. v. 42 (3). p. HJHSA. Whi tesides, S.K. Spotts, R.A. 109-115. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Alexandria, Va . : American Society for No. : DNAL 80 F9464) Horticultural Science. Conditions were established for inducing pear (Pyrus communis L.) blossom blast caused by Pseudomonas syringae (Ps) on detached shoots. Highest 0411 incidence of infection followed occurrence of a major exotherm in the presence of Ps suspended Wi thin-tree spatial patterns of Platynota in water drops on blossom tissue. Eight pear idaeusalis ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on two cultivars were evaluated for susceptibility to apple cultivars. blossom blast, with the red-fruited 'Beurre EVETEX. Meagher, R.L. Jr. Hull, L.A. College d'Anjou' sports 'Gebhart' and 'Columbia' least Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. susceptible and 'Doyenne du Cornice', 'Beurre Environmental entomology. June 1987. v. 16 (3) d'Anjou', and 'Beurre Bosc' most susceptible. p. 786-790. Includes references. (NAL Call No. HortScience. July 1991. v. 26 (7). p. 880-882. DNAL 0L461 . E532) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1 .H6) 0408 Tolerance of three apple cultivars to ultra- low levels of oxygen. HJHSA. Lau , O.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Nov 1990. V. 25 (11). p. 1412-1414. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 0409 Validation of injury thresholds for European red mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) on 'Yorking' and 'Delicious' apple. JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Beers, E.H. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Injury thresholds for the European red mite, Panonychusu 1 m i (Koch), were validated for two major apple (Malus X domestica 1 t i vars 'Yorking' and Borkhauser )cu , 'Delicious,' in Pennsylvania. Four target injury thresholds (0,250, 750, and 1,250 cumulative mite days CMD per leaf) were established on trees for 1 or 2 yr.Most of mite injury occurred during July and August. Effects of injury were determinedon mean fruit weight, soluble solids, fruit firmness, fruit color, as well as returnbloom, percentage of fruit set, and fruit load the year following injury. Only the target i nj urythreshol d level of 1,250 CMDs caused any reduction in yield variables, and this occurred onlyduring the year after mite injury. These reductions occurred for return bloom, percentage offruit set, and return fruit load and only for the cultivar 'Yorking.' Mite injury had no effectduring current season. Adoption of an injury threshold of 750 CMDs is proposed for applesin Pennsylvania. Hypotheses are presented to help explain differences in results of our study compared with those of previous studies. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1990. v. 83 (5). p. 2026-2031. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822 58 . . . PLANT STRUCTURE 0412 0416 Development of the amorphous layer (protective Histology of Del ic1ous/Ma1 1 ing Merton 106 trees layer) in xylem parenchyma of cv. Golden affected by apple union necrosis and decline. Delicious apple, cv. Loring peach, and willow. PHYTAJ. Tuttle. M.A. Gotlieb, A.R. St. Paul. AJBOAA. Schaffer, K. Wisniewski, M. Columbus, Minn. : American Phy topathol og i cal Society. Ohio : Botanical Society of America. American Phytopathology. Mar 1985. v. 75 (3). p. journal of botany. Nov 1989. v. 76 (11). p. 342-347. ill. Includes 18 references. (NAL Call 1569-1582. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) No. : DNAL 450 AM36) 0413 Effect of canopy density on pesticide deposition and distribution in apple trees. PLDRA. Travis, d.W. Skroch, W.A.; Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease, duly 1987. v. 71 (7). p. 613-615. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . 0414 Fine structure of apple leaves treated with the sterol -i nhibi ting fungicide bitertanol. HdHSA. Overton, S.V. Moore, L.D.; Miller, O.K. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. Ul trastructural observations were made of leaves of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Delicious) 12, 24, and 72 hours following a single foliar application of the sterol - i nh i bi t i ng fungicide bitertanol. Thylakoids of chloroplasts from treated leaves were swollen and irregular and chloroplasts had lost their integrity within 12 hours after treatment. Occasionally, mitochondria looked washed out, although no other changes in membrane or organelle structures were observed. Within 24 to 72 hours, moreover, thylakoids of chloroplasts from treated leaves returned to a state similar to that of the controls. However, the numbers of starch granules in the chloroplasts of treated leaves appeared to increase throughout the 72 hours and remained somewhat higher than levels in controls. Thus, bitertanol does not appear to have a lasting effect on apple leaves. HortScience. Feb 1991. v. 26 (2). p. 173-175. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL SB1 .H6) . 0415 Graft union histology and distribution of tomato ringspot virus in infected Mcintosh/Mailing Merton 106 apple trees. PHYTAJ. Tuttle, M.A. Gotlieb, A.R. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Phytopathology. Mar 1985. v. 75 (3). p. 347-351. ill. Includes 14 references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 59 ...... PLANT NUTRITION 0417 0423 Apple orchard management in relation to Effect of soil management and calcium nitrate qual i ty fertilization on the availability of soil NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. nitrate and cations in an eastern apple The Association. New England fruit meetings ... orchard. - Proceedings of the ... annual meeting JOSHB. Glenn, D.M. Miller, S.S.: Habecker , M.A. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. Alexandria, Va . The Society. Journal of the V. 93. p. 64-67. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) . American Society for Horticultural Science. May 1987. V. 112 (3). p. 436-440. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 0418 Apple seedling response to calcium. 0424 JPNUDS. Han, Z.H. Baligar, V.C.; Korcak , R.F.; Shen, T. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Effect of urea nitrogen on fruitfulness and Journal of plant nutrition. 1990. v. 13 (9). p fruit quality of Starkspur Golden Delicious 1155-1166. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call apple trees. No. : DNAL 0K867. J67) . JPNUDS. Tami, M. Lombard, P.B.: Righetti, T.L. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. 1986. v. 9 (1). p. 75-85. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0419 0K867. J67) The association of molybdenum and oxalic acid with several mineral elements involved in the development of Internal bark necrosis of the 0425 apple /by Donald Richard Heinicke. Heinicke, Donald Richard, 1931-. 1960 i.e., Effects of autumn foliar application of - 1961 . Thesis University of Maryland, College 15N-urea on nitrogen storage and reuse in Park. Publication changed on t.p. charged to apple. read 1961 t. 63 leaves ; ill. ; 29 cm. JPNUDS. Han, Z. Zeng, X.; Wang. F. New York, Bibliography: leaves 61-63. (NAL Call No.: DNAL N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant DISS 61 -5, 396) nutrition. 1939. v. 12 (6). p. 675-685. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0K867. J67) 0420 Comparisons of calcium chloride, calcium 0426 phosphate, and a calcium chelate as foliar sprays for 'Mcintosh' apple trees. Fruit quality, growth, and phosphorus increased JOSHB. Bramlage, W.J. Drake, M.; Weis, S.A. with mono-ammonium phosphate fertilization of Alexandria, Va. The Society. Journal of the 'Golden Delicious' apple trees in a American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov low- phosphorus soi 1 1985. V. 110 (6). p. 786-789. Includes 22 JPNUDS. Raese, J.T. New York. N.Y. : Marcel references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. Paper presented at the "Tenth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium," August 4-9, 1986, Beltsville, Maryland. 1987. v. 10 (9/16). p. 0421 2007-2015. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0K867. J67) Effect of a grass on growth and mycorrhization of potted apple trees. HJHSA . Reich, L. Alexandria, Va . : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience 0427 Apr 1985. V. 20 (2). p. 265-267. ill. Includes 15 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Growth of apple seedlings on sludge -amended soils in the greenhouse. CS0SA2. Korcak, R.F. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science and 0422 plant analysis. Oct 1986. v. 17 (10). p. 1041-1054. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Effect of micronutrients , phosphorous and DNAL S590.C63) chelator to iron ratio on growth, chlorosis and nutrition of apple seedlings. JPNUDS. Tong, Y.A. Fan, F.; Korcak, R.F.; Chaney, R.L.; Faust, M. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. 1986. v. 9 (1). p. 23-41. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0K867.J67). 60 . . (PLANT NUTRITION) 0428 Impact of woolly apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on the growth of potted apple trees. JEENAI. Weber, D.C. Brown, M.W. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Aug 1988. v. 81 (4). p. 1170-1177. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0429 Improved performance of bearing 'Delicious' apple trees with nitrogen and phosphate fertilization in a low-phosphorus soil. JOSHB. Raese, J.T. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1986. v. 111 (5). p. 665-669. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 0430 Influence of calicum and mangnesium salts on acid soil chemistry and calcium nutrition of apple. SSSJD4. Pavan, M.A. Bingham, F.T.; Peryea, F.J. Madison, Wis. : The Society. Soil Science Society of America journal. Nov/Dec 1987. v. 51 (6). p. 1526-1530. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 56.9 S03) . 0431 Influence of soil on fruit production. NEMFA. Veneman, P.L.M. North Amherst, Mass. The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. V. 93. p. 56-60. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 81 M384) 0432 Renovation of a pear orchard site with sludge compost CS0SA2. Korcak, R.F. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker . Communications in soil science and plant analysis. Nov 1986. v. 17 (11). p. 1159-1168. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S590.C63). 0433 Response of 'Delicious' apple trees in the greenhouse to rates and forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in a low-phosphorus soil. HJHSA. Raese, J.T. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1985. V. 20 (2). p. 234-236. Includes 22 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 61 . : . . PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 0434 less effective than DZ in altering fruit behavior, while root pruning later than full Annual deblossoming increases fire blight bloom had virtually no effect. Trunk scoring or susceptibility of 'Golden Del icious VM.9 apple ringing increased SSC and retarded loss of trees flesh firmness before harvest and following FVRJA. Schupp, J.R. Ferree, D.C. University storage, but had little effect on starch Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit hydrolysis. Scoring or ringing decreased varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. incidence of some disorders and reduced 40-44. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. post-storage ethylene evolution, although these DNAL 80 F9464). treatments had little effect on ethylene production at harvest. Trunk scoring influenced some fruit characteristics more strongly than DZ. Fruit size was not affected by any 0435 treatment 1n any year. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Mar 1991. v. Assembly line plants take root. 116 (2). p. 195-200. Includes references. (NAL AGREA. Comis, D. Wood, M. Washington, D.C. : Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 SG12) The Administration. Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Apr 1986. v. 34 (4). p. 6-11. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84). 0439 Desiccation tolerance in bare-rooted apple trees prior to transplanting. 0436 Chen, T.H.H. Murakami, P.; Lombard, P.; Fuchigami, L.H. Washington, D.C. Cold hardening of in vitro apple and saskatoon Horticultural Research Institute. Journal of shoot cultures. environmental horticulture. Mar 1991. v. 9 (1). HJHSA. Caswell, K.L. Tyler, N.J.; Stushnoff, C. p. 13-17. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Alexandria, Va. : American Society for DNAL SB1 . J66) Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1986. V. 21 (5). p. 1207-1209. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 0440 Development of oxygen concentration gradients 0437 in flesh tissues of bulky plant organs. JOSHB. Rajapakse, N.C. Banks, N.H.; Hewett, Cytokinins in apple leaves and their E.W.; Cleland, D.J. Alexandria, Va. : The relationship to spotted tent i form leaf miner Society. Steady-state oxygen diffusion in flesh injury. of apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Braeburn HJHSA. Shantz, G.M. Proctor, J.T.A.; Chiba, M. and Cox's Orange Pippin), Asian pears (Pyrus Alexandria, Va. : American Society for serotina Rehder . cvs. Hosui and Kosui), and Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1988. nectarines Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cvs. V. 23 (5). p. 878-879. Includes references. Red Gold and Sunglo was studied using a (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). nondestructive method at 20C . Fruit flesh was found to exert a significant resistance to 02 diffusion resulting in measurable 02 gradients between tissues immediately beneath the skin 0438 and those at the fruit center for all these fruits. The magnitude of these 02 gradients Daminozide, root pruning, trunk scoring, and varied between crops and cultivars and depended trunk ringing effects on fruit ripening and on the respiration rate and on effective 02 storage behavior of 'Mcintosh' apple. diffusivity in fruit flesh (Dc). Values of Dc JGSHB. Elfving, D.C. Lougheed, E.C; Cline. varied with the cultivar and were broadly R.A. Alexandria, Va . The Society. A midsummer consistent with intercellular space volume. The foliar daminozide (DZ) application (750 mg range of Dc values obtained suggested that 02 a. i. /I iter) to 'Macspur McI ntosh ' /M . 7 apple diffusion in fruit flesh takes place in a trees (Malus domestica Borkh. ) reduced combination of series and parallel modes in the preharvest drop and retarded flesh firmness intercellular space and fluid/solid matrix of loss and starch hydrolysis when tested at the flesh. The results imply that 02 harvest; DZ also reduced fruit ethylene diffusivity in flesh tissues must be taken into production at harvest and after 19 weeks of consideration in the determination of critical storage at 0.5C. Root pruning at full bloom external 02 level in controlled/modified (May) resulted in increased soluble solids atmosphere (CA/MA) storage. Journal of the concentration (SSC) and firmer flesh and less American Society for Horticultural Science. starch hydrolysis at harvest, but not Sept 1990. V. 115 (5). p. 793-797. ill. consistently each year. Full-bloom root pruning Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 reduced the incidence of stem-cavity browning S012) . and brown core, but again not each year. Full-bloom root pruning did not influence ethylene evolution at harvest but did reduce post-storage ethylene evolution in two of three seasons. Full -bloom root pruning generally was 62 .. . : . . . . (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY) 0441 0444 Development of the amorphous layer (protective Effect of micronutrients, phosphorous and layer) in xylem parenchyma of cv. Golden chelator to iron ratio on growth, chlorosis and Delicious apple, cv. Loring peach, and willow. nutrition of apple seedlings. K. Wisniewski, M. Columbus, JPNUDS. Tong, Y.A. Fan, f R.F.; AJBOAA. Schaffer, . ; Korcak, Ohio : Botanical Society of America. American Chaney, R.L.; Faust, M. New York, N.Y. : Marcel journal of botany. Nov 1989. v. 76 (11). p. Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. 1986. v. 9 1569-1582. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call (1). p. 23-41. ill. Includes references. (NAL No. : DNAL 450 AM36) Call No.: DNAL 0K867.d67). 0442 0445 Distribution and survival of eggs of summerform Effect of paclobutrazol and analogs on growth, pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) affected by yield, fruit quality, and storage potential of leaf midvein. 'Delicious' apples. EVETEX. Norton, D.R. Lanham, Md. : JOSHB. Greene, D.W. Alexandria, Va. : The Entomological Society of America. Distribution Society. Journal of the American Society for of pear psylla eggs on pear seedlings and cues Horticultural Science. May 1986. v. 111 (3). p. affecting oviposition were monitored. Most eggs 328-332. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: were deposited on the youngest foliage; few DNAL 81 S012) eggs were placed on the oldest, leathery leaves. Highest densities occurred adjacent to the midvein or in leaf serrations. Densities were very low on the leaf blade away from the 0446 midvein. Oviposition was induced in areas normally avoided (e.g., leaf blade) by Effect of preharvest pear fruit maturity on providing strips of tape as artificial decay resistance. structures resembling midveins. Masking of PLDIDE. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American particularly prominent midveins with strips of Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. May tape resulted in reduction of oviposition in 1985. V. 69 (5). p. 388-390. Includes these normally preferred sites. These results references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P ) suggest that the midvein provided positive mechanical cues to ov i pos i t i oni ng females. Effects of egg location on survival and development of eggs was quantified. Survival 0447 rates of eggs were higher for eggs deposited along the midvein than those deposited on the Effect of rosy apple aphid and spirea aphid leaf blade. Survival decreased with increasing (Homoptera: Aphididae) on dry matter plant water stress. Development rates of eggs accumulation and carbohydrate concentration in were not affected by location or stress. young apple trees. Environmental entomology. June 1990. v. 19 (3). JEENAI. Varn, M. Pfeiffer, D.G. Lanham. Md. : p. 656-661. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Entomological Society of America. One-year-old DNAL QL461 . E532) apple trees grown in pots were artificially infested with either Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) or Aphis spiraecola Patch. Feeding by D. plantaginea on 22-53% of the leaves on 0443 the tree significantly reduced accumulation of dry weight in all portions of the trees during Effect of European red mite (Acari the first season's growth. At the 10-leaf stage Tetranychidae) injury on vegetative growth and of the second season, dry weights of trees flowering of four cultivars of apples. infested with D. plantaginea during the EVETEX. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md. : previous year were still significantly lower Entomological Society of America. Effect of than those of control trees. A spiraecola did European red mites (ERM), Panonychus ulmi not reduce the accumulation of dry weight by (Koch), on nonbearing spur-type and standard the young trees. Journal of economic 'Delicious', 'Golden Delicious', and 'Stayman' entomology. Apr 1989. v. 82 (2). p. 565-569. apple trees was compared over a 3-yr period. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Mite population levels ranged from ca. 0-2,000 J822) mite-d, with each tree receiving about the same amount of mite-days each year. Shoot length, leaf numbers, and trunk girth were little affected by mite damage, but early defoliation 0448 occurred on 'Golden Delicious' and standard 'Delicious'. Flowering was reduced on 'Golden Effect of seasonal soil waterlogging on Delicious' and 'Stayman', but not on either of vegetative growth and fruiting of apple trees. the 'Delicious' types. In general, 'Delicious' JOSHB. Olien, W.C. Alexandria, Va. : The appeared to be more tolerant of ERM damage. Society. Journal of the American Society for Environmental entomology. Apr 1987. v. 16 (2). Horticultural Science. Mar 1987. v. 112 (3). p. p. 569-574. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 209-214. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call DNAL QL461 . E532) No. : DNAL 81 S012) 63 . . . (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY) 0449 0455 Effects of autumn foliar application of Flowering of apple trees in the second year is 15N-urea on nitrogen storage and reuse in increased by first-year P fertilization. apple. HJHSA. Neilsen, G.H. Hogue, E.J.; Parchomchuk, JPNUDS. Han, Z. Zeng, X.; Wang, F. New York, P. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1990. nutrition. 1989. v. 12 (6). p. 675-685. V. 25 (10). p. 1247-1250. Includes references. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 0K867.d67) 0456 0450 Gas exchange characteristics of apple and peach Effects of fungicides that inhibit ergosterol leaves infested by European red mite and biosynthesis on apple powdery mildew control, twospotted spider mite. yield, and fruit growth factors. JOSHB. Mobley, K.N. Marini, R.P. Alexandria, PLDRA. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul, Va. : The Society. Greenhouse-grown 'Imperial Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and Plant disease. Apr 1986. v. 70 (4). p. 305-306. 'Redhaven' peach (Prunus persica Batsch.) trees Includes 16 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 were inoculated during the summer with three P69P) densities of European red mite (ERM) (Panonychus ulmi Koch) and twospotted spider mite (TSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch). As ERM- and TSM-days increased, net photosynthesis 0451 (Pn), transpiration (Tr), and total chlorophyll content (TCHL) of apple leaves decreased The effects of root pruning on apples. linearly. At similar densities, TSM was more CFRTA. Schupp, J.R. Ferree, D.C. East Lansing, damaging than ERM to apple leaf gas exchange. Mich. International Dwarf Fruit Tree Water-use efficiency (WUE) of apple declined Association. Compact fruit tree. Presented at similarly with increasing mite-days for both the 30th Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree mite species. Specific leaf weight (SLW) of Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. apple increased with TSM-days. Pn, Tr, TCHL, 1987. V. 20. p. 76-80. 111. Includes and WUE of peach declined linearly with references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 D96). Increasing ERM- and TSM-days, and the rates of decline were similar for both mite species. Mites did not affect peach SLW. These results indicate that greenhouse-grown peach is more 0452 tolerant than apple to mite feeding. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. An evaluation of stop drop materials in 1986. Sept 1990. V. 115 (5). p. 757-761. Includes NEMFA. Greene, D.W. Kaminsky, K.; Sincuk, J. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. v. 93. p. 74-78. 0457 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) Germination and appressorium formation by Venturia Inaequalis during infection of apple seedling leaves. 0453 PLDRA. Turner, M.L. MacHardy, W.E.; Gadoury, D.M. St. Paul, Minn. : American Field evaluations of frost injury to deciduous Phy topatho 1 og 1 ca 1 Society. Plant disease. July fruit trees as Influenced by ice 1986. V. 70 (7). p. 658-661. Includes 21 nucl eat ion-active Pseudomonas syrlngae. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). JOSHB. Proebsting, E.L. Jr. Gross, D.C. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. July 1988. V. 113 (4). p. 498-506. Includes 0458 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Growing conditions Influence mite damage on apple and peach leaves. HJHSA. Campbell, R.J. Mobley, K.N.; Marini, 0454 R.P. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1990 Field performance of Malus sargentil as a V. 25 (4). p. 445-448. Includes references. rootstock for four commercial apple varieties. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). FVRJA. Olien, W.C. Stiles, W.C.; McCrum, R.C. University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Oct 1986. v. 40 (4). p. 140-143. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 64 . . (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY) 0459 0462 Growth of apple seedlings on sludge -amended Honey bee ( Hymenoptera : Apidae) foraging during soils in the greenhouse. bloom in dimethoate- treated apple orchards. CS0SA2. Korcak. R.F. New York, N.Y. : Marcel JEENAI. Danka, R.G. Collison, C.H.; Hull, L.A. Dekker. Communications in soil science and College Park, Md. Entomological Society of plant analysis. Oct 1986. v. 17 (10). p. America. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1041-1054. Includes references. (NAL Call No. 1985. V. 78 (5). p. 1042-1047. Includes DNAL S590.C63). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0460 0463 Growth reduction In nonbearing apple trees by How spur quality influences fruit size. woolly apple aphids (Homoptera: Ajahididae) on PWHAA. Rom, C.R. Wenatchee, Wash. : The roots Association. Proceedings - Washington State JEENAI. Brown, M.W. Schmitt, J.J. Lanham, Md. Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. Entomological Society of America. The effect of 109-118. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call root-feeding populations of woolly apple No. : DNAL 81 W273) aphids, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), on newly planted, nonbearing apple trees in an orchard environment was studied. Roots of two-thirds of the 351 'Red Delicious' study trees were 0464 artificially infested with woolly apple aphids from a laboratory colony in 1986, 1 mo after Impact of woolly apple aphid (Homoptera: planting. The artificial infestation resulted Aphididae) on the growth of potted apple trees. in 95% of the trees being infested (including JEENAI. Weber, D.C. Brown, M.W. College Park, controls), but did not produce more severe root Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal infestations per tree than expected in natural of economic entomology. Aug 1988. v. 81 (4). p. infestations. The root infestation rating (mean 1170-1177. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: = 0.35 on a scale of 0-1. SEM = 0.18) DNAL 421 J822). determined from destructive sampling of one-third of the orchard after three growing seasons was not correlated with population density above ground throughout the 3 yr of the 0465 study. Root feeding marginally reduced branch growth in the first and third year after Improving the growth of newly planted apple infestation, crown length in the third year, trees. and trunk diameter in the first and second HJHSA. Autio, W.R. Greene, D.W.; Cooley, D.R.; years. Crown length was significantly reduced Schupp, J.R. Alexandria, Va. : American Society after 1 yr and trunk diameter was significantly for Horticultural Science. Increasing the N reduced after 3 yr because of woolly apple application rate (in the form NH4N03) to newly aphid feeding on roots. Scion biomass also was planted 'Marshall Mcl ntosh'/M. 9 apple (Malus significantly reduced by woolly apple aphid domestica, Borkh.) trees beyond 76 g N per tree root feeding after 3 yr. We conclude that per year reduced growth in the first two woolly apple aphid populations on roots have a growing seasons. Peat moss or composted manure slight, but significant, negative effect on mixed into the planting hole of 'Royal growth of young nonbearing apple trees in the Gala'/M.26 increased growth in the first orchard environment. We also conclude that, growing season after planting. The soil -active because of the lack of correlation between fungicides, fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl, increased woolly apple aphid populations aboveground and trunk and shoot growth of 'Royal Gala'/M.26 in on roots, sampling branch terminals and pruning the first season after planting. Mulching scars yields no information on the density of enhanced growth of 'Gala'/M.26 only in the woolly apple aphids on roots. Journal of third season after planting, a season during economic entomology. Aug 1990. v. 83 (4). p. which the region experienced a drought. 1526-1530. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Mulching significantly increased bloom on DNAL 421 J822). 'Gala'/M.26 2 years after planting. The growth of 'Royal Gala'/M.26, 'Marshall Mcl ntosh'/M. 26, and 'Ace Del icious'/M. 26 was not affected by planting technique: planting by hand in 61-cm 0461 augered holes vs. planting with a mechanical tree planter. Chemical names used: ) Harvesting, storing, and handling processing N-(2,6-di methyl -phenyl -N- ( methl oxyacety 1 ) apples. alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl); aluminum tris Massey, L.M. Jr. New York : Van Nostrand (0-ethyl phosphonate) (fosetyl-Al); 1 ' 1 -4-4 ' Reinhold, c1989. Processed apple products / 1 , -di methy -b i pyr i di n i um ion (paraquat); edited by Donald L. Downing, p. 31-51. ill. i sopropy 1 am i ne salt of N- ( phosphonomethy 1 ) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL glycine ( gl yphosate ) . HortScience. July 1991. TP441 . A6P76) . V. 26 (7). p. 840-843. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 65 1 c . . . (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY) 0466 0469 The influence of calcium on senescence changes Internal control of pear flowering and fruit and physiological disorders in apples. development NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. PWHAA. Lombard, P.B. Wenatchee, Wash. : The The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Association. Proceedings - Washington State Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. 149-160. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call V. 93. p. 80-85. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) . No. : DNAL 81 W273) 0467 0470 Influence of orchard management systems on spur The 'Jonathan' apple and its progeny. quality, light, and fruit within the canopy of FVRJA. Rom, R.C. University Park, Pa. : 'Golden Delicious' apple trees. American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties JOSHB. Ferree, D.C. Alexandria, Va. : The journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. 34-39. Society. Trees of Golden Delicious' apple Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 (Malus domestica Borkh.) were established in F9464) . 1973 in the following orchard management systems: slender spindle (SS), trellis (TR). interstem hedgerow (IH), and pyramid hedgerow (PH). Spur quality and percent photosynthet 1 0471 photon flux (PPF) transmission declined from the top to the bottom of the canopy of al Low oxygen delays budbreak of apple trees in systems. The three conical central leader type greenhouse and prolongs storage life. trees (SS, IH, PH) produced a quarter of their HJHSA. Young, E. Blankenship, S.M. Alexandria, fruit on or close to the central leader, while Va. American Society for Horticultural the pal mette-shaped TR produced 60% in the Science. Three percent oxygen significantly center sections along the wire trellis. There delayed and reduced budbreak of fully chilled was no difference between vertical fruit apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in a distribution in trees in the more intensive greenhouse. When ambient oxygen levels were systems (SS, TR). but the larger trees (IH, PH) restored, budbreak occurred normally. Apple produced twice as much fruit in the top half of trees stored under 3% +/- 1% oxygen at 6C for the canopy as in the bottom half. Trees in the 35 weeks had no detectable bud development in SS had a lower percentage or PPF transmission storage. Budbreak and subsequent shoot growth values within the canopy than trees in the TR were normal after the trees had been removed systems. Trees in IH generally had higher PPF from storage. HortScience. July 1991. v. 26 transmission values within the canopy than the (7). p. 890-891. Includes references. (NAL Call larger PH trees. The number of leaves per spur No. : DNAL SB1 .H6) and specific leaf weight of spur leaves generally followed the light distribution pattern, and trees in the TR and IH systems "-'i higher-quality spurs than the SS and PH 0472 systems. The SS and TR systems appeared mor responsive to the orientation of thp un, 'Mc h' apples do not benefit from having higher light transmission va i t.-=s on low /lene control led-atmosphere storage. east side of the canopy in the morning and HJHSA. Lau, O.L. Alexandria, Va . : American side in the afternoon, than the IH or PH Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. systems. Journal of the American Society for Oct 1989. V. 24 (5). p. 801-803. Includes Horticultural Science. Nov 1989. v. 114 (6). p. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 869-875. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 0473 0468 The mechanism of regulation of 'Bartlett' pear fruit and vegetative growth by irrigation The influence of soil density on dwarfing withholding and regulated deficit irrigation. rootstocks and scion performance. JOSHB. Chalmers, D.J. Surge, G. ; Jerie, P.H.; ARHMA. Fernandez, R.T. Perry, R.L. East Mitchell, P.O. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. - Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report Journal of the American Society for Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1990. Horticultural Science. Nov 1986. v. 111 (6). p. (120th). p. 191-192. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 904-907. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: M58) . DNAL 81 S0 12). 66 . . (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY) 0474 follows: T1 = EO/VE = (10(0.228 SSC))/VE. Journal of the American Society for My experiences with the Washington Apple Horticultural Science. Mar 1991. v. 116 (2). p. Maturity Program. 253-260. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: ARHMA. Rasch, M. East Lansing, Mich. : The DNAL 81 S012). Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 80-85. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M5a) 0478 The prickly pears (Opunlta spp.): plants with economic potential. 0475 Russell, C.E. Felker, P. Fort Collins, Colo. : The Station. General technical report RM - A new plant growth regulator of microbial Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment origin. Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest CHNCA8. Voblikova. V.D. Kobrina, N.S.; Service. Paper presented at a "Symposium on Gerasimova, N.M.; Pavlova, Z.N.; Dem'yanova, Management and Utilization of Arid Land G.F.; Murygina, V.P.; Volosova. L.I.; Plants," February 18-22, 1985, Saltillo, Muromtsev, G.S. New York, N.Y. : Consultants Mexico. Sept 1986. (135). p. 41. Includes Bureau. Chemistry of natural compounds. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSD11.A42). Translated from: Khimiia prirodnykh soedinenil, p. 387-391. (0D241.K45). May/June 1985. v. 21 (3). p. 362-365. Includes 7 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QD241.K453). 0479 Principles of gas exchange In bulky plant tissues. 0476 HJHSA. Solomos, T. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Physiological effects of waxing on apples. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Factors NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. that Influence Commodity Response to Controlled The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Atmosphere Storage of the XXII International Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Horticultural Congress/83rd ASHS Annual Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. Meeting," August 14, 1986, Davis, California. V. 92. p. 111-113. Includes 6 references. (NAL Oct 1987. V. 22 (5). p. 766-771. Includes Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 M384) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 0477 0480 Physiology and prediction of fruit tolerance to Reduction In transpiration and return bloom In 1ow-oxygen atmospheres. apple by two sterol - Inhlbi ting fungicides. JOSHB. Ke, D. Rodriguez-Sinobas, L.; Kader, HJHSA. Biggs, A.R. Alexandria, Va . : American A. A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Fruits of Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. 'Granny Smith' and 'Yellow Newtown' apples Nov 1990. v. 25 (11). p. 1403-1405. Includes (Malus domestica Borkh), '20th Century' pear references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). (Pyrus serotina L.), and 'Angeleno' plum (Prunus domestica L.) were kept in air and in 0.25% or 0.02% 02, at O, 5, or 10C for 3, 7, 14, 25, or 35 days to study the effects of 0481 low-02, atmospheres on their postharvest physiology and quality attributes. Soluble Relationship between densities of pear psylla solids content (SSC), pH, and external and twospotted spider mite and pear leaf appearance were not significantly influenced, nutrient levels. but resistance to C02, diffusion was increased HJHSA. Sugar, D. Righetti, T.L.; Westigard, by the low-02 treatments. Exposures to the P.H. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for low-02 atmospheres inhibited ripening, Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1989. including reduction in ethylene production V. 24 (2). p. 242-245. Includes references. rate, retardation of skin color changes and (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). flesh softening, and maintenance of titratable acidity. The most important detrimental effect of the low-02, treatments was development of an alcoholic off-flavor that had a logarithmic 0482 relation with ethanol content of the fruits. The ethanol content causing slight off-flavor Relationships between leaf: fruit ratio and (EO) increased with SSC of the commodity at the varying levels of European red mite stress on ripe stage, and it could be estimated using the fruit size and return bloom of apple. following formula: (Log EO)/SSC = 0.228. Using JOSHB. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A.; Grimm, J.W. SSC of ripe fruits and average ethanol Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the accumulation rate per day (VE) from each low-02 American Society for Horticultural Science. treatment, the tolerance limit (T1) of fruits July 1987. V. 112 (4). p. 608-612. Includes to low-02, atmospheres could be predicted as references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 67 . . (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY) 0483 0487 Response of micropropagated apple trees to Seasonal variation in leaf zinc concentration field establishment procedures. of apples receiving dormant zinc. HJHSA. Zimmerman, R.H. Alexandria, Va. HJHSA. Neilsen, G.H. Alexandria, Va. : American American Society for Horticultural Science. Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Growth, flowering, and fruiting of Feb 1988. v. 23 (1). p. 130-132. Includes micropropagated 'Jonathan' apple trees (Malus references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) domestica Borkh.) transferred in Spring 1983 to the field from either a nursery, cold storage, or greenhouse were compared. First-year shoot and trunk growth was greatest for trees 0488 transplanted from the nursery and least for trees that were held in the greenhouse before Suppression of apple bloom by fungicides that being transferred to the field. Trees pruned inhibit sterol synthesis. low (35 cm) at planting time had more terminal PLDRA. Latham, A.J. Dozier, W.A. Jr.; Knowles, shoot growth and less trunk cross-sectional J.W.; Hoi 1 ingsworth, M.H. St. Paul. Minn. : area after the first growing season than those American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant pruned high (90 cm). The effect of preplanting disease. Sept 1985. v. 69 (9). p. 776-778. cultural practices on vegetative growth Includes 6 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 diminished in the 2nd year and disappeared by P69P) the end of the 3rd year in the orchard. Flowering began in 1985 and was only slightly affected by preplanting cultural practices and pruning treatments. Fruiting was not affected 0489 by the treatments. HortScience. Nov 1991. v. 26 (11). p. 1364-1365. Includes references. (NAL A tentative model to describe the respiration Cal 1 No. : DNAL SB1 .H6) . of stored apples. JOSHB. Andrich, G. Fiorentini, R.; Tuci , A.; Zinnai, A.; Sommovigo, G. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Using mathematical equations that 0484 describe the 02 mass-transfer and the enzymatic oxidation of the organic substrates of apples Ripening and storability of 'Marshall Mcintosh' (Malus domestica Borkh.), we developed a apples. kinetic model to correlate fruit respiration FVRJA. Autio. W.R. Bramlage, W.d.; Lord, W.J. rate with environmental oxygen partial pressure University Park, Pa. : American Pomological (P02). The kinetic determinations were carried Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1990. v. out at room temperature using apples stored at 44 (1). p. 36-40. ill. Includes references. 3 to 4C for 11 to 19 weeks. Results show that: (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 1) the calculated value of the M i chael i s-Menten constant related to the enzymatic oxidation of the respiratory substrate (Km = 2.1 +/- 0.5.10-5 mol.kg-1) is close to that reported in 0485 the literature for cytochrome-c oxidase; 2) the located range of P02 levels where 02 becomes Root hypoxia and storage breakdown of the limiting factor in the respiration process 'Jonathan' apples. (near 2.6 kPa at T = 20.5 +/- 1C) is close to JOSHB. Gur, A. Me i r , S. Alexandria, Va. : The those usually used on a commercial scale for Society. Journal of the American Society for controlled atmosphere storage. Journal of the Horticultural Science. Sept 1987. v. 112 (5). American Society for Horticultural Science. May p. 777-783. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1991. V. 116 (3). p. 478-481. Includes DNAL 81 S012). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 0486 0490 Rootstock affects ripening, size, mineral Timing of mite injury affects the bloom and composition, and storability of 'Starkspur fruit development of apple. Supreme Delicious' in the 1980-81 NC-140 JEENAI. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md. cooperative planting. Entomological Society of America. The time when FVRJA. Autio, W.R. Barden, J. A.; Brown, G.R. injury by the European red mite, Panonychus University Park, Pa. : American Pomological ulmi (Koch), occurs on an apple tree was Society. Fruit varieties journal. Oct 1991. v. studied to determine if yield components and 45 (4). p. 247-251. Includes references. (NAL vegetative growth were affected. Apple trees Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). were subjected to about 1,000 cumulative mite days at three different times: early season (early May to mid-June), midseason (mid-June to 1 August), and late season (1 August to mid-October). Midseason injury resulted in the greatest reduction in mean fruit weight at harvest as well as return bloom and fruit load the following season. Late-season injury resulted in a reduction of return bloom. 68 . . . . (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY) Early-season injury did not result in 0494 significant differences from the control for any of the response variables measured. On Use of Osmia lignaria propinqua (Hymenoptera: defruited trees, return bloom, percentage of Megachi 1 idae) as a mobile pollinator of orchard set, and fruit load were not affected by crops early-season mite injury of the previous year. EVETEX. Torchio, P.F. Lanham, Md. : Percentage of set was not related to Entomological Society of America. The early-season injury occurring the same year. development of intensive agricultural practices Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 in areas that include cross-pollinated crops (2). p. 547-551. Includes references. (NAL Call requires the introduction of large numbers of No. : DNAL 421 J822) . pollinating insects only during short flowering periods. The pollination efficacy of one pollinator, Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, would be greatly improved if nesting 0491 populations could be successfully transported from crop to crop. Results of a 5-yr study that Toxicity of fungicides and an acaride to honey was focused on this subject are summarized as bees ( Hymenoptera : Apidae) and their effects on follows. Two studies involved moving individual bee foraging behavior and pollen viability on nest blocks various distances within orchards, blooming apples and pears. two additional experiments tested the EVETEX. Mayer, D.F. Lunden, d.D. College Park. possibility of moving bees nesting in small Md. Entomological Society of America. nest shelters greater distances during active Environmental entomology. Oct 1986. v. 15 (5). nesting periods, and one study tested transport p. 1047-1049. Includes references. (NAL Call of bees nesting in large nest shelters No. : DNAL 0L461 . E532) constructed on flat-bed trailers. All of the transported bees in the first four experiments abandoned established nests immediately after they were moved, and none of these bees 0492 reestablished nesting within the confines of experimental plots. Conversely, > 85% of Transitory growth control of apple seedlings females nesting in trailer-shelters continued with less persistent triazole derivatives. to nest uninterruptedly after these large nest JPGRDI. Curry, E.A. Reed, A.N. New York, N.Y. shelters were moved. Two additional Osmia Springer. Journal of plant growth regulation. species were also successfully transported when 1989. V. 8 (3). p. 167-174. Includes these large trailer-shelters were moved. A references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QK745.J6). short discussion of nest orientation requirements expressed by Osmia is included. Environmental entomology. Apr 1991. v. 20 (2). p. 590-596. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0493 DNAL 0L461 . E532) Tree nitrogen status and leaf canopy position influence postharvest nitrogen accumulation and efflux from pear leaves. 0495 J0SH8. Sanchez, E.E. Righetti, T.L. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. 'Cornice' pear trees (Pyrus Variation in host fruit volatiles attractive to communis L.) were fertilized with ammonium apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. nitrate depleted in 15N in Spring 1987 and JCECD. Carle, S.A. Averill. A.L.; Rule. G.S.; 1988. In Aug., Oct., and Nov. 1988, midleaves Reissig, W.H.; Roelofs, W.L. New York, N.Y. : on current season shoots were sampled at three Plenum Press. Journal of chemical ecology. Apr positions from the periphery to the center of 1987. V. 13 (4). p. 795-805. Includes the canopy. Total N/cm2 of leaf area remained references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QD415.A1J6). almost constant through October, even though percent N concentration declined as specific ' leaf weight (SLW) increased. Furthermore, there was no substantial net change in either labeled 0496 or unlabeled N in either treatment until senescence began in October. Peripheral leaves Where's the bloom- -overcoming biennial bearing contained higher levels of both reserve and in apple trees. newly acquired N than did less-exposed leaves. PWHAA. Tvergyak, P. Agnew, K.; Williams, M. Despite large differences in N/cm2 for October Wenatchee. Wash. : The Association. Proceedings samples, by November leaves from both high (HN) - Washington State Horticultural Association. and low N (LN) trees exported similar 1986. (82nd). p. 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, percentages of their total N. The average N 76, 7"8, 80. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: export to storage tissues irrespective of tree DNAL 81 W273) N status was 71%, 61%, and 52% for peripheral, medium, and interior leaves, respectively. The export of N was influenced more by the leaf position in the plant canopy than the nutritional status of the tree. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1990. V. 115 (6). p. 934-937. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 69 . . . PLANT TAXONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY 0497 Genetics and linkage analysis of 19 isozyme loci in apple. JOSHB. Weeden, N.F. Lamb, R.C. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1987. v. 112 (5). p. 865-872. ill. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . 0498 Mayhaws: trees of pomological and ornamental 1 nterest HJHSA. Payne, J. A. Krewer, G.W.; Fitenmiller, R.R. Alexandria, Va. American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Mar 1990. V. 25 (3). p. 246, 375. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) 0499 Penici Ilium soli turn revived, and Its role as a pathogen of pomaceous fruit. PHYTA. Pitt, d.I. Spotts, R.A.; Holmes, R.J.; Cruickshank, R.H. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Penici Ilium solitum, a species neglected in recent taxonomies, is revived. A new description and related taxonomic information are given, based on examination of a number of fresh isolates from pome fruit and wooden fruit bin surfaces in Australia and from processed meats in Germany. Isolates of P. solitum were less virulent on apple and pear fruits than those of P. expansum, the dominant pathogenic Penici Ilium on pome fruits. P. solitum and P. expansum showed similar temperature growth curves, but growth of P. solitum was slower. All Isolates of P. solitum from fruit and fruit storage bins in this study were insensitive to benomyl , but isolates from meat and cheese were sensitive to benomyl. Phytopathology. Oct 1991. v. 81 (10). p. 1108-1112. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 70 ...... , PROTECTION OF PLANTS 0500 0506 Agricultural chemicals for North Carolina Apple spray schedule for New Jersey home apples. orchards Walgenbach, J.F. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service. Race, S.R. Springer, J.K. New Brunswick, N.J. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension The Service. FS - Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University. Jan Service, Cook College. May 1985. (112). 2 p. 1989. (37, rev.). 38 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N5F7 ) S544.3.N6N62) 0507 0501 Arthropods in a scab, Venturia inaequalis Agricultural chemicals for North Carolina (Cke. ) Wint., ( Ascomycetes : Mycosphaere! lacea) apples. and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), Walgenbach, J.F. (ed.). Raleigh, N.C. : The (Acari: Tetranychidae) , resistant apple orchard Service. AG - North Carolina Agricultural in Indiana. - . Extension Service, North Carolina State FVRJA. Goonewardene, H.F. Bogyo, T.P. University. Jan 1988. (37, rev.). 52 p. (NAL University Park, -Pa. American Pomological Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N6N62 ) Society. Fruit varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. 52-65. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 0502 Apple and cherry pest control 0508 Mahr, D.L. Jeffers, S.N.; Binning, L.K.; Stang, E.J. Madison, Wis. : The Research Division. Assessment of pesticide residues in surface and Publication - Cooperative Extension Programs. soil water from a commerical apple orchard. University of Wisconsin - Extension. 1986. AAREEZ. Weaver, J.E. Hogmire, H.W.; Brooks, (A3314). 24 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL J.L.; Sencindiver, J.C. New York, N.Y. S544.3.W6W53) Springer. Soil water in the vadose zone and surface runoff water in a commercial apple orchard in an upland area of West Virginia were assessed for residues of pesticides normally 0503 applied for control of diseases, arthropod pests, and vole control. Water in the vadose Apple and cherry pest control in zone was sampled at depths of 6, 12, 24, and 36 Wisconsin--1988. in. (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m) with suction Mahr, D.L. Jeffers, S.N.; Binning, L.K.; Stang, lysimeters from early spring to midfall for two - E.J. Madison, Wis. : The Service. Publication consecutive years. Endrin was the only University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension pesticide detected; it had been applied to the Service. 1988. (A3314). 30 p. (NAL Call No.: study site five times during the period of 1974 DNAL S544.3.W6W53) to 1981. None of the 17 pesticides applied under an Integrated Orchard Management program during this study were detected in water samples. Concentrations of endrin in soil water 0504 ranged from 0.1 to 13.2 ppb ( m i crogram/L ) About 20% of all soil water samples within the Apple production in Arkansas. orchard tested positive (greater than or equal for this pesticide. Endrin was Patterson, W.K. McDaniel , M.C.; Jones, B.F. to 0.1 ppb) - Little Rock, Ark. : The Service. EC detected at all depths; however, the frequency University of Arkansas, Cooperative Extension of positive samples and levels of residues Service. Nov 1988. (542, rev.). 73 p. (NAL Call tended to decrease with depth of sampling. Only No. : DNAL 275.29 AR4) 4.3% of soil water samples collected offsite (105 ft downslope from the orchard) contained endrin; concentrations were less than 0.1 and 0.5 ppb in two samples from the 6-in depth. 0505 Endrin concentrations in soil from within the orchard were highly variable among the sites Apple spray schedule for New Jersey home sampled. Mean concentrations (+/- SD) at orchards surface (0-1 in.), 6, 12, 24, and 36 in. were Race, S.R. Springer, J.K. New Brunswick, N.J. 12.100 (+/- 11,200), 900 (+/- 800), 1.700 (+/- The Service. FS - Cooperative Extension 1,800), 200 (+/- 300), and less than 10 (+/- Service, Cook College. 1985. (112). 2 p. (NAL 10) ppb ( m i crogram/kg ) , respectively. Off-site Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N5F7 ) (one sample), endrin was detected only at the surface and 6-in, depth at 750 and 46 ppb, respectively. Applied agricultural research. Winter 1990. v. 5 (1). p. 37-43. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S539.5.A77) 71 . . . 1 (PROTECTION OF PLANTS) 0509 0515 Challenges in organic fruit production. Disease and insect spray schedule for home ARHMA. Van Diepen, J. East Lansing, Mich. The orchards: apples, pears. Eastern Washington. Society. Annual report - Michigan State WUEXA. Maloy, O.C. Retan, A.H. Pullman, Wash. Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. 51-54 The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Oct 1985. (836, rev.). 4 p. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 275.29 W27P) 0510 Conunercial apple insect and disease control -- 0516 1990. Taylor, Broembsen, S. von. Coppock , S.; G. Disease and insect spray schedule for orchard: Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. OSU current apples, pears, crab apples- -western Washington. - report Oklahoma State University, Cooperative WUEXA. Byther, R.S. Antonel 1 i , A.L. Pullman, - Extension Service. Mar 1990. (6241, rev.). 5 p. Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin (NAL Call No.: DNAL S451.0508). Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Mar 1986. (846, rev). 4 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). 0511 Commercial apple insect and disease control, 0517 1989. Coppock, S. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. Effect of canopy density on pesticide OSU current report - Oklahoma State University, deposition and distribution in apple trees. Cooperative Extension Service. Apr 1989. PLDRA. Travis, J.W. Skroch, W.A.; Sutton, T.B. (6241, rev.). 5 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL St. Paul, Minn. : American Phy topatho 1 og i ca S451 .0508) Society. Plant disease. July 1987. v. 71 (7). p. 613-615. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . 0512 Crabapples--a selection guide. 0518 MUCBA. Peterson, C. Heatley, R. East Lansing, - Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E Effects of travel speed, application volume, Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State and nozzle arrangement on deposition and University. Apr 1989. (2177). 8 p. ill. (NAL distribution of pesticides in apple trees. Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B). PLDRA. Travis, J.W. Skroch, W.A.; Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. July 1987. v. 71 (7). p. 606-612. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call 0513 No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . Development, implementation, and adoption of expert systems in plant pathology. APPYA. Travis, J.W. Latin, R.X. Palo Alto, 0519 Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc. Annual review of phytopathology. Literature review. 1991. v. 29. Electronic sensing of plant canopy volume. p. 343-360. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Giles, D.K. Delwiche, M.J.; Dodd, R.B. St. DNAL 464.8 AN72). Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the 1986 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural 0514 Engineers. Available for purchase from; The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Disease and insect spray schedule for home Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, orchards: apples, pears, crab apples --western Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at Washington. (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. WUEXA. Byther, R.S. Antonelli, A.L. Pullman, 1986. (fiche no. 86-1087). 35 p. ill. Includes - Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service. July 1989. (0846, rev.). 4 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). 72 . ; . . . (PROTECTION OF PLANTS) 0520 0526 Future challenges to apple pest management. Orchard crop loss assessments: A precondition NEMFA. Prokopy, R.J. North Amherst, Mass. : The for improved crop protection decisions. Association. New England fruit meetings ... OARCB. Hall, F.R. Wooster, Ohio : The Center. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Research circular - Ohio Agricultural Research Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. and Development Center. July 1990. (297). p. Meeting held January 31-February 1, 1990. 1990. 50-59. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL V. 96. p. 44-49. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). 100 0H3R) 0521 0527 Growing pears in North Carolina. Pear spray schedule for New Jersey home Williams, K.M. Werner, D.J. Raleigh, N.C. : The orchards Service. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Race, S.R. Springer, J.K. New Brunswick, N.J. Extension Service, North Carolina State The Service. FS - Cooperative Extension University. June 1987. (80, rev.). 13 p. ill. Service, Cook College. Apr 1986. (114). 2 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N5F7 ) S544.3.N6N62) 0528 0522 Relationship between pest control and method of IMP in New York apple orchards--deve1opment, chemical application. demonstration, and adoption. ARHMA. Van Ee, G.R. East Lansing, Mich. : The NYFSB. Tette, J. P. Kovach, J.; Schwarz, M. Society. Annual report - Michigan State Bruno, D. Geneva, N.Y. : New York (State), Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. 162. Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. New (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). York's food and life sciences bulletin. 1987. (119). 6 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S95.E22). 0529 A spray system for multiple tier T-trellis 0523 apple orchards. AAREEZ. Diener, R.G. Hogmire, H.W.; Elliot. Impacts of the University of Connecticut K.C.; Nesselroad, P.E.; Blizzard, S.H. New integrated pest management program for apples York, N.Y. : Springer. A sprayer module was 1984-1987 /prepared by: Roger G. Adams, developed for T-trellis apples and mounted on Lorraine M. Los. an existing WVU mechanical harvester mainframe Adams, Roger G. Los, Lorraine M. Connecticut in place of the harvesting module. The sprayer : Cooperative Extension System, University of module consisted of a Durand-Way 1 and model 100 Connecticut, College of Agriculture and Natural LTS sprayer and two horizontal booms with four Resources, 1990? . Cover title.- "90-22.". 24 D2-13 hollow cone nozzles per boom which p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL delivered spray from above and below the tree SB608.A6A33 1990). canopy. The lift capability of the harvester mainframe could elevate operator and sprayer together to spray any level of multiple tiered T-trellis systems. The hydrostatic drive, front 0524 wheel pivot steering, all terrain tires and solenoid valve controls provided excellent IPM scouting manual for apple producers. maneuverability, traction and ease of sprayer ARHMA. Nugent, J.E. East Lansing, Mich. : The operation. The trellis sprayer provided control Society. Annual report - Michigan State of insects and diseases comparable to an Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 208. airblast sprayer in the outer canopy but was (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). found to be superior in the center tree canopy region. The trellis sprayer is more economical to operate because it requires less horsepower since a fan is not needed for spray delivery. 0525 By taking advantage of the harvester mainframe to perform both spraying and harvesting Minimize problems with practical approaches. operations, equipment costs would also be WEFGA. Cowie, V. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister reduced. Applied agricultural research. Winter Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Feb 1986. v. 106 1989. V. 4 (1). p. 62-67. ill. Includes (2). p. 49-51. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S539.5.A77). 73 . . (PROTECTION OF PLANTS) 0530 Tree- row volume. MUCBA. Howltt. A.J. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University. In series analytic: 1989 fruit spraying calendar / edited by A.L. Jones, A.J. Howitt, and J. Hull.- Includes statistical data. Nov 1988. (154). p. 14-18. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B) 0531 Tree- row- volume spraying rate calculator for apples. HJHSA. Byers, R.E. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. June 1987. v. 22 (3). p. 506-507. 111. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 0532 / 1986 New England apple spray guide. CUCEB. Berkett, L.P. (ed.). Kollas, D.A. (ed.). - Storrs, Conn. : The Service. Bulletin Cooperative Extension Service, University of Connecticut. 1986. (86-16). 42 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 C76B). 0533 1991 Pest and orchard management guide for North Carolina apples. Walgenbach, J.F. Sutton, T.B.; Skroch, W.A.; Unrath, C.R.; Parker, M.L.; Sullivan, W.T.; - Rock, G.C. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service. AG North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State University. Jan 1991. (37). 32 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N6N62 ) 74 . . . . PESTS OF PLANTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 0534 0540 Bird damage to apples in the mid-Hudson Valley Dynamics of pine vole populations in two of New York. Pennsylvania orchards. HJHSA. Tobin, M.E. Dolbeer, R.A.; Woronecki, AMNAA. Anthony, R.G. Simpson, D.A.; Kelly, G.M. P.P. Alexandria, Va. American Society for Notre Dame, Ind. : University of Notre Dame. Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1989. American midland naturalist. July 1986. v. 116 V. 24 (5). p. 859. Includes references. (NAL (1). p. 108-117. Includes references. (NAL Call Cal 1 No. : DNAL SB1 .H6) No. : DNAL 410 M58) 0535 0541 Characteristics of deer damage to experimental Efficacy of diphacinone for control of orchard orchards in Ohio. voles. Mower, K.M. Townsend, T.W.; Tyznik, W.J. Fort HJHSA. Byers, R.E. Carbaugh, D.H. Alexandria, Collins, Colo. : The Station. General technical Va. : American Society for Horticultural report RM - Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Science. HortScience. Feb 1987. v. 22 (1). p. Experiment Station, U.S. Department of 46-48. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Agriculture, Forest Service. Paper presented at SB1 .H6) the "Workshop on Wildlife Damage Control," Apr 17-20, 1989, Fort Collins, Colorado. July 1989. (171). p. 104. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSD11.A42). 0542 Evaluating production losses from mule deer 0536 depredation in apple orchards. WLSBA. Austin, D.D. Urness, P.J. Bethesda. Md. Coming of age. : The Society. Wildlife Society bulletin. Raleigh, N.C. ; North Carolina Agricultural Summer 1989. v. 17 (2). p. 161-165. Includes Research Service. Research perspectives. Fall references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SK357.A1W5). 1985. V. 4 (3). p. 8-9. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S97.R4). 0543 0537 Indiana commercial tree fruit spray schedules 1986 / prepared by David L. Matthew . . . et Control mice damage to orchards and al . . plantations. Matthew, David L. West Lafayette, IN : Forbes, J.E. Canton, N.Y. : Agricultural Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue Division, St. Lawrence County Cooperative University, 1986? . Abstract: This guide for Extension Association. St. Lawrence County commercial tree fruit growers includes 1986 cooperative extension news. Nov 1988. v. 72 Indiana tree fruit spray schedules and (11). p. 6. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544.3.N7S3) pesticide recommendations for apple, peach, cherry, pear and plum crops. It provides information on mite, mouse and weed control, growth regulators, chemical thinning, pesticide 0538 handling, safety, and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). 37 p. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: Controlling deer damage in New England DNAL 275.29 In2Id no. 168). orchards NEMFA. Lord, W.G. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - 0544 Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Meeting held January 31-February 1, 1990. 1990. Influence of orchard floor management on vole V. 96. p. 130-132. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 and pocket gopher populations and damage in M384) . apple orchards. JOSHB. Sullivan, T.P. Hogue, E.J. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1987. \ 0539 112 (6) . p. 972-977. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 81 S012) . Cultural practices affecting mountane voles in Washington apple orchards. PWHAA. Godfrey, M. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. 133-140. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 75 . ) . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 0545 0550 Integrated management of apple pests In North Soap as a deer repel lent--negative results from Carol ina. Minnesota. Ri':chie, D.F. Sorenson, K.A.; San Julian, G.O.; NQNGA. Rutter, M. Hamden, Conn. : The Skroch, W.A.; Sutton, T.B.; Rock, G.C. Raleigh, Association. Annual report of the Northern Nut - N.C. : The Service. AG North Carolina Growers Association. 1988. (79th). p. 92-96. Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 94.69 State University. Mar 1987. (378). 13 p. N81 ) . Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544.3.N6N62) . 0551 0546 A two year study of the physical and economic impact of voles (Microtus montanus) on mixed Issues in the development and marketing of maturity apple (Malus spp. ) orchards in the reduced chemical agricultural products a look Pacific Northwestern United States. at disease-resistant apple cultivars /Cecile PVPCB. Askham, L.R. Davis, Calif. : University Murphy and Lois Schertz Willett. of California. Proceedings ... Vertebrate Pest Murphy, Cecile. Willett, Lois Schertz. Ithaca, Conference. 1988. (13th). p. 151-155. Includes N.Y. : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB950.A1V4). York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1991 . Cover title.- "December 1991.". 42 p. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-42). 0552 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 281.9 C81Ae no. 91-34). Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores. III. Montane and meadow voles (Microtus montanus and Microtus 0547 pennsy 1 van i cus ) JCECD. Sullivan, T.P. Crump, D.R.; Sullivan, The National evaluation of Extension's D.S. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press. Journal of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. chemical ecology. Jan 1988. v. 14 (1). p. Blacksburg VA ; Petersburg VA ; Virginia 363-377. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Cooperative Extension Service, Virginia DNAL QD415.A1J6). Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. Includes executive summary.- "VCES Publication 491-010."- "Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, Virginia Tech and Virginia 0553 State - Virginia's Land-grant Un i vers i t i tes in cooperation with United States Department of Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce Agriculture - Extension Service, Cooperative feeding damage by herbivores. IV. Northern Agreement No. 12-05-300-659.". v, 123 p. ill. pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographies. (NAL Call JCECD. Sullivan, T.P. Crump, D.R.; Sullivan, No.: DNAL S544.3.V8V52 no. 491-010. etc.). D.S. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press. Journal of chemical ecology. Jan 1988. v. 14 (1). p. 379-389. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0D415. A1J6) 0548 The protection of pome fruits, 1979 --March 1985 citations from Agricola concerning diseases and 0554 other environmental considerations /compiled and edited by Charles N. Bebee. --. 1988 Illinois commercial tree fruit spray Bebee, Charles N. Beltsville, Md. : U.S. Dept. schedules / prepared by S.M. Ries ... et al . . of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library Ries, M. Urbana : Cooperative Extension ; S. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Environmental Service, University of Illinois at Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Urbana-Champa i gn , 1988 . Abstract: This guide Programs, 1985. "August 1985."- Includes index. for commercial tree fruit growers includes 1988 204 p. : 28 cm. --. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Illinois tree fruit spray schedules and aZ5076. A1U54 no . 4 1 ) pesticide recommendations for apple, peach, cherry, pear and plum crops. It provides information on fungicide, insecticide and muticide harvest restrictions, mouse and weed 0549 control, growth regulators, chemical thinning, pesticide handling, safety, and Integrated Pest Quebracho, thiram, and methiocarb reduce Management (IPM). Cover title.- "January, consumption of apple twigs by meadow voles. 1988"--P. 4 of cover.- "C-1151 S.". 40 p. ; WLSBA. Swihart, R.K. Bethesda, Md. : The 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB608 . F8N56 ) Society. Wildlife Society bulletin. Summer 1990. V. 18 (2). p. 162-166. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SK357.A1W5). 78 ) (PESTS OF PLANTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 0555 1990 commercial apple: insect, disease, and weed control recommendations. Patterson, M.G. Everest, J.W.; Powell, A. - Auburn, Ala. : The Service. Circular ANR Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University. In subseries: Integrated Pest Management. Jan 1990. (11). 11 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . A2C47 ) . 77 . . . . . PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS 0556 0559 Abundance and identification of the leaf mining Activity of dofentezine against European red guild on apple in the Mid-Atlantic States. mite (Acari : Tetranychidae). GRLEA. Brown, M.W. East Lansing, Mich. JEENAI. Welty, C. Reissig, W.H.; Dennehy, T.J.; Michigan Entomological Society. The Great Lakes Weires, R.W. Lanham, Md. Entomological entomologist. Winter 1990. v. 23 (4). p. Society of America. The ovicidal and larvicidal 179-188. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: activity of dofentezine against a population DNAL 0L461 . M5 ) of European red mite (ERM), Panonychus ulmi (Koch), was evaluated in laboratory bioassays and compared with activity of hexythiazox. dofentezine was more active against summer 0557 than winter eggs of ERM; LC(SO) values of eggs in an early developmental stage differed by 11 Acaricide bioassays with spider mites (Acarl: times (1.01 and 11.1 ppm, respectively). Eggs Tetranychidae) on pome fruits: evaluation of of either type were significantly less methods and selection of discriminating susceptible to dofentezine when treated the concentrations for resistance monitoring. day before hatch than when treated at earlier JEENAI. Knight, A.L. Beers, E.H.; Hoyt, S.C; developmental stages (P less than 0.02). When Riedl, H. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society exposed to leaves treated with 10-100 ppm of America. Leaf disk bioassays with the dofentezine, mortality was high among larvae acaricides avermectin 81, fenbutatin oxide, and but negligible among nymphs and adults. The hexythiazox were conducted with the mite amount of dofentezine required to kill 50% of species Panonychus ulmi(Koch), Tetranychus winter or summer eggs was half that of urticae Koch, and T. mcdanieli McGregor hexythiazox. Winter eggs surveyed from 31 collected from apple andpear orchards in commercial apple orchards in three regions of Washington. The effects of length of the New York did not vary significantly (P = 0.11) bioassay period and inclusion of mite walk-off in susceptibility to dofentezine at a in mortality used to estimate LCSO's with concentration of 100 ppm, but eggs from fenbutatin oxide and avermectin Biwere Champlain Valley orchards were less susceptible examined. Correlations between LCSO's after 48 than those from the Hudson Valley or Wayne and 72 h were significant with bothchem i ca 1 s County when tested at 10 ppm (P = 0.0003). However, large decreases in LCSO's with Journal of economic entomology. Feb 1989. v. 82 fenbutatin oxide from 48 to 72 h i nd i catedthat (1). p. 197-203. Includes references. (NAL Call the longer time allowed a more complete No. : DNAL 421 J822) assessment of mite mortality. Comparisonof results from closed double- leaf and open single-leaf bioassays with fenbutatin ox i desuggested that mite walk-off should be 0560 included in mortality counts. Significant differences inLCSO's were found among mite Actographs for recording daily activity of plum species for hexythiazox and avermectin B1, but curculio (Coleoptera: Curcul ionldae) not wi thf enbutat i n oxide. P. ulmi was 20 and 2 JEENAI. Racette, G. Hill, S.B.; Vincent, C. times more tolerant to hexythiazox and Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. avermectin B1, respectively, than the two Two types of actographs were designed to study Tetranychus species. Correlations among LCSO's changes in daily activity of plum curculio, for acar i c i desw i th i n each species were not Conotrachel us nenuphar (Herbst), throughout two significant. In addition, partial correlations growing seasons in southwestern Quebec. The for species were not significant with LCSO's technique is based on plum curcul io's thanatose for fenbutatin oxide and hexythiazox and behavior. During the time when adult plum fenbutatin oxide andavermect i n B1. curculio are active, they repeatedly climb up Discriminating concentrations for detection of the walls of cages and drop to the floor. The incipient levels of resistance for hexythiazox rate at which they do so provides a measure of were established for each species. their activity. Two years' data indicated that Discriminating concentrations also were their activity patterns change throughout the selectedfor the two Tetranychus species for growing season. Before apple fruit set, plum avermectin B1. Journal of economic entomology. curculio dropped mostly during the night. Oct 1990. V. 83 (5). p. 17S2-1760. Includes During fruit set and June drop, they remained references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 0822). active throughout the day and night. During mid-summer, the pattern of activity was less predictable. Adults resumed nocturnal dropping activity during the fall. Journal of economic 0558 entomology. Dec 1990. v. 83 (6). p. 2385-2392. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Activity of Avermectin B1 against codling moth J822) . (Lepidoptera: Olethreutldae) JEENAI. Reed, O.K. Tromley, N.d.; Reed, G.L. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1985. V. 78 (5). p. 1067-1071. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 78 .. . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0561 0564 Adult phenology and management of spotted Alightment of apple maggot flies on fruit tent i form leaf miner ( Lepidoptera: mimics in relation to contrast against Graci 1 lari idae) in North Carolina, South background Carolina, and Georgia. FETMA. Prokopy, R.J. Gainesville, Fla. JEENAI. Walgenbach, d.F. Gorsuch, C.S.; Norton, Florida Entomological Society. Florida D.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of entomologist. Dec 1986. v. 69 (4). p. 716-721 America. Pheromone traps were used to study Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 male flight phenology of spotted tentiform F662) leafminer, Phy 1 1 onorycter blancardella (F.), in the major apple-producing regions of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia from 1986 through 1988. Trapping data indicated that P. 0565 blancardella completes four and a partial fifth generation per season. Adult emergence in Aphids in apples. November was attributed to portions of the WUEXA. Youngs, L. Peterson, V.; Retan, A.M. fourth-generation pupal population that did not Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension enter diapause. These adults did not contribute bulletin - Washington State University, to the overwintering population because Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: sap-feeding larvae did not develop into tissue Insect Answers. Nov 1991. (1075, rev.). 3 p. feeders during this time. Laboratory and field (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). studies suggested that the appearance of P. blancardella in the southern United States Is due to population resistance to organophosphorous insecticides. Leafminer 0566 control was achieved with several insecticides applied before bloom; however, applications of Aphids in apples. pyrethroids before bloom disrupted mite WUEXA. Youngs, L. Peterson, V.; Retan, A.M. predator populations from 12 to 18 wk after Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension applications. Journal of economic entomology. bulletin - Washington State University, June 1990. v. 83 (3). p. 985-994. maps. Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Insect Answers. Aug 1989. (1075, rev.). 4 p. J822) ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). 0562 0567 Advantages and disadvantages of using pyrethroids in Nova Scotia apple orchards. Apple- and- thorn skeletonizer. JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Rogers, R.E.L.; WUEXA. Suomi , D. Pullman, Wash. : The Service - MacLellan, C.R. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Extension bulletin Washington State Society of America. Journal of economic University, Cooperative Extension Service. Ju entomology. Dec 1988. v. 81 (6). p. 1737-1749. 1986. (1384). 2 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 275. 29 W27P) J822). 0568 0563 Apple aphids in Ohio /C.R. Cutright. Agricultural decision support system design; Cutright, Clifford Reginald, 1893-. Wooster, the evoluation of EASY -MACS. Ohio : Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Mclnnis, P.J. Jr. Nyrop, J. P.; Wolf, W.A. 1930. Cover title. 59 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Bibliography: p. 58-59. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Service, University of Florida, 1990 . 0H3S (2) no. 464). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31-February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, 0569 Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. p. 602-607. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S494.5.D3I5 Apple ermine moth. 1990) WUEXA. Antonelli, A.L. LaGasa, E.; Bay, E.C. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington State University. Cooperative Extension Service. Aug 1989. (1526). 2 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P) 79 . . 1 . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0570 0573 Apple ermine moth, Yponomeuta ma111ne11us Apple leafminers and their parasites live in Zeller: two components of female sex pheromone trees near orchards. gland highly effective in field trapping tests. FOPSA. Maier, C.T. New Haven, Conn. : The JCECD. McDonough. L.M. Davis, H.G.; Station. Frontiers of plant science - Smithhisler, C.L.; Voerman, S.; Chapman, P.S. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press. When Fall 1985. V. 38 (1). p. 4-6. ill. (NAL Call el ectroantennographic responses of male No. : DNAL 100 F92) Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller to model compounds were determined at dosages of 0.3-30 ng, the strongest responses were obtained from ) 1 ( Z -9-dodecen- -ol acetate (Z9-12:Ac). Also, 0574 strong responses were obtained from (Z)- 1 1-tetradecenal (Z11-14:A1) and Apple maggot. - 1-tetradecen-1-ol ( Z 1 1 1 4 : OH ) . At a WUEXA. Beers, E. 1 A.L.; (Z)-1 dosage Antonel i , LaGasa, E. of 0.3 ng, Z11-14:A1 produced a stronger Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension response than Z11-14:0H, while at a dosage of bulletin - Washington State University. 30 ng, Z11-14:0H and Z11-14:A1 produced equal Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: responses. Gas chromatographic and mass Insect Answers. Aug 1991. (1603). 3 p. (NAL spectral analysis of extracts of female sex Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). pheromone glands showed the presence of Z9-12:Ac, tetradecan- 1 -ol (14:0H), ) 1 1 ( E - 1 -tetradecen- -ol (E11-14:0H), Z11-14:0H, 1 1 hexadecan- -ol , and hexadecan- -ol acetate in a 0575 ratio of 0.6:200:37:100:140:35. In field tests. Z9-12:Ac and Z11-14:0H together were required Apple maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) response to for trap catch, and addition of Z11-14:A1, traps in an unsprayed orchard in Oregon. )- 1 E11-14:0H, 14:0H, or ( Z 1 1 - tetradecen- -o JEENAI. Aliniazee, M.T. Mohammad, A.B.; Booth, acetate did not increase catch. Ratios in S.R. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of rubber septa of 0.5:99.5 to 1.5:98.5 America. Eight and 10 different trap types were - ( Z9- 12 : Ac/Z 1 1 14 : OH ) captured the most males compared for their effectiveness in attracting and captures were statistically equivalent for the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), dosages of 10-1000 m i crogram/rubber septum. adults during 1985 and 1986 seasons, Traps baited with the synthetic lure produced respectively. Ladd yellow rectangles with red better catches than those baited with females. hemispheres in the center and a Ladd apple Journal of chemical ecology. Feb 1990. v. 16 volatile attractant (consisting of a mixture of (2). p. 477-486. Includes references. (NAL Call hexyl acetate, butyl 2-methyl butyrate, propyl No. : DNAL 0D415. A1 J6) hexanoate, hexyl propionate, butyl hexanoate, and hexyl butanoate in a 36:7:12:5:29:11 ratio) trapped the largest number of flies. This trap performed better than al 1 other traps tested 0571 during both study years. Analysis of the ratios of positive response to traps suggests that the Apple growers can get mites tested for Ladd trap with red hemispheres and apple susceptibility to miticides. attractant was superior to both Pherocon AM and Reissig, H. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural Div. red sphere traps under both relatively low and of Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, high population density conditions. Other N.Y. State. Ag impact. Apr 1989. v. 16 (4). p. moderately effective traps were red spheres 7-8. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N7A45 ) with Ladd attractant, Ladd yellow panels apple attractant did not increase the effectiveness of Pherocon AM trap. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1987. v. 80 (6). p. 1143-1148. 0572 ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Apple IPM in West Virginia. Hogmire, H.W. dr. Fayet tev i 1 1 e , Ark. : Arkansas State Horticultural Society. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Arkansas State 0578 Horticultural Society. Paper presented at the "106th Annual Meeting of the Arkansas State Apple maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) response to Horticultural Society," November 13 and 14, traps in an unsprayed orchard in Oregon. 1985, Fort Smith, Arkansas. 1985. (106). p. JEENAI. Aliniazee, M.T. Mohammad, A.B.; Booth, 104-106. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB21.A7A7). S.R. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1987. V. 80 (6). p. 1143-1148. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 80 . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0577 0583 Apple maggot (Diptera:Trypetidae) control with Apple maggot update. insecticides and their residues in and on PWHAA. Schwisow, M. Wenatchee, Wash. : The apples. Association. Proceedings - Washington State JEENAI. Belanger, A. Bostanian, N.J.; Rivard, Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. I. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of 184. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1985. V. 78 (2). p. 463-466. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0584 Apterona helix ( Lepidoptera: Psychidae), a 0578 palearctic bagworm moth in North America: new distribution records, seasonal history, and The apple maggot fly: a pest in orchards, a host plants. treasure in basic research. PESWA. Wheeler, A.G. Jr. Hoebeke, E.R. NEMFA. Prokopy, R.J. North Amherst, Mass. : The Washington, D.C. : The Society. Proceedings of Association. New England fruit meetings ... the Entomological Society of Washington. Jan Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - 1988. V. 90 (1). p. 20-27. ill. Includes Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1985. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 W27). V. 91. p. 83-91. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) 0585 0579 Area-wide population dynamics of Platynota The apple maggot in Oregon. idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Fisher, G. AliNiazee, M.T. Corvallis, Or. : The southcentral Pennsylvania pome and stone Service. FS, fact sheet - Oregon State f rui ts University Extension Service. July 1986. EVETEX. Knight, A.L. Hull. L.A. Lanham, Md. (271, rev.). 2 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Entomological Society of America. Larval and 275.29 0R36) . egg mass sampling along with a sex pheromone trap grid consisting of 105 traps spaced 200 by 140 m apart were used to study the population biology of the tortricid, Platynota idaeusalis 0580 (Walker), among pome and stone fruits in Adams County, PA. Overwintering and summer The apple maggot in Utah. populations were found beneath apple, pear, Karren, J.B. Logan, Utah : The Service. peach, and cherry on a wide variety of Extension leaflet - Cooperative Extension herbaceous plant species, especially Taraxacum Service, Utah State University. Feb 1986. officinalis, Rumex obtus i f ol i us , and root (213). 7 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 suckers. In apple, larvae were found UT1L) overwintering primarily beneath the tree canopy within 2 m of the trunk. Significantly more first-brood larval shelters were found on apple than on cherry, peach, or pear. However, the 0581 highest density of second-brood egg masses and male trap count s were found in cherry. No Apple maggot management in the western United differences were found in second-brood egg mass States. density among five of the six apple cultivars OASPA. AliNiazee, M.T. Corvallis, Or. : The sampled. Significantly higher fruit injury Station. Special report - Oregon State levels were found for 'Yorking' and 'Rome University, Agricultural Experiment Station. In Beauty' than for 'Delicious,' 'Golden the series analytic: Ecology and management of Delicious,' 'Stayman,' and 'Jonathon.' Fewer economically important fruit flies / edited by moths were caught in pheromone traps placed in M.T. AliNiazee. July 1988. (830). p. 73-81. fields and wooded sites than in orchards. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 Recapture of marked moths demonstrated that 0R3M) . males moved throughout the study site. Environmental entomology. Dec 1988. v. 17 (6). p. 1000-1008. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). 0582 Apple maggot update. PWHAA. Freeman, J. Wenatchee, Wash. : The 0586 Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. Areawide patterns of azinphosmethyl resistance 94-96. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). in adult male Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in southcentral Pennsylvania. JEENAI. Knight, A.L. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Levels of resistance to azinphosmethyl in adult male 81 . . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) populations of Platynota idaeusalis (Walker) red, yellow, and blue). Blue and yellow balls within apple, peach, pear, and cherry orchards yielded fewer eggs than black or red balls for and woodland from three regions in Adams small and medium (50 mm diameter) sizes, County, Pa., were tested during 1986-1987. In whereas numbers oviposited in black, red, and Quaker Valley, significant differences among yellow spheres were not significantly different habitats were found only for brood I in 1986. for numbers laid in the large size. Twice as However, LDSO's were generally highest for many eggs were laid into large balls when guava populations within apple and lowest for juice was used as an attractant as compared populations in peach and woods for both years. with water. Large black or red balls with guava In 1987, a significant popu 1 at i on-w i th i n-crop juice gave roughly as many eggs as did Golden effect was found only for brood II. LDSO's of Delicious' apples, and three times as many eggs populations in three more northern orchards as did Red Delicious' apples. Laboratory flies within Quaker Valley where az i nphosmethy 1 + oviposited three times as many eggs into large phosmet use was high were significantly higher yellow balls with guava juice as did wild flies than for two populations in southwestern apple reared in fruit. Journal of economic orchards which received less of these entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (5). p. 1382-1385. pesticides. A comparison of three regions that ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL varied in their mixture of crops and 421 J822). surrounding habitats in 1987 revealed no significant differences among regions. However, significant differences related to crops were found in brood II. LD50's of populations in 0590 apple in Quaker Valley and Fox Hill were significantly higher than for populations in Attachment and dispersion of Callldosoma metzi cherry or peach within each region. (AcaPi : Erythraeidae) parasitizing Platynota Low-density, susceptible adult male populations idaeusalis ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were trapped from wooded sites 1.3-5.0 km from AESAAI. Adler, C.R.L. Brown, M.W. College Park, the nearest apple orchards. Journal of economic Md. : The Society. Annals of the Entomological entomology. Aug 1990. v. 83 (4). p. 1194-1200. Society of America. Jan 1986. v. 79 (1). p. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 56-59. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 d822). 420 EN82). 0587 0591 Arthropod community organization and Azi nphosmethy] resistance and weight-related development in pear. response of obi iquebanded leaf roller EMNGD. Gut, L.J. Liss, W.J.; Westigard, P.H. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae to New York, N.Y. : Spr i nger - Ver 1 ag . Environmental Insecticides. management. Jan/Feb 1991. v. 15 (1). p. 83-104. JEENAI. Reissig. W.H. Stanley, B.H.; Hebding, Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL H.E. College Park, Md. Entomological Society HC79. E5E5) of America. Journal of economic entomology. Includes statistical data. Apr 1986. v. 79 (2). p. 329-333. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0588 Arthropod resistance in plant introduction accessions of Mai us sp. to some arthropod pests 0592 of economic Importance. FVRJA. Goonewardene , H.F. Povish, W.R. Baited red sphere traps help control apple University Park, Pa. : American Pomological maggot Society. Fruit varieties journal. July 1988. v. Agnello, A. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural Div. 42 (3). p. 88-91. Includes references. (NAL of Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). N.Y. State. Ag impact. June 1989. v. 16 (6). p. 8. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N7A45 ) 0589 0593 Artificial oviposit ion sphere for Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in field Baseline bioassays with hexythiazox and cages clofentezine of three mite species (Acari: JEENAI. Mclnnis, D.O. Lanham, Md. : Tetranychldae) occurring on Washington and Entomological Society of America. Colored, Oregon tree fruits. polyethylene plastic balls were modified to JEENAI. Rathman, R.J. Beers, E.H.; Flexner, serve as oviposition devices for a laboratory J.L.; Riedl, H.; Hoyt. S.C.; Westigard, P.H.; strain of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Knight, A.L. Lanham, Md. Entomological Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in the Society of America. Eggs from Panonychus ulm1 laboratory and the field. In outdoor field (Koch), Tetranychus urticae Koch, and T. cages, large balls (100 mm diameter) yielded mcdanieli McGregor collected from apple and significantly more eggs than small balls (25 mm pear orchards in Oregon and Washington were diameter) for all four colors tested (black. tested with the acaricides hexythiazox and 82 . . , .. . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) clofentezine to establish baseline responses 0597 before the compounds were registered and were widely used in the field. Within mite species, Behavioral management of apple maggot flies: an few significant differences were detected among update. LCSO's for populations tested with either NEMFA. Prokopy, R.J. North Amherst, Mass. : The compound; differences at this response level Association. New England fruit meetings ... ranged from 2- to5-fold. LCSO's were Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - significantly different between species; they Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. werehigher for P. ulmi than for either T. Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort urticae or T. mcdaniel i . Although not and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, significantly different, LCSO's for both 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 107-110. (NAL Call No.: compounds were generally higher for T. DNAL 81 M384) mcdaniel i than for T. urticae. LCSO's for P. ulmi were three times higher for clofentezine than hexythiazox. For T. urticae, LCSO's for bothchemical s were similar, but the LCSO for 0598 clofentezine with T. mcdaniel i was somewhat lower than the LCSO for hexythiazox. LCSO's for Better apples the low-spray way. hexythiazox for populations of T. urticae Ruttle, J. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press. Rodale's collected from apple versus pear and organic gardening. Aug 1987. v. 34 (8). p. populations collected from Medford, Oreg. 48-52. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S605.5.R64). versus morenorthern fruit-producing regions in Oregon and Washington were not significantly d i f f erent . LCSO' s for clofentezine were not significantly different for populations of T. 0599 urt i caecol 1 ected from apple and pear. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1990. v. 83 (5). p. Beyond the first stage of apple IPM in 1711-1714. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Massachusetts DNAL 421 d822). NEMFA. Prokopy, R.J. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 0594 Meeting held on January 6-7, 1988, Concord, New Hampshire. 1988. v. 94. p. 78-81. (NAL Call Basing European red mite control decisions on a No. : DNAL 81 M384 ) census of mites can save control costs. NYFSB. Nyrop, d.P. Reissig, W.H. Geneva, N.Y. New York (State), Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. New York's food and life 0600 sciences bulletin. 1988. (123). 3 p. (NAL Call No. : DNAL S9S. E22) Binomial sampling plans for tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 1 aridae) on apple in Utah. JEENAI . Jones, V . P . Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. The dispersion of 0595 Phy 1 1 onorycter elmaella Doganlar & Mutuura (Lepidoptera: Grac i 1 1 ar i dae ) , a tentiform Behavior and monitoring of adult apple blotch leafminer infesting apple in Utah, was leaf miners. investigated over a 3-yr period. According to NEMFA. Green, T.A. Prokopy, R.J.; Col i , W.H. Taylor's power law, mines are only slightly = North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New clumped on a per leaf basis (alpha 1.14, beta England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the = 1.05, r2 = 0.94). Two different binomial ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit sampling plans based on a constrained negative Growers' Association. 1985. v. 91. p. 74-82. binomial distribution were evaluated to Includes 7 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 estimate populations of leaf miners near the M384) . one to three mines per leaf economic threshold proposed for other leafminers of this genus attacking apple in the eastern United States. The proportion of leaves infested could not 0596 provide accurate predictions over 1.7 mines per leaf; however, the proportion of leaves Behavioral interactions among formicid species infested with two or more mines predicted in the ant mosaic of an organic pear orchard. levels above three mines per leaf accurately. PPETA9. Paulson, G.S. Akre, R.D. San Francisco, The use of this sampling plan in pest Calif. : Pacific Coast Entomological Society. management programs is discussed. Journal of The Pan-Pacific entomologist. Oct 1991. v. 67 economic entomology. Apr 1991. v. 84 (2). p. (4). p. 288-297. Includes references. (NAL Call 484-488. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: No. : DNAL 421 P193) DNAL 421 J822) 83 . . : . .. (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0601 0605 Binomial sequential classification sampling Biology of the codling moth in Hudson Valley plans for European red mite (Acari orchards Tetranychidae) with special reference to SHAGA. Dean, R.W. Ithaca, N.Y. : The Station. performance criteria. Search agriculture - New York State JEENAI. Nyrop, J. P. Agnello, A.M.; Kovach, J.; Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca. 1989. Reissig, W.H. Lanham, Md. Entomological (36). 28 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No. Society of America. Binomial sequential DNAL 595. E23). sampling procedures were developed for classifying the density of European red mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), with respect to four critical densities. Frequencies of erroneous 0606 classifications made using these sampling procedures and average sample sizes required to Biting into apple research. make classifications were compared with AGREA. Corliss, J. Stanley, D. Washington, D.C. - sequential sampling procedures that used : The Service. Agricultural research U.S. complete counts of mites on leaves. The Department of Agriculture, Agricultural binomial procedures required approximately the Research Service. Dec 1990. v. 38 (12). p. same average sample size and had approximately 18-23. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84 ) . the same frequency of erroneous classification. The sample size efficiency of the binomial sequential classification sampling plan was compared and found superior to the sample size 0607 efficiency of an estimation procedure based on binomial sampling. Field testing of one of the Can ovipositing Rhagoletis pomonella females binomial sequential classification sampling (Diptera: tephritidae) learn to discriminate plans showed that it rapidly and correctly among different ripeness stages of the same hot classified mite densities. Journal of economic biotype? entomology. Apr 1989. v. 82 (2). p. 482-490. FETMA. Prokopy, R.J. Papaj , D.R. Gainesville, Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Fla. Florida Entomological Society. Florida J822) entomologist. Sept 1989. v. 72 (3). p. 489-494. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 F662 ) . 0602 Biological activity of petroleum and cottonseed 0608 oils against two tetranychid mite species and two tortricid insect species found on apple. Characterization of resistance to dicofol in Rock, G.C. Crabtree, K.W. Clemson, S.C. : South spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) from New Carolina Entomological Society. Journal of York apple orchards. agricultural entomology. July 1987. v. 4 (3). JEENAI. Dennehy, T.J. Nyrop, J. P.; Reissig, p. 247-253. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: W.H.; Weires, R.W. Lanham, Md. : Entomological DNAL SB599.J69). Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1988. v. 81 (6). p. 1551-1561. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) . 0603 Biological control in integrated pest management: an entomological perspective. 0609 Huffaker, C.B. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press, 1985. Biological control in agricultural IPM Codling moth: male moth activity in response to systems / edited by Marjorie A. Hoy, Donald C. pheromone lures and pheromone lures and Herzog. Paper presented at the "Symoosium on pheromone-bai ted traps at different elevations Biological Control in Agricultural Integrated within and between trees. Pest Management Systems" June 4-6, 1984, held EVETEX. Howell, J.F. Schmidt. R.S.; Horton, at the Citrus Research and Education Center, D.R.; Khattak, S.U.K.; White, L.D. Lanham, Md. University of Florida, at. p. 13-23. Includes Entomological Society of America. To references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB933 . 3 . B548 ) characterize the behavior of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), males to sex pheromone sources, we determined the lapsed time for response, number responding, and number of 0604 attempted pseudocopu 1 at i ons directed to pheromone placed at various heights in or near Biology of Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: apple trees. The time for and number of Anthocoridae) : a predator in Virginia apple responses was similar at any height as long as orchards. pheromone source was within and not outside the EVETEX. McCaffrey, J. P. Horsburgh, R.L. College tree's canopy. Responses to pheromone and Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. captures of moths were significantly lower for Environmental entomology. Aug 1986. v. 15 (4). pheromone sources or traps outside the tree p. 984-988. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: canopy, whether above, below or between trees. DNAL QL461 . E532) The maximum numerical response was at the 3.0-m 84 ...... (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) level, 1.0-1. 5m from the top of the tree. In an 0613 unsprayed apple orchard, the number of moths caught in traps at 3.5 m was not significantly Comparative toxicity of orchard insecticides to different from the number caught at 1.5 m, but the apple blotch leafminer, Phyl lonorycter in a sprayed orchard, the number caught at 3.5 crataegella (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) , and m was significantly higher than at 1.5 m in six its eulophid parasitoid, Sympiesis of 10 biweekly comparisons. Efficiency of low mary 1 andens i s ( Hymenopter a : Eu 1 oph i dae ) traps (1.5 m) relative to high traps depended JEENAI. Van Driesche, R.G. Clark, J.M.; Brooks, on the position of the low trap in relation to M.W.; Drummond, F.J. College Park, Md. the canopy. The canopy effect was larger than Entomological Society of America. Journal of the height effect. Environmental entomology. economic entomology. Aug 1985. v. 78 (4). p. June 1990. v. 19 (3). p. 573-577. Includes 926-932. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). No. : DNAL 421 J822) 0610 0614 Commercial apple insect and disease A computer management system for apple ("Malus control --1991 X domestica" Borkh. ) germplasm with resistance Von Broembsen, S. Coppock, S.; Taylor, G. to diseases and arthropod pests. Stillwater, Gkla. : The Service. OSU current Goonewardene , H.F. Rudkevich, V.; Grosso, R.; - report Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Williams, E.B. Beltsville, Md. : The Service. Extension Service. Feb 1991. (6241). 6 p. (NAL ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Call No.: DNAL S451.0508). Agricultural Research Service. Sept 1986. (53). 26 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aS21 .R44A7) 0611 Commercial apple Insect and disease control, 0615 1989. Coppock, S. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. Control of apple pests in Ontario. - OSU current report Oklahoma State University, ARHMA. Fisher, P. East Lansing, Mich. : The Cooperative Extension Service. Apr 1989. Society. Annual report - Michigan State (6241, rev.). 5 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 81-88. S451 .0508) (NAL Can No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) 0612 0616 Community structure of phytophagous arthropods Control of arthropods on apple, Malus X on apple. domestica (Borkh.), selections for scab EVETEX. Brown, M.W. Adler, C.R.L. Lanham, Md. : ( Ascomycetes : Mycosphaerel 1 acea) and apple Entomological Society of America. The maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) resistance in an phytophagous arthropod community on apple was orchards in I nd 1 ana T- studied in Virginia, West Virginia, JEENAI Goonewardene, H.F. PI i ego, G. ; McCabe, Pennsylvania, and New York in 1983 and 1984. G.P.; Howard, P.H.; Oliver, P.J. Lanham, Md. Managed, "organic" (reduced management), and Entomological Society of America. Three years abandoned orchards were sampled and the of sampling an apple orchard with seven arthropod communities therein were compared to selections resistant to apple scab, Venturia examine the effects of orchard management on inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., five of which were the community. Williams's index, species also resistant to apple maggot, Rhagoletis richness, and evenness all showed significantly pomonella (Walsh), growing on three different greatest diversity in abandoned orchards, rootstocks (EMVII. MM1106, and MM111), intermediate diversity in "organic" orchards, indicated a faunal composition consisting of and least diversity in managed orchards. eight orders from which 31 taxa in 21 families Diversity in the "organic" orchard decreased were identified. Among the 14 most frequently during the 2 yr of study, showing the found groups in descending frequency were management class, ranged from 28 to 60%. aphids. Aphis pomi De Geer and Dysaphls Percentage of similarity and diversity indices plantaginea Passerini; leafminer. indicated that cultivar and orchard age Phy 1 1 onorycter blancardella (F.); plum differences were not significant factors in curculio, Conotrachel us nenuphar (Herbst); comparisons among orchards. Communities were codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.); ants, dominated by r-selected species in managed Lasius neoniger (Emery) and Prenolepis imparls orchards and K-selected species in abandoned (Say); leafhoppers, Empoasca maligna Walsh, orchards. Community structure is hypothesized Jikradia olitoria (Say), Penthimia americana to be regulated by human- i nduced , environmental (Fitch), Scaphytopius sp., and Typhlocyba factors in managed orchards and by natural pomaria McAtee; tarnished plant bug, Lygus enemies in abandoned orchards. Environmental lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois); green entomology. Aug 1989. v. 18 (4). p. 600-607. fruitworm, Lithophane antennata (Walker); flea Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL beetle genera (unidentified); ladybird beetles, 0L461 . E532) Adalia bipunctata (L.), Anatis sp.. 85 1 . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) Brach i acantha ursina (F.), Coleomegilla 0618 maculata lengi Timberlake, Hippodamia 1 1 convergens Guer n-Menev 11 e , Myzia pullata Control of spider mites on pear in southern (Say), and 011a v. nigrum Mulsant; apple Oregon. maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh); redbanded Westigard, P. Van Buskirk, P. Portland : The leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker); Society. Annual report - Oregon Horticultural lacewing, Chrysopa carnea (Stevens); and green Society. 1986. v. 77. p. 92-98. (NAL Call No.: stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say). Direct DNAL 81 0R32) . inverse relationships were found between numbers of identified pests and predators. Significant differences in the incidence of arthropods were found among rootstocks and 0619 among selections. Based on these findings, we used a modified program of insecticides only Control of spider mites on pear in southern ( az i nphosmethy 1 and carbaryl and fenvalerate Oregon and phosmet with water as the control applied PWHAA. Westigard, P. Van Buskirk, P. Wenatchee, - 9, 36, and 81 d after full bloom), and obtained Wash. : The Association. Proceedings greater than or equal to 80% fruit without any, Washington State Horticultural Association. arthropod damage. The total crop was evaluated 1985. (81st). p. 196-199. (NAL Call No.: DNAL from fruit set to harvest The cost of 81 W273). chemicals per hectare for the az i nphosmethy and carbaryl program was $83.40;. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (5). p. 1426-1436. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0620 DNAL 421 J822) . Control 1ed-atmosphere cold storage as a quarantine treatment for nondi apausi ng codling moth ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae in 0617 apple. JEENAI. Toba, H.H. Moffitt, H.R. Lanham, Md. : Control of arthropods on apple selections with Entomological Society of America. Nond i apaus i ng scab ( Ascomycetes : Mycophaerel lacea) and larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) in immature European red mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) apples were held in commercial resistance. control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage at 0 +/- JEENAI. Goonewardene , H.F. Pliego, G.; McCabe, 0.28 degrees C, 95-100% RH, and atmospheric G.P.; Howard, P.H.; Oliver, P.J. Lanham, Md. components of 1.5-2.0% 02, Entomological Society of America. Use of pest remainder being mainly N2 . Based on adult and disease resistant cultivars in pest emergence, survival decreased from 73% at 0 wk management is an alternative to commercial to 0% after a 13-wk exposure. A large-scale apple production that depends on use of test of infested apples held in chemical pesticides. Over a 3-yr period, we control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage for 13 wk produced fruit that were 86% free of damage by resulted in no adult emergence from an key pests using selections with apple scab, estimated 142,021 immature larvae, including an Venturia inaequalis (Cke. ) Wint, and European estimated 40,389 fifth instars, the most red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) resistance and tolerant stage. No live larvae or pupae were three critically timed sprays of either found when infested apples were sampled after fenvalerate or phosmet. Although we did not use treatment. Because codling moth eggs are also one, a fungicide may be needed to produce fruit susceptible to low temperatures, that would grade well if summer diseases, control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage for a Gloedes pomogena (Schw.) Colby and Leptothyrium minimum of 13 wk is a potential quarantine pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc. are a problem. The treatment for codling moth eggs and larvae in management program for these resistant apples. Journal of economic entomology. Aug selections produced a crop of undamaged fruit 1991. V. 84 (4). p. 1316-1319. Includes comparable with one that would be produced with references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). a calendar-based spray program on commercially grown cultivars susceptible to pests and diseases. The cost of a program including eight sprays of insecticides, fungicides, and 0621 acaricides recommended in Indiana for apple production is $1,387.48 per season per hectare Controlling apple pests. for cultivars not resistant to pests. This cost ORGAA. White, T. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press was reduced to $84.90 with phosmet or $240.00 Organic gardening. July 1985. v. 32 (7). p. per hectare with fenvalerate for the season 86-89. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 57.8 0R32). when resistant selections were used. Summer disease control was not considered in our investigation but, if needed, two sprays of fungicide would cost $77.40 per season per 0622 hectare. Fruit damage related to rootstock or selection differences (or both) previously Controlling codling moth in Utah orchards. reported were not found, suggesting perhaps a UTSCB. Jones, V.P. Logan, Utah : The Station. masking of such effects by pesticide. Journal Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment of economic entomology. Feb 1990. v. 83 (1). p. Station. Winter 1987. v. 48 (4). p. 169-172. 180-188. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL DNAL 421 J822) . 100 UT1F) . 86 . .. . . : . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0623 0629 Controlling pear mites. Cyhexatin resistance in New York populations of WEFGA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. June 1988. v. JEENAI. Welty, C. Reissig, W.H.; Dennehy , T.J.; 108 (6). p. 8. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 Weires, R.W. College Park, Md. : Entomological G85W) Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Feb 1987. v. 80 (1). p. 230-236. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) 0624 Corrugated fiberboard traps for predators overwintering in pear orchards. 0630 JEENAI. Fye, R.E. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of Cytokinins in apple leaves and their economic entomology. Dec 1985. v. 78 (6). p. relationship to spotted tent i form leaf miner 1511-1514. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call injury. No. : DNAL 421 J822) HJHSA. Shantz, G.M. Proctor, J.T.A.; Chiba, M. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1988. v. 23 (5). p. 878-879. Includes references. 0625 (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Cover crops affect insect and spider populations in apple orchards. CAGRA. Altieri, M.A. Schmidt, L.L. Berkeley : 0631 The Station. California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment Station. Dacus dorsal is flies can learn to find and Jan/Feb 1986. v. 40 (1/2). p. 15-17. ill. (NAL accept host fruit. Call No.: DNAL 100 C12CAG). JIBEE8. Prokopy, R.J. Green, T.A.; Vargas, R.I. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing. Journal of insect behavior. Sept 1990. v. 3 (5). p. 663-672. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0626 DNAL 0L496. J68) Crabapple cultivar preferences of the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curcul ionidae) 0632 FVRJA. Aim, S.R. Hall, F.R. University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit Damage from pear thrips is often detected too varieties journal. July 1986. v. 40 (3). p. late. 83-87. Includes 6 references. (NAL Call No.: Agnello, A. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural Div. DNAL 80 F9464) of Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, N.Y. State. Ag impact. Apr 1989. v. 16 (4). p. 4. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N7A45 ) . 0627 Crepuscular movement of Paraphlepsius irroratus 0633 (Say) (Hompoptera; Cicadel 1 idae) between the groundcover and cherry trees. Damage threshold for pear psylla nymphs EVETEX. Larsen, K.J. Whalon, M.E. College Park, (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Md. : Entomological Society of America. JEENAI. Burts, E.C. College Park, Md. Environmental entomology. Oct 1987. v. 16 (5). Entomological Society of America. Journal of p. 1103-1106. Includes references. (NAL Call economic entomology. Apr 1988. v. 81 (2). p. No. : DNAL 0L461 . E532) . 599-601. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0628 0634 Cyhexatin resistance and enhancement with calcium chloride in Washington state Damage to apple cultivars by races of European populations of spider mites (Acari corn borer ( Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Tetranychidae) on pome fruit. JEENAI. Straub, R.W. Weires, R.W.; Eckenrode, JESCEP. Tanigoshi , L.K. Babcock , J.M. Tifton. C.J. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society. Journal of of America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr entomological science. Apr 1990. v. 25 (2). p. 1986. V. 79 (2). p. 359-363. Includes 325-335. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). DNAL 0L461 . G4 ) 87 . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0635 0639 Decrease pesticide costs by using traps. Development and evaluation of a more efficient WEFGA. MacCollom, G.B. Willoughby, Ohio monitoring system for apple maggot (Diptera: Meister Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Apr Tephrl tidae) 1987. V. 107 (4). p. 42-43. Includes JEENAI. Agnello, A.M. Spangler, S.M.; Reissig, references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 80 G85W) W.H. Lanham, Md . Entomological Society of America. A series of tests done in commercial and research apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards during 1986-1988 evaluated different 0636 fap designs and treatment thresholds for apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). No Demonstration of semi ochemi cal 1y Induced difference in catch efficiency in unsprayed aggregation In the green June beetle, Cotinis trees was observed among Ladd nit Ida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeldae) yel 1 ow-panel -pi us-red-hemi sphere traps, red EVETEX. Domek, d.M. Johnson, D.T. College Park, wooden-sphere traps, and Olson sphere traps Md. Entomological Society of America. A covered with standard, brushable, or diluted trapping study was conducted in an apple adhesive mixtures. Of 10 trap designs that we variety block to determine if feeding green tested in 20 commercial orchards, all sphere dune beetles (GJB), Cotinis nitida (L.) traps baited with synthetic apple volatiles (Coleoptera: Scarabae i dae ) , produce were more effective at catching apple maggot semiochemical s that induce their aggregation. adults than were unbaited sphere traps, which Yellow baffle and funnel traps were baited with caught more adults than did yellow-panel traps. fruit only (ripe peach slices), three males and In a test using the baited traps to time three females (no fruit), six males (fruit control sprays in commercial orchards, we access blocked), six males (free access to achieved acceptable levels of control with a fruit), six females (fruit access blocked), and catch action threshold of eight adults per six females (free access to fruit). Traps were trap. With this threshold, 70% fewer sprays arranged in a Latin cube design (six row X six (2.8 fewer applications) were applied than in a column) and randomized daily for 6 d. Analysis calendar-based program. Trials in 16 blocks of data showed that column, day, treatment, and scouted by growers with baited traps and a day by treatment interaction were significant threshold of five adults per trap for timing sources of variation (P less than 0.01). Males sprays resulted in 0.6 fewer applications and or females feedingon ripe peach attracted no difference in fruit infestation levels, significantly higher numbers of male and female compared with blocks sprayed according to the beetles than all other treatments growers' conventional schedules. Despite the (Waller-Duncan k-ratio t test, k = 100, P less use of a threshold of five adults per trap, than 0.05). Environmental entomology. Apr 1988. which was chosen to be more conservative than V. 17 (2). p. 147-149. Includes references. that in the research trials, growers did not (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). always follow the recommended treatment guidelines. The use of this trapping system has been incorporated into current commercial pesticide recommendations for New York apple 0637 growers. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1990. V. 83 (2). p. 539-546. ill. Includes A destructive bud-worm of apple trees (Haploa references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). lecontel ) Garman, H. Lexington, Ky . The Station. Circular - University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Documents available from: 0640 Agriculture Library, Agricultural Science Center - North, University of Kentucky, Development of Platynota flavedana and P. Lexington, Ky. 40546-0091. June 1921. (25). p. idaeusalis (Lepldoptera: Tortrlcidae) at 1-11. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 K4 1 ) . constant temperatures in the laboratory. EVETEX. David, P.J. Horsburgh, R.L.; Holtzman, G.I. Lanham, Md . Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Feb 1989. v. 0638 18 (1). p. 15-18. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). Development and evaluation of a control decision rule for f 1 rst -generation spotted tent 1 form leaf miner ( Lepldoptera: Graci 1 lari Idae) In New York apple orchards. 0641 EVETEX. Nyrop, J. P. Reissig, W.H.; Agnello, A.M.; Kovach, J. Lanham, Md. Entomological Developmental rate, weight, and ovarian Society of America. Environmental entomology. parameters of apple aphlds, Aphis pomi Oct 1990. V. 19 (5). p. 1624-1638. Includes ( Homoptera : Aphididae), reared at one or two references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). constant temperatures, with evidence of residual effects. EVETEX. Carroll, D.P. Hoyt , S.C. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. June 1986. v. 15 (3) p. 607-613. Includes references. (NAL Call No. DNAL 0L461 . E532) . 88 . . . . . , (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0642 rate for the first and second generations averaged 2.9 and 3.8 m/d. Wind was the major Diapause in Platynota idaeusalis ( Lepidoptera: factor influencing leafhopper dispersal Tortricidae) : characterization of larval direction, as mean dispersal direction diapause under laboratory and field conditions. correlated significantly with mean wind EVETEX. Boyne. d.V. Rock, G.C. College Park, direction (r = 0.94, P less than or equal to Md. Entomological Society of America. 0.05). Temperature affected leafhopper Environmental entomology. Dec 1985. v. 14 (6). activity; this was particularly apparent with p. 797-804. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: second-generation adults active at temperatures DNAL 0L461 . E532) approximately 11 degrees C less than f i rst -generat i on adults. There was no significant difference in the overall dispersal behavior between first and second-generations. 0643 Implications of this movement to the spread of X-disease are discussed. Environmental Diapause in Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: entomology. Oct 1988. v. 17 (5). p. 842-851. Tortricidae): effects of temperature, ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL photoperiod, and time of inoculation in the 0L461 . E532) field on diapause termination. EVETEX. Boyne, J.V. Rock, G.C; Nelson, L.A. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Dec 1985. v. 0647 14 (6). p. 790-796. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). Distribution and parasitism of winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in western Oregon. EVETEX. Kimberling, D.N. Miller, J.C.; Penrose, 0644 R.L. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Oct 1986. Di sease-resi stant apple cultivars--a commercial V. 15 (5). p. 1042-1046. Includes references. alternative in low- input orchards?. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). NEMFA. Berkett, L.P. Cooley, D.R. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' 0648 Association. Meeting held on February 1-2, 1989, Sturbridge, Massachusetts. Feb 1989. v. Distribution and survival of eggs of summerform 95. p. 40-44. Includes references. (NAL Call pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) affected by No. : DNAL 81 M384) leaf midvein. EVETEX. Horton, D.R. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Distribution of pear psylla eggs on pear seedlings and cues 0645 affecting oviposition were monitored. Most eggs were deposited on the youngest foliage; few Dispersal of apple pests and natural enemies in eggs were placed on the oldest, leathery Michigan. leaves. Highest densities occurred adjacent to Whalon, M.E. Croft, B.A. East Lansing, Mich. : the midvein or in leaf serrations. Densities The Station. Research report - Michigan State were very low on the leaf blade away from the University, Agricultural Experiment Station. midvein. Oviposition was induced in areas Dec 1985. (467). 23 p. ill. Includes normally avoided (e.g., leaf blade) by references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 284.9 M58). providing strips of tape as artificial structures resembling midveins. Masking of particularly prominent midveins with strips of tape resulted in reduction of oviposition in 0646 these normally preferred sites. These results suggest that the midvein provided positive Dispersal of Paraphlepsius irroratus (Say) mechanical cues to ov i pos i t i oni ng females. (Homoptera: Cicadel 1 idae) in peach and cherry Effects of egg location on survival and orchards development of eggs was quantified. Survival EVETEX. Larsen, K.d. Whalon, M.E. Lanham, Md. rates of eggs were higher for eggs deposited Entomological Society of America. Dispersal of along the midvein than those deposited on the the leafhopper vector of X-disease, leaf blade. Survival decreased with increasing Paraphlepsius irroratus (Say) within and into plant water stress. Development rates of eggs peach and cherry orchards was monitored by a were not affected by location or stress. mark, release, and recapture experiment. Environmental entomology. June 1990. v. 19 (3). Field-collected adults were marked using p. 656-661. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: fluorescent dyes and released at locations in DNAL 0L461 . E532) and outside of two orchard sites. The marking method did not significantly affect leafhopper flight activity or survival. Dispersal was monitored using yellow sticky board traps for 21 d following each release, and the data were fitted to equations. The overall leafhopper recapture rate within 60 m was 2.35%. Dispersal 89 . . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0649 0653 Distribution Campyloirana verbasci (Heteroptera: Dormant and delayed dormant sprays for the Miridae) nymphs on apple and an assessment of control of rosy apple aphids and scale insects two methods of sampling. /by W.S. Hough. JEENAI. Thistlewood, H.M.A. McMullen, R.D. Hough. Walter Seneff, 1893-. Blacksburg, Va . : Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Virginia The distribution of Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) Agricultural Experiment Station, 1939. 31 p. : nymphs was examined on apple trees, Malus ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 V8 1 5 (1) May. 1982 domestica Borkh. , during from to no. 322) 1984, in the Okanagan Valley, B.C. Cluster samples, limb sections, and the limb tap method were used for these studies. Nymphs were found primarily within flower clusters and were 0654 associated with the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), or webbing of Ecological selectivity: modifying chemical lepidopteran larvae. The efficiency of limb tap control practices to preserve natural enemies. sampling was estimated to be 71% of the Hull, L.A. Beers, E.H. Orlando. Fla. Academic population in the region tapped, and its Press. 1985. Biological control in agricultural estimates of mean density were not affected by IPM systems / edited by Marjorie A. Hoy. Donald spatial, temporal, or varietal factors within C. Herzog. Paper presented at the "Symposium on orchards. With relative net precision as a Biological Control in Agricultural Integrated measure of precision and cost, limb tap Pest Management Systems" June 4-6. 1984. held sampling was 1.9 to 5.3 times more efficient at the Citrus Research and Education Center, than cluster sampling for determination of University of Florida, at. p. 103-122. ill. nymphal density at economic levels. However, Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL intensive sampling is required during short SB933. 3.B548) period to achieve levels of precision acceptable for integrated pest management programs. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1989. v. 82 (2). p. 510-515. Includes 0655 references. (NAL Call No.; DNAL 421 0822). Economic losses from the tarnished plant bug on apple in eastern New York. We ires, R.W. VanKirk, J.R.; Gerling, W.D.; 0650 McNicholas, F.M. Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society. Journal of agricultural Diversification of agricultural 1 andscapes--a entomology. July 1985. v. 2 (3). p. 256-263. vital element for pest control in sustainable Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL agricul ture. SB599. J69) Altieri, M.A. East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University Press, 1985. Sustainable agriculture & integrated farming systems 1984 conference proceedings / edited by Thomas C. 0656 Edens, Cynthia Fridgen, Susan L. Battenfield. p. 166-184. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Economic threshold for tarnished plant bug DNAL S441 .S8) (Hemiptera: Miridae) in apple orchards. JEENAI. Michaud, O.D. Boivin, G.; Stewart, R.K. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Economic injury levels (EIL) and economic 0651 thresholds (ET) for tarnished plant bug. Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) on apple tree Division of Entomology /C.H. Fernald. Division (Malus sylvestris Mill.) were established with of Horticulture / Samuel T. Maynard. sticky traps and a beating tray. ETs were based Fernald, C. H. 1838-1921. Maynard, Samuel on 1987 apple and chemical control costs and T ._1844- 1923 . Amherst, Mass. : Hatch Experiment assuming that a period of 24 h would be Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural required for control implementation. EILs College, 1888. 35 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call ranged from 0.5 to 2.8 cumulative captures per No.: DNAL 100 M38H (1) no. 2). sticky trap and 0.8 to 4.5 cumulative captures per 50 limb taps, depending on the insecticide used and the period of apple tree phenology during which L. lineolaris were captured. 0652 Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1989. v. 82 (6). p. 1722-1728. Includes references. (NAL Division of Entomology /C.H. Fernald. Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) . Horticultural Department / Samuel T. Maynard. Department of Meteorology / CD. Warner. Fernald, C. H. 1838-1921. Maynard, Samuel T _1 844 - 1 923 . ; Warner, Clarence Duane. Amherst, . Mass. : Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 1888. 16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 M38H (1 ) no . 1 ) 90 . . : . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0657 0660 Effect of a foliar urea application and mite Effect of food and perhaps larval crowding on injury on yield and fruit quality of apple. diapause initiation in tufted apple bud moth JEEN/^I. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A.; Greene, G.M. ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. JESCEP. Boyne, J.V. Rock, G.C. Tifton, Ga. : Malus X domestica Borkhauser, 'Bisbee The Entomological Science Society. Journal of Delicious' and 'Rome Beauty' apple trees were Entomological Science. Oct 1986. v. 21 (4). p subjected to varying amounts (range, 301-308. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: approximately 20-1,140) of European red mite, DNAL 0L461 . G4 ) Panonychus ulmi (Koch), injury and then treated with a foliar urea to determine if the effects of mite injury, could be mitigated. The effects of these treatments were determined on mean 0661 fruit weight, soluble solids, fruit firmness, fruit color, leaf nitrogen, and number of Effect of host instar on successful parasitism actively growing shoots at harvest, as well as by Pholetesor ornigis (Hymenoptera: return bloom, percentage of fruit set, and crop Braconidae), paras i to id of Phyl lonorycter load the following season. Mean fruit weight, blancardella (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) fruit firmness, and percentage of leaf nitrogen EVETEX. Ridgway, N.M. Mahr, D.L. Lanham, Md. : in August and September were affected by mite Entomological Society of America. Pholetesor injury on 'Bisbee Delicious,' whereas with ornigis (Weed) is capable of parasitizing 'Rome Beauty' soluble solids, fruit color, and tissue-feeding larvae (fourth and fifth percentage of leaf nitrogen in August were instars) as well as sap-feeding larvae (first, affected by mite injury. The only effect of the second, and third instars) of Phy 1 1 onorycter urea application after mite injury was a blancardella (F). In no-choice tests, similar reduction in red color of 'Bisbee Delicious.'. numbers of offspring were produced on Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 first-fourth instars but fewer on fifth (2). p. 552-556. Includes references. (NAL Call instars. In choice tests P. ornigis produced No. : DNAL 421 J822) similar numbers of offspring on first, second, and third instars, but fewer on fourth instars and none on fifth instars. In the field primarily sap-feeding larvae were available 0658 during the first three P. ornigis flight periods. However, tissue feeders were Effect of Aphis pomi (Homoptera: Aphididae) predominant during the partial density on apples. fourth-generation flight period. Environmental JEENAI. Hamilton, G.C. Swift, F.C.; Marini, R. entomology. Aug 1990. v. 19 (4). p. 1097-1102. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr QL461 . E532) 1986. V. 79 (2). p. 471-478. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0662 0659 Effect of late-season fenvalerate and f lucythrinate application on European red mite Effect of European red mite (Acari (Acari : Tetranychidae) and tufted apple bud Tetranychidae) injury on vegetative growth and moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations on flowering of four cultivars of apples. apple. EVETEX. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md. : JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Knight, A.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Effect of Entomological Society of America. Field studies European red mites (ERM), Panonychus ulmi were conducted from 1982 to 1984 to investigate (Koch), on nonbearing spur-type and standard the effects of selectively time applications of 'Delicious', 'Golden Delicious', and 'Stayman' the pyrethroids fenvalerate and f 1 ucythr i nate apple trees was compared over a 3-yr period. on control of tufted apple bud moth, Platynota Mite population levels ranged from ca. 0-2,000 idaeusalis (Walker), and density of mite-d, with each tree receiving about the same overwintering European red mite, Panonychus amount of mite-days each year. Shoot length, ulmi (Koch), eggs. The pyrethroids effectively leaf numbers, and trunk girth were little controlled tufted apple bud moth, especially affected by mite damage, but early defoliation during Brood II, with only two alternate occurred on 'Golden Delicious' and standard row-middle (ARM) applications in comparison 'Delicious'. Flowering was reduced on 'Golden with five ARM applications for standard Delicious' and 'Stayman', but not on either of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. the 'Delicious' types. In general, 'Delicious' However, effect of the pyrethroid applications appeared to be more tolerant of ERM damage. on the density of overwintering European red Environmental entomology. Apr 1987. v. 16 (2). mite eggs depended on timing and rate. p. 569-574. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Applications of pyrethroids before 23 and 16 DNAL QL461 . E532) August in 1983 and 1984, respectively, increased the density of overwintering European red mite eggs in comparison with organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. A four-fold increase in the rate of fenvalerate was followed by an approximate three-fold 91 . . , , . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) increase in overwintering European red mite egg pyri also had lower seasonal scores for density. Results suggested that selectively fungicide toxicity and fewer applications of timed applications of pyrethroids during Brood the acaricidal fungicide, Dikar (a mixture of II oviposition and egg hatch may be used to mancozeb and karathane), or the insecticide prevent fruit injury by tufted apple bud moth phosalone. In orchards with T. pyri, higher without causing an increase in the density of counts of the phytosei id were associated with overwintering European red mite eggs. Journal higher counts of apple rust mite, twospctted of economic entomology. Aug 1989. v. 82 (4). p. spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the 1174-1179. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: predacious stigmaeid mite, Zetzellia mal i DNAL 421 J822) (Ewing) as well as with applications of primicarb, dichlone, and metiram. Counts of T. pyri were reduced by higher total toxicity scores for fungicides and miticides. We 0663 conclude that prospects for biological control of European red mite are good if Effect of low temperatures on three embryonic organophosphate- res i stant T. pyri are released stages of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: in uncolonized orchards, and if growers use a Tortricidae) modified spray program to promote survival of JEENAI. Moffitt, H.R. Burditt, A.K. dr. Lanham, T. pyri and apple rust mite. The program should Md. Entomological Society of America. Based include use of dichlone and captan to control on mortality, the order of tolerance of three apple scab, Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., embryonic stages of codling moth, Cydia primicarb, az i nphosmethy 1 , or phosmet to pomonella (L.), eggs for temperatures near 0 control insects after bloom, and degrees C was red ring white blackhead. Red bacter i al /pyrethro i d mixtures rather than ring stage eggs were 1.5 times more tolerant of recommended rates of pyrethoids to control low temperature than were white stage eggs egg winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and 2.5 times more tolerant than blackhead stage leaf rollers. Journal of economic entomology. eggs. Thirty-six, to 42 d exposure was required Apr 1991. V. 84 (2). p. 570-580. Includes for complete mortality on mature Red Delicious' references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). or Golden Delicious' apples. Tolerance of low temperature was not affected by the apple variety used as the substrate for oviposition. Eggs deposited on a substrate other than 0665 apples, such an plastic film, were significantly more susceptible to the effects Effect of rosy apple aphid and spirea aphid of low temperature. Exposure to low ( Homoptera : Aphididae) on dry matter temperatures such as those commonly used for accumulation and carbohydrate concentration in short- or long-term fruit storage shows promise young apple trees. as an alternative to fumigation as a treatment JEENAI. Varn, M. Pfeiffer, D.G. Lanham, Md. for codling moth eggs on apples and pears after Entomological Society of America. One-year-old harvest. Journal of economic entomology. Oct apple trees grown in pots were artificially 1989. V. 82 (5). p. 1379-1381. Includes infested with either Dysaphis plantaginea references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). (Passerini) or Aphis spiraecola Patch. Feeding by D. plantaginea on 22-53% of the leaves on the tree significantly reduced accumulation of dry weight in all portions of the trees during 0664 the first season's growth. At the 10-leaf stage of the second season, dry weights of trees Effect of pesticide applications on abundance infested with D. plantaginea during the of European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and previous year were still significantly lower tryphlodormus pyri (Acari: Phytosei idae) in than those of control trees. A spiraecola did Nova Scot i an apple orchards. not reduce the accumulation of dry weight by JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Rogers, R.E.L.; Nyrop, the young trees. Journal of economic J. P.; Frisch, T. Lanham, Md . Entomological entomology. Apr 1989. v. 82 (2). p. 565-569. Society of America. Pesticide use and mite Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 counts were recorded in 38 apple orchards in J822) . 1985 and 46 orchards in 1986. Pesticides were scored on a scale from 1 (harmless) to 4 (harmful) according to their toxicity to the phytosei id mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten. 0666 Counts of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), were higher in orchards with higher Effect of spotted tent i form leaf miner injury on total insecticide scores and more applications ethylene production and ACC content in apple of certain insecticides ( az i nphosmethy 1 1 eaves cypermethr i , del i , F. Murr, D.P. n tamethr n , dimethoate, and HJHSA. Kappel Proctor, J.T.A.; pirimicarb) and fungicides (benomyl and Alexandria, Va . : American Society for captan). T. pyri were found in 26% of the Horticultural Science. Hor tSc i ence . June 1987. orchards surveyed in 1985 and 35% of those V. 22 (3). p. 469-471. Includes references. surveyed in 1986. Orchards with T. pyri bad (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). higher counts of apple rust mite, Aculus schl echtendal i (Nalepa), and were more likely to have had applications of the less toxic insecticides, pirimicarb and az i nphosmethy 1 than were the other orchards. Orchards with T. 92 ...... (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0667 comparable with that observed on controls. Oxamyl , methomyl , and esf enval erate were Effect of trap design, trap height, and habitat similar in providing excellent knockdown of on the capture of sap beetles (Coleoptera: cicadas; however, only treatment with Nitldulidae) using whole-wheat bread dough. esf enval erate resulted in a significant vJEENAI. Peng, C. Williams, R.N. Lanham, Md. : reduction in oviposition injury. Tree height, Entomological Society of America. Nine trap tree volume, number of scaffold limbs per tree designs were compared for capturing sap after pruning, and percentage of change in beetles: Lindgren funnel, Multi-Pher I, trunk cross-sectional area were significantly Skalbeck, Unitrap. Japanese beetle, liquid, and negatively correlated with the number of water pan, cone, and McPhail. The Lindgren oviposition scars per tree. When all costs funnel was most effective for Gl i schroch i 1 us associated with the use of insecticides for fasciatus (Olivier) and G. quadr i s i gnatus cicada control are considered, tubular netting (Say). The Lindgren funnel, Multi-Pher, is about 15% more expensive than chemical Skalbeck, moth, and liquid trap all caught control with handgun sprayer at all tree equal numbers of Carpophilus lugubris Murray. densities, but cheaper than control with The Skalbeck is recommended because of its low airblast sprayer at a tree density of 250 per i cost. G. fasciatus, G. quadr s i gnatus , and C. ha. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1990. lugubris flew to higher traps in apple orchards V. 83 (6). p. 2401-2404. ill. Includes than in open grassy areas. Journal of economic references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). entomology. Oct 1991. v. 84 (5). p. 1515-1519. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) 0670 Effects of constant photoperiods and 0668 temperatures on the hibernating life stages of the San Jose scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in Effect of tree fruit species on residual North Carol ina. activity of avermectin B1 to Tetranychus JESCEP. Rock, G.C. McClain, D.C. Tifton, Ga. : urticae and Panonychus ulmi. Georgia Entomological Society. Journal of JEENAI. Beers, E.H. Hoyt, S.C.; Burts, E.G. entomological science. Oct 1990. v. 25 (4). p. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. 615-621. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Field-aged residues of avermectin B1 on apple DNAL QL461 . G4 ) and pear foliage were bioassayed at intervals for activity against two mite species, European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)) and twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae 0671 Koch). Initial mortality was nearly 100% for both mite species on treated leaves of both Effects of experience on oviposition and tree species, and declined to 0-63% (1987) and attraction in Orosophila: comparing apples and 16-85% (1988) after 14 d. In both years, the oranges mortality on treated apple foliage declined AMNTA. Hoffmann, A. A. Chicago, 111. more quickly than that on pear. The main effect University of Chicago Press. The American of tree species was significant at 1, 3, 7, and naturalist. July 1985. v. 126 (1). p. 41-51. 14 d after treatment in 1987, and at 7 and 14 d Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 470 after treatment in 1988. The main effect of AM36) mite species on mortality was not significant 3 d after treatment. Observed differences in field trial performance of avermectin B1 were apparently caused by differences inherent 0672 between apple and pear rather than the mite species that normally infest them. Journal of Effects of field applications of paraquat on economic entomology. June 1990. v. 83 (3). p. densities of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and 961-964. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman). DNAL 421 J822) Pfeiffer, D.G. Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society. Journal of agricultural entomology. Oct 1986. v. 3 (4). p. 322-325. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB599.J69). 0669 Effects and control of periodical cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae) oviposit ion injury on 0673 nonbearing apple trees. JEENAI. Hogmire, H.W. Baugher, T.A.; Crim, Effects of food, strain, and sex on estimating V.L.; Walter, S.I. Lanham, Md. : Entomological thermal requirements for nondiapause larval and Society of America. Four netting and five pupal development of tufted apple bud moth insecticide treatments were evaluated for the (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) protection of nonbearing apple trees from EVETEX. Mawby, W.D. Rock, G.C. College Park. periodical cicada. Magi cicada septendecim (L.), Md. Entomological Society of America. oviposition injury. A green, tubular, 1-cm-mesh Environmental entomology. Feb 1986. v. 15 (1). netting excluded cicadas and was the most p. 210-215. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: effective treatment. Netting of larger mesh DNAL 0L461 . E532) sizes permitted entry and oviposition injury 93 ...... (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0674 greatest number of P. flavedana. Trap heights of 1.2, 2.1, and 3.0 m caught the greateest The effects of ground cover manipulations on number of P. idaeusalis (Walker) moths. The pest and predator mite populations on apple in outs i de- the-canopy trap position captured more Eastern New York. P. flavedana moths, whereas the w i th i n-canopy NYFSB. Smith, G.D. Stiles. W.C.; Weires, R.W. trap location caught the greatest number of P. Geneva, N.Y. : New York (State), Agricultural idaeusalis moths. Traps placed in the west Experiment Station, Geneva. New York's food and portion of the tree captured the greatest life sciences bulletin. 1989. (128). 4 p. number of P. flavedana moths. P. idaeusalis Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL moth catches were not influenced by compass S95. E22) quadrants. Environmental entomology. Feb 1989. V. 18. p. 145-149. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). 0675 Effects of host plants on the toxicity of 0677 azinphosmethyl to susceptible and resistant light brown apple moth ( Lepidoptera: Effects of tufted apple budmoth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Tortricidae) injury on quality and JEENAI. Robertson, J.L. Armstrong, K.F.; storageabi 1 i ty of processing apples. Suckling, D.M.; Preisler, H.K. Lanham, Md. : JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Rajotte, E.G. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Responses of Entomological Society of America. Journal of resistant and susceptible strains of light economic entomology. Dec 1988. v. 81 (6). p. brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana 1721-1736. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: (Walker), to azinphosmethyl varied DNAL 421 J822) significantly depending upon the diet that larvae consumed. Responses of resistant larvae reared on blackberry and susceptible larvae reared on artificial (general purpose) diet 0678 were similar. Susceptible larvae on artificial diet were significantly more tolerant compared Efficacy of formulated baits for control of with susceptible larvae fed any of the natural Argentine ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). host plants, whereas resistant larvae reared on JEENAI. Knight, R.L. Rust, M.K. Lanham. Md. : blackberry were significantly less resistant Entomological Society of America. We developed than resistant larvae reared on any other diet. a laboratory method to determine the potential Activity of nonspecific esterases of resistant efficacy of baits formulated for control of the larvae fed blackberry was significantly lower Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr). than activities in resistant larvae fed general Possible effects as insect growth regulators purpose diet, gorse, apple, or broom, and not were not examined. Of the 10 formulated baits significantly different from nonspecific tested, only mirex applied to granulated esterase activities of susceptible larvae silkworm pupae had delayed toxicity. reared on general purpose diet, gorse, apple, Hydramethy 1 non applied to granulated silkworm blackberry, or broom. In the presence of high pupae also provided excellent kill of workers glutathione S- transferase activity that but did not exhibit delayed toxicity. In field characterized all resistant larvae regardless tests, this bait provided faster control than of diet, depressed nonspecific esterase did a chemical barrier of granular diazinon. activity may be responsible for increased Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1991. v. 84 toxicity of azinphosmethyl to resistant larvae (2). p. 510-514. Includes references. (NAL Call on blackberry. In resistant strains of other No. : DNAL 421 J822) . polyphagous species, responses of individuals tested with pesticide may reflect metabolic effects related to the host plant rather than to the magnitude of genetically based 0679 resistance to the pesticide. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1990. v. 83 (6). p. Epigeal arthropods as predators of mature 2124-2129. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: larvae and pupae of the apple maggot (Oiptera: DNAL 421 J822 ) Tephri tidae) EVETEX. Allen, W.R. Hagley, E.A.C. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Apr 1990. v. 19 (2). 0676 p. 309-312. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461 . E532) Effects of pheromone trap design, placement, and pheromone dispenser and load on male Platynota flavedana and P. idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) catches in Virginia 0680 apple orchards. EVETEX. David, P.d. Horsburgh, R.L. Lanham, Md European earwigs (Dermaptera: Forf icul idae) Entomological Society of America. The fail to control apple aphids on bearing apple Pherocon 1C trap baited with a rubber septum trees and woolly apple aphids (Homoptera: impregnated with 2.5 mg pheromone captured the Aphididae) in apple rootstock stool beds. greatest number of Platynota flavedana Clemens JEENAI. Carroll, D.P. Walker, J.T.S.; Hoyt. moths. Traps hung at 2.1 and 3.0 m captured the S.C. College Park, Md. Entomological Society 94 . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) i of America. Journal of economic entomology. Aug western obi i quebanded leafroller, Chor stoneura 1985. V. 78 (4). p. 972-974. Includes rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). sex pheromone were assessed in British Columbia, using seasonal trap catches of quebanded leafroller ratio of obi i and the obi iquebanded leafroller to Archips rosanus 0681 (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). A four-component blend containing Z11-14:0Ac, Evaluation of a methyl bromide quarantine E11-14:0Ac, Z11-14:ALD, and Z11-14:0H in a treatment to control codling moth ( Lepidoptera: 100:2:1:0.75 ratio captured the greatest number nectarine cultivars proposed obi and had a degree Tortricidae) on of i quebanded leafrollers for export to Japan. of trap specificity. In addition, differences JEENAI. Yokoyama, V.Y. Miller, G.T.; Hartsel 1 in trap captures and the degree of trap P.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of specificity also were assessed for eastern America. Our experiments showed that testing (Quebec) and western (British Columbia) required by regulatory agencies to demonstrate populations of ob 1 i quebanded leafroller. the efficacy of a quarantine treatment using 48 Comparisons were made using three different g/m3 methyl bromide for 2 h at 21 degrees C or blends composed of either three or four above and 50% load was unnecessary to control components of the obi iquebanded leafroller sex codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), on every pheromone with the ratios 100:2:1:1.5, nectarine cultivar proposed for export to 100:5:0:5, and 100:2.5:0:2.5 of Z11-14:0Ac, i i Japan. Ov i pos t onal tests for codling moth on E11-14:0Ac, Z11-14:ALD, and Z11-14:0H. In nine nectarine cultivars showed no differences British Columbia, the four-component blend in acceptability among cultivars that might (100:2:1:1.5) captured the greatest number of cause higher populations in harvested fruit and obi iquebanded leafrollers and had a high degree affect quarantine security levels. Measurements of trap specificity. In Quebec, no differences of egg chorion and fruit cuticle showed that in trap captures among the blends were codling moth eggs were not affected by observed. These results suggest that different nectarine cultivars and other fruit qualitative differences may exist between the substrates. No differences that would reduce sex pheromone of eastern and western the efficacy of the methyl bromide quarantine populations of obi iquebanded leafroller and treatment were found in codling moth mortality indicate the need for considering regional to methyl bromide fumigation in dose-response differences when monitoring obi iquebanded tests on different substrates, including leafroller with commercial synthetic pheromone nectarine, peach, plum, and apple cultivars and blends. Environmental entomology. June 1991. v. waxed paper. A confirmatory test resulted in 20 (3). p. 935-938. Includes references. (NAL 100% mortality of 27,174 1-d-old codling moth Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). eggs. The true survival proportion based on all confirmatory tests was less than or equal to 20 per 1 million at the 95% CL. A concentration X time product of (average +/- SD) 68.0 +/- 3.0 0884 g.h/m3 methyl bromide was considered a useful measurement to help maintain treatment security Experiments on the release of a strain of the for control of codling moth on all nectarine predatory mite Metaseiulus occidental is Nesbitt cultivars. Journal of economic entomology. Apr resistant to organophosphorus preparations In 1990. V. 83 (2). p. 466-471. Includes Crimean agrocenoses (Pest of the red apple mite references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Panonychus ulmi). 1 Z i ' berm i nts , I.V. Kuznetsov, N.N.; Petrushov, A.Z.; Fadeev, YU.N. New York, Allerton Press. Soviet agriculture sciences. 1978. 1978. (8). 0682 p. 18-20. ill. 5 ref. (NAL Call No.: S1.S68). Evaluation of the tree- row-volume model for fun -season pesticide application on apples. PLDIDE. Sutton, T.B. Unrath, C.R. St. Paul, 0685 Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. July 1988. v. 72 (7). p. Factors Influencing release of host-marking 629-632. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: pheromone by Rhagoletis pomonella flies. DNAL 1.9 P69P). JCECD. Averill, A.L. Prokopy, R.J. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press. Journal of chemical ecology. Jan 1988. v. 14 (1). p. 95-111. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0683 QD415.A1 J6) Evidence for regional differences in the response of obi iquebanded leaf roller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to sex pheromone 0686 blends. EVETEX. Thomson, D.R. Angerilli, N.P.D.; Fall migration, hibernation site selection, and Vincent, C; Gaunce, A. P. Lanham, Md. associated winter mortality of plum curculio Entomological Society of America. Trap captures (Coleoptera: Curcul ionidae) in a Quebec Apple and species-specific responses (trap orchard. specificity) with four different blends JEENAI. Lafleur, G. Hill. S.B.; Vincent, C. composed of four components of synthetic Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. 95 . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) In fall, greater than 5,000 labeled (65Zn) 0689 adult plum curcul io (PC), Conotrachel us nenuphar (Herbst), were released in two Feeding behavior of the winter-form pear orchards, two woodlots, and 16 microplots in a psylla, Psylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae), plowed field. From orchards, most PC migrated on reproductive and transitory host plants. toward high tree silhouettes at the edge of EVETEX. Ullman, D.E. McLean, D.L. College Park, woodlots unless they occurred to the north. Md. Entomological Society of America. A Most PC (83%) released within woodlots, with no comparison was made of the probing behavior of directional differences in tree silhousette, reproduct i vel y diapausing winter-form pear migrated south. Migration was influenced by psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster (Homoptera: woodlots, with no directional differences in Psyllidae), given access to leaves of Pyrus tree silhouette, migrated south. Migration was communis cv. Winter Nell is (pear, the sole influenced by woodlot type and direction. Where reproductive host) and Prunus persica cv. woodlots had a thin litter layer, PC remained Level 1 (peach, a transitory host on which at the edge or returned to the orchard. In a psylla do not reproduce). Winter-form pear field choice experiment, hibernating PC were psylla ingested predominantly from the phloem, recovered in thick litter (86%) and orchard xylem, and spongy parenchyma cells of pear and turf (14%) plots, whereas none were found in peach leaves. The elapsed time to first probe gravel and thin litter layer plots. In field was significantly longer when insects were conditions, most PC hibernated within the given access to peach than when given access to litter layer; very few (less than 1%) pear, yet the mean proportion of total probe penetrated the soil. Survival was related to time spent ingesting when various peach and preferred microhabitat type. Speed of pear leaf cell types were probed did not differ dispersion was highest just after release in significantly, withthe exception of spongy early September (3 m per insect per day) and parenchyma cells. These results suggest that close to zero by mid-October. Females dispersed preprobe stimuli mediate discrimination between further than males. A pathogenic fungus and reproductive and transitory host plants by bacterium were isolated from diseased PC. winter-form psylla. The possible sensory Nontarget organisms contaminated with 65Zn mechanisms underlying host acceptance and included spiders, slugs, earthworms, and birds. discrimination between leaf cell types by Implications for control and future research winter-form pear psylla, as well as the are discussed. Journal of economic entomology. epidemiological implications of these data for Dec 1987. v. 80 (6). p. 1152-1172. maps. pear decline, are discussed. Environmental Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 entomology. Aug 1988. v. 17 (4). p. 675-678. J822) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 . E532) . 0687 0690 Fall migration, hibernation site selection, and associated winter mortality of plum curcul io Feeding by Medetera species (Oiptera: (Coleoptera: Curcul ion idae) in a Quebec apple dol ichopodidae) on aphids and eriophyid mites orchard on apple, Malus domestica (Rosaceae). JEENAI. Lafleur, G. Hill, S.B.; Vincent, C. PESWA. Rathman, R.J. Brunner, J.F.; Hulbert, College Park, Md. Entomological Society of S.J. Washington, D.C. : The Society. America. Journal of economic entomology. Dec Proceedings of the Entomological Society of 1987. V. 80 (6). p. 1152-1172. maps. Includes Washington. Oct. 1988. v. 90 (4). p. 510-512. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 W27). 0688 0691 Feeding behavior of pear psylla (Homoptera: Feeding, longevity, and development of pear Psyllidae) nymphs on susceptible and resistant psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) nymphs on Pyrus germplasm. resistant and susceptible pear genotypes. JEENAI. Butt, B.A. Stuart, L.C.; Bell, R.L. JEENAI. Butt, B.A. Stuart, L.C; Bell, R.L. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. America. In laboratory studies, pear psylla, One-day-old first-instar pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), readily fed on Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were placed on 'Bartlett, 'Seckel.' and 'Monterrey' pear 'Bartlett' (susceptible), NY10352 (moderately (Pyrus spp.).0n known psy 1 1 a- res i stant resistant), and 'Bradford^ (resistant) pear genotypes, 'NY10352,' 'NY10355.' and (Pyrus spp.) genotypes. Psylla nymphs fed and 'Bradford,' psylla probed frequently and moved developed readily on 'Bartlett' but fed little, about, but either left the plant or died after developed slowly, and did not reach the fifth little feeding. Results of these behavioral stadium on 'Bradford.' Psylla feeding on studies indicate that susceptible and resistant NY10352 resulted in an extremely extended genotypes can be readily distinguished in a development time, with very few reaching the 24-h bioassay. Journal of economic entomology. adult stage. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1988. V. 81 (5). p. 1394-1397. Includes Apr 1989. V. 82 (2). p. 458-461. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 96 s . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0692 0694 Fenoxycarb and diapause: a possible method of Fitness and immigration: factors affecting control for pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae). reversion of organotin resistance in the vJEENAI. Krysan, J.L. Lanham, Md. twospotted spider mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) Entomological Society of America. That analogs JEENAI. Flexner, J.L. Theiling, K.M.; Croft, or mimics of insect juvenile hormones could be B.A.; Westigard, P.H. Lanham, Md used to control insects by disrupting their Entomological Society of America. Reversion of diapause, thus uncoupling the target insects resistance to the organotin acaricide cyhexatin from the seasonal cycles of their environment, was documented for the twospotted spider mite, was once considered a promising possibility for Tetranychus urticae (Koch), by laboratory insect management. The animals would die during isolation of a f i el d- res i stant colony collected an inimical period because survival mechanisms from Oregon pears in May 1983. Fitness studies are lacking. However, laboratory studies were conducted in 1985 and 1986 on susceptible revealed no promising model system and the and resistant colonies of T. urticae. concept languished. I found that the Susceptible colonies had significantly shorter reproductive diapause of pear psylla, developmental times and higher percentage Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Homoptera: survival (egg to adult) than resistant Psyllidae), was terminated by topical colonies. Fitness differences appeared to application of as little as 1 ng per insect of influence resistance reversion in the fenoxycarb, a carbamate that mimics juvenile laboratory. The effect of immigration on hormone. Seasonally inappropriate ovarian organotin resistance also was investigated. A development and mating began when fenoxycarb laboratory immigration dilution experiment was applied to the foliage upon which adults revealed that dilution of resistance at a rate fed and rested. The same effect was shown in of 1:100 and 1:10 (susceptible/resistant mites) field tests. Disruption of diapause with allowed a moderately resistant colony to revert juvenoids may still be a viable strategy for to susceptibility in approximately three insect pest management. Journal of economic generations. After six generations, a resistant entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 (2). p. 293-299. check colony also had reverted to Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 susceptibility. These data suggest that both J822) . fitness and immigration may affect reversion of organotin resistance in populations of T. urticae from southern Oregon pears. Journal of economic entomology. Aug 1989. v. 82 (4). p. 0693 996-1002. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Field survey and laboratory evaluation of the predator complex of Lygus lineolaris and Lygocoris communis (Hemiptera: Miridae) in apple orchards. 0695 JEENAI. Arnoldi, D. Stewart, R.K.; Boivin, G. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Five years research and experience with control The predator complex of the tarnished plant of the dogwood borer and related burr knot bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), problems. and Lygocoris communis (Knight) in an apple CFRTA. Weires, R. East Lansing, Mich. ; orchard was determined by screening 30 International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. potential predators. Laboratory feeding trials Compact fruit tree. 1986. v. 19. p. 86-89. and field monitoring were conducted for six Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 predatory arthropods that displayed >60% D96) . incidence of predation: Nabicula subcol eoptrata Kirby (Hemiptera: Nabidae), Zelus socius Stal (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), Podisus macul i ventr i Say (Hemiptera: Pentatom i dae ) , Phymata 0696 pennsyl vanica Handlirsch (Hemiptera: Phymatidae), Philodromus praelustris Keyserling Flatheaded apple tree borer (Coleoptera: (Araneidae: Phi 1 odrom i dae ) , and Xysticus Buprestidae) in nursery-grown red maples: punctatus Keyserling (Araneidae: Thomisidae). phenology of emergence, treatment timing, and Daily consumption rates of Z. socius, P. response to stressed trees. pennsyl van i ca , N. subcol eoptrata , and P. Potter, D.A. Timmons, G.M.; Gordon, F.C. macu 1 i ventr i s were two to three L. lineolaris Washington, D.C. : Horticultural Research adults, whereas Z. socius and P. macul i ventr i Institute. Journal of environmental killed one to two adult L. communis. These horticulture. Mar 1988. v. 6 (1). p. 18-22. predators are all general ist feeders. P. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL macu 1 i ventr i s was the only predator present SB1 . J66) with L. lineolaris in May on apple trees. Journal of economic entomology. June 1991. v. 84 (3). p. 830-836. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) . 97 . . , . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0697 Environmental entomology. June 1986. v. 15 (3). p. 532-535. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Flight period and seasonal development of the DNAL QL46 1 . E532 ) . apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomone11a (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephri tidae) , in Oregon. AESAAI. Aliniazee, M.T. Westcott, R.L. College Park, Md. : The Society. Annals of the 0702 Entomological Society of America. Nov 1987. v. 80 (6). p. 823-828. Includes references. (NAL Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Cal 1 No. : DNAL 420 EN82) apples infested by codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JEENAI. Burditt, A.K. Jr. Hungate, F.P. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Codling 0698 moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) larvae reared on thinning apples were exposed to gamma radiation Foliar persistence and effect of fenoxycarb on at incremental doses up to 138 Gy (gray). Adult Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) emergence from pupae was reduced, and larval on apple. mortality increased as dose increased. At a JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Barrett, B.A.; Fajotte, E.G. dose of 39.2 Gy , emergence of normal adults Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. from irradiated younger larvae (first through Bioassays were conducted to examine the third instars) was reduced, and emergence of residual activity of the insect growth physically deformed adults increased. At higher regulator fenoxycarb, at two rates (20 and 40 doses, adult emergence was further reduced, the ppm), against eggs and late instars of the ratio of male to female emergence increased tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis significantly, and overall survival of larvae (Walker). Both rates of fenoxycarb showed very declined. Similar results were obtained for good larvicidal activity 3-4 wk after older larvae (third through fifth instars) application. Fenoxycarb had no effect on P. except that tbe doses required for comparable idaeusalis eggs. Field trials conducted over 2 effects were 10-25% higher than those for yr showed that fenoxycarb provided control of younger larvae. These data suggest that doses P. idaeusalis equivalent to conventional of 372 Gy would prevent first through third insecticides, but with fewer applications. instars from maturing and forming cocoons. Fenoxycarb did not affect integrated mite However, probit analysis showed that a dose of control, but indirect evidence suggested a 187 Gy or less gave quarantine security based possible detrimental effect on immatures of on preventing adult emergence from fruit Stethorus punctum (LeConte). Journal of infested by larvae. When an estimated 79,540 economic entomology. June 1991. v. 84 (3). p. nond i apaus i ng immature larvae infesting 965-970. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: thinning apples were exposed to approximately DNAL 421 J822) . 153 Gy, only 15,501 formed cocoons; of these, only 256 pupated and none emerged as adults. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (5). p. 1386-1390. Includes references. (NAL 0699 Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) . For the Utah apple maggot, a name change might be in order. UTSCB. Alston, D. Messina, F. Logan, Utah : The 0703 Station. Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. Summer 1990. v. 51 (2). p. Gas exchange characteristics of apple and peach 90-91. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 UT 1 F ) leaves infested by European red mite and twospotted spider mite. JOSHB. Mobley, K.N. Marini, R.P. Alexandria, Va. The Society. Greenhouse-grown 'Imperial 0700 Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and 'Redhaven' peach (Prunus persica Batsch.) trees Frui t -acceptance pattern of Rhagoletis were inoculated during the summer with three pomonella (Diptera: tephri tidae) flies from densities of European red mite (ERM) different geographic regions. (Panonychus ulmi Koch) and twospotted spider AESAAI. Prokopy, R.J. Kallet. C; Cooley, S.S. mite (TSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch). As ERM- College Park, Md. : The Society. Annals of the and TSM-days increased, net photosynthesis Entomological Society of America. Nov 1985. v. (Pn), transpiration (Tr), and total chlorophyll 78 (6). p. 799-803. Includes references. (NAL content (TCHL) of apple leaves decreased Call No.: DNAL 420 EN82 ) linearly. At similar densities, TSM was more damaging than ERM to apple leaf gas exchange. Water-use efficiency (WUE) of apple declined similarly with increasing mite-days for both 0701 mite species. Specific leaf weight (SLW) of apple increased with TSM-days. Pn, Tr, TCHL, Functional response of Orius insidiosus and WUE of peach declined linearly with (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to the European red increasing ERM- and TSM-days, and the rates of mite, Panonychus ulmi (Acari : Tetranychidae) decline were similar for both mite species. at different constant temperatures. Mites did not affect peach SLW. These results EVETEX. McCaffrey, J. P. Horsburgh, R.L. College indicate that greenhouse-grown peach is more Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. tolerant than apple to mite feeding. Journal of 98 . . : . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) the American Society for Horticultural Science. 0708 Sept 1990. V. 115 (5). p. 757-761. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Greenhouse study of the effects of three early-season pests on 19 apple selections. JEENAI. Goonewardene , H.F. Kwolek, W.F. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. 0704 Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1985. v. 78 (2). p. 366-370. Includes 10 references. (NAL Genetic analysis of dicofol resistance In two Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). populations of twospotted spider mite (Acarl Tetranychidae) from New York apple orchards. JEENAI. Rizzieri, D.A. Dennehy . T.J.; Glover, T.d. College Park, Md. Entomological Society 0709 of America. The genetics of dicofol resistance in two populations of Tetranychus urticae Growing conditions influence mite damage on (Koch) (Cohn R1 and Lament R2 ) was studied. apple and peach leaves. In both populations, the inheritance of HJHSA. Campbell, R.J. Mobley, K.N.; Marini. resistance was consistent with the hypothesis R.P. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for of control by one major, incompletely recessive Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1990 gene. No extranuclear effects were found but V. 25 (4). p. 445-448. Includes references. one minor modifying factors appeared to be (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) involved. An al lei ism study of the R1 and R2 populations revealed that the gene conferring resistance resides at the same locus in each resistant culture, or at two very closely 0710 linked loci. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1988. V. 81 (5). p. 1271-1276. Includes Growth reduction in nonbearing apple trees by references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). woolly apple aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on roots. JEENAI. Brown, M.W. Schmitt, J.J. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. The effect of 0705 root-feeding populations of woolly apple aphids, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), on newly Genetic structure of apple maggot fly (Diptera: planted, nonbearing apple trees in an orchard Tephritldae) populations. environment was studied. Roots of two-thirds of AESAAI. McPheron, B.A. Lanham, Md. : The the 351 'Red Delicious' study trees were Society. Annals of the Entomological Society of artificially infested with woolly apple aphids America. May 1990. v. 83 (3). p. 568-577. maps. from a laboratory colony in 1986, 1 mo after Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 planting. The artificial infestation resulted EN82) in 95% of the trees being infested (including controls), but did not produce more severe root infestations per tree than expected in natural infestations. The root infestation rating (mean 0706 = 0.35 on a scale of 0-1, SEM = 0.18) determined from destructive sampling of The geographic pattern of genetic one-third of the orchard after three growing differentiation between host associated seasons was not correlated with population populations of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: density above ground throughout the 3 yr of the Tephritldae) in the eastern United States and study. Root feeding marginally reduced branch Canada. growth in the first and third year after EVOLA. Feder, J.L. Chilcote, C.A.; Bush, G.L. infestation, crown length in the third year, Lawrence, Kan. : Society for the Study of and trunk diameter in the first and second Evolution. Evolution. May 1990. v. 44 (3). p. years. Crown length was significantly reduced 570-594. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call after 1 yr and trunk diameter was significantly No. : DNAL 443.8 EV62) reduced after 3 yr because of woolly apple aphid feeding on roots. Scion biomass also was significantly reduced by woolly apple aphid root feeding after 3 yr. We conclude that 0707 woolly apple aphid populations on roots have a slight, but significant, negative effect on The grape mealybug on pear. growth of young nonbearing apple trees in the PWHAA. Beers. E.H. Wenatchee, Wash. : The orchard environment. We also conclude that, Association. Proceedings - Washington State because of the lack of correlation between Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. woolly apple aphid populations aboveground and 193-195. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). on roots, sampling branch terminals and pruning scars yields no information on the density of woolly apple aphids on roots. Journal of economic entomology. Aug 1990. v. 83 (4). p. 1526-1530. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) . 99 . . . . ;. . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0711 0714 Head capsule widths as an indicator of the Host acceptance behavior of pear psylla larval instar of codling moth ( Lepidoptera: (Hotnoptera: PsylHdae) affected by plant Olethreutidae) species, host deprivation, habituation, and GRLEA. Weitzner, P. Whalon, M.E. East Lansing, egg 1 oad Mich. : Michigan Entomological Society. The AESAAI. Horton, D.R. Krysan, J.L. Lanham, Md. Great Lakes entomologist. Autumn 1987. v. 20 The Society. Annals of the Entomological (3). p. 147-150. Includes references. (NAL Call Society of America. Nov 1991. v. 84 (6). p. No. : DNAL 0L461 . M5 ) 612-627. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 EN82) 0712 0715 Hexythiazox resistance in a field population of European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Host-selection behavior differences between the apples. fruit fly sibling species Rhagoletis pomonella dEENAI. Reissig, W.H. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md. and Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephri tidae) Entomological Society of America. Laboratory AESAAI. Diehl, S.R. Prokopy, R.J. College Park, and field tests conducted from 1985 to 1989 Md. : The Society. Annals of the Entomological demonstrated that a population of European red Society of America. Jan 1986. v. 79 (i). p. mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in an apple 266-271. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: orchard in Pennsylvania had become highly DNAL 420 EN82) resistant to hexythiazox, a relatively new acaricide that is not registered for use on apples in the United States. A total of 20 treatments of hexythiazox had been applied to 0716 four different randomly selected trees throughout this 0.6-ha orchard during June and Host shifts of Chymomyza amoena (Diptera: July from 1983 to 1986. Each year, 4-20 Drosophi 1 idae) randomly selected trees were treated with two AMNAA. Band, H.T. Notre Dame, Ind. : University to five sprays of hexythiazox. In laboratory of Notre Dame. American midland naturalist. bioassays conducted in 1983 and 1989, mortality July 1988. V. 120 (1). p. 163-182. Includes of overwintering eggs, summer eggs, and larvae references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 410 M58 ) averaged <40% at concentrations of hexythiazox ranging from 32 to 10,000 ppm (AI). In contrast. >98% of these life stages of mites from a susceptible population of mites 0717 collected from a research orchard in New York were killed at hexythiazox concentrations of > Host Status of the apple maggot (Diptera: 100 ppm (AI) in laboratory tests. The mites Tephri tidae) in Colorado. from both the New York and Pennsylvania JEENAI. Kroening, M.K. Kondratieff, B . C . populations were susceptible in laboratory Nelson, E.E. Lanham, Md. Entomological bioassays to clofentezine (another new, Society of America. The apple maggot, chemically unrelated miticide which is also Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is present primarily active against mite eggs and larvae) throughout the major commercial fruit-growing despite the fact that 12 sprays of clofentezine counties (Mesa and Delta) of Colorado. A were applied to the Pennsylvania population trapping program was initiated in 1987 to from 1981 to 1986. Journal of economic evaluate the host status of the apple maggot in entomology. June 1991. v. 84 (3). p. 727-735. Colorado and to compare the efficacy of the Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 various trap types. No apple maggot adults were J822) . trapped in commercial apple orchard locations. Trap catches were low in abandoned apple orchard locations compared with trap catches in adjacent native hawthorn, Crataegus rivularis 0713 Nutt. No larvae or pupae were obtained from apple fruit collected from unsprayed abandoned Honey bee ( Hymenoptera : Apidae) foraging during orchards. At this time, it appears that the bloom in dimethoate-treated apple orchards. apple maggot has not successfully expanded its JEENAI. Danka, R.G. Collison, C.H.; Hull, L.A. host range to include apples in Colorado. Red College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of spheres baited with butyl hexanoate did not America. Journal of economic entomology. Oct trap more apple maggot adults than Pherocon AM 1985. V. 78 (5). p. 1042-1047. Includes traps in July, but baited spheres trapped more references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). adults than Pherocon AM traps in the months of August and September. Red baited spheres did not trap more adults than red unbaited spheres throughout the entire season. Journal of economic entomology. June 1989. v. 82 (3). p. 886-890. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 100 . , : . . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0718 v. 23 (3). p. 571-574. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) Hosts and habitats of paras i to Ids ( Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) implicated in biological control of apple aphid (Hotnoptera : Aphididae). EVETEX. Carroll, D.P. Hoyt. S.C. College Park. 0724 Md. : Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Dec 1986. v. 15 (6). Indiana commercial tree fruit spray schedules p. 1171-1178. ill. Includes references. (NAL 1986 / prepared by David L. Matthew ... et Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). al . . Matthew, David L. West Lafayette, IN Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University, 1986? . Abstract: This guide for 0719 commercial tree fruit growers includes 1986 Indiana tree fruit spray schedules and IMP 1991 commercial apple: insect, disease, and pesticide recommendations for apple, peach, weed control recommendations. cherry, pear and plum crops. It provides Patterson, M.G. Everest, J.W. Auburn, Ala. : information on mite, mouse and weed control, The Service. Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative growth regulators, chemical thinning, pesticide Extension Service, Auburn University. In handling, safety, and Integrated Pest subseries: Integrated Pest Management. Dec Management (IPM). 37 p. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: 1990. (11). 11 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL DNAL 275.29 In2Id no. 168). S544.3.A2C47) . 0725 0720 Industry involvement a must!. Impact of woolly apple aphid (Homoptera: WEFGA. Klassen, P. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Aphididae) on the growth of potted apple trees. Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Apr 1987. v. 107 JEENAI. Weber, D.C. Brown, M.W. College Park, (4). p. 56F-56G. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Aug 1988. v. 81 (4). p. 1170-1177. Includes references. (NAL Call No.:, DNAL 421 J822) 0726 Infestation of rootstocks by woolly apple aphid on weak or dead apple trees in North Carolina 0721 orchards Klimstra, D.E. Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina Impacts of the University of Connecticut Entomological Society. Journal of agricultural integrated pest management program for apples entomology. July 1985. v. 2 (3). p. 309-312. 1984-1987 /prepared by: Roger G. Adams, Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Lorraine M. Los. SB599. J69) Adams, Roger G. Los, Lorraine M. Connecticut : Cooperative Extension System, University of Connecticut, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1990? . Cover title.- "90-22.". 24 0727 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB608.A6A33 1990). Influence of food, age, and mating on production of fertile eggs by Japanese beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) JEENAI. Ladd, T.L. Jr. College Park, Md. : 0722 Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Feb 1987. v. 80 (1). p. Incidence of spirea aphid (Homoptera: 93-95. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Aphididae) in apple orchards in Virginia, West 421 J822). Virginia, and Maryland. JESCEP. Pfeiffer. D.G. Brown, M.W.; Varn, M.W. Tifton, Ga. : The Entomological Science Society. Journal of entomological science. Jan 0728 1989. V. 24 (1). p. 145-149. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.G4). Influence of food on development, survival, Fecundity, longevity, and sex ratio of Gl i schrochi lus quadri sgnatus (Coleoptera: Nitidul idae) 0723 EVETEX. Peng. C.W. Williams, R.N. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Food source Incorporating fruit set estimates with thrips had a significant effect on development time of i 1 i management to create a decision support system Gl schrochi us quadr s i gnatus (Say) from for apples. neonate larva to adult, with the shortest mean H JHSA . DeGrandi -Hoffman, G. Terry, I.; Huber developmental time of 41.2 d on R.T. Alexandria, Va . American Society for multiple-species rearing diet (MSRD) and Horticultural Science. HortScience. June 1988. longest mean of 63.4 d on sap beetle diet 101 . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) (SBD). Pupae that developed on MSRD were sp., A. me 1 anost i ctus Compere, Coccobius sp., heaviest, followed by those on SBD, apple Coccophago i des murtfeldtae (Howard), E. (Malus domestica Borkh), and tomato aurantii (Howard), E. perniciosi (Tower), ( Lycopers 1 con esculentum Mill.). Percentage Marietta carnesi (Howard), and M. mexicana survival from neonate larva to adult differed (Howard). Black traps attracted significantly significantly among food sources. Survival to more C. murtfeldtae and Encarsia sp. adult was highest on MSRD. Females fed on MSRD, ( endoparas i t i c species) than did other colors, SBD, and apple produced significantly more eggs suggesting a response to the contrast between than on tomato. Beetles survived significantly the bark and foliage of the tree. Yellow and longer on MSRD and apple than on SBD. Highest black traps attracted significantly more A. mortality occurred on tomato. The adult sex diaspidis, an ectoparas i t i c species, than white ratio on both artificial diets conformed to a traps at both orchards in 1987. Colored traps 1:1 ratio. However, on natural foods, males baited with San Jose scale pheromone attracted were significantly more abundant than females. significantly more E. perniciosi, an G. quadr i s i gnatus reared on any food resulted endoparas i t i c species, than colored traps in population increases of from 20.0- to without San Jose scale pheromone. This 71.3-fold after each generation. MSRD proved to indicates that San Jose scale pheromone is a be the most suitable food for rearing G. kairomone for the parasitoid. In comparisons quadr i s gnatus . Environmental entomology. Feb with colored baited with pheromone, i traps black 1991. V. 20 (1). p. 205-210. Includes traps attracted significantly more E. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). perniciosi than did yellow or white traps in the unsprayed apple orchard in 1987. This suggests an interaction between olfactory and visual cues in host location by this species. 0729 Environmental entomology. Aug 1990. v. 19 (4). p. 926-931. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: The Influence of native habitat on arthropods DNAL 0L461 . E532) colonizing apple: an overview. WSEPA. Rathman, R.J. Pullman, Wash. : The Society. Proceedings of the Washington State Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 0732 and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Washington. 1988. (50). p. 864-865. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Inhibition of aggregation behavior in the green 0L461.W3). June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by antibiotic treatment of food substrate. EVETEX. Domek, J.M. Johnson, D.T. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. A trapping 0730 study using a Latin-cube design was conducted in an apple variety block in 1987 to determine Influence of temperature on the ovlposi tlonal the effect of microorganisms on the attraction biology of the redbanded leaf roller and tufted of green June beetles Cotinis nitida (L.) apple bud moth ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to fruit. Baffle and JESCEP. Rock, G.C. Stinner, R.E. Tifton, Ga. funnel traps baited with male beetles fed Georgia Entomological Society. Journal of nystat i n- treated peach puree diet caught entomological science. Apr 1990. v. 25 (2). p. significantly fewer beetles than beetles fed 277-283. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: untreated peach puree, DNAL QL461 .G4) streptomyc i n-pen i c i 1 1 in-treated puree, streptomyc in-penici 1 1 in-nystatin-treated puree, 20% untreated glucose diet, and beetles caged with diet but prevented from feeding (P < 0731 0.05). In 1988 a study was conducted in a vineyard using the same traps and a similar Influence of trap color and San Jose scale experimental design. Traps baited with beetles (Homoptera: Diaspididae) pheromone on sticky fed nystat i n- treated diet caught significantly trap catches of 10 aphelinid parasitoids fewer beetles than traps baited with beetles ( Hymenoptera ) fed untreated puree and beetles caged with EVETEX. McClain, D.C. Rock, G.C; Woolley, J.B. untreated puree but prevented from feeding. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Traps baited with beetles fed untreated puree The influence of trap color and a combination again caught significantly more beetles than of trap color plus San Jose scale, all other treatments (P < 0.05). These results Quadrasp i d i otus pernlciosus (Comstock), sex suggest that yeasts contained in diet, and pheromone on sticky trap catches of aphelinid possibly in beetle digestive tracts, parasitoids of the San Jose scale was studied contributed significantly to the production of in an unsprayed apple orchard in Johnston volatiles. which induce beetle aggregations on County, N.C., in 1986 and 1987, and a sprayed fruit. Environmental entomology. Aug 1990. v. commercial peach orchard in Nash County, N.C., 19 (4). p. 995-1000. Includes references. (NAL in 1987. The responses of parasitoids to five Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). enamel paints were compared in 1986, and similar responses to three enamel paints with and without the San Jose scale pheromone were compared in 1987. The adult parasitoids (3,958 total) collected on the traps represented ten aphelinid species. Ablerus clisiocampae (Ashmead), Aphytis diaspidis (Howard), Encarsia 102 . : 1. . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0733 could be managed by strategies similar to those used for pyrethroids, i.e., modification of Insect answers: Apple-and- thorn skeletonlzer spray timing to coincide with the presence of WUEXA. Suomi, D. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. early larval stages, or by restricted use. Extension bulletin - Washington State Where use was restricted for 3 yr after University, Cooperative Extension Service. July resistance was detected, resistance to methomyl 1986. (1384). 2 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL declined from 9-fold to approximately 4.5-fold. 275.29 W27P) Journal of economic entomology. June 1990. v. 83 (3). p. 678-685. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) . 0734 Insect answers: Pear slug. 0737 WUEXA. Antonel 1 i , A. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington State Insecticides. University, Cooperative Extension Service. Mar MUCBA. Howitt, A.J. East Lansing, Mich. : The 1986. (1369). 2 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative 275.29 W27P) Extension Service, Michigan State University. In series analytic: 1989 fruit spraying calendar / edited by A.L. Jones, A.J. Howitt, and J. Hull. Nov 1988. (154). p. 9-13. (NAL 0735 Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B). Insect answers: The codling moth. WUEXA. Retan, A.H. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension Bulletin - Washington State 0738 University, Cooperative Extension Service. May 1985. (1264, rev.). 2 p. ill. Includes 1 Insects associated with apple in the references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). mid-Atlantic states. NYFSB. Brown, M.W. Adler, C.R.L.; Weires, R.W. Geneva, N.Y. : New York (State), Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. New York's food and 0736 life sciences bulletin. 1988. (124). 31 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Insecticide resistance in spotted tentiform S95. E22) leafminer ( Lepidoptera: Graci 1 larl idae) mechanisms and management. JEENAI. Pree, D.J. Archibald, D.E.; Cole, K.J. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. 0739 Resistance to organophosphorous insecticides, pyrethroids, and methomyl occurred in Integrated mite control in New York apple populations of spotted tentiform leafminer, orchards Phy 1 1 onorycter blancardella (F.), from southern Nyrop, J. Batavia, N.Y. Agricultural Div. of Ontario. Resistance to organophosphorous Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, insecticides occurred in all populations from N.Y. State. Ag impact. Apr 1987. p. 10, 12. commercial orchards. Resistance appeared to be ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N7A45 ) . due to an insensitive target acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Addition of several types of synergists to az i nphosmethy solutions did not affect toxicity. Resistance 0740 to methomyl appeared to be partially due to enhanced metabolism by aliesterases and Integration of biological and chemical control partially to reduced inhibition of AChE. tactics for apple pests through selective Selection for methomyl resistance was separate timing and choice of synthetic pyrethroid from resistance to organophosphorous i nsecticides insecticides. Increased activity of glutathione JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Beers, E.H.; Meagher, R.L. S- transferases was not implicated in resistance Jr. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society to either organophosphorous insecticides or of America. Journal of economic entomology. methomyl. With current pest control practices, June 1985. v. 78 (3). p. 715-721. ill. Includes management of resistance to organophosphorous references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). insecticides is not feasible in Ontario apple orchards. Resistant populations are regularly subjected to selection pressure by organophosphorous insecticides applied for 0741 control of other orchard pests. Pyrethroid resistance has been managed by modifications in Interaction of weeds and apple pests. the timing of applications to coincide with a NEMFA. Col i , W.M. Ciurlino, R. North Amherst, predominance of the most sensitive life stages. Mass. : The Association. New England fruit Use of this strategy over three seasons has not meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual resulted in detectably higher levels of meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' resistance. Resistance to methomyl was Association. Meeting held January 31-February relatively rare compared with organophosphorous 1, 1990. 1990. V. 96. p. 52-58. (NAL Call No.: or pyrethroid resistance. Methomyl resistance DNAL 81 M384) 103 ...... ,. (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0742 (Lepidoptera: Grac 1 1 1 ar i i dar ) , and two of its parasitoids, Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) Investigations into the biochemical basis of ( Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and Sympiesis azi nphosmethyl resistance in the light brown mary 1 andens 1 s Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana ( Lepidoptera: in the laboratory. One-year-old Malus domestica Tortricidae) Borkh. 'Mailing 7' clonal rootstocks were grown PCBP8. Armstrong, K.F. Suckling, D.M. Duluth, in a greenhouse and then infested with Minn. : Academic Press. Pesticide biochemistry leafminers. Trees were held at 23 degrees C in and physiology. Sept 1988. v. 32 (1). p. 62-73. a control 1 ed-temperature chamber until larvae ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL reached the desired stages for parasitoid SB951 . P49) . oviposition. Time from leafminer oviposition to first, second, third, fourth, and fifth instar larva was 7, 10, 13, 15, and 18 d, respectively. Development time from oviposition 0743 to adult emergence was 28.3, 20.5, and 9.6 d for males of Phy 1 1 onorycter bl ancardel 1 a Labeling tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera: Pholetesor ornigis, and S. mary 1 andens i s Tortricidae) with rubidium: effect on Development time for females was 29.1, 21.3, development, longevity, and fecundity. and 10.9 d, respectively. Journal of economic AESAAI. Knight, A.L. Hull, L.A.; Rajotte, E.G.; entomology. Feb 1989. v. 82 (1). p. 319-321. Fleischer, S.J. Lanham, Md. The Society. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 421 J822). July 1989. V. 82 (4). p. 481-485. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 EN82). 0746 0744 Laboratory study of mating behavior as related to diapause in overwintering Cacopsylla Laboratory and field studies of resistance of pyrlcola (Homoptera: Psyllidae). crab apple clones to Rhagoletis pomonella EVETEX. Krysan, J.L. Lanham, Md (Oiptera: Tephri tidae) Entomological Society of America. Mating EVETEX. Reissig, W.H. Brown, S.K.; Lamb, R.C.; activity of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyrlcola Cummins, J.N. Lanham, Md. Entomological (Foerster), with emphasis on the Society of America. Oviposition and larval morphologically distinctive overwintering survival of Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) varied winterform generation, was characterized in the significantly among fruit from 25 crab apple laboratory. Generally, one spermatophore was species and clones evaluated in field and passed per copulation. Presence of light, size laboratory studies. In general, the relative of the mating arena, and the number of leaves oviposition preference and larval survival was in the arena affected mating frequency; the similar in fruit infested naturally in the highest mean frequency observed was 9.18 field and fruit tested in the laboratory. Flies matings per 24 h. Diapausing psylla males, oviposited more in clones with larger fruit, after being conditioned under long photoperiod although this relationship was more pronounced (16:8 L:D ), mated significantly more often in laboratory tests when fruit was infested by than those conditioned under a photoperiod of laboratory-reared flies than in fruit infested 12:12 or 10:14 (L:D). The photoperiodic ' in the field by wild flies A 1 denhamens 1 s , experience of the female did not affect mating Fuji,' Vilmorin,' Malus zumi calocarpa Rehd., frequency. Visual observation of behavior and M. hupehensis (Pamp) Rehd. fruit was not revealed that the winterform males conditioned infested in the field, but flies oviposited in under short days made as many sexual advances fruit of all 25 species and clones in choice as winterform males conditioned under long tests in the laboratory. Eggs hatched but days, but diapuase males were rejected by the larvae did not survive in fruit of Henry F. females. Pairings of winterform females with , DuPont,' Fret t i ngham ' Fuji,' Sparkler,' M. summerform males had significantly fewer hupehensis, and M. zumi calocarpa. Larval inseminations compared with pairings involving mortality was very high in fruit from the same seasonal forms; there is a behavioral Vilmorin,' Sparkler,' NA 40298,' Henrietta barrier to mating between the generations. Crosby,' Golden Gem,' Almey,' M. baccata L. Environmental entomology. June 1990. v. 19 (3). (Borkh.), and M. sikkimensis (Hook.) Koehne. p. 551-557. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Environmental entomology. June 1990. v. 19 (3). DNAL 0L461 . E532) p. 565-572. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461 . E532) . 0747 0745 Larger egg clutches following host deprivation in colonized Ceratltis capltata (Diptera: Laboratory methods for rearing spotted Tephri tidae) tent 1 form leafminer (Lepidoptera: JEENAI. McDonald, P.T. College Park. Md. : Graci 1 larl Idae) and two of Its parasitoids. Entomological Society of America. Journal of JEENAI. Ridgway, N.M. Mahr , D.L. Lanham, Md economic entomology. Apr 1986. v. 79 (2). p. Entomological Society of America. Methods are 392-394. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: described for rearing spotted tentiform DNAL 421 J822). leafminer, Phy 1 1 onorycter blancardella (F.) 104 . . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0748 0752 The latest chapter in the continuing saga of Location and survival of pear psyl la eggs on the pear psyl la. pear budwood. PWHAA . Burts, E. Wenatchee, Wash. : The WSEPA. Horton, D.R. Pullman, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Society. Proceedings of the Washington State Horticultural Association. 1987. (83rd). p. Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 197-199. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Washington. 1988. (50). p. 865-866. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 .W3) 0749 Leaf burial by the earthworm, Lumbricus 0753 terrestris (01 igochaeta: Lumbricidae) , as a major factor in the population dynamics of Longevity of apple maggot (Oiptera: Phyl lonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Tephritidae) lures under laboratory and field Graci 1 1ari idae) and its parasites. conditions in Utah. EVETEX. Laing, J.E. Heraty, J.M.; Corrigan, EVETEX. Jones, V.P. College Park, Md. : J.E. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society Entomological Society of America. The of America. Environmental entomology. Apr 1986. longevities of five commerical lures and one V. 15 (2). p. 321-326. ill. Includes experimental lure for apple maggot were references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). determined in laboratory and field tests in Utah. The Pherocon AM panel exhibited a reduced fly capture efficiency when aged for 9 d before use, which correlated well with the 5-d 0750 longevity observed in laboratory tests. The apple volatile lure made by Consep Membranes Leaf Scorch Responses of 'Sensation' and and Great Lakes IPM lasted at least 40 d in 'Bartlett' Pear to twopspotted spider mite laboratory and field tests. However, the Ladd (Acari : Tetranychidae) Industries rubber septum was found to last only JEENAI. McNab, S.C. Jerie. P.H. Lanham, Md. about 4 d in the same tests. The implications Entomological Society of America. The effect of of lure longevity on the present confusion over 0, 2, 5, and 10 adult female twospotted spider trap choice for monitoring apple maggot are mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, per leaf on discussed. Environmental entomology. Aug 1988. the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf V. 17 (4). p. 704-708. Includes references. scorch and leaf stippling was investigated in (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). two pear cultivars, 'Bartlett' ('William Bon Chretien') and 'Sensation', a red 'Bartlett' mutation. The percentage of leaf area affected by stippling increased (P < 0.001) with 0754 increasing mite density on both varieties. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference Low- temperature storage as a postharvest in 1 i the eaf -st i ppl ng response of the two treatment for coding moth (Lepidoptera: cultivars. The percentage of leaf area affected Tortricidae) eggs on apple. by scorch was found to significantly increase JEENAI. Moffitt, H.R. Burditt, A.K. Jr. Lanham, (P < 0.01) on 'Bartlett' leaves with increasing Md. Entomological Society of America. mite density; virtually no leaf scorch was Complete mortality of red ring stage eggs of observed on 'Sensation' leaves. Mite densities the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), on were similar at each treatment level for mature apples occurred with 36-42 d exposure to 'Bartlett' and 'Sensation' leaves. This 0.1-2.1 degrees C. Based on these results and indicates a tolerance to leaf scorch resulting those from previous studies, we propose a from twospotted spider mite feeding in the minimum of 55 d at less than or equal to 2.2 'Sensation' variety. Journal of economic degrees C as a postharvest treatment for Malus entomology. Aug 1991. v. 84 (4). p. 1334-1338. domestica Borkh. cv . Red Delicious and Golden Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Delicious apples. In large-scale efficacy tests 0822) of this treatment, none of the treated 35,203 red ring stage eggs survived. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1989. v. 82 (6). p. 1679-1681. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0751 DNAL 421 J822). Learning of apple fruit biotypes by apple maggot f 1 i es JIBEE8. Prokopy, R.d. Papaj , D.R. New York, 0755 N.Y. ; Plenum Publishing. Journal of insect behavior. Jan 1988. v. 1 (1). p. 67-74. Malathion bait sprays for control of apple Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae). QL496. J68) JEENAI. Mohammad, A.B. Aliniazee, M.T. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Malathion (1.2 g AI /liter, applied at 2-wk intervals for a total of four spray applications) was compared with malathion mixed with 0.25 and 0.5% Nulure bait for control of 105 . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), spiraecola Patch. Spray volume, coverage, and 1n 1986 and 1987 seasons. Apples sprayed with rate of material applied were related to mite malathion mixed with Nulure had the lowest and insect control and plant phy totox i c i ty ; the fruit injury in both years. In 1986, fruit greater the volume, coverage, and rates used, +/- +/- injury averaged 18.3 16.4% (average the greater the control and phy totox i c i ty SEM) in apples treated with malathion bait obtained. Volck Supreme oil, particularly at mixture compared with 39.0 +/- 9.5% in apples the high rate, caused more damage to fruit and treated with malathion alone and 56.3 +/- 15.5% foliage than did any of the other treatments. in untreated apples. In 1987, apple maggot Sunspray 6E and Sunspray 6E+ appear to be injury in apples treated with malathion bait equally safe to fruit and foliage based on mixture averaged 3.7 +/- 3.2% compared with phy totox i c i ty ratings taken throughout the 45.7 +/- 2.7% in apples treated with malathion growing season. Journal of economic entomology. alone and 26.7 +/- 22.2% in untreated apples. Oct 1991. V. 84 (5). p. 1550-1557. Includes Laboratory bioassays of residual toxicities of references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Ja22). malathion against apple maggot adults at a rate of 1.2 g (AI)/liter indicated efficacy of less than 1 wk and complete ineffectiveness within 12 d after application on apple foliage and 0757 fruits. At the higher rate of 2.4 g (AI)/liter, only 17% mortality was noticed 16 d after Management of the apple maggot in the eastern application. Further laboratory tests indicated United States. total adult mortality within 48 h and GASPA. Reissig, W.H. Corvallis, Or. : The negligible rates of oviposition (less than 1 Station. Special report - Oregon State egg per female) in apples treated with University, Agricultural Experiment Station. In malathion at rates of 0.3 and 0.6 g (AI)/liter the series analytic: Ecology and management of mixed with 1% Nulure bait. In apples treated economically important fruit flies / edited by with malathion alone, 29 +/- 7.7% mortality M.T. AliNiazee. July 1988. (830). p. 56-72. occurred and 10 eggs per female were deposited ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL at the end of 48 h for 0.3 (AI)/liter rate, and 100 0R3M) 21 +/- 7.7% mortality occurred and 16 eggs per female were deposited for 0.6 g (AI)/liter rate. Nulure alone at 1% had no adverse effects on survival and oviposition of apple maggot 0758 females. Results of these field and laboratory experiments showed that addition of Nulure bait Manipulation of oviposition patterns of the to malathion increased adult mortality and parasitoid Cyzenis albicans (Tachinldae) in the reduced oviposition in treated apples. Journal field using plant extracts. of economic entomology. Dec 1989. v. 82 (6). p. JIBEES. Roland, J. Evans, W.G.; Myers, J.H. New 1716-1721. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing. Journal of DNAL 421 J822). insect behavior. July 1989. v. 2 (4). p. 487-503. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL496. J68) 0756 Management of European red mite (Acari: 0759 Tetranychidae) and several aphid species on apple with petroleum oils and an insect icidal Mass rearing of the oriental fruit moth soap. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JEENAI. Lawson, D.S. Weires, R.W. Lanham, Md. : JEENAI. Vetter, R.S. Esposito, R.M. Ill; Baker, Entomological Society of America. Three T.C. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of petroleum oils and one insecticidal soap were America. Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita evaluated in laboratory tests at different molesta (Busck), was reared on modifications of rates for ovicidal efficacy against a previously developed small lima bean diet. overwintering Panonychus ulmi (Koch) eggs. Initial experiments showed that different types Sunspray 6E and Volck Supreme oils caused the of beans substituted for lima beans produced greatest mortality of all materials tested. similar yields of oriental fruit moth pupae. Sunspray 6E+ caused less mortality than did the Fresh, thinning apples provided the best diet Sunspray 6E and Volck Supreme but greater for high yields and high pupal weights, but mortality than Safer Insecticidal Soap apple quality degenerates with time, producing Concentrate, which caused only slightly greater poorer quality pupae. Modifications of the bean mortality than the distilled water check. Field diet resulted in quality production of greater applications of the same materials by airblast than 1,000 pupae per 4-liter jar, allowing sprayer and high-pressure handgun caused less year-long maintenance of the colony that could mortality of overwintering eggs than in the not be accomplished on apples alone. Tolerance laboratory study. Summer applications of these of oriental fruit moth to methyl materials were tested for their ability to p-hydroxybenzoate , sorbic acid, and benomyl suppress mite and aphid populations throughout (Benlate) preservatives in the diet was the growing season. Applications of all determined. Journal of economic entomology. Dec materials provided significant control of 1989. V. 82 (6). p. 1825-1829. Includes populations of P. ulmi, rosy apple aphid, references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), and a green aphid complex made up of the apple aphid. Aphis pomi De Geer, and the spirea aphid. Aphis 108 . . s (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0760 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532) Methyl bromide fumigation and cold storage as treatments for California stone fruits and pears infested with the Caribbean fruit fly 0765 (Diptera: Tephri tidae) JEENAI. Benschoter, C.A. Lanham, Md. Mite management in apple orchards: new Entomological Society of America. Journal of knowledge and tools. economic entomology. Dec 1988. v. 81 (6). p. NEMFA. Nyrop, J. P. Reissig, W.H.; Agnello, A.M. 1665-1667. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New DNAL 421 J822) . England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Meeting held on February 1-2. 1989, Sturbridge, Massachusetts. Feb 1989. 0761 V. 95. p. 88-105. Includes references. (NAL Gal 1 No. : DNAL 81 M384) Microgeographic genetic variation in the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella. GENTA. McPheron, B.A. Smith, D.C.; Berlocher, S.H. Baltimore, Md. : Genetics Society of 0766 America. Abstract: We examined el ectrophoret ic variability at five enzyme loci in the apple Mite management in the 1990's. maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, on a NEMFA. Weires, R. North Amherst, Mass. : The microgeographic scale. Treating flies from Association. New England fruit meetings ... individual hawthron trees as separate Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - populations, we estimated F(st) values from Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. allele frequencies. The results indicate that Meeting held January 31-February 1, 1990. 1990. there is significant allele frequency V. 96. p. 33-38. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). heterogeneity among fly populations over a small spatial scale at some loci but not at others. This variation among loci in degree of differentiation is itself statistically 0767 significant, casting doubt on the role of genetic drift in maintaining the heterogeneity. Mixtures of Bacillus thuri ngiensi s and There is also heterogeneity betweenyears in pyrethroids control winter moth ( Lepidoptera: flies from a given tree. These data provide a Geometridae) in orchards without causing baseline with which future work on genetic outbreaks of mites. differentiation among apple maggot populations JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Gaul, S.O. Lanham, Md. : associated with different species of host Entomological Society of America. Extensive plants may be compared. Genetics. June 1988. v. trials with mixtures of Bacillus thur i ngi ens i 119 (2). p. 445-451. Includes references. (NAL var. kurstaki Berliner (Dipel wettable powder) Call No.: DNAL 442.8 G28 ) . and pyrethroids showed the efficacy of these mixtures against winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and their compatibility, with integrated mite control in apple (Malus 0762 domestica Borkh.) orchards. In the mixtures, concentrations of the pyrethroids ( i , i Microlepidoptera species composition in cypermethr n del tamethr n , fenvalerate, and Michigan apple orchards. permethrin) were one-tenth of the recommended EVETEX. Strickler. K. Whalon. M. College Park. orchard rates. Levels of winter moth injury to Md. : Entomological Society of America. harvested fruit were as low with the mixtures Environmental entomology. Aug 1985. v. 14 (4). of Dipel and pyrethroids as with half-rate or p. 486-495. maps. Includes references. (NAL ful 1 -rate treatments of pyrethroids. Prebloom Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). application of several mixtures significantly reduced fruit injury caused by mirids, mostly Atractotomus mal i (Meyer) and Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), and the pale apple 0763 leafroller, Pseudexentera mal i Freeman, and the obi i quebanded leafroller, Chor i stoneura Minimize problems with practical approaches. rosaceana (Harris). Counts of European red WEFGA. Cowie, V. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and apple rust Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Feb 1986. v. 106 mite, Aculus schl echtendal i (Nalepa), were (2). p. 49-51. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). lower, and populations of their principal natural enemy, Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten, were detected more frequently in plots treated with Dipel -pyrethroid mixtures than in plots treated 0764 with pyrethroids at half or full rates. Levels of leaf bronzing induced by European red mite Mite (Acari ) species composition in Michigan and apple rust mite were also less where apple orchards. mixtures were used. The mixture of Dipel with EVETEX. Strickler, K. Gushing, N. ; Whalon, M. the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of Croft, B.A. College Park, Md. : Entomological cypermethrin was particularly, compatible with Society of America. Environmental entomology. integrated mite control. Counts of European red Feb 1987. v. 16 (1). p. 30-36. Includes mite and levels of leaf bronzing induced by 107 ...... (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) European red mite with this mixture did not 0770 differ from the levels observed in the plots treated with Dipel alone. Journal of economic Monitoring adult flight of Pholetesor ornigis entomology, dune 1990. v. 83 (3). p. 920-936. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 spotted tent i form leaf miner (Lepidoptera: J822) . Graci 1 lari idae) EVETEX. Ridgway, N.M. Mahr , D.L. College Park, Md . : Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Apr 1986. v. 15 (2). 0768 p. 331-334. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461 . E532) . Model for the temperature-dependent emergence of overwintering Phyl lonorycter crataegella (Clemens) ( Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) , and its parasitoid, Sympiesis maryl andensi s Girault 0771 ( Hymenoptera : Eu 1 oph i dae ) EVETEX. Drummond, F.A. Van Driesche, R.G.; Monitoring adult Melanotus (Coleoptera: Logan, P. A. College Park, Md. Entomological Elateridae) in the Midwest with the Pheromone Society of America. Environmental entomology. of tufted apple budmoth (Platynota idaeusalis June 1985. v. 14 (3). p. 305-311. ill., maps. Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL JKESA. Keaster, A.J. Jackson, M.A.; Levine, E.; 0L461 .E532) Tollefson, J.J.; Turpin, F.T. Lawrence, Kan. The Society. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. Oct 1987. v. 60 (4). p. 577-580. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0769 DNAL 420 K13) Model simulating the use of miticides to control European red mite (Acarina: Tetranychidae) in Nova Scotia apple orchards. 0772 JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. A model was Monitoring and management of resistance of the developed to simulate chemical control of the European red mite to plictran in New York apple European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in orchards Nova Scotia apple orchards. Simulated densities NEMFA. Reissig, H. Welty, C; Weires, R.; of summer eggs and motile P. ulmi were similar Dennehy, T. North Amherst, Mass. : The to densities observed in experimental plots Association. New England fruit meetings ... that had been treated with miticide on Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - different dates. The P. ulmi model was used to Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1985 estimate the best dates to apply miticides with and 1986 studies. 1987. v. 93. p. 97-107. (NAL different biological half-lives (7 or 30 d) and Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 M384) specific toxicities (i.e., toxic to all eggs; toxic only to summer eggs; toxic only to motile forms). Criteria of effectiveness of a given application were cumulative mite-days to 15 0773 July, yield per tree, and density of P. ulmi winter eggs on 31 August. The best dates to Monitoring azi nphosmethyl resistance in adult apply miticide (usually shortly before or after male Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: winter eggs hatched) differed according to the Tortricidae) in apple from Georgia to New York. characteristics of the miticide and the JEENAI. Knight, A. Hull, L.; Rajotte, E.; criterion of effectiveness (e.g., the best Hogmire, H.; Norton, D.; Polk, D.; Walgenbach, dates for preserving yield were not necessarily J.; Weires, R.; Whalon, J. Lanham, Md the best dates for reducing winter eggs). The Entomological Society of America. Sex pheromone model also indicated problems in the use of the traps coated with concentrations of current economic threshold based on counts of az i nphosmethy 1 - i mpregnated adhesive were used summer eggs and motile P. ulmi on leaves. If to test levels of resistance in adult the initial P. ulmi population is moderate or populations male tufted apple bud moth, high and the choice of application date is Platynota idaeusalis (Walker) from apple based on mite density on leaves, then orchards in seven Eastern states. Resistance application of miticide may be too late to levels > 10 fold were found in insects from prevent significant yield losses in the current five of six Adams County, Pa., orchards, one year, a high population of winter eggs at the orchard in New Jersey, and one of two orchards end of the season, and reduced return bloom and in West Virginia. Moderate levels of resistance yield the following year. The model suggests (5 to 9-fold) were found in insects from the the importance of early spring assessments of remaining orchard in Adams County, one orchard winter egg density and the necessity of in New York, and one of two orchards in North considering age structure of the P. ulmi Carolina. Males from three Pennsylvania population and characteristics of the miticide orchards outside of Adams County, the other in selecting dates for miticide application. orchards in West Virginia and North Carolina, Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 one orchard in Georgia, and two orchards in (5). p. 1411-1422. Includes references. (NAL Delaware had low levels of resistance Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 ja22) . (<4-fold). These results suggest that the level of resistance found within an orchard may be influenced by the intensity of fruit production 108 , . . : (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) within a region. Level of resistance to 0776 az i nphosmethy 1 was positively correlated with current seasonal carbamate use, but was not Monitoring Orthosia hiblsci (Lepldoptera: significantly correlated with current use of Noctuldae) with pherocon 1C and Hara traps. az i nphosmethy 1 or other organophosphates JEENAI. Vincent, C. Simard, L.G. College Park, (negative correlation coefficients). Levels of Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal resistance and fruit injury were both of economic entomology. Dec 1986. v. 79 (6). p. significantly correlated with population 1487-1500. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call densities in orchards as measured by mean daily No. : DNAL 421 J822) . catches of brood I or brood II male moths. Levels of resistance were not significantly correlated with surrounding habitat types or percentage of fruit injury. These results 0777 suggest that many apple growers have responded to the development of az i nphosmethy 1 resistance Monitoring Pholetesor ornlgis (Hymenoptera: within their orchards with increased use of Braconidae), a parasite of the spotted carbamates and decreased use of azi nphosmethyl tent 1 form leaf miner, Phyl lonorycter Levels of fruit injury were highest in orchards blancardella (Lepldoptera: Graci 1 larl idae) where populations of P. idaeusalis were effect of sticky trap location on size and sex moderately resistant to az i nphosmethy 1 ratio of trap catches. seasonal azinphosmethyl use was high, and only EVETEX. Trimble, R.M. College Park, Md. small amounts of carbamate insecticides were Entomological Society of America. Abstract: The used. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1990. effect of trap location on the number and sex V. 83 (2). p. 329-334. Includes references. ratio of adult Pholetesor (=Apanteles) ornigis (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). (Weed) caught on yellow sticky traps was examined in Ontario from 1982 to 1985 during the spring and first-summer activity periods in one experimental and five commercial apple 0774 orchards. In the first experiment, traps placed within the tree canopy in the peripheral zone Monitoring azinphosmethyl resistance In Archlps caught significantly more P. ornigis than traps agyrosplla ( Lepldoptera: Tortrlcidae) placed above, within, and below the tree populations. canopy, as well as those placed between JEENAI. Cossentine, J.E. Jensen, L.B. Lanham, adjacent trees in the peripheral and interior Md. : Entomological Society of America. zones of the orchard. Traps placed above the Azinphosmethyl was applied topically to the tree in both zones caught less than 1% of all dorsal thorax of male fruittree leafroller parasites trapped. In the second experiment, moths, Archips agyrospila (Walker), caught in traps placed within the tree canopy in the pheromone traps from 1986 to 1988 to test the interior zone caught significantly more male, tolerance of this pest within individual female, and total P. ornigis than traps placed orchards. The LCSO's estimated with this below the tree in the interior zone and within technique generally reflected the control and below the tree in the peripheral zone problems experienced in the individual orchards during both the spring and first summer and were correlated with the tolerance activity periods. The results suggest that the exhibited by neonate fruittree leaf rollers fed spatial distribution of male and female diet containing azinphosmethyl in laboratory parasites changes between the spring and bioassays. However, high control mortality, and first-summer activity periods. Trap location a lack of understanding of behavior in the did not significantly affect the sex ratio of adult males in response to pheromones and the trap catches; males constituted from 82.3 +/- natural variation in mortality, decrease the 13.6 to 87.2 +/- 7.7% (-/x +/-SD) of the catch. reliability of this technique in assessing the The percentage of males in trap catches from an azinphosmethyl resistance of individual orchard ranged from 75.6 to 96.4 during the two fruittree leafroller orchard populations. activity periods, whereas estimates of the Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1991. v. 84 percentage of males in the adult population (5). p. 1399-1403. Includes references. (NAL from an orchard ranged from 4.0 to 63.0. Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Environmental entomology. June 1988. v. 17 (3). p. 567-571. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461 . E532) 077S Monitoring azinphosmethyl resistance In the 0778 light brown apple moth (Lepldoptera: Tortrlcidae) in New Zealand. Monitoring the codling moth (Lepldoptera: JEENAI. Suckling, D.M. Rogers, D.J.; Shaw. Olethreutldae) and the obi iquebanded leafroller P.W.; Wearing, C.H.; Penman, D.R.; Chapman, (Lepldoptera: Tortrlcidae) with sticky and R.B. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society nonstlcky traps. of America. Journal of economic entomology. Aug JEENAI. Vincent, C. Mailloux, M. ; Hagley, 1987. V. 733-738. Reissig, , 80 (4). p. maps. Includes E.A.C.; W.H.; Col i , W.M.; Hosmer T.A. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. In monitoring trials conducted in 1985 in 17 apple orchards of Quebec, Ontario, Massachusetts, and New York, two sticky pheromone trap models (Pherocon 1C and Pherocon 109 . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) II) and two nonsticky trap models (Multi-Pher I 0780 and III) were tested to monitor the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., and the ob 1 i quebanded Natural enemies of the spotted tent i form leaf roller, Chor i stoneura rosaceana (Harris). leafminer, Phyl 1 onorycter blancardella Three criteria of trap performance were ( Lepi doptera : Graci 1 lari idae) , in sprayed and considered: 1) total seasonal captures, (2) unsprayed apple orchards in Wisconsin. maximum seasonal captures of the first EVETEX. Ridgway, N.M. Mahr , D.L. College Park, generation, and (3) first date of captures. Md. Entomological Society of America. Trap performance varied between sprayed and Environmental entomology. Aug 1985. v. 14 (4). unsprayed orchards. In sprayed orchards, p. 459-463. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Pherocon 1C and Multi-Pher I had higher codling DNAL QL461 . E532) . moth captures than expected; however, no trap model was consistently superior for monitoring of obi iquebanded leafroller. For codling moth, Multi-Pher I consistently had a higher 0781 frequency of maximum seasonal captures than other trap models. For the obi i quebanded New host and distributional records for leafroller, the two sticky trap models had a Rhagoletis in Colorado. higher frequency of maximum captures than other SENTD. Kroening, M.K. Kondratieff, B.C.; trap models in sprayed orchards. Pherocon II Nelson, E.E. College Station, Tex. was the best trap for evaluation of the first Southwestern Entomological Society. The date of capture of codling moth in sprayed and Southwestern entomologist. June 1989. v. 14 unsprayed orchards and obi i quebanded leafroller (2). p. 147-152. Includes references. (NAL Call in sprayed orchards. Journal of economic No. : DNAL 0L461 . S65) . entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 (2). p. 434-440. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) . 0782 New host records and developmental notes on the 0779 pear slug Caliroa cerasi (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) feeding on Cotoneaster and , Native and exotic rosaceous hosts of apple, Chaenomeles species. plum, and quince curculio larvae (Coleoptera: GRLEA. Raffa, K.F. Lintereur, G.L. East Curcul ion idae) in the northeastern United Lansing, Mich. : Michigan Entomological States. Society. The Great Lakes entomologist. Summer JEENAI . Maier, C.T. Lanham, Md. Entomological 1988. V. 21 (2). p. 75-79. Includes references. Society of America. Native and exotic rosaceous (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.M5). fruits were sampled to determine hosts of apple curculio, Anthonomus quadrigibbus Say, plum curculio, Conotrachel us nenuphar (Herbst), and quince curculio, C. crataegi Walsh, larvae. One 0783 or more species of these univoltine weevils infested 22 of 24 (91.7%) rosaceous species, A new pesticide bioassay method for white apple including 13 native ones. Weevil infestations leaf hopper tended to be greater in exotic fruits than WSEPA. Beers, E.H. Eisner, E.A. Pullman, Wash. native fruits. The plum curculio had the : The Society. Proceedings of the Washington broadest host range (19 species), followed by State Entomological Society. Meeting held on the apple curculio (9 species), and the quince April 23 and September 17, 1988, Yakima, curculio (6 species). Principal apple curculio Washington. 1988. (50). p. 872. (NAL Call No.: hosts were native Amelanchier spp., Crataegus DNAL QL46 1 . W3 ) . spp., and Prunus serotina Ehrhart. The apple curculio did not attack apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, or most other exotic fruits in areas sampled. Ten native fruits, mainly 0784 Amelanchier spp. and Prunus spp., and nine exotic orchard fruits were infested by the plum No carcinogen/zero residue production system curculio. The quince curculio developed in for apples. fruits of two native Crataegus spp. and four ARHMA. Jones, A.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The exotic orchard species. Selective removal of Society. Annual report - Michigan State wild rosaceous reservoirs of these curcul ios Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. may reduce fruit damage in commercial orchards. 176-180. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) Journal of economic entomology. Aug 1990. v. 83 (4). p. 1326-1332. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0785 Nonsticky pheromone-bai ted traps for monitoring the spotted tent i form leafminer ( Lepi doptera: Graci llari idae) JEENAI. Vincent, C. Mailloux, M.; Hagley. E.A.C. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1986. v. 79 (6). p. 1666-1670. 110 . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 0789 J822) . Occurrence of pyrethroid resistance in pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) populations from southern Ontario. 0786 JEENAI. Pree, D.J. Archibald, D.E.; Ker, K . W . ; Cole, K.J. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society Novel approach for tracking and quantifying the of America. Adult pear psylla, Cacopsylla movement patterns of insects in three pyricola Foerster, from the Niagara peninsula dimensions under seminatural conditions. of Ontario were tested for susceptibility to EVETEX. Aluja, M. Prokopy, R.J.; Elkinton. pyrethroid insecticides from 1980 to 1989. A J.S.; Laurence, F. Lanham, Md. Entomological Potter spray tower was used. Results of tests Society of America. We describe a method that at 15, 22, and 30 degrees C indicated a permits tracking and quantifying the movement negative temperature- tox i c i ty relationship for patterns of insects in three dimensions under permethrin and fenvalerate. Resistance to seminatural conditions. We released individual pyrethroids (first discovered in 1986 at levels Rhagoletis pomonella flies onto an apple tree of approximately 50-fold for permethrin at the and recorded all movements and behavior of the LC50) has become widespread in the Niagara foraging insect. The type information obtained region. Resistance extends to all types of included: measurement of relative distance pyrethroids but is highest to fenvalerate flown (net and gross displacement, average (approximately 140-fold). Combinations of distance between stops), relative directness of permethrin and potential synergists piperonyl flight from the fly release point to any point butoxide or DEF did not increase the toxicity within the tree, relative speed of flight, to resistant populations, suggesting that relative angle and vector information for resistance was due to an insensitive target individual and total displacements, and time site or kdr-like mechanism. In one resistant spent performing individual behaviors. All population studied over 4 yr without further these parameters were calculated over the total selection with pyrethroids, resistance declined time the insect spent on the tree and for from 54-fold to approximately 30-fold after 1 specific time and spatial windows of particular yr and stabilized at 20-30-fold. Journal of interest. We also describe a computer program economic entomology. Dec 1990. v. 83 (6). p. that processes and partially analyzes the 2159-2163. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: gathered data. The usefulness of 3-D analysis DNAL 421 J822) is illustrated by providing results that show .a trend for reduction in the relative distance flown and for an increase in the directness of flight by flies that searched for and landed on 0790 fruit models, that released synthetic apple odor compared with models that did not. Overwintering of Phyl lonorycter blancardella Environmental entomology. Feb 1989. v. 18. p. (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) and its 1-7. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: parasites, Pholetesor ornigis and Pholetesor DNAL QL461 . E532) pedias ( Hymenoptera : Braconidae) in southwestern Ontario. EVETEX. Laing, J.E. Heraty, J.M. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. 0787 Environmental entomology. Oct 1987. v. 16 (5). p. 1157-1162. Includes references. (NAL Call Observations of woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma No. : DNAL 0L461 . E532) . lanigerum (Hausmann) (Homoptera: Aphididae), root infestation in eastern West Virginia. MLESB. Brown, M.W. University Park, Pa. Entomological Society of Pennsylvania. The 0791 Melsheimer entomological series. 1986. (36). p. 5-8. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Ovicidal activity of insecticides on the QL461 .M4) spotted tent i form leaf miner (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) JEENAI. Hayden, J. P. Howitt, A.J. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal 0788 of economic entomology. Feb 1986. v. 79 (1). p. 258-260. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Observations on mortality, detection distance, DNAL 421 J822) and rate of loss of label in plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curcul ionidae) using improved , techniques for topical application of radioisotopes on insects. 0792 JEENAI. Lafleur, G. Hill, S.B.; Barthakur, N.N. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of Ovicidal activity of methomyl on eggs of pest America. Journal of economic entomology. Oct and beneficial insects and mites associated 1985. V. 78 (5). p. 1157-1165. ill. Includes with apples in Virginia. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). JEENAI. David, P.J. Horsburgh, R.L. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1985. v. 78 (2). p. 432-436. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 421 J822) . Ill ...... , (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0793 0797 Oviposition behavior of the apple blotch Panel: A pear grower's di lemma--Spider-mi te leaf miner, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens) resistance to miticides. (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) PWHAA . Beers, B. Westigard, P.; Van Buskirk, JNYEA. Green, T.A. Prokopy, R.J. Lawrence, Kan. P.; Flexner, J.L.; Croft, B.A. Wenatchee, Wash. - : Allen Press. Journal of the New York : The Association. Proceedings Washington Entomological Society. Oct 1991. v. 99 (4). p. State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). 654-663. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: p. 196-202. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). DNAL 420 N48J) 0798 0794 Parasites associated with lepidopterous leaf Oviposition by overwintering morph of pear miners on apple in northeastern Wisconsin. psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with information JEENAI. Oatman, E.R. College Park. Md. on conditioning. Entomological Society of America. Journal of EVETEX. Horton, D.R. Lanham, Md. : economic entomology. Oct 1985. v. 78 (5). p. Entomological Society of America. Environmental 1063-1066. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: entomology. Apr 1990. v. 19 (2). p. 357-361. DNAL 421 J822) . Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461 . E532) 0799 0795 Parasite id fauna of two Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) on wild cherries, Oviposition by summer and winter forms of pear and similarity to fauna of apple leafminers. psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) on dormant pear AESAAI. Maier, C.T. College Park, Md. : The budwood Society. Annals of the Entomological Society of EVETEX. Butt, B.A. Stuart, C. College Park. Md. America. May 1988. v. 81 (3). p. 460-466. : Entomological Society of America. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 Environmental entomology. Oct 1986. v. 15 (5)., EN82) p. 1109-1110. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 0L461 . E532) 0800 0796 Parasitoids of the western tentiform leaf miner, Phyllonorycter elmaella (Lepidoptera: Oviposi tional behavior of the codling moth Graci 1 lari idae) , in Utah apple orchards. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on stone fruits in EVETEX. Barrett, B.A. Jorgensen, CD. College the field and an improved oviposition cage for Park. Md. Entomological Society of America. use in the laboratory. Environmental entomology. June 1986. v. 15 (3). JEENAI. Curtis, C.E. Tebbets. J.S.; Clark, J.D. p. 635-641. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America, DNAL 0L461 . E532) . dling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), adult pairs were confined in sleeve cages on fruits, stems, and leaves of nectarine, peach, and plum trees. Female moths laid more eggs on the lower leaf 0801 surface (56-68%) than on the upper leaf surface (22-30%); stems (3-13%); or fruit (0-12%) of Patch dynamics of a phytophagous mite all three cultivars of each fruit type. The population: effect of number of subpopulations. level of pubescence reported to deter ECOLA. Walde, S.J. Tempe, Ariz. : The Society. oviposition (about 70 hairs per cm2) was higher Ecology : a publication of the Ecological than that found on any oviposition site Society of America. Oct 1991. v. 72 (5). p. available in our studies, except for peach 1591-1598. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: fruits. When only fruit (no foliage) was DNAL 410 EC7). available, the distribution of eggs was 0% on peaches, 12.6% on plums, 46.8% on nectarines, and 40.6% on parts of the cage. A modified oviposition cage is described that uses velour 0802 paper as a pubescent surface to deter oviposition on selected cage surfaces and Patterns of egg mass deposition of Platynota forces most egg deposition onto waxed paper end idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) within an caps. Journal of economic entomology. Feb 1990. apple orchard. v. 83 (1). p. 131-134. Includes references. EVETEX. Knight. A.L. Hull, L.A.; Rajotte, E.G. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. ) Two field releases of rubidium ( Rb - 1 abe 1 ed 1 aboratory- reared adult Platynota idaeusalis (Walker) were conducted to measure female adult dispersal and egg mass deposition patterns within a 33-ha (about 7,450 trees) apple 112 . . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) orchard in Adams County, Pa. In both studies 0806 greater than 3,200 virgin male and female adults (male:female ratio = 1.1:1.0) were Pears reared from rub i d i urn- i ncorporated diet (3 g MUCBA . East Lansing, Mich. The Service. Rb/liter) and released on four center trees. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Trees were randomly sampled for hatched and Service, Michigan State University. Dec 1986. unhatched egg masses up to 500 m from the (E-154). p. 29-31. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 release sites. Atomic absorption M58B) spectrophotometry was used to detect rubidium in egg masses, and masses were considered marked if concentrations were greater than 10 ppb. Following the first release, 417 trees w 0807 ere sampled and 39% of the 222 egg masses collected were marked. Following the second Pesticide use and levels of insect and scab release, 260 trees were sampled and 67% of the injury on fruit in Nova Scotia apple orchards 346 egg masses collected were marked. The JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Rogers, R.E.L.; distribution of rub i d i urn- 1 abel ed egg masses MacLellan, C.R. College Park, Md. demonstrated that spatial patterns of egg mass Entomological Society of America. Journal of deposition are primarily local and are affected economic entomology. Aug 1987. v. 80 (4). p. by ambient air temperatures. For example, 90% 979-984. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: of all recovered rubi di urn- 1 abel ed egg masses DNAL 421 J822). were found within 65 and 45 m of the release sites, and the most distant labeled egg mass we found at 250 and 170 m, respectively, following adult releases during a warm period in July 0808 (daily minimum temperatures, greater than 16 degrees C) and a cooler period in September Pests not known to occur in the United States (daily minimum temperatures, less than 12 or of limited distribution. 62. degrees C). Environmental entomology. June Whittle, K. Hyattsville, Md. : The Service. 1990. V. 19 (3). p. 648-655. ill. Includes APHIS 81 - U.S. Department of Agriculture, references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Sept 1985. (46). p. 23-32. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSB599 . A3U5 ) 0803 Pear psy11a--is Integrated management 0809 possible? PWHAA. Willett, M. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Pests not known to occur in the United States Association. Proceedings - Washington State or of limited distribution. 63. Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. Chang, L.W.H. Hyattsville, Md. : The Service. 141-148. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). APHIS 81 - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Sept 1985. (46). p. 33-44. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSB599 . A3U5 ) . 0804 Pear slug. WUEXA. Antonelli, A. Young, J.O. Pullman, Wash. 0810 - : The Service. Extension bulletin Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Phenology and management of the obi iquebanded Service. Mar 1986. (1369). 2 p. ill. (NAL Call' leaf roller (Leipidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple No. : DNAL 275.29 W27P) orchards JEENAI. Onstad, D.W. Reissig, W.H.; Shoemaker, C.A. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 0805 1985. V. 78 (6). p. 1455-1462. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Pear thrips: a new pest in New England?. NEMFA. Hoi 1 i ngsworth, C. Col i , W.; Maier, C. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the 0811 ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Meeting held January Pheromone trapping of males and prediction of 31-February 1, 1990. 1990. v. 96. p. 28-32. crawler emergence for San Jose scale ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in Virginia apple orchards. GENSAB. Pfeiffer, D.G. Tifton, Ga . : The Society. Journal of Entomological Science. July 1985. V. 20 (3). p. 351-353. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.G4). 113 . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0812 0818 Pollen diet of some predator mites. Predicting apple injury caused by Platynota TKASAT. Afifi, A.M. Potts, M.F.; Patterson, idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from C.G.; Rodriguez, J.G. Louisville, Ky. : The summer brood sampling. Academy. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy JEENAI. Meagher, R.L. Jr. Hull, L.A. College of Science. Sept 1988. v. 49 (3/4). p. 96-100. Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 500 Journal of economic entomology. June 1986. v. K41 ) . 79 (3). p. 620-625. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) . 0813 0819 Population cycles of western tent caterpillars: experimental introductions and synchrony of Predicting seasonal apple injury by tufted fluctuations. apple bud moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with ECOLA. Myers, J.H. Tempe, Ariz. : The Society. early-season sex pheromone trap catches and Ecology : a publication of the Ecological brood I fruit injury. Society of America. June 1990. v. 71 (3). p. EVETEX. Knight, A.L. Hull, L.A. Lanham. Md. : 986-995. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Entomological Society of America. Cumulative DNAL 410 EC7). catches brood I tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), males in sex pheromone traps early in the season (before 28 May) provided a significant predictor of 0814 total -season fruit injury for the apple cultivars Yorking and Delicious but not for Potential for the biological control of apple Golden Delicious during 1966 and 1987. leaf miners by parasitic warps. Early-season pheromone trap catches were also NEMFA. Maier, C.T. North Amherst, Mass. : The significant predictors of brood I injury for Association. New England fruit meetings ... Yorking in 1986 and Delicious in 1987. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Incorporating a measure of tree size with these Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. cumulative trap catches improved the prediction Meeting held January 31-February 1, 1990. 1990. of total fruit injury for the cultivars V. 96. p. 60-74. Includes references. (NAL Call Delicious and Yorking in 1987. Significant No. : DNAL 81 M384) regressions of total fruit injury with first-brood injury also were found for each cultivar except Golden Delicious in 1987. The potential use of these early-season measures of 0815 population densities to more effectively manage tufted apple bud moth on apple is discussed. Practical pear pest management for the 90' s. Environmental entomology. Dec 1989. v. 18 (6). PWHAA. Smith, F. Wenatchee, Wash. : The p. 939-944. maps. Includes references. (NAL Association. Proceedings - Washington State Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). Horticultural Association. 1989. (85th). p. 210. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 0820 0816 A preliminary study on the dispersal of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in Practice mite management. apple orchards. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Publishing Company. WSEPA. Chen, C.T. Tanigoshi, L.K. Pullman. - American fruit grower. June 1985. v. 105 (6). Wash. : The Society. Proceedings Washington p. 30, 32-33. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85). State Entomological Society. Apr 19/Oct 18, 1986. (48). p. 811-812. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.W3). 0817 Predation by Chei racanthium mildei (Araneae, 0821 Clubionidae) on larval Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera, Graci llari idae) in a Premating and postmating isolation among greenhouse populations of Metaseiulus occidental is JARCD. Corrigan, J.E. Bennett, R.G. Lubbock, (Nesbitt) (Acarina: Phytosei idae) Tex. : American Arachnol og i cal Society. The HILGA. Hoy, M.A. Cave, F.E. Berkeley, Calif. : Journal of arachnology. Spring 1987. v. 15 (1). California Agricultural Experiment Station. p. 132-134. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Hilgardia : a journal of agricultural science. DNAL QL451 . J6) Nov 1988. V. 56 (6). p. 1-20. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 C12H). 114 . . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0822 hypothesis). The second hypothesis was that fly capture among trees is a function of apple Prey of the cribellate spider, Dictyna maturity among trees, regardless of the annul 1 pes (Araneae, Dictynidae), on apple tree phenology, of fruit maturation (fruit maturity f o1 i age. hypothesis;. Both models explained the JARCD. Hagley, E.A.C. Allen. W.R. Lubbock, Tex. distribution of fly capture among trees early : American Arachnological Society. The journal in the growing season, but the fruit maturity of arachnology. Fall 1989. v. 17 (3). p. hypothesis best explained the entire season. 366-367. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: The use of the model for predicting the DNAL QL451 . J6) distribution pattern of apple maggot captures and the optimum placement of traps for apple maggot detection are discussed. Environmental entomology. Aug 1991. v. 20 (4). p. 981-987. 0823 Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 . E532) Prey preference in Stethorus punctum (Coleoptera: Coccinell idae) EVETEX. Houck, M.A. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental 0827 entomology. Aug 1986. v. 15 (4). p. 967-970. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Rearing predator mites for orchards and 0L461 . E532) glasshouses. MUCBA. Cushing, N. Whalon, M.E. East Lansing, - Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State 0824 University. May 1986. (1872). 8 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B). Prior experience influences the fruit residence of male apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonel la. dIBEE8. Prokopy, R.J. Cooley, S.S.; 0pp. S.B. 0828 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing. Journal of insect behavior. Jan 1989. v. 2 (1). p. 39-48. Recovery of populations of codling moth, Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Laspeyresia pomonel la L. (Lepidoptera, QL496 . J68) Tortricidae) after severe reduction due to extreme conditions. ENREB. Zlatanova, A. A. New York, N.Y. : Scripta Publishing. Entomological review. Translated 0825 from: Entomol ogicheskoye obozreniye, no. 1, 1989, p. 48-50. (421 R322). 1990. v. 69 (3). p. Probing and oviposi tion-rel ated activity of 47-49. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL summerform pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) 421 R322AE). on host and nonhost substrates. EVETEX. Norton, D.R. Krysan, J.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Oct 1990. v. 19 (5). p. 1463-1468. 0829 Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 . E532) . Redbanded leaf roller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): thermal requirements for development and simulation of wi thin-season phenology in North Carolina. 0826 EVETEX. Hawthorne, D.J. Rock. G.C; Stinner, R.E. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society Quantifying apple maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America. Environmental entomology. Feb 1988. preference for apples to optimize the V. 17 (1). p. 40-46. Includes references. (NAL distribution of traps among trees. Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). EVETEX. Murphy, B.C. Wilson, L.T.; Dowel 1 . R.V. Lanham. Md. Entomological Society of America. The spatial arid temporal distribution pattern of apple maggot. Rhagoletis pomonel la (Walsh), 0830 fly captures was monitored among trees within an unmanaged apple orchard. Each tree within Regional, local and microgeographic allele the orchard was monitored weekly for the frequency variation between apple and hawthorn presence of flies using sticky traps. Fruit populations of Rhagoletis pomonel la in western maturity was monitored weekly to determine Michigan. percentage soluble solids. Significantly more EVOLA. Feder, J.L. Chilcote, C.A.; Bush. G.L. apple maggot were captured on trees with mature Lawrence. Kan. : Society for the Study of fruit than on trees with immature fruit. A Evolution. Evolution. May 1990. v. 44 (3). p. selective predation model was used to quantify 595-608. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: the effect of fruit preference on apple maggot DNAL 443.8 EV62). captures. Two hypotheses were evaluated. The first hypothesis was that fly capture among trees is a function of the relative sequence or phenology of fruit maturation (tree category 115 . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0831 summer applications of cyhexatin. Population susceptibility as determined by efficacy of Relationship between densities of pear psylla early-season treatments was in agreement with and twospotted spider mite and pear leaf susceptibility in bioassay for four of six nutrient levels. populations tested. Summer treatments were less HOHSA. Sugar, D. Righetti, T.L.; Westigard, effective than early-season treatments and did P.H. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for not reflect bioassay estimates of Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1989. susceptibility as well as early-season V. 24 (2). p. 242-245. Includes references. treatments did. Control was better than (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). expected in several cases. It was concluded that predictions of field efficacy cannot be based on laboratory bioassays alone; mite population dynamics and operational factors 0832 related to the cyhexatin application and orchard management also must be considered. Relationship between fall catches of Campylomma Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1989. v. 82 verbasci (Heteroptera: Miridae) in traps baited (2). p. 354-364. Includes references. (NAL Call with females and density of nymphs in the No. : DNAL 421 J822) . spring. OEENAI. Smith, R.F. Borden, d.H. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Male mullein bugs, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), were 0834 captured in 27 traps baited with live females in the fall within 10 apple orchards in the Relationship between fruit phenology and Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. When the infestation by the apple maggot (Diptera: catches of males from 14 September to 13 Tephritidae) in Utah. October 1987 were compared with limb tap AESAAI. Messina, F.J. Jones, V.P. Lanham, Md. samples of nymphs in the following spring, the The Society. Annals of the Entomological relationships in the trap trees (r2 = 0.61) and Society of America. July 1990. v. 83 (4). p. trees adjacent to the trap trees (r2 = 0.56) 742-752. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: were significant. Similar positive DNAL 420 EN82). relationships occurred for four shorter trapping intervals but not for the final interval from 3 to 13 October, when trap catches were low. These results suggest that 0835 when a synthetic pheromone is available for this mirid, prediction of economic injury, Relationships between leaf: fruit ratio and levels may be made in the fall, 6-8 mo before varying levels of European red mite stress on egg hatch. Limb tap sampling in the spring fruit size and return bloom of apple. could then be concentrated in orchards with the JOSHB. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A.; Grimm, J.W. highest probability of damage to the crop. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the Journal of economic entomology. Aug 1990. v. 83 American Society for Horticultural Science. (4). p. 1506-1509. Includes references. (NAL July 1987. V. 112 (4). p. 608-612. Includes Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) . references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 0833 0836 Relationship between field efficacy and Relationships of foliar azinphosmethyl laboratory estimates of susceptibility to concentration, exposure time, and mortality for cyhexatin in populations of European red mite the apple maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae). (Acari: Tetranychidae) JEENAI. Stanley, B.H. Reissig, W.H.; Shoemaker, JEENAI. Welty, C. Reissig, W.H.; Dennehy, T.J.; C.A.; Robson, D.S. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Weires, R.W. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. A laboratory bioassay to Society of America. The relationship between study the effects of azinphosmethyl on adult field and laboratory estimates of apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), susceptibility to cyhexatin was studied for 2 mortality and oviposition was developed by yr in populations of European red mite (ERM), placing apple branches bearing f i e 1 d- weathered Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in commercial apple residues inside a wind tunnel. Repel lency by orchards. Field efficacy, expressed as azinphosmethyl that was observed in a previous reduction in cumulative mite-days in treated study did not occur. Thirty-six percent of the plots relative to untreated plots, was compared females died after 24 h of exposure to 29- to with mortality of field-collected ERM exposed 30-d-old residues, and the oviposition to cyhexatin residues in 24-h leafless punctures per females were 66% lower than that bioassays. In 1986, population susceptibility in the untreated controls. This reduction in to cyhexatin based on two early-season oviposition was greater than would have been applications in field trials was similar to expected from mortality alone and is probably that derived from laboratory bioassays for 12 caused by sublethal poisoning. These results of the 14 orchard populations that were imply that sufficient protection may be assessed. In 1987, bioassay response of six provided by older residues (greater than 14d) orchard populations was compared with the when apple maggot populations are low. efficacy of one versus two cyhexatin Mortality was described by two mathematical applications and with early-season versus models, which were corrected for the time that 116 . . s . . 1. (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) the flies spent on the nontoxic walls. The 1990. V. 83 (2). p. 320-324. Includes relationships developed in this study should references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822 ) contributed to the development of a " treat -when-needed " strategy for apple maggot control, dourna'l of economic entomology. June 1989. V. 82 (3). p. 895-905. Includes 0841 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the spotted tent i form leaf miner, Phyl lonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) , in 0837 southern Ontario. JEENAI. Pree, D.J. Marshall, D.B.: Archibald, Relative susceptibility to slide-dip D.E. College Park, Md. Entomological Society application of cyhexatin in three populations of America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr of Panoncyhus ulmi (Koch) in Virginia apple 1986. V. 79 (2). p. 318-322. Includes orchards references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Pfeiffer, D.G. Pfeiffer, S.W. Clemson, S.C. South Carolina Entomological Society. Journal of agricultural entomology. Oct 1986. v. 3 (4). p. 326-328. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB599.J69). 0842 Response of tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) neonates to selected insecticides. 0838 JEENAI. Knight, A.L. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md Entomological Society of America. Responses of Reproduction, development, and longevity of tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis Pholetesor ornigis ( Hymenoptera : Braconidae), a (Walker), neonates in direct spray and leaf parasitoid of spotted tentiform leaf miner residue bioassays with the organophosphate Graci 1 lari idae) , in the i , 1 i f (Lepidoptera: az nphosmethy 1 ch orpyr os , microencapsulated laboratory. methyl parathion, phosmet , and phosalone; the AESAAI. Ridgway, N.M. Mahr, D.L. Lanham, Md. : carbamates methomyl and thiodicarb; and the The Society. Annals of the Entomological pyrethroid fenvalerate were measured for a Society of America. July 1990. v. 83 (4). p. laboratory strain and for populations collected 790-794. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: from orchard at the Pennsylvania State DNAL 420 EN82). University Fruit Research Laboratory in Adams County, Pa. The relative ranking of pesticide toxicity for the laboratory strain was similar in both bioassays: pyrethroid is greater than 0839 carbamates is greater than organophosphates However, certain organophosphates such as Reproduction, development, longevity, and host chlorpyrifos and microencapsulated methyl mortality of Sympiesis maryl andensi parathion were much more effective in the leaf (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of residue than direct spray tests. Highest spotted tentiform leaf miner (Lepidoptera: resistance levels (field LC50/ 1 aboratory LC50) Graci 1 1 ari idae) , in the laboratory. were found for the organophosphates in both AESAAI. Ridgway. N.M. Mahr, D.L. Lanham, Md. tests (3- to 17-fold), especially with The Society. Annals of the Entomological az i nphosmethy 1 (17-fold). Carbamates and Society of America. July 1990. v. 83 (4). p. pyrethroids had low resistance levels (1- to 795-799. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 4-fold). Resistance levels to az i nphosmethy DNAL 420 EN82) were high (17- to 24-fold) within commercial and experimental apple orchards scattered throughout Adams County. Journal of economic entomology. Aug 1989. v. 82 (4). p. 1027-1032. 0840 Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 ja22) . Resistance to methomyl in populations of the spotted tentiform leaf miner (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) from southern Ontario. JEENAI. Pree, D.J. Marshall, D.B.; Archibald, 0843 D.E. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Laboratory bioassays with spotted Robustness in empirically based binomial tentiform leafminer, Phy 1 1 onorycter decision rules for integrated pest management. blancardella (F.), moths indicated the JEENAI. Binns, M.R. Bostanian, N.J. Lanham, Md. occurrence of 4-9-fold resistance to methomyl. Entomological Society of America. An Cross-resistance to oxamyl occurred at empirical linear relationship between log approximately the same levels. Resistance also -log(PT) and log (m) has been shown to exist occurred in larval stages. In the field, for samples from a wide variety of arthropod applications of methomyl timed for a species; m is the mean and PT is defined as the predominance of early instars overcame probability of getting no more than a resistance and were as effective as pyrethroids predetermined number (T) of individuals in a or d i f 1 ubenzuron . Surveys in 1984 and 1986 sample unit. Previously presented expressions indicated resistance was largely restricted to for the variance of the predicted values of m production areas in Norfolk County, Ontario, have often omitted terms that should be Canada. Journal of economic entomology. Apr present. One of these terms is shown to be 117 : . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) relatively large in relation to the whole, and embryonic development, were more accurate for the consequences of omitting the term are F1 and F2 than F3 and F4 generations. described. The operating characteristic curves Simulation results of the linear and nonlinear for decision making (e.g., to spray with models were similar with 40 of the 49 pesticide or not) based on the relationship are simulations comparing linear versus nonlinear shown to be sensitive to such a term. Ways of models not differing by more than 6 d of each minimizing its effect are described: choosing T other. Validation of the models for San Jose so that the linear fit is best and choosing scale was complicated in one apple orchard by higher values of T. Such remedies must be the presence of Forbes scale, Quadrasp i d i otus balanced against the costs of using a high forbesi (Johnson). Environmental entomology. value of T. Journal of economic entomology. Apr Aug 1990. V. 19 (4). p. 916-925. Includes 1990. V. 83 (2). p. 420-427. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0846 0844 Seasonal changes in resightings of marked, wild Role of predaceous ants in pear psylla Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) management: estimating f 1 ies in nature. colony size and foraging range of Formica FETMA. Opp, S.B. Prokopy, R.J. Gainesville, neoclara (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) through a Fla. Florida Entomological Society. Florida mark -recapture technique. entomologist. Dec 1987. v. 70 (4). p. 449-456. JEENAI. Paulson, G.S. Akre, R.D. Lanham, Md. : Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 Entomological Society of America. The foraging F662) . range of Formica neoclara (Emery) workers, determined through the use of a mark-release-recapture technique in which ants were marked with fast-drying enamel spray paint 0847 was approximately 7.6 m, with an estimated foraging area of 179 m2 per colony. Ants from a Seasonal studies of grape phylloxera, green single nest foraged in as many as five trees. June beetle and grape berry moth. Ants from separate nests did not forage in the Johnson, D.T. Domek , J.; Mayes, R.L.; Lewis, same trees, indicating that each colony had B.A. Fayettev i 1 1 e , Ark. Arkansas State discrete foraging territories. Worker Horticultural Society. Proceedings of the ... populations ranged from 500 to 24,500; annual meeting - Arkansas State Horticultural approximately 28% of the worker population were Society. 1986. (107th). p. 133-139. Includes foragers. Worker population was positively references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB21.A7A7). related to nest size. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1991. v. 84 (5). p. 1437-1440. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) . 0848 Seasonality of catch of pear psylla Cacopsylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae) on yellow 0845 traps EVETEX. Krysan, J.L. Horton, D.R. Lanham, Md . : San Jose scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Entomological Society of America. Sampling of simulation of seasonal phenology in North summer form and winter form pear psylla, Carolina orchards. Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), was undertaken EVETEX. McClain, D.C. Rock. G.C.; Stinner, R.E. during four years and in two orchards using Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. three methods: yellow sticky traps, clear Orchard temperatures and pheromone trap catch sticky traps, and beating tray (limb jar data and crawler hatch data for nine techniques). Catches on yellow and clear sticky orchard-years were used to validate the traps were positively correlated; correlations accuracy of physiological time models in between trap catches and beating tray numbers simulating the time intervals for one tended to be nonsignificant. Catch of summer generation between male flight peaks, and forms and fall populations of winter forms was crawler peaks, as well as the interval between much greater on yellow traps than on clear male flight peaks and crawler peaks (embryonic traps. In early spring (before bud break) clear development) of four seasonal generations of traps captured as many or more psylla than the San Jose scale, Quadrasp i d i otus pernicious yellow traps; but yellow traps caught far more (Comstock) in North Carolina orchards. Linear psylla as green tissue appeared on pear trees. (degree-days) models simulated within +/- 1 wk Differences in numbers caught on the two colors the interval for all male flight peaks between were larger for traps hung at the higher of two overwintering and F1 generations, while a heights; however, in percentage terms nonlinear model simulated within +/- 1 wk all (percentage of total captures occurring on but one male flight peak between overwintering yellow), no position effects were noted. and F1 generations. The models were less Catches of spring populations of winter forms accurate for simulating intervals of flight on sticky traps were highly biased toward male peaks between F1 to F2 and F2 to F3 psylla. Similar trends in sex ratio bias were generations. Likewise, model simulations of the noted for the earliest spring beating tray time interval for one generation between samples; male bias decreased on successive crawler hatch peaks, and the time required for sampling dates. Environmental entomology. Apr 118 . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 1991. V. 20 (2). p. 626-634. Includes 0852 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). Sensitivity of tufted apple budmoth (Lepldoptera: Tortricldae) larval instars to photoperiodic induction of diapause at 21C. 0849 GENSAB. Rock. G.C. Tifton, Ga . : The Society. Journal of Entomological Science. Apr 1985. v. Seasonality of mating and ovarian development 20 (2). p. 143-145. Includes references. (NAL In overwintering Cacopsylla pyrlcola Call No.: DNAL 0L461.G4). (Homoptera: Psyllidae). EVETEX. Krysan. J.L. Higbee, B.S. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyrlcola (Foerster), overwinters as 0853 an adult In reproductive diapause that is Initiated and maintained by short photoperiod. Sequential classification of prey/predator In autumn, females have Immature ovaries and ratio with application to European red mite few are mated. Coincident with warm field (Acari : Tetranychidae) and Typhlodromus pyri termperatures in late winter, their ovaries (Acari : Phytosei idae) in New York apple mature and most of them become mated. The mean orchards number of spermatophores per female varied from JEENAI. Nyrop, J. P. Lanham, Md. : Entomological 5.3 to 16.5 (range, 0-63) among populations Society of America. A sequential sampling from three orchards sampled in the spring. procedure for calssifying the ratio of Newly emerged laboratory-reared winterform prey/predators with respect to a critical ratio (diapause) males have active sperm in the was developed. This procedure was combined with testes and seminal vesicles. In autumn, a sequential density classification procedure field-collected winterform males have sperm in for use in sampling European red mite the siminal vesicles, but the rate of (Panonychus ulml (Koch)) and a phytosei id insemination of females is very low if males predator, Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) in New are held In the laboratory under short York apple orchards. Use of the sequential photoperiod of 10:14 (L:D). The rate of procedure would result in greater than or equal insemination Increases greatly after' such males to 40% savings In sample size for many prey and are conditioned at a long photoperiod of 16:8 predator densities. Frequencies of erroneous (L:0) for about 10 d. As winter progresses, classification were similar for the sequential there is a decrease in the duration of the procedure and a fixed sample size procedure conditioning required to permit mating. The that used the maximum number of samples that ability of males to mate with females appears might be taken when using the sequential to be under control of the diapause syndrome. method. To use the sequential ratio Environmental entomology. June 1990. v. 19 (3). classification procedure, variance-mean models p. 544-550. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: for the prey and predator are required as well DNAL 0L461 . E532) as knowledge of the correlation between these two populations. Sensitivity analysis showed that the procedure, as applied to European red mite and T. pyri, is robust with respect to 0850 variation in this correlation. Journal of economic entomology. Feb 1988. v. 81 (1). p. Seasonality of mating and reproduction in pear 14-21. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL psyl la. 421 ja22). WSEPA. Krysan, J.L. Higbee, B.S. Pullman, Wash. : The Society. Proceedings of the Washington State Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 and September 17, 1988, Yakima, 0854 Washington. 1988. (50). p. 866. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 .W3) Sex pheromone components of the oblique-branded leaf roller, Choristoneura rosaceana in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. JCECD. Vakenti, J.M. Gaunce, A. P.; Slessor, 0851 K.N.; King. G.G.S.; Allan, S.A.; Madsen. H.F.; Borden, J.H. New York. N.Y. : Plenum Press. Selective control program for the pear pest Journal of chemical ecology. Feb 1988. v. 14 complex In southern Oregon. (2). p. 605-621. Includes references. (NAL Call JEENAI. Westigard, P.H. Gut, L.d.; Liss. W.d. No. : DNAL QD415. A1 J6) . College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Feb 1986. V. 79 (1). p. 250-257. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 0855 Simulated spotted tent 1 form leaf miner injury and its influence on growth and fruiting of apple trees. JOSHB. Kappel . F. Proctor. J.T.A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Jan 1986. v. 111 (1). p. 64-69. Includes 24 references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) 119 ...... (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) 0856 orchards. The data were compared for fit to the Poisson and negative binomial distributions and Site selection for oviposit ion and larval described using Iwao's regression technique and feeding by the tufted apple bud moth Taylor's power law. C. verbasci was moderately (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on apple in aggregated on apple; the basic components of Pennsylvania. the population were groups of nymphs or single OESCEP. Meagher, R.L. Jr. Hull, L.A. Tifton, adults. Taylor's coefficients, a = 1.686 and b = Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society. Journal of 1.284, were used as a basis for sampling, and entomological science. Jan 1991. v. 26 (1). p. optimal sample sizes of 47, 29, and 19 taps per 149-156. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0.5 ha of orchard were calculated for densities DNAL 0L461 . G4 ) . o* 1, 2, and 4 nymphs per tap, respectively. A fixed precision level sampling plan and a sequential decision plan were developed for rapid estimation of population densities within 0857 apple orchards. Environmental entomology. June 1989. V. 18 (3). p. 398-402. Includes SN 72129 and avermectin B1, two new pesticides references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). for control of pear psylla, Psylla pyricola ( Homoptera : Psy 1 1 i dae ) JEENAI. Bunts, E.G. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of 0862 economic entomology. Dec 1985. v. 78 (6). p. 1327-1330. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Spatial dynamics and sampling of Lyonetia DNAL 421 J822). speculella (Lepidoptera: Lyoneti idae) , a leaf miner of apple. EVETEX. Brown, M.W. Lanham, Md . Entomological Society of America. The abundance of Lyonetia 0858 speculella Clemens larvae on each tree of a 1.25-ha apple orchard, planted in 1986, was Some apple insects of Connecticut /by G.H. determined monthly from June to September 1986 Lamson and May to September 1987. In both years, the Lamson, G. H. 1882-1931. Storrs, Conn. : Storrs abundance of L. speculella was low initially, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1912. Cover increased in early summer, remained constant title, p. 48-83 : ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: through midsummer, and increased again at the DNAL 100 C76S no . 7 1 ) end of the summer. L. speculella abundance per tree was aggregated, but the distribution of infested trees was initially random, then regular for the remainder of each year. The 0859 initial increase in abundance was caused by an increase in the percentage of the trees Some effects of parental rearing conditions and infested and the late summer increase by an age on progeny birth weight, growth, increase in aggregation on infested trees. development, and reproduction in the apple There were differences in distribution of mines aphid. Aphis pomi (Homoptera: Aphididae). between Northern Spy' and Red Delicious' EVETEX. Carroll, D.P. Hoyt, S.C. College Park, because of phenological and growth habit Md. : Entomological Society of America. differences between the two cultivars. An Environmental entomology. June 1986. v. 15 (3). application of oxamyl in 1986 temporarily p. 614-619. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: altered the spatial distribution of L. DNAL 0L461 . E532) speculella, increasing the aggregation and decreasing the percentage of the trees infested for the sample following oxamyl application. A graph of the relationship between sample size 0860 and sampling precision is provided to estimate required sample size for future studies. Spatial and seasonal distribution of damage to Random, systematic, random cluster, and apples by Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald) and systematic cluster sampling designs were all Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott. equally effective in simulated sampling from Zalom, F. Pickel, C. Clemson, S.C. : South the field data. Environmental entomology. Oct Carolina Entomological Society. Journal of 1989. V. 18 (5). p. 895-880. Includes agricultural entomology. Jan 1988. v. 5 (1). p. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). 11-15. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB599. J69) 0863 0861 Spatial scale of fenvalerate resistance in pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and its Spatial dispersion and sampling of Campy lomma relationship to treatment history. verbasci (Heteroptera: Miridae) on apple. JEENAI. Tabashnik, B.E. Croft, B.A.; Rosenheim, EVETEX. Thistlewood, H.M.A. Lanham, Md J. A. Lanham, Md . Entomological Society of Entomological Society of America. The spatial America. Data on fenvalerate susceptibility, dispersion of Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) on pyrethroid use, and related information for 48 apple was determined in 166 sets of limb-tap sites in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, samples from 11 commercial and 4 research and California were analyzed to clarify the 120 . . . . : (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) spatial scale and causes of fenvalenate 0867 resistance in pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster. LC50's for fenvalerate varied Spraying apple orchards for insects and fungi significantly among regions and subregions. The /by B.S. Pickett. number of pyrethroid treatments per site Pickett, B. S. 1882-. Urbana, 111. : University explained a significant portion of the of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, variation in fenvalerate LC50 over all sites, 1908. Cover title. 36 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. within regions, and within subregions. For a Includes bibliographical references. (NAL Call given number of pyrethroid treatments, the No.: DNAL 275.29 IL62C no. 120). expected LC50 for fenvalerate varied significantly among regions and subregions. W i th i n-season timing of pyrethroid treatments, continuity of pyrethroid use, intensity of pear 0868 production in the surrounding area, and number of pyrethroid treatments at neighboring sites Spring migration, wi thi n-orchard dispersal, and were not significantly associated with LCSO's apple-tree preference of plum curculio for fenvalerate. Prospects for managing (Coleoptera: Curcul ionidae) in southern Quebec. resistance to fenvalerate are best in Oregon JEENAI. Lafleur, G. Hill, S.B. Lanham, Md. and California (where levels of resistance were Entomological Society of America. Labeled generally lower) compared with Washington and (65Zn) adult plum curculio (PC), Conotrachel us British Columbia. Results showing that local nenuphar (Herbst), that migrated to adjacent variation in LC50 for fenvalerate was woodlots in fall 1982 reinfested the orchard in significantly associated with local variation spring 1983. Spring migration is thought to in pyrethroid use suggest that growers can include both a mass migration in a preferred reduce local increases in resistance by direction (the reverse of fall migration limiting pyrethroid treatments. Journal of direction) and an exploratory component by economic entomology. Aug 1990. v. 83 (4). p. which PC seek optimal feeding and oviposition 1177-1183. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: sites. A northwestern tendency was observed DNAL 421 J822). among PC migrating in one orchard in spring. PC were most active between 12 May (before tight cluster) and 27 June (June drop), with the highest speed of dispersion (4.4 m per insect 0864 per day) at fruit set. After emergence and migration to host trees, PC were found on the Special apple Insect problems and controls. ground under apple trees, individually and in MUCBA. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service. groups of up to 14 with equal numbers of each Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension sex. As the growing season progressed, PC moved Service, Michigan State University. Dec 1986. from outside rows adjacent to woodlots toward (E-154). p. 27-28. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 the center of the orchard, possibly searching M58B) for food, oviposition sites, and trees offering sufficient protection from desiccation. PC were more abundant in the southeastern part of the orchard and on early cultivars of trees with 0865 dense foliage. Implications for control and future research are discussed. Journal of Spectral response of the compound eye of the economic entomology. Dec 1987. v. 80 (6). p. wild and 1 aboratory- reared apple maggot f1y, 1173-1187. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Rhago 1 et i s pomone 11a. DNAL 421 J822) . Agee, H.R. Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society. Journal of agricultural entomology. Apr 1985. v. 2 (2). p. 147-154. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0869 SB599. J69) Spring migration, wi thin-orchard dispersal, and apple-tree preference of Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curcul ionidae) in southern Quebec. 0866 JEENAl". Lafleur, G. Hill, S.B. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal Spider mite management on pome fruits, of economic entomology. Dec 1987. v. 80 (6). p. revisited: organotin and acaricide resistance 1173-1187. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call management No. : DNAL 421 J822) JEENAI. Croft, B.A. Hoyt , S.C; Westigard. P.H. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1987. V. 80 (2). p. 304-311. Includes 0870 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Stability of cyhexatin resistance in field populations of European red mite (Acari Tetranychidae) JEENAI. Welty, C. Reissig, W.H.; Dennehy, T.J.; Weires, R.W. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Two field populations of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), that were resistant to cyhexatin were exposed for 2 121 . . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) yr to three different levels of selection 0872 pressure by cyhexatin to determine whether resistance was stable under field conditions. Study of female sex pheromone of leopard moth, Populations of European red mites from field Zeuzera pyrina L. : isolation and identification plots where pressure with cyhexatin was of three components. intensive, limited, or absent were periodically JCECD. Tonini, C. Cassani, G.; Massardo, P.; cyhexatin i , tested for susceptibility to residues Gugl el mett i G. ; Castellari, P.L. New York, with a 24-h leafless bioassay technique. By N.Y. : Plenum Press. Journal of chemical late in the second year, mites from the plot ecology. Includes statistical data. June 1986. where no cyhexatin had been applied were as V. 12 (6). p. 1545-1558. Includes references. susceptible to cyhexatin in bioassay as mites (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0D415.A1J6). from the intensively treated plot. After at least 10 generations without selection pressure, the frequency of mites that were phenotypical 1 y resistant to cyhexatin appeared 0873 to be stable in these populations. Journal of economic entomology. June 1989. v. 82 (3). p. Study of spiders which control numbers of pests 692-697. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: on apple trees. DNAL 421 J822). Anchipanova, Ya.Ya. New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press. Soviet agricultural sciences. Translated from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia sel ' skokhoz i a i stvennykh nauk, Doklady, (11), 0871 1986, p. 46-48. (20 AK1). 1986. (11). p. 78-80. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Statistical methods for analyzing discrete SI .S68) responses of insects tested repeatedly. EVETEX. Stanek, E.J. III. Diehl, S.R.; Dgetluck, N. ; Stokes, M.E.; Prokopy, R.J. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. 0874 A common study design in entomology involves repeated measurement of a b i nary- response A summary of research on synthetic pyrethroids variable on a set of individual insects or and mites in the apple orchard ecosystem. populations under different treatment OARCB. Hall, F.R. Wooster, Ohio : The Center. conditions. An appropriate analysis of such Research circular - Ohio Agricultural Research data will allow patterns over time to be and Development Center. July 1986. (290). p. compared between experimental groups, while 49-51. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL accounting for the correlations among the 100 0H3R) repeated tests of individuals or populations. We illustrate such an analysis using weighted least squares methods for repeated measurement of oviposition respones of Rhagoletis pomonella 0875 (Walsh) adult female flies to two types of test fruit at four ages. We tested for differences Summer evaluation of hexythiazox and in host acceptance behavior of adult flies clofentezine against three spider mite species originating as larvae from naturally infested in North Carolina apple orchards. apple versus hawthorn fruit, and effect (if Rock, G.C. Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina any) of fly age on this difference. Techniques Entomological Society. Journal of agricultural for model development, analysis of correlation entomology. Jan 1987. v. 4 (1). p. 55-60. structure, and hypothesis testing are Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL presented. In the particular study considered, SB599. J69) there was evidence of a linear increase over age in oviposition propensity for three of four 1 i arval -or i g n/ test -f ru i t groups. The difference between flies of apple versus hawthorn larval 0876 origin when tested on apples was shown to be age-dependent, whereas the difference in Survival of European red mite on apples with response to hawthorn was consistent over the different levels of susceptibility to powdery range of ages tested in this study. These mi 1dew. methods are appropriate for a variety of HJHSA. Goonewardene. H.F. Kwolek, W.F.; experimental designs commonly used in Williams, E.B. Alexandria, Va. : American i tox col og i cal , physiological, behavioral, Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. ecological, and genetic studies of insects. Oct 1986. V. 21 (5). p. 1222-1224. Includes Environmental entomology. Apr 1987. v. 16 (2). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). p. 319-326. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 . E532) 0877 Susceptibility of Mai us spp. to the apple blotch leafminer ( Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) EVETEX. Aim, S.R. Weires, R.W.; Lamb, R.C; Nielsen, R.A.; Vankirk, J.R. College Park, Md Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. June 1985. v. 14 (3), 122 . . . . ' . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) p. 228-230. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0881 DNAL QL461 . E532) . Temperature-dependent models for simulating nondiapause development in Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North Carolina. 0878 EVETEX. Boyne, J.V. Rock, G.C; Stinner, R.E. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of Susceptibility of selected shade and flowering America. Environmental entomology. Dec 1985. v. trees to gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: 14 (6). p. 785-789. Includes references. (NAL Lymantri idae) Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). JEENAI. Peterson, N.C. Smitley, D.R. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Twenty-one shade and flowering trees were planted in a cultivated opening surrounded on 0882 three sides by gypsy moth- i nf ested forest stands. Three Malus cultivars, Salix Temperature integrator reduces spraying. babylonica, Acer platanoides 'Royal Red' and AGREA. Sherman, H. Washington, D.C. : The 'Crimson Sentry,' and Prunus cerasifera Administration. Agricultural research - U.S. 'Thundercloud' were the most heavily defoliated Department of Agriculture, Agricultural (30-70%) each year. Acer rubrum 'Northwood' and Research Service. Jan 1986. v. 34 (1). p. 14. 'October Glory,' Tilia cordata 'Greenspi re, (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84). and Tilia americana suffered low to moderate defoliation (4-20%). Acer platanoides 'Emerald Queen,' Acer saccharinum, Fraxinus pennsy 1 van i ca 'Marshall Seedless,' Platanus X 0883 acerifolia 'Bloodgood,' Pyrus calleryana 'Redspire,' Acer platanoides 'Deborah,' Prunus Tenporal distribution of Phyllonorycter serrulata 'Kwanzan,' Gleditsia triacanthos var. elmaella (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 1 ari idae) and its imermis 'Sunburst,' and Magnolia X soulangiana major parasitoid, Pnigalio flavipes lost <4.0% of their foliage because of gypsy ( Hymenoptera : Eulophidae), in Washington apple moth feeding injury. A wide range of host plant orchards. resistance levels among cultivars of A. EVETEX. Barrett, B.A. Brunner, J.F. Lanham, Md. platanoides and species of Acer and Prunus : Entomological Society of America. indicates a need for evaluating cultivars of Environmental entomology. Apr 1990. v. 19 (2). shade trees susceptible to gypsy moth. In a p. 362-369. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: separate study at the same site, Acer rubrum DNAL 0L461 . E532) 'Northwood' planted in the cultivated opening was more heavily defoliated (14.4%) by gypsy moth larvae than similar trees planted in the adjacent forest stand (6.6%). Journal of 0884 economic entomology. Apr 1991. v. 84 (2). p. 587-592. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Temporal variability in repeated bioassays of DNAL 421 0822) field populations of European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae): implications for resistance moni toring. JEENAI. Martinson, T.E. Nyrop, J. P.; Denndhy, 0879 T.J.; Reissig, W.H. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Discrimination bioassays Susceptibility to hexythiazox of eggs and are increasingly being used to detect larvae of European red mite (Acari: resistance and estimate the frequency (F) of Tetranychidae) resistant (R) phenotypes in field populations. JEENAI. Welty, C. Reissig, W.H.; Dennehy, T.J.'; The proportion of survivors in discriminating Weires, R.W. College Park, Md. : Entomological bioassays is thought to measure the frequency Society of America. Journal of economic of R phenotypes in the population. External entomology. Apr 1988. v. 81 (2). p. 586-592. factors that cause physiological stress in a Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 field population may alter response to a J822) discriminating concentration and affect estimates of F. Because susceptible (S) phenotypes already die at the discriminating concentration, only the response of R 0880 phenotypes changes. Thus, estimates of F will be biased and populations under stress will Techniques to measure azinphosmethyl resistance appear to be more susceptible than they really in Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: are. Repeated discriminating bioassays of the Tortricidae) European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), JEENAI. Meagher, R.L. Jr. Hull. L.A. College showed variability in estimates of F. Repeated Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. bioassays of P. ulmi from commercial apple Journal of economic entomology. Aug 1986. v. 79 orchards were used to construct a cumulative (4). p. 1130-1133. Includes references. (NAL distribution function that describes the Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). probability that R phenotypes die in the discriminating bioassay. This distribution function was then used in simulations to explore the effect of day-to-day variability in tolerance of R phenotypes on resistance 123 ...... (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) monitoring programs, Journal of economic 0889 entomology. Aug 1991 V. 84 (4) . p. 11 19-1 127. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 Timing treatments for apple maggot (Oiptera: J822) Tephri tidae) control using sticky sphere traps baited with synthetic apple volatiles. JEENAI. Stanley, B.H. Reissig, W.H.; Roelofs, W.L.; Schwarz, M.R.; Shoemaker, C.A. College 0885 Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1987. v. 80 Ten-Striped June beetle. (5). p. 1057-1063. Includes references. (NAL ALMFA. Van Steenwyk, B. Rough, D. Sacramento, Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Calif. : California Almond Growers Exchange. Almond facts. Mar/Apr 1986. v. 51 (2). p. 31. in. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 280.28 AL62). 0890 Toxicity of avermectin B1 to San Jose scale 0886 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) crawlers, and effects on orchard mites by crawler sprays compared Thermal and thermoperiodic effects on larval with full -season applications. and pupal development and survival in tufted JEENAI. Pfeiffer, D.G. College Park, Md. apple bud moth ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Entomological Society of America. Journal of EVETEX. Rock. G.C. College Park, Md. economic entomology. Dec 1985. v. 78 (6). p. Entomological Society of America. Environmental 1421-1424. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: entomology. Oct 1985. v. 14 (5). p. 637-640. DNAL 421 J822) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461 . E532) 0891 0887 Toxicity of slide dip application of five Insecticides to apple aphid and spirea aphid Three common insect pests of western Washington ( Homoptera : Aph 1 d 1 dae ) /by W.H. Lawrence. JESCEP. Hogmire, H.W. Brown, M.W.; Crim, V.L. Lawrence, William Hurford, 1877- . Pullman, Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society. Wash. : Washington State Agricultural College Journal of entomological science. Jan 1990. v. and School of Science, Experiment Station, 25 (1). p. 10-15. Includes references. (NAL 1904. Cover title. 14 p. ; 22 cm. (NAL Call Call No.: DNAL 0L461.G4). No.: DNAL 100 W27E no. 65). 0892 0888 Transitional step toward second-stage Timing of mite injury affects the bloom and integrated management of arthropod pests of fruit development of apple. apple in Massachusetts orchards. JEENAI. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md. JEENAI. Prokopy, R.J. Christie, M.; Johnson, Entomological Society of America. The time when S.A.; O'Brien, M.T. Lanham, Md . Entomological injury by the European red mite, Panonychus Society of America. The practice of integrated ulmi (Koch), occurs on an apple tree was pest management (IPM) may occur at multiple studied to determine if yield components and levels and at more than one stage within a vegetative growth were affected. Apple trees level. In managing arthropod pests of apple, we were subjected to about 1,000 cumulative mite consider the first stage of the first level days at three different times: early season (first-stage IPM) to be the use of multiple (early May to mid-June), midseason (mid-June to integrated approaches for determining need and 1 August), and late season (1 August to optimal timing of application of a single mid-October). Midseason injury resulted in the technique of pest control: sprays of toxic greatest reduction in mean fruit weight at pesticide. We consider the second stage of the harvest as well as return bloom and fruit load first level (second-stage IPM) to be fully the following season. Late-season injury integrated use of multiple techniques of pest resulted in a reduction of return bloom. control, including behavioral, cultural, Early-season injury did not result in biological, and pesticidal methods. As a significant differences from the control for transitional step to eventual use of all any of the response variables measured. On components of a second-stage IPM approach, we defruited trees, return bloom, percentage of evaluated application of insecticide every 3 wk set, and fruit load were not affected by (beginning in early July) to apple trees at the early-season mite injury of the previous year. perimeter of orchards as a substitute for use Percentage of set was not related to of interception traps for behavioral control of early-season injury occurring the same year. immigrating apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 pomonella (Walsh). Remaining second-stage IPM (2). p. 547-551. Includes references. (NAL Call components were implemented, with the orchard No. : DNAL 421 J822) interior free of insecticide and acaricide application after early June. Results over 3 yr (1987-1989) in six commercial orchard test 124 . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) blocks of about 1 ha each showed that fruit orchards. By starting model simulations at the injury by apple maggot was about the same date in which larval postdiapause development during the first 2 yr in test blocks as in was calculated to begin, linear (degree-day) nearby control blocks sprayed under and nonlinear models were accurate within +/- 1 grower- impl emented first-stage IPM practices. wk in simulating spring flight peaks for 19 and In the third year, however, injury in the test 20 of the 21 orchard-year combinations, blocks was significantly greater, Teaching respectively. Nonlinear models predict the male 1.2%. Fruit injury by Lepidoptera and other spring flight peaks with an accuracy of +/- 1 summer pests was very low in all blocks in all wk simulated 5-22 d in advance by using actual years (0-0.3%). Except for mites (which were orchard temperatures during the first 70% not always effectively controlled in test postdiapause development of P. idaeusalis and blocks by predators), populations of other then using 5-yr (1976-80) average hourly principal foliar pests were little different in orchard temperatures thereafter. Environmental test blocks compared with control blocks. entomology. Apr 1988. v. 17 (2). p. 271-274. Average annual costs of insecticide and Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL acaricide applications were about $310 and $470 QL461 . E532) per hectare in test and control blocks, respectively. We conclude that restricting insecticide application to perimeter row apple trees after early June. Journal of economic 0897 entomology. Dec 1990. v. 83 (6). p. 2405-2410. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Tufted apple budmoth (Lepidoptera: J822) . Tortricidae): simulation of wi thi n-season phenology in North Carolina. EVETEX. Stinner, R.E. Rock, G.C; Bacheler, J.E. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society 0893 of America. In-orchard temperatures and pheromone trap catch data for 21 orchard-year Transplanting ants to pear orchards for psylla (1976-80) combinations were used to compare the control accuracy of physiological time models in WUEXA. Akre, R.D. Paulson, G.S. Pullman, Wash. simulating and predicting the time intervals - : The Service. Extension bulletin Washington between male flight peaks of bivoltine State University, Cooperative Extension populations of the tufted apple budmoth, Service. In subseries: Insect Answers. Aug Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), in North 1991. (1590). 4 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 Carolina apple orchards. Linear models (degree W27P) . days) were not accurate within +/- 1 wk for simulating the time intervals between flight peaks for more than 16 of the 21 orchard-year combinations. A nonlinear model simulates 0894 within +/- 1 wk the interval between flight peaks for 20 of the 21 orchard-year Trap moths effectively. combinations provided that the time of the peak Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Publishing Company. of the first flight is known, the model American fruit grower. June 1985. v. 105 (6). simulates two generations rather than one, and p. 35. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85). orchard temperatures are known. The nonlinear model predicts (+/- 1 wk accuracy) second flight peaks several weeks in advance by using actual orchard temperatures during the first 0895 80% of P. idaeusalis development and then using 5-yr (1976-80) average hourly orchard The tufted apple budmoth. temperatures during the final 20% of Walgenbach, J.F. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service. development. Environmental entomology. Apr AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension 1988. V. 17 (2). p. 266-270. Includes Service, North Carolina State University. Jan references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461.E532). 1990. (422). 2 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N6N62 ) 0898 0896 Types of parasite id- induced mortality, host stage preferences, and sex ratios exhibited by Tufted apple budmoth (Lepidoptera: Pnigalio flavipes ( Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) Tortricidae) : simulation of postdiapause using Phyl lonorycter elmaella (Lepidoptera: development and prediction of spring adult Graci 1 1 ari idae) as a host. emergence in North Carolina. EVETEX. Barrett, B.A. Brunner, J.F. Lanham, Md. EVETEX. Stinner, R.E. Rock, G.C.; Bacheler, : Entomological Society of America. The J.E. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society different types of paras i to i d- i nduced of America. In-orchard temperatures and mortality, host stage preferences, and sex pheromone trap catch data for 21 orchard-year ratio exhibited by Pnigalio flavipes (Ashmead) (1976-80) combinations were used to compare the to its host, Phy 1 1 onorycter elmaella Doganlar & accuracy of physiological time models in Mutuura, was investigated in commercial apple simulating and predicting male spring emergence orchards in central Washington. The of the tufted apple budmoth, Platynota parasi toid- induced mortality of Phy 1 1 onorycter Idaeusalis (Walker), in North Carolina apple elmaella consisted on average of 57.2% host 125 . (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) stinging with oviposition, 32.7% host feeding, 0901 and 10.1% host stinging without oviposition. Pnigalio flavipes laid eggs on Phy 1 1 onorycter Use of sticky traps and limb jarring to aid in elmaella tissue feeders (fourth and fifth pest management decisions for summer instars) an average of 5.4 times more than it populations of the pear psy11a (Homoptera: did on sap feeders (first-third instars), but Psyllidae) in Connecticut. host-fed on sap feeders an average of 12.1 JEENAI. Adams, R.G. Los, L.M. Lanham, Md. times more than on tissue feeders. When healthy Entomological Society of America. Effectiveness tissue feeders became scarce later in the of Lightning Yellow sticky traps for monitoring season, Pnigalio flavipes began to lay eggs on summer populations of adult pear psylla, Psylla previously attacked tissue feeders pyricola Foerster, was evaluated at three ( superparas i t i ze ) and then switched to laying heights, three orientations, and in four eggs on sap feeders. The sex ratio (M:F) of quadrants of pear trees. Traps placed at a Pnigalio flavipes reared from tissue feeders height of 1.2 to 1.8 m aboveground in the south was almost 1 to 1. Only male Pnigalio flavipes quadrant of pear trees were more significantly were reared from sap feeders. Environmental correlated with pear psylla egg and nymph entomology. June 1990. v. 19 (3). p. 803-807. infestations than other trap positions tested. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Vertically positioned traps captured 0L461.E532). significantly more pear psylla than horizontal traps. Trap captures from all orientations were significantly correlated with egg and nymph infestations. Relationships between trap and 0899 limb jarring counts of adults and infestations of eggs and nymphs were determined by Understanding the apple maggot. regression analyses. Both adult monitoring UTSCB. Davis, D.W. Jones, V.P. Logan : The methods were equally effective in predicting Station. Utah Science - Utah Agricultural shoot infestations of eggs and nymphs. The Experiment Station. Fall 1986. v. 47 (3). p. action thresholds for either eggs or nymphs 94-97. ill., maps. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 were very similar. Based on the nymph data, UT1F) . action thresholds of 4.4 to 6.9 pear psylla per trap per day or 1.0 to 1.2 per limb jar are suggested for adult moni toning. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (5). p. 0900 1448-1454. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) . Use of sex pheromone traps to monitor azi nphosmethyl resistance in tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JEENAI. Knight, A.L. Hull, L.A. Lanham, Md. 0902 Entomological Society of America. The use of sex pheromone traps to monitor the Use of thematic mapper data for the detection susceptibility of adult male tufted apple bud of forest damage caused by the pear thrips. moths, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), to RSEEA. Vogelmann, J.E. Rock, B.N. New York, az i nphosmethy 1 was investigated in laboratory N.Y. Elsevier Science Publishing. Remote experiments and field trials in a number of sensing of environment. Dec 1989. v. 30 (3). p. apple orchards in southcentral Pennsylvania and 217-225. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL West Virginia. Two techniques were compared: Cal 1 No. : DNAL Q184.R4) . the topical treatment of males caught on the trap's sticky surface and the incorporation of the insecticide directly into the adhesive. For both techniques, the site of application 0903 (dorsal compared with ventral), the duration of the assay, and the sex of the insect were Using pear cultivars in the management of the important in laboratory experiments. However, pear pest complex. moth age and mating status were not significant PWHAA. Westigard, P. Sugar. D.; Gonzalves, P.; factors in topical application bioassays. Hilton, R. Wenatchee. Wash. : The Association. Compared with the laboratory strain, LDSO's of Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural populations from apple orchards were 2 to 8 Association. 1989. (85th). p. 206-209. ill. times greater in the topical application (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). bioassays and 6 to 18 times greater in the adhesive incorporation assay. Significant changes in male response to az i nphosmethy 1 were found among broods in some orchards. These 0904 changes appeared to be correlated with the seasonal insecticide use patterns. Topical Validation of injury thresholds for European application bioassays indicated a sublethal red mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) on 'Yorking' effect from prior field insecticide sprays up and 'Delicious' apple. to 2 d after application. Journal of economic JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Beers, E.H. Lanham. Md. : entomology. Aug 1989. v. 82 (4). p. 1019-1026. Entomological Society of America. Injury Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 thresholds for the European red mite. J822) . Panonychusu 1 m i (Koch), were validated for two major apple (Malus X domestica 1 t i 'Yorking' Borkhauser )cu vars , and 'Delicious,' in Pennsylvania. Four target 126 ...... (PESTS OF PLANTS - INSECTS) injury thresholds (0,250, 750, and 1,250 0909 cumulative mite days CMD per leaf) were established on trees for 1 or 2 yr.Most of mite 1986 conunercial apple spray guide. injury occurred during July and August. Effects Gorsuch, C.S. Miller, R.W. Clemson, S.C. : The of injury were determinedon mean fruit weight, Service. Information card - Clemson University. soluble solids, fruit firmness, fruit color, as Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1986. well as returnbloom, percentage of fruit set, (110, rev.). 8 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 and fruit load the year following injury. Only S08I ) . the target injurythreshold level of 1,250 CMDs caused any reduction in yield variables, and this occurred onlyduring the year after mite injury. These reductions occurred for return 0910 bloom, percentage of fruit set, and return fruit load and only for the cultivar 'Yorking.' Mite 1988 commercial apple. Insect, disease & weed injury had no effectduring current season. control guide. Adoption of an injury threshold of 750 CMDs is McVay, J.R. Gazaway , W.; Powell, A.; Latham, proposed for applesin Pennsylvania. Hypotheses A.J.; Kouskolekas, C.A.; Patterson, M.G.; are presented to help explain differences in Everest, J.W.; . Auburn, Ala. : The Service. results of our study compared with those of Circular ANR - Cooperative Extension Service, previous studies. Journal of economic Auburn University. In subseries: Integrated entomology. Oct 1990. v. 83 (5). p. 2026-2031. Pest Management. Jan 1988. (11). 12 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 (NAL Call No.; DNAL S544 . 3 . A2C47 ) J822) 0911 0905 1988 Illinois commercial tree fruit spray Variation in host fruit volatlles attractive to schedules / prepared by S.M. Ries . . . et a1 . . apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. Ries, S. M. Urbana : Cooperative Extension JCECD. Carle, S.A. Averill, A.L.; Rule. G.S.; Service, University of Illinois at Reissig, W.H.; Roelofs, W.L. New York, N.Y. Urbana-Champa i gn , 1988 . Abstract: This guide Plenum Press. Journal of chemical ecology. Apr for commercial tree fruit growers includes 1988 1987. V. 13 (4). p. 795-805. Includes Illinois tree fruit spray schedules and references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QD415.A1J6). pesticide recommendations for apple, peach, cherry, pear and plum crops. It provides information on fungicide, insecticide and muticide harvest restrictions, mouse and weed 0906 control, growth regulators, chemical thinning, pesticide handling, safety, and Integrated Pest Visual monitoring trap for the apple blotch Management (IPM). Cover title.- "January. leafminer moth, Phyllonorycter crataegella 1988"--P. 4 of cover.- "C-1151 S.". 40 p. ; ( Lepidoptera: Graci llari idae) 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB608 . F8N56 ) EVETEX. Green, T.A. Prokopy, R.J. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. June 1986. v. 15 (3). p. 562-566. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0912 DNAL 0L461 . E532) 1989 commercial apple spray guide. Miller, R.W. Gorsuch, C.S. Clemson, S.C. : The Service. Information card - Clemson University. 0907 Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1989. (110. rev.). 12 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 White apple leaf hopper. S08I ) PWHAA. Beers, E.H. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. 99-101. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 0908 Within- tree spatial patterns of Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on two apple cultivars. EVETEX. Meagher. R.L. Jr. Hull, L.A. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. June 1987. v. 16 (3). p. 786-790. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461 . E532) . 127 . . 1 . . . . PESTS OF PLANTS - NEMATODES 0913 0919 Control of dagger and lesion nematodes in apple Effects of fenamiphos on Pratylenchus penetrans and plum orchards with fenamiphos, carbofuran, and growth of apple. and carbosulfan. JONEB. Santo, G.S. Wilson, J.H. Lake Alfred, PLDIDE. Rosenberger, D.A. Meyer, F.W. St. Paul, Fla. Society of Nematol ogi sts . Journal of Minn. American Phytopathol ogical Society. nematology. Supplement to the Journal of Plant disease. June 1988. v. 72 (6). p. Nematology (Annals of Applied Nematology). Oct 519-522. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1990. V. 22 (4S). p. 779-782. Includes DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L39 1 . N4 J62 ) 0914 0920 Controlling apple replant disease in 'Mcintosh' Effects of rootstock and soil type on apple trees on various rootstocks. Pratylenchus penetrans populations in apple HJHSA. Costante, J.F. Autio, W.R.; Berkett, feeder roots. L.P. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for JOSHB. Costante, J.F. Mai, W.F.; Klein, R.M. Horticultural Science. HortScience. May 1991. Alexandria, Va. The Society. Journal of the V. 26 (5). p. 604. Includes references. (NAL American Society for Horticultural Science. Cal 1 No. : DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) 1985. V. 110 (1). p. 38-41. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 0915 0921 Damage to an apple orchard cover crop of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) associated Growth of 'Bartlett' pear seedlings in response with Meloidogyne microtyla. to number of root -lesion nematodes and PLDRA. Olthof, T.H.A. St. Paul. Minn. temperature. American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant HJHSA. Townshend, J.L. Alexandria, Va. : disease. May 1986. v. 70 (5). p. 436-438. ill. American Society for Horticultural Science. Includes 10 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 HortScience. Mar 1990. v. 25 (3). p. 318-320. P69P) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1 .H6) 0916 0922 The effect of nematicide treatment on nematodes associated with non-bearing apple, 1981-1982. Morphological variation in Xiphinema spp. from FNETD. Niles, R.K. Yoder, K.S.; Elliott, A. P. New York orchards. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide JONEB. Georgi , L.L. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of - tests results American Phytopathol og i ca Nematol og i sts . Journal of nematology. Jan 1988. Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 93-94. (NAL Call No.: V. 20 (1). p. 47-57. maps. Includes references. DNAL 464.9 AM31R). (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L39 1 . N4 J62 ) 0917 0923 Effect of three plant species on population Orchard growth and fruiting of micropropagated densities of Xiphinema americanum and Xiphinema apple trees. rivesi . JOSHB. Zimmerman, R.H. Miller, S.S. Alexandria, JONEB. Georgi, L.L. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of Va. : The Society. Four apple (Malus domestica Nemato 1 og i sts . Journal of nematology. July Borkh.) cultivars. Northern Spy, Ozark Gold, 1988. V. 20 (3). p. 474-477. Includes Stayman, and Rome Beauty, were tissue cultured references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L39 1 . N4 J62 ) on their own roots (TC) or were budded on seedling, MM. 106, or M.26 rootstocks. All four cultivars were planted at Beltsville, Md. , and 'Ozark Gold' and 'Stayman' were planted at 0918 Kearneysv i 1 1 e , W. Va . TC trees produced more vegetative growth than trees budded on MM. 106 Effects of apple rootstocks and nematicides on and M.26 at both locations, but TC trees Pratylenchus penetrans populations and apple differed little in size from those budded on tree growth. seedling rootstock. Flowering was delayed on TC JOSHB. Costante, J.F. Mai, W.F.; Aleong. J.; and seedling rootstock trees relative to those Klein, R.M. Alexandria, Va. The Society. on MM. 106 or M.26 rootstocks. Fruit yields in Journal of the American Society for general were low but were higher for the trees Horticultural Science. May 1987. v. 112 (3). p. on clonal rootstocks than the TC or seedling 441-444. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: rootstock trees, especially at Beltsville. The DNAL 81 S012). limited vegetative growth and poor fruit yield of trees on M.26 and MM. 106 at Beltsville may 128 . . . . (PESTS OF PLANTS - NEMATODES) have been due to significant infestation by 0929 plant parasitic nematodes at this site. TC trees seemed to have been less affected by the Transmission of tomato ringsport virus by nematodes, probably because of their greater Xiphinema americanum and X. rivesi from New vigor and more extensive root systems. All York apple orchards. trees at Kearneysv i 1 1 e were more vigorous than dONEB. Georgi, L.L. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of comparable ones at Beltsville. Journal of the Nematol ogi sts . Journal of nematology. Apr 1988. American Society for Horticultural Science. V. 20 (2). p. 304-308. Includes references. Sept 1991. V. 116 (5). p. 780-785. Includes (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L39 1 . N4 J62 ) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 0924 Parasitism of Xiphinema rivesi and Xiphinema americanum by zoosporic fungi JONEB. Jaffee, B.A. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of Nematol og i sts . Journal of nematology. Jan 1986. V. 18 (1). p. 87-98. ill. Includes 28 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L39 1 . N4J62 ) 0925 The peach and apple nematodes of Illinois. TILHA. Melton, T.A. Ries, S.M.; Noel, G.R.; - Doll, C.C. S.l. : s.n. . Transactions Illinois State Horticultural Society. 1986. v. 119. p. 78-88. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 IL6). 0926 Pests not known to occur in the United States or of limited distribution. 93. Apple root-knot nematode Friedman, W. Hyattsvllle, Md. : The Service. APHIS 81 - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Sept 1987. (50). 8 p. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSB599 . A3U5 ) 0927 Seasonal population fluctuation of Xiphinema americanum and Xiphinema rivesi in New York and Pennsylvania orchards. JONEB. Jaffee, B.A. Harrison, M.B.; Shaffer, R.L.; Strang, M.B. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of Nematol ogi sts . Journal of nematology. July 1987. V. 19 (3). p. 369-378. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L39 1 . N4J62 ) 0928 Soil -borne organisms affecting replanted pears. HJHSA. Cameron, H.R. Westwood, M.N.; Lombard, P.B. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Interactions of Soil -borne Organisms and Woody Perennial Root Systems," July 31, 1985, Blacksburg, Virginia. Dec 1986. v. 21 (6). p. 1306-1310. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 129 ...... PLANT DISEASES - GENERAL 0930 0936 Apple corps. Disease-resistant apple cult1vars--a commercial Logan, W.B. Emmaus, Pa. Rodale Press, Inc. alternative in low- input orchards?. Organic gardening. Nov 1988. v. 31 (11). p. NEMFA. Berkett, L.P. Cooley, D.R. North 44-50. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S605.5.074). Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Meeting held on February 1-2, 0931 1989, Sturbridge, Massachusetts. Feb 1989. v. 95. p. 40-44. Includes references. (NAL Call Apple disease studies in northern Virginia /by No . : DNAL 8 1 M384 ) F.J. Schneiderhan. Schneiderhan, F. J. 1891-. Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1926. 35 p. 0937 ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 V815 (1) no. 245) . Disease-resistant apple cultivars developed from the apple breeding program at the University of Illinois /S.S. Korban and P. A. O'Connor. 0932 Korban, S. S. O'Connor, P. A. Urbana, 111. : Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Apple IPM in West Virginia. Agriculture, University of Illinois at i 1 1 : . Hogmire, H.W. Jr. Fayettev e , Ark. Arkansas Urbana-Champa i gn . 1990 Caption title. 3 p. ; State Horticultural Society. Proceedings of the 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 IL6S (1) ... annual meeting - Arkansas State no. 790) Horticultural Society. Paper presented at the "106th Annual Meeting of the Arkansas State Horticultural Society," November 13 and 14, 1985, Fort Smith, Arkansas. 1985. (106). p. 0938 104-106. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB21.A7A7). The flowering crabapple. Witt, M.L. Hartman, J.R.; Jones, R.T.; McNiel, - R.E. Lexington : The Service. ID University 0933 of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service. Apr 1985. (68). 6 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL APPLESCAB: a teaching aid on microcomputers. S544.3.K4K42) PLDRA. Blaise, P. Arneson, P. A.; Gessler, C. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol oglcal Society. Plant disease. July 1987. v. 71 (7). p. 574-578. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0939 DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . Genetics and linkage analysis of 19 isozyme loci In apple. JOSHB. Weeden, N.F. Lamb, R.C. Alexandria, Va 0934 : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1987. v. 112 Combining ability of apple varieties for scab (5). p. 865-872. ill. Includes references. (NAL resistance. Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . SOGEBZ. Zhdanov, V.V. Sedov, E.N. New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau. Soviet genetics. Translated from: Genetika, v. 24, (7), 1988, p. 1250-1255. (QH431 . A1G4) . Jan 1989. v. 24 (7). 0940 p. 874-878. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QH431 . A1G43) Identify causes of fruit blemishes on apples. Rosenberger, D.A. Weires, R.W. Canton, N.Y. Agricultural Division, St. Lawrence County Cooperative Extension Association. St. Lawrence 0935 County agricultural news. Oct 1989. v. 73 (10). p. 4-5. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N7S3 ) . A comparison of handgun and tree-row-volume pesticide application. PLDIDE. Sutton. T.B. Unrath, C.R. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol og i cal Society. 0941 Plant disease. June 1988. v. 72 (6). p. 509-512. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Integrated management of apple pests in North DNAL 1 . 9 P69P ) Carol 1 na. Ritchie, D.F. Sorenson, K.A.; San Julian, G.J.; Skroch, W.A.; Sutton, T.B.; Rock, G.C. Raleigh, - N.C. : The Service. AG North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State University. Mar 1987. (378). 13 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 130 . . . . . e . . (PLANT DISEASES - GENERAL) S544.3.N6N62) 0947 Smuggled plants pose hazard. WEFGA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister 0942 Publishing Company. Western fruit grower. This publication is not owned by the National Issues in the development and marketing of Agricultural Library. Nov 1988. v. 108 (1). p. reduced chemical agricultural products a look 20D, 20F-20G. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 at d1 sease-resi stant apple cultlvars /Cecil G85W) Murphy and Lois Schertz Willett. Murphy, Cecile. Willett, Lo1s Schertz. Ithaca, N.Y. : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture and Life 0948 Sciences, Cornell University, 1991 . Cover title.- "December 1991.". 42 p. ; 28 cm. Soil disinfection and monoammonium phosphate Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-42). fertilization increase precocity of apples on (NAL Call No.: DNAL 281.9 C81Ae no. 91-34). replant problem soils. UOSHB. Neilsen, G.H. Yorston, J. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. In an apple (Malus domestica Borkh. ) orchard with a severe replant problem, 0943 tree size was increased by the 2nd year and number of fruit by the 3rd year by treating the New Jersey apple varieties. planting hole soil with formalin or mancozeb Hopfinger, J. A. Frecon, J.L. New Brunswick, plus monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer. - N.d. : The Service. FS Cooperative Extension Growth increases were evident each year for 4 Service, Cook College. 1985. (094, rev.). 8 p. years only for the MAP + formalin treatment. In (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N5F7 ) a second orchard, with a less severe replant problem, planting-hole treatment with formalin or dazomet + MAP increased tree size by year 2. Number of fruit in year 2 was increased by 0944 formalin and mancozeb + NM treatments, although this effect persisted in year 3 only for Pears mancozeb + MAP. Leaf P concentrations were MUCBA. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service. increased to high values in the first year by Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension NM fertilization but declined in subsequent Service, Michigan State University. Dec 1986. years. Leaf Mn concentration also increased in (E-154). p. 29-31. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 oneorchard, a consequence of f ert i 1 i zer- i nduced M58B) . acidification of planting hole soil and Mn uptake from the fungicide mancozeb. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. July 1991. V. 116 (4). p. 651-654. Includes 0945 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). The protection of pome fruits, 1979--March 1985 citations from Agricola concerning diseases and other environmental considerations /compiled 0949 and edited by Charles N. Bebee. --. Bebee, Charles N. Beltsville, Md. : U.S. Dept. Spraying apples and pears. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library ; Jones, B.F. Johnson, D.R.; McDaniel, M.C. - Washington, D.C. : U.S. Environmental Little Rock, Ark. : The Service. EL Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide University of Arkansas, Cooperative Extension Programs, 1985. "August 1985."- Includes Index. Service. Oct 1988. (239, rev.). 4 p. (NAL Call 204 p. ; 28 cm. --. (NAL Call No.: DNAL No.: DNAL 275.29 AR4LE). aZ5076.A1U54 no . 4 1 ) 0950 0946 1988 commercial apple. Insect, disease & weed The role of disease resistant apple varieties. control guide. NEMFA. Bemis, J.G. North Amherst, Mass. : The McVay, J.R. Gazaway , W. ; Powell, A.; Latham, Association. New England fruit meetings ... A.J.; Kouskolekas, C.A.; Patterson, M.G.; - Proceedings of the ... annual meeting Everest, J.W.; . Auburn, Ala. : The Service. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Circular ANR - Cooperative Extension Service, Meeting held on January 6-7, 1988, Concord, New Auburn University. In subseries: Integrated Hampshire. 1988. v. 94. p. 85-86. (NAL Call Pest Management. Jan 1988. (11). 12 p. ill. No. : DNAL 81 M3a4) (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . A2C47 ) 131 . (PLANT DISEASES - GENERAL) 0951 1990 commercial apple: insect, disease, and weed control recommendations. Patterson, M.G. Everest, J.W.; Powell, A. - Auburn, Ala. : The Service. Circular ANR Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University. In subseries: Integrated Pest Management. Jan 1990. (11). 1 1 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . A2C47 ) 0952 1990 commercial apple spray guide. Gorsuch, C.S. Miller, R.W. Clemson, S.C. : The Service. Information card - Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1990. (110, rev.). 12 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 S08I). 132 ...... PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL 0953 0958 Active discharge distance of ascospores of Apple disease control, 1985. Venturia Inaequalls. FNETD. Sutton. T.B. Brown, E.M. s.l. : The PHYTA. Aylor, D.E. Anagnostak i s , S.L. St. Paul, Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests - Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. results American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Ascospores of Venturia inaequalis were 1986. V. 41. p. 21-22. (NAL Call No.: DNAL discharged into still air inside small chambers 464.9 AM31R). from pseudothecia on small wetted bits of leaf cut from diseased apple leaves that had overwintered on the orchard floor. Ascospores were actively projected away from the leaf 0959 surface over distances ranging from 0.1 to 8.1 mm (one reached 13.2 mm). Three-quarters of the Apple disease incidence on trees sprayed with ascospores were projected less than 4.1 mm from experimental fungicides, 1984. the surface (mean distance for all ascospores FNETD. Hickey, K.D. Garretson. M.; May, J. was 3.0 mm). Only 1% were projected as far as s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - 6.6 mm. The observed discharge distances were tests : results American Phy topatho 1 og i cal shown to be consistent with those expected from Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 11-12. (NAL Call No.: the mechanical forces acting on the ascospores. DNAL 464.9 AM31R). Phytopathology. May 1991. v. 81 (5). p. 548-551. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56) 0960 Apple diseases and their control at Blacksburg, 0954 Virginia during 1985. FNETD. Drake, C.R. s.l. : The Society. - After- infect ion activity of fungicides and Fungicide and nematicide tests : results fungicide mixtures against apple scab, 1984. American Phy topatho 1 og i cal Society. 1986. v. FNETD. Szkolnik, M. s.l. : The Society. 41. p. 26-28. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). - Fungicide and nematicide tests : results American Phytopathol ogical Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 26-27. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 0961 Apple diseases and their control at Blacksburg, 0955 Virginia, 1984. FNETD. Drake, C.R. s.l. : The Society. - Apple anthracnose (bull's eye rot). Fungicide and nematicide tests : results WUEXA. Davidson, R. Byther, R.S. Pullman, Wash. American Phytopathol ogical Society. 1985. v. - : The Service. Extension bulletin Washington 40. p. 3-5. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). State University, Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: Plant Diseases. July 1987. (0940). 2 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P) 0962 Apple powdery mildew and its control in the arid regions of the Pacific Northwest /by D.F. 0956 F i sher Fisher, D. F. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Apple disease control with experimental Agriculture, 1918. Caption title.- "October 29, fungicides applied dilute in a seasonal spray 1918."- "Professional paper.". 28 p., 3 p. of program, 1984. plates ; 24 cm. Bibliography: p. 28. (NAL Call FNETD. Hickey, K.D. May, J.; Garretson, M. No.: DNAL 1 Ag84B no . 7 1 2 ) s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - tests : results American Phy topathol og i cal Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 12-13. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 0963 Apple powdery mildew control, 1985. FNETD. Covey, R.P. s.l. : The Society. - 0957 Fungicide and nematicide tests : results American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. Apple disease control, 1984. 41. p. 4-5. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) FNETD. Sutton, T.B. Brown, E.M. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests - results American Phy topathol og i cal Society. 1985. V. 40. p. 24. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 133 ...... (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 0964 0970 An apple powdery mildew model based on plant Apple scab in the Pot latch /by Louis F. growth, primary Inoculum, and fungicide Henderson concentration. Henderson, L. F. Moscow, Idaho : University of PHYTAJ. Lalancette, N. Hickey, K.D. St. Paul, Idaho, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1899. Minn. : American Phytopathol og i cal Society. p. 80-95. 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 23 cm. Phytopathology. Nov 1986. v. 76 (11). p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 Id1 no. 20). 1176-1182. Includes 14 references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 0971 0965 Apple scab incidence on trees sprayed seasonally with fungicides applied from both Apple scab control on semi -dwarf apples, 1984 and alternate sides with a Metters alrblast FNETD. Klos, E.d. Aerts. M. s.l. : The sprayer, 1984. Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests FNETD. Hickey, K.D. Garretson, M.; May. J. - results American Phytopathol og i ca 1 Society. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - 1985. V. 40. p. 15. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 tests results American Phytopathol og i cal AM31R) Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 10. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 0966 0972 Apple scab control on semi -dwarf apples, 1985 FNETD. Klos, E.d. Aerts. M. s.l. : The Apple scab Incidence on 'York Imperial' apple Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : sprayed seasonally with fungicide treatments results - American Phytopathol ogical Society. applied with an alrblast sprayer, 1984. 1986. v. 41. p. 17. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 FNETD. Hickey. K.D. May. J.; Garretson. M. AM31R) s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - tests : results American Phytopathological Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 10-11. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 0967 Apple scab control, 1984. FNETD. Worf, G.L. Weldman. R.W.; Smejkal, C; 0973 Ehlers, C.G.; Schauske, B. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : Apple scab management. - results American Phytopathological Society. Pickel. C. Bethell. R.S. Berkeley, Calif. : The 1985. V. 40. p. 27-28. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Service. Leaflet - University of California. 464.9 AM31R). Cooperative Extension Service. Dec 1985. (21412). 4 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . C2C3 ) 0968 0974 Apple scab control, 1984. FNETD. Sutton, T.B. Brown, E.M. s.l. : The Apple scab management /C. Pickel and R.S. Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : Bethel 1 - results American Phytopathological Society. Pickel, C. Bethell, R. S. Berkeley, Calif. : 1985. v. 40. p. 24. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 Cooperative Extension, University of AM31R) California. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 1985? . Abstract: This leaflet, for growers and advisors, describes the symptoms and disease cycle of apple scab and provides 0969 management guidelines including cultural and chemical control. Tables provide information on Apple scab control, 1984. temperature and moisture requirements for apple FNETD. Klos. E.J. Aerts, M. s.l. : The scab infection and currently registered Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : chemicals for control of apple scab. Caption - results American Phytopathological Society. title. 4 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: 1985. V. 40. p. 15. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 DNAL S544.3.C2C3 no. 21412). AM3 1R ) 134 ...... (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 0975 agar diffusion test in vitro. Complete control of gray mold was obtained on apples and pears Apple trees diseases blamed on MLO. protected with a pyrrolnitrin concentration of AGREA. Croliss, J. Washington, D.C. : The 10 mg/L at a pathogen inoculum level of Service. Agricultural research - U.S. 10(3)-10(5) conidia/ml. Blue mold was Department of Agriculture, Agricultural controlled at the same concentration of Research Service, dan 1991. v. 39 (1). p. pyrrolnitrin at inoculum concentrations of 22-23. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84 ) 10(3) conidia/ml for pears and 10(3) and 10(4) conidia/ml for apples. At concentrations of 50 mg/L or higher, complete control was obtained of both diseases on both fruits at all tested 0976 inoculum levels. Phytopathology. Dec 1988. v. 78 (12,pt.2). p. 1697-1700. ill. Includes Application rates and spray intervals for apple references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). scab control with flusilazol and pyrifenox. PLDRA. O'Leary, A.L. Jones, A.L.; Ehret, G.R. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. July 1987. v. 71 (7). 0981 p. 623-626. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) Biology and epidemiology of Mycosphaerel la pomi , cause of Brooks fruit spot of apple. PHYTAJ. Sutton, T.B. Brown, E.M.; Hawthorne, D.J. St. Paul, Minn. : American 0977 Phytopathological Society. Phytopathology. Mar 1987. V. 77 (3). p. 431-437. 111. Includes Association of wood decay fungi with decline references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). and mortality of apple trees in Minnesota. PLDRA. Bergdahl , D.R. French, D.W. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol og i cal Society. Plant disease. Oct 1985. v. 69 (10). p. 0982 887-890. ill. Includes 7 references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) Botryosphaeria diseases of apple and peach in the southeastern United States. PLDRA. Brown, E.A. II. Britton, K.O. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. 0978 Plant disease. May 1986. v. 70 (5). p. 480-484, ill. Includes 15 references. (NAL Call No.: Baseline sensitivities of Venturia inaequalis DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . to sterol demethylation inhibitors. PLDIDE. Koller, W. Parker, D.M.; Reynolds, K.L. St. Paul, Minn. ; American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. July 1991. v. 75 (7). 0983 p. 726-728. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 .9 P69P) Bud blast and canker of apple trees in Massachusetts NEMFA. Cooley, D.R. North Amherst, Mass. The Association. New England fruit meetings .. 0979 Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. Better apples the low-spray way. V. 92. p. 72-75. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 Ruttle, J. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press. Rodale's M384) organic gardening. Aug 1987. v. 34 (8). p. 48-52. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 5605. 5. R64). 0984 0980 Canker causing fungi on apple. ARHMA. Jones, A.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The Biological control of blue mold and gray mold Society. Annual report - Michigan State on apple and pear with Pseudomonas cepacia. Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. PHYTAJ. Janlsiewicz, W.J. Roitman, J. St. Paul, 173-175. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. DNAL 81 M58). Control of gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, and reduction in blue mold, caused by Penici Ilium expansum, was obtained on Golden Delicious apples and Bosc pears protected with 0985 Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from apple leaves. The bacterium strongly inhibited fungal growth Cedar-apple rust. during in vitro screening on nutrient yeast Simpson, R.C. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press. dextrose agar medium. An effective antifungal Rodale's organic gardening. Apr 1986. v. 33 compound was isolated from the bacterial cells (4). p. 68. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL and culture medium. This compound, identified S605.5.R64) as a pyrrolnitrin. Inhibited growth of both fungi at a concentration of 1 mg/L during an 135 . . . . . 1 (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 0986 0992 Cider apple rusts. Control of apple diseases using fungicides on MUCBA. Adams, G. Bessette, P. East Lansing, an extended schedule, 1985. - Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E FNETD. Rosenberger, O.A. Meyer, F.W.; Oentsch, Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State P.J. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and University. In subseries: Woody Ornamental nematicide tests results - American Tips. Dec 1987. (2087). 7 p. ill. (NAL Call Phytopathol ogical Society. 1986. v. 41. p. No. : DNAL 275.29 M588 ) 18-19. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 0987 0993 Collar rot of pome and stone fruits. Control of apple diseases with ergosterol WUEXA. Grove, G.G. Johnson, D.A.; Covey, R.P. biosynthesis inhibitor fungicides, 1984. Pullman, Wash. The Service. Extension FNETD. Rosenberger, D.A. Meyer, F.W. s.l. bulletin - Washington State University, The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests - Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: results American Phytopathol og i ca 1 Society. Plant Diseases. Aug 1988. (1497). 4 p. ill. 1985. V. 40. p. 18-19. (NAL Call No.: DNAL (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). 464.9 AM31R) 0988 0994 Collar rot threatens fledgling apple industry. Control of apple diseases with experimental Kingdon, L. Phoenix, Ariz. : Elliott L. fungicides, 1985. Cushman. Arizona farmer-stockman. Apr 1985. v. FNETD. Zehr, E.I. Kirby, G.W.; Foster, D.H. 64 (4). p. 45. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 6 AR44). s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - tests results American Phytopathol og i cal Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 25. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 0989 Commercial apple insect and disease control --1991 0995 Von Broembsen, S. Coppock , S.; Taylor, G. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. OSU current Control of apple pests in Ontario. - report Oklahoma State University, Cooperative ARHMA. Fisher, P. East Lansing, Mich. : The Extension Service. Feb 1991. (6241). 6 p. (NAL Society. Annual report - Michigan State Call No.: DNAL S451.0508). Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 81-88 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) 0990 0996 Comparison of morning and evening concentrate applications of sterol - i nhibi tor fungicides on Control of apple powdery mildew with Jonathan apple, 1983-84. sterol -inhibiting fungicides. FNETD. Yoder, K.S. Byers, R.E.; Cochran, A.E. ARHMA. Yoder, K.S. East Lansing, Mich. : The - II; Warren, J.R. s.l. : The Society. Society. Annual report Michigan State Fungicide and nematicide tests results - Horticultural Society. 1987. (117th). p. 61-69 American Phytopathol og i cal Society. 1985. v. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 40. p. 30. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). M58) . 0991 0997 Compendium of apple and pear diseases /edited Control of apple scab and powdery mildew with by A.L. Jones, H.S. Aldwinckle. experimental fungicides, 1984. Aldwinckle, H. S.; Jones, A. L. St. Paul, Minn. FNETD. Burr, T.J. Smith, C.A.; Davids, A.J. : APS Press, c1990. vi, 100 p., 22 p. of s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - : ill. og i ca plates (some col.) ; 28 cm. Includes tests results American Phytopathol bibliographical references and index. (NAL Call Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 1-2. (NAL Call No.: No.: DNAL SB608 . A6C65 ) DNAL 464.9 AM31R) . 136 . . . 1 (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 0998 9, 36, and 81 d after full bloom), and obtained greater than or equal to 80% fruit without any, Control of apple scab and powdery mildew with arthropod damage. The total crop was evaluated fungicides applied on a protective schedule, from fruit set to harvest. The cost of 1984. chemicals per hectare for the az i nphosmethy FNETD. Burr, T.d. Smith, C.A.; Davids, A.d. and carbaryl program was $83.40;. Journal of s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide economic entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (5). p. - tests : results American Phytopathol ogi cal 1426-1436. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 2. (NAL Call No.: DNAL DNAL 421 J822) 464.9 AM31R) 1001 0999 Control of arthropods on apple selections with Control of apple scab and powdery mildew with scab (Ascomycetes: Mycophaerel 1 acea) and sterol inhibiting fungicides. European red mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) ARHMA. Jones, A.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The res i stance. Society. Annual report - Michigan State JEENAI. Goonewardene, H.F. PHego, G.; McCabe, Horticultural Society. 1987. (117th). p. 51-55. G.P.; Howard, P.H.; Oliver, P.J. Lanham, Md. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) Entomological Society of America. Use of pest and disease resistant cultivars in pest management is an alternative to commercial apple production that depends on use of 1000 chemical pesticides. Over a 3-yr period, we produced fruit that were 86% free of damage by Control of arthropods on apple, Mai us X key pests using selections with apple scab, domestica (Borkh.), selections for scab Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint, and European ( Ascomycetes : Mycosphaerel 1 acea) and apple red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) resistance and maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) resistance in an three critically timed sprays of either orchard in Indiana. fenvalerate or phosmet. Although we did not use JEENAI. Goonewardene , H.F. Pliego, G. ; McCabe, one, a fungicide may be needed to produce fruit G.P.; Howard, P.H.; Oliver, P.J. Lanham, Md. that would grade well if summer diseases, Entomological Society of America. Three years Gloedes pomogena (Schw.) Colby and Leptothyrium of sampling an apple orchard with seven pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc. are a problem. The selections resistant to apple scab, Venturia management program for these resistant inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., five of which were selections produced a crop of undamaged fruit also resistant to apple maggot, Rhagoletis comparable with one that would be produced with pomonella (Walsh), growing on three different a calendar-based spray program on commercially rootstocks (EMVII, MM1106, and MM111), grown cultivars susceptible to pests and indicated a faunal composition consisting of diseases. The cost of a program including eight eight orders from which 31 taxa in 21 families sprays of insecticides, fungicides, and were identified. Among the 14 most frequently acaricides recommended in Indiana for apple found groups in descending frequency were production is $1,387.48 per season per hectare aphids, Aphis pomi De Geer and Dysaphis for cultivars not resistant to pests. This cost plantaginea Passerini; leafminer, was reduced to $84.90 with phosmet or $240.00 Phy 1 1 onorycter blancardella (F.); plum per hectare with fenvalerate for the season curcul io, Conotrachel us nenuphar (Herbst); when resistant selections were used. Summer codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.); ants, disease control was not considered in our Lasius neoniger (Emery) and Prenolepis imparls investigation but, if needed, two sprays of (Say); leafhoppers, Empoasca maligna Walsh, fungicide would cost $77.40 per season per Jikradia olitoria (Say), Penthimia americana hectare. Fruit damage related to rootstock or (Fitch), Scaphytopius sp., and Typhlocyba selection differences (or both) previously pomaria McAtee; tarnished plant bug, Lygus reported were not found, suggesting perhaps a lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois); green masking of such effects by pesticide. Journal fruitworm, Lithophane antennata (Walker); flea of economic entomology. Feb 1990. v. 83 (1). p. beetle genera (unidentified); ladybird beetles, 180-188. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Adal ia bipunctata (L.), Anatis sp., DNAL 421 J822) . Brachiacantha ursina (F.), Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake, Hippodamia i i 1 1 convergens Guer n-Menev e , Myzia pullata (Say), and 011a v. nigrum Mulsant; apple 1002 maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh); redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker); Control of major postharvest apple diseases. lacewing, Chrysopa carnea (Stevens); and green Kupferman, E.M. Pullman, Wash. : Washington stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say). Direct State University Cooperative Extension. inverse relationships were found between Postharvest pomology newsletter. Nov/Dec 1986. numbers of identified pests and predators. V. 4 (3). p. 9-12. Includes references. (NAL Significant differences in the incidence of Call No.: DNAL TP440.P67). arthropods were found among rootstocks and among selections. Based on these findings, we used a modified program of insecticides only (azinphosmethyl and carbaryl and fenvalerate and phosmet with water as the control applied 137 . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1003 1009 Control of necrotic leaf blotch and premature Development of a microcomputer-based expert leaf drop in 'Golden Delicious' apples. system for apple scab management. HJHSA . Ducroquet, J. P. Alexandria, Va. Cooley, D. Cohen, P.; Ward, K. Gainesville : American Society for Horticultural Science. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, HortScience. Aug 1987. v. 22 (4). p. 574-575. Univ. of Florida, 1988? . Proceedings of the Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 2nd International Conference on Computers in SB1 .H6) . Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S. Zazueta, A.B. (Del) Bottcher, eds . Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake 1004 Buenavista, Orlando, Florida, p. 230-233. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Control of powdery mildew of apple foliage, S494.5.D3I5 1988). fruit and terminal buds with fungicides, 1980-1985. FNETD. Daines, R.H. Weber, D.J.; Hegerhorst, D. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide 1010 - tests : results American Phy topathol og i cal Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 6-8. (NAL Call No.: Development of resistance to infection by DNAL 464.9 AM31R). Botrytis cinerea and Penici Ilium expansum in wounds of mature apple fruits. PHYTAJ. Lakshm i narayana , S. Sommer, N.F.; Polito, v.; Fortlage, R.J. St. Paul, Minn. : 1005 American Phy topatho 1 og i ca 1 Society. Phytopathology. Dec 1987. v. 77 (12). p. Control of Rosellinia necatrix in soil and in 1674-1678. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call apple orchard by solarization and Trichoderma No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) harzi anum. PLDRA. Sztejnberg, A. Freeman, S.; Chet, I.; Katan, J. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. Apr 1011 1987. V. 71 (4). p. 365-369. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). Disease control in 1990 without EBDC fungicides. ARHMA. Jones, A.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State 1006 Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. 60-63. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 Control of sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple M58) . with captan, mancozeb, and mancozeb combined with dinocap in dilute and concentrate appi 1 cat ions. PLDRA. Brown, E.M. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, Minn. 1012 American Phy topatho 1 og i ca 1 Society. Plant disease. Apr 1986. v. 70 (4). p. 281-284. Disease control on Rome Beauty, 1985. Includes 22 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 FNETD. Sutton, T.B. Brown, E.M. s.l. : The P69P) Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests - results American Phytopathol og i cal Society. 1986. V. 41. p. 22. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 1007 Control summer diseases on apples. Rosenberger, D. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural 1013 Div. of Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, N.Y. State. Ag impact. July 1988. v. Disease incidence on apple treated with 15 (7). p. 6.8. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL seasonal dilute sprays on experimental S544.3.N7A45) . fungicides in 1985. FNETD. Hickey, K.D. Garretson, M.; May, J. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests results - American Phytopathol ogical 1008 Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 12-13. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) Controlling apple collar rot: effects of fungicides, soil amendments, and depth of planting. OARCB. Ellis, M.A. Ferree, D.C.; Madden, L.V. Wooster, Ohio : The Center. Research circular Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. July 1986. (290). p. 52-54. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 100 0H3R ) . 138 . . , (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1014 1019 Disease incidence on 'Rome Beauty' apple Effect of imazalil on pathogenicity of sprayed dilute with fungicide treatments Penici Ilium spp. causing storage rots of pome applied in post- infect ion and protective f rui ts. programs, 1984. PLDIDE. Prusky, D. Ben-Arie, R. St. Paul, Minn. FNETD. Hickey, K.D. Garretson, M. ; May, J. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide disease. May 1985. v. 69 (5). p. 416-418. ill. - tests : results American Phytopathol ogical Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 9. (NAL Call No.: DNAL P69P) 464.9 AM31R). 1020 1015 Effect of interrupted wetness periods on spore Dispersal of conidia of Zygophiala jamaicensis germination and apple infection by in apple orchards. Botryosphaeria obtusa. PLDIDE. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, Minn. : American PHYTA. Arauz, L.F. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, Minn. Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Sept : American Phytopathological Society. Conidia 1990. V. 74 (9). p. 643-646. Includes of Botryosphaeria obtusa were allowed to references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). germinate in water for 4 hr at 24 C, were air-dried, and were rewetted following dry periods ranging from O to 8 hr. No increase in germ tube length was observed 4 hr after 1016 rewetting in any treatment. Mean germ tube length was similar (approximately 126 Distribution of sporangiospores of Mucor micrometer) for all drying treatments. Mean piriformis in pear orchard soils. germ tube length was 532 micrometer when PLDIDE. Dobson, R.L. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, conidia were allowed to germinate in water for Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. 8 hr without interruption. Apple seedlings were Plant disease. Aug 1988. v. 72 (8). p. 702-705. inoculated with conidia of B. obtusa in aqueous ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL suspension and were exposed to 24-hr wetness 1 .9 P69P) periods, which were interrupted after 12 hr for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr . Infection of apple foliage stopped irreversibly with interruptions of 1 or more hr In the wetness period. Interruptions as 1017 short as 1 hr also resulted in reduced infection of fruit. Phytopathology. Nov 1990. Ecology, canker and control of brown- rot V. 80 (11). p. 1218-1220. Includes references. causing Monilinias of the World. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). Batra, L.R. Washington, D.C. : United States Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1985. 1984 Stone Fruit Tree Decline Workshop proceedings : proceedings, workshop 1021 held Oct 30-Nov 1, 1984 at the Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysvi 1 le, WV / Effect of phytotoxins produced by Charles L. Wilson and Ralph Scorza, wo. p. Botryosphaeria obtusa, the cause of black rot 166-176. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL of apple fruit and frogeye leaf spot. Call No.: DNAL aSB608 . S83S75 1984). PHYTA. Venkatasubbaiah, P. Sutton, T.B.; Chilton. W.S. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Botryosphaeria obtusa, which causes black rot of apple fruit 1018 and frogeye leaf spot, produced phytotoxins in culture, infected fruit, and spore germination Economic analysis of protectant and fluids. Mellein was the most abundant toxin disease -forecast -based fungicide spray programs isolated from the culture fluid. Other toxins 1 for control of apple scab and grape black rot isolated were tyrosol , 4-hydroxymel ei n in Ohio. 5-hydroxymel 1 ei n , and 4-hydroxybenzal dehyde. PLDIDE. Funt, R.C. Ellis, M.A.; Madden, L.V. Seventeen apple cultivars and eight weed St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological species were used in a leaf bioassay to Society. Plant disease. Sept 1990. v. 74 (9). determine phy totox i c i ty of the toxins. The p. 638-642. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: apple cultivars, Supergold and Silverspur. were DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . highly sensitive to all toxins. Only three apple cultivars showed moderate resistance to most toxins. There was no correlation between isolate pathogenicity and the amount of toxin production in culture. Among the weed species, prickly sida and morning glory were very sensitive. Extraction of fruit infected with B. obtusa yielded all toxins except 4-hydroxybenzal dehyde. When conidial germination fluids were extracted with solvent, mellein and 4-hydroxymel 1 e i n could be detected 139 . ) . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL by thin-layen chromatography. Phytopathology. 1027 Mar 1991. v. 81 (3). p. 243-247. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). Effects of fungicide treatments on the gustative quality and the biochemical cotiposition of apples. HJHSA. Rouchaud, J. Moons, C; Meyer, J. A. 1022 Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Aug 1986. Effect of preharvest pear fruit maturity on V. 21 (4). p. 1056-1057. Includes references. decay resistance. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). PLDIDE. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, M1nn. : American Phy topathol og i cal Society. Plant disease. May 1985. V. 69 (5). p. 388-390. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). 1028 Effects of fungicides that inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis on apple powdery mildew control, 1023 yield, and fruit growth factors. PLDRA. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul, Effect of tree size on rate needed and efficacy Minn. : American Phytopathologlcal Society. of Procure/Pol yram applications for scab Plant disease. Apr 1986. v. 70 (4). p. 305-306. control on 'York' apple, 1985. Includes 16 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 FNETD. Hickey, K.D. May, d.; Garretson, M. P69P) . s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematlclde - tests : results American Phytopathol oglcal Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 14. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1029 Effects of mixtures of benomyl and mancozeb on buildup of benomyl -resi stant Venturia 1024 1 naequal 1 s PHYTAJ. Lalancette, N. Hickey, K.O.; Cole, H. Effects of flood duration on the development of Jr. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytophthora root and crown rots of apple. Phytopathologlcal Society. Phytopathology. Jan PHYTAd. Browne, G.T. Mircetlch, S.M. St. Paul, 1987. V. 77 (1). p. 86-91. Includes references. Minn. : American Phytopathologlcal Society. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). Phytopathology. June 1988. v. 78 (6). p. 846-851. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56 ) . 1030 Effects of postinfection applications of s- 1025 ergosterol biosynthesi 1 nhibi t i ng fungicides on lesion formation and pseudothecial Effects of fosetyl-AI, metal axyl, and development of Venturia inaequalis. Enterobacter aerogenes on crown and root rot of PHYTA. Q'Leary, A.L. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, apple trees caused by Phytophthora cactorum in Minn. : American Phytopathologlcal Society. British Columbia. Phytopathology. Jan 1986. v. 76 (1). p. PLDIDE. Utkhede, R.S. Smith, E.M. St. Paul, 119-124. ill. Includes 14 references. (NAL Call Minn. : American Phytopathologlcal Society. No. : DNAL 464 . 8 P56) . Plant disease. Apr 1991. v. 75 (4). p. 406-409. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P) 1031 The effects of pruning on incidence and 1026 severity of Zygophiala jamaicensis and Gloeodes pomigena infections of apple fruit. Effects of fumigation, Temik, and Ridomil PHYTAJ. Qcamb-Basu, CM. Sutton, T.B.; Nelson, treatments on establishment of trees in L.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American replanted orchards, 1984-85. Phytopathologlcal Society. Phytopathology. July FNETD. Rosenberger, D.A. Meyer, F.W.; Concklin, 1988. V. 78 (7). p. 1004-1008. Includes M.E.C.; Smith, W.S. s.l. : The Society. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). - Fungicide and nematlclde tests : results American Phytopathologlcal Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 3. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1032 Effects of several postharvest fungicide treatments on the quality and ripeness of cold-stored apples. JAFCAU. Cano, M.P. De la Plaza, J.L.; Munoz-Del gado , L. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and 140 . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) food chemistry. Mar/Apr 1989. 37 (2). p. 1038 330-333. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 J8223) Efficient use of sterol inhibiting fungicides. NEMFA. Cooley, D. Spitko, R. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual 1033 meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Meeting held at the Sheraton Effects of temperature and relative humidity on Sturbridge Resort and Conference Center on germination, growth, and sporulation of January 30 and 31, 1991. 1991. (97th). p. Zygophiala jamaicensis. 92-101. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: PHYTAJ. Ocamb-Basu, CM. Sutton. T.B. St. Paul, DNAL 81 M384) Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Phytopathology. Jan 1988. v. 78 (1). p. 100-103. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). 1039 Electronic unit field tested for predicting apple scab. 1034 ORRDA. Ellis, M.A. Madden, L.V.; Wilson, L.L. Wooster, Ohio : The Center. Ohio report on Efficacy of DPX H6573 applied on 7, 14, and research and development in agriculture, home 21 -day schedules, 1985. economics, and natural resources - Ohio FNETD. Jones, A.L. Ehret, G.R.; Comstock, R.E. Agricultural Research and Development Center. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide May/ June 1985. v. 70 (3). p. 45-47. ill. (NAL - tests : results American Phytopathol ogi cal Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S (3)). Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 16. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 1040 1035 Enhanced resistance to side rot in pears treated with calcium chloride during the Efficacy of Procure SOW applied concentrate for growing season. control of scab and powdery mildew on 'Rome PLDIDE. Sugar, D. Powers, K.A.; Hilton, R.J. Beauty' apple, 1985. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogi cal FNETD. Hickey, K.D. Garretson, M. ; May, J. Society. Plant disease. Feb 1991. v. 75 (2). p. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide 212-214. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: - tests : results American Phytopathol ogical DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 14. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 1041 1036 Enhancing detection of Phytophthora cactorum in naturally infested soil. Efficacy of sterol - i nhibi ting fungicides PHYTAJ. Jeffers, S.N. Aldwinckle, H.S. St. applied on a protective schedule, 1985. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical FNETD. Jones, A.L. Ehret, G.R.; Comstock, R.E. Society. Phytopathology. Oct 1987. v. 77 (10). s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide p. 1475-1482. ill. Includes references. (NAL - tests : results American Phytopathol ogical Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 16-17. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 1042 1037 Environmental factors affecting conidial survival of five pear decay fungi. Efficacy of sterol - i nhibi ting fungicides PLDIDE. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American applied on protective and after- infect ion Phytopathol ogi ca 1 Society. Plant disease. May schedules, 1984. 1985. V. 69 (5). p. 391-392. Includes FNETD. Jones, A.L. Ehret, G.R.; Comstock, R.E. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P ) s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - tests : results American Phytopathol og i cal Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 14. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1043 Epidemiological analysis and the integration of fungicide and insecticide applications in low inoculum orchards, 1984. FNETD. Gadoury, D.M. MacHardy, W.E. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : results - American Phytopathol og i cal Society. 1985. V. 40. p. 6-7. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 141 . .. . ) (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) AM31R) 1049 Evaluation of disease control with DPX H6573, 1985. 1044 FNETD. Sutton, T.B. Brown, E.M. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests Evaluating fungicides for control of results - American Phytopathological Society. Phytophthora crown and root rot diseases of 1986. V. 41. p. 23. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 tree crops. AM31R) Timmer, L.W. Ellis, M. St. Paul, Minn. : APS Press, C1986. Methods for evaluating pesticides for control of plant pathogens / edited by Kenneth D. Hickey ; prepared jointly by the 1050 American Phytopathol ogical Society and the Society of Nematol og i sts . p. 163-167. Includes Evaluation of egosterol -biosynthesis- inhibitor references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB960.M47 fungicides on a postinfection schedule, 1985. 1986) FNETD. Rosenberger, D.A. Meyer, F.W.; Jentsch, P.J. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and - nematicide tests : results American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 19. 1045 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). Evaluation of apple fungicides and spray schedules, 1984. FNETD. Hendrix, F.F. Britton, K.O.; Dobson, 1051 J.W. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and - nematicide tests : results American Evaluation of s Phytopathological Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 8-9. ergosterol -b 1 osynthes 1 - 1 nh 1 b 1 t 1 ng ( EBI (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). fungicides for after- infect ion control, 1985. FNETD. O'Leary, A.L. Jones, A.L. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests results - American Phytopathological Society. 1046 1986. V. 41. p. 17-18. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). Evaluation of Bayleton di thane M-45 combinations on Jonathan apple, 1985. FNETD. Yoder, K.S. Cochran, A.E. II; Warren. J.R.; Schmidt, CM.; Gray. N.H. s.l. : The 1052 Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : results - American Phytopathological Society. Evaluation of 1986. V. 41. p. 9-10. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 ergosterol -b1 osynthes 1 s- 1 nhi bi 1 1 ng ( EBI AM31R) fungicides for apple powdery mildew (PM) and scab control, 1985. FNETD. Shabi, E. Elisha, S. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests 1047 results - American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 5. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 of benomyl adjuvants, and AM31R) . Evaluation , Baycor Vangard for SAT apple scab control, 1983. FNETD. Caldwell, D.L. Kunickis, E.d. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : results - American Phytopathological Society. 1053 1986. v. 41. p. 166. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) . Evaluation of experimental fungicides on a protectant schedule on Red Delicious and Rome Beauty apple, 1984. FNETD. Yoder, K.S. Cochran, A.E. II; Warren. 1048 J.R.; Sharp, W.L.; Gray, N.H. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : Evaluation of Captan-EBI fungicide combinations results - American Phytopathological Society. for apple disease control, 1984. 1985. V. 40. p. 29. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 FNETD. Rosenberger, D.A. Meyer, F.W. s.l. AM31R) . The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : results - American Phytopathological Society. 1985. V. 40. p. 17-18. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1054 Evaluation of experimental fungicides on three apple cultivars, 1984. FNETD. Yoder, K.S. Cohran, A.E. II; Warren, J.R.; Sharp, W.L.: Gray, N.H. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests results - American Phytopathological Society. 1985. V. 40. p. 31-32. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 142 . . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 464.9 AM31R). 1060 Evaluation of flowering crabapple susceptibility to apple scab In Qh1o--1989. 1055 ORDCB. Smith, E.M. Treaster, S.A. Wooster, Ohio - : The Center. Special circular Ohio Evaluation of experimental fungicides on three Agricultural Research and Development Center. apple cultlvars, 1985. Jan 1990. (135). p. 21-26. Includes references. FNETD. Yoder, K.S. Cochran, A.E. II; Warren. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S). d.R.; Gray. N.H.; Schmidt. CM. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : results - American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. 1986. V. 41. p. 9. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 1061 AM31R) . Evaluation of flowering crabapple susceptibility to apple scab In Oh1o--1990. ORDCB. Smith, E.M. Treaster, S.A. Wooster, Ohio - 1056 : The Center. Special circular Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Evaluation of flowering crabapple Jan 1991. (137). p. 10-15. Includes references. susceptibility to apple scab In Ohio — 1985. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S). OARCB. Smith. E.M. Treaster. S.A. Wooster. Ohio - : The Center. Research circular Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Jan 1986. (289). p. 4-8. Includes references. 1062 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3R). Evaluation of flowering crabapple susceptibility to apple scab In Ohio- -1991. ORDCB. Smith, E.M. Treaster, S.A. Wooster, Ohio - 1057 : The Center. Special circular Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Evaluation of flowering crabapple In the series analytic: Ornamental susceptibility to apple scab In 0h1o--1986. pi ants- - 1992 : a summary of research. Jan 1992. OARCB. Smith, E.M. Treaster, S.A. Wooster. Ohio (140). p. 15-20. Includes references. (NAL Call - : The Center. Research circular Ohio No. : DNAL 100 0H3S) Agricultural Research and Development Center. Jan 1987. (291). p. 3-7. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3R). 1063 Evaluation of fungicide combinations on four 1058 apple cultlvars, 1985. FNETD. Yoder, K.S. Cochran, A.E. II; Warren, Evaluation of flowering crabapple J.R.; Gray, N.H.; Schmidt, CM. s.l. : The susceptibility to apple scab In Ohio- -1987. Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : ORDCB. Smith, E.M. Treaster, S.A. Wooster, Ohio results - American Phytopathol og i cal Society. - : The Center. Special circular Ohio 1986. V. 41. p. 24. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 Agricultural Research and Development Center. AM31R) In the series anal yt i c :* Ornamental plants-- 1988 : a summary of research.- Includes statistical data. Jan 1988. (115). p. 12-17. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 1064 0H3S) Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide combinations for control of apple scab, fly speck and sooty blotch, 1984. 1059 FNETD. Ellis. M.A. Madden. L.V.; Wilson. L.L. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide Evaluation of flowering crabapple tests results - American Phytopathol ogical susceptibility to apple scab In Qh1o--1988. Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 5-6. (NAL Call No.: ORDCB. Smith, E.M. Treaster, S.A. Wooster, Ohio DNAL 464.9 AM31R). - : The Center. Special circular Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. In the series analytic: Ornamental plants: a summary of research, 1989. Jan 1989. (123). p. 1065 9-13. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S) Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide combinations for control of apple scab. 1985. FNETD. Ellis. M.A. Madden. L.V.; Wilson, L.L. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - tests : results American Phytopathol ogical Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 11-12. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) 143 (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1066 1072 Evaluation of fungicides and time of Evaluation of fungicides for disease control on application for control of thread blight of apple in Missouri, 1984. apple, 1985. FNETD. Shaffer, W.H. Krause, G.F.; Dropkin, FNETD. Stuckey, R.E. Hartman, J.R.; Clinton, V.H. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and - W. ; Evans, M. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide nematicide tests : results American - and nematicide tests : results American Phytopathological Society. 1985. v. 40. p. Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 21-22. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 28-29. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1073 1067 Evaluation of fungicides for post infection Evaluation of fungicides applied on a reduced activity against apple scab, 1984. spray program, 1985. FNETD. Burr, T.J. Smith, C.A.; Davids, A.J. FNETD. Burr, T.J. Smith, C.A.; Seem, R.C.; s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - Disbros, L.D. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide tests results American Phytopathological and nematicide tests results - American Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 1. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 11. 464.9 AM31R). (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1074 1068 Evaluation of fungicides on a protective spray Evaluation of fungicides for control of apple schedule for control of apple scab and mildew, diseases in Missouri, 1985. 1985. FNETD. Shaffer, W.H. s.l. : The Society. FNETD. Burr, T.J. Smith, C.A.; Seem, R.C.; - Fungicide and nematicide tests results Disbrow, L.D. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. and nematicide tests results - American 41. p. 20-21. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 10. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1069 1075 Evaluation of fungicides for control of apple scab and powdery mildew, 1985. Evaluation of metalaxyl and captafol soil FNETD. Spotts, R.A. s.l. : The Society. drenches, composted hardwood bark soil - Fungicide and nematicide tests : results amendments, and graft union placement on American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. control of apple collar rot. 41. p. 5-6. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). PLDRA. Ellis, M.A. Ferree. D.C.; Madden, L.V. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Jan 1986. v. 70 (1). p. 24-26. Includes 16 references. (NAL Call No.: 1070 DNAL 1 . 9 P69P ) . Evaluation of fungicides for control of collar rot of apple, 1984. FNETD. Washington, W.S. s.l. : The Society. 1076 - Fungicide and nematicide tests : results American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. Evaluation of SAT applications of benzimidazole 41. p. 3-4. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). fungicides In combination with adjuvants for apple scab control, 1984. FNETD. Caldwell. D.L. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests results - 1071 American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 166. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). Evaluation of fungicides for control of collar rot, 1984 and 1985. FNETD. Berkett, L.P. s.l. : The Society. - Fungicide and nematicide tests : results 1077 American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 2. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). Evaluation of sterol - inhibi ti ng fungicides applied 72-hours after infection, 1985. FNETD. Jones, A.L. Ehret, G.R.: Comstock, R.E. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide - tests : results American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 15. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R) . 144 . . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1078 No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. for biological control of Phytophthora crown and root rot of apple seedl ings. 1081 PHYTA. Roiger, D.J. Jeffers, S.N. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. In Factors affecting release of ascospores by the a greenhouse bioassay, 223 isolates of five pear scab fungus (Venturia pirina). species of Trichoderma were evaluated as PLDRA. Latorre, B.A. Yanez, P.; Rauld, E. St. biological control agents of Phytophthora crown Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol og i cal and root rot of apple seedlings. Effects of Society. Plant disease. Mar 1985. v. 69 (3). p. inoculum rate and ambient temperature on 213-216. ill. Includes 10 references. (NAL Call seedling mortality caused by Phytophthora No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . cactorum were determined. Isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated with two delivery methods. A viscous suspension of conidia in an aqueous gel was applied to 1082 seedling roots, or a colonized mixture of peat and wheat bran (peat-bran) was added to soil. Factors influencing antagonism of Chaetomium After all isolates were evaluated twice with globosum to Venturia inaequalis: a case study both delivery methods, six isolates delivered in failed biocontrol. in peat-bran and five isolates delivered as PHYTAJ. Boudreau, M.A. Andrews, d.H. St. Paul, conidium suspensions had increased survival Minn. : American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. time of seedlings compared with treatments Phytopathology. Oct 1987. v. 77 (10). p. without Trichoderma spp. These 11 treatments 1470-1475. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: then were compared in a separate experiment. DNAL 464.8 P56). Isolate TW.055 of T. virens (= Gliocladium virens) in peat-bran consistently was superior to all other treatments; seedlings survived an average of 30 (out of 44) days whereas those in 1083 the control survived only 19 days. Isolates TW. 105 and TW.189 of T. koningii in peat-bran Field susceptibility of scab-resistant apple (both with an average seedling survival time of cultivars and selections to cedar apple rust, 24 days) and a conidium suspension of isolate quince rust and hawthorn rust. TW. 138 of T. harzianum (with an average FVRJA. Warner, J. University Park, Pa. seedling survival time of 22 days) were American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties effective in most trials. Trichoderma spp. were journal. Oct 1990. v. 44 (4). p. 216-225. promising as biological control agents of Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 Phytophthora crown and root rot of apple F9464) seedlings under experimental conditions conducive to disease development and, therefore, should be pursued as a potential means of biological control of the disease on 1084 apple trees in the orchard. The bioassay developed to evaluate isolates of Trichoderma Field susceptibility of 68 apple cultivars to spp. was effective and probably could be cedar apple rust, quince rust and hawthorn adapted to evaluate other microorganisms for rust potential to control Phytophthora crown and FVRJA. Warner, J. University Park, Pa. root rot of apple trees. Phytopathology. Aug American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties 1991. V. 81 (8). p. 910-917. Includes journal. Jan 1992. v. 46 (1). p. 6-10. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 1079 1085 Experimental fungicides for control of apple Flowering crab apple tree. diseases, 1984. Fiala, J.L. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A FNETD. Zehr, E.I. Kirby, G.W.; Foster, D.H. new variety of crab apple tree, which I call s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide "Doubloons", has large white double flowers, a - tests : results American Phytopathol ogical generally round habit of growth with upright Society. 1985. v. 40. p. 32-33. (NAL Call No.: spreading dense branches and yellow fruit. The DNAL 464. 9 AM31R) . new variety is resistant to apple scab. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Apr 10, 1990. (7216). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) 1080 Factors affecting dispersal of Mucor piriformis in pear orchards and into the packinghouse. PLDRA. Michailides, T.J. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Plant disease. Nov 1986. v. 70 (11). p. 1060-1063. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call 145 ...... (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1086 1092 Foliar antagonists: status and prospects. Germination and appressorium formation by Lindow, S.E. Orlando, Fla. Academic Press, Venturia inaequalis during infection of apple 1985. Biological control in agricultural IPM seedl i ng 1 eaves systems / edited by Marjorie A. Hoy, Donald C. PLDRA. Turner, M.L. MacHardy, W.E.; Gadoury, Herzog. Paper presented at the "Symposium on D.M. St. Paul, Minn. American Biological Control in Agricultural Integrated Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. July Pest Management Systems" June 4-6, 1984, held 1986. V. 70 (7). p. 658-661. Includes 21 at the Citrus Research and Education Center, references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). University of Florida, at. p. 395-413. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB933 . 3 . 8548 ) 1093 1087 In vitro activity of etaconazole, bitertanol, and fenarimol on fungi causing summer diseases Forecasting ascospore dose of Venturia of apples. i naequa lis in commerc i a 1 app 1 e orchards PLDRA. Sutton, T.B. Nardacci, J. P.; O'Leary, PHYTA. Gadoury, D.M. MacHardy. W.E. St. Paul, A.L. St. Paul, Minn. American Minn. : American Phy topatho 1 og i cal Society. Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Aug Phytopathology. Jan 1986. v. 76 (1). p. 1985. V. 69 (8). p. 700-703. ill. Includes 22 112-118. ill. Includes 38 references. (NAL Call references. (NAL Call No.; DNAL 1.9 P69P). No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1094 1088 In vitro reaction between apple pollen and 'Freedom': a disease-resistant apple. apple scab fungus (Venturia inaequalis Cke. HJHSA. Lamb, R.C. Aldwinckle, H.S.; Terry, D.E. Wint. ) Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Visser, T. Meys, 0. van der . New York : Horticultural Science. HortScience. Aug 1985. Spr i nger-Ver 1 ag , c1986. Biotechnology and V. 20 (4). p. 774-775. ill. Includes 3 ecology of pollen : proceedings. International references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Conference on Biotechnology and Ecology of Pollen, 9-11 July 1985, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA / ed. by D.L. Mulcahy, G.B. Mulcahy and E. Ottaviano. p. 119-124. Includes 1089 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QK658.B575). Fungal immigration dynamics and community development on apple leaves. MCBEBU. Kinkel, L.L. Andrews, J.H.; Nordheim, 1095 E.V. New York, N.Y. : Spr i nger - Ver 1 ag Microbial ecology. 1989. v. 18 (1). p. 45-58. In vitro testing of the reaction of apple Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL rootstocks to Phytophthora cactorum. 0R1OO.M5) FVRJA. Barritt, B.H. Covey, R.P.; D i 1 1 ey , M.A. University Park, Pa. American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1990. v. 44 (1). p. 23-25. Includes references. (NAL 1090 Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). Fungi, leaves, and the theory of island biogeography MCBEBU. Andrews. J.H. Kinkel, L.L.; Berbee, 1096 F.M.; Nordheim, E.V. New York Spr i nger-Ver 1 ag New York. Microbial ecology. 1987. v. 14 (3). Incidence and development of apple scab on p. 277-290. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: fruit during the late summer and while in DNAL QR100.M5). storage /by Cyril 0. Brat ley. Bratley, C. 0. 1903-1948. Washington : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1937. Caption title. 46 p. ill. ; 23 cm. Literature cited: p. 43-45. 1091 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 Ag84Te no. 563). Fungicide test on apple scab, 1985. FNETD. Hildebrand, P.D. Newbery, R.J.; Ross, R.G. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and 1097 nematicide tests results - American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 15. Incidence of scab and mildew on trees sprayed (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). with sterol - 1 nhibi ting fungicides for post- infect ion control of scab, 1985. FNETD. Hickey, K.D. May, J.; Garretson, M. s.l. The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests results - American Phytopathological 146 : . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) Society. 1986. v. 41 p. 13. (NAL Cal 1 No. 1101 DNAL 464.9 AM31R) . Influence of temperature and wetness duration on Infection of Immature apple and pear fruit by Phytophthora cactorum. 1098 PHYTA. Grove, G.G. Boal , R.d. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol og i ca 1 Society. Indiana commercial tree fruit spray schedules Phytophthora cactorum was recovered from 1986 / prepared by David L. Matthew ... et irrigation water from late June to September al . . 1989 and early dune to September 1990. Apple Matthew, David L. West Lafayette, IN : (cv. Golden Delicious) and pear (cv. Bartlett) Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue fruit inoculated with a zoospore suspension University, 1986? . Abstract: This guide for (10,000/ml) of P. cactorum were used to commercial tree fruit growers includes 1986 determine the effect of wetness duration and Indiana tree fruit spray schedules and temperature on disease severity and incidence. pesticide recommendations for apple, peach, In controlled environment studies, incidence cherry, pear and plum crops. It provides and severity increased with increased wetness Information on mite, mouse and weed control, duration (1-12 h) at temperatures between 10 growth regulators, chemical thinning, pesticide and 30 C on pears and 7 and 30 C on apples. On handling, safety, and Integrated Pest pears, the loss threshold of one lesion per Management (IPM). 37 p. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: fruit required wetness durations of 5, 4, and 3 DNAL 275.29 In2Id no. 168). h at 15, 20, and 25-30 C, respectively. At 20-30 C, a greater than or equal to 3-h wetness duration resulted in 100% infection on pears. On apples, the loss threshold of one lesion per 1099 fruit required 11-, 7-, 6-, 5-, and 3-h wetness durations at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 C, Influence of temperature and moisture on respectively. Wetness durations of 6-7 and 34 h germination of ascospores and conidia of were required for 100% infection at 15-20 and Botryosphaerl a obtusa. 25-30 C, respectively. Multiple regression PHYTA. Arauz, L.F. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, Minn. equations using temperature and wetness : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Maximum duration as independent variables adequately germination of conidia of Botryosphaer i a obtusa described disease incidence and severity on occurred in free water and declined as relative both hosts. In orchard studies on pears, humidity (RH) was reduced from 100 to 92%; no infection increased with increased wetness germination was observed at 88.5% RH. duration (1-20 h) and temperatures up to about Germination in free water reached 80% in 4 hr 28 C, and then declined slightly at longer at 16-32 C and in 12 hr at 12 C but was only 23 wetness durations at 29-31 C. Infection of and 0% at 8 and 4 C, respectively, after 12 hr apples in the field increased with increased Higher temperatures were required for wetness duration (1-20 h) up to 20-25 C and germination at 95 and 92% RH (16 and 28 C, then declined. Multiple regression equations respectively) than at 98, 99, and 100% RH (12 using temperature and wetness duration, and C). Conidial germination at 92% RH was observed temperature, wetness duration, and increasing only after 12 hr at 28 C. The two isolates day of year as independent variables adequately tested differed in temperature and relative described disease incidence and severity on humidity requirements for germination. pears and apples, respectively. The predicted Requirements for ascospore germination were loss threshold of one lesion per fruit on similar to those for conidia. Germ tube lengths orchard- 1 nocu 1 ated pears required wetness of ascospores and conidia were maximum in free durations of 1, 3, 6, and 6-11 h at 25, 20, 15, water and decreased with decreasing relative and 10 C, respectively; on apples the loss humidity. After 12 hr in free water, ascospore threshold ranged from 6 h at 10 and 27.5 C to germ tubes reached a maximum mean length of 3.5 h at 20 C. Susceptibility o. 0.78 mm at 28 C, whereas maximum conidial germ Phytopathology. Nov 1991. v. 81 (11). p. tube length was 0.82 mm at 24 C for isolate 087 1465-1471. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: and 0.99 mm at 28 C for isolate 049. Germ tube DNAL 464.8 P56). length of both types of spores declined at 32 C. Phytopathology, dune 1989 v. 79 (6). p. 667-674. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). 1102 Inhibition of pseudotheci al development of Venturia Inaequalls by the basidiomycete 1100 Athella bombacina In apple leaf litter. PHYTA. Young, C.S. Andrews, d.H. St. Paul, The Influence of temperature and moisture on Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. An the quantitative production of pseudothecia of immunocytochemical stain was developed to Ventur 1 a 1 naequa lis. detect the basidiomycete Athelia bombacina in PHYTA. O'Leary, A.L. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, apple leaf litter. The polyclonal antibodies Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. for A. bombacina were sufficiently specific Phytopathology. Feb 1986. v. 76 (2). p. that only hyphae of this fungus were detected 199-204. Includes 11 references. (NAL Call No.: in immunocytochemical 1 y treated sections of DNAL 464.8 P56). dead leaves inoculated with A. bombacina. Apple leaves naturally infected with Venturia Inaequalis were inoculated with A. bombacina. 147 . , (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) incubated outside from November 1986 to May 1106 1987, and sampled monthly. Sections stained i mmunocy tochem i ca 1 1 y showed that A. bombacina Isozyme variability among isolates of 1 grew endophy t i ca 1 y and epiphytically. The Phytophthora megasperma. antagonist prevented neither growth of hyphae PHYTA. Nygaard, S.L. Elliott, C.K.; Cannon, of V. inaequalis into the interior of leaves, S.J.; Maxwell, D.P. St. Paul, Minn. American nor initiation of pseudothec i a . There was no Phy topathol og i cal Society. Isozyme analysis was particular spatial association between hyphae used to study over 300 field Isolates of the of the two fungi, nor any sign of direct species Phytophthora. Interspecific diversity parasitism of hyphae or pseudothecia of V. for isozyme banding was identified among the inaequalis. Pseudothecia in leaves with the four species assayed, P. megasperma, P. antagonist did not mature further than the cactorum, P. cryptogea, and P. parasitica var. stage of producing pseudoparaphyses , reaching nicotianae. Intraspeci f ic isozyme diversity was an average of 84 micrometer in length. present among Isolates of P. megasperma that Pseudothecia in leaves without A. bombacina were recovered from 10 host plant species and developed asci normally and were 108 micrometer from many geographical origins; these isolates long by 1 May. These data were confirmed by represented many morphological types and results from an abbreviated sampling scheme of included the three formae speciales of P. Mcintosh apple leaves during 1987-1988 and by megasperma (f. sp . glycinea, f. sp. observations of pseudothec i al inhibition in medicaginis, and f. sp. trifolii). Isozyme crab apple leaves following delayed application analysis separated P. megasperma isolates into of the antagonist. Phytopathology. June 1990. at least six i ntraspec i f i c groups; the three P. v. 80 (6). 536-542. ill. Includes megasperma formae spec i al es- yc i nea p. -g 1 i - references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). medicaginis, and tr i f ol i -and the apple/apricot/cherry, Douglas fir, and broad host-range groups. These groups parallel those previously reported in the literature. The 1103 broad host-range group was further divided into at least three subgroups by isozyme analysis. Integrated management of postharvest diseases. All of the 224 isolates of P. m. f. sp. NEMFA . Rosenberger, D.A. North Amherst, Mass. glycinea and 41 of the 45 isolates of P. m. f. The Association. New England fruit meetings ... sp. medicaginis had identical isozyme banding Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - patterns within their respective formae Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. speciales. Isolates of P. m. glycinea and P. m. Meeting held on February 1-2, 1989, Sturbridge, medicaginis baited from the same geographical Massachusetts. Feb 1989. v. 95. p. 106-112. sites had no intra-formae speciales variant or Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 intermediate banding patterns. This, and M384) . evidence previously reported, lead us to conclude that the two formae speciales, P. m. medicaginis and P. m. glycinea, are not naturally intermating populations and that they 1104 exist as two biological species distinct from other P. megasperma isolates. Phytopathology, Interactions between actinomycete-1 ike duly 1989. V. 79 (7). p. 773-780. Includes organisms and young apple roots grown in soil references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). conducive to apple replant disease. PHYTAd. Westcott, S.W. Ill, Beer, S.V. Israel, H.W. St. Paul, Minn. American Phy topathol og i cal Society. Phytopathology. July 1 107 1987. v. 77 (7). p. 1071-1077. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). MARY BLITE: a predictive model for apple fire blight disease management. ARHMA. Steiner, P.W. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State 1105 Horticultural Society. 1987. (117th). p. 44-50. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 Investigating physical modes of action of tree M58 ) . fruit fungicides. Szkolnik, M. St. Paul, Minn. : APS Press, C1986. Methods for evaluating pesticides for control of plant pathogens / edited by Kenneth 1 108 D. Hickey ; prepared jointly by the American Phy topathol og i cal Society and the Society of Methods for field evaluation of fungicides for Nematol og i sts . p. 98-101. ill. Includes control of foliar and fruit diseases of apple. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB960.M47 Hickey, K.D. Yoder, K.S.; Zehr, E.I. St. Paul. 1986) Minn. ; APS Press, c1986. Methods for evaluating pesticides for control of plant pathogens / edited by Kenneth D. Hickey ; prepared jointly by the American Phytopathol ogical Society and the Society of Nematol ogi sts . p. 116-119. Includes references. (NAL Call No.; DNAL SB960.M47 1986). 148 . . . . e , . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1109 1113 Microbial introductions to apple leaves: The new generation of disease resistant apples. influences of altered immigration on fungal NEMFA. Lamb, R.C. Livermore, K.G. North community dynamics. Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England MCBEBU. Kinkel, L.L. Andrews, J.H.; Nordheim, fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... - E.V. New York, N.Y. : Spr i nger-Ver 1 ag annual meeting Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Microbial ecology. 1989. v. 18 (2). p. 161-173. Association. Meeting held January 31-February Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1, 1990. 1990. V. 96. p. 102-106. (NAL Call QR100.M5) No. : DNAL 81 M384) . 1110 1114 Modeling aerial dispersal of the apple scab New, non-f ungicidal techniques to aid in the fungus. management of apple scab. FOPSA. Aylor, D.E. New Haven, Conn. : The NEMFA. MacHardy, W.E. North Amherst, Mass. : Station. Frontiers of plant science - The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Fall 1990. V. 43 (1). p. 6-8. Includes Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 F92). Meeting held January 31-February 1. 1990. 1990. V. 96. p. 75-78. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). 1111 1115 Negative geotropism in Venturia inaequalis. PHYTAJ. Gadoury, D.M. MacHardy, W.E. St. Paul, A new plant growth regulator of microbial Minn. : American Phytopathol og i cal Society. origin. Phytopathology. July 1985. v. 75 (7). p. CHNCA8. Voblikova, V.D. Kobrina, N.S.; 856-859. ill. Includes 13 references. (NAL Call Gerasimova, N.M.; Pavlova, Z.N.; Dem'yanova, No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) G.F.; Murygina, V.P.; Volosova, L.I.; Muromtsev, G.S. New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau. Chemistry of natural compounds. Translated from: Khimiia prirodnykh soedinenii, 1112 p. 387-391. (0D241.K45). May/June 1985. v. 21 (3). p. 362-365. Includes 7 references. (NAL A new chlorinated phenyl pyrrole antibiotic Call No.: DNAL QD241.K453). produced by the antifungal bacterium Pseudomonas cepacia. JAFCAU. Roitman, J.N. Mahoney, N.E.; Janisiewicz, W.J.; Benson, M. Washington, D.C. 1116 : American Chemical Society. A group of chlorinated phenyl pyrrol e derivatives was No carcinogen/zero residue production system Isolated from a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia for apples. collected from apple leaves during a screening ARHMA. Jones, A.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The program designed to detect agents for Society. Annual report - Michigan State biological control of fruit spoilage fungi. One Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. of these substances, 176-180. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) 2 , 3-d 1 chl oro-4- ( 2-ami no-3-chl oropheny 1 )pyrrol e has not been previously reported. In vitro testing showed that all four of the phenyl pyrrol es had antifungal activity toward 11 17 several fruit pathogens. The new phenyl pyrrol showed fungal inhibitory effects on Golden Orchard diseases and fungicide update. Delicious apples inoculated with conidia of ARHMA. Jones, A.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The pathogenic organisms. An unrelated but known Society. Annual report - Michigan State compound, Horticultural Society. 1987. (117th). p. 58-60. - ) ) 2 ( 2-hepteny 1 -3 -methyl -4 ( 1H -qu i nol one , was (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) also isolated. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. Feb 1990. v. 38 (2). p. 538-541. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 J8223) 1118 Parasitic fitness and intrastrain diversity of benomyl -sensi ti ve and benomyl -resi stant subpopulations of Venturia inaequalis. PHYTAJ. Lalancette, N. Hickey, K.D.; Cole, H. Jr. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Phytopathology. Nov 1987. V. 77 (11). p. 1600-1606. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). 149 ...... (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1119 1 125 Patterns of ascospore discharge by Venturis Pests not known to occur in the United States inaequal is. or of limited distribution. 76. A fruit brown PHYTAJ. MacHardy, W.E. Gadoury, D.M. St. Paul, rot Minn. : American Phy topathol og i cal Society. Chang, L.W.H. Hyattsville, Md. : The Service. Phytopathology. Oct 1986. v. 76 (10). p. APHIS 81 - U.S. Department of Agriculture, 985-990. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. DNAL 464.8 P56) Sept 1986. (49). 14 p. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSB599 . A3U5 ) 1120 1126 Perennial canker and bull's eye rot of apples. WUEXA. Maloy, O.C. Covey, R.P. Jr. Pullman, Phenotype patterns of benomyl -res i stant - Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin isolates of Venturis inaequal is in eight Washington State University, Cooperative orchards in British Columbia, Csnsds. Extension Service. In subseries: Plant PLDIDE. Sholberg, P.L. Yorston, J.M. St. Paul, Diseases. Apr 1989. (1517). 2 p. ill. (NAL Call Minn. American Phytopathological Society. No. : DNAL 275.29 W27P) Plant disease. June 1991. v. 75 (6). p. 616-619. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . 1121 Performance of scab resistant apple cultivars 1127 at the Smithfield Experimental Farm. FVRJA. Warner, J. Potter, C. University Park, Phytophthora crown rot of spple trees: sources Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit of Phytophthors csctorum snd P. cambivors as varieties journal. July 1988. v. 42 (3). p. primary inoculum. 96-102. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: PHYTAJ. Jeffers, S.N. Aldwinckle, H.S. St. DNAL 80 F9464) . Paul, Minn. American Phytopathological Society. Phytopathology. Mar 1988. v. 78 (3). p. 328-335. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1122 Persistence and control of benomyl tolerant apple scab, 1981 1128 FNETD. Washington, W.S. s.l. : The Society - Fungicide and nematicide tests : results Phytophthora root and crown rot of apple trees American Phy topathol og i cal Society. 1986. v. in Arizona. 41. p. 23. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). PLDIDE. Matheron, M.E. Young, J.; Matejka, J.C. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. June 1988. v. 72 (6). p. 481-484. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1 123 DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . Persistence of captan on apples, grapes, and pears in Ontario, Canada, 1981-1983. JAFCAU. Frank, R. Northover, J.; Braun, H.E. 1129 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. Phytophthora root and stem rot of apple May/June 1985. v. 33 (3). p. 514-518. Includes rootstocks from stool beds. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 J8223). PLDIDE. Tidball, C.J. Linderman, R.G. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Feb 1990. v. 74 (2). p. 141-146. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1124 1 .9 P69P) . Pesticide use and levels of insect and scab injury on fruit in Nova Scotia apple orchards JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Rogers, R.E.L.; 1130 MacLellan, C.R. College Park, Md Entomological Society of America. Journal of Plant diseases. economic entomology. Aug 1987. v. 80 (4). p. WUEXA. Grove, G. Byther, R.; Covey, R. Pullman, 979-984. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Wash. The Service. Extension bulletin - DNAL 421 J822) . Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Feb 1990. (1044, rev.). 4 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). 150 (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1131 1134 Population dynamics of Mucor piriformis in pear Postsymptom activity of ergosterol inhibitors orchard soils as related to decaying pear against apple powdery mildew. fruit. PLDRA. Cimanowski, J. Szkolnik, M. St. Paul, PHYTA. Dobson. R.L. Mi cha 1 1 i des . T.J.; Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Cervantes, L.A.; Spotts, R.A. St. Paul. Minn. Plant disease. July 1985. v. 69 (7). p. American Phytopathol og i cal Society. The 562-563. Includes 12 references. (NAL Call No. population dynamics of Mucor piriformis in soil DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . in four pear orchards were studied over a 3-yr period. Populations of sporang i ospores fluctuated in an annual cyclic pattern, with a sharp increase occurring about 1-3 mo after 1135 harvest. Population densities increased from less than 10(2) to between 10(3) and 2 X 10(3) Potential for biological control of sporangi ospores per cubic centimeter of dry Phytophthora root and crown rots of apple by soil, then rapidly declined between December Trichoderma and Gliocladium spp. and February, and usually remained below 10(2) PHYTA. Smith, V.L. Wilcox, W.F.; Harman, G.E. sporangiospores per cubic centimeter throughout St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological the summer. In soil kept free of vegetation and Society. A system was developed to identify fruit, the population density of isolates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium with sporangiospores declined rapidly from 1.5 X potential for biocontrol of P. cactorum. 10(5) per cubic centimeter and remained below Seedlings from open-pollinated Mcintosh apples 10(3) per cubic centimeter for more than 2 yr. were grown in potting mix infested with both Addition of pea r fruits to this soil resulted Phytophthora cactorum and candidate biocontrol in an increase from 14 to 9.6 X 10(3) spores fungi (Trichoderma and Gliocladium spp.). After per cubic centimeter between September 1986 and 14 days of growth and a 72-hr flooding January 1987. In controlled plots, soils interval, significant reductions in root damage amended with pear fruit showed a significant and increases in plant weight, compared with increase in propagule population densities. seedlings exposed to P. cactorum alone, were However, in commercial orchards, tha observed with some isolates of biocontrol relationship between density of fruit on the candidates. Presence of both the pathogen and orchard floor and population densities of biocontrol fungi in the potting mix sporangiospores in soil was less clear. The significantly influenced plant weight and the importance of additional factors affecting incidence of hypocotyl infection, and population densities of M. piriformis in pear chi-square analysis indicated a lack of orchards, including insect and rodent vectors, independence between qualitative root damage spread of infected fruits by mowing and birds, ratings and the presence of biocontrol agents. and favorable soil temperature, are discussed. In the absence of P. cactorum, growth of apple Phytopathology, dune 1989 v. 79 (6). p. seedlings was significantly increased by the 657-660. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: presence of some isolates of biocontrol fungi. DNAL 464.8 P56) . The system developed will aid in the identification of isolates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium spp. with potential for biocontrol of P. cactorum. Phytopathology. Sept 1990. v. 1132 80 (9). p. 880-885. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). Populations of Mucor piriformis in soil of pear orchards in the Hood River Valley of Oregon. PLDRA. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol og i cal Society. 1136 Plant disease. Oct 1986. v. 70 (10). p. 935-937. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Preparation of inoculum for brown rot of stone DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . fruit and apple scab. Szkolnik, M. St. Paul, Minn. : APS Press, C1986. Methods for evaluating pesticides for control of plant pathogens / edited by Kenneth D. Hickey jointly the American 1133 ; prepared by Phytopathological Society and the Society of Post Infection evaluation of fungicides, 1985. Nematol ogi sts . p. 71-72. Includes references. FNETD. Burr, T.J. Smith, C.A.; Seem, R.C.; (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB960.M47 1986). Disbrow, L.D. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide - and nematicide tests : results American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 10-11. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1137 Processing quality of pear selections in the Harrow breeding program. FVRJA. Kappel , F. Quamme, H.A. University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Oct 1987. v. 41 (4). p. 136-140. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 151 . . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1 138 1142 Protectant and after- infect ion activity of Reduction of spray applications by the use of fungicides against Botryosphaeri a obtusa on the Reuter-Stokes apple scab predictor in apple. Mi ssouri , 1984 PLDIDE. Arauz, L.F. Sutton. T.B. St. Paul, FNETD. Shaffer, W.H. s.l. : The Society. - Minn. : American Phytopathol og i cal Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests results Plant disease. Dec 1990. v. 74 (12). p. American Phytopathol ogical Society. 1986. v. 1029-1034. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 41. p. 20. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). DNAL 1 .9 P69P) 1143 1139 Resistance to powdery mildew from some Protective activity of fungicides and fungicide smal 1 -f rui ted Malus cultivars. mixtures against apple scab, 1984. HJHSA. Gallott. J.C. Lamb, R.C.; Aldwinckle, FNETD. Szkolnik, M. s.l. : The Society. H.S. Alexandria, Va. American Society for Fungicide and nematicide tests results - Horticultural Science. HortScience. Dec 1985. American Phytopathol og i cal Society. 1985. v. V. 20 (6). p. 1085-1087. Includes references. 40. p. 25-26. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 1 140 1144 Purification and characterization of cutinase A revision of Mill's criteria for predicting from Venturia inaequalis. apple scab infection periods. PHYTAJ. Koller, W. Parker, D.M. St. Paul, Minn. PHYTAJ. MacHardy, W.E. Gadoury, D.M. St. Paul, : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Venturia Minn. : American Phy topatho 1 og i ca 1 Society. A inaequalis was grown in a culture medium review of published investigations of the containing purified apple cutin as the sole relationship between leaf wetness, temperature, carbon source. After 8 wk of growth an esterase and infection of apples leaves by Venturia was isolated from the culture fluid and inaequalis indicated that infection by purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme ascospores requires approximately 3 hr less hydrolyzed tritiated cutin and thus was than the interval reported by Mills and identified as cutinase. The purified cutinase Laplante (Cornell Ext. Bull. 711, rev. 1951). is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of Conidia require approximately 2.5 hr more than 21-23 kg/mol . as determined by various ascospores to infect apple foliage, rather than procedures. Remarkable structural features are two-thirds the time required by ascospores, as a high content of glycine, a high content of stated by Mills. The discrepancy with ascospore nonpolar amino acids, two disulfide bridges, infection could be explained by the daily and a high degree of hydrophob i c i ty . Cutin periodicity of ascospore discharge, in which hydrolysis by cutinase from V. inaequalis is nearly all ascospores are released during the optimal at pH of 6 and thus different from the daytime. A revision of Mill's warning system is alkaline pH-optimum reported for other proposed which computes primary infection prurified cutinases. The hydrolysis of the periods from 0700 hr when the rain begins at model ester p-ni trophenyl butyrate was less night and utilizes a new polynomial equation affected by the pH. The esterase activity was for predicting infection. The impact of the strongly inhibited by diisopropyl revised criteria on scab warning systems is f 1 uorophosphate , and the phosphorylation of one discussed. Phytopathology. Mar 1989. v. 79 (3). serine was sufficient for complete inhibition. p. 304-310. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Thus, cutiinase from V inaequalis belongs to DNAL 464.8 P56) the class of serine hydrolases, a characteristic shared with other fungal cutinases. Phytopathology. Mar 1989. v. 79 (3). p. 278-283. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1 145 DNAL 464 . 8 P56 ) 'Richelieu' apple. HJHSA. Granger, R.L. Fortin. C.N.; Rousselle, G.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for 1141 Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1990. V. 25 (10). p. 1310-1311. ill. Includes Reduced sensitivity to sterol -Inhibi ting references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). fungicides in field isolates of Venturia inaequal Is. PHYTA. Stanis. V.F. Jones, A.L. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Phytopathology. Oct 1985. v. 75 (10). p. 1098-1101. Includes 23 references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 152 . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1146 1150 Role of cutlnase in the penetration of apple Seasonal variation in extent of colonization of leaves by Venturia inaequalis. two apple rootstocks by five species of PHYTA. Koller, W. Parker, D.M.; Becker. CM. Phytophthora. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical PLDRA. Jeffers, S.N. Aldwinckle, H.S. St. Paul. Society. Cutin hydrolysate induced the Minn. : American Phytopatho 1 ogi ca 1 Society. production of extracellular cutinase by Plant disease. Oct 1986. v. 70 (10). p. mycelium and germinating conidia of Venturia 941-945. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: inaequalis. The level of production was DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . dose-dependent up to 0.25 mg ml(-1) of hydrolysate added. Glucose was found to act as a repressor of cutinase production, but basal levels of the enzyme could be induced at high 1151 concentrations of glucose. Induction of cutinase was inhibited by cycloheximide, but Sensitivity distribution of Venturia inaequalis not actinomycin D. to the sterol demethyl ation inhibitor 0-Methyl-0-butyl-0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)- flusilazole: baseline sensitivity and phosphate was shown to act as an almost implications for resistance monitoring. quantitative inhibitor of cutinase purified PHYTA. Smith. F.D. Parker, D.M.; Koller, W. St. from V. inaequalis. In the presence of the Paul. Minn. : American Phytopathol ogi cal inhibitor on the surface of apple leaves Society. Sensitivities ( ED50 values) of 300 inoculated with conidia of the pathogen, the monoconldial isolates of Venturia inaequalis to formation of subcuticular mycelium beneath the sterol demethyl at i on inhibitor (DMI) appressoria, and thus, cuticle penetration, was flusilazole were determined, based on the prevented. The results suggest that cutinase is inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. Isolates induced by cutin monomers liberated from were collected from three different orchards: cuticles upon contact with conidia, and that in orchards 1 and 2, DMIs had never been used, the enzyme is crucially involved in cuticle whereas various DMIs had been tested for 12 yr penetration. The induction of basal levels of in orchard 3. ED50 values for individual cutinase in the presence of glucose indicates a isolates were lognormally distributed, ranging leakiness of repression and might be related to from 0.0006 to 0.17, 0.0016 to 0.14, and 0.0007 a more permanent role of cutinase during to 0.065 microgram ml-1 in orchards 1, 2, and subcuticular growth of the pathogen. 3, respectively. Population means of the log Phytopathology. Nov 1991. v. 81 (11). p. transformed ED50 values were 0.0068, 0.01, and 1375-1379. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0.076 microgram ml-1 for orchards 1, 2, and 3, DNAL 464.8 P56) respectively. Although the mean sensitivities were similar for all three sites, the mean ED50 value of orchard 2. in which DMI fungicides had never been used, was significantly higher than 1147 the mean of the two other orchards. Furthermore, the population of orchard 3, which Ro1e of the cuticular membrane in ontogenic and was exposed to DMI fungicides for 12 yr, had Vf -res i stance of apple leaves against Venturia not become more resistant to flusilazole inaequal is. compared to unexposed populations. Thus, PHYTAd. Val sangiacomo, C. Gessler, C. St. Paul, differences in mean sensitivities of V. Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. inaequalis populations are not necessarily Phytopathology. Aug 1988. v. 78 (8). p. related to the history of use of DMIs. 1066-1069. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Regardless of small differences among orchards, No. : DNAL 464 . 8 P56) the variance of sensitivities determined for the three populations was homogenous, and all ED50 values could be combined in one distribution. Sample sizes necessary to detect 1148 differences in mean population sensitivities were determined based on the variation among Scab- immune apple varieties for new orchards. all 300 isolates. A sample size of 50 was Stebbins, R.L. Corvallis, Or. : The Service. sufficient to detect a difference of 1.6 times Extension circular EC - Oregon State the mean ED50 value. Sample sizes of >50 did University, Extension Service. Apr 1990. not greatly improve the precision of the test, (1334). 5 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 0R32C). whereas with sample sizes of < 15, the detectab i 1 i ty of sensitivity differences among populations was decreased. The magnitude of growth inhibition at a single fungicide 1149 concentration close to the mean ED50 value of the baseline population was found to include a Scab- resistant apple cultivars. precise measure of flusilazole sensitivities. FVRJA. Korban, S.S. Morrisey, d.M. University Phytopathology. Apr 1991. v. 81 (4). p. Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit 392-396. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: varieties journal. Apr 1989. v. 43 (2). p. DNAL 464.8 P56) . 48-50. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 153 . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1152 levels of frogeye leafspot and lower levels of scab and rust as compared to the levels Separation by protein electrophoresis of six resulting from the standard ca 1 endar - based species of Phytophthora associated with protectant program (mancozeb + benomyl at 2-wk deciduous fruit crops. intervals). However, more sprays were required PHYTAd. Bielenin, A. Jeffers, S.N.; Wilcox, in the weather-based program using a 7-day W.F.; Jones, A.L. St. Paul, Minn. : American minimum waiting period between eradicant sprays Phy topatho 1 og i cal Society. Pol yacryl amide gel than for the calendar-based program. Levels of electrophoresis was employed to compare the all three diseases were similar in a 14-day patterns of native and sodium dodecyl sulfate protectant program using either tebuconazole or dissociated proteins obtained from mycelia of penconazole as compared to eradicant programs six species of Phytophthora isolated primarily of the same fungicides. Apple seedlings were from deciduous fruit crops grown in the Great set outdoors and exposed to natural inoculum of i Lakes states. The i ntraspec i f i c variation in B. obtusa, G. j un i per - v i rg i n 1 anae , and V. banding patterns among isolates identified as inaequalis for 18 individual wetting periods to P. cactorum, P. cambivora, and P. syringae was evaluate the effect of eradicant sprays on less than that among isolates identified as P. subsequent disease development. In all cases in megasperma, P. cryptogea, and P. drechsleri. which infection occurred, application of an When native proteins were analyzed, the number eradicant spray of tebuconazole resulted in of distinct subgroups distinguished were two in reduction of the three diseases as compared to P. drichsleri, three in P. crytogea, and six in that on a nonsprayed control. Phytopathology. P. megasperma. When dissociated proteins were Nov 1990. V. 80 (11). p. 1212-1218. Includes analyzed, P. cactorum, P. syringae, and P. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). cambivora each formed single, distinct groups; P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri each formed two subgroups, one of which was common to isolates of both species. Most isolates of P. megasperma 1154 from deciduous fruit crops, when compared with isolates representing the six protein subgroups Soil -borne organisms affecting replanted pears. previously established for isolates of P. HJHSA. Cameron, H.R. Westwood, M.N.; Lombard, megasperma, had protein patterns belonging to P.B. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for the "broad host range" group, whereas the Horticultural Science. HortScience. Paper remaining few belonged to the "apple, cherry, presented at the "Symposium on Interactions of apricot" group. The results obtained with Soil -borne Organisms and Woody Perennial Root electrophoresis support the use of this Systems," July 31, 1985, Blacksburg, Virginia. approach as an aid in distinguishing the Dec 1986. v. 21 (6). p. 1306-1310. Includes species and subgroups within species of references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) Phytophthora encountered on deciduous fruit crops. Phytopathology. Nov 1988. v. 78 (11). p. 1402-1408. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1155 Spatial pattern, inoculum density-disease Incidence relationship, and population dynamics 1153 of Sclerotium rolfsii on apple rootstock. PLDRA. Tomasino, S.F. Conway, K.E. St. Paul, Simultaneous use of infection criteria for Minn. : American Phy topathol og i ca 1 Society. three apple diseases for timing of fungicide Plant disease. Aug 1987. v. 71 (8). p. 719-724. sprays Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 PHYTA. Arauz, L.F. Sutton, T.B.; Pope, L.R. St. P59P) Paul, Minn. : American Phy topathol og i cal Society. The feasibility of using criteria for infection by Botryosphaer i a obtusa, Venturia inaequalis, and Gymnosporangium 1156 i i i J un i per - V rg n i anae on foliage of apple (Malus X domestica) in a combined weather-based Special apple disease problems and controls. forecasting system for frogeye leafspot, apple MUCBA . East Lansing, Mich. The Service. scab, and cedar-apple rust was evaluated Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension through computer simulation and in a field Service, Michigan State University. Dec 1986. study. Ten sets of historical weather data from (E-154). p. 24-27. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 two locations in North Carolina were analyzed. M58B) . Using a 7-day minimum waiting period between eradicant sprays, eight to 15 fungicide applications per season were required. More applications were required with the forecaster 1157 than with a typical calendar-based spray program for five data sets; the same number of Stability of benomyl homologues and their sprays were advised for one data set; and less efficacy against sensitive and spraying was advised with the forecaster for benomyl -resi stant Botrytis cinerea. four data sets. With a 14-day minimum waiting JAFCAU. Northover, J. Chiba, M. Washington, period between fungicide applications, six to D.C. : American Chemical Society. Journal of nine sprays per season were advised. In a field agricultural and food chemistry. Sept/Qct 1989. trial, weather-based eradicant sprays of V. 37 (5). p. 1416-1421. Includes references. penconazole or tebuconazole resulted in similar (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 J8223). 154 . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) 1158 infection, W = 14.8 - 265.2T(-1) + 2988. 4T(2). No infection occurred under field conditions in Strategies for selecting antagonistic those instances where no infection was microorganisms from the phylloplane. predicted. The leaf infection models accurately Andrews, J.H. St. Paul, Minn. : American predicted the level of 84.7% of the infections Phytopathol ogi cal Society, c1985. Biological obtained under field conditions. In 8.5% of the control on the phylloplane / edited by Carole cases, less disease than expected for the E. Windels and Steven E. Lindow. Papers particular combination of W and T was obtained; presented at a symposium entitled "Biological more infection than predicted was observed in Control Strategies in the Phylloplane," Aug 15, 6.8% of the cases. Most of the incorrect 1984, Guelph, Ontario, p. 31-44. (NAL Call No.: predictions occurred for wetting periods where DNAL SB732.6.B5). moderate infection was anticipated. Phytopathology. Apr 1989. v. 79 (4). p. 440-444. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1159 Suppression of apple bloom by fungicides that inhibit sterol synthesis. 1162 PLDRA. Latham, A.J. Dozier, W.A. Jr.; Knowles, J.W.; Hoi 1 ingsworth, M.H. St. Paul, Minn. : Use of fluid-drilling gels to deliver American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Plant biological control agents to soil. disease. Sept 1985. v. 69 (9). p. 776-778. PLDRA. Conway, K.E. St. Paul, Minn. : American Includes 6 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Sept P69P) 1986. v. 70 (9). p. 835-839. Includes 24 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). 1160 1163 Survival of European red mite on apples with different levels of susceptibility to powdery Validation of an electronic unit for predicting mi Idew. apple scab infection periods. HJHSA. Goonewardene, H.F. Kwolek, W.F.; OARCB. Ellis, M.A. Madden, L.V.; Wilson, L.L. - Williams, E.B. Alexandria, Va. : American Wooster, Ohio : The Center. Research circular Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Oct 1986. V. 21 (5). p. 1222-1224. Includes Center. July 1986. (290). p. 55-57. (NAL Call references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). No. : DNAL 100 0H3R) 1161 1164 Temperature and wetness duration requirements Variation In ribosomal DNA among biological for apple Infection by Botryosphaeria obtusa. species of Armillaria, a genus of PHYTA. Arauz, L.F. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, Minn. root- infecting fungi. : American Phytopathological Society. The EVOLA. Anderson, J.B. Bailey, S.S.; Pukkila, combined effect of temperature and wetness P.J. Lawrence, Kan. : Society for the Study of duration on infection of apple Botryosphaeria Evolution. Evolution. Dec 1989. v. 43 (8). p. obtusa was studied on Delicious seedlings and 1652-1662. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Golden Delicious apple fruit. The optimum No. : DNAL 443.8 EV62) temperature for leaf infection was 26.6 C; at this temperature, 4.5 and 13 hr were required for the pathogen to cause 1 ight and severe infection, respectively. Lower temperatures 1165 required longer wetting periods for infection to occur, and no infection was observed at 8 C 1986 commercial apple spray guide. with wetness periods shorter than 48 hr. At 32 Gorsuch, C.S. Miller, R.W. Clemson, S.C. : The C, infection was reduced and a longer wetting Service. Information card - Clemson University. period was required for infection than at 28 C. Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1986. The optimum temperatures for fruit infection (110, rev.). 8 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 ranged from 20 to 24 C; 9 hr of wetting were S08I ) . required for light infection to occur. Infection of fruit required 38 hr of wetting at 8 C, whereas 28 and 32 C resulted in reduced fruit infection. Models were derived 1166 empirically to indicate the duration of leaf wetness (W) necessary, at a given temperature 1988 Illinois commercial tree fruit spray (T), for a specified level of infection to schedules / prepared by S.M. Ries . . . et a1 . . occur. For light leaf infection (less than 1 Ries, S. M. Urbana : Cooperative Extension lesion/100(2) cm of leaf tissue), W = Service, University of Illinois at 3527.7T(-2), and for severe leaf infection Urbana-Champaign, 1988 . Abstract: This guide - (greater than 10 lesions/100 cm(2)), W = 1 16 for commercial tree fruit growers includes 1988 5380.7T(-1) + 70257. 5T(-2) . For fruit Illinois tree fruit spray schedules and 155 . (PLANT DISEASES - FUNGAL) pesticide recommendations for apple, peach, cherry, pear and plum crops. It provides information on fungicide, insecticide and muticide harvest restrictions, mouse and weed control, growth regulators, chemical thinning, pesticide handling, safety, and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Cover title.- "January, 1988"--P. 4 of cover.- "C-1151 S.". 40 p. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB608 . F8N56 ) 1167 1989 commercial apple spray guide. Miller, R.W. Gorsuch, C.S. Clemson, S.C. : The Service. Information card - Clemson University, Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1989. (110, rev.). 12 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 S08I ) . 156 . . . PLANT DISEASES - BACTERIAL 1168 40-44. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464) . Abnormalities In 'Starkspur Supreme Delicious' on nine rootstocks in the 1980-81 NC-140 cooperative planting. FVRJA. University Park, Pa. : American 1171 Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Oct 1991. V. 45 (4). p. 213-219. Includes Apple decl ine. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). PWHAA. Parish, C.L. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1989. (85th). p. 225-227. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call 1169 No. : DNAL 81 W273) The analysis of plasmid-mediated streptomycin resistance in Erwinia amylovora. PHYTA. Chiou. C.S. Jones. A.L. St. Paul. Minn. 1172 : American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Streptomycin-resistant mutants of Erwinia Apple Decline Disease. amylovora were isolated from an apple orchard PWHAA. Parish, C.L. Wenatchee, Wash. : The in Michigan and from crabapple trees adjacent Association. Proceedings - Washington State to the same orchard in 1990. Isolates that grew Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. on King's medium B amended with 100 108-112. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call microgram/ml of streptomycin sulfate were No. : DNAL 81 W273) considered to be resistant strains, whereas isolates that failed to grow on this medium were considered to be sensitive strains. Growth of the resistant strains was not inhibited in a 1173 filter-paper disk assay (0.06-5 microgram of streptomycin sulfate), but growth of sensitive Association of an unusual strain of Xanthomonas strains was inhibited at concentrations as low campestris with apple. as 0.06 microgram of streptomycin sulfate. Only PHYTAJ. Maas, J.L. Finney, M.M.; Civerolo, sensitive strains were detected in an E.L.; Sasser, M. St. Paul, Minn. : American additional 19 apple orchards sampled for Phytopathological Society. Phytopathology. Apr resistant strains. In colony blot 1985. V. 75 (4). p. 438-445. ill. Includes 21 hybridizations, an internal portion of the references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). streptomycin-resistance gene (probe SMP3) from strain Psp36 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans hybridized with all streptomycin-resistant strains of E. amylovora, 1174 but not with streptomycin-sensitive strains. Probe SMP3 hybridized to a 2.7-kb restriction Bactericidal treatment for the eradication of fragment from Aval -di gested total genomic and Erwinia amylovora from the surface of mature plasmid DNA of two resistant strains of E. apple fruit. amylovora and to a 1.5-kb fragment in DNA from PLDIDE. Janisiewicz, W.J. Zwet , T. van der . St. strain Psp36 of P. s. papulans. The probe did Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological not hybridize with digested DNA from sensitive Society. Plant disease. Aug 1988. v. 72 (8). p. strains. A 33-kb plasmid was present in all 715-718. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: streptomycin-resistant field strains but not in DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . streptomycin-sensitive strains. Streptomycin resistance was transferred by matings to four streptomycin-sensitive recipient strains of E. amylovora from each of two 1175 streptomycin-resistant donor strains. Transcon j ugants also contained the 33-kb Bud blast and canker of apple trees in plasmid. DNA from resistant strain Ea88-90 from Massachusetts. Washington did not hybridize with the probe, NEMFA. Cooley, D.R. North Amherst, Mass. : The indicating that this strain contains a Association. New England fruit meetings ... resistance system unrelated to that in Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - streptomycin-resistant strains from Michigan. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. Phytopathology. July 1991. v. 81 (7). p. V. 92. p. 72-75. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 710-714. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: M384) . DNAL 464.8 P56) 1176 1170 Chemical control of fire blight of apple during Annual deblossoming Increases fire blight bloom, 1985. susceptibility of 'Golden Del icious VM. 9 apple FNETD. Norelli. J.L. Burr, T.J. s.l. : The trees. Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests : FVRJA. Schupp, J.R. Ferree. D.C. University results - American Phytopathological Society. Park. Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit 1986. V. 41. p. 4. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. AM31R) 157 ...... (PLANT DISEASES - BACTERIAL) 1177 1 183 Commercial apple insect and disease Crown-gall injury in the orchard /by O.B. control --1991 . Swingle and H.E. Morris. Taylor, G. 1879-1944. Von Broembsen, S. Coppock , S.; Swingle, Deane B. Morris, H. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. OSU current E._1886-. Bozeman, Mont. : University of report - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Montana, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1918. Extension Service. Feb 1991. (6241). 6 p. (NAL p. 121 -139 : ill. ; 23 cm. Includes Call No.: DNAL S451.0508). bibliographical references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 M76 ( 1 ) no. 121 ) . 1178 1184 Comparison of early performance and fire blight susceptibility of 12 early season apple Differential susceptibility of Malus spp. cul ti vars cul ti vars Robusta 5, Novole, and Ottawa 523 to FVRJA. Ferree, D.C. Funt , R.C.; Chandler, C.K. Erwinia amylovora. University Park, Pa. American Pomological PLDRA. Norelli, J.L. Aldwinkle, H.S.; Beer, Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1988. v. S.V. St. Paul, Minn. American 42 (1). p. 24-28. Includes references. (NAL Phy topathol og i ca 1 Society. Plant disease. Nov Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 1986. V. 70 (11). p. 1017-1019. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). 1179 1185 Compendium of apple and pear diseases /edited by A.L. Jones, H.S. Aldwinckle. Dispersal of Paraphlepsius Irroratus (Say) Aldwinckle, H. S.; Jones, A. L. St. Paul, Minn. (Homoptera: Cicadel 1 idae) in peach and cherry : APS Press, c1990. vi, 100 p., 22 p. of orchards plates : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm. Includes EVETEX. Larsen, K.J. Whalon, M.E. Lanham. Md. : bibliographical references and index. (NAL Call Entomological Society of America. Dispersal of No.: DNAL SB608 . A6C65 ) the leafhopper vector of X-disease, Paraphlepsius irroratus (Say) within and into peach and cherry orchards was monitored by a mark, release, and recapture experiment. 1 180 Field-collected adults were marked using fluorescent dyes and released at locations in Controlling blister spot of Crispin apples. and outside of two orchard sites. The marking Burr, T.J. Wilcox, W.F. Batavia, N.Y. : method did not significantly affect leafhopper Agricultural Div. of Coop Extension, Four flight activity or survival. Dispersal was Western Plain Counties, N.Y. State. Ag impact. monitored using yellow sticky board traps for May 1989. v. 16 (5). p. 7. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 21 d following each release, and the data were S544.3.N7A45) fitted to equations. The overall leafhopper recapture rate within 60 m was 2.35%. Dispersal rate for the first and second generations averaged 2.9 and 3.8 m/d. Wind was the major 1181 factor Influencing leafhopper dispersal direction, as mean dispersal direction Controlling fire blight of pear and apple by correlated significantly with mean wind accurate prediction of the blossom blight direction (r = 0.94, P less than or equal to phase. 0.05). Temperature affected leafhopper PLDIDE. Zwet, T. van der . Zoller, B.G.; activity; this was particularly apparent with Thompson, S.V. St. Paul, Minn. American second-generation adults active at temperatures Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. June approximately 11 degrees C less than 1988. v. 72 (6). p. 464-472. ill. (NAL Call f i rst -generat i on adults. There was no No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) significant difference in the overall dispersal behavior between first and second-generations. Implications of this movement to the spread of X-disease are discussed. Environmental 1 182 entomology. Oct 1988. v. 17 (5). p. 842-851. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Crepuscular movement of Paraph lepsi us irroratus 0L461 . E532) . (Say) (Hompoptera; Cicadel 1 idae) between the groundcover and cherry trees. EVETEX. Larsen, K.J. Whalon, M.E. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Oct 1987. v. 16 (5). p. 1103-1106. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL QL461 .E532) 158 .. . (PLANT DISEASES - BACTERIAL) 1186 1191 Effects of fosetyl-AI, metal axyl, and Evidence of biological control of Agrobacterium Enterobacter aerogenes on crown and root rot of tumefaciens strains sensitive and resistant to apple trees caused by Phytophthora cactorum in agrocin 84 by different Agrobacterium British Columbia. radiobacter strains on stone fruit trees. PLDIDE. Utkhede. R.S. Smith, E.M. St. Paul, APMBA. Lopez, M.M. Gorris, M.T.; Salcedo, C.I.; Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Montojo, A.M.; Miro, M. Washington, D.C. Plant disease. Apr 1991. v. 75 (4). p. 406-409. American Society for Microbiology. The Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 effectiveness of Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, P69P) 0341, and a K84 non-agroc i n-produc i ng mutant (K84 Agr-) in biological control of crown gall on rootstocks of stone fruit trees was determined in three experiments. In experiment 1187 1, K84 and 0341 controlled crown gall on plum plant in soil inoculated with two strains of 'Elliot' pear. Agrobacterium tumefaciens resistant to agrocin HJHSA. Ryugo, K. Alexandria, Va. : American 84. In experiment 2, K84 controlled crown gall Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. on peach plants in soils inoculated with Oct 1989. V. 24 (5). p. 869-870. ill. Includes strains of A. tumefaciens sensitive or references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). resistant to agrocin 84 or with a mixture of both. However, the effectiveness of Ka4 was higher against the sensitive strain than against the resistant strain. There was a 1188 residual effect of K84 from one year to another in soil inoculated with the sensitive strains. Evaluating spray materials to control fire In experiment 3, K84 and K84 Agr- controlled blight: laboratory, greenhouse, and field crown gall on plum and peach plants in soils techniques. inoculated with strains of A. tumefaciens Beer, S.V. Norel 1 i , O.L. St. Paul, Minn. : APS sensitive or resistant to agrocin 84. The Press, C1986. Methods for evaluating pesticides control afforded by K84 was higher than that for control of plant pathogens / edited by provided by K84 Agr- against the sensitive resistant Kenneth D. Hickey ; prepared jointly by the strain but was similar against the American Phytopathological Society and the strain. Applied and environmental microbiology. Society of Nematol ogi sts . p. 134-142. Includes Mar 1989. v. 55 (3). p. 741-746. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB960.M47 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 448.3 APS). 1986) 1192 1189 Field evaluations of frost injury to deciduous Evaluation of mature apple fruit from fruit trees as influenced by ice Washington State for the presence of Erwinia nuci eat ion-active Pseudomonas syringae. amylovora. JOSHB. Proebsting, E.L. Jr. Gross, D.C. PLDIDE. Roberts, R.G. Reymond, S.T.; Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the McLaughlin, R.J. St. Paul, Minn. : American American Society for Horticultural Science. Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Nov July 1988. V. 113 (4). p. 498-506. Includes 1989. V. 73 (11). p. 917-921. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). 1193 1190 Fire blight and its control. Evaluation of streptomycin, oxytetracycl ine, NEMFA. Steiner, P.W. North Amherst, Mass. : The and copper resistance of Erwinia amylovora Association. New England fruit meetings ... isolated from pear orchards in Washington Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - State. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. PLDIDE. Loper, J. Henkels, M.D.; Roberts, R.G.; Meeting held January 31 -February 1, 1990. 1990. Grove, G.G. ; Willet, M.J.; Smith, T.J. St. V. 96. p. 39-43. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Mar 1991. v. 75 (3). p. 287-290. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) 1194 Fire blight of pear and apple /H.E. Thomas and K.G. Parker. Thomas, H. Earl 1890-. Parker, K. G._1906-. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 1933. 24 p, 1 leaf of plates : ill. ; 23 cm. Bibliography: p. 22-24. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 N48C (1) no. 557). 159 . . (PLANT DISEASES - BACTERIAL) 1195 trees resulted in detectable but limited bacterial movement up to 3.0 cm in stems and no Fire blight resistance of several wild pear detectable movement above the crown from root seedlings collected in southwestern Ontario. inoculations. Phytopathology. Apr 1991. v. 81 FVRJA. Quamme, H.A. University Park, Pa. (4). p. 453-457. Includes references. (NAL Call American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) journal. Apr 1986. v. 40 (2). p. 59-61. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464 ) . 1200 Homologous streptomycin resistance gene present 1196 among diverse gram-negative bacteria in New York state apple orchards. Fire blight susceptibility of apple APMBA. Norel 1 i , J.L. Burr, T.J.; Lo Cicero, introductions and selections. A.M.; Gilbert, M.T.; Katz, B.H. Washington, FVRJA. Mehl enbacher , S.A. Varney, E.H. D.C. : American Society for Microbiology. The University Park, Pa. : American Pomological streptomycin resistance gene of Pseudomonas Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1987. v. syringae pv. papulans Psp36 was cloned into 41 (1). p. 19-22. Includes references. (NAL Escherichia col i and used to develop a 500-bp Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). DNA probe that is specific for streptomycin resistance in P. syringae pv . papulans. The probe is a portion of a 1-kb region shared by three different DNA clones of the resistance 1197 gene. In Southern hybridizations, the probe hybridized only with DNA isolated from Fireb light susceptibility of ornamental pears streptomycin-resistant strains of P. syringae in southern conditions. pv. papulans and not with the DNA of Fare, D.C. Gilliam, C.H.; Ponder, H.G. Auburn, streptomycin-sensitive strains. Transposon - Ala. : The Station. Research report series insertions within the region of DNA shared by Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn the three clones resulted in loss of resistance University. Sept 1991. (7). p. 19-20. (NAL Call to streptomycin. Colony hybridization of No.: DNAL S54 1 . 5 . A2R47 ) . bacteria isolated from apple leaves and orchard soil indicated that 39% of 398 streptomyc i n- res i stant bacteria contained DNA that hybridized to the probe. These included 1198 all strains of P. syringae pv . papulans and some other fluorescent pseudomonads and Foliar antagonists: status and prospects. nonf 1 uorescent gram-negative bacteria, but none Lindow, S.E. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press, of the gram-positive bacteria. The same-size 1985. Biological control in agricultural IPM restriction fragments hybridized to the probe systems / edited by Marjorie A. Hoy, Donald C. in P. syringae pv. papulans. Restriction Herzog. Paper presented at the "Symposium on fragment length polymorphism of this region was Biological Control in Agricultural Integrated occasionally observed in strains of other Pest Management Systems" June 4-6, 1984, held taxonomic groups of bacteria. In bacteria other at the Citrus Research and Education Center, than P. Syringae pv. papulans, the streptomycin University of Florida, at. p. 395-413. Includes resistance probe hybridized to d 1 f f erent - s i zed references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB933 . 3 . B548 ) plasmids and no relationship between plasmid size and taxonomic group or between plasmid size and orchard type, soil association, or leaf association could be detected. Applied and 1199 environmental microbiology. Feb 1991. v. 57 (2). p. 486-491. ill. Includes references. (NAL Frequency, distribution, and characteristics of Call No.: DNAL 448.3 AP5). endophytic Pseudomonas syringae in pear trees. PHYTA. Whitesides, S.K. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Internal stem and root tissues of pear trees 1201 were sampled for presence of Pseudomonas syringae at seven orchards in Oregon. Isolates Identification and detection of Erwinia positive for fluorescence (F+) and negative for amylovora with monoclonal antibodies. cytochrome oxidase reaction (Ox-) were defined PHYTAJ. Lin, CP. Chen, T.A.; Wells, J.M.; Van as P. syringae. Endophytic F+ Ox- strains der Zwet , T. St. Paul, Minn. : American occurred in 84% (57/68) of the trees. Phytopathol og i cal Society. Phytopathology. Feb Eighty-one percent (191/235) of the F+ 1987. V. 77 (2). p. 376-380. ill. Includes endophytic stains were Ox-. A total of 159 and references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). 32 P. syringae strains were found in root and stem tissues, respectively. The endophytic P. syringae strains varied with respect to ice nucleation activity, induction of hypersensitive response on tobacco, pathogenicity on pear and cherry fruits, and genomic DNA fingerprinting. Inoculations of P. syringae into root and stem tissues of potted 160 . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - BACTERIAL) 1202 1206 Identification of Erwinia amylovora, the Inheritance of resistance to fire blight in fireb light pathogen, by colony hybridization Mai us crosses. with DNA from plasmid pEA29. Korban, S.S. Ries, S.M.; Morrisey, J.F.; APMBA. Falkenstein, H. Bellemann, P.; Walter, Hattermann, D. Washington, D.C. : Horticultural S.; Zeller, W.; Geider, K. Washington, D.C. Research Institute. Journal of environmental American Society for Microbiology. All strains horticulture. Mar 1988. v. 6 (1). p. 22-24. of Erwinia amylovora characterized carry a Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL medium-size plasmid of 29 kilobases (pEA29). We SB1 .066) mapped this plasmid with various restriction enzymes, cloned the whole DNA into an Escherichia col i plasmid, and subcloned restriction fragments. These DNA species were 1207 used for identification of E. amylovora after handling of strains in the laboratory and also Isolation and characterization of in field isolates. About 70 strains of E. opine-uti 1 izing strains of Agrobacterium amylovora and 24 strains from nine other tumefaciens and fluorescent strains of species, mainly found in plant habitats, were Pseudomonas spp. from rootstocks of Mai us. checked in a colony hybridization test. PHYTA. Canfield, M.L. Moore, L.W. St. Paul, Virulent and avirulent E. amylovora strains Minn. : American Phytopathol og 1 cal Society. reacted positively, whereas the other species Media containing opines were used to isolate were negative. Apart from the hybridization Agrobacterium tumefaciens and fluorescent assay, the positive strains were additionally Pseudomonas spp. from rootstock tumors and tested for ooze production on rich agar with 5% roots of Malus. Strain B49C of A. tumefaciens sucrose and on immature-pear slices. Unspecific was used to inoculate cultivars Mark, EMLA 7, background hybridization of non-E. amylovora and Red Delicious seedling apple rootstocks in strains found for hybridization with the whole field trials at two nurseries in Washington E. amylovora plasmid was almost eliminated when state. Crown gall incidence was greater on a 5-kilobase Sail fragment from pEA29 was used inoculated than on uninoculated controls at as a probe and when the washes after the both locations. Of 12 strains of A. tumefaciens hybridization procedure were done with high isolated, three utilized mannopine, four stringency. Under these conditions, E. utilized nopal ine, and four utilized both amylovora could be readily identified from mannopine and nopal ine as the sole carbon and field isolates. Applied and environmental nitrogen source in culture media. None of the microbiology. Nov 1988. v. 54 (11). p. 12 strains utilized octopine, and one utilized 2798-2802. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call none of the three opines tested. Forty-one No. : DNAL 448.3 APS) strains of Pseudomonas spp. utilized octopine, 48 utilized nopal ine, one utilized both octopine and nopal ine, and none utilized mannopine. Seventy-seven of the isolates of 1203 Pseudomonas spp. inhibited the growth of A. tumefaciens in culture. Phytopathology. Apr Identification, symptomatology, and 1991. V. 81 (4). p. 440-443. Includes epidemiology of fire blight on Le Conte pear in references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). the Nile Delta of Egypt. PLDRA. Zwet, T. van der . St. Paul, Minn. American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. Mar 1986. v. 70 (3). p. 230-234. ill., 1208 maps. Includes 13 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 .9 P69P) Multiple antibiotic production by Erwinia herbicola. PHYTAJ. Ishimaru, C.A. Klos, E.d.; Brubaker, R.R. St. Paul, Minn. : American 1204 Phytopathological Society. Phytopathology. June 1988. V. 78 (6). p. 746-750. ill. Includes Industry involvement a must*. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). WEFGA. Klassen, P. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Apr 1987. v. 107 (4). p. 56F-56G. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). 1209 The new generation of disease resistant apples. 1205 NEMFA. Lamb, R.C. Livermore, K.G. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England Infection of apple roots by act i nomycetes fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... associated with soils conducive to apple annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' replant disease. Association. Meeting held January 31-February PLDRA. Westcott, S.W. III. Beer, S.V.; Stiles. 1, 1990. 1990. V. 96. p. 102-106. (NAL Call W.C. St. Paul, Minn. : American No. : DNAL 81 M384) Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. Dec 1986. V. 70 (12). p. 1125-1128. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). 161 . . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - BACTERIAL) 1210 1216 Occurrence and nature of ice nucl eat ion- active Population dynamics and diversity of strains of Pseudomonas syringae on apple and Pseudomonas syrinage on maple and pear trees peach trees in Georgia. and associated grasses. PLDIDE. Olive, J.W. McCarter, S.M. St. Paul, PHYTAJ. Malvick, D.K. Moore, L.W. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phy topathol og i cal Society. Minn. American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. The Plant disease. Oct 1988. v. 72 (10). p. number of epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae 837-843. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call isolated from maple twigs and leaves between No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) July 1985 and September 1986 was erratic (undetectable to 10(5) cfu/g), whereas the number isolated from pear was more stable and often higher (10(3) to 10(6) cfu/g). P. 1211 syringae was isolated consistently (about 10(4)-10(7) cfu/g) from perennial rye, orchard, Overview of fire blight of pear. red fescue, annual rye, and brome grasses PWHAA. Smith, T.d. Wenatchee, Wash. : The growing among trees in the maple nursery and Association. Proceedings - Washington State from perennial rye grass in the pear orchard. Horticultural Association. 1986. (82nd). p. In greenhouse pathogenicity tests, 87% of the 163-171. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). P. syringae isolates from maple trees was pathogenic in maple seedlings, whereas 15% of the isolates from pear trees was pathogenic in young pear trees. Of the isolates tested from 1212 grasses, 55% from the maple nursery was pathogenic in maple seedlings, and 29% from Pathogenicity and numerical analysis of grass in the pear orchard was pathogenic in phenotypic features of Pseudomonas syringae young pear trees. These data indicate that strains isolated from deciduous fruit trees. grasses and trees support reservoirs of PHYTAJ. Roos, I.M.M. Hattingh, M.J. St. Paul inoculum of pathogenic P. syringae. Indigenous Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. isolates from a maple nursery were variable Phytopathology, dune 1987. v. 77 (6). p. relative to pathogenicity and DNA 900-908. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: restriction-fragment analysis, indicating that DNAL 464.8 P56). epiphytic populations of P. syringae from the grasses and trees were heterogenous. Phytopathology. Oct 1988. v. 78 (10). p. 1366-1370. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call 1213 No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) Pear blight /J.C. Arthur. Arthur, Joseph Charles, 1850-1942. Geneva, N.Y. : New York State Agricultural Experiment 1217 Station, 1885. 4 p. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 N48 (2) no . 2 ) Population of Erwinia amylovora on external and internal apple fruit tissues. PLDIDE. Van der Zwet, T. Thomson, S.V.; Covey, R.P.; Bonn, W.G. St. Paul, Minn. : American 1214 Phy topathol og i cal Society. Plant disease. Sept 1990. V. 74 (9). p. 711-716. ill. Includes Pear production in Wisconsin. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). Dana, M.N. Stang, E.J.; Mahr, D.L. Madison, Wis. The Service. Publication - University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension Service. 1985. (A2072). 8 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1218 S544. 3.W6W53) Regeneration and transformation experiments in apple. NASSD. Welander, M. Maheswaran, G. New York, 1215 N.Y. : Plenum Press. NATO ASI series : Series A Life sciences. In the series analytic: Woody Pear tree-- 'El 1 iot' plant biotechnology / edited by M.R. Ahuja. Ryugo, K. Washington, D.C. : The Office. A new Proceedings of a Workshop at the Institute of and distinct variety of pear tree primarily Forest Genetics, USDA Forest Service, October characterized by its tolerance to the 15-19. 1989, Placerville, California. 1991. v. fire-blight organism. (Erwinia amylovora), and 210. p. 237-246. ill. Includes references. (NAL further characterized by a blooming habit Call No.: DNAL QH301.N32). concurrent with 'Bartlett'; skin with firm and buttery texture, and fruit with a flavor which is excellent to good. The keeping quality of the fruit is good to excellent. Plant patent - United States Patent and Trademark Office. Dec 6, 1988. (6452). 2 p. plates. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 156.65 P69 ) 162 ...... (PLANT DISEASES - BACTERIAL) 1219 1224 Role of motility in apple blossom infection by The significance of secondary bloom to fire Erwinia amylovora and studies of fire blight blight development on bartlett pears in eastern control with attractant and repellent Washington. compounds PLDIDE. Covey, P.P. Fischer, W.R. St. Paul, PHYTA. Bayot, R.G. Ries, S.M. St. Paul, Minn. : Minn. : American Phytopathol og i cal Society. American Phytopathol og i cal Society. Plant disease. Oct 1988. v. 72 (10). p. 911. Phytopathology. Apr 1986. v. 76 (4). p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 441-445. Includes 18 references. (NAL Call No.: P69P) DNAL 464.8 P56) 1225 1220 Special apple disease problems and controls. The role of the stigma in fire blight MUCBA. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service. infections. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension PHYTAd. Thomson, S.V. St. Paul, Minn. : Service, Michigan State University. Dec 1986. American Phytopathological Society. (E-154). p. 24-27. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 Phytopathology. May 1986. v. 76 (5). p. M58B) 476-482. ill. Includes 25 references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1226 1221 Streptomycin resistance of Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans in apple orchards and its Scanning electron microscopy of apple blossoms association with a conjugative plasmid. colonized by Erwinia amylovora and E. PHYTAJ. Burr, T.J. Norel 1 i , J.L.; Katz, B.; herbicola. Wilcox, W.F.; Hoying, S.A. St. Paul, Minn. : PHYTAJ. Hattingh, M.J. Beer, S.V.; Lawson, E.W. American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Phytopathology. Apr 1988. v. 78 (4). p. Society. Phytopathology. Sept 1986. v. 76 (9). 410-413. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call p. 900-904. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1227 1222 Susceptibility of pear cultivars to blossom Scanning electron microscopy of invasion of blast caused by Pseudomonas syringae. apple leaves and blossoms by Pseudomonas HJHSA. Whitesides, S.K. Spotts, R.A. syringae pv. syringae. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for APMBA. Mansvelt, E.L. Hattingh. M.J. Horticultural Science. Conditions were Washington, D.C. : American Society for established for inducing pear (Pyrus communis Microbiology. Scanning electron microscopy L.) blossom blast caused by Pseudomonas indicated that Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Ps) on detached shoots. Highest syringae L795 entered leaves through stomata incidence of infection followed occurrence of a and multiplied in the substomatal chambers. major exotherm in the presence of Ps suspended Strain L195 applied to blossoms colonized in water drops on blossom tissue. Eight pear stigmas and also occurred in intercellular cultivars were evaluated for susceptibility to spaces of styles. Nonpathogenic strain L796 blossom blast, with the red-fruited 'Beurre failed to colonize blossoms. This study d'Anjou' sports 'Gebhart' and 'Columbia' least suggests that inoculum of pathogenic P. susceptible and 'Doyenne du Cornice', 'Beurre syringae builds up apples leaves and blossoms. d'Anjou', and 'Beurre Bosc' most susceptible. Applied and environmental microbiology. Feb HortScience. July 1991. v. 26 (7). p. 880-882. 1989. V. 55 (2). p. 533-538. ill. Includes Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 448.3 AP5). SB1 .H6) 1223 1228 Screening shoot cultures of Mai us for Understanding fire bl ight- -predict ion and cedar-apple rust infection by in vitro control inoculation. ARHMA. Thomson, S.V. East Lansing, Mich. : The PLDIDE. doung, H. Korban, S.S.; Skirvin, R.M. Society. Annual report - Michigan State St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. 54-59. Society. Plant disease. Dec 1987. v. 71 (12). (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) p. 1119-1122. ill. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) 163 (PLANT DISEASES - BACTERIAL) 1229 Virulence of Erwinia amylovora strains to Malus sp. Novole plants grown in vitro and in the greenhouse. PHYTAJ. Norelli, J.L. Aldwinckle, H.S.; Beer, S . V . St. Paul, Minn. American Phytopathol og i cal Society. A rapid, efficient method to determine the virulence of strains of Erwinia amylovora to Malus sp. Novole has been developed and evaluated. The method uses plantlets of Novole propagated in vitro. Plantlets are inoculated by cutting one or more leaves with scissors dipped in a suspension of E. amylovora (5 x 10(7) colony-forming units per milliliter). Fourteen days later, those plantlets inoculated with strain E400 1A (virulent to Novole) showed typical fire blight symptoms including systemic necrosis and i watersoak ng ; plantlets inoculated with strain Ea 273 (avirulent to Novole but virulent on most other apple cultivars) showed no systemic fire blight symptoms. When 39 strains of E. amylovora were evaluated for virulence to Novole, there was a significant association between data obtained from the plantlet assay and from inoculation of greenhouse-grown Novole plants. The plantlet assay was used to evaluate the virulence of 142 field strains from North America, Europe, and Egypt. Twelve strains from the eastern and central United States and Canada were virulent to Novole. Although there was a good correlation of symptom development in plantlets and greenhouse-grown plants inoculated with a standard virulent and avirulent strain, the growth of these E. amylovora strains after inoculation differed in the plant materials grown in vitro and in the greenhouse. In greenhouse-grown Novole plants, populations of both virulent and avirulent strains decreased 6 hr after inoculation. Between 6and 72 hr after inoculation the virulent strain increased by 10(2), whereas the avirulent strain increased very little. In in vitro plantlets, there was no decline in population after inoculation; instead cells of both virulent and avirulent strains increased by 10(4) and 10(2), respectively, between 0 and 96 hr after inoculation. Phytopathology. Oct 1988. V. 78 (10). p. 1292-1297. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). 1230 6-Thioguanine from Erwinia amylovora. CUMIDD. Feistner, G. Staub, CM. New York, N.Y. Springer International. Current microbiology. 1986. V. 13 (2). p. 95-101. Includes 48 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QR1.C78). 164 . . . PLANT DISEASES - VIRAL 1231 No. : DNAL 464.8 P56). Apple tip leaf antigens that cause spurious reactions with tomato ringspot virus ant i sera in enzyme- 1 inked immunosorbent assay. 1235 PHYTAJ. Mink, G.I. Howell, W.E.; Frindlund, P.R. St. Paul, Minn. : American Histology of Delicious/Mailing Merton 106 trees Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Phytopathology. Mar affected by apple union necrosis and decline. 1985. V. 75 (3). p. 325-329. Includes 18 PHYTAJ. Tuttle, M.A. Gotlieb, A.R. St. Paul. (NAL Call references. No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Phytopathology. Mar 1985. v. 75 (3). p. 342-347. ill. Includes 18 references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1232 Control of dagger and lesion nematodes in apple and plum orchards with fenamiphos, carbofuran, 1236 and carbosulfan. PLDIDE. Rosenberger, D.A. Meyer, F.W. St. Paul, Homology of the agent associated with dapple Minn. : American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. apple disease to apple scar skin viroid and Plant disease. June 1988. v. 72 (6). p. molecular detection of these vlroids. 519-522. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: PHYTA. Hadidi, A. Huang, C; Hammond, R.W.; 1 . DNAL 9 P69P ) Hashimoto. J. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Gel electrophoresis coupled with molecular hybridization analyses using 32P-labeled SP6-generated apple scar skin ) 1233 viroid ( ASSV -spec i f 1 c cRNA probes demonstrated that the pathogen associated with dapple apple Feeding behavior of the winter- form pear disease is a viroid that is closely homologous psylla, Psylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae), to ASSV. Dapple apple viroid (DAV) consists of on reproductive and transitory host plants. fewer than 359 nucleotides and is systemically EVETEX. Ullman, D.E. McLean, D.L. College Park, distributed in apple seed, fruit, bark, leaf, Md. Entomological Society of America. A and root tissues of infected apple trees. comparison was made of the probing behavior of Molecular hybridization assays using reproduct i vel y diapausing winter-form pear 32P- labeled ASSV cRNA probes have been psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster (Homoptera: developed and applied for the detection of DAV Psyllidae), given access to leaves of Pyrus or ASSV in small amounts of infected apple communis cv . Winter Nell is (pear, the sole tissue (0.2-2.0 g). These assays are accurate, reproductive host) and Prunus persica cv. easy to perform, and applicable for screening Lovel 1 (peach, a transitory host on which DAV or ASSV in imported apple cultivars. These psylla do not reproduce). Winter-form pear viroids now can be positively identified from psylla ingested predominantly from the phloem, infected apple tissue in a few days instead of xylem, and spongy parenchyma cells of pear and a few years by fruit symptoms on grafted woody peach leaves. The elapsed time to first probe indicators. Phytopathology. Mar 1990. v. 80 was significantly longer when insects were (3). p. 263-268. ill. Includes references. (NAL given access to peach than when given access to Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). pear, yet the mean proportion of total probe time spent ingesting when various peach and pear leaf cell types were probed did not differ significantly, withthe exception of spongy 1237 parenchyma cells. These results suggest that preprobe stimuli mediate discrimination between Influence of apple green crinkle disease on the reproductive and transitory host plants by quality of Granny Smith apples. winter-form psylla. The possible sensory PLDRA. Fridlund, P.R. Drake, S.R. St. Paul, mechanisms underlying host acceptance and Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. discrimination between leaf cell types by Plant disease. July 1987. v. 71 (7). p. winter-form pear psylla, as well as the 585-587. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: epidemiological implications of these data for DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . pear decline, are discussed. Environmental entomology. Aug 1988. v. 17 (4). p. 675-678. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 . E532) 1238 Influence of levels of leaf expression of apple mosaic on net photosynthesis and transpiration 1234 of leaves of four apple cultivars. FVRJA. Ferree, D.C. Clayton-Greene, K. Graft union histology and distribution of University Park. Pa. : American Pomological tomato ringspot virus in infected Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1990. v. Mcintosh/Mailing Merton 106 apple trees. 44 (1). p. 45-47. ill. Includes references. PHYTAJ. Tuttle, M.A. Gotlieb, A.R. St. Paul, (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Phytopathology. Mar 1985. v. 75 (3). p. 347-351. ill. Includes 14 references. (NAL Call 1 165 . . (PLANT DISEASES - VIRAL) 1239 1242 Phylogeny of caps Id proteins of rod- shaped and Transmission of tomato ringsport virus by filamentous RNA plant viruses: two families Xiphinema americanum and X. rivesi frort New with distinct patterns of sequence and probably York apple orchards. structure conservation. dONEB. Georgi , L.L. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of VIRLA. Dolja, V.V. Boyko, V.P.; Agranovsky, Nematol og1 sts . Journal of nematology. Apr 1988. A. A.; Koonin, E . V . Orlando, Fla. : Academic V. 20 (2). p. 304-308. Includes references. Press. Computer-assisted comparative analysis (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L39 1 . N4 062 ) of all available amino acid sequences of the capsid proteins of positive strand RNA plant viruses with helical capsids is described. Two distinct families of homologous proteins were 1243 delineated through statistically significant sequence similarities, one including the capsid Virus tested pear germplasm available at the proteins of rod-shaped viruses (tobamo-, National Clonal Germplasm Repository in tobra-, hordei-, and furoviruses) and the other Corvallis, Oregon. those of filamentous viruses (poty-, bymo-, FVRJA. Postman, J. Hummer, K. University Park. potex-, carla-, and cl osterovi ruses ) . It was Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit concluded that the capsid proteins of all varieties journal. July 1988. v. 42 (3). p. rod-shaped viruses, on the one hand, and 109-115. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call filamentous viruses, on the other hand, evolved No. : DNAL 80 F9464) . from common ancestors. Analysis of residue conservation patterns in the capsid proteins of rod-shaped viruses revealed maintenance of the hydrophobic core and of the (putative) salt bridge between conserved Arg and Asp residues. Sequence comparisons within the filamentous virus family expanded the observations on the relationship between the capsid proteins of potex-, carla-, poty-, and bymoviruses. Grouping of the beet yellows closterovi rus capsid protein sequence, recently determined in this laboratory (Agranovsky al , et . J. Gen. Virol., 1991, 72, 15-23), with those of potex- and carlavi ruses was demonstrated. The coat protein of another cl osterov i rus . apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, appeared to constitute a distinct phylogenetic lineage. Despite the lack of significant overall similarity, comparison of the alignments of the capsid proteins of the two families suggested formation of analogous salt bridges. Virology. Sept 1991. V. 184 (1). p. 79-86. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 448.8 V8 1 ) 1240 Reactions of crab apples considered as potential apple pollinizers to latent virus infection. FVRJA. Fridlund, P.R. Aichele, M.D. University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1987. v. 41 (1). p. 17-18. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 1241 The rose mosaic heat therapy program at Florida Southern College. Manners, M.M. s.l. : The Society. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State Horticulture Society. 1986. v. 98. p. 344-347. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB319.2.F6F56). 166 . . PLANT DISEASES - PHYSIOLOGICAL 1244 1250 Abnormalities in 'Starkspur Supreme Delicious' Application of computer vision for detecting on nine rootstocks in the 1980-81 NC-140 watercore in apples. cooperative planting. Throop, J. A. Rehkugler, G.E.; Upchurch, B.L. FVRJA. University Park, Pa. : American St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche Oct 1991. V. 45 (4). p. 213-219. Includes collection). Paper presented at the 1988 Winter references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, 1245 Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Anticipated changes In postharvest technology 1988. (fiche no. 88-6567). 26 p. ill. Includes for apples. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). NEMFA. Blanpied, G.D. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1251 Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, The association of molybdenum and oxalic acid 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 111-118. Includes with several mineral elements involved in the references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). development of internal bark necrosis of the apple /by Donald Richard Heinicke. Heinicke, Donald Richard, 1931-. 1960 i.e., - 1961 . Thesis University of Maryland, College 1246 Park. Publication changed on t.p. charged to read 1961 t. 63 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. Apple replant disease; what is it, and how do Bibliography: leaves 61-63. (NAL Call No.: DNAL you combat it?. DISS 61 -5, 396) . NEMFA. Costante, J.F. North Amherst, Mass. The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1252 Meeting held January 31-February 1, 1990. 1990. V. 96. p. 81-86. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). Bitter pit--a calcium-related physiological disorder of apples. Hopfinger, J. A. New Brunswick, N.J. : The Service. FS - Cooperative Extension Service, 1247 Cook College. 1987. (185). 2 p. (NAL Call No. DNAL S544.3.N5F7) Apple rosette /O.M. Morris. Morris, 0. M. 1874-1943. Pullman, Wash. : State College of Washington, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1923. Cover title. 30 p. : ill. ; 23 1253 cm. Bibliography: p. 29. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 W27E no. 177) Bitter pit in apple fruit. Ferguson, I.E. Watkins, C.B. Portland, Or. Timber Press. Horticultural reviews. Literature review. 1989. 1 1 289-355. Includes 1248 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB317.5.H6). Apple russet ing. PWHAA. Peterson, B. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State 1254 Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 210-213. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). Burrknots on clonal apple rootstocks and their development as affected by scion cultivar. CFRTA. Rom, R.C. East Lansing, Mich. International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. 1249 Compact fruit tree. 1986. v. 19. p. 183-188. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 Apple seedling response to calcium. D96) . JPNUDS. Han, Z.H. Baligar, V.C.; Korcak . R.F.; Shen, T. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. 1990. v. 13 (9). p. 1155-1166. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 0K867. J67) . 167 (PLANT DISEASES - PHYSIOLOGICAL) 1255 1261 Calcium: Effects on apple and pear disorders Control of superficial scald on d'Anjou' pears and fruit quality. by ethoxyquin. PWHAA . Raese, T. Wenatchee, Wash. : The PWHAA. Chen, P.M. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. Horticultural Association. 1989. (85th). p. 247-256. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 212-218. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273) . 1256 1262 The calcium problem: is there a simple answer?. NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. : Controlling apple storage scald. The Association. New England fruit meetings ... MUCBA. Dewey, D.H. East Lansing, Mich. : The Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Extension Service, Michigan State University. Meeting held on February 1-2, 1989, Sturbridge, May 1986. (1015). 2 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Massachusetts. Feb 1989. v. 95. p. 113-119. 275.29 M58B). (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) . 1263 1257 Corking of 'Delicious' apples (Ma1us domestica The calicum problem: Is there a simple answer?. Borkh.) on four rootstocks as affected by ARHMA. Bramlage, W.J. East Lansing, Mich. : The calcium and boron supplied through trickle - Society. Annual report Michigan State i rrigation. Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. 190-196. JPNUDS. Smith, C.B. Morrow, C.T.; Greene, G.M. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) . II. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. Paper presented at the "Tenth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium", August 4-9, 1986, Beltsville, Maryland. 1987. 1258 V. 10 (9/16). p. 1917-1924. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QK867.J67). A calmodulin and calcium-related physiological disorder (bitter pit) of apples. Fukumoto, M. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press, 1985. Calmodulin antagonists and cellular 1264 physiology / edited by Hiroyoshi Hidaka, David J. Hartshorne. p. 469-479. Includes references. Cysteine as an inhibitor of enzymatic browning. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QP552 . C28C35 ) . 1. Isolation and characterization of addition compounds formed during oxidation of phenol ics by apple polyphenol oxidase. JAFCAU. Richard. F.C. Goupy , P.M.; Nicolas, 1259 J.J.; Lacombe, J.M.; Pavia, A. A. Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society. The oxidation Chlorosis of 'Anjou' pear trees reduced with of different phenols 4-methyl catechol (MC), ) foliar sprays of iron compounds. chlorogenic acid (CG), ( - -ep i catech i n (EC), JPNUDS. Raese, J.T. Staiff, D.C. New York, N.Y. and (+)-catechin CA ) , catalyzed by apple : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. polyphenol oxidase (PPG), was investigated in Paper presented at the "Fourth International the presence of an excess of cysteine. The Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in occurrence of one cysteine addition compound Plants," July 6-9, 1987, University of New with the two former phenols and two cysteine Mexico, Albuquerque. June/Nov 1988. v. 11 addition products with the latter phenols was (6/11). p. 1379-1385. Includes references. (NAL demonstrated by HPLC. In all cases, the Call No.: DNAL 0K867.J67). formation of addition compound(s) was proportional to the degradation of the phenol. After purification by gel filtration on Trisacryl GF05, the structure of each cysteine 1260 conjugate was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. After additional 1H homonuclear Compendium of apple and pear diseases /edited decoupling and 2D homonuclear COSY experiments, by A.L. Jones, H.S. Aldwinckle. it was shown unequivocally that adduct with MC 5 S - 4 Aldwinckle, H. S.; Jones, A. L. St. Paul, Minn. was - -cyste i ny 1 3 , -d i hydroxy to 1 uene . With : APS Press, c1990. vi, 100 p., 22 p. of CG, the structure was 2-S-cystei nyl chl erogenic plates : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm. Includes acid. With catechins, the cysteine was attached bibliographical references and index. (NAL Call on the B ring for the two conjugates. The No.: DNAL SB608 . A6C65 ) . 2'-position was involved in the first addition compound, whereas it was the 5' -position in the second one. Moreover, the study of UV spectra of the purified compounds allowed the conclusion that the two conjugates of each 168 . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - PHYSIOLOGICAL) catechin were formed at the same rate in and a DPA dip. Ethylene scrubbing had no effect equivalent amounts. Journal of agricultural and on scald in fruit held in 0.7% or 1.5% 02. food chemistry. May 1991. v. 39 (5). p. Susceptibility of fruit to scald and flesh 841-847. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: browning exhibited seasonal variation, which DNAL 381 J8223) was related to the differences in fruit maturity and the amount of watercore at harvest, respectively. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1990. v. 1265 115 (6). p. 959-961. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . Effect of early season foliar sprays of GA4+7 on russet ing and return bloom of 'Golden Del icious' apple. HdHSA. Meador, D.B. Taylor, 8.H. Alexandria, 1270 Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. dune 1987. v. 22 (3). p. Improved performance of bearing 'Delicious' 412-415. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: apple trees with nitrogen and phosphate DNAL SB1 .H6) fertilization in a 1ow-phosphorus soil. JOSHB. Raese, J.T. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1986. v. Ill (5). 1266 p. 665-669. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Effect of Fe level and solution culture pH on severity of chlorosis and elemental content of apple seedl ings. JPNUDS. Ji, 2.H. Korcak, R.F.; Faust, M. New 1271 York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. 1985. v. 8 (4). p. 345-355. ill. Increasing the calcium content of apple fruits Includes 18 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL to improve storability and attenuate 0K867. J67) physiological disorders. ARHMA. Dilley, D.R. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 1267 195-207. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58) Effect of micronutrients, phosphorous and chelator to iron ratio on growth, chlorosis and nutrition of apple seedlings. JPNUDS. Tong, Y.A. Fan, F.; Korcak, R.F.; 1272 Chaney, R.L.; Faust, M. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. 1986. v. 9 The influence of calcium on senescence changes (1). p. 23-41. ill. Includes references. (NAL and physiological disorders in apples. Call No.: DNAL QK867.J67). NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. 1268 v. 93. p. 80-85. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). Effect of seasonal soil waterlogging on vegetative growth and fruiting of apple trees. JOSHB. Qlien, W.C. Alexandria, Va. : The 1273 Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Mar 1987. v. 112 (3). p. Influence of fungicides on scarf skin on Gallia 209-214. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Beauty. No. : DNAL 81 S012) . OARCB. Ferree, D.C. Ellis, M.A. Wooster, Ohio : The Center. Research circular - Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. July 1986. (290). p. 14-16. Includes 1269 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3R). Efficacy of diphenyl amine, ultra-low oxygen, and ethylene scrubbing on scald control in 'Delicious' apples. 1274 JOSHB. Lau, O.L. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Incidence of scald in nontreated and DPA (2000 Influence of growth regulators on scarf skin of mg . 1 i ter- 1 )- treated 'Delicious' apples (Malus Rome Beauty apples. domestica Borkh.) was assessed after 8.5 months OARCB. Ferree, D.C. Schmid, J.C. Wooster, Ohio - in 1.5% or 0.7% 02 plus 1.5% C02 at 0.2C, with : The Center. Research circular Ohio and without C2H4 scrubbing. Incidence of scald Agricultural Research and Development Center. was high in non-DPA fruit held in 1.5% 02, and July 1986. (290). p. 9-13. Includes references. DPA treatment reduced scald in fruit held in (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3R). 1.5% or 0.7% 02. Scald control was better with 0.7% 02 and no DPA treatment than with 1.5% 02 169 . . . . (PLANT DISEASES - PHYSIOLOGICAL) 1275 1278 Managing bitter pit. Nondestructive detection of core breakdown In WEFGA. Tvergyak, P.J. Willoughby, Ohio : 'Bartlett' pears with nuclear magnetic Meister Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. May resonance 1 mag 1 ng 1988. V. 108 (5). p. 20-21. ill. (NAL Call No.: HJHSA. Wang, C.Y. Wang, P.C. Alexandria, Va DNAL 80 G85W) . American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Feb 1989. v. 24 (1). p. 106-109. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.; DNAL SB1 .H6) 1276 Metabolic changes in iron-deficient apple seedl ings. 1279 JPNUDS. Sun, X.P. Wang. S.Y.; Tong. Y.A.; Korcak, R.F.; Faust, M. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Observations on the relationships among seed Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. Paper number, fruit calcium, and senescent breakdown presented at the "Tenth International Plant in apples. Nutrition Colloquium," August 4-9. 1986. HJHSA. Bramlage, W.J. Weis, S.A.; Greene, D.W. Beltsville, Maryland. 1987. v. 10 (9116). p. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for 1021-1030. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Horticultural Science. HortScience. Mar 1990. No. : DNAL 0K867. J67) . V. 25 (3). p. 351-353. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) 1277 1280 Mineral analysis from corkspotted and normal 'Anjou' pear fruit. Panel --frost control survey results. JOSHB. Curtis, D. Righetti, T.L.; Mielke, E.; PWHAA. Evans. R. Peterson, B.; Graves, B. Facteau, T. Alexandria. Va. : The Society. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings Relationships between mineral content and - Washington State Horticultural Association. corkspot in 'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis) were 1985. (81st). p. 203-216. (NAL Call No.: DNAL evaluated in 1985 and 1986. Although there were 81 W273). no significant relationships between mean preharvest fruit mineral content and corkspot incidence, the postharvest mineral concentrations of corkspotted and normal fruit 1281 were markedly different. Corkspotted and normal pear fruit had different and N : Ca ratios Permeability characteristics of isolated Golden in all types of subsample oeels. opposing Delicious' apple fruit cuticles with regard to tangential slices with p& , opposing calcium. tangential slices without peels, cortical JOSHB. Chamel , A.R. Alexandria, Va. : The tissue plugs from the area next to the core, Society. The penetration of Ca through apple cortical tissue plugs from the area just inside (Malus domestica Borkh) fruit cuticles was of the peel, and the cores including seed), investigated using isolated cuticles. based on either dry or fresh weight. The Permeability coefficients (P) and diffusion dry-weight basis also revealed differences in coefficients (D) were determined from f Mg concentrations in both years and in B and K se 1 -d i f f us i on measurements (0.1 mM CaC12) in concentrations in 1986. Peel concentrations permeability apparatus. It was demonstrated correlated with other tissues and were the that the apple fruit cuticles carry fixed easiest subsample to process. Corkspot was charges with an isoelectric point of 2.1 and absent in either year, with a peel N : Ca ratio that Ca can penetrate into fruit directly below 6.3. A computer model used mean Ca across the fruit cuticle. Intraspeci f ic concentrations and standard deviations to variably was high, which is typical of estimate the percentage of pears in each cuticular permeability (P = 1.852 x 10(-6) orchard that were less than a given threshold cm.s-1, SD = 1.29; D = 13.830 x 10(-11) level. When the overall average percentage of cm2.s-1, SD = 7.72, at pH 8). The permeability arbitrarily defined low-Ca pears was small (< coefficient increased with increasing pH; this 10%), it was difficult to predict the actual result was confirmed with isolated tomato fruit number of low-Ca pears from mean Ca cuticles that revaled a lower permeability (P = concentrations. Therefore, it may not be 0.253 X 10(-6) cm.s -1; SD =0.12; D = 3.502 x realistic to expect strong correlations between 10(-11) cm 2.S-1. SD = 1.12, at pH 8). The mean Ca concentration and the incidence of permeability increased to a value about four disorders commonly encountered in Hood River. times greater after the extraction of soluble Ore. This situation occurred even when Ca cuticular lipids. There appears to be a direct concentrations of disordered and normal pears relationship between cuticular sorption and clearly differed. Journal of the American penetration. Journal of the American Society Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1990. v. for Horticultural Science. Sept 1989. v. 114 115 (6). p. 969-974. ill. Includes references. (5). p. 804-809. ill. Includes references. (NAL (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . 170 . . . (PLANT DISEASES - PHYSIOLOGICAL) 1282 1288 Physiological disorders and maladies of pear Senescent breakdown of 'Jonathan' apples in f ru i t relation to the water-soluble calcium content Raese, J.T. Portland, Or. : Timber Press. of the fruit pulp before and after storage. Horticultural reviews. Literature review. 1989. JOSHB. Saks. Y. Sonego, L.; Ben-Arie, R. V. 11. p. 357-411. ill. Includes references. Alexandria, Va. The Society. In 'Jonathan' (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB317.5.H6). apples grown in Israel, the incidence of senescent breakdown after 5 months of storage at OC was not correlated with total or water-soluble Ca content at harvest. Likewise, 1283 no other assayed component of the water-soluble or total mineral content (P, Mg, K) of the Physiology and control of superficial scald of fruit pulp at harvest correlated with the apples: a review. disorder after storage. After storage, a HJHSA. Ingle, M. D'Souza, M.C. Alexandria, Va. general decrease in the solubility of Ca was : American Society for Horticultural Science. observed. However, this decrease was not HortScience. Literature review. Feb 1989. v. 24 uniform in all fruit and, as a result, the (1). p. 28-31. ill. Includes references. (NAL correlation between water-soluble and total Ca Cal 1 No. : DNAL SB1 .H6) content, which was high at harvest, diminished after storage. Water-extractabl e Ca from stored fruit was negatively correlated and water-soluble K/Ca was positively correlated 1284 with the incidence of senescent breakdown, whereas total Ca was not correlated. Journal of Post-harvest disorder control. the American Society for Horticultural Science. MUCBA. Jones, A.L. Burton, C.L. East Lansing, July 1990. V. 115 (4). p. 615-618. Includes - Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University. Dec 1986. (E-154). p. 78-79. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B). 1289 Sorbitol metabolism, the climacteric, and 1285 watercore in apples. JOSHB. Marlow, G.C. Loescher, W.H. Alexandria, Postharvest handling systems: temperate fruits. Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Mitchell, F.G. Berkeley, Calif. : Coop Ext, Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1985. Univ of California, Div of Agric and Natural V. 110 (5). p. 676-680. Includes references. Resources, 1985. Postharvest technology of (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). horticultural crops / Adel A. Kadar et al . . p. 143-148. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL SB3 1 9 . 7 . P67 ) 1290 Studies of the nature and control of york spot, 1286 a physiological disorder of the York Imperial apple / by Donald Bruce Williams. -. Preharvest ethephon sprays reduce superficial Williams, Donald Bruce, 1934-. 1962. Thesis ) - scald of 'Granny Smith' apples. ( Ph . D . -Pennsy 1 van i a State University, 1962. HJHSA. Lurie, S. Meir, S.; Arie, R.B. Photocopy. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Microfilms International, 1979. (viii), 178 Horticultural Science. HortScience. Feb 1989. leaves ; 20 cm. Bibliography: leaves (155)-161. V. 24 (1). p. 104-106. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DISS 63-3,099). (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) . 1291 1287 Time of application of calcium sprays to Reduction of bitter pit of apples with phorone. increase fruit calcium and reduce fruit pitting HJHSA. Scott, K.J. Wills, R.B.H.; Yuen, C.M.C. of apples sprayed with TIBA. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for HJHSA. Stahly, E.A. Alexandria, Va . American Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1986. Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. V. 21 (2). p. 268-270. Includes references. Feb 1986. v. 21 (1, section 1). p. 95-96. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1 .H6) . 171 (PLANT DISEASES - PHYSIOLOGICAL) 1292 Trunk injection of Iron compounds as a treatment for overcoming iron chlorosis in apple trees. HJHSA. Barney, D.L. Walser, R.H.; Davis, T.D.; Williams, C.F. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1985. V. 20 (2). p. 236-238. Includes 16 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 1293 Understanding watercore. Loescher , W. Kupferman, E. Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University Cooperative Extension. Postharvest pomology newsletter. Nov 1985. V. 3 (4). p. 3-13. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP440.P67). 172 . . . . MISCELLANEOUS PLANT DISORDERS 1294 1297 Apple thinning by photosynthetic inhibition. Don't let granny get a sunburn. JOSHB. Byers, R.E. Barden, J. A.; Polomski, WEFQA. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister R.F.; Young, R.W.; Carbaugh, D.H. Alexandria, Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Jan 1988. v. 108 Va. : The Society. Shading (92%) of 'Redchief (1). p. 24F-24G. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees G85W) . for 10-day periods from 10 to 20, 15 to 25, 20 to 30, and 25 to 35 days after full bloom (DAFB) caused greater fruit abscission than shading from 5 to 15, 30 to 40, 35 to 45, or 47 1298 to 57 DAFB. Fruit 8 to 33 mm in diameter (10 to 30 DAFB) were very sensitive to 10 days of Effect of chlorpyrifos SOW on fruit finish and shade, even though fruit sizes of 6 to 12 mm packout of 'Golden Delicious'. are considered the most sensitive to chemical Hogmire, H.W. Crim, V.L.; Annan, R.O. Clemson, thinners. In a second test, shading for 3 days S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society. caused fruit thinning; 5 days of shade in the Journal of agricultural entomology. July 1988. periods 18 to 23, 23 to 28, and 28 to 33 DAFB V. 5 (3). p. 209-214. Includes references. (NAL caused greater thinning than 11 to 16 or 33 to Call No.: DNAL SB599.J69). 38 DAFB. Shading reduced photosynthesis (Pn) to about one-third that of noncovered trees. Terbacil (50 mg(liter-l) + X-77 surfactant (1250 mg.liter-1) applied with a handpump 1299 sprayer 5, 10, or 15 DAFB greatly reduced fruit set and caused some leaf yellowing, Effect of HOE 39866 during growing season on particularly in the earliest treatments. apple tree growth. Terbacil reduced Pn by more than 90% at 72 PNWSB. Young, R.S. Beltsville, Md. : The hours after application. Shoot growth of trees Society. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting defruited by shade or terbacil was equivalent - Northeastern Weed Science Society. 1986. v. to defruited or deblossomed trees; ethephon 40. p. 199-202. Includes references. (NAL Call (1500 mg(liter-l) inhibited tree growth and No. : DNAL 79.9 N814) . defruited trees. No terbacil residues were dectected in fruit at harvest from applications made 5, 15, 20, 25, or 30 DAFB. Eleven of 12 photosynthes i s- i nh i b i t i ng herbicides were also 1300 found to thin 'Redchief Delicious' apple trees. Shading caused more thinning than terbacil at Evaluation of four soil amendments in the later applications, which may reflect ameliorating toxic conditions in three orchard poorer absorption and/or lesser photosynthetic subsoi 1 s inhibition than when terbacil was applied to AAREEZ. Baugher, T.A. Singh, R.N. New York, older leaves. Journal of the American Society N.Y. : Springer. Rock phosphate was compared to for Horticultural Science. Jan 1990. v. 115 agricultural limestone, superphosphate, and (1). p. 14-19. Includes references. (NAL Call lime plus superphosphate for controlling Al and No. : DNAL 81 S012) Mn toxicities in orchard soils. Acid soils were selected from orchards where fruit tree growth was unfavorable, and "Delicious" apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were planted in both 1295 pot cultures and field plots. Rock phosphate was effectively acidulated in Hagerstown silt An artificial apple bud for frost temperature loam (pH 5.0-5.5). Berks channery silt loam (pH sens i ng 3.5-4.0), and Lehew channery fine sandy loam TAAEA. Heinemann, P.H. Morrow, C.T. St. Joseph, (pH 4.0-4.5). Soil pH was increased, soil and - Mich. : The Society. Transactions of the ASAE plant levels of Ca, Mg and P were increased and American Society of Agricultural Engineers. soil and plant levels of Al and Mn were Sept/Oct 1986. v. 29 (5). p. 1338-1341. ill. decreased to nontoxic levels. Root and shoot Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 290.9 growth were enhanced, and the incidence and AM32T) severity of internal bark necrosis (IBN) were decreased. Rock phosphate was less effective than lime or lime plus phosphate in increasing pH and decreasing Mn and Al . Exchangeable Al 1296 and available Mn in rock phosphate-treated soils were well below the toxic range, however, Differential tolerance of woody nursery crop and levels of essential nutrients were optimal. seedlings to napropamide. Eight years following field application of WETEE9. Crabtree, S. Crabtree, G. Champaign, amendments, rock phosphate continued to affect 111. : The Society. Weed technology : a journal soil Ca and P levels, and some lime plus of the Weed Science Society of America. Oct/Dec phosphate treatments persisted in affecting 1989. V. 3 (4). p. 584-589. ill. Includes soil pH and soil Mn. Lime or phosphate alone references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB610.W39). were not persistent. Applied agricultural research. Spring 1989. v. 4 (2). p. 111-117. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S539.5.A77) . 173 . . (MISCELLANEOUS PLANT DISORDERS) 1301 mortality than the distilled water check. Field applications of the same materials by airblast Fine structure of apple leaves treated with the sprayer and high-pressure handgun caused less sterol -inhibi ting fungicide bitertanol. mortality of overwintering eggs than in the HJHSA. Overton, S.V. Moore, L.D.; Miller, O.K. laboratory study. Summer applications of these Alexandria, Va. : American Society for materials were tested for their ability to Horticultural Science. Ul trastructural suppress mite and aphid populations throughout observations were made of leaves of apple the growing season. Applications of all (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Delicious) 12. materials provided significant control of 24, and 72 hours following a single foliar populations of P. ulmi, rosy apple aphid, application of the sterol - i nh i b i t i ng fungicide Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), and a green bitertanol. Thylakoids of chloroplasts from aphid complex made up of the apple aphid. Aphis treated leaves were swollen and irregular and pomi De Geer , and the spirea aphid. Aphis chloroplasts had lost their integrity within 12 spiraecola Patch. Spray volume, coverage, and hours after treatment. Occasionally, rate of material applied were related to mite mitochondria looked washed out, although no and insect control and plant phy totox i c i ty ; the other changes in membrane or organelle greater the volume, coverage, and rates used, structures were observed. Within 24 to 72 the greater the control and phy totox i c i ty hours, moreover, thylakoids of chloroplasts obtained. Volck Supreme oil, particularly at from treated leaves returned to a state similar the high rate, caused more damage to fruit and to that of the controls. However, the numbers foliage than did any of the other treatments. of starch granules in the chloroplasts of Sunspray 6E and Sunspray 6E+ appear to be treated leaves appeared to increase throughout equally safe to fruit and foliage based on the 72 hours and remained somewhat higher than phy totox i c i ty ratings taken throughout the levels in controls. Thus, bitertanol does not growing season. Journal of economic entomology. appear to have a lasting effect on apple Oct 1991. V. 84 (5). p. 1550-1557. Includes leaves. HortScience. Feb 1991. v. 26 (2). p. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 173-175. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) 1305 1302 Mechanical harvestabi 1 i ty of Y-shaped and pyramid-shaped 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple FROSTPRO, a model of overhead irrigation rates trees for frost/freeze protection of apple orchards. JOSHB. Robinson, T.L. Millier, W.F.; Throop, HJHSA. Perry, K.B. Alexandria, Va. : American J. A.; Carpenter, S.G.; Lakso, A.N. Alexandria, Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience Va. : The Society. Mature 'Empire.' and Aug 1986. v. 21 (4). p. 1060-1061. Includes 'Redchief Delicious' apple trees (Malus references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). domestica Borkh.) trained to a Y-shaped trellis (Y/M.26) or trained as pyramid-shaped central leaders (CL/M.7) were mechanically harvested with the Cornell trunk reco i 1 - i mpact shaker 1303 during 4 years. With 'Empire', fruit removal from the Y/M.26 trees (85% to 90%) was Glyphosate applications to the baric of nine significantly less than from the CL/M.7 trees tree species. (95% to 97%). With 'Delicious' there were no PNWSB. Kuhns, L.J. College Park, Md. : The differences in fruit removal (90% to 95%) Society. Proceedings of the annual meeting - between the two tree forms in any year. When Northeastern Weed Science Society. Meeting held the catching pad was on the ground, fruit grade January 6-9, 1992, Boston, Massachusetts. 1992. based on damage was only slightly better for V. 46. p. 23-26. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 79.9 the Y/M.26 trees than for the CL/M.7 trees. N814) . When the catching pad was raised up near the Y/M.26 canopy, fruit grade was significantly improved for the Y/M.26 trees and was better than the CL/M.7 trees. Fruit grade for both 1304 cultlvars ranged from 83% to 94% Extra Fancy with 5% to 16% culls for the Y/M.26 trees and Managemertt of European red mite (Acari: from 74% to 88% Extra Fancy and 11% to 21% Tetranychidae) and several aphid species on culls for the CL/M.7 trees. Skin punctures, apple with petroleum oils and an insect icidal skin breaks, and number of large and small soap. bruises were lower and the percentage of JEENAI. Lawson, D.S. Weires, R.W. Lanham, Md. nondamaged fruit was higher with the Y/M.26 Entomological Society of America. Three trees when the pads were close to the canopy petroleum oils and one Insecticidal soap were than when the pads were on the ground. The evaluated in laboratory tests at different CL/M.7 trees had higher levels of all types of rates for ovicidal efficacy against fruit damage than did the Y/M.26 trees. Damaged overwintering Panonychus ulmi (Koch) eggs. fruit from the CL/M.7 trees was mainly from the Sunspray 6E and Volck Supreme oils caused the top half of the tree, while fruit from greatest mortality of all materials tested. lower-tier scaffold branches had low levels of Sunspray 6E+ caused less mortality than did the damage. Mechanically harvested fruit from the Sunspray 6E and Volck Supreme but greater Y/M.26 trees had lower incidences of fruit rot mortality than Safer Insecticidal Soap and flesh breakdown after a 6-month storage Concentrate, which caused only slightly greater period than did fruit from the CL/M.7 trees. 174 . . . . (MISCELLANEOUS PLANT DISORDERS) stem pulling was high with both systems and masses were not affected by soil type or P averaged 60% for 'Delicious' and 30% for treatments. In the Ouincy sand, new scion mass 'Empire'. The advantage of the single plane and root mass were inversely related to P rate Y-trellis system for mechanical harvesting in both MAP- and TSP-amended soil; tree death appears to be that the catching pads can be occurred at P rates above 1.65 kg/m3 . In the placed close to the fruit, thereby reducing Cow i Che soil, root mass was independent of and fruit damage. Journal of the American Society new scion mass was inversely related to P rate. for Horticultural Science. May 1990. v. 115 At equivalent P rates, TSP produced lower soil (3). p. 368-374. Includes references. (NAL Call salinity and greater soil acidity than MAP. For No. : DNAL 81 S012) . a given P source, soil salinity and acidity were positively related to P rate. Soil salinity decreased and soil pH increased over time. Relative new scion mass was inversely 1306 related to t i me- i ntegrated soil salinity; 1 however, the relationships were so i -spec i f i c Minimize problems with practical approaches. Total exchangeable soil acidity was positively 1 WEFGA. Cow1e, V. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister related to P rate and was so i -dependent Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Feb 1986. v. 106 Exchangeable soil Al was detected only at the (2). p. 49-51. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). two highest TSP rates in the Quincy soil. Indirect evidence suggested that Mn, NH3, and N02 phy totox i c i t 1 es and any nutrient deficiencies were absent. The results suggest 1307 that transient soil salinization is the primary mechanism for MAP- and TSP- induced apple tree Occurrence and nature of ice nuci eat ion-active phytotox i c 1 ty . Soil Science Society of America strains of Pseudomonas syringae on apple and journal. Nov/Dec 1990. v. 54 (6). p. 1778-1783. peach trees in Georgia. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 56.9 PLDIDE. Olive, J.W. McCarter, S.M. St. Paul, S03) . Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Oct 1988. v. 72 (10). p. 837-843. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) 1311 Reduction in transpiration and return bloom in apple by two sterol -inhibiting fungicides. 1308 H JHSA . Biggs, A.R. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. An overview of replant problems. Nov 1990. V. 25 (11). p. 1403-1405. Includes PWHAA. Stevens, R.G. Wenatchee, Wash. : The references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 132-142. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 1312 The relationship of internal bark necrosis in 1309 'Delicious' apples to tree characteristics and soil properties. Panel --frost control survey results. CSGSA2. Hoyt, P.B. New York, N.Y. : Marcel PWHAA. Evans, R. Peterson, B.; Graves, B. Dekker . Communications in soil science and Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings plant analysis. May/Sept 1988. v. 19 (7/12). p. - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1041-1048. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1985. (aist). p. 203-216. (NAL Call No.: DNAL DNAL S590.C63). 81 W273). 1313 1310 Replanting old orchard soi1s--a panel. Phosphate-f ertil izer- i nduced salt toxicity of PWHAA. Tvergyak, P. Stevens, B.; Slykhuis, J.; newly planted apple trees. Smith, T.; Ley, T.; Barritt, B.H. Wenatchee, - SSSJD4. Peryea, F.J. Madison, Wis. : The Wash. : The Association. Proceedings Society. Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) or triple Washington State Horticultural Association. superphosphate (TSP) added to planting holes 1985. (81st). p. 131-169. ill. (NAL Call No.: often stimulates early growth of apple trees DNAL 81 W273) (Malus domestica Borkh.); however, high rates may stunt or kill trees. A greenhouse study was conducted on a Ouincy sand (a mixed, mesic Xeric Torr i psamment ) and a Cowiche silt loam (a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aridic Argixeroll) to examine effects of soil type, P source (MAP or TSP), and P rate (0-2.75 kg P/m3) on soil salinity, soil acidity, and apple tree growth in nonleaching soil systems during a 56-d period after planting. Rootstock and old scion 175 . . . (MISCELLANEOUS PLANT DISORDERS) 1314 1317 Some soil quality factors in relation to Study of impact and compression damage on Asian rep 1 ant pears PWHAA. Smith. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Chen, P. , T.J. Ruiz, M.; Lu , F.; Kader A. A. St. Association. Proceedings - Washington State Joseph, Mich. The Society. American Society Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche 146-151. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). collection). Paper presented at the 1986 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1315 Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at Stability of selected pesticide formulations (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. and combinations in aqueous media. 1986. (fiche no. 86-3025). 20 p. ill. Includes JAFCAU. Atwood, S.T. Sheets, T.J.; Sutton, references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). T.B.; Leidy, R.B. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. Mar/Apr 1987. v. 35 (2). p. 169-172. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1318 DNAL 381 J8223). Undertree sprinkling for low temperature modification in apple orchards. Davies, D.L. Evans, R.G.; Campbell, G.S.; 1316 Kroeger, M.W. St. Joseph, Mich. The Society. American Society of Agricultural Engineers 'Stayman' fruit cracking as affected by (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the surfactants, plant growth regulators, and other 1987 Winter Meeting of the American Society of chemicals. Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase JOSHB. Byers. R.E. Carbaugh, D.H.; Presley, from: The American Society of Agricultural C.N. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Submerging Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. 'Stayman' apples in nonionic and anionic Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order surf actant -water solutions caused increased Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and water uptake and fruit cracking. The primary prices. 1987. (fiche no. 87-2558). 26 p. ill. sites of water uptake were lenticels and Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE injured areas of the fruit cuticle. Fruit S-72) . cracking caused by submerging fruit in 1.25 ml X-77/liter surfactant was used to predict the natural cracking potential of 'Stayman' strains and apple cultivars in the field. Submerging 1319 apples in aqueous pesticide mixtures did not increase fruit cracking or water uptake. Fruit Use of greenhouse seedling bioassays to predict cracking and uptake of surf actant -water were first year growth of apple trees planted in old not correlated between apple cultivars. In a orchard soi 1 surf actant -water bath, 'Starkrimson Delicious' HJHSA. Nielsen, G.H. Beulah, J.; Hogue, E.J.; absorbed more water than 'Stayman', 'York', Utkhede, R.S. Alexandria, Va. American 'Jonathan', and 'Golden Delicious'; no Society for Horticultural Science. Apple 'Starkrimson Delicious' fruits cracked, but 32% seedling height after 7 weeks of growth in to 80% of the other cultivars did. In field greenhouse pots was compared with total first tests, four airblast spray applications of year shoot growth of 'Mcintosh' or 'Delicious' GA(4+7), in July and Aug. 1987 reduced fruit apple trees Malus domestica (Borkh.) on M.26 cracking from 56% to 21%, and five applications rootstock for eight orchards and five soil in July, Aug., and Sept. 1988 reduced fruit treatments. The apple trees were replanted in cracking from 93% to 75%. In 1987, daminozide old orchard sites with the same treatments reduced cracking, but, in 1988, neither applied in the planting hole as were tested in daminozide, NAA, nor Vapor Gard alone reduced the greenhouse. The pot test successfully cracking. However, in 1988, a combination predicted treatments that increased first year treatment of GA(4+7), daminozide, NAA, and shoot growth in 23 of 30 opportunities. Vapor Gard reduced fruit cracking from 93% to However, a less precise relationship (R2 = 22%. Also, two scorings of the trunk with a 0.38) existed between total first year shoot carpet knife reduced fruit cracking 22%. growth (Y) of 'Summerland Red Mcintosh' on M.26 Journal of the American Society for rootstock and seedling height (X). HortScience. Horticultural Science. May 1990. v. 115 (3). p. Nov 1991. V. 26 (11). p. 1383-1386. Includes 405-411. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). DNAL 81 S012). 176 PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 1320 1324 Analysis of impacts recorded with an Biocontrol of postharvest diseases of apples instrumented sphere. with antagonist mixtures. Klug, B.A. Tennes, B.R.; Zapp, H.R. St. Joseph, PHYTAJ. Janisiewicz, W.J. St. Paul, Minn. : Mich. : The Society. American Society of American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Phytopathology. Feb 1988. v. 78 (2). p. Paper presented at the 1987 Winter Meeting of 194-198. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. DNAL 464.8 P56). Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for 1325 information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. 87-3514). 18 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Biological control of blue mold and gray mold Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). on apple and pear with Pseudomonas cepacia. PHYTAJ. Janisiewicz, W.J. Roitman, J. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Control of gray mold, caused by Botrytis 1321 cinerea, and reduction in blue mold, caused by Penici Ilium expansum, was obtained on Golden Apple impact bruise prediction models. Delicious apples and Bosc pears protected with Siyami, S. Brown, G.K.; Burgess, G.J.; Gerrish, Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from apple leaves. J.B.; Tennes. B.R.; Burton, C.L.; Zapp, H.R. The bacterium strongly inhibited fungal growth St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American during in vitro screening on nutrient yeast Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche dextrose agar medium. An effective antifungal collection). Paper presented at the 1987 Summer compound was isolated from the bacterial cells Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural and culture medium. This compound, identified Engineers. Available for purchase from: The as a pyrrol ni tr i n , inhibited growth of both American Society of Agricultural Engineers, fungi at a concentration of 1 mg/L during an Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, agar diffusion test in vitro. Complete control Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at of gray mold was obtained on apples and pears (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. protected with a pyrrolnitrin concentration of 1987. (fiche no. 87-6019). 22 p. Includes 10 mg/L at a pathogen inoculum level of references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). 10(3)-10(5) conidia/ml . Blue mold was controlled at the same concentration of pyrrolnitrin at inoculum concentrations of 10(3) conidia/ml for pears and 10(3) and 10(4) 1322 conidia/ml for apples. At concentrations of 50 mg/L or higher, complete control was obtained Apple packing line damage assessment. of both diseases on both fruits at all tested Brown, G.K. Burton, C.L.; Sargent, S.A.; inoculum levels. Phytopathology. Dec 1988. v. 78' Schulte Pason, N.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : The ( 12,pt.2) . p. 1697-1700. ill. Includes Society. American Society of Agricultural references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the 1987 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American 1326 Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Biological control of postharvest diseases of Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for fruit: inhibition of Botrytis rot on apple by information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. an antagonistic yeast. 87-6515). 19 p. Includes references. (NAL Call EMSPA. Wisniewski, M. Wilson, C; Chalutz, E . ; No. : DNAL FICHE S-72) . Hershberger, W. San Francisco, Calif. : San Francisco Press, Inc. Proceedings ... annual meeting. Electron Microscopy Society of America. 1988. (46). p. 290-291. ill. Includes 1323 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QH201.E4). Avoid apple bruising. WEFGA. Aylsworth, J. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Publishing Company. Western fruit grower. This 1327 publication is not owned by the National Agricultural Library. Nov 1988. v. 108 (1). p. Bruising impact data acquisition and analysis 14, 16-17. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). in apple packing and handling systems utilizing the instrumented sphere (IS). Tennes, B.R. Zapp, H.R.; Marshall, D.E.; Armstrong, P.R. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 177 . . . . ) . . . (PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. 87-6517). 11 p. Includes references. (NAL Call Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for No. : DNAL FICHE S-72 ) . information and prices. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6032). 14 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). 1333 Damage reduction in mechanical 1328 appl e- harvest i ng Bennedsen, B.S. St. Joseph, Mich. The Bruising research with the instrumented sphere. Society. American Society of Agricultural NEMFA. Brown, G.K. North Amherst, Mass. : The Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper Association. New England fruit meetings ... presented at the 1986 Summer Meeting of the Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Available for purchase from: The American Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 119-126. Includes Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) information and prices. 1986. (fiche no. 86-1071). 13 p. in. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). 1329 Comparison of normal strains and shear stresses 1334 at fracture in uniaxial compression and in a hem i spheroid geometry. Development, persistence, survival, and TAAEA. Diehl, K.C. Ordonez, G.P.; Neo, T.H. St. strategies for control of Joseph, Mich. The Society. Transactions of thiabendazole-resistant strains of Penici Ilium the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural expansum on pome fruits. Engineers. May/June 1986. v. 29 (3). p. PHYTAJ. Prusky, D. Bazak , M.; Ben-Arie, R. St. 883-887. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological DNAL 290.9 AM32T). Society. Phytopathology. Aug 1985. v. 75 (8). p. 877-882. Includes 21 references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) . 1330 Control of Penici Ilium blue mold by post 1335 harvest dip treatments, 1984-85. FNETD. Yoder, K.S. Cochran A.E. II; Schmidt, Disorders in apple and pear shipments to the CM. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and New York Market, 1972-1984. - nematicide tests : results American PLDRA. Cappellini, R.A. Ceponis, M.J.; Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 1-2. Lightner, G.W. St. Paul, Minn. : American (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Sept 1987. V. 71 (9). p. 852-856. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P ) 1331 Controlling apple storage scald. 1336 MUCBA . Dewey, D.H. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Dynamics of benzimidazole-resistant penici 11 la Extension Service, Michigan State University. in the development of postharvest decays of May 1986. (1015). 2 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL citrus and pome fruits. 275.29 M58B) Eckert, J.W. St. Paul, Minn. : ARS Press, American Phytopathological Society. 1988. Fungicide resistance in North America / Charles J. Delp, editor, p. 31-35. ill. (NAL Call No.: 1332 DNAL SB951 . F88) Damage assessment for apple harvest and transport Sargent, S.A. Brown, G.K.; Burton, C.L.; Pason, 1337 N.L.S.; Timm, E.J.; Marshall, D.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society of Effect of imazalil on pathogenicity of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Penici Ilium spp. causing storage rots of pome Paper presented at the 1987 Winter Meeting of f rui ts the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. PLDIDE. Prusky, D. Ben-Arie, R. St. Paul, Minn. Available for purchase from: The American : American Phytopathological Society. Plant Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., disease. May 1985. v. 69 (5). p. 416-418. ill. 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for P69P) . information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. 178 . . . ) (PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 1338 1340 The effect of Impact bruising on apples and Effect of preharvest pear fruit maturity on subsequent decay development. decay resistance. Burton, C.L. Pason, N.L.S.; Brown, G.K.; Timm, PLDIDE. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American E.d. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Phytopathol ogi ca 1 Society. Plant disease. May Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche 1985. V. 69 (5). p. 388-390. Includes collection). Paper presented at the 1987 Winter references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, 1341 Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Effects of controlled atmosphere and calcium 1987. (fiche no. 87-6516). 15 p. Includes infiltration on decay of Delicious apples. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). PLDRA. Sams, C.E. Conway, W.S. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. Sept 1985. v. 69 (9). p. 747-750. Includes 24 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 1339 P69P) Effect of inoculum concentration and salt solutions on biological control of postharvest diseases of apple with Candida sp. 1342 PHYTA. McLaughlin, R.J. Wisniewski, M.E.; Wilson, C.L.; Chalutz, E. St. Paul, Minn. : Effects of fruit maturity, size, and mineral American Phytopathol og i cal Society. Two concentrations on predicting the storage life osmotolerant strains (87 and 101) of the yeast, of 'Mcintosh' apples. Candida sp., were tested for ability to reduce JOSHB. Marmo, C.A. Bramlage, W.J.; Weis, S.A. lesion development in Golden Delicious apple Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the after challenge with 10(5) or 10(4) conidia per American Society for Horticultural Science. milliliter of the postharvest pathogens July 1985. V. 110 (4). p. 499-502. Includes 15 Botrytis cinerea and Penici Ilium expansum. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Lesion size and frequency of Botrytis rot were significantly less in fruit pretreated with aqueous suspensions of strains 87 and 101 (10(7) and 10(8) colony-forming units cfu /ml) 1343 as compared with controls pretreated with water. Significant, but marginal, reduction of Effects of heat treatments on populations of Penici Ilium rot was observed in treatments with four fruit decay fungi in sodium ortho these yeasts at 10(8) cfu/ml . Biological phenyl phenate solutions. control of Botrytis rot was enhanced when PLDIDE. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul. wounds were treated with strain 87 at 10(7) Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. cfu/ml in 2% (w/v) aqueous solutions of CaC12, Plant disease. July 1985. v. 69 (7). p. KCl , and CAC03, as compared with aqueous 574-576. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: suspensions of the strain alone. Salt solutions DNAL 1 .9 P69P) applied to wounds without yeast cells did not reduce rot. The ability of the salt solutions to enhance control with yeasts was not related to the osmotic potential of the solutions. 1344 Calcium chloride was the most effective salt. Yeast strains differed slightly in their Effects of high temperatures on the survival response to calcium chloride; a 1% and pathogenicity of propagules of Mucor concentration enhanced biocontrol with strain piriformis. 87, whereas a 2% concentration was necessary to PHYTA. Michailides, T.J. Ogawa, J.M. St. Paul, enhance control with strain 101. Calcium Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. chloride facilitated control of Botrytis rot Survival of mycel la and sporang 1 ospores of with yeast populations as low as 10(6) cfu/ml. Mucor piriformis (California Isolate CA and Decay due to Penici Ilium expansum also was Chile isolate CH ) were compared at significantly reduced when fruit were treated temperatures of 35-60 C. The thermal death with strains 87 and 101 in the presence of points of the mycel la and sporangi ospores were calcium chloride. Phytopathology. May 1990. v. 46 and 55 C, respectively, for Isolate CA and 80 (5). p. 456-461. Includes references. (NAL 43 and 52 C, respectively, for isolate CH. Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). After a 2-day incubation at 27 C, both isolates exhibited yeast-like growth on agar medium. Sporang i ospore germination was erratic at 27 C and, when subsequently incubated at 21 C, germ tubes were abnormally swollen and produced no viable colonies. Reduction in viability was greater in wet than in dry sporangi ospores Preincubation of sporang i ospores in dry (-1,300 bars matric potential) or wet (-0.3 bar matric potential) soil at 27 or 33 C for 15 days followed by incubation at 21 C for 45 days 179 . . . ) (PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC. resulted in significantly lower viability in 1349 both isolates than in sporang i ospores incubated continuously at 21 C for 60 days at both water Evaluating fungicides for control of potentials. Preincubation of sporang i ospores at postharvest decay of pome fruits. 33 C for 15 days resulted in a faster decline Rosenberger, D.A. Spotts, R.A.; Conway, W.S.; in survival than preincubation at 27 C for 15 Yoder, K.S. St. Paul, Minn. : APS Press, c1986. days followed by 2 1 C for 45 more days. Pear Methods for evaluating pesticides for control fruits wound- i nocu 1 ated with M. piriformis and of plant pathogens / edited by Kenneth D. dipped in 47 C water for 30 min had 1-5% Hickey ; prepared jointly by the American infected wounds, whereas fruits inoculated in Phytopathological Society and the Society of the same way and dipped for 30 min in water at Nemato 1 og i sts . p. 88-91. Includes references. 21 C had 90% of the wounds infected. Results (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB960.M47 1986). from this study suggest that hot water treatment of fruit may reduce inoculum levels and postharvest infection. Phytopathology. May 1989. V. 79 (5). p. 547-554. ill. Includes 1350 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). Evaluation of disinfestant-f lotation salt-surfactant combinations on decay fungi of pear in a model dump tank. 1345 PHYTAJ. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. The effects of postharvest infiltration of Several d i s i nf estant - f 1 otat i on salt-surfactant calcium, magnesium, or strontium on decay, solutions were compared for effect on firmness, respiration, and ethylene production germination of spores of Mucor piriformis, in apples. Penici Ilium expansum, and Phialophora malorum JOSHB. Conway, W.S. Sams, C.E. Alexandria, Va and decay of pear caused by these fungi after : The Society. Journal of the American Society exposure to a 7-hr dynamic circulation and for Horticultural Science. Mar 1987. v. 112 spore addition phase, followed by a 16-hr (3). p. 300-303. Includes references. (NAL Call static phase in a model dump tank. In aqueous No. : DNAL 81 S012) . systems without soil added to the tank, chlorine at 64 m i crograms/m 1 inhibited germination from 90 to 100% in all salt solutions. Effectiveness of 4,000 micrograms 1346 sodium o-pheny 1 phenate (SOPP) per milliliter was highest in calcium and sodium lignin Effects of sequential low-oxygen and standard sulfonate and lowest in sodium silicate controlled atmosphere storage regimens on apple solution. SOPP was less inhibitory to qual i ty germination than chlorine during the first 1-3 JOSHB. Lidster, P.D. Lougheed, E.C.; McRae, hr of the dynamic phase. In flotation systems K.B. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of with 6.25 mg/ml of soil, chlorine in sodium the American Society for Horticultural Science. sulfate and SOPP in sodium lignin sulfonate Sept 1987. V. 112 (5). p. 787-793. Includes inhibited germination of spores and reduced references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). decay of fruit more than in sodium silicate. Inhibition of germination of the three fungi was greater at the end of the static phase than during the dynamic phase in several tests with 1347 10 combinations of d i s i nf estant -f 1 otat i on salt-surfactant. Phytopathology. Jan 1989. v. Effects of several postharvest fungicide 79 (1). p. 121-126. Includes references. (NAL treatments on the quality and ripeness of Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). cold-stored apples. JAFCAU. Cano, M.P. De la Plaza, J.L.; Munoz-Del gado , L. Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and 1351 food chemistry. Mar/Apr 1989. 37 (2). p. 330-333. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Evaluation of new postharvest fungicides for DNAL 381 J8223) . control of Penici Ilium blue mold in stored apples, 1983-85. FNETD. Rosenberger, D.A. Meyer, F.W. s.l. The Society. Fungicide and nematicide tests 1348 results - American Phytopathological Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 1. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 Efficacy of new benzimidazole fungicides AM31R) against sensitive and benomyl -resistant Botrytis cinerea. PHYTAJ. Chiba, M. Northover, J. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phy topatho 1 og i ca 1 Society. Phytopathology. May 1988. v. 78 (5). p. 613-618. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464 . 8 P56 ) . 180 . . . ) (PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 1352 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Factors affecting dispersal of Mucor piriformis in pear orchards and into the packinghouse. PLDRA. Michailides, T.J. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul. 1358 Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. Nov 1986. v. 70 (11). p. Influence of maturity, storage procedure, 1060-1063. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call temperature, and oxygen concentration on No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . quality and disorders of 'Mcintosh' apples. JOSHB. Lau, O.L. Yastremski, R.; Meheriuk, M. . Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Jan 1353 1987. V. 112 (1). p. 93-99. ill. Includes 18 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Factors affecting the progressive development of low-oxygen injury in apples. Lidster, P.O. Blanpied, G.D.; Lougheed, E.G. Raleigh, N.C. : Department of Horticultural 1359 Science, North Carolina State University, 1985 . Controlled atmospheres for storages and Inhibition of Penici Ilium expansum transport of perishable agricultural polygalacturonase activity by increased apple commodities : papers presented at the Fourth cell wall calcium. Natl Controlled Atmosphere Res Conf , July PHYTAJ. Conway, W.S. Gross, K.C; Boyer, CD.; 23-26, 1985, Raleigh, NC / edited by S.M. Sams, C.E. St. Paul, Minn. : American Blankenship. p. 57-69. Includes references. Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Phytopathology. Aug (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB319.77.N38 1985). 1988. V. 78 (8). p. 1052-1055. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). 1354 1360 Harvesting, storing, and handling processing apples. Inhibition of softening by polyamine Massey, L.M. Jr. New York : Van Nostrand application in 'Golden Delicious' and Reinhold, c1989. Processed apple products / 'Mcintosh' apples. edited by Donald L. Downing, p. 31-51. ill. JOSHB. Kramer, G.F. Wang, C.Y.; Conway, W.S. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Pressure TP441 . A6P76) infiltration of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Mcintosh 'apples (Malus domestica Borkh. ) with polyamines resulted in an immediate increase in firmness. 'Golden Delicious' apples were 2.7 N 1355 (0.25 mm spermidine) to 6.7 N (1.0 mm spermine) firmer, while 'Mcintosh' apples were 2.2 N IMP 1991 commercial apple: insect, disease, and (0.25 mm spermidine) to 5.3 N (1.0 mm spermine) weed control recommendations. firmer than the water-treated control. During Patterson, M.G. Everest. J.W. Auburn, Ala. 28 weeks of storage at OC , the differences The Service. Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative between the pol yami ne-treated and water-treated Extension Service. Auburn University. In apples were even larger. Similar results were subseries: Integrated Pest Management. Dec observed with a 3% Ca treatment, but the Ca 1990. (11). 11 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL treatment reduced the rate of softening to a S544.3.A2C47) greater extent than did the polyamine treatments in 'Golden Delicious'. Polyamines increased the endogenous levels of the polyamines infiltrated; however, the levels 1356 declined rapidly with time in storage. Both polyamine and Ca inhibited the development of Improving apple bagging equipment. chilling injury symptoms (brown core) in ARHMA. Marshall, D.E. Brown, G.K.; Wolthuis. 'Mcintosh'. The influence of polyamines on R.J. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual ethylene production was negligible in both report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. cultivars. The Ca treatment, however, inhibited 1990. (120th). p. 181-184. Includes references ethylene evolution in 'Golden Delicious'. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). Polyamines, thus, may affect apple softening through r gi di f i cat i of cell walls rather i on than through interactions with ethylene metabolism. Journal of the American Society for 1357 Horticultural Science. Sept 1991. v. 116 (5). p. 813-817. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Influence of fruit maturity and growing DNAL 81 S012). district on brown-core disorder in 'Bosc' pears HJHSA. Chen, P.M. Borgic. D.M.; Sugar, D.; Mellenthin, W.M. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1986. V. 21 (5). p. 1172-1173. Includes 181 . . . ) . e (PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 1361 1366 Integrated management of postharvest diseases A new chlorinated phenyl pyrrole antibiotic and disorders of apples, pears and cherries. produced by the antifungal bacterium M. Kupferman, Willett, G. ; Roberts, R.; Spotts, Pseudomonas cepacia. R.; Sugar, D.; Apel , G. ; Ewart, H.W.; Bryant, JAFCAU. Roitman, J.N. Mahoney, N.E.; B. Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University Janisiewicz, W.J.; Benson, M. Washington, D.C. Cooperative Extension. Postharvest pomology : American Chemical Society. A group of newsletter. Dec 1989. v. 7 (3). 16 p. (NAL Call chlorinated pheny 1 pyrrol e derivatives was No. : DNAL TP440.P67) isolated from a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia collected from apple leaves during a screening program designed to detect agents for biological control of fruit spoilage fungi. One 1362 of these substances, 2,3-dichloro-4-(2-amino-3-chlorophenyl)pyrrole, Latent damage in apples and peaches. has not been previously reported. In vitro Prussia, S.E. Hung, Y.C.; Shewfelt, R.L.; testing showed that all four of the Jordan, J.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. pheny 1 pyrro 1 es had antifungal activity toward American Society of Agricultural Engineers several fruit pathogens. The new pheny 1 pyrro 1 (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the showed fungal inhibitory effects on Golden 1987 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Delicious apples inoculated with conidia of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase pathogenic organisms. An unrelated but known from: The American Society of Agricultural compound, ) 1 ) Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. 2- ( 2-hepteny 1 -3-methy -4 ( 1H -qu i no 1 one , was Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order also isolated. Journal of agricultural and food Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and chemistry. Feb 1990. v. 38 (2). p. 538-541. prices. 1987. (fiche no. 87-6520). 13 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE J8223) . S-72) . 1367 1363 Pathogenicity and benzimidazole resistance in Mating types of Mucor piriformis isolated from Penici Ilium species recovered from flotation soil and pear fruit in Oregon orchards (on the tanks in appled packinghouses. life history of Mucor piriformis). PLDIDE. Rosenberger, D.A. Wicklow, D.T.; MYCOAE. Michailides, T.J. Spotts, R.A. Bronx, Korjagin, V.A.; Rondinaro, S.M. St. Paul, Minn. N.Y. The New York Botanical Garden. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant Mycologia. Sept/Oct 1986. v. 78 (5). p. disease. July 1991. v. 75 (7). p. 712-715. 766-770. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 No. : DNAL 450 M99 ) P69P) . 1364 1368 Model for failure and plastic-flow in fruit Penici Ilium soli turn revived, and its role as a col 1 i si on. pathogen of pomaceous fruit. Gan-Mor, S. Gal i 1 i , N. St. Joseph, Mich. : The PHYTA. Pitt, J.I. Spotts, R.A.; Holmes, R.J.; Society. American Society of Agricultural Cruickshank, R.H. St. Paul, Minn. : American Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper Phytopathological Society. Penicillium solitum, presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the a species neglected in recent taxonomies, is American Society of Agricultural Engineers. revived. A new description and related Available for purchase from: The American taxonomic information are given, based on Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., examination of a number of fresh isolates from 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. pome fruit and wooden fruit bin surfaces in Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for Australia and from processed meats in Germany. information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. Isolates of P. solitum were less virulent on 87-6021). 12 p. Includes references. (NAL Call apple and pear fruits than those of P. No. : DNAL FICHE S-72) expansum, the dominant pathogenic Penicillium on pome fruits. P. solitum and P. expansum showed similar temperature growth curves, but growth of P. solitum was slower. All isolates 1365 of P. solitum from fruit and fruit storage bins in this study were insensitive to benomyl, but Mucor rot and blue mold. isolates from meat and cheese were sensitive to Spotts, R.A. Pullman, Wash. : Washington State benomyl. Phytopathology. Oct 1991. v. 81 (10). University Cooperative Extension. Postharvest p. 1108-1112. Includes references. (NAL Call pomology newsletter. Sept 1989. v. 7 (2). p. No. r- DNAL 464.8 P56 ) 8-9. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP440.P67). 182 . . . . , . . ) (PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC. 1369 wounding and inoculation with B. cinerea increased from 0 to 72 hr, susceptibility of Physiological effects of waxing on apples. wounds to decay by B. cinerea decreased. NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst. Mass. : Population densities of C. laurentii in wounds The Association. New England fruit meetings ... increased rapidly, even at 5 C, and were never Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - associated with necrosis or discoloration of Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. host tissue. Phytopathology, dune 1990. v. 80 V. 92. p. 111-113. Includes 6 references. (NAL (6). p. 526-530. Includes references. (NAL Call Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 M384) No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1370 1374 Populations, pathogenicity, and benomyl Postharvest calcium treatment of apple fruit to resistance of Botrytis spp. , pen ici Ilium spp. provide broad-spectrum protection against and Mucor piriformis in packinghouses. postharvest pathogens. PLDRA. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes. L.A. St. Paul, PLDIDE. Conway, W.S. Sams, C.E.; Abbott, J. A.; Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Bruton, B.D. St. Paul, Minn. : American Plant disease. Feb 1986. v. 70 (2). p. 106-108. Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Plant disease. June Includes 16 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 1991. V. 75 (6). p. 620-622. Includes P69P) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). 1371 1375 Post-harvest disorder control. Postharvest calcium treatments: potential MUCBA. Jones, A.L. Burton, C.L. East Lansing. benefits and risks. - Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. Weis, S.A. North Amherst, Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State Mass. : The Association. New England fruit University. Dec 1986. (E-154). p. 78-79. (NAL meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B ) meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. v. 92. p. 106-109. Includes 5 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). 1372 Postharvest biological control of blue mold on 1376 apples. PHYTAJ. Janlslewicz, W.J. St. Paul, Minn. : Postharvest control of blue mold and gray mold American Phytopathol og i cal Society. of apples and pears by dip treatment with Phytopathology. Mar 1987. v. 77 (3). p. pyrrol ni trin, a metabolite of Pseudomonas 481-485. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call cepac i a No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) PLDIDE. Janisiewicz, W. Yourman, L.; Roitman, J.; Mahoney, N. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. May 1991. V. 75 (5). p. 490-494. Includes 1373 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). Postharvest biological control of gray mold of apple by Cryptococcus laurentii. PHYTA. Roberts, R.G. St. Paul, Minn. : American 1377 Phytopathological Society. Cryptococcus laurentii is a basidiomycetous yeast that Postharvest diseases of pome and stone fruits occurs naturally on apple leaves, buds, and caused by Mucor piriformis in the Pacific fruit. Puncture wounds in surf ace-di si nf ested Northwest and California. cultivar Golden Delicious apple fruit were PLDIDE. Michailides, T.J. Spotts. R.A. St. treated with phosphate buffer, cell suspensions Paul. Minn. : American Phytopathological of C. laurentii, or benomyl, then inoculated Society. Plant disease. Aug 1990. v. 74 (8). p. with 2 X 10(4) conidia per milliliter of 537-543. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Botrytis cinerea and incubated 12 days at 5, No. : DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . 10, 15. or 20 C. Treatment of wounds with washed cells of C. laurentii at 10(4)-10(5) cells per wound effectively reduced or prevented development of decay by B. cinerea at 1378 all temperatures compared with controls and was comparable in effectiveness to pre i nocu 1 at i on Postharvest handling systems: temperate fruits. application of benomyl at the postharvest label Mitchell. F.G. Berkeley, Calif. : Coop Ext. rate. Treatment of wounds with cell -free Univ of California. Div of Agric and Natural culture filtrates of C. laurentii were not Resources, 1985. Postharvest technology of effective in preventing decay and resulted in horticultural crops / Adel A. Kadar et al . . greater lesion diameters than in inoculated, p. 143-148. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call buffer-treated wounds. As the interval between No. : DNAL SB319.7.P67) . 183 . . . . (PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC.) 1379 reduction of residues was detected during cold storage. In another study, three postharvest Predicting the occurrence of poststorage application techniques were compared and again disorders of 'Mcintosh' apples from preharvest no significant differences in the quantities of mineral analyses. the residues found. Captan residues on Anjou UOSHB. Bramlage, W.J. Weis, S.A.; Drake, M. pears were insignificant. The analytical Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the procedure used for these analyses was an American Society for Horticultural Science. acetone extraction of acidified pear puree July 1985. V. 110 (4). p. 493-498. Includes 23 followed by partitioning with ethyl acetate to references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). separate total carbendazim (benomyl plus ca-'bendaz i m ) and captan residues. For captan residue, charcoal and silica gel cleanup of the organic extract was followed by electron 1380 capture GLC. The pH of the aqueous extract containing carbendazim was adjusted to about 9 Prestorage heat treatment for control of decay with sodium hydroxide, and the carbendazim of pear fruit. residue was partitioned into ethyl acetate and PHYTAJ. Spotts, R.A. Chen, P.M. St. Paul, Minn. analyzed by HPLC. Journal of agricultural and : American Phytopathological Society. food chemistry. Feb 1991. v. 39 (2). p. Phytopathology. Nov 1987. v. 77 (11). p. 400-403. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1578-1582. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 J8223). DNAL 464.8 P56) 1385 1381 Response of apple cultivars to fumigation with Quality of apples and sooty blotch and flyspeck methyl bromide. incidence at harvest and after storage, HJHSA. Meheriuk, M. Gaunce, A. P.; Dyck, V.A. 1984-85. Alexandria, Va. American Society for FNETD. Brown, E.M. Sutton, T.B.; Unrath, C.R. Horticultural Science. HortScience. May 1990. s.l. : The Society. Fungicide and nematicide v. 25 (5). p. 538-540. Includes references. tests results - American Phytopathological (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Society. 1986. v. 41. p. 26. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.9 AM31R). 1386 1382 Soil contamination inconsistently affects performance of d i phenyl ami ne as a superficial Relationships between inoculum concentrations scale inhibitor. of three decay fungi and pear fruit decay. HJHSA. Ingle, M. Morris, J.C; D'Souza, M.C. PLDRA. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American Alexandria, Va. American Society for Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. May Horticultural Science. HortScience. Nov 1990. 1986. V. 70 (5). p. 386-389. Includes 11 V. 25 (11). p. 1414-1415. Includes references. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) 1383 1387 Removal of sooty blotch and flyspeck from apple' Spectra! analysis of acoustical signal for fruit with a chlorine dip. damage detection. PLDIDE. Hendrix, F.F. Jr. St. Paul, Minn. : Upchurch, B.L. Furgason, E.S.; Miles, G.E. St. - American Phytopathological Society. Plant Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Paper American disease. July 1991. v. 75 (7). p. 742-743. Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 collection). Paper presented at the 1985 Summer P69P) Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road,. Summer 1985. 1384 (fiche no. 85-6014). 13 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE 290.9 AM32P). Residues of benomyl (determined as carbendazim) and captan in postharvest -treated pears in cold storage. JAFCAU. Kiigemagi, U. Inman, R.D.; Mellenthin, 1388 W.M.; Deinzer, M.L. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. Residues of carbendazim Ultrasonic measurement for detecting apple (applied as benomyl) and captan, applied to brui ses pears prior to cold storage, were examined TAAEA. Upchurch, B.L. Miles, G.E.; Stroshine, during 6 months of storage. Total carbendazim R.L.; Furgason, E.S.: Emerson, F.H. St. Joseph, - residues were below the 7 ppm tolerance, Mich. : The Society. Transactions of the ASAE initial residues averaging 0.37 ppm, and no American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 184 . ) (PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - GENERAL AND MISC. May/dune 1987. v. 30 (3). p. 803-809. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 290.9 AM32T). 1389 Waxing equipment and materials. NEMFA. Lacasse, S.T. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. V. 92. p. 114-116. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384) 185 . . . . . PROTECTION OF PLANT PRODUCTS - INSECTS 1390 younger larvae. These data suggest that doses of 372 Gy would prevent first through third Effect of trap design, trap height, and habitat instars from maturing and forming cocoons. on the capture of sap beetles (Coleoptera: However, probit analysis showed that a dose of Nitidulidae) using whole-wheat bread dough. 187 Gy or less gave quarantine security based JEENAI. Peng. C. Winiams, R.N. Lanham, Md. : on preventing adult emergence from fruit Entomological Society of America. Nine trap infested by larvae. When an estimated 79,540 designs were compared for capturing sap nond i apaus i ng immature larvae infesting beetles: Lindgren funnel, Multi-Pher I, thinning apples were exposed to approximately Unitrap, beetle, liquid, 153 only formed cocoons; of these, Skalbeck, Japanese Gy , 15,501 water pan, cone, and McPhail. The Lindgren only 256 pupated and none emerged as adults. funnel was most effective for Gl i schrochi 1 us Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 i fasciatus (Olivier) and G. quadr s i gnatus (5). p. 1386-1390. Includes references. (NAL (Say). The Lindgren funnel, Multi-Pher, Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) Skalbeck, moth, and liquid trap all caught equal numbers of Carpophilus lugubris Murray. The Skalbeck is recommended because of its low i cost. G. fasciatus, G. quadr s i gnatus , and C. 1393 lugubris flew to higher traps in apple orchards than in open grassy areas. Journal of economic Low- temperature storage as a postharvest entomology. Oct 1991. v. 84 (5). p. 1515-1519. treatment for coding moth (Lepidoptera: Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Tortricidae) eggs on apple. J822 ) . JEENAI. Moffitt, H.R. Burditt, A.K. Jr. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Complete mortality of red ring stage eggs of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), on 1391 mature apples occurred with 36-42 d exposure to 0.1-2.1 degrees C. Based on these results and Effects of cobalt gamma radiation on San Jose those from previous studies, we propose a scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) survival on minimum of 55 d at less than or equal to 2.2 apples in cold and control led-atmosphere degrees C as a postharvest treatment for Malus storage. domestica Borkh. cv . Red Delicious and Golden JEENAI. Angerilli, N.P.D. Fitzgibbon, F. Delicious apples. In large-scale efficacy tests Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. of this treatment, none of the treated 35,203 'Red Delicious' apples (Malus pumila (Mill.)) red ring stage eggs survived. Journal of infested with San Jose scale, Quadrasp i d i otus economic entomology. Dec 1989. v. 82 (6). p. perniciosus (Comstock), harvested from 1679-1681. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: commercial and experimental orchards were DNAL 421 J822). subjected to cobalt-60 gamma radiation and then stored in either regular cold storage, contro 1 1 ed-atmosphere storage, or at room temperature. Scale survival measured at various 1394 intervals after treatment declined with time and the magnitude of the radiation dose Methyl bromide fumigation and cold storage as received. Survival was not influenced by method treatments for California stone fruits and of storage. Journal of economic entomology. pears infested with the Caribbean fruit fly June 1990. v. 83 (3). p. 892-895. Includes (Diptera: Tephri tidae) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). JEENAI. Benschoter, C.A. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1988. v. 81 (6). p. 1665-1667. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1392 DNAL 421 J822) Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for apples infested by codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 1395 JEENAI. Burditt, A.K. Jr. Hungate, F.P. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Codling Status of efforts to meet Japanese import moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) larvae reared on quarantine requirements for apples. thinning apples were exposed to gamma radiation WSEPA. Moffitt, H. Pullman, Wash. : The at incremental doses up to 138 Gy (gray). Adult Society. Proceedings of the Washington State emergence from pupae was reduced, and larval Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 mortality increased as dose increased. At a and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Washington. dose of 39.2 Gy, emergence of normal adults 1988. (50). p. 863-864. (NAL Call No.: DNAL from irradiated younger larvae (first through 0L461 .W3) third instars) was reduced, and emergence of physically deformed adults increased. At higher doses, adult emergence was further reduced, the ratio of male to female emergence increased significantly, and overall survival of larvae declined. Similar results were obtained for older larvae (third through fifth instars) except that tbe doses required for comparable effects were 10-25% higher than those for 186 .. . , . WEEDS 1396 1400 Agricultural chemicals for North Carolina Foliar herbicide treatments for control of apples. roadside brush. Walgenbach, J.F. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service. PNWSB. Lyman, G.T. Kuhns, L.J.; Gover. A.E. - Carolina AG North Agricultural Extension College Park, Md. : The Society. Proceedings of Service, North Carolina State University. Jan the annual meeting - Northeastern Weed Science 1989. (37, rev.). 38 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Society. Meeting held on January 4-6, 1989, S544.3.N6N62) Baltimore, Maryland. 1989. v. 43. p. 74-75. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 79.9 N814). 1397 1401 Control of Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefol ia) : effects of carrier volume on Indiana commercial tree fruit spray schedules toxicity and distribution of triclopyr. 1986 / prepared by David L. Matthew ... et WETEE9. Tworkoski, T.J. Young, R.S.; Sterrett, al . . J. P. Champaign, 111. : The Society. Weed Matthew, David L. West Lafayette, IN : technology : a journal of the Weed Science Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue Society of America. Jan 1988. v. 2 (1). p. University, 1986? . Abstract: This guide for 31-35. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL commercial tree fruit growers includes 1986 SB610.W39) Indiana tree fruit spray schedules and pesticide recommendations for apple, peach, cherry, pear and plum crops. It provides information on mite, mouse and weed control, 1398 growth regulators, chemical thinning, pesticide handling, safety, and Integrated Pest The effect of bentazon on the control of yellow Management (IPM). 37 p. ; 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: nutsedge in trees and vines. DNAL 275.29 In2Id no. 168). Lange, A.H. Oliver, R.; Lange, K.F. S.l. : Western Society of Weed Science. Research progress report - Western Society of Weed Science. 1987. p. 90-91. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1402 79.9 W52R) Influence of orchard floor management on vole and pocket gopher populations and damage in apple orchards. 1399 JOSHB. Sullivan, T.P. Hogue, E.J. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Effect of phytotoxins produced by Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1987. v. Botryosphaeria obtusa, the cause of black rot 112 (6). p. 972-977. Includes references. (NAL of apple fruit and frogeye leaf spot. Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . PHYTA. Venkatasubbaiah, P. Sutton, T.B.; Chilton, W.S. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. Botryosphaeria obtusa, which causes black rot of apple fruit 1403 and frogeye leaf spot, produced phytotoxins in culture, infected fruit, and spore germination Integrated management of apple pests in North fluids. Mellein was the most abundant toxin Carol ina. isolated from the culture fluid. Other toxins Ritchie, D.F. Sorenson, K.A.; San Julian. G.J.; 1 isolated were tyrosol , 4-hydroxymel ei n Skroch, W.A.; Sutton. T.B.; Rock, G.C. Raleigh, - 5-hydroxymel 1 e i n , and 4-hydroxybenzal dehyde N.C. : The Service. AG North Carolina Seventeen apple cultivars and eight weed Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina species were used in a leaf bioassay to State University. Mar 1987. (378). 13 p. determine phy totox i c i ty of the toxins. The Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL apple cultivars, Supergold and Silverspur, were S544.3.N6N62). highly sensitive to all toxins. Only three apple cultivars showed moderate resistance to most toxins. There was no correlation between isolate pathogenicity and the amount of toxin 1404 production in culture. Among the weed species, prickly s i da and morning glory were very Interaction of weeds and apple pests. sensitive. Extraction of fruit infected with B. NEMFA. Col i . W.M. Ciurlino, R. North Amherst, obtusa yielded all toxins except Mass. : The Association. New England fruit 4-hydroxybenzal dehyde . When conidial meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual germination fluids were extracted with solvent, meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' mellein and 4-hydroxymel 1 e i n could be detected Association. Meeting held January 31-February by thin-layer chromatography. Phytopathology. 1. 1990. 1990. V. 96. p. 52-58. (NAL Call No.: Mar 1991. v. 81 (3). p. 243-247. Includes DNAL 81 M384). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). 187 . . . . . (WEEDS) 1405 1411 Orchard floor management --research on weed 1988 Illinois commercial tree fruit spray control and sods. schedules / prepared by S.M. Ries ... et a1 . . ARHMA. Stiles, W.C. East Lansing, Mich. : The Ries, S. M. Urbana : Cooperative Extension Society. Annual report - Michigan State Service, University of Illinois at Horticultural Society. 1987. (117th). p. 28-36. Urbana-Champa i gn , 1988 . Abstract: This guide (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) . for commercial tree fruit growers includes 1988 Illinois tree fruit spray schedules and pesticide recommendations for apple, peach, cherry, pear and plum crops. It provides 1406 information on fungicide, insecticide and muticide harvest restrictions, mouse and weed Virginia creeper response from systemic control, growth regulators, chemical thinning, herbicides. pesticide handling, safety, and Integrated Pest PNWSB. Young, R.S. College Park, Md. : The Management (IPM). Cover title.- "January, - Society. Proceedings of the annual meeting 1988"--P. 4 of cover.- "C-1151 S.". 40 p. ; Northeastern Weed Science Society. Meeting held 28 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB608 . F8N56 ) on January 4-6, 1989, Baltimore, Maryland. 1989. V. 43. p. 133-137. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 79.9 N814). 1412 1990 commercial apple: insect, disease, and 1407 weed control recommendations. Patterson, M.G. Everest, J.W.; Powell, A. - Weed control in pecans, apples and peaches. Auburn, Ala. : The Service. Circular ANR Taylor. G. Smith, M.W. Stillwater, Okla. : The Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn Service. OSU current report - Oklahoma State University. In subseries: Integrated Pest University, Cooperative Extension Service. Apr Management. Jan 1990. (11). 11 p. ill. (NAL 1990. (6242, rev.). 4 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . A2C47 ) S451 .0508) 1408 Weed control in pecans, apples and peaches. Gallott, J. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. OSU current report - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Feb 1989. (6242, rev.). 4 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S451 .0508) 1409 1964-1986 simazine treatments on a We ikert- Berks complex orchard soil. PNWSB. Young. R.S. Beltsville, Md . : The Society. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society. 1987. v. 41. p. 145-149. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 79.9 N814) 1410 1988 commercial apple. Insect, disease & weed control guide. McVay, J.R. Gazaway , W.; Powell. A.; Latham, A.J.; Kouskolekas, C.A.; Patterson, M.G.; Everest, J.W.; . Auburn, Ala. : The Service. Circular ANR - Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University. In subseries: Integrated Pest Management. Jan 1988. (11). 12 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . A2C47 ) 188 . . .: . . . . PESTICIDES - GENERAL 1413 1416 Acaricide bioassays with spider mites (Acari Alar free and pesticide free. Tetranychidae) on pome fruits: evaluation of Silsby, K. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural Div. of methods and selection of discriminating Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, concentrations for resistance monitoring. N.Y. State. Ag impact. June 1989. v. 16 (6). p. JEENAI. Knight, A.L. Beers, E.H.; Hoyt, S.C.; 9. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N7A45 ) Riedl , H. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Leaf disk bioassays with the acaricides avermectin B1, fenbutatin oxide, and hexythiazox were conducted with the mite 1417 species Panonychus ulmi(Koch), Tetranychus urticae Koch, and T. mcdanieli McGregor Alar in apples: Facts and fantasies. collected from apple andpear orchards in Yonkers, N.Y. : The Union. Common concerns Washington. The effects of length of the about consumption of apples and apple products bioassay period and inclusion of mite walk-off made from alar-treated fruit and cancer risk in mortality used to estimate LC50's with are addressed in a question and answer format. fenbutatin oxide and avermectin Biwere Consumer reports - Consumers Union of United examined. Correlations between LC50's after 48 States. May 1989. v. 54 (5). p. 291. (NAL Call and 72 h were significant with bothchemical s No. : DNAL 321 .8 C762) . However, large decreases in LC50's with fenbutatin oxide from 48 to 72 h i ndicatedthat the longer time allowed a more complete assessment of mite mortality. Comparisonof 1418 results from closed double-leaf and open single-leaf bioassays with fenbutatin Alar: the numbers game. ox i desuggested that mite walk-off should be SCIEA. Roberts, L. Washington, D.C. : American included in mortality counts. Significant Association for the Advancement of Science. The differences inLCSO's were found among mite dispute over the cancer danger from Alar species for hexythiazox and avermectin 81, but highlights just how uncertain risk assessment not wi thf enbutat i n oxide. P. ulmi was 20 and 2 is. Science. Mar 17, 1989. v. 243 (4897). p. times more tolerant to hexythiazox and 1430. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 470 SCI2). avermectin B1, respectively, than the two Tetranychus species. Correlations among LC50's for acar icideswi thin each species were not significant. In addition, partial correlations 1419 for species were not significant with LCSO's for fenbutatin oxide and hexythiazox and Apple and cherry pest control fenbutatin oxide andavermect i n B1. Mahr, D.L. Jeffers, S.N.; Binning, L.K.; Stang, Discriminating concentrations for detection of E.J. Madison, Wis. : The Research Division. incipient levels of resistance for hexythiazox Publication - Cooperative Extension Programs. were established for each species. University of Wisconsin - Extension. 1986. Discriminating concentrations also were (A3314). 24 p. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL selectedfor the two Tetranychus species for S544. 3.W6W53) avermectin B1. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1990. V. 83 (5). p. 1752-1760. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 1420 Apple sales strong despite scarce in '89 about 1414 chemical use. NYTIAO. Shabecoff, P. New York, N.Y. : H.J. Agricultural chemicals for North Carolina Raymond & Co. . The New York times. Nov 13, apples. 1990. p. A1, All. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 286.8 Walgenbach, J.F. (ed.). Raleigh, N.C. : The N488) . Service. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State University. Jan 1988. (37, rev.). 52 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S544 . 3 . N6N62 ) 1421 Apple scab management /C. Pickel and R.S. Bethel 1 1415 Pickel. C. Bethell , R. S. Berkeley, Calif. Cooperative Extension, University of The alar controversy: how an outraged public California, Division of Agriculture and Natural banned a carcinogenic chemical. Resources, 1985? . Abstract: This leaflet, for Hathaway, J.S. Eugene, Or. : The Coalition. growers and advisors, describes the symptoms Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of and disease cycle of apple scab and provides the Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to management guidelines including cultural and Pesticides. Fall 1990. v. 10 (3). p. 4-6. chemical control. Tables provide information on Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL temperature and moisture requirements for apple SB950.2.A1J58) scab infection and currently registered chemicals for control of apple scab. Caption title. 4 p. : ill. ; 28- cm. (NAL Call No.: 189 . (PESTICIDES - GENERAL) DNAL S544.3.C2C3 no . 2 1 4 1 2 ) . 1424 Azi nphos-methyl residues in apples and spatial distribution of fluorescein in vase-shaped 1422 apple trees. (JPFCD2. Belanger, A. Bostanian, N.J.; Boivin, Apples: managing pesticides for crop production G.; Boudreau, F. New York, N.Y. : Marcel and water quality protect ion--a supplement to Dekker. Journal of environmental science and the IFAS Pest Control Guides. health : Part B : Pesticides, food Hornsby, A.G. Buttler, T.M.; Crocker, T.E.; contaminants, and agricultural wastes. 1991. v Mizell, R.F. Ill; Dunn, R.A.; S i mone , G.W. 26 (3). p. 279-291. Includes references. (NAL - Gainesville, Fla. : The Service. Circular Call No.: DNAL TD172.J61). Florida Cooperative Extension Service. In subseries: Water Quality Initiative Series. May 1991. (962). 11 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 F66C) . 1425 Bad apples. Yonkers, N.Y. The Union. The history of the 1423 discovery of UDMH (a breakdown product formed when alar containing products are cooked) as Assessment of pesticide residues in surface and health hazards and attempts to ban alar's use soil water from a commerical apple orchard. is outlined. The sensitivity of two testing AAREEZ. Weaver, J.E. Hogmire, H.W.; Brooks, methods (PAM II and Conditt) is briefly J.L.; Senc 1 nd i ver , J.C. New York, N.Y. discussed. Environmental Protection Agency Springer. Soil water in the vadose zone and (EPA) regulations; the reaction of the baby surface runoff water in a commercial apple food industry; and the results of Consumer orchard in an upland area of West Virginia were Reports testing of apples and apple juices are assessed for residues of pesticides normally presented. The health risk of cancer from UDMH applied for control of diseases, arthropod consumption and recommendations are included. pests, and vole control. Water in the vadose Consumer reports - Consumers Union of United zone was sampled at depths of 6, 12, 24, and 36 States. May 1989. v. 54 (5). p. 288-290, 292. in. (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m) with suction ill., charts. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 321.8 C762). lysimeters from early spring to midfall for two consecutive years. Endrin was the only pesticide detected; it had been applied to the study site five times during the period of 1974 1426 to 1981. None of the 17 pesticides applied under an Integrated Orchard Management program Chemical control of water sprouts and root during this study were detected in water suckers of apple and pear. samples. Concentrations of endrin in soil water WUEXA. Tukey, R.B. Raese, d.T. Pullman, Wash. ranged from 0.1 to 13.2 ppb (microgram/L ) The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington About 20% of all soil water samples within the State University, Cooperative Extension orchard tested positive (greater than or equal Service. Jan 1991. (1593). 2 p. (NAL Call No.: to 0.1 ppb) for this pesticide. Endrin was DNAL 275.29 W27P). detected at all depths; however, the frequency of positive samples and levels of residues tended to decrease with depth of sampling. Only 4.3% of soil water samples collected offsite 1427 (105 ft downslope from the orchard) contained endrin; concentrations were less than 0.1 and A comparison of handgun and tree -row- volume 0.5 ppb in two samples from the 6-in depth. pesticide application. Endrin concentrations in soil from within the PLDIDE. Sutton, T.B. Unrath, C.R. St. Paul, orchard were highly variable among the sites Minn. American Phy topatho 1 og i ca 1 Society. sampled. Mean concentrations (+/- SD) at Plant disease. June 1988. v. 72 (6). p. surface (0-1 in.), 6, 12, 24, and 36 in. were 509-512. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 12,100 (+/- 11,200), 900 (+/- 800), 1,700 (+/- DNAL 1 . 9 P69P ) . 1,800), 200 (+/- 300), and less than 10 (+/- ppb ( m i 10) crogram/kg ) , respectively. Off-site (one sample), endrin was detected only at the surface and 6-in, depth at 750 and 46 ppb, 1428 respectively. Applied agricultural research. Winter 1990. v. 5 (1). p. 37-43. ill., maps. Daminozide: a case study of a pesticide Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL controversy. S539.5.A77) . Campt, D. Washington, O.C. : Office of Public Awareness. EPA Environmental Protection Agency journal. May 1987. v. 13 (4). p. 32-34. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TD171.U5). 190 . 1 1 . . (PESTICIDES - GENERAL) 1429 derivatives reported. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. Jan 1991. v. 39 (1). p. Damlnozide inhibits ethylene by preventing the 176-181. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: conversion of methionine to amino cyclopropane DNAL 381 J8223). carboxylic acid (ACC). PPGGD. Sal as-Qu i ntana , S. Gianfagna, T. Lake Alfred, Fla. : The Society. Proceedings of the Plant Growth Regulator Society of America. 1433 Meeting held August 6-10, 1989, Arlington, Virginia. 1989. (16th). p. 218-222. Includes Determination of fluvalinate metabolite references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB128.P5). residues in cottonseed, apples, tomatoes, and soil JAFCAU. Fitch, W.L. Sjolander, A.C.; Miller. W.W. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical 1430 Society. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. July/Aug 1988. v. 36 (4). p. Daminozlde residues in apple orchards: 764-766. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: concentrations in fruit, trees, and soil. DNAL 381 J8223). BECTA6. Mattina, M.J.I. Pylypiw, H.M. Jr.; Paiva, A. A. New York, N.Y. : Spr i nger-Ver 1 ag Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. Dec 1990. v. 45 (6). p. 858-863. 1434 Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL RA1270. P35A1 ) Determination of several pesticides with a chemical ionization ion trap detector. JAFCAU. Mattern, G.C. Singer, G.M.; Louis, J.; Robson, M. ; Rosen, J.D. Washington, D.C. 1431 American Chemical Society. A total of one hundred (twenty five each) apple, peach, Determination and persistence of several tomato, and potato samples were analyzed for fungicides in postharvest-treated apples during twelve pesticides and two pesticide metabolites their cold storage. with a slightly modified Luke multiresidue JAFCAU. Cano, P. Plaza, J.L. de la; extraction procedure, separation by capillary Munoz-Del gado , L. Washington, D.C. : American , column gas chromatography with cold on-column Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and injection, and detection by mass chromatography food chemistry. Jan/Feb 1987. v. 35 (1). p. with an ion trap mass spectrometer in the 144-147. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call chemical ionization mode (GC/CIMS). Residues of No. : DNAL 381 J8223) . carbaryl , captan, dichloran, dimethoate, methamidophos, phosmet , and tetrahydrophthal i m i de were found in several samples, with peaches containing the most 1432 residues. None of the residues found were above legal tolerances. Recovery studies were Determination of daminozlde and performed at the 0.5 ppm fortification level of dimethyl hydrazine residues in Swiss apple juice each pesticide and metabolite at least three concentrates using gas chromatography-mass times in each of the four crops. Recoveries spectrometry. were between 73 and 120%, with an average JAFCAU. Rutschmann, M.A. Buser, H.R. coefficient of variation of 11%. Because the Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. computer can be programmed to search for Apple juice concentrates analyzed for several hundred targeted ions, the use of 1 daminozlde and 1 , -dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) by capillary column GC/CIMS is a promising method a sensitive gas chromatographic mass that should be explored by regulatory agencies spectrometr i c (GC-MS) method showed with the for the analysis of pesticide residues. Journal exception of one sample no detectable of agricultural and food chemistry. Feb 1990. concentrations of daminozlde. The exceptive V. 38 (2). p. 402-407. Includes references. sample showed traces of daminozlde (0.07 ppm) (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 J8223). that could have resulted from the illegal use of daminozlde by one fruit grower from more than a hundred. The samples were collected from large-scale storage tanks in different regions 1435 in Switzerland and represented a cross section of Swiss production. The samples were analyzed Differential tolerance of woody nursery crop for daminozlde after alkaline digestion to UDMH seedlings to napropamide. and der 1 vat i zat i on to pentaf 1 uorobenzoy WETEE9. Crabtree, S. Crabtree, G. Champaign, derivatives. The exceptive apple juice 111. : The Society. Weed technology : a journal concentrate was further analyzed directly for of the Weed Science Society of America. Oct/Dec UDMH by isolation via cation-exchange 1989. V. 3 (4). p. 584-589. ill. Includes chromatography and der i vat i zat i on . No UDMH was references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB610.W39). found in this analysis. Comparative analysis showed the GC-MS method to be much less susceptible to interfering compounds than electron capture detection. Other hydrazines were comparatively analyzed and GC and MS properties of the pentaf 1 uorobenzoy 191 . . . (PESTICIDES - GENERAL) 1436 1440 Downwind residue from air spraying of a dwarf Effect of HOE 39866 during growing season on apple orchard. apple tree growth. TAAEA. Fox, R.D. Brazee, R.D.; Reichard, D.L.; PNWSB. Young, R.S. Beltsville, Md. : The Hall, F.R. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society Society. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of Agricultural Engineers. The edge row of - Northeastern Weed Science Society. 1986. v. dwarf apple trees was sprayed with an air 40. p. 199-202. Includes references. (NAL Call sprayer; fluorescent dye was used to trace No. : DNAL 79.9 N814) spray drift deposits. Tracer deposited on the ground was measured with plastic collectors and airborne spray was captured and measured with string, bottle, and high-volume, air-sampling 1441 filter collectors. Microclimatic variables including vertical heat flux were measured. EPA: uniroyal agrees to halt U.S. sales of Ground deposit decreased greatly beyond 120 m; Alar. about 0.03% of total material sprayed was Washington, D.C. : Community Nutrition deposited between 122 and 152 m downwind. Institute. Abstract: Uniroyal Chemical Company Airborne spray between the ground and a 20 m has agreed to halt sales of Alar in the United level at 122 m downwind was estimated to be States. This decision was in reponse to about 3.5%. Ground collectors and an government and consumer concerns to risks of unobstructed array of string collectors located the pesticide on apples. The apple industry 5.0 m from the sprayer captured about 75% of response and foreign sales are also discussed. the total material sprayed. Transactions of the Nutrition week. June 8, 1989. v. 19 (23). p. 6. ASAE. July/Aug 1990. v. 33 (4). p. 1104-1108. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TX341.C6). ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 290.9 AM32T) 1442 1437 Factors influencing the uptake of fenarimol and f1usi1azo1 by apple leaves. Drift comparisons between aerial and ground PHYTAJ. O'Leary. A.L. Jones, A.L. St. Paul, orchard application. Minn. : American Phy topatho 1 og i cal Society. JEENAI. MacCollom, G.B. Currier, W.W.; Baumann, Phytopathology. Nov 1987. v. 77 (11). p. G.L. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society 1564-1568. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: of America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr DNAL 464.8 P56). 1986. V. 79 (2). p. 459-464. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 1443 1438 Fate of insecticide sprays from apple orchards. NEMFA. Clark, J.M. Marion, J.R.; Tessier, D.M.; Effect of calcium chloride addition on solution Col i , W.M. North Amherst, Mass. The pH and on hydrolysis of certain pesticides. Association. New England fruit meetings ... - NEMFA. Col i , W.M. Clark, J.M.; Brooks, M. North Proceedings of the ... annual meeting Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... v. 92. p. 76-89. Includes 8 references. (NAL - annual meeting Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 M384) Association. 1985. v. 91. p. 67-72. Includes 3 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). 1444 1439 Fate of the fungicide to1y1f1uanid in the pear cold stored in controlled or non controlled Effect of chlorpyrifos BOW on fruit finish and atmosphere. packout of 'Golden Delicious'. BECTA6. Rouchaud, J. Gustin, F.; Creemers, P.; Hogmire, H.W. Crim, V.L.; Annan, R.Q. Clemson, Goffings, G.; Herregods, M. New York, N.Y. : S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society. Spr i nger- Ver 1 ag . Bulletin of environmental Journal of agricultural entomology. July 1988. contamination and toxicology. Apr 1991. v. 46 V. 5 (3). p. 209-214. Includes references. (NAL (4). p. 499-506. Includes references. (NAL Call Call No.: DNAL SB599.J69). No.: DNAL RA 1 270 . P35A 1 ) 192 . , . . (PESTICIDES - GENERAL) 1445 used. Average recoveries at the 0.5 ppm fortification level were between 70 and 123%, Fine structure of apple leaves treated with the with an average coefficient of variation of sterol - inhibi ting fungicide bitertanol. 13%. Sensitivity studies demonstrated that most HJHSA. Overton, S.V. Moore, L.D.; Miller, O.K. pesticides could be detected at 0.05 or 0.10 Alexandria, Va . : American Society for ppm in the crops, but some limits of detection Horticultural Science. Ul trastructural were 0.25 ppm or greater. Journal of observations were made of leaves of apple agricultural and food chemistry. Apr 1991. v. (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Delicious) 12. 39 (4). p. 700-704. Includes references. (NAL 24, and 72 hours following a single foliar Call No.: DNAL 381 08223). application of the sterol - i nh i b i t i ng fungicide bitertanol. Thylakoids of chloroplasts from treated leaves were swollen and irregular and chloroplasts had lost their integrity within 12 1448 hours after treatment. Occasionally, mitochondria looked washed out, although no Glyphosate applications to the bark of nine other changes in membrane or organelle tree species. structures were observed. Within 24 to 72 PNWSB. Kuhns, L.J. College Park, Md. : The hours, moreover, thylakoids of chloroplasts Society. Proceedings of the annual meeting - from treated leaves returned to a state similar Northeastern Weed Science Society. Meeting held to that of the controls. However, the numbers January 6-9, 1992, Boston, Massachusetts. 1992. of starch granules in the chloroplasts of V. 46. p. 23-26. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 79.9 treated leaves appeared to increase throughout N814) . the 72 hours and remained somewhat higher than levels in controls. Thus, bitertanol does not appear to have a lasting effect on apple leaves. HortScience. Feb 1991. v. 26 (2). p. 1449 173-175. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) Guard against bee kill. Seaman, A. Kuhn, E.; Riedl, H. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Publishing Company. American fruit grower. Mar 1985. v. 105 (3). p. 13. ill. (NAL 1446 Cal 1 No. : DNAL 80 G85) Gas chromatographic determination of f lucythrinate synthetic pyrethroid residues In a range of crops. 1450 JAFCAU. Cordon, C. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and Influence of fungicides on scarf skin on Gallia food chemistry. Nov/Dec 1986. v. 34 (6). p. Beauty. 953-955. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: OARCB. Ferree, D.C. Ellis, M.A. Wooster, Ohio : DNAL 381 J8223). The Center. Research circular - Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. July 1986. (290). p. 14-16. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3R). 1447 GC/MS and LC/MS determination of 20 pesticides for which dietary oncogenic risk has been 1451 estimated. JAFCAU. Mattern, G.C. Liu. C.H.; Louis, J.B.; Lack of fungus killers hurts, state apple Rosen, J.D. Washington, D.C. : American growers say. Chemical Society. The National Research Council Stowe, G. Charlotte, N.C. : Observer Co. The has estimated dietary oncogenic risk for 28 Charlotte observer. Aug 21, 1991. p. IB. (NAL pesticides registered for use in the United Call No.: DNAL A00064 ) States. We report a rapid analytical procedure for 20 of these pesticides in a variety of crops based on a single extraction step and the use of mass spectrometry for detection and 1452 quantification. Recovery and sensitivity studies were performed in various commodities Malathion bait sprays for control of apple (apples, peaches, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, maggot (Diptera: Tephri tidae) spinach, lettuce, snap beans, and sweet corn) JEENAI. Mohammad, A.B. Aliniazee, M.T. Lanham, for the suspected oncogens acephate, alachlor, Md. : Entomological Society of America. azinphos-methyl , captafol , captan, Malathion (1.2 g AI /liter, applied at 2-wk i chl ordimef orm, chl orothal oni 1 , cypermethr n intervals for a total of four spray i di cl of opmethy 1 , ethal f 1 ural n , metolachlor, applications) was compared with malathion mixed oxadiazon, parathion, permethrin, pronamide, with 0.25 and 0.5% Nulure bait for control of o-phenyl phenol , terbutryne, folpet, linuron,and the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), oryzalin. All pesticides were determined by gas in 1986 and 1987 seasons. Apples sprayed with chromatography/chem i cal ionization mass malathion mixed with Nulure had the lowest spectrometry (GC/CIMS) except the last three, fruit injury in both years. In 1986, fruit for which high-performance 1 iquid injury averaged 18.3 +/- 16.4% (average +/- chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was SEM) in apples treated with malathion bait 193 . . , . . e , (PESTICIDES - GENERAL) mixture compared with 39.0 +/- 9.5% in apples 1456 treated with malathion alone and 56.3 +/- 15.5% in untreated apples. In 1987, apple maggot A new chlorinated phenyl pyrrole antibiotic injury in apples treated with malathion bait produced by the antifungal bacterium mixture averaged 3.7 +/- 3.2% compared with Pseudomonas cepacia. 45.7 +/- 2.7% in apples treated with malathion JAFCAU. Roitman, J.N. Mahoney , N.E.; alone and 26.7 +/- 22.2% in untreated apples. Janisiewicz, W.J.; Benson, M. Washington. D.C. Laboratory bioassays of residual toxicities of American Chemical Society. A group of malathion against apple maggot adults at a rate chlorinated phenyl pyrrol e derivatives was of 1.2 g (AI)/liter indicated efficacy of less isolated from a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia than 1 wk and complete ineffectiveness within collected from apple leaves during a screening 12 d after application on apple foliage and program designed to detect agents for fruits. At the higher rate of 2.4 g (AI)/liter, biological control of fruit spoilage fungi. One only 17% mortality was noticed 16 d after of these substances, application. Further laboratory tests indicated 2,3-dichloro-4-(2-amino-3-chl oropheny 1 )pyr rol e total adult mortality within 48 h and has not been previously reported. In vitro negligible rates of oviposition (less than 1 testing showed that all four of the egg per female) in apples treated with phenyl pyrrol es had antifungal activity toward malathion at rates of 0.3 and 0.6 g (AI)/liter several fruit pathogens. The new pheny 1 pyrrol mixed with 1% Nulure bait. In apples treated showed fungal inhibitory effects on Golden with malathion alone, 29 +/- 7.7% mortality Delicious apples inoculated with conidia of occurred and 10 eggs per female were deposited pathogenic organisms. An unrelated but known at the end of 48 h for 0.3 (AI)/liter rate, and compound 3 1 ) 2- ( ) i 1 21 +/- 7.7% mortality occurred and 16 eggs per 2-hepteny 1 - -methy -4 ( 1 H -qu no one , was female were deposited for 0.6 g (AI)/liter also isolated. Journal of agricultural and food rate. Nulure alone at 1% had no adverse effects chemistry. Feb 1990. v. 38 (2). p. 538-541. on survival and oviposition of apple maggot Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 females. Results of these field and laboratory J8223) . experiments showed that addition of Nulure bait to malathion increased adult mortality and reduced oviposition in treated apples. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1989. v. 82 (6). p. 1457 1716-1721. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) A new pesticide bioassay method for white apple leaf hopper. WSEPA. Beers, E.H. Eisner, E.A. Pullman, Wash. The Society. Proceedings of the Washington 1453 State Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Modeling to generate alternatives In a Washington. 1988. (50). p. 872. (NAL Call No.: mul t1 period context: apple growers and alar. DNAL QL461 . W3 ) Kimball, M.A. Morgantown, W.Va. The Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association. Northeastern journal of agricultural and resource economics. Oct 1988. 1458 V. 17 (2). p. 139-146. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD 1 773 . A2N6 ) Orchard sprayers: How much spray moves out of the orchard? GARCB. Fox, R.D. Brazee, R.D. Wooster, Ohio : The Center. Research circular - Ohio 1454 Agricultural Research and Development Center. July 1990. (297). p. 9-15. Includes references. Monitoring residues of carbendazltn (applied as (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3R). benomyl ) and thiabendazole in Well spur apples. JANCA2. Mon i co-P i f ar re , A. X i rau- Vayreda , M. Arlington, Va. The Association. Association of Official Analytical Chemists journal. 1459 May/June 1987. v. 70 (3). p. 596-598. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 AS7). Pears: managing pesticides for crop production and water quality protect 1on--a supplement to the I FAS pest control guides. Hornsby, A.G. Buttler, T.M.; Crocker, T.E.; 1455 Mizell, R.F. Ill; Dunn, R.A.; Simone, G.W. Gainesville, Fla. The Service. Circular - Much ado about apples. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. In Stark, C. Ithaca, N.Y. : New York State College subseries: Water Quality Initiative Series. May of Human Ecology, Cornell University. Human 1991. (995). 11 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 ecology forum. Spring 1989. v. 17 (3). p. F66C) . 23-26. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HV1.H8). 194 . . . . (PESTICIDES - GENERAL) 1460 1466 Perennial diversionary planting designed to Residue levels in apples and pears reduce pesticide mortality of honey bees in field-treated with two experitnental apple orchards. chlorothaloni 1 formulations. ABJOA. Ayers, G.S. Wroblewska, A.; BECTA6. Camoni , I. Di Muccio, A.; Pontecorvo, Hoop i nganner , R.A. Hamilton, 111. : Dadant & D.; Rubbiani, M.; Vergori, L.; Lugaresi, C. New Sons. American bee journal. Apr 1991. v. 131 York, N.Y. : Spr i nger-Ver 1 ag . Bulletin of (4). p. 241-252. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 424.8 environmental contamination and toxicology. Mar AM3) . 1991. V. 46 (3). p. 361-367. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL RA 1 270 . P35A 1 ) 1461 1467 Pest management perspectives. PWHAA. Hoyt, S.C. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Residues and mutagenicity of captan applied to Association. Proceedings - Washington State apple trees and potential human exposure. Horticultural Association. 1989. (85th). p. 54, JPFCD2. Rashid, K.A. Kawar, N.S.: Hull, L.A.; 56. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). Mumma, R.O. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker Journal of environmental science and health. Part B. Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes. 1987. v. 22 (1). p. 71-89. 1462 Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TD172. J61 ) . Plant growth regulators. MUCBA. Hull, J. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University. 1468 Dec 1986. (E-154). p. 12-16. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B). Residues of benomyl (determined as carbendazim) and captan in postharvest- treated pears in cold storage. JAFCAU. Kiigemagi, U. Inman, R.D.; Mellenthin, 1463 W.M.; Deinzer, M.L. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. Residues of carbendazim Reduced apple bloom associated with sterol (applied as benomyl) and captan, applied to inhibitor fungicides. pears prior to cold storage, were examined HARAA. Latham, A. J. Dozier, W.A. Jr.; Knowles, during 6 months of storage. Total carbendazim d.W.; Hoi 1 i ngsworth , M.H. Auburn, Ala. : The residues were below the 7 ppm tolerance, Station. Highlights of agricultural research - initial residues averaging 0.37 ppm, and no Alabama, Agricultural Experiment Station. reduction of residues was detected during cold Winter 1985. v. 32 (4). p. 4. ill. (NAL Call storage. In another study, three postharvest No. : DNAL 100 AL1H) application techniques were compared and again no significant differences in the quantities of the residues found. Captan residues on Anjou pears were insignificant. The analytical 1464 procedure used for these analyses was an acetone extraction of acidified pear puree Reduction in transpiration and return bloom in followed by partitioning with ethyl acetate to apple by two sterol - 1 nhibi ting fungicides. separate total carbendazim (benomyl plus HJHSA. Biggs, A.R. Alexandria, Va. : American carbendazim) and captan residues. For captan Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. residue, charcoal and silica gel cleanup of the Nov 1990. V. 25 (11). p. 1403-1405. Includes organic extract was followed by electron references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). capture GLC. The pH of the aqueous extract containing carbendazim was adjusted to about 9 with sodium hydroxide, and the carbendazim residue was partitioned into ethyl acetate and 1465 analyzed by HPLC. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. Feb 1991. v. 39 (2). p. Removal of spray residue from apples /by W.S. 400-403. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Hough ... et al . . DNAL 381 J8223). Hough, Walter Senef f ,_1893- . Blacksburg, Va. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1931. 16 p. ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 Vai5 (1) 1469 no. 278) Stability of benomyl homologues and their efficacy against sensitive and benomyl -res i stant Botrytis cinerea. JAFCAU. Northover, J. Chiba, M. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. Sept/Oct 1989. V. 37 (5). p. 1416-1421. Includes references. 195 . . . . . (PESTICIDES - GENERAL) (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 J8223). and J. Hull.- Includes statistical data. Nov 1988. (154). p. 14-18. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275 . 29 M58B ) . 1470 Stability of selected pesticide formulations 1478 and combinations in aqueous media. JAFCAU. Atwood, S.T. Sheets, T.J.; Sutton. Washington's apple orchards: far from an T.B.; Leidy, R.B. Washington, D.C. : American idyllic place in the country. Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and Cox, C. Eugene, Or. : The Coalition. Journal food chemistry. Mar/Apr 1987. v. 35 (2). p. pesticide reform : a publication of the 169-172. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to DNAL 381 J8223) Pesticides. Spring 1991. v. 11 (1). p. 26. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB950.2. A1 J58) 1471 Survey for pesticides in we11s associated with 1477 apple and peach orchards in West Virginia. BECTA6. Hogmire, H.W. Weaver, J.E.; Brooks, 1986 New England apple spray guide. J.L. New York, N.Y. : Spr i nger - Ver 1 ag . Bulletin CUCEB. Berkett, L.P. (ed.). Kollas, D.A. (ed - of environmental contamination and toxicology. Storrs, Conn. : The Service. Bulletin Jan 1990. v. 44 (1). p. 81-86. Includes Cooperative Extension Service, University of references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL RA 1 270. P35A 1 ) Connecticut. 1986. (86-16). 42 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 C76B) 1472 1478 A technique for determining the deposition of heavy metals in pesticides. 1989 fruit spraying calendar. PHYTAJ. Travis, J. W. Sutton. T.B.; Skroch, W.A. MUCBA. Jones, A.L. (ed.). Howitt, A.J. (ed.) St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Hull, J. (ed.). East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Phytopathology. July 1985. v. 75 (7). Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative p. 783-785. Includes 17 references. (NAL Call Extension Service, Michigan State University No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) Nov 1988. (154). 117 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 M58B). 1473 Toxicity of fungicides and an acaride to honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and their effects on bee foraging behavior and pollen viability on blooming apples and pears. EVETEX. Mayer, D.F. Lunden, J.D. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Oct 1986. v. 15 (5). p. 1047-1049. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL QL461 . E532) 1474 Transitory growth control of apple seedlings with less persistent triazole derivatives. JPGRDI. Curry, E.A. Reed, A.N. New York, N.Y. Springer. Journal of plant growth regulation. 1989. V. 8 (3). p. 167-174. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0K745.J6). 1475 Tree-row volume. MUCBA. Howitt, A.J. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service. Michigan State University. In series analytic: 1989 fruit spraying calendar / edited by A.L. Jones, A.J. Howitt, 196 . SOIL BIOLOGY 1479 Distribution of sporanglospores of Mucor piriformis in pear orchard soils. PLDIDE. Dobson, R.L. Spotts, R.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. Aug 1988. v. 72 (8). p. 702-705. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). 1480 Effect of a grass on growth and mycorrhization of potted apple trees. HJHSA. Reich, L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1985. V. 20 (2). p. 265-267. ill. Includes 15 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 1481 Populations of Mucor piriformis in soil of pear orchards in the Hood River Valley of Oregon. PLDRA. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogi cal Society. Plant disease. Oct 1986. v. 70 (10). p. 935-937. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 .9 P69P) 197 . . . . . SOIL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 1482 1485 Assessment of pesticide residues in surface and Pert i gat ion of apples with nitrate or ammonium soil water from a commerlcal apple orchard. nitrogen under drip irrigation. II. Nutrient AAREEZ. Weaver, J . E . Hogmire, H.W.; Brooks, distribution in the soil. J.L.; Sencindiver , J . C . New York, N.Y. : CSQSA2. Klein, I. Spieler, G. New York, N.Y. : Springer. Soil water in the vadose zone and Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science surface runoff water in a commercial apple and plant analysis. Mar 1987. v. 18 (3). p. orchard in an upland area of West Virginia were 323-339. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: assessed for residues of pesticides normally DNAL S590.C63). applied for control of diseases, arthropod pests, and vole control. Water in the vadose zone was sampled at depths of 6, 12, 24, and 36 in. (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m) with suction 1486 lysimeters from early spring to midfall for two consecutive years. Endrin was the only Influence of call cum and mangnesium salts on pesticide detected; it had been applied to the acid soil chemistry and calcium nutrition of study site five times during the period of 1974 apple. to 1981. None of the 17 pesticides applied SSSJD4. Pavan, M.A. Bingham, F.T.; Peryea, F.J. under an Integrated Orchard Management program Madison, Wis. : The Society. Soil Science during this study were detected in water Society of America Journal. Nov/Dec 1987. v. 51 samples. Concentrations of endrin in soil water (6). p. 1526-1530. Includes references. (NAL ranged from 0.1 to 13.2 ppb ( m i crogram/L) Cal 1 No. : DNAL 56.9 S03) About 20% of all soil water samples within the orchard tested positive (greater than or equal to 0.1 ppb) for this pesticide. Endrin was detected at all depths; however, the frequency 1487 of positive samples and levels of residues tended to decrease with depth of sampling. Only The influence of soil density on dwarfing 4.3% of soil water samples collected offsite rootstocks and scion performance. (105 ft downslope from the orchard) contained ARHMA. Fernandez, R.T. Perry, R.L. East - endrin; concentrations were less than 0.1 and Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report 0.5 ppb in two samples from the 6-in depth. Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1990. Endrin concentrations in soil from within the (120th). p. 191-192. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 orchard were highly variable among the sites M58) . sampled. Mean concentrations (+/- SD ) at surface (0-1 in.), 6, 12, 24, and 36 in. were 12,100 (+/- 11.200), 900 (+/- 800), 1,700 (+/- 1,800), 200 (+/- 300), and less than 10 (+/- 1488 10) ppb ( m i crogram/kg ) , respectively. Off-site (one sample), endrin was detected only at the Populations of Mucor piriformis in soil of pear surface and 6-in, depth at 750 and 46 ppb, orchards in the Hood River Valley of Oregon. respectively. Applied agricultural research. PLDRA. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul, Winter 1990. v. 5 (1). p. 37-43. ill., maps. Minn. American Phy topathol og i cal Society. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Plant disease. Oct 1986. v. 70 (10). p. S539.5. A77) . 935-937. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). 1483 1489 Damlnozide residues In apple orchards: concentrations in fruit, trees, and soil. The relationship of Internal bark necrosis in BECTA6. Mattina, M.J.I. Pylypiw, H.M. Jr.; 'Delicious' apples to tree characteristics and Paiva, A. A. New York, N.Y. Spr 1 nger-Ver 1 ag soil properties. Bulletin of environmental contamination and CS0SA2. Hoyt, P.B. New York, N.Y. : Marcel toxicology. Dec 1990. v. 45 (6). p. 858-863. Dekker. Communications in soil science and Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL plant analysis. May/Sept 1988. v. 19 (7/12). p. RA1270.P35A1 ) 1041-1048. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S590.C63). 1484 1490 Ecological aspects of using sewage sludge as fertilizer in apple orchards. Soil contamination Inconsistently affects Solov'ev, I.S. Khomyakov, D.M. New York, N.Y. performance of di phenyl amine as a superficial Allerton Press. Soviet agricultural sciences. scale inhibitor. Translated from: Vseso i uzna i a akademiia HJHSA. Ingle, M. Morris, J.C.; D'Souza, M.C. sel ' skokhoz i a i stvennykh nauk, Doklady, (6), Alexandria, Va. : American Society for 1989, p. 22-24. (20 AK1). 1989. (6). p. 30-33. Horticultural Science. HortScience. Nov 1990. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL V. 25 (11). p. 1414-1415. Includes references. SI .S68) (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 198 . (SOIL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS) 1491 Use of greenhouse seedling bioassays to predict first year growth of apple trees planted in old orchard soi 1 HJHSA. Nielson, G.H. Beulah, J.; Hogue. E.J.; Utkhede, R.S. Alexandria, Va. American Society for Horticultural Science. Apple seedling height after 7 weeks of growth in greenhouse pots was compared with total first year shoot growth of 'Mcintosh' or 'Delicious' apple trees Malus domestica (Borkh.) on M.26 rootstock for eight orchards and five soil treatments. The apple trees were replanted in old orchard sites with the same treatments applied in the planting hole as were tested in the greenhouse. The pot test successfully predicted treatments that increased first year shoot growth in 23 of 30 opportunities. However, a less precise relationship (R2 = 0.38) existed between total first year shoot growth (Y) of 'Summerland Red Mcintosh' on M.26 rootstock and seedling height (X). HortScience. Nov 1991. V. 26 (11). p. 1383-1386. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 199 . SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND GENESIS 1492 Soil profile and root penetration as indicators of apple production in the lake shore district of western New York /by A.T. Sweet. Sweet, A. T. 1869-. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1933. Caption title.- "Contribution from Bureau of Chemistry and Soils.". 30 p. ill., 1 map ; 23 cm. Includes bibliographical references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 Ag84C no. 303) 200 . . SOIL FERTILITY - FERTILIZERS 1493 loam (coarse loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Fragiorthod) in southern Quebec. Morspur Adjust to conditions. Mcintosh' (Malus domestica Borkh.) scions WEFGA. Klassen, P. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister budded on M.7, M.26, Ott.3, or M.9 dwarfing Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Nov 1986. v. 106 rootstocks received 12 fertilization regimes 16F, 16H. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 N- , P-, K- Ca-, Mg-based (11). p. involving , and G85W) materials applied at three rites each. Top yielding trees on Ott.3 had lower Mg concentration in their leaves than those on other rootstocks. Year-to-year variation of 1494 DRIS norms led to yearly defined DRIS norms. Annual yields can be used instead of cumulative Chlorosis of 'Anjou' pear trees reduced with yields to generate DRIS norms, especially from foliar sprays of iron compounds. the 6th year after planting. If tissue samples JPNUDS. Raese, d.T. Staiff, D.C. New York, N.Y. are collected at the appropriate sampling : Marcel Dekker . Journal of plant nutrition. period, incorporating the dry matter index into Paper presented at the "Fourth International the nutrient balance equation (M-DRIS) of Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in orchard trees helps to separate limiting from Plants," July 6-9, 1987, University of New nonlimiting nutrients and also integrates Mexico, Albuquerque. June/Nov 1988. v. 11 numerical information on nutrient (6/11). p. 1379-1385. Includes references. (NAL concentrations and nutrient ratios. These Call No.: DNAL QK867.J67). concentrations and ratios are commonly diagnosed independently or concomitantly with the sufficiency range approach and with DRIS, respectively, M-DRIS may be particularly useful 1495 when available critical values are not fully satisfactory, as was the case in this Comparisons of calcium chloride, calcium investigation. Journal of the American Society phosphate, and a calcium chelate as foliar for Horticultural Science. Nov 1989. v. 114 sprays for 'Mcintosh' apple trees. (6). p. 915-919. Includes references. (NAL Call JOSHB. Bramlage, W.J. Drake, M. ; Weis, S.A. No. : DNAL 81 SO 1 2 ) Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1985. V. 110 (6). p. 786-789. Includes 22 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 1499 Ecological aspects of using sewage sludge as fertilizer in apple orchards. 1496 Solov'ev, I.S. Khomyakov, D.M. New York, N.Y. Allerton Press. Soviet agricultural sciences. Corking of 'Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Translated from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia Borkh.) on four rootstocks as affected by sel ' skokhoz i a i stvennykh nauk , Doklady, (6), calcium and boron supplied through trickle 1989, p. 22-24. (20 AK1). 1989. (6). p. 30-33. irrigation. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL JPNUDS. Smith, C.B. Morrow, C.T.; Greene, G.M. SI . S68) . II. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. Paper presented at the "Tenth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium", August 4-9, 1986, Beltsville, Maryland. 1987. 1500 V. 10 (9/16). p. 1917-1924. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QK867.J67). Effect of a foliar urea application and mite injury on yield and fruit quality of apple. JEENAI. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A.; Greene, G.M. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. 1497 Malus X domestica Borkhauser , 'Bisbee Delicious' and 'Rome Beauty' apple trees were D' Anjou pear quality. subjected to varying amounts (range, Facteau, T. Portland : The Society. Annual approximately 20-1,140) of European red mite, report - Oregon Horticultural Society. 1986. v. Panonychus ulmi (Koch), injury and then treated 77. p. 101-112, 114-117. Includes references. with a foliar urea to determine if the effects (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 0R32). of mite injury, could be mitigated. The effects of these treatments were determined on mean fruit weight, soluble solids, fruit firmness, fruit color, leaf nitrogen, and number of 1498 actively growing shoots at harvest, as well as return bloom, percentage of fruit set, and crop Derivation of DRIS norms from a high-density load the following season. Mean fruit weight, apple orchard established in the Quebec fruit firmness, and percentage of leaf nitrogen Appalachian Mountains. in August and September were affected by mite JOSHB. Parent, L.E. Granger, R.L. Alexandria, injury on 'Bisbee Delicious,' whereas with Va. : The Society. Diagnosis and 'Rome Beauty' soluble solids, fruit color, and Recommendations Integrated System (DRIS) norms percentage of leaf nitrogen in August were for trees on dwarfing rootstocks were derived affected by mite injury. The only effect of the from a 7-year fertilization trial on a Blanford urea application after mite injury was a 201 . . . . . (SOIL FERTILITY - FERTILIZERS) reduction in red color of 'Bisbee Delicious.'. loam (pH 5.0-5.5), Berks channery silt loam (pH Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 3.5-4.0), and Lehew channery fine sandy loam (2). p. 552-556. Includes references. (NAL Call (pH 4.0-4.5). Soil pH was increased, soil and No. : DNAL 421 J822) plant levels of Ca, Mg and P were increased and soil and plant levels of Al and Mn were decreased to nontoxic levels. Root and shoot growth were enhanced, and the incidence and 1501 severity of internal bark necrosis (IBN) were decreased. Rock phosphate was less effective Effect of calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus than lime or lime plus phosphate in increasing nutrition on fruit quality and disorders of pH and decreasing Mn and Al. Exchangeable Al apples and pears. and available Mn in rock phosphate- treated PWHAA. Raese, J.T. Wenatchee, Wash. : The soils were well below the toxic range, however, Association. Proceedings - Washington State and levels of essential nutrients were optimal. Horticultural Association. 1989. (85th). p. Eight years following field application of 234-237. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). amendments, rock phosphate continued to affect soil Ca and P levels, and some lime plus phosphate treatments persisted in affecting soil pH and soil Mn. Lime or phosphate alone 1502 were not persistent. Applied agricultural research. Spring 1989. v. 4 (2). p. 111-117. Effect of soil management and calcium nitrate Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL fertilization on the availability of soil S539.5.A77). nitrate and cations in an eastern apple orchard. JOSHB. Glenn, D.M. Miller, S.S.; Habecker, M.A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the 1506 American Society for Horticultural Science. May 1987. V. 112 (3). p. 436-440. Includes Experiments in orchard soil management references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). fertilizers, mulches, and cover crops /R.C. Col 1 ison. Collison, R. C. 1884-. Geneva, N.Y. : New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1940. 1503 Cover title. 37 p. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 N48 (2) no.691 ) Effect of urea nitrogen on fruitful ness and fruit quality of Starkspur Golden Delicious apple trees. JPNUDS. Tami, M. Lombard, P.B.; Righetti, T.L. 1507 New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. 1986. v. 9 (1). p. 75-85. Fertigation of apples with nitrate or ammonium Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL nitrogen under drip irrigation. I. Tree QK867. J67) performance. CS0SA2. Klein, I. Spieler, G. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science and plant analysis. Mar 1987. v. 18 (3). p. 1504 311-322. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S590. C63) The effects of calcium and boron on apple trees when applied through microjet irrigation. TFHSA. Milne, C.G. Deyton, D.E.; Wolt, J.D. Knoxville, Tenn. : The Station. Tennessee farm 1508 - and home science : progress report Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. Spring 1988. Fertigation of apples with nitrate or ammonium (146). p. 19-23. ill. Includes references. (NAL nitrogen under drip irrigation. II. Nutrient Cal 1 No. : DNAL 100 T25F) distribution in the soil. CS0SA2. Klein, I. Spieler, G. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science and plant analysis. Mar 1987. v. 18 (3). p. 1505 323-339. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S590.C63) . Evaluation of four soil amendments in ameliorating toxic conditions in three orchard subsoi Is. AAREEZ. Baugher, T.A. Singh, R.N. New York, 1509 N.Y. Springer. Rock phosphate was compared to agricultural limestone, superphosphate, and Fertilizing fruit in small areas. lime plus superphosphate for controlling Al and Hayden, R.A. West Lafayette, Ind. : The Mn toxicities in orchard soils. Acid soils were Service. HO - Purdue University, Cooperative selected from orchards where fruit tree growth Extension Service. Mar 1987. (109, rev.). 2 p. was unfavorable, and "Delicious" apple (Malus (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB21.I6P8). domestica Borkh.) trees were planted in both pot cultures and field plots. Rock phosphate was effectively acidulated in Hagerstown silt 202 . , . . ) (SOIL FERTILITY - FERTILIZERS) 1510 DNAL QK867 . J67 ) Flowering of apple trees in the second year is increased by first-year P fertilization. HJHSA. Neilsen, G.H. Hogue, E.J.; Parchomchuk 1513 P. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1990. Growth of apple seedlings on sludge- amended V. 25 (10). p. 1247-1250. Includes references. soils in the greenhouse. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). CS0SA2. Korcak, R.F. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science and plant analysis. Oct 1986. v. 17 (10). p. 1041-1054. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1511 DNAL S590.C63). Fluidized bed material applied at disposal levels: effects on an apple orchard. JEVQAA. Korcak, R.F. Madison, Wis. : American 1514 Society of Agronomy. Atmospheric f 1 u i d i zed-bed combustion represents an economical technology Improving the growth of newly planted apple for the burning of high S fossil fuel. The trees. combustion residue is a dry, alkaline material HJHSA. Autio, W.R. Greene, D.W.; Cooley, D.R.; resulting from the burning of coal (or other Schupp, J.R. Alexandria, Va. : American Society fuel source) and limestone. Although the for Horticultural Science. Increasing the N residue has been assessed as a limestone application rate (in the form NH4N03) to newly substitute, the current study examines the planted 'Marshall Mc 1 ntosh ' /M . 9 apple (Malus potential for disposing of relatively large domestica, Borkh.) trees beyond 76 g N per tree quantities. Fluidized bed material (FBM) was per year reduced growth in the first two applied at two rates to the surface area within growing seasons. Peat moss or composted manure the rows of an established apple (Malus mixed into the planting hole of 'Royal domestica Borkh. ) orchard containing four tree Gala'/M.26 increased growth in the first types. The rates were either 9.2 kg/m2 (low growing season after planting. The soil -active rate), 36 kg/m2 (high rate), or untreated fungicides, fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl, increased control. The tree types used were 'Spuree Rome' trunk and shoot growth of 'Royal Gala'/M.26 in on M9 , 'Redchief Delicious' on M9 or M9/MM106, the first season after planting. Mulching and 'Sturdeespur Delicious' on M9 . Cumulative enhanced growth of 'Gala'/M.26 only in the yields (kg/tree) were enhanced on three of four third season after planting, a season during tree types over a period of 6 yr. A 15% which the region experienced a drought. reduction in yield was noted for Redchief Mulching significantly increased bloom on Delicious on M9/MM106 stocks at the high FBM 'Gala'/M.26 2 years after planting. The growth rate. No nutritional related problems were of 'Royal Gala'/M.26, 'Marshall Mcl ntosh'/M. 26. noted for this or any other of the the tree and 'Ace Del icious'/M. 26 was not affected by types used. Part of the yield reduction noted planting technique: planting by hand in 61 -cm was due to fruit size differences and/or augered holes vs. planting with a mechanical differential sensitivity of this tree planter. Chemical names used: 1 ) i nterstock/rootstock combination to the altered N- ( 2 , 6-di methy -phenyl -N- (methl oxyacetyl soil chemical properties. Generally, amended alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl); aluminum tris soil pH increased to about 7.0 for either rate, (0-ethyl phosphonate) (fosetyl-Al); 1 ' 1 ' -4-4 1 and electrical conductivity increased five fold 1 , -di methy -b i pyr i d n i urn ion (paraquat); at the high rate of FBM addition. Agricultural i sopropy 1 am i ne salt of N- ( phosphonomethy 1 ) . utilization of large volumes (up to 112 Mg/ha) glycine ( g 1 yphosate HortScience. July 1991. of FBM, compared to past research whereFBM was V. 26 (7). p. 840-843. Includes references. used as a lime substitute (2-6 mg/ha), appears (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). to be a feasible alternative. However, rootstock selection for apple may need to consider the resultant changes in soil chemical status from FBM additions. Journal of 1515 environmental quality. July/Sept 1988. v. 17 (3). p. 469-473. Includes references. (NAL Call Increasing the calcium content of apple fruits No. : DNAL OH540. J6) to improve storability and attenuate physiological disorders. ARHMA. Dilley, D.R. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State 1512 Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 195-207. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Fruit quality, growth, and phosphorus increased DNAL 81 M58) with mono - amnion i urn phosphate fertilization of 'Golden Delicious' apple trees in a low-phosphorus soi 1 dPNUDS. Raese, J.T. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of plant nutrition. Paper presented at the "Tenth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium," August 4-9, 1986, Beltsville, Maryland. 1987. v. 10 (9/16). p. 2007-2015. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 203 . . . . . (SOIL FERTILITY - FERTILIZERS) 1516 1519 Influence of call cum and mangnesium salts on Influence of various rates of Ca(N03)2 acid soil chemistry and calcium nutrition of fertilizer and soil management on young apple apple. trees SSSJD4. Pavan, M.A. Bingham, F.T.; Peryea, F.J. JOSHB. Miller, S.S. Glenn, D.M. Alexandria. Va. Madison, Wis. : The Society. Soil Science : The Society. Journal of the American Society Society of America journal. Nov/Dec 1987. v. 51 for Horticultural Science. Mar 1985. v. 110 (6). p. 1526-1530. Includes references. (NAL (2). p. 237-243. ill. Includes 33 references. Cal 1 No. : DNAL 56.9 S03 ) (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S0 1 2 ) 1517 1520 Influence of pruning and urea sprays on growth Nutrition and yield of young apple trees and fruiting of spur-bound Delicious' apple irrigated with municipal waste water. trees JOSHB. Neilsen, G.H. Stevenson, D.S.; JOSHB. Ferree, D.C. Forshey, C.G. Alexandria, Fitzpatrick, J.J.; Brownlee, C.H. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Spur quality and leaf Va. The Society. 'Macspur Mcintosh' and 'Red nutritional levels were determined in vsi^rious Chief Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) canopy sections of mature spur-bound on M.7a rootstock were subjected to treatments 'Del icious' -type apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Involving all combinations of two types of trees and then various pruning and foliar urea irrigation water (well-water or municipal treatments were applied to alter growth and effluent) from 1983, the year of planting, improve fruit size. Fruit size declined from through 1987 and three rates of N fertilization the top to the bottom of the canopy of mature (O, 200, 400 g NH4N03/tree per year), from 1984 spur-bound 'Starkrimson Delicious' trees with a through 1987. The zero N treatment was similar pattern in the following criteria: leaf increased to 100 g NH4N03/tree per year in 1986 area/spur, spur specific leaf weight, and spur due to low vigor of these trees. Effluent bud diameter. Spur leaf area was higher in the Irrigation increased leaf N, P, and K top center and east sections than in the top concentration in 4 of 5 years for 'Mcintosh', south. Spur bud diameter in the bottom third of while leaf N, P. and K increased 1n 1, 4, and 2 the canopy was highest in the north and east years, respectively, for 'Delicious'. Effluent sections, lowest in the central section, and Irrigation increased trunk diameter increment intermediate in the south and west sections. in all years and fruit number and yield in Concentrations of leaf Mn, Zn, B, Al , and Na 1985-86 for both cultivars. No major tended to increase from the top to the bottom horticultural limitations to the use of of the canopy. Four urea sprays (6 g effluent irrigation were observed. Nitrogen urea/ liter) during the cell division period of fertilization increased leaf N in 3 years for fruit growth had little influence on spur 'Mcintosh' and 2 years for 'Delicious', while quality, but fruit weight was increased 3 leaf P and K were decreased at the highest N successive years. Spur pruning of 25-year-old rate in 2 years for each cultivar. Nitrogen 'Starkrimson Delicious' trees was not fertilization did not increase trunk diameter sufficient to increase shoot growth or improve and increased fruit number and yield only in spur quality, but heading back into 2-year-old 1986 after 3 years of a zero N treatment. The wood plus spur pruning increased shoot number results implied a role for P in the by 38%. Spur and heading-back pruning increased establishment and early growth and yield of the number of shoots and total shoot leaf area young apple trees. Journal of the American of 13-year-old 'Red Chief Delicious' trees, and Society for Horticultural Science. May 1989. v. the combination of both pruning types led to 114 (3). p. 377-383. Includes references. (NAL the greatest Increase. Heading-back of the Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . younger trees Increased leaf area of both shoots and spurs and spur pruning also increased leaf area/spur. Heading-back pruning increased average fruit weight, and the 1521 Increase was positively correlated with total leaf area, shoot leaf area, and number of shoot Phosphate-f ertn Izer- Induced salt toxicity of leaves/mm of branch circumference. Journal of newly planted apple trees. the American Society for Horticultural Science. SSSJD4. Peryea, F.J. Madison, Wis. : The Sept 1988. V. 113 (5). p. 699-703. Includes Society. Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) or triple references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). superphosphate (TSP) added to planting holes often stimulates early growth of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.); however, high rates may stunt or kill trees. A greenhouse study was 1518 conducted on a Quincy sand (a mixed, mesic (a Xeric Tor r i psamment ) and a Cowiche silt loam Influence of soil on fruit production. fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aridic Argixeroll) to NEMFA. Veneman, P.L.M. North Amherst, Mass. examine effects of soil type, P source (MAP or The Association. New England fruit meetings ... TSP), and P rate (0-2.75 kg P/m3) on soil Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - salinity, soil acidity, and apple tree growth Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. in nonleaching soil systems during a 56-d V. 93. p. 56-60. Includes references. (NAL Call period after planting. Rootstock and old scion No. : DNAL 81 M384) masses were not affected by soil type or P 204 . . . . . (SOIL FERTILITY - FERTILIZERS) treatments. In the Quincy sand, new scion mass exceeded that of cuttings. The growth rate of and root mass were inversely related to P rate both sources of rootstocks increased in in both MAP- and TSP-amended soil; tree death response to added P and N. Growth of scion occurred at P rates above 1.65 kg/m3. In the shoots ('Royal Gala') increased in response to Cowiche soil, root mass was independent of and N. Branch production of 'Royal Gala' was new scion mass was inversely related to P rate. greater for trees with the higher P and N At equivalent P rates, TSP produced lower soil rates. Trees on tissue-cultured rootstocks had salinity and greater soil acidity than MAP. For more branches than those on cutting-derived a given P source, soil salinity and acidity rootstocks at the higher level of N. were positively related to P rate. Soil HortScience. Nov 1991. v. 26 (11). p. salinity decreased and soil pH increased over 1416-1419. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: time. Relative new scion mass was inversely DNAL SB1 .H6) related to t i me- i ntegrated soil salinity; 1 however, the relationships were so i -spec i f i c Total exchangeable soil acidity was positively 1 related to P rate and was so i -dependent 1525 Exchangeable soil Al was detected only at the two highest TSP rates in the Quincy soil. Recent British Columbia research on zinc Indirect evidence suggested that Mn, NHS, and nutri tion. N02 phy totox i c i t i es and any nutrient PWHAA. Neilson, G.H. Wenatchee, Wash. : The deficiencies were absent. The results suggest Association. Proceedings - Washington State that transient soil salinization is the primary Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. mechanism for MAP- and TSP- induced apple tree 233-235. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). phytotoxici ty. Soil Science Society of America journal. Nov/Dec 1990. v. 54 (6). p. 1778-1783. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 56.9 SOS) . 1526 Renovation of a pear orchard site with sludge connpost 1522 CS0SA2. Korcak, R.F. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science and Phosphorous nutrition in Washington tree fruit plant analysis. Nov 1986. v. 17 (11). p. orchards 1159-1168. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: PWHAA. Peryea, F.J. Wenatchee, Wash. : The DNAL S590.C63). Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. 225-227. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 1527 Response of 'Delicious' apple trees in the greenhouse to rates and forms of nitrogen and 1523 phosphorus in a 1ow-phosphorus soil. HJHSA. Raese, J.T. Alexandria, Va. : American Phosphorus research on tree fruits in British Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Columbia, Canada. Apr 1985. V. 20 (2). p. 234-236. Includes 22 PWHAA. Neil sen, G.H. Wenatchee, Wash. : The references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. 230-232. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 1528 Seasonal variation in leaf zinc concentration 1524 of apples receiving dormant zinc. HJHSA. Neilsen, G.H. Alexandria, Va . : American Rapid production methods for Ottawa-3 rootstock Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. and branched apple nursery stock. Feb 1988. v. 23 (1). p. 130-132. Includes HJHSA. Hogue, E.J. Nellsen, D. Alexandria, Va. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). : American Society for Horticultural Science. A system for the rapid production of Ottawa-3 (0.3) rootstock (Malus domestica Borkh.) and branched apple nursery stock in the greenhouse 1529 is described. The time required for production of a finished tree, approximately 1 year, Soil disinfection and monoammonium phosphate compared favorably with traditional methods. fertilization increase precocity of apples on Cuttings derived from tissue-cultured 0.3 replant problem soils. rootstocks rooted well (up to 94% success JOSHB. Neilsen, G.H. Yorston, J. Alexandria, rate), and the rooting effect persisted in Va. : The Society. In an apple (Malus domestica cuttings from tissue-cultured rootstocks grown Borkh.) orchard with a severe replant problem, for 1 year in the field. All combinations of tree size was increased by the 2nd year and two levels of N and P in a Long Ashton nutrient number of fruit by the 3rd year by treating the solution were applied weekly to pots containing planting hole soil with formalin or mancozeb either tissue-cultured rootstocks or cuttings. plus monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer. The growth rate of tissue-cultured rootstocks Growth increases were evident each year for 4 205 . (SOIL FERTILITY - FERTILIZERS) years only for the MAP + formalin treatment. In a second orchard, with a less severe replant problem, p 1 ant i ng - ho 1 e treatment with formalin or dazomet + MAP increased tree size by year 2. Number of fruit in year 2 was increased by formalin and mancozeb + NM treatments, although this effect persisted in year 3 only for mancozeb + MAP. Leaf P concentrations were increased to high values in the first year by NM fertilization but declined in subsequent years. Leaf Mn concentration also increased in oneorchard, a consequence of f ert i 1 i zer- i nduced acidification of planting hole soil and Mn uptake from the fungicide mancozeb. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, duly 1991. V. 116 (4). p. 651-654. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 1530 Some soil quality factors in relation to rep 1 ant PWHAA. Smith, T.J. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 146-151. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 1531 Tree nitrogen status and leaf canopy position influence postharvest nitrogen accumulation and efflux from pear leaves. JOSHB. Sanchez, E.E. Righetti, T.L. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. 'Comice' pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) were fertilized with ammonium nitrate depleted in 15N in Spring 1987 and 1988. In Aug., Oct., and Nov. 1988, midleaves on current season shoots were sampled at three positions from the periphery to the center of the canopy. Total N/cm2 of leaf area remained almost constant through October, even though percent N concentration declined as specific leaf weight (SLW) increased. Furthermore, there was no substantial net change in either labeled or unlabeled N in either treatment until senescence began in October. Peripheral leaves contained higher levels of both reserve and newly acquired N than did less-exposed leaves. Despite large differences in N/cm2 for October samples, by November leaves from both high (HN) and low N (LN) trees exported similar percentages of their total N. The average N export to storage tissues irrespective of tree N status was 71%, 61%, and 52% for peripheral, medium, and interior leaves, respectively. The export of N was influenced more by the leaf position in the plant canopy than the nutritional status of the tree. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1990. V. 115 (6). p. 934-937. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 206 . . . . ) , SOIL CULTIVATION 1532 1538 Apple production without alar. Growing quality apples without a1ar. ARHMA. Hull, J. Jr. East Lansing. Mich. : The Williams, K.M. Pullman, Wash. : Washington Society. Annual report - Michigan State State University Cooperative Extension. Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. 115-119. Postharvest pomology newsletter. May 1989. v. 7 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) (1). p. 14-15. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP440.P67). 1533 1539 Control of RoselHnia necatrix in soil and in Improving the growth of newly planted apple apple orchard by solarization and Trichoderma trees harzi anum. HJHSA. Autio, W.R. Greene. D.W.; Cooley. D.R.; PLDRA. Sztejnberg, A. Freeman, S.; Chet, I.; Schupp. J.R. Alexandria. Va. : American Society Katan, J. St. Paul. Minn. : American for Horticultural Science. Increasing the N Phytopathol ogical Society. Plant disease. Apr application rate (in the form NH4N03) to newly 1987. V. 71 (4). p. 365-369. Includes planted 'Marshall Mcl ntosh ' /M . 9 apple (Malus references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). domestica, Borkh. ) trees beyond 76 g N per tree per year reduced growth in the first two growing seasons. Peat moss or composted manure mixed into the planting hole of 'Royal 1534 Gala'/M.26 increased growth in the first growing season after planting. The soil-active Diversification of agricultural 1 andscapes--a fungicides, fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl, increased vital element for pest control in sustainable trunk and shoot growth of 'Royal Gala'/M.26 in agricul ture. the first season after planting. Mulching Altieri, M.A. East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan enhanced growth of 'Gala'/M.26 only in the State University Press. 1985. Sustainable third season after planting, a season during agriculture & integrated farming systems : 1984 which the region experienced a drought. conference proceedings / edited by Thomas C. Mulching significantly increased bloom on Edens, Cynthia Fridgen, Susan L. Battenfield. 'Gala'/M.26 2 years after planting. The growth p. 166-184. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: of 'Royal Gala'/M.26, 'Marshall Mc 1 ntosh ' /M . 26 DNAL S441 . S8) . and 'Ace Del i c i ous ' /M . 26 was not affected by planting technique: planting by hand in 61-cm augered holes vs. planting with a mechanical tree planter. Chemical names used: ) 1535 N-(2,6-di methyl -pheny 1 -N- ( methl oxyacety 1 alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl); aluminum tris The effect of orchard floor management on tree (0-ethyl phosphonate) (fosetyl-Al); 1 ' ' growth. 1 , -d i methyl -4-4 -bi pyr i di n i urn ion (paraquat); ARHMA. Parker. M. Hull. J. Jr. East Lansing, i sopropy 1 am i ne salt of N- ( phosphonomethy 1 - Mich. : The Society. Annual report Michigan glycine (gl yphosate) . HortScience. July 1991. State Horticultural Society. 1989. (119). p. V. 26 (7). p. 840-843. Includes references. 80-88. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 1536 1540 Estimated cost of replanting to a high density Irrigation systems and water management Fuji apple orchard on full dwarf rootstock in cons i derat i ons central Washington. PWHAA. Ley. T.W. Wenatchee. Wash. : The WUEXA. Hinman, H. Peterson, B.; Williams, K.; Association. Proceedings - Washington State Maib, K. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. Extension bulletin - Washington State 151-162. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). University, Cooperative Extension Service. Includes statistical data. Aug 1991. (1635). 34 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P) . 1541 The mechanism of regulation of 'Bartlett' pear fruit and vegetative growth by irrigation 1537 withholding and regulated deficit irrigation. JOSHB. Chalmers. D.J. Surge. G. ; Jerie, P.H.; Experiments in orchard soil management Mitchell, P.D. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. fertilizers, mulches, and cover crops /R.C. Journal of the American Society for Col 1 ison. Horticultural Science. Nov 1986. v. Ill (6). p. Collison, R. C. 1884-. Geneva. N.Y. : New York 904-907. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: State Agricultural Experiment Station. 1940. DNAL 81 S012). Cover title. 37 p. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 N48 (2) no.691 ) 207 . . . , (SOIL CULTIVATION) 1542 1546 An overview of replant problems. The use of initial withholding or irrigation PWHAA. Stevens, R.G. Wenatchee, Wash. : The and tree spacing to enhance the effect of Association. Proceedings - Washington State regulated deficit irrigation on pear trees. Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. JOSHB. Mitchell, P.O. Chalmers, D.J.; Jerie, 132-142. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). P.H.; Burge, G. Alexandria, Va . : The Society Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov 1986. v. Ill (6). 858-861. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1543 DNAL 81 S012). Replanting old orchard soi1s--a panel. PWHAA. Tvergyak, P. Stevens, B.; Slykhuis, J.; Smith, T.; Ley, T.; Barritt, B.H. Wenatchee, 1547 - Wash. : The Association. Proceedings Washington State Horticultural Association. Variety, rootstock and orchard system 1985. (81st). p. 131-169. ill. (NAL Call No.: considerations. DNAL 81 W273) PWHAA. Barritt, B.H. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 163-169. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 1544 Root -lesion nematodes, potassium deficiency, and prior cover crops as factors in apple 1548 replant disease. JOSHB. Merwin, I. A. Stiles, W.C. Alexandria, Yield and fruit quality of apple trees under Va. The Society. Growth chamber evaluations three high density management systems. of soil from an orchard replant site showed FVRJA. Blizzard, S.H. Singha, S.; Baugher severe stunting of 'Northern Spy' apple (Malus T.A.; Cayton, B.D. University Park, Pa. : domestica Borkh.) seedlings grown in field soil American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties (FS) compared with pasteurized soil (PS) from journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. 67-72. the same site. The FS : PS seedling dry weight Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 ratio of 0.44 indicated a serious replant F9464 ) problem. Leaf nutrient content was generally higher in PS than FS seedlings. Multiple-regression analysis indicated that leaf K and root-lesion nematode ( Praty 1 enchus penetrans Filipjev) primary inoculum accounted for 75% of the variation in FS seedling dry weight. Apple seedling dry weight in FS was 97% of that in PS following a marigold (Tagetes patula L. cv. Sparky) cover crop, and 75% following oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Saia). Root-lesion nematodes were nearly eliminated from the plots with marigold. Other cover crops and weed-free fallow period were less effective in controlling apple replant disease and/or phy tonematodes . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1989. v. 114 (5). p. 728-732. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 81 S012) 1545 Trends of product 1 on , cu 1 1 i vars and p 1 ant i ng systems on apples and pears in western Europe. FVRJA. Winter, F. Welte, M. University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Apr 1988. v. 42 (2). p. 44. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 208 . . . . FORESTRY RELATED 1549 1551 Effect of trap design, trap height, and habitat Flatheaded apple tree borer (Coleoptera: on the capture of sap beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in nursery-grown red maples: Nitidulidae) using whole-wheat bread dough. phenology of emergence, treatment timing, and JEENAI. Peng, C. Williams, R.N. Lanham, Md. : response to stressed trees. Entomological Society of America. Nine trap Potter, D.A. Timmons, G.M.; Gordon, F.C. designs were compared for capturing sap Washington, D.C. : Horticultural Research beetles: Lindgren funnel, Multi-Pher I, Institute. Journal of environmental Skalbeck, Unitrap, Japanese beetle, liquid, horticulture. Mar 1988. v. 6 (1). p. 18-22. water pan, cone, and McPhail. The Lindgren Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL i funnel was most effective for Gl schroch i 1 us SB1 . J66) fasciatus (Olivier) and G. i s quadr i gnatus (Say). The Lindgren funnel, Multi-Pher, Skalbeck, moth, and liquid trap all caught equal numbers of Carpophilus lugubris Murray. 1552 The Skalbeck is recommended because of its low i cost. G. fasciatus, G. quadr s i gnatus , and C. Population cycles of western tent caterpillars: lugubris flew to higher traps in apple orchards experimental introductions and synchrony of than in open grassy areas. Journal of economic fluctuations. v. entomology. Oct 1991. 84 (5). p. 1515-1519. ECOLA. Myers, J.H. Tempe, Ariz. : The Society. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 Ecology : a publication of the Ecological J822) . Society of America. June 1990. v. 71 (3). p. 986-995. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 410 EC7) 1550 Fall migration, hibernation site selection, and 1553 associated winter mortality of plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curcul ionidae) in a Quebec Apple Population dynamics and diversity of orchard. Pseudomonas syrinage on maple and pear trees JEENAI. Lafleur, G. Hill, S.B.; Vincent, C. and associated grasses. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. PHYTAJ. Malvick, O.K. Moore, L.W. St. Paul, In fall, greater than 5,000 labeled (65Zn) Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. The adult plum curculio (PC), Conotrachel us number of epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae nenuphar (Herbst), were released in two isolated from maple twigs and leaves between orchards, two woodlots, and 16 microplots in a July 1985 and September 1986 was erratic plowed field. From orchards, most PC migrated (undetectable to 10(5) cfu/g), whereas the toward high tree silhouettes at the edge of number isolated from pear was more stable and woodlots unless they occurred to the north. often higher (10(3) to 10(6) cfu/g). P. Most PC (83%) released within woodlots, with no syringae was isolated consistently (about directional differences in tree silhousette, 10(4)-10(7) cfu/g) from perennial rye, orchard, migrated south. Migration was influenced by red fescue, annual rye, and brome grasses woodlots, with no directional differences in growing among trees in the maple nursery and tree silhouette, migrated south. Migration was from perennial rye grass in the pear orchard. influenced by woodlot type and direction. Where In greenhouse pathogenicity tests, 87% of the woodlots had a thin litter layer, PC remained P. syringae isolates from maple trees was at the edge or returned to the orchard. In a pathogenic in maple seedlings, whereas 15% of field choice experiment, hibernating PC were the isolates from pear trees was pathogenic in recovered in thick litter (86%) and orchard young pear trees. Of the isolates tested from turf (14%) plots, whereas none were found in grasses, 55% from the maple nursery was gravel and thin litter layer plots. In field pathogenic in maple seedlings, and 29% from conditions, most PC hibernated within the grass in the pear orchard was pathogenic in litter layer; very few (less than 1%) young pear trees. These data indicate that penetrated the soil. Survival was related to grasses and trees support reservoirs of preferred microhabitat type. Speed of inoculum of pathogenic P. syringae. Indigenous dispersion was highest just after release in isolates from a maple nursery were variable early September (3 m per insect per day) and relative to pathogenicity and DNA close to zero by mid-October. Females dispersed restriction-fragment analysis, indicating that further than males. A pathogenic fungus and epiphytic populations of P. syringae from the bacterium were isolated from diseased PC. grasses and trees were heterogenous. Nontarget organisms contaminated with 65Zn Phytopathology. Oct 1988. v. 78 (10). p. included spiders, slugs, earthworms, and birds. 1366-1370. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Implications for control and future research No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) are discussed. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1987. v. 80 (6). p. 1152-1172. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) 209 . . ' . . (FORESTRY RELATED) 1554 economic entomology. Apr 1991. v. 84 (2). p. 587-592. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Spring migration, wi thi n-orchard dispersal, and DNAL 421 J822 ) app1e-tree preference of plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curcul ionidae) in southern Quebec. JEENAI. Lafleur, G. Hill, S.B. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Labeled 1556 (65Zn) adult plum curculio (PC), Conotrachel us nenuphar (Herbst), that migrated to adjacent Use of thematic mapper data for the detection woodlots in fall 1982 reinfested the orchard in of forest damage caused by the pear thrlps. spring 1983. Spring migration is thought to RSEEA. Vogelmann, J.E. Rock, B.N. New York, include both a mass migration in a preferred N.Y. Elsevier Science Publishing. Remote direction (the reverse of fall migration sensing of environment. Dec 1989. v. 30 (3). p. direction) and an exploratory component by 217-225. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL which PC seek optimal feeding and oviposition Cal 1 No. : DNAL 0184. R4) sites. A northwestern tendency was observed among PC migrating in one orchard in spring. PC were most active between 12 May (before tight cluster) and 27 June (June drop), with the 1557 highest speed of dispersion (4.4 m per insect per day) at fruit set. After emergence and Variation in ribosomal DNA among biological migration to host trees, PC were found on the species of Armillarla, a genus of ground under apple trees, individually and in root- infecting fungi. groups of up to 14 with equal numbers of each EVOLA. Anderson, J.B. Bailey, S.S.; Pukkila, sex. As the growing season progressed, PC moved P.J. Lawrence, Kan. : Society for the Study of from outside rows adjacent to woodlots toward Evolution. Evolution. Dec 1989. v. 43 (8). p. the center of the orchard, possibly searching 1652-1662. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call for food, oviposition sites, and trees offering No. : DNAL 443.8 EV62) . sufficient protection from desiccation. PC were more abundant in the southeastern part of the orchard and on early cultivars of trees with dense foliage. Implications for control and future research are discussed. Journal of economic entomology. Dec 1987. v. 80 (6). p. 1173-1187. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) 1555 Susceptibility of selected shade and flowering trees to gypsy moth ( Lepidoptera: Lymantri Idae) JEENAI. Peterson, N.C. Smitley, D.R. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Twenty-one shade and flowering trees were planted in a cultivated opening surrounded on three sides by gypsy moth- i nf ested forest stands. Three Malus cultivars, Salix babylonica, Acer platanoides 'Royal Red' and 'Crimson Sentry,' and Prunus cerasifera 'Thundercloud' were the most heavily defoliated (30-70%) each year. Acer rubrum 'Northwood' and , 'October Glory,' Tilia cordata ' Greensp i re and Tilia americana suffered low to moderate defoliation (4-20%). Acer platanoides 'Emerald Queen,' Acer saccharinum, Fraxinus pennsy 1 van i ca 'Marshall Seedless,' Platanus X acerifolia 'Bloodgood,' Pyrus calleryana 'Redspire,' Acer platanoides 'Deborah,' Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan,' Gleditsia triacanthos var. imermis 'Sunburst,' and Magnolia X soulangiana lost <4.0% of their foliage because of gypsy moth feeding injury. A wide range of host plant resistance levels among cultivars of A. platanoides and species of Acer and Prunus indicates a need for evaluating cultivars of shade trees susceptible to gypsy moth. In a separate study at the same site, Acer rubrum 'Northwood' planted in the cultivated opening was more heavily defoliated (14.4%>) by gypsy moth larvae than similar trees planted in the adjacent forest stand (6.6%). Journal of 210 . FOREST INJURIES AND PROTECTION 1558 Glyphosate applications to the bark of nine tree species. PNWSB. Kuhns. L.J. College Park, Md. : The Society. Proceedings of the annual meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society. Meeting held January 6-9, 1992, Boston, Massachusetts. 1992. V. 46. p. 23-26. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 79.9 N814) \ 211 . .: ' . . . . . ENTOMOLOGY RELATED 15S9 1562 Abundance and identification of the leaf mining Artificial oviposition sphere for Mediterranean guild on apple in the Mid-Atlantic States. fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in field GRLEA. Brown, M.W. East Lansing, Mich. cages Michigan Entomological Society. The Great Lakes JEENAI. Mclnnis, D.O. Lanham, Md entomologist. Winter 1990. v. 23 (4). p. Entomological Society of America. Colored, 179-188. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: polyethylene plastic balls were modified to DNAL QL461 . M5 ) serve as oviposition devices for a laboratory strain of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in the laboratory and the field. In outdoor field 1560 cages, large balls (100 mm diameter) yielded significantly more eggs than small balls (2S mm Acarlcide bioassays with spider mites (Acari diameter) for all four colors tested (black, Tetranychidae) on pome fruits: evaluation of red, yellow, and blue). Blue and yellow balls methods and selection of discriminating yielded fewer eggs than black or red balls for concentrations for resistance monitoring. small and medium (50 mm diameter) sizes, JEENAI. Knight, A.L. Beers. E.H.; Hoyt, S.C.; whereas numbers oviposited in black, red, and Riedl, H. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society yellow spheres were not significantly different of America. Leaf disk bioassays with the for numbers laid in the large size. Twice as acaricides avermectin B1, fenbutatin oxide, and many eggs were laid into large balls when guava hexythiazox were conducted with the mite juice was used as an attractant as compared species Panonychus ulmi(Koch), Tetranychus with water. Large black or red balls with guava urticae Koch, and T. mcdanieli McGregor juice gave roughly as many eggs as did Golden collected from apple andpear orchards in Delicious' apples, and three times as many eggs Washington. The effects of length of the as did Red Delicious' apples. Laboratory flies bioassay period and inclusion of mite walk-off oviposited three times as many eggs into large in mortality used to estimate LCSO's with yellow balls with guava juice as did wild flies fenbutatin oxide and avermectin Blwere reared in fruit. Journal of economic examined. Correlations between LCSO's after 48 entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (S). p. 1382-1385. and 72 h were significant with bothchemi cal s ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL However, large decreases in LC50's with 421 J822). fenbutatin oxide from 48 to 72 h i ndicatedthat the longer time allowed a more complete assessment of mite mortality. Comparisonof results from closed double-leaf and open 1563 single-leaf bioassays with fenbutatin ox i desuggested that mite walk-off should be Behavioral interactions among formicid species included in mortality counts. Significant in the ant mosaic of an organic pear orchard. differences inLCSO's were found among mite PPETA9. Paulson, G.S. Akre, R.D. San Francisco, species for hexythiazox and avermectin S'1 , but Calif. Pacific Coast Entomological Society. not w i thf enbutat i n oxide. P. ulmi was 20 and 2 The Pan-Pacific entomologist. Oct 1991. v. 67 times more tolerant to hexythiazox and (4). p. 288-297. Includes references. (NAL Call avermectin 81, respectively, than the two No. : DNAL 421 P193) . Tetranychus species. Correlations among LCSO's for acar i c i desw i th i n each species were not significant. In addition, partial correlations for species were not significant with LCSO's 1564 for fenbutatin oxide and hexythiazox and fenbutatin oxide andavermect i n B1. Effect of three plant species on population Discriminating concentrations for detection of densities of Xiphinema americanum and Xiphinema incipient levels of resistance for hexythiazox rivesi were established for each species. JONEB. Georgi, L.L. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of Discriminating concentrations also were Nematol ogi sts . Journal of nematology. July selectedfor the two Tetranychus species for 1988. V. 20 (3). p. 474-477. Includes avermectin 81. Journal of economic entomology. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL39 1 . N4 J62 ) Oct 1990. V. 83 (S). p. 1752-1760. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 d822). 1565 1561 Effects of experience on oviposition and attraction in Drosophila: comparing apples and Apterona helix (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), a oranges palearctic bagworm moth in North America: new AMNTA. Hoffmann, A. A. Chicago, 111. : distribution records, seasonal history, and University of Chicago Press. The American host plants. naturalist. July 1985. v. 126 (1). p. 41-51. PESWA. Wheeler, A.G. Jr. Hoebeke, E.R. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 470 Washington, D.C. : The Society. Proceedings of AM36) . the Entomological Society of Washington. Jan 1988. V. 90 (1). p. 20-27. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 W27). 212 ...... c (ENTOMOLOGY RELATED) 1566 1571 Experiments on the release of a strain of the Learning of apple fruit biotypes by apple predatory mite Metaseiulus occidental is Nesbitt maggot f 1 i es resistant to organophosphorus preparations in JIBEE8. Prokopy, R.J. Papaj , D.R. New York, Crimean agrocenoses (Pest of the red apple mite N.Y. : Plenum Publishing. Journal of insect Panonychus ulmi ) behavior. Jan 1988. v. 1 (1). p. 67-74. 1 Z i 'bermi nts , I.V. Kuznetsov, N.N.; Petrushov, Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL A.Z.; Fadeev, YU.N. New York, Allerton Press. 0L496. J68) Soviet agriculture sciences. 1978. 1978. (8). p. 18-20. in. 5 ref. (NAL Call No.: S1.S68). 1572 1567 Location and survival of pear psylla eggs on pear budwood. Flight period and seasonal development of the WSEPA. Horton, D.R. Pullman, Wash. : The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) Society. Proceedings of the Washington State (Diptera: Tephri tidae) , in Oregon. Entomological Society. Meeting held on April AESAAI. Aliniazee, M.T. Westcott, R.L. College and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Washington. Park, Md. : The Society. Annals of the 1988. (50). p. 865-866. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Entomological Society of America. Nov 1987. v. QL461 .W3) 80 (6). p. 823-828. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 EN82). 1573 1568 Microgeographic genetic variation in the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella. The geographic pattern of genetic GENTA. McPheron, B.A. Smith, D.C.; Berlocher, differentiation between host associated S.H. Baltimore, Md. : Genetics Society of populations of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: America. Abstract: We examined el ectrophoret i Tephri tidae) in the eastern United States and variability at five enzyme loci in the apple Canada maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, on a EVOLA. Feder, d.L. Chilcote, C.A.; Bush, G.L. microgeographic scale. Treating flies from Lawrence, Kan. : Society for the Study of individual hawthron trees as separate Evolution. Evolution. May 1990. v. 44 (3). p. populations, we estimated F(st) values from 570-594. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call allele frequencies. The results indicate that No. : DNAL 443.8 EV62) there is significant allele frequency heterogeneity among fly populations over a small spatial scale at some loci but not at others. This variation among loci in degree of 1569 differentiation is itself statistically significant, casting doubt on the role of Head capsule widths as an indicator of the genetic drift in maintaining the heterogeneity larval instar of codling moth ( Lepidoptera: There is also heterogeneity betweenyears in Olethreutidae) flies from a given tree. These data provide a GRLEA. Weitzner, P. Whalon, M.E. East Lansing, baseline with which future work on genetic Mich. : Michigan Entomological Society. The differentiation among apple maggot populations Great Lakes entomologist. Autumn 1987. v. 20 associated with different species of host (3). p. 147-150. Includes references. (NAL Call plants may be compared. Genetics. June 1988. v No. : DNAL 0L461 .M5) 119 (2). p. 445-451. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 442.8 G28 ) 1570 1574 Labeling tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with rubidium: effect on Morphological variation in Xiphinema spp. from development, longevi-ky, and fecundity. New York orchards. AESAAI. Knight, A.L. Hull. L.A.; Rajotte, E.G.; JQNEB. Georgi , L.L. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of Fleischer, S.J. Lanham, Md. : The Society. Nematol ogi sts . Journal of nematology. Jan 1988 Annals of the Entomological Society of America. V. 20 (1). p. 47-57. maps. Includes references July 1989. V. 82 (4). p. 481-485. Includes (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L39 1 . N4 J62 ) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 EN82). 213 ...... (ENTOMOLOGY RELATED) 1575 Evolution. Evolution. May 1990. v. 44 (3). p. 595-608. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Overwintering of Phyl lonorycter blancardella DNAL 443.8 EV62) . ( Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) and its parasites, Pholetesor ornigis and Pholetesor pedias (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in southwestern Ontario. 1581 EVETEX. Laing, J.E. Heraty. J.M. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Seasonal changes in resightings of marked, wild Environmental entomology. Oct 1987. v. 16 (5). Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) p. 1157-1162. Includes references. (NAL Call f 1 ies in nature. No. : DNAL 0L461 . E532) FETMA. Opp, S.B. Prokopy, R.J. Gainesville, Fla. Florida Entomological Society. Florida entomologist. Dec 1987. v. 70 (4). p. 449-456. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 1576 F662) Parasites associated with lepidopterous leaf miners on apple in northeastern Wisconsin. JEENAI. Oatman, E.R. College Park, Md. 1582 Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1985. v. 78 (5). p. Seasonality of mating and ovarian development 1063-1066. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: in overwintering Cacopsylla pyricola DNAL 421 J822) ( Homoptera : Psy 1 1 i dae ) EVETEX. Krysan, J.L. Higbee, B.S. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), overwinters as 1577 an adult in reproductive diapause that is initiated and maintained by short photoperiod. Parasitoid fauna of two Phyl lonorycter spp. In autumn, females have immature ovaries and (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 lari idae) on wild cherries, few are mated. Coincident with warm field and similarity to fauna of apple leafminers. termperatures in late winter, their ovaries AESAAI. Maier, C.T. College Park, Md. : The mature and most of them become mated. The mean Society. Annals of the Entomological Society of number of spermatophores per female varied from America. May 1988. v. 81 (3). p. 460-466. 5.3 to 16.5 (range, 0-63) among populations Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 from three orchards sampled in the spring. EN82) Newly emerged 1 aboratory- reared winterform (diapause) males have active sperm in the testes and seminal vesicles. In autumn, field-collected winterform males have sperm in 1578 the siminal vesicles, but the rate of insemination of females is very low if males Premating and postmating isolation among are held in the laboratory under short populations of Metaseiulus occidental is photoperiod of 10:14 (L:D). The rate of (Nesbitt) (Acarina: Phytosei idae) insemination increases greatly after such males HILGA. Hoy, M.A. Cave, F.E. Berkeley, Calif. are conditioned at a long photoperiod of 16:8 California Agricultural Experiment Station. (L:D) for about 10 d. As winter progresses, Hilgardia : a journal of agricultural science. there is a decrease in the duration of the Nov 1988. V. 56 (6). p. 1-20. ill. Includes conditioning required to permit mating. The references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 C12H). ability of males to mate with females appears to be under control of the diapause syndrome. Environmental entomology. June 1990. v. 19 (3). p. 544-550. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1579 DNAL 0L461 . E532) Prior experience influences the fruit residence of male apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonel la. 1583 JIBEE8. Prokopy, R.J. Cooley, S.S.; Opp, S.B. New York, N.Y. Plenum Publishing, Journal of Seasonality of mating and reproduction in pear insect behavior. Jan 1989. v. 2 (1) . p. 39-48. psyl la. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL WSEPA. Krysan, J.L. Higbee, B.S. Pullman, Wash. QL496. J68) : The Society. Proceedings of the Washington State Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Washington. 1988. (50). p. 866. (NAL Call No.: 1580 DNAL 0L461 .W3) Regional, local and microgeographic allele frequency variation between apple and hawthorn populations of Rhagoletis pomonella in western Michigan. EVOLA. Feder, J.L. Chilcote, C.A.; Bush, G.L. Lawrence, Kan. : Society for the Study of 214 . . : (ENTOMOLOGY RELATED) 1584 Use of Osmla lignaria propinqua ( Hymenoptera Megachi 1 Idae) as a mobile pollinator of orchard crops EVETEX. Torchio, P.F. Lanham. Md. Entomological Society of America. The development of intensive agricultural practices in areas that include cross-pollinated crops requires the introduction of large numbers of pollinating insects only during short flowering periods. The pollination efficacy of one pollinator, Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, would be greatly Improved if nesting populations could be successfully transported from crop to crop. Results of a 5-yr study that was focused on this subject are summarized as follows. Two studies involved moving individual nest blocks various distances within orchards, two additional experiments tested the possibility of moving bees nesting in small nest shelters greater distances during active nesting periods, and one study tested transport of bees nesting in large nest shelters constructed on flat-bed trailers. All of the transported bees in the first four experiments abandoned established nests immediately after they were moved, and none of these bees reestablished nesting within the confines of experimental plots. Conversely, > 85% of females nesting in trailer-shelters continued to nest uninterruptedly after these large nest shelters were moved. Two additional Osmia species were also successfully transported when these large trailer-shelters were moved. A short discussion of nest orientation requirements expressed by Osmia is included. Environmental entomology. Apr 1991. v. 20 (2). p. 590-596. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 . E532) 215 . . . APICULTURE RELATED 1585 Guard against bee kill. Seaman. A. Kuhn, E.; Riedl. H. Willoughby. Ohio : Meister Publishing Company. American fruit grower. Mar 1985. v. 105 (3). p. 13. ill. (NAL Can No. : DNAL 80 G85) 1586 Perennial diversionary planting designed to reduce pesticide mortality of honey bees in apple orchards. ABOOA. Ayers, G.S. Wroblewska, A.; Hoopi ngarner , R.A. Hamilton, 111. : Dadant & Sons. American bee journal. Apr 1991. v. 131 (4). p. 241-252. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 424.8 AM3) 1587 Toxicity of fungicides and an acaride to honey bees ( Hymenoptera : Apidae) and their effects on bee foraging behavior and pollen viability on blooming apples and pears. EVETEX. Mayer, D.F. Lunden, J.D. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Oct 1986. v. 15 (5). p. 1047-1049. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL QL461 . E532) 216 . ANIMAL GENETICS 1588 Microgeographic genetic variation in the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella. GENTA. McPheron, B.A. Smith, D.C.; Berlocher. S.H. Baltimore, Md. : Genetics Society of America. Abstract: We examined el ectrophoret ic variability at five enzyme loci in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, on a microgeographic scale. Treating flies from individual hawthron trees as separate populations, we estimated F(st) values from allele frequencies. The results indicate that there is significant allele frequency heterogeneity among fly populations over a small spatial scale at some loci but not at others. This variation among loci in degree of differentiation is itself statistically significant, casting doubt on the role of genetic drift in maintaining the heterogeneity. There is also heterogeneity betweenyears in flies from a given tree. These data provide a baseline with which future work on genetic differentiation among apple maggot populations associated with different species of host plants may be compared. Genetics. June 1988. v. 119 (2). p. 445-451. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 442.8 G28 ) . 1589 Regional, local and microgeographic allele frequency variation between apple and hawthorn populations of Rhagoletis pomonella in western Michigan. EVOLA. Feder, J.L. Chilcote, C.A.; Bush, G.L. Lawrence, Kan. : Society for the Study of Evolution. Evolution. May 1990. v. 44 (3). p. 595-608. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 443.8 EV62) 217 . . . ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 1590 termperatures in late winter, their ovaries mature and most of them become mated. The mean Artificial oviposit ion sphere for Mediterranean number of spermatophores per female varied from fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in field 5.3 to 16.5 (range, 0-63) among populations cages from three orchards samoled in the spring. OEENAI. Mclnnis. D.O. Lanham. Md. Newly emerged 1 aboratory- reared winterform Entomological Society of America. Colored, (diapause) males have active sperm in the polyethylene plastic balls were modified to testes and seminal vesicles. In autumn, serve as oviposition devices for a laboratory field-collected winterform males have sperm in strain of the Mediterranean fruit fly, the siminal vesicles, but the rate of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in the insemination of females is very low if males laboratory and the field. In outdoor field are held in the laboratory under short cages, large balls (100 mm diameter) yielded photoperiod of 10:14 (L:D). The rate of significantly more eggs than small balls (25 mm insemination increases greatly after such males diameter) for all four colors tested (black, are conditioned at a long photoperiod of 16:8 red, yellow, and blue). Blue and yellow balls (L:D) for about 10 d. As winter progresses, yielded fewer eggs than black or red balls for there is a decrease in the duration of the small and medium (50 mm diameter) sizes, conditioning required to permit mating. The whereas numbers oviposited in black, red, and ability of males to mate with females appears yellow spheres were not significantly different to be under control of the diapause syndrome. for numbers laid in the large size. Twice as Environmental entomology. June 1990. v. 19 (3). many eggs were laid into large balls when guava p. 544-550. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: juice was used as an attractant as compared DNAL 0L461 . E532) . with water. Large black or red balls with guava juice gave roughly as many eggs as did Golden Delicious' apples, and three times as many eggs as did Red Delicious' apples. Laboratory flies 1594 oviposited three times as many eggs into large yellow balls with guava juice as did wild flies Seasonality of mating and reproduction in pear reared in fruit. Journal of economic psyl la. entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (5). p. 1382-1385. WSEPA. Krysan, J.L. Higbee, B.S. Pullman, Wash. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL The Society. Proceedings of the Washington 421 U822). State Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Washington. 1988. (50). p. 866. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 .W3) 1591 Effects of experience on oviposition and attraction in Drosophila: comparing apples and oranges AMNTA. Hoffmann, A. A. Chicago, 111. University of Chicago Press. The American naturalist. July 1985. v. 126 (1). p. 41-51. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 470 AM36) 1592 Seasonal changes in resightings of marked, wild Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) f 1 ies in nature. FETMA. Opp, S.B. Prokopy, R.J. Gainesville, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society. Florida entomologist. Dec 1987. v. 70 (4). p. 449-456. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 F662) 1593 Seasonality of mating and ovarian development in overwintering Cacopsylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae). EVETEX. Krysan, J.L. Higbee, B.S. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. Pear psyl la, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), overwinters as an adult in reproductive diapause that is Initiated and maintained by short photoperiod. In autumn, females have immature ovaries and few are mated. Coincident with warm field 218 ...... : ANIMAL ECOLOGY 1595 1601 Behavioral interactions among formic id species Use of Osmia lignaria propinqua ( Hymenoptera in the ant mosaic of an organic pear orchard. Megach i 1 i dae ) as a mobile pollinator of orchard PPETA9. Paulson, G.S. Akre, R.D. San Francisco, crops Calif. : Pacific Coast Entomological Society. EVETEX. Torchio, P.F. Lanham. Md. The Pan-Pacific entomologist. Oct 1991. v. 67 Entomological Society of America. The (4). p. 288-297. Includes references. (NAL Call development of intensive agricultural practices No. : DNAL 421 P193) in areas that include cross-pollinated crops requires the introduction of large numbers of pollinating insects only during short flowering periods. The pollination efficacy of one 1596 pollinator, Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, would be greatly Improved if nesting Learning of apple fruit biotypes by apple populations could be successfully transported maggot f 1 i es from crop to crop. Results of a 5-yr study that dlBEES. Prokopy, R.J. PapaJ , D.R. New York, was focused on this subject are summarized as N.Y. : Plenum Publishing. Journal of insect follows. Two studies involved moving individual behavior. Jan 1988. v. 1 (1). p. 67-74. nest blocks various distances within orchards, Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL two additional experiments tested the 0L496. J68). possibility of moving bees nesting in small nest shelters greater distances during active nesting periods, and one study tested transport of bees nesting in large nest shelters 1597 constructed on flat-bed trailers. All of the transported bees in the first four experiments Location and survival of pear psylla eggs on abandoned established nests immediately after pear budwood. they were moved, and none of these bees WSEPA. Morton, D.R. Pullman, Wash. : The reestablished nesting within the confines of Society. Proceedings of the Washington State experimental plots. Conversely, > 85% of Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 females nesting in trailer-shelters continued and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Washington. to nest uninterruptedly after these large nest 1988. (50). p. 865-866. (NAL Call No.: DNAL shelters were moved. Two additional Osmia 0L461 .W3) species were also successfully transported when these large trailer-shelters were moved. A short discussion of nest orientation requirements expressed by Osmia is included. 1598 Environmental entomology. Apr 1991. v. 20 (2). p. 590-596. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Parasites associated with lepidopterous leaf DNAL QL461 . E532) miners on apple in northeastern Wisconsin. JEENAI. Oatman, E.R. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1985. v. 78 (5). p. 1063-1066. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822) 1599 Parasitoid fauna of two Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Graci 11 ari idae) on wild cherries, and similarity to fauna of apple leaf miners. AESAAI. Maier, C.T. College Park, Md. : The Society. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. May 1988. v. 81 (3). p. 460-466. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 EN82) 1600 Prior experience influences the fruit residence of male apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonel la. JIBEE8. Prokopy, R.J. Cooley, S.S.; Opp, S.B. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing. Journal of insect behavior. Jan 1989. v. 2 (1). p. 39-48. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L496. J68) 219 . . . ANIMAL STRUCTURE 1602 Head capsule widths as an indicator of the larval Instar of codling moth ( Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) GRLEA. Weitzner, P. Whalon. M.E. East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan Entomological Society. The Great Lakes entomologist. Autumn 1987. v. 20 (3). p. 147-150. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL QL461 . M5 ) 1603 Morphological variation in Xiphinema spp. from New York orchards. JONEB. Georgi, L.L. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of Nematol og i sts . Journal of nematology. Jan 1988. V. 20 ( 1 ) . p. 47-57. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL39 1 . N4 J62 ) 220 . ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1604 Flight period and seasonal development of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Dlptera: Tephri tidae) , In Oregon. AESAAI. Aliniazee, M.T. Westcott, R.L. College Park, Md. : The Society. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. Nov 1987. v. 80 (6). p. 823-828. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 EN82). 1605 Labeling tufted apple bud moth ( Lepidoptera: Tortrlcldae) with rubidium: effect on development, longevity, and fecundity. AESAAI. Knight, A.L. Hull. L.A.; Rajotte. E.G.; Fleischer, S.J. Lanham, Md. : The Society. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, duly 1989. V. 82 (4). p. 481-485. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 EN82). 1606 Overwintering of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 1 arl Idae) and Its parasites, Pholetesor ornlgis and Pholetesor pedlas (Hymenoptera: Braconldae) In southwestern Ontario. EVETEX. Laing, d.E. Heraty, d.M. College Park.' Md. : Entomological Society of America. Environmental entomology. Oct 1987. v. 16 (5). p. 1157-1162. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 0L461 . E532) 221 . . . ANIMAL TAXONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY 1607 Abundance and Identification of the leaf mining guild on apple In the Mid-Atlantic States. GRLEA. Brown. M.W. East Lansing, Mich. Michigan Entomological Society. The Great Lakes entomologist. Winter 1990. v. 23 (4). p. 179-188. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 .M5) 1608 Apterona helix (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), a palearctic bagworm moth In North America: new distribution records, seasonal history, and host plants. PESWA. Wheeler, A.G. Jr. Hoebeke. E.R. Washington, D.C. : The Society. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Jan 1988. V. 90 (1). p. 20-27. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 420 W27). 1609 Effect of three plant species on population densities of Xiphlnema amerlcanum and Xiphlnema rivesi JONEB. Georgi , L.L. Raleigh, N.C. : Society of Nematol og i sts . Journal of nematology. July 1988. V. 20 (3). p. 474-477. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL39 1 . N4J62 ) 1610 The geographic pattern of genetic differentiation between host associated populations of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) In the eastern United States and Canada. EVOLA. Feder. J.L. Chilcote. C.A.; Bush, G.L. Lawrence, Kan. : Society for the Study of Evolution. Evolution. May 1990. v. 44 (3). p. 570-594. maps. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 443.8 EV62) . 222 . . VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY AND IMMUNE THERAPEUTIC AGENTS 1611 Guard against bee kill. Seaman, A. Kuhn, E.; Riedl, H. Wllloughby, Ohio : Melster Publishing Company. American fruit grower. Mar 1985. v. 105 (3). p. 13. 111. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 80 G85) 1612 Perennial diversionary planting designed to reduce pesticide mortality of honey bees In apple orchards. ABJOA. Ayers, G.S. Wroblewska, A.; Hooplngarner , R.A. Hamilton, 111. : Dadant & Sons. American bee journal. Apr 1991. v. 131 (4). p. 241-252. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 424.8 AM3) 223 . . . : PEST OF ANIMALS - INSECTS 1613 Efficacy of formulated baits for control of Argentine ant ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae) JEENAI. Knight, R.L. Rust, M.K. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. We developed a laboratory method to determine the potential efficacy of baits formulated for control of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr). Possible effects as insect growth regulators were not examined. Of the 10 formulated baits tested, only mirex applied to granulated silkworm pupae had delayed toxicity. Hydramethy 1 non applied to granulated silkworm pupae also provided excellent kill of workers but did not exhibit delayed toxicity. In field tests, this bait provided faster control than did a chemical barrier of granular diazinon. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1991. v. 84 (2). p. 510-514. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 421 J822) 1614 Monitoring Pholetesor ornigis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of the spotted tent i form leaf miner, Phyllonorycter blancardella ( Lepidoptera: Graci 1 1 ari idae) effect of sticky trap location on size and sex ratio of trap catches. EVETEX. Trimble, R.M. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Abstract: The effect of trap location on the number and sex ratio of adult Pholetesor (=Apanteles) ornigis (Weed) caught on yellow sticky traps was examined in Ontario from 1982 to 1985 during the spring and first-summer activity periods in one experimental and five commercial apple orchards. In the first experiment, traps placed within the tree canopy in the peripheral zone caught significantly more P. ornigis than traps placed above, within, and below the tree canopy, as well as those placed between adjacent trees in the peripheral and interior zones of the orchard. Traps placed above the tree in both zones caught less than 1% of all parasites trapped. In the second experiment, traps placed within the tree canopy in the interior zone caught significantly more male, female, and total P. ornigis than traps placed below the tree in the interior zone and within and below the tree in the peripheral zone during both the spring and first summer activity periods. The results suggest that the spatial distribution of male and female parasites changes between the spring and first-summer activity periods. Trap location did not significantly affect the sex ratio of trap catches; males constituted from 82.3 +/- 13.6 to 87.2 +/- 7.7% ( -/x +/-SD) of the catch. The percentage of males in trap catches from an orchard ranged from 75.6 to 96.4 during the two activity periods, whereas estimates of the percentage of males in the adult population from an orchard ranged from 4.0 to 63.0. Environmental entomology. June 1988. v. 17 (3). p. 567-571. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461 . E532) 224 AQUACULTURE RELATED 1615 Of crops and crawfish: diversity sweeps the South. AGREA. Kaplan, J.K. Washington, D.C. : The Service. Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Dec 1990. v. 38 (12). p. 24-25. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84). 225 . . . FARM EQUIPMENT 1616 Stem pulling was high with both systems and averaged 60% for 'Delicious' and 30% for Damage reduction In mechanical 'Empire'. The advantage of the single plane appi e-harvest 1 ng Y-trellis system for mechanical harvesting Bennedsen, B.S. St. Joseph, Mich. : The appears to be that the catching pads can be Society. American Society of Agricultural placed close to the fruit, thereby reducing Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper fruit damage. Journal of the American Society presented at the 1986 Summer Meeting of the for Horticultural Science. May 1990. v. 115 American Society of Agricultural Engineers. (3). p. 368-374. Includes references. (NAL Call Available for purchase from: The American No. : DNAL 81 S012) Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. 1986. (fiche no. 86-1071). 13 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). 1617 Improving apple bagging equipment. ARHMA. Marshall, D.E. Brown, G.K.; Wolthuis, R.J. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 181-184. Includes references (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) 1618 Mechanical harvestabi 1 i ty of Y-shaped and pyramid- shaped 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple trees. JOSHB. Robinson, T.L. Millier, W.F.; Throop, J. A.; Carpenter, S.G.; Lakso, A.N. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Mature 'Empire' and 'Redchief Delicious' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. ) trained to a Y-shaped trellis (Y/M.26) or trained as pyramid-shaped central leaders (CL/M.7) were mechanically harvested with the Cornell trunk recoi 1 - i mpact shaker during 4 years. With 'Empire', fruit removal from the Y/M.26 trees (85% to 90%) was significantly less than from the CL/M.7 trees (95% to 97%). With 'Delicious' there were no differences in fruit removal (90% to 95%) between the two tree forms in any year. When the catching pad was on the ground, fruit grade based on damage was only slightly better for the Y/M.26 trees than for the CL/M.7 trees. When the catching pad was raised up near the Y/M.26 canopy, fruit grade was significantly improved for the Y/M.26 trees and was better than the CL/M.7 trees. Fruit grade for both cultivars ranged from 83% to 94% Extra Fancy with 5% to 16% culls for the Y/M.26 trees and from 74% to 88% Extra Fancy and 11% to 21% culls for the CL/M.7 trees. Skin punctures, skin breaks, and number of large and small bruises were lower and the percentage of nondamaged fruit was higher with the Y/M.26 trees when the pads were close to the canopy than when the pads were on the ground. The CL/M.7 trees had higher levels of all types of fruit damage than did the Y/M.26 trees. Damaged fruit from the CL/M.7 trees was mainly from the top half of the tree, while fruit from lower-tier scaffold branches had low levels of damage. Mechanically harvested fruit from the Y/M.26 trees had lower incidences of fruit rot and flesh breakdown after a 6-month storage period than did fruit from the CL/M.7 trees. 226 WATER RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT 1619 Irrigation systems and water management considerations. PWHAA. Ley, T.W. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 151-162. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 227 . . DRAINAGE AND IRR GAT ON 1620 'Mcintosh' and 2 years for 'Delicious', while leaf P and K were decreased at the highest N Adjust to conditions. rate in 2 years for each cultivar. Nitrogen WEFGA. Klassen, P. Willoughby, Ohio ; Meister fertilization did not increase trunk diameter Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Nov 1986. v. 106 and increased fruit number and yield only in (11). p. 16F, 16H. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 1986 after 3 years of a zero N treatment. The G85W) results implied a role for P in the establishment and early growth and yield of young apple trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. May 1989. v. 1621 114 (3). p. 377-383. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) Fertfgatlon of apples with nitrate or ammonium nitrogen under drip irrigation. I. Tree performance. CS0SA2. Klein, I. Spieler, G. New York. N.Y. 1625 Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science and plant analysis. Mar 1987. v. 18 (3). p. Responses of 'Bartlett' pear to withholding 311-322. Includes ref erencas . (NAL Call No.: irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation, and DNAL S590.C63). tree spacing. JOSHB. Mitchell, P.O. van de Ende, B.; Jerie, P.H.; Chalmers, D.J. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Fruit yield was increased, summer 1622 pruning decreased, and water saved when regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and Pert i gat ion of apples with nitrate or ammonium withholding irrigation (WI) were used over 5 nitrogen under drip irrigation. II. Nutrient years to manage mature 'Bartlett' pear (Pyrus distribution in the soil. communis L.) trees planted at three levels of CS0SA2. Klein, I. Spieler, G. New York, N.Y. within-row spacing (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 m) and Marcel Dekker. Communications in soil science trained to a Tatura trellis. Three levels of and plant analysis. Mar 1987. v. 18 (3). p. irrigation, 23%, 46%, and 92% replacement of 323-339. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: evaporation from the planting square (Eps), DNAL S590.C63). were compared during the RDI period. Weight of summer prunings was positively and linearly related to level of irrigation in each year, including a relatively wet year. When compared 1623 between years, the degree of this response on the dried treatment was positively and FROSTPRO, a model of overhead irrigation rates significantly related to net evaporation for frost/freeze protection of apple orchards. ( evaporat i on- - ra ; nf al 1 ) recorded during the HJHSA. Perry, K.B. Alexandria, Va . : American period of rapid shoot growth. Fruit number also Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience tended to be greater on the 23% and 46% Eps Aug 1986. V. 21 (4). p. 1060-1061. Includes treatments in all years. Cumulative yield over references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 10 years of cropping did not differ between tree spacing, although fruit size was larger a the 1-m spacing. High yields were obtained at all levels of tree spacing. Yield and tree 1624 growth responded most to RDI for the 0.5-m-spaced trees. Journal of the American Nutrition and yield of young apple trees Society for Horticultural Science. Jan 1989. v. irrigated with municipal waste water. 114 (1). p. 15-19. Includes references. (NAL JOSHB. Neilsen, G.H. Stevenson, D.S.; Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) . Fitzpatrick, J.J.; Brownlee, C.H. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. 'Macspur Mcintosh' and 'Red Chief Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on M.7a rootstock were subjected to treatments 1626 involving all combinations of two types of irrigation water (well-water or municipal Root -lesion nematodes, potassium deficiency, effluent) from 1983, the year of planting, and prior cover crops as factors in apple through 1987 and three rates of N fertilization replant disease. (0, 200, 400 g NH4N03/tree per year), from 1984 JOSHB. Merwin, I. A. Stiles, W.C. Alexandria, through 1987. The zero N treatment was Va. : The Society. Growth chamber evaluations increased to 100 g NH4N03/tree per year in 1986 of soil from an orchard replant site showed due to low vigor of these trees. Effluent severe stunting of 'Northern Spy' apple (Malus irrigation increased leaf N, P, and K domestica Borkh.) seedlings grown in field soil concentration in 4 of 5 years for 'Mcintosh', (FS) compared with pasteurized soil (PS) from while leaf N, P, and K increased in 1, 4, and 2 the same site. The FS PS seedling dry weight years, respectively, for 'Delicious'. Effluent ratio of 0.44 indicated a serious replant irrigation increased trunk diameter increment problem. Leaf nutrient content was generally in all years and fruit number and yield in higher in PS than FS seedlings. i 1985-86 for both cultivars. No major Mu 1 t i pi e- regress on analysis indicated that horticultural limitations to the use of leaf K and root-lesion nematode ( Praty 1 enchus effluent Irrigation were observed. Nitrogen penetrans Filipjev) primary inoculum accounted fertilization increased leaf N in 3 years for for 75% of the variation in FS seedling dry 228 . (DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION) weight. Apple seedling dry weight in FS was 97% of that in PS following a marigold (Tagetes patula L. cv. Sparky) cover crop, and 75% following oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Saia). Root-lesion nematodes were nearly eliminated from the plots with marigold. Other cover crops and weed-free fallow period were less effective in controlling apple replant disease and/or phytonematodes . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1989. v. 114 (5). p. 728-732. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 81 S012) 229 ...... FOOD SCIENCE, HORTICULTURAL CROP 1627 0.28 degrees C, 95-100% RH, and atmospheric components of 1.5-2.0% 02, <1% C02, with the Apple market Investigations, 1914-15 /by remainder being mainly N2 . Based on adult Clarence W. Moomaw and M.M. Stewart. emergence, survival decreased from 73% at 0 wk Moomaw, Clarence W. 1880-. Stewart, Milton to 0% after a 13-wk exposure. A large-scale Melv1n,_1885-. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of test of infested apples held in Agriculture, 1915. Caption title.- "September control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage for 13 wk 15, 1915.". 23 p., 1 leaf of plates : charts ; resulted in no adult emergence from an 24 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 Ag848 no. 302). estimated 142,021 Immature larvae, including an estimated 40,389 fifth instars, the most tolerant stage. No live larvae or pupae were found when infested apples were sampled after 1628 treatment. Because codling moth eggs are also susceptible to low temperatures, Apple packing line damage assessment. control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage for a Brown, G.K. Burton, C.L.; Sargent, S.A.; minimum of 13 wk is a potential quarantine Schulte Pason, N.L. St. Joseph, M1ch. : The treatment for codling moth eggs and larvae in Society. American Society of Agricultural apples. Journal of economic entomology. Aug Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper 1991. V. 84 (4). p. 1316-1319. Includes presented at the 1987 Winter Meeting of the references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Nlles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. 1633 Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for Information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. Damage assessment for apple harvest and 87-6515). 19 p. Includes references. (NAL Call transport No. : DNAL FICHE S-72) Sargent, S.A. Brown, G.K.; Burton, C.L.; Pason, N.L.S.; Timm, E.J.; Marshall, D.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). 1629 Paper presented at the 1987 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Apple prices depressed following alar scare. Available for purchase from: The American Buxton, B.M. Rockville, Md. : The Service. Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., Agricultural outlook AO - U.S. Department of 2950 Nlles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Agriculture, Economic Research Service. June Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for 1989. (153). p. 16-18. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. aHD1751 . A42) 87-6517). 11 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL FICHE S-72) . 1630 1634 Apple promotion sparks Interest. WEFGA. Alemlan, N.S. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister D'Anjou pear quality. Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1987. v. Facteau, T. Portland : The Society. Annual 107 (9). p. 12-13. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 report - Oregon Horticultural Society. 1986. v. G85W) 77. p. 101-112, 114-117. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 0R32). 1631 1635 Can the apple industry meet the challenges In the future?. Deciduous fruit update: world and Southern ARHMA. Miller, J.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The Hemisphere. - Society. Annual report Michigan State Jenni , J. Washington, D.C. : The Service. Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 87-88. Horticultural products review FHORT - U.S. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. Includes statistical data. Feb 1990. (2-90). p. 20-38. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSB319.4. F6) 1632 Control led- atmosphere cold storage as a quarantine treatment for nondiapausing codling 1636 moth ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae In apple. Despite challenges, U.S. remains top apple JEENAI. Toba, H.H. Moffitt, H.R. Lanham, Md. supplier to Taiwan. Entomological Society of America. Nondiapausing Gyawu, 0. Washington, D.C. : The Service. larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) in immature Foreign agriculture - United States Department apples were held in commercial of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. control 1 ed-atmosphere cold storage at 0 +/- June 1986. v. 24 (6). p. 9-11. ill. (NAL Call 230 ...... (FOOD SCIENCE, HORTICULTURAL CROP) No.: DNAL A281.9 F76F0). 1642 The substi tutabi 1 i ty of domestic and foreign labor in agricultural production. 1637 Adu-Nyako, K. Emerson, R.D. Gainesville, Fla. The Department. Staff paper - University of The effect of Impact bruising on apples and Florida, Food and Resource Economics subsequent decay development. Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Burton, C.L. Pason, N.L.S.; Brown, G.K.; Timm. Sciences. Paper presented at the American E.J. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche Meetings, July 31-August 3, 1988, Knoxville, collection). Paper presented at the 1987 Winter Tennessee. July 1988. (335). 18 p. Includes Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD 1 75 1 . A 1 S73 ) Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at 1643 (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. 87-6516). 15 p. Includes Training apple pickers to reduce bruising references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). during harvest. ARHMA. Ebers, V. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 85-87. 1638 (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) Marketing changes for apples sold in Pittsburgh, December 1949 -May 1950 /by H.W. Bitting and Henry T. Badger. 1644 Bitting, H. Wayne 1911-. Badger, Henry T._1923-. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Trends and geographic shifts in the Georgia Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, apple industry. 1951. Cover title. 27 p. : ill., charts ; 26 GARRA. Hubbard. E.E. Purcell , J.C. Athens, Ga. - cm. Includes bibliographical references. (NAL : The Stations. Research report University of Call No.: DNAL 1 Ag84Ab no. 47). Georgia, College of Agriculture, Experiment Stations. Includes statistical data. Dec 1985. (488). 12 p. maps. Includes 6 references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL S51 . E22) 1639 Ohio apple production: national market perspect 1 ves 1645 Stout, T.T. Uchida, S.A.; Funt, R.C. Wooster. - Ohio : The Center. Research bulletin Ohio U.S. apple and pear trade summary. Agricultural Research and Development Center. Jenni , J. Washington, D.C. : The Service. Aug 1991. (1188). 20 p. Includes references. Horticultural products review FHORT - U.S. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S (2)). Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. Includes statistical data. Oct 1989. (10-89). p. 9-12. (NAL Call No.: DNAL aSB319.4.F6) 1640 Pear bureau —do you really want a new look?. PWHAA. Hull, D. Wenatchee, Wash. : The 1646 Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. U.S. apple producers under pressure. 189-192. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). Sparks, A. Rockville, Md. : The Service. Agricultural outlook AO - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. May 1989. (152). p. 18-19. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1641 aHD1751 . A42) Storing and marketing New York State apples based on intraseasonal demand relationships /Shaul Ben-David and William G. Tomek. 1647 Ben-David, Shaul. Tomek, William G.,_1932-. Geneva, N.Y. : New York Agricultural Experiment Washington Apple Commission report. Station, 1965. Cover title. 35 p. ; 23 cm. PWHAA. Hale, T. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Bibliography: p. 35. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 Association. Proceedings - Washington State N48 (2) no. 1007) Horticultural Association. 1989. (85th). p. 104-106. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 231 (FOOD SCIENCE, HORTICULTURAL CROP) 1648 World supply of apples. PWHAA. Graden, J. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1988. (84th). p. 86, 88-89. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 1649 1985 estimated cost of producing red delicious apples, Columbia Basin, Central Washington. WUEXA. Hinman. H.R. Hunter, R.E.: Tukey, R.B. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Aug 1985. (1159, rev.). 17 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P). 232 ...... FOOD PROCESSING, HORTICULTURAL CROP 1650 1656 Apple cultivars for processing. Use of lysophosphatidylethanol amine, a natural Way, R.D. McLellan, M.R. New York : Van lipid, as an aid for fruit ripening and Nostrand Reinhold, c1989. Processed apple improving keeping quality. products / edited by Donald L. Downing, p. PPGGD. Farag, K.M. Palta, J. P. Lake Alfred, 1-29. ill., maps. Includes references. (NAL Fla. : The Society. Proceedings of the Plant Call No.: DNAL TP44 1 . A6P76 ) Growth Regulator Society of America. Meeting held August 5-9, 1990, Saint Paul , Minnesota. 1990. (17th). p. 135-137. Includes references. (NAL Can No.: DNAL SB128.P5). 1651 Development of a system for automated detection of apple bruises. 1657 Taylor, R.W. Rehkugler, G.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : ASAE, ci985. Agri-Mation 1 : proceedings, Waxing equipment and materials. Agri-Mation 1 Conference & Exposition, Feb NEMFA. Lacasse, S.T. North Amherst, Mass. : The 25-28, 1985, Palmer House Hotel, Chicago, Association. New England fruit meetings ... Illinois / sponsored by American Society of Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Agricultural Engineers and Society of Ma. p. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. 53-62. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: V. 92. p. 114-116. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 DNAL S671 .3. A35 1985) M384). 1652 Effects of fruit size on apple growers' packinghouse door receipts. WUEXA. Schotzko, R.T. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Mar 1985. (1324). 6 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 W27P) 1653 Harvesting, storing, and handling processing apples. Massey, L.M. Jr. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold, c1989. Processed apple products / edited by Donald L. Downing, p. 31-51. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP441 . A6P76) 1654 My experiences with the Washington Apple Maturity Program. ARHMA. Rasch, M. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 80-85. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58) 1655 Postharvest handling systems: temperate fruits. Mitchell, F.G. Berkeley, Calif. : Coop Ext, Univ of California, Div of Agric and Natural Resources, 1985. Postharvest technology of horticultural crops / Adel A. Kadar et al . . p. 143-148. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL SB3 1 9 . 7 . P67 ) 233 . . . FOOD STORAGE, HORTICULTURAL CROP 1658 storage at 0.5C. Root pruning at full bloom (May) resulted in increased soluble solids Anticipated changes in postharvest technology concentration ( SSC) and firmer flesh and less for apples. starch hydrolysis at harvest, but not NEMFA. Blanpied, G.D. North Amherst, Mass. : consistently each year. Full -bloom root pruning The Association. New England fruit meetings ... reduced the incidence of stem-cavity browning Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - and brown core, but again not each year. Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Full -bloom root pruning did not influence Meeting held at the Sheraton Sturbridge Resort ethylene evolution at harvest but did reduce and Conference Center on January 30 and 31, post-storage ethylene evolution in two of three 1991. 1991. (97th). p. 111-118. Includes seasons. Full -bloom root pruning generally was references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). less effective than DZ in altering fruit behavior, while root pruning later than full bloom had virtually no effect. Trunk scoring or ringing increased SSC and retarded loss of 1659 flesh firmness before harvest and following storage, but had little effect on starch Biting into apple research. hydrolysis. Scoring or ringing decreased AGREA. Corliss, J. Stanley, D. Washington, D.C. incidence of some disorders and reduced - : The Service. Agricultural research U.S. post-storage ethylene evolution, although these Department of Agriculture, Agricultural treatments had little effect on ethylene Research Service. Dec 1990. v. 38 (12). p. production at harvest. Trunk scoring influenced 18-23. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.98 AG84). some fruit characteristics more strongly than DZ. Fruit size was not affected by any treatment in any year. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Mar 1991. v. 1660 116 (2). p. 195-200. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) Bitter pit control by sprays and vacuum infiltration of calcium in 'Cox's Orange Pippin' apples. HJHSA. Hewett, E.W. Watkins, C.B. Alexandria, 1662 Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. The incidence of external and internal Determination and persistence of several bitter pit in 'Cox's Orange Pippin' apple fungicides in postharvest-treated apples during (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit sprayed with their cold storage. normal therapeutic sprays either with or JAFCAU. Cano, P. Plaza, J.L. de la; without Ca salts at 2-week intervals during the Munoz-Del gado , L. Washington, D.C. : American growing season was determined after 6 weeks of Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and storage over 7 consecutive years. Following food chemistry. Jan/Feb 1987. v. 35 (1). p. harvest, fruit was either vacuum- i nf 1 1 trated 144-147. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call with CaC12, or received no further treatment. No. : DNAL 381 J8223) Although there was a tendency for fruit that had been sprayed and vacuum- i nf i 1 trated with Ca to exhibit the greatest degree of bitter pit control, this treatment was not significantly 1663 superior to Ca sprays alone. Vacuum infiltration alone reduced the disorder to a Development of oxygen concentration gradients lesser extent than Ca sprays and was more In flesh tissues of bulky plant organs. effective in reducing external than internal JOSHB. Rajapakse, N.C. Banks, N.H.; Hewett. bitter bit. The results suggest that Ca E.W.; Cleland, D.J. Alexandria, Va. : The applications over the growing season are Society. Steady-state oxygen diffusion in flesh superior to postharvest vacuum- i nf i 1 trat 1 on of apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Braeburn with Ca in the prevention of bitter pit. and Cox's Orange Pippin), Asian pears (Pyrus HortScience. Mar 1991. v. 26 (3). p. 284-286. serotina Rehder. cvs. Hosui and Kosui), and Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL nectarines Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cvs. SB1 .H6) Red Gold and Sunglo was studied using a nondestructive method at 20C . Fruit flesh was found to exert a significant resistance to 02 diffusion resulting in measurable 02 gradients 1661 between tissues immediately beneath the skin and those at the fruit center for all these Damlnozlde, root pruning, trunk scoring, and fruits. The magnitude of these 02 gradients trunk ringing effects on fruit ripening and varied between crops and cultivars and depended storage behavior of 'Mcintosh' apple. on the respiration rate and on effective 02 JOSHB. Elfving, D.C. Lougheed, E.C.; Cline. diffusivity in fruit flesh (Dc). Values of Dc R.A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. A midsummer varied with the cultivar and were broadly foliar daminozide (DZ) application (750 mg consistent with intercellular space volume. The a. i. /I iter) to 'Macspur Mcintosh ' /M . 7 apple range of Dc values obtained suggested that 02 trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) reduced diffusion in fruit flesh takes place 1n a preharvest drop and retarded flesh firmness combination of series and parallel modes in the loss and starch hydrolysis when tested at intercellular space and fluid/solid matrix of harvest; DZ also reduced fruit ethylene the flesh. The results imply that 02 production at harvest and after 19 weeks of diffusivity in flesh tissues must be taken into 234 . . ) . (FOOD STORAGE, HORTICULTURAL CROP) consideration in the determination of critical starch hydrolysis or ethylene production at external 02 level in controlled/modified harvest but reduced poststorage ethylene atmosphere (CA/MA) storage. Journal of the production in one season. Stem-cavity browning American Society for Horticultural Science. and brown core were increased by PBZ applied at Sept 1990. V. 115 (5). p. 793-797. ill. 5 and 9 WAFB in 1987. In 1988, fruit soluble Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 solids content (SSC) was reduced by a double S012) application of PBZ and by uniconazole (UCZ). UCZ had little effect on 'Mcintosh' fruit other than the reduction in SSC. PBZ applications were less consistent in their effects than DZ. 1664 Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Sept 1990. v. 115 (5). The effect of impact bruising on apples and p. 750-756. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: subsequent decay development. DNAL 81 S012) . Burton, C.L. Pason, N.L.S.; Brown, G.K.; Timm, E.J. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the 1987 Winter 1668 Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The Effects of heat treatments on populations of American Society of Agricultural Engineers, four fruit decay fungi in sodium ortho Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, phenyl phenate solutions. Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at PLDIDE. Spotts, R.A. Cervantes, L.A. St. Paul, (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. 1987. (fiche no. 87-6516). 15 p. Includes Plant disease. July 1985. v. 69 (7). p. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). 574-576. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 .9 P69P) 1665 1669 Effect of paclobutrazol and analogs on growth, yield, fruit quality, and storage potential of The effects of postharvest infiltration of 'Delicious' apples. calcium, magnesium, or strontium on decay, JOSHB. Greene, D.W. Alexandria, Va. : The firmness, respiration, and ethylene production Society. Journal of the American Society for in apples. Horticultural Science. May 1986. v. 111 (3). p. JOSHB. Conway, W.S. Sams, C.E. Alexandria, Va. 328-332. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: : The Society. Journal of the American Society DNAL 81 S0 12). for Horticultural Science. Mar 1987. v. 112 (3). p. 300-303. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 81 S012) . 1666 Effects of damlnozide and paclobutrazol 1670 treatments on fruit ripening and storage behavior of 'Mcintosh' apple. Effects of sequential low-oxygen and standard JOSHB. Elfving, D.C. Chu, C.L.; Lougheed, E.C.; controlled atmosphere storage regimens on apple Cline, R.A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. qual Ity. Journal of the American Society for JOSHB. Lidster, P.D. Lougheed, E.C.; McRae, Horticultural Science. Nov 1987. v. 112 (6). p. K.B. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of 910-915. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: the American Society for Horticultural Science. DNAL 81 S012) Sept 1987. V. 112 (5). p. 787-793. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S0 12). 1667 1671 Effects of damlnozide, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole treatments on 'Mcintosh' apples at Effects of tufted apple budmoth (Lepidoptera: harvest and following storage. Tortricidae) Injury on quality and JOSHB. Elfving, D.C. Lougheed, E.C.; Chu, C.L.; storageabi 1 1 ty of processing apples. Cline, R.A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Rajotte, E.G. Lanham, Md. : Foliar damlnozide (DZ) applications to Entomological Society of America. Journal of 'Mcintosh' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. economic entomology. Dec 1988. v. 81 (6). p. increased fruit color, reduced preharvest drop, 1721-1736. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: resulted in greater firmness at harvest and DNAL 421 J822) after air storage, delayed starch hydrolysis, and reduced fruit ethylene production at harvest and after storage. Foliar paclobutrazol (PBZ) reduced preharvest drop and flesh firmness loss if applied within 5 weeks after full bloom (WAFB). Later applications had no effect. PBZ did not influence the progress of 235 . . (FOOD STORAGE, HORTICULTURAL CROP) 1672 1675 Evaluation of benzyl adeni ne as a chemical Fate of the fungicide tolylfluanid In the pear thinner on 'Mcintosh' apples. cold stored in controlled or non controlled OOSHB. Greene, D.W. Autio, W.R. Alexandria, Va. atmosphere. : The Society. Five chemical thinning trials, BECTA6. Rouchaud, J. Gustin, F.; Creamers, P.; conducted over 4 years, indicated Is that BA an Goffings, G. ; Herregods, M. New York, N.Y. : effective thinner for 'Mcintosh' apples (Malus Springer-Verlag. Bulletin of environmental domestica Borkh.). Although it can thin at contamination and toxicology. Apr 1991. v. 46 concentrations as low as 25 mg.l1ter-1, in most (4). p. 499-506. Includes references. (NAL Call years a higher concentration was required to No.: DNAL RA 1 270 . P35A 1 ) thin adequately. It appeared that 14 to 18 days after full bloom, when fruit size was about 10 mm, may be the period when maximum thinning was achieved. Greater thinning occurred when BA and 1676 carbaryl were combined than when they were used individually. BA increased fruit weight, flesh The Influence of calcium on senescence changes firmness, and soluble solids content at harvest and physiological disorders in apples. relative to no thinning. The storage life of NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. fruit treated with BA was less than that of The Association. New England fruit meetings ... fruit from nonthinned trees, but this effect Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - may have been an indirect response related to Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. the larger fruit size rather than a direct V. 93. p. 80-85. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M3a4). response to the chemical. BA caused thinning and Induced lateral branching simultaneously on young 'Macspur Mcintosh' trees. Therefore, crop load on trees just coming Into production may 1677 \ be significantly reduced when BA is used to Induce lateral branching. Chemical names used: Influence of fruit maturity and growing ) N- (phenyl methyl - IH-pur 1 ne-6-am 1 ne district on brown-core disorder in 'Bosc' benzyladenine (BA), 1 -napthal eneacet ic acid pears 1 NAA , -napthal enyl methy 1 carbamate HJHSA. Chen, P.M. Borgic, D.M.; Sugar, D.; carbaryl . Journal of the American Society for Mellenthin, W.M. Alexandria, Va. : American Horticultural Science. Jan 1989. v. 114 (1). p. Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. 68-73. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Oct 1986. V. 21 (5). p. 1172-1173. Includes 81 S0 12). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 1673 1678 Evaluation of ripening and fruit quality of Influence of maturity, storage procedure, 'Gala' and 'Mcintosh' apples at harvest and temperature, and oxygen concentration on following air storage. quality and disorders of 'Mcintosh' apples. FVRJA. Greene, D.W. Autio, W.R. University JOSHB. Lau, O.L. Yastremski, R.; Meherluk, M. Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the varieties journal. July 1990. v. 44 (3). p. American Society for Horticultural Science. Jan 117-123. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1987. V. 112 (1). p. 93-99. ill. Includes 18 DNAL 80 F9464) . references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 1674 1679 Factors affecting the progressive development Inhibition of softening by polyamine of low-oxygen injury in apples. application in 'Golden Delicious' and Lidster, P.D. Blanpied, G.D.; Lougheed, E.C. 'Mcintosh' apples. Raleigh, N.C. : Department of Horticultural JOSHB. Kramer, G.F. Wang, C.Y.; Conway, W.S. Science, North Carolina State University, Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Pressure 1985 . Controlled atmospheres for storages and infiltration of 'Golden Delicious' and transport of perishable agricultural 'Mcintosh 'apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) with commodities : papers presented at the Fourth polyamines resulted in an immediate increase in Natl Controlled N Atmosphere Res Conf , July firmness. 'Golden Delicious' apples were 2.7 23-26, 1985, Raleigh, NC / edited by S.M. (0.25 mm spermidine) to 6.7 N (1.0 mm spermine) Blankenship. p. 57-69. Includes references. firmer, while 'Mcintosh' apples were 2.2 N (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB319.77.N38 1985). (0.25 mm spermidine) to 5.3 N (1.0 mm spermine) firmer than the water-treated control. During 28 weeks of storage at OC , the differences between the pol yamine-treated and water- treated apples were even larger. Similar results were observed with a 3% Ca treatment, but the Ca treatment reduced the rate of softening to a greater extent than did the polyamine treatments in 'Golden Delicious'. Polyamines 236 . . , . . . (FOOD STORAGE, HORTICULTURAL CROP) increased the endogenous levels of the by the low-02 treatments. Exposures to the polyamlnes infiltrated; however, the levels low-02 atmospheres inhibited ripening. declined rapidly with time in storage. Both Including reduction in ethylene production polyamine and Ca inhibited the development of rate, retardation of skin color changes and chilling injury symptoms (brown core) in flesh softening, and maintenance of titratable 'Mcintosh'. The influence of polyamlnes on acidity. The most Important detrimental effect ethylene production was negligible in both of the low-02, treatments was development of an cultivars. The Ca treatment, however, inhibited alcoholic off-flavor that had a logarithmic ethylene evolution in 'Golden Delicious'. relation with ethanol content of the fruits. Polyamlnes, thus, may affect apple softening The ethanol content causing slight off-flavor 1 1 1 through r 1 gid f cat on of cell walls rather (EO) increased with SSC of the commodity at the than through interactions with ethylene ripe stage, and it could be estimated using the metabolism. Journal of the American Society for following formula: (Log EO)/SSC = 0.228. Using Horticultural Science. Sept 1991. v. 116 (5). SSC of ripe fruits and average ethanol p. 813-817. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: accumulation rate per day (VE) from each low-02 DNAL 81 S0 12). treatment, the tolerance limit (T1) of fruits to low-02, atmospheres could be predicted as follows: T1 = EO/VE = (10(0.228 SSC))/VE. Journal of the American Society for 1680 Horticultural Science. Mar 1991. v. 116 (2). p. 253-260. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Integrated management of postharvest diseases. DNAL 81 S012) NEMFA. Rosenberger, D. A. North Amherst, Mass. The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1684 Meeting held on February 1-2, 1989, Sturbrldge, Massachusetts. Feb 1989. v. 95. p. 106-112. Postharvest calcium treatments: potential Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 benefits and risks. M384) NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. Weis, S.A. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' 1681 Association. 1986. v. 92. p. 106-109. Includes 5 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). Integrated management of postharvest diseases and disorders of apples, pears and cherries. Wlllett, M. Kupferman, G. ; Roberts, R.; Spotts, R. ; Sugar, D.; Apel , G. ; Ewart, H.W.; Bryant, 1685 B. Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University Cooperative Extension. Postharvest pomology Postharvest control of blue mold and gray mold newsletter. Dec 1989. v. 7 (3). 16 p. (NAL Call of apples and pears by dip treatment with No. : DNAL TP440.P67) pyrrolnitrin, a metabolite of Pseudomonas cepacia. PLDIDE. Janisiewicz, W. Yourman, L.; Roltman, J.; Mahoney, N. St. Paul, Minn. : American 1682 Phytopathological Society. Plant disease. May 1991. V. 75 (5). p. 490-494. Includes 'Mcintosh' apples do not benefit from references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). low-ethylene control led-atmosphere storage. HJHSA. Lau, O.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Oct 1989. V. 24 (5). p. 801-803. Includes 1686 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Postharvest responses of 'Spartan' apples to preharvest paclobutrazol treatment. HJHSA. Wang, C.Y. Steffens, G.L. Alexandria. 1683 Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Apr 1987. v. 22 (2). p. Physiology and prediction of fruit tolerance to 276-278. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: low-oxygen atmospheres. DNAL SB1 .H6) JOSHB. Ke, D. Rodriguez-Sinobas, L.; Kader A. A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Fruits of 'Granny Smith' and 'Yellow Newtown' apples (Malus domestica Borkh). '20th Century' pear 1687 (Pyrus serotlna L.), and 'Angeleno' plum (Prunus domestica L.) were kept In air and in Preharvest and postharvest handling of apples 0.25% or 0.02% 02, at 0, 5, or IOC for 3, 7, for long storage potential. 14, 25, or 35 days to study the effects of NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. : low-02, atmospheres on their postharvest The Association. New England fruit meetings ... physiology and quality attributes. Soluble Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - solids content (SSC), pH, and external Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. appearance were not significantly Influenced, V. 93. p. 86-91. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) but resistance to C02, diffusion was increased 237 . . (FOOD STORAGE, HORTICULTURAL CROP) 1688 to one group of trees that received PB starting at PF + 2 weeks. PB reduced terminal, lateral, Principles of gas exchange in bulky plant and total shoot growth the year of application tissues. and in subsequent years. Although average shoot HJHSA. Solomos, T. Alexandria, Va. American length of lateral and terminal shoots was Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. reduced, the greatest reduction in growth Paper presented at the "Symposium on Factors occurred because PB prevented spurs from that Influence Commodity Response to Controlled growing into lateral and terminal shoots. Atmosphere Storage of the XXII International Compared to unsprayed trees, PB reduced pruning Horticultural Congress/83rd ASHS Annual time in all 4 years by 23% to 70%. PB increased Meeting," August 14, 1986, Davis, California. bloom only the first year after application, Oct 1987. V. 22 (5). p. 766-771. Includes but increased fruit set for 2 years due to a references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) carryover effect. Application of PB in 1985 caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in soluble solids concentration, length : diameter (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length. Promalin 1689 either overcame the reduction in the ratio or increased it in 1986. Reduced rates of PB in Quality and storage of 'Granny Smith' and subsequent years caused few adverse effects on 'Greenspur' apples on seedling, M.26, and the fruit. PB increased flesh firmness when MM. Ill rootstocks. appl ied at PF + 2 weeks but not at PF + 4 JOSHB. Drake, S.R. Larsen, F.E.; Higgins, S.S. weeks. Trees treated with PB produced fruit Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Influences of with higher flesh Ca and less bitter pit, cork rootstocks on the quality of 'Granny Smith' and spot, and senescent breakdown following regular 'Greenspur' apples (Malus domestica Borkh. ; air storage. Chemical names used: 1 were evaluated over an extended harvest period beta- (4-chl oropheny 1 ) methyl -al pha- ( 1 , -dimethy- and after cold storage. Apples from trees on lethyl )-1H-1,2, 4-triazole-1-ethanol M.26 rootstock had the higher firmness, soluble (paclobutrazol, PB); gibberellins A4+7 Plus ) solids concentration (SSC), and Ca content, but N- ( phenyl met hy 1 - 1 H-pur i ne-6 -am i ne ( Promal in). poorer external color (red blush) and a higher Journal of the American Society for percentage of solar injury than fruit from Horticultural Science. Sept 1991. v. 116 (5). trees on seedling or MM. Ill rootstocks. p. 807-812. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: External greenness was best on apples from DNAL 81 S012). MM. Ill rootstock. 'Granny Smith' apples had higher firmness, soluble solids, acids, and carbohydrate contents, and less scald but poorer external greenness than 'Greenspur' 1692 apples. 'Granny Smith' or 'Greenspur' apples from M.26 rootstock appeared to mature earlier Response of 'Top Red Delicious' apples to than those on MM. 111. Journal of the American daminozide. Society for Horticultural Science. Mar 1991. v. JFOUD. Drake, S.R. Baranowski, J.D.; Williams, 116 (2). p. 261-264. Includes references. (NAL M.W. Trumbull, Conn. Food & Nutrition Press. Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 S012) Daminozide was applied at 2.2, 4.5, 6.7 or 9.0 kg/ha to 'Top Red Delicious' apple trees 86 days after full bloom the first year and at 2.2, 3.4 or 4.5 kg/ha, 80 days after full bloom 1690 the second year. At commercial harvest, after 2 and 4 months regular cold storage, and after 6 Quality of apple fruit from a high density and 10 months of controlled atmosphere (CA) orchard as influenced by rootstocks, storage apples were evaluated for carbon fertilizers, maturity, and storage. dioxide, ethylene production, flesh firmness, JOSHB. Fallahi, E. Richardson, D.G.; Westwood, external color, soluble solids, acids, M.N. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of subjective appearance and daminozide residue. the American Society for Horticultural Science. Ethylene production was reduced as daminozide 1985. v. 110 (1). p. 71-74. Includes application was increased. Delay in onset of references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). the climacteric ranged from 3 to 21 days depending on chemical rate used. Firmness, red color, acids, subjective appearance and number of days to reach climacteric were significantly 1691 improved by all rates of daminozide. Quality differences due to daminozide were evident Reduced rates and multiple sprays of following both types of storage. Daminozide paclobutrazol control growth and improve fruit residues were directly related to rate and did quality of 'Delicious' apples. not dissipate during storage. There was no JOSHB. Greene, D.W. Alexandria, Va . : The detectable daminozide carry-over in fruit from Society. 'Gardiner De 1 i c i ous ' /MM . 106 apple year to year. Journal of food quality. 1989. v. (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were initially 12 (3). p. 193-202. Includes references. (NAL sprayed in 1985 with paclobutrazol (PB) at 250 Call No.: DNAL TP373.5.J6). mg.liter-1 at tight cluster and again on 10 and 25 June and 29 July. From 1986 through 1988, PB sprays of 85 or 100 mg.liter-1 were applied at either petal fall (PF) + 2 or PF + 4 weeks and one to two additional sprays were applied per year when growth resumed. Promalin was applied 238 . . I (FOOD STORAGE, HORTICULTURAL CROP) 1693 1699 Ripening and storablllty of 'Marshall Mcintosh' Study of Impact and compression damage on Asian apples. pears FVRJA. Aut1o, W.R. Bramlage, W.d.; Lord, W.J. Chen, P. Ruiz, M.; Lu, F.; Kader, A. A. St. University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society Society. Fruit varieties journal. Jan 1990. v. of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche 44 (1). p. 36-40. ill. Includes references. collection). Paper presented at the 1986 Summer (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, 1694 Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. The role of ethylene In determining apple 1986. (fiche no. 86-3025). 20 p. 111. Includes harvest and storage life. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). Kupferman, E.M. Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University Cooperative Extension. Postharvest pomology newsletter. May 1986. v. 4 (1). p. 16-21. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP440.P67). 1700 A tentative model to describe the respiration of stored apples. 1695 JOSHB. Andrich, G. Fiorentini, R.; Tuci , A.; Zinnai, A.; Sommovigo, G. Alexandria, Va. : The Root hypoxia and storage breakdown of Society. Using mathematical equations that 'Jonathan' apples. describe the 02 mass- transfer and the enzymatic iJOSHB. Gur, A. Meir, S. Alexandria, Va. : The oxidation of the organic substrates of apples Soc.iety. Journal of the American Society for (Malus domestica Borkh.), we developed a Horticultural Science. Sept 1987. v. 112 (5). kinetic model to correlate fruit respiration p. 777-783. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: rate with environmental oxygen partial pressure DNAL 81 S012) . (P02). The kinetic determinations were carried out at room temperature using apples stored at 3 to 4C for 11 to 19 weeks. Results show that: 1) the calculated value of the Michael is-Menten 1696 constant related to the enzymatic oxidation of the respiratory substrate (Km = 2.1 +/- Rootstock affects ripening, size, mineral 0.5.10-5 mol.kg-1) is close to that reported in composition, and storablllty of 'Starkspur the literature for cytochrome-c oxidase; 2) the Supreme Delicious' In the 1980-81 NC-140 located range of P02 levels where 02 becomes cooperative planting. the limiting factor in the respiration process FVRJA. Autio, W.R. Barden, J. A.; Brown, G.R. (near 2.6 kPa at T = 20.5 +/- 1C) Is close to University Park, Pa. : American Pomological those usually used on a commercial scale for Society. Fruit varieties journal. Oct 1991. v. controlled atmosphere storage. Journal of the 45 (4). p. 247-251. Includes references. (NAL American Society for Horticultural Science. May Call No.: DNAL 80 F9464). 1991. V. 116 (3). p. 478-481. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 1697 1701 Skin color in 'Newtown' apples treated with calcium nitrate, urea, di phenyl amine, and a Tolerance of three apple cultivars to ultra-low film coating. levels of oxygen. HJHSA. Meheriuk, M. Alexandria, Va. : American HJHSA. Lau , O.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. July 1990. V. 25 (7). p. 775-776. Includes Nov 1990. V. 25 (11). p. 1412-1414. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 1698 Status of efforts to meet Japanese Import quarantine requirements for apples. WSEPA. Moffitt, H. Pullman, Wash. : The Society. Proceedings of the Washington State Entomological Society. Meeting held on April 23 and September 17, 1988, Yakima, Washington. 1988. (50). p. 863-864. (NAL Call No.: DNAL QL461 .W3) 239 FOOD CONTAMINATION, FIELD CROP 1702 EPA: unl royal agrees to halt U.S. sales of Alar. Washington, D.C. : Community Nutrition Institute. Abstract: Uniroyal Chemical Company has agreed to halt sales of Alar in the United States. This decision was in reponse to government and consumer concerns to risks of the pesticide on apples. The apple industry response and foreign sales are also discussed. Nutrition week. June 8, 1989. v. 19 (23). p. 6. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TX341.C6). 240 . . 1 1 FOOD CONTAMINATION, HORTICULTURAL CROP 1703 1708 Alar: the numbers game. Determination and persistence of several SCIEA. Roberts, L. Washington, D.C. : American fungicides in postharvest-treated apples during Association for the Advancement of Science. The their cold storage. dispute over the cancer danger from Alar JAFCAU. Cano, P. Plaza, J.L. de la; highlights just how uncertain risk assessment Munoz-Del gado, L. Washington, D.C. : American is. Science. Mar 17. 1989. v. 243 (4897). p. Chemical Society. Journal of agricultural and 1430. (NAL Can No.: DNAL 470 SCI2). food chemistry. Jan/Feb 1987. v. 35 (1). p. 144-147. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 381 J8223) 1704 Anatomy of a disaster. 1709 O'Rouke, A.D. New York, N.Y. : John Wiley. Agribusiness. Sept 1990. v. 6 (5). p. 417-424. Determination of daminozide and Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL dimethyl hydrazine residues in Swiss apple juice HD1401 . A56) concentrates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. JAFCAU. Rutschmann, M.A. Buser, H.R. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society. 1705 Apple juice concentrates analyzed for 1 daminozide and 1 , -di methyl hydraz i ne (UDMH) by Apple sales strong despite scarce In '89 about a sensitive gas chromatographic mass chemical use. spectrometr i c (GC-MS) method showed with the NYTIAO. Shabecoff, P. New York, N.Y. : H.J. exception of one sample no detectable Raymond & Co. . The New York times. Nov 13, concentrations of daminozide. The exceptive 1990. p. A1, All. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 286.8 sample showed traces of daminozide (0.07 ppm) N488) . that could have resulted from the illegal use of daminozide by one fruit grower from more than a hundred. The samples were collected from large-scale storage tanks in different regions 1706 in Switzerland and represented a cross section of Swiss production. The samples were analyzed Bad apples. for daminozide after alkaline digestion to UDMH Yonkers, N.Y. : The Union. The history of the and der i vat i zat i on to pentaf 1 uorobenzoy discovery of UDMH (a breakdown product formed derivatives. The exceptive apple juice when alar containing products are cooked) as concentrate was further analyzed directly for health hazards and attempts to ban alar's use UDMH by isolation via cation-exchange is outlined. The sensitivity of two testing chromatography and der i vat i zat i on . No UDMH was methods (PAM II and Conditt) is briefly found in this analysis. Comparative analysis discussed. Environmental Protection Agency showed the GC-MS method to be much less (EPA) regulations; the reaction of the baby susceptible to interfering compounds than food industry; and the results of Consumer electron capture detection. Other hydrazines Reports testing of apples and apple juices are were comparatively analyzed and GC and MS presented. The health risk of cancer from UDMH properties of the pentaf 1 uorobenzoy consumption and recommendations are included. derivatives reported. Journal of agricultural Consumer reports - Consumers Union of United and food chemistry. Jan 1991. v. 39 (1). p. States. May 1989. v. 54 (5). p. 288-290, 292. 176-181. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: ill., charts. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 321.8 C762). DNAL 381 J8223). 1707 1710 Comparisons of calcium chloride, calcium Determination of several pesticides with a phosphate, and a calcium chelate as foliar chemical ionization ion trap detector. sprays for 'Mcintosh' apple trees. JAFCAU. Mattern, G.C. Singer, G.M.; Louis, J.; JOSHB. Bramlage,' W. J. Drake, M. ; Weis, S.A. Robson, M. ; Rosen, J.D. Washington, D.C. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Chemical Society. A total of one American Society for Horticultural Science. Nov hundred (twenty five each) apple, peach, 1985. V. 110 (6). p. 786-789. Includes 22 tomato, and potato samples were analyzed for references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). twelve pesticides and two pesticide metabolites with a slightly modified Luke multiresidue extraction procedure, separation by capillary column gas chromatography with cold on-column injection, and detection by mass chromatography with an ion trap mass spectrometer in the chemical ionization mode (GC/CIMS). Residues of carbaryl , captan, dichloran, dimethoate, methamidophos, phosmet , and tetrahydrophthal imide were found in several samples, with peaches containing the most 241 1 . . , (FOOD CONTAMINATION, HORTICULTURAL CROP) residues. None of the residues found were above 1714 legal tolerances. Recovery studies were performed at the 0.5 ppm fortification level of GC/MS and LC/MS determination of 20 pesticides each pesticide and metabolite at least three for which dietary oncogenic risk has been times in each of the four crops. Recoveries estimated. were between 73 and 120%, with an average JAFCAU. Mattern, G.C. Liu, C.H.; Louis, J.B.; coefficient of variation of 11%. Because the Rosen, J.D. Washington, D.C. : American computer can be programmed to search for Chemical Society. The National Research Council several hundred targeted ions, the use of has estimated dietary oncogenic risk for 28 capillary column GC/CIMS is a promising method pesticides registered for use in the United that should be explored by regulatory agencies States. We report a rapid analytical procedure for the analysis of pesticide residues. Journal for 20 of these pesticides in a variety of of agricultural and food chemistry. Feb 1990. crops based on a single extraction step and the V. 38 (2). p. 402-407. Includes references. use of mass spectrometry for detection and (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 d8223). quantification. Recovery and sensitivity studies were performed in various commodities (apples, peaches, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, spinach, lettuce, snap beans, and sweet corn) 1711 for the suspected oncogens acephate, alachlor, az i nphos-methy 1 , captafol , captan, i Effects of cobalt gamma radiation on San Jose chl ordi mef orm , chl orothal oni 1 , cypermethr n i scale (Homoptera: Oiaspididae) survival on d i cl of opmethy 1 , ethal f 1 ural n , metolachlor. apples in cold and control led-atmosphere oxadiazon, parathion, permethrin, pronamide, storage. o-phenyl phenol , terbutryne, folpet, linuron.and JEENAI. Angerilli, N.P.D. Fitzgibbon, F. oryzalin. All pesticides were determined by gas Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. chromatography/chem i ca 1 ionization mass 'Red Delicious' apples (Malus pumila (Mill.)) spectrometry (GC/CIMS) except the last three, Infested with San Jose scale, Ouadraspidiotus for which high-performance liquid perniciosus (Comstock), harvested from chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was commercial and experimental orchards were used. Average recoveries at the 0.5 ppm subjected to cobalt-60 gamma radiation and then fortification level were between 70 and 123%, stored in either regular cold storage, with an average coefficient of variation of control 1 ed-atmosphere storage, or at room 13%. Sensitivity studies demonstrated that most temperature. Scale survival measured at various pesticides could be detected at 0.05 or 0.10 intervals after treatment declined with time ppm in the crops, but some limits of detection and the magnitude of the radiation dose were 0.25 ppm or greater. Journal of received. Survival was not influenced by method agricultural and food chemistry. Apr 1991. v. of storage. Journal of economic entomology. 39 (4). p. 700-704. Includes references. (NAL June 1990. v. 83 (3). p. 892-895. Includes Cal 1 No. : DNAL 381 J8223) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 1715 1712 Incidence and development of apple scab on Enhanced resistance to side rot in pears fruit during the late summer and while in treated with calcium chloride during the storage /by Cyril 0. Bratley. growing season. Bratley, C. 0. 1903-1948. Washington : U.S. PLDIDE. Sugar, D. Powers, K.A.; Hilton, R.J. Dept. of Agriculture, 1937. Caption title. 46 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopatho 1 og i ca p. ill. ; 23 cm. Literature cited: p. 43-45. Society. Plant disease. Feb 1991. v. 75 (2). p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 Ag84Te no. 563). 212-214. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . 1716 1713 Malathion bait sprays for control of apple maggot (Diptera: Tephri tidae) Evaluation of mature apple fruit from JEENAI. Mohammad, A.B. Aliniazee, M.T. Lanham, Washington State for the presence of Erwinia Md. Entomological Society of America. amylovora. Malathion (1.2 g AI /liter, applied at 2-wk PLDIDE. Roberts, R.G. Reymond, S.T.; intervals for a total of four spray McLaughlin, R.J. St. Paul, Minn. American applications) was compared with malathion mixed Phy topathol og i cal Society. Plant disease. Nov, with 0.25 and 0.5% Nulure bait for control of 1989. V. 73 (11). p. 917-921. Includes the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1.9 P69P). in 1986 and 1987 seasons. Apples sprayed with malathion mixed with Nulure had the lowest fruit injury in both years. In 1986, fruit injury averaged 18.3 +/- 16.4% (average +/- SEM) in apples treated with malathion bait mixture compared with 39.0 +/- 9.5% in apples treated with malathion alone and 56.3 +/- 15.5% in untreated apples. In 1987, apple maggot injury in apples treated with malathion bait 242 . . . . I (FOOD CONTAMINATION, HORTICULTURAL CROP) mixture averaged 3.7 +/- 3.2% compared with of P. solitum from fruit and fruit storage bins 45.7 +/- 2.7% in apples treated with malathion in this study were insensitive to benomyl , but alone and 26.7 +/- 22.2% in untreated apples. isolates from meat and cheese were sensitive to Laboratory bioassays of residual toxicities of benomyl. Phytopathology. Oct 1991. v. 81 (10). malathion against apple maggot adults at a rate p. 1108-1112. Includes references. (NAL Call of 1.2 g (AI)/liter indicated efficacy of less No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) than 1 wk and complete ineffectiveness within 12 d after application on apple foliage and fruits. At the higher rate of 2.4 g (AI)/liter, only 17% mortality was noticed 16 d after 1720 application. Further laboratory tests indicated total adult mortality within 48 h and Protectant and after- infect ion activity of negligible rates of oviposition (less than 1 fungicides against Botryosphaeri a obtusa on egg per female) in apples treated with apple. malathion at rates of 0.3 and 0.6 g (AI)/liter PLDIDE. Arauz. L.F. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, mixed with 1% Nulure bait. In apples treated Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Society. with malathion alone, 29 +/- 7.7% mortality Plant disease. Dec 1990. v. 74 (12). p. occurred and 10 eggs per female were deposited 1029-1034. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: at the end of 48 h for 0.3 (AI)/liter rate, and DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . 21 +/- 7.7% mortality occurred and 16 eggs per female were deposited for 0.6 g (AI)/liter rate. Nulure alone at 1% had no adverse effects on survival and oviposition of apple maggot 1721 females. Results of these field and laboratory experiments showed that addition of Nulure bait Removal of spray residue from apples /by W.S. to malathion increased adult mortality and Hough ... et a1 . . reduced oviposition in treated apples. Journal Hough, Walter Senef f ,_1893- . Blacksburg, Va. : of economic entomology. Dec 1989. v. 82 (6). p. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Virginia 1716-1721. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Agricultural Experiment Station, 1931. 16 p. : DNAL 421 J822) ill. ; 23 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 V815 (1) no.278) 1717 1722 Monitoring residues of carbendazim (applied as benomyl) and thiabendazole in Well spur apples. Residue levels in apples and pears dANCA2. Moni co-P 1 f arre , A. X 1 rau-Vayreda , M. field-treated with two experimental Arlington, Va. : The Association. Association chlorothaloni 1 formulations. of Official Analytical Chemists journal. BECTA6. Camoni, I. Di Muccio, A.; Pontecorvo, May/dune 1987. v. 70 (3). p. 596-598. Includes D.; Rubbiani, M. ; Vergori, L.; Lugaresi , C. New references-. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 AS7). York, N.Y. : Spr i nger-Ver 1 ag . Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. Mar 1991. V. 46 (3). p. 361-367. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL RA 1 270. P35A 1 ) 1718 Much ado about apples. Stark, C. Ithaca, N.Y. : New York State College 1723 of Human Ecology, Cornell University. Human ecology forum. Spring 1989. v. 17 (3). p. Residues of benomyl (determined as carbendazim) 23-26. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HV1.H8). and captan in postharvest-treated pears in cold storage. JAFCAU. Kiigemagi, U. Inman, R.D.; Mellenthin, W.M.; Deinzer, M.L. Washington, D.C. : American 1719 Chemical Society. Residues of carbendazim (applied as benomyl) and captan, applied to Penicillium solitum revived, and its role as a pears prior to cold storage, were examined pathogen of pomaceous fruit. during 6 months of storage. Total carbendazim PHYTA. P1tt, d.I. Spotts, R.A.; Holmes, R.d.; residues were below the 7 ppm tolerance, Cruickshank, R.H. St. Paul, Minn. : American initial residues averaging 0.37 ppm, and no Phytopathological Society. Penicillium solitum, reduction of residues was detected during cold a species neglected in recent taxonomies, is storage. In another study, three postharvest revived. A new description and related application techniques were compared and again taxonomic information are given, based on no significant differences in the quantities of examination of a number of fresh isolates from the residues found. Captan residues on Anjou pome fruit and wooden fruit bin surfaces in pears were insignificant. The analytical Australia and from processed meats in Germany. procedure used for these analyses was an Isolates of P. solitum were less virulent on acetone extraction of acidified pear puree apple and pear fruits than those of P. followed by partitioning with ethyl acetate to expansum, the dominant pathogenic Penicillium separate total carbendazim (benomyl plus on pome fruits. P. solitum and P. expansum carbendazim) and captan residues. For captan showed similar temperature growth curves, but residue, charcoal and silica gel cleanup of the growth of P. solitum was slower. All isolates organic extract was followed by electron 243 . (FOOD CONTAMINATION, HORTICULTURAL CROP) capture GLC . The pH of the aqueous extract containing carbendazim was adjusted to about 9 with sodium hydroxide, and the carbendazim residue was partitioned into ethyl acetate and analyzed by HPLC. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. Feb 1991. v. 39 (2). p. 400-403. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 381 08223) 244 . ; FOOD PACKAGING, HORTICULTURAL 1724 Avoid apple bruising. WEFGA. Aylsworth, J. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Publishing Company. Western fruit grower. This publication is not owned by the National Agricultural Library. Nov 1988. v. 108 (1). p. 14, 16-17. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W). 1725 Bruising impact data acquisition and analysis in apple packing and handling systems utilizing the instrumented sphere (IS). Tennes, B.R. Zapp, H.R.; Marshall, D.E.; Armstrong, P.R. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6032). 14 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). 1726 Development of a sampling plan and application of a grading scheme for determining apple packout 1 osses HJHSA. Hogmire, H.W. Baugher , T.A.; Ingle, M. Lightner, G.W. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Aug 1989. v. 24 (4). p. 628-630. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 245 . . ; . FOOD COMPOSITION, HORTICULTURAL CROP 1727 Agricultural Engineers and Society of Ma. p. 53-62. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Apple orchard management in relation to DNAL S671.3.A35 1985). qual i ty NEMFA. Bramlage, W.J. North Amherst, Mass. The Association. New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - 1733 Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. V. 93. p. 64-67. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). Effect of a foliar urea application and mite injury on yield and fruit quality of apple. JEENAI. Beers, E.H. Hull, L.A.; Greene, G.M. Lanham, Md. Entomological Society of America. 1728 Malus X domestica Borkhauser, 'Bisbee Delicious' and 'Rome Beauty' apple trees were Apple quality influenced by triazole growth subjected to varying amounts (range, retardants. approximately 20-1,140) of European red mite, JFQUD. Curry, E.A. Westport, Conn. : Food & Panonychus ulmi (Koch), injury and then treated Nutrition Press. Journal of food quality. 1988. with a foliar urea to determine if the effects V. 11 (2). p. 79-87. ill. Includes references. of mite injury, could be mitigated. The effects (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP373.5.J6). of these treatments were determined on mean fruit weight, soluble solids, fruit firmness, fruit color, leaf nitrogen, and number of actively growing shoots at harvest, as well as 1729 return bloom, percentage of fruit set. and crop load the following season. Mean fruit weight, Application of conputer vision for detecting fruit firmness, and percentage of leaf nitrogen watercore in apples. in August and September were affected by mite Throop, J. A. Rehkugler, G.E.; Upchurch, B.L. injury on 'Bisbee Delicious,' whereas with St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American 'Rome Beauty' soluble solids, fruit color, and Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche percentage of leaf nitrogen in August were collection). Paper presented at the 1988 Winter affected by mite injury. The only effect of the Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural urea application after mite injury was a Engineers. Available for purchase from: The reduction in red color of 'Bisbee Delicious.'. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1990. v. 83 Order Dept.. 2950 Niles Road. St. Joseph, (2). p. 552-556. Includes references. (NAL Call Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at No. : DNAL 421 J822) (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6567). 26 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). 1734 Effects of daminozide and paclobutrazol 1730 treatments on fruit ripening and storage behavior of 'Mcintosh' apple. Big app1es--how do we get them?. JOSHB. Elfving, D.C. Chu, C.L.; Lougheed. E.C.; PWHAA. Heinicke, D.R. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Cline. R.A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Association. Proceedings - Washington State Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. Horticultural Science. Nov 1987. v. 112 (6). p. 107-109. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 910-915. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 1731 1735 Development of a sampling plan and application of a grading scheme for determining apple Effects of fungicide treatments on the packout losses. gustative quality and the biochemical HJHSA. Hogmire. H.W. Baugher . T.A.; Ingle, M. composition of apples. Lightner, G.W. Alexandria, Va. : American HJHSA. Rouchaud. J. Moons, C; Meyer, J. A. Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Aug 1989. v. 24 (4). p. 628-630. Includes Horticultural Science. HortScience. Aug 1986. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB 1 . H6 ) V. 21 (4). p. 1056-1057. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 1732 1736 Development of a system for automated detection of apple bruises. The effects of postharvest infiltration of Taylor, R.W. Rehkugler, G.E. St. Joseph. Mich. calcium, magnesium, or strontium on decay, ASAE, C1985. Agri-Mation 1 proceedings, firmness, respiration, and ethylene production Agri-Mation 1 Conference & Exposition, Feb in apples. 25-28, 1985, Palmer House Hotel, .Chicago, JOSHB. Conway. W.S. Sams. C.E. Alexandria. Va. Illinois / sponsored by American Society of : The Society. Journal of the American Society 246 . . (FOOD COMPOSITION, HORTICULTURAL CROP) for Horticultural Science. Mar 1987. v. 112 1742 (3). p. 300-303. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 81 S012) . Fruit size- -the moneymaker. PWHAA . Schotzko, T. Wenatchee, Wash. : The Association. Proceedings - Washington State Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. 1737 92-96. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). The effects of root pruning on apples. CFRTA. Schupp, d.R. Ferree, D.C. East Lansing, Mich. International Dwarf Fruit Tree 1743 Association. Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree Gibberellins A4+7 influence fruit set, fruit Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. quality, and return bloom of apples. 1987. V. 20. p. 76-80. ill. Includes JOSHB. Greene, D.W. Alexandria, Va. : The references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 096). Society. Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of time, concentration, and number of GA4+7 applications on 'Mcintosh', 'Early Mcintosh', and 'Empire' apples (Malus 1738 domestica Borkh.). GA4+7 at 150 mg/liter increased fruit set and inhibited flower bud Effects of sequential low-oxygen and standard formation on 'Mcintosh' and 'Early Mcintosh'. controlled atmosphere storage regimens on apple Flower bud formation was inhibited on qual i ty. 'Mcintosh' when GA4+7 was applied over a wide JOSHB. Lidster, P.O. Lougheed, E.C.; McRae, range of times from 6 days before full bloom to K.B. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of 34 to 35 days after full bloom. Applications the American Society for Horticultural Science. made 45 and 60 days after full bloom had no Sept 1987. V. 112 (5). p. 787-793. Includes effect. Following storage, 'Empire' fruit references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). treated with GA4+7 were softer and had a higher incidence of senescent breakdown than controls. Postbloom sprays of GA4+7 increased fruit set on 'Empire' one year when applied from 0 to 150 1739 mg/liter, while two applications of 50 mg/liter on similar trees in another year caused Effects of tufted apple budmoth ( Lepidoptera: thinning. GA4+7 sprays appeared to advance Tortricldae) injury on quality and ripening of 'Empire' apples. Gibberellin sprays storageabi 1 i ty of processing apples. reduced seed number. GA4+7 inhibited flowering JEENAI. Hull, L.A. Rajotte, E.G. Lanham, Md. : in 'Empire'. Repeat applications 19 and 34 days Entomological Society of America. Journal of after full bloom were only slightly more economic entomology. Dec 1988. v. 81 (6). p. inhibitory to flowering than one application of 1721-1736. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg/liter made 10 days after DNAL 421 J822) . full bloom. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. July 1989. v. 114 (4). p. 619-625. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012) . 1740 Evaluation of apple fruit maturity to segregate fruit for optimum storage potential. 1744 ARHMA. Beaudry, R.M. Dilley, D.R. East Lansing, - Mich. : The Society. Annual report Michigan How can we grow and maintain quality apples and State Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. cherries. 193-194. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 MBS). ARHMA. Carpenter, W.S. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 96-100. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) 1741 Evaluation of ripening and fruit quality of 'Gala' and 'Mcintosh' apples at harvest and 1745 following air storage. FVRJA. Greene, D.W. Autio, W.R. University How can we grow and maintain quality apples and Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit cherries. varieties journal. July 1990. v. 44 (3). p. ARHMA. Rasch, F. East Lansing, Mich. : The 117-123. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Society. Annual report - Michigan State DNAL 80 F9464) Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 93-95. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58). 247 . . . . . (FOOD COMPOSITION, HORTICULTURAL CROP) 1746 1752 How spur quality Influences fruit size. Maturity standards tested: maturity standards PWHAA. Rom, C.R. Wenatchee, Wash. : The for Granny Smith apples are still being Association. Proceedings - Washington State developed. Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. WEFGA. Klassen, P. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister 109-118. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call Pub. Co. Western fruit grower. Sept 1987. v. No. : DNAL 81 W273) 107 (9). p. 8A-8B. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 80 G85W) 1747 1753 How we can grow and maintain quality apples. ARHMA. Rasch, T. East Lansing, Mich. : The My experiences with the Washington Apple Society. Annual report - Michigan State Maturity Program. Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 90-93. ARHMA. Rasch, M. East Lansing, Mich. ; The - (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) . Society. Annual report Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1986. (116th). p. 80-85. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58) 1748 Impact parameters related to bruising in selected fruits. 1754 Garcia, C. Ruiz, M.; Chen, P. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society of Agricultural Obtaining optimum fruit size- -quest ions and Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper answers presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the PWHAA. Allen, D. Wenatchee, Wash. : The American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Association. Proceedings - Washington State Available for purchase from: The American Horticultural Association. 1985. (81st). p. Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 118-121. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 W273). 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6027). 17 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL 1755 Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). Processing quality of pear selections in the Harrow breeding program. FVRJA. Kappel , F. Ouamme, H.A. University Park, 1749 Pa. : American Pomological Society. Fruit varieties journal. Oct 1987. v. 41 (4). p. Influence of apple green crinkle disease on the 136-140. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: quality of Granny Smith apples. DNAL 80 F9464) PLDRA. Fridlund, P.R. Drake, S.R. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phy topathol og i cal Society. Plant disease. July 1987. v. 71 (7). p. 585-587. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 1756 DNAL 1 .9 P69P) . Production and marketing options for New Hampshire apple growers. Manalo, A.B. Lord, W.G. Durham, N.H. : The 1750 Station. Research report - New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. Apr 1990. Influence of maturity, storage procedure, (123). 7 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: temperature, and oxygen concentration on DNAL S89. E2) . quality and disorders of 'Mcintosh' apples. JGSHB. Lau, O.L. Yastremski, R.; Meheriuk, M. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Jan 1757 1987. V. 112 (1). p. 93-99. ill. Includes 18 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Quality of apple fruit from a high density orchard as influenced by rootstocks, fertilizers, maturity, and storage. JOSHB. Fallahi, E. Richardson, D.G.; Westwood, 1751 M.N. Alexandria, Va . : The Society. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Maturity standards for harvesting Bartlett 1985. V. 110 (1). p. 71-74. Includes pears for eastern shipment /F.W. Allen. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). Allen, F. W. 1887-. Berkeley, Cal. : Agricultural Experiment Station, 1929. Cover title. 27 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 24 cm. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 C12S no. 470). 248 . . . . (FOOD COMPOSITION, HORTICULTURAL CROP) 1758 1782 Reflections on a year with reduced Alar use- -a Spectrophotometric study of bruises on whole wholesaler's view. red delicious apples. NEMFA. lannacci . J. North Amherst, Mass. : The Upchurch, B.L. Affeldt, H.A.; Norris, K.A.; Association. New England fruit meetings ... Throop, J. A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1987. (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the V. 93. p. 54-55. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384 ) 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. 1759 Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and Renovating mature apple trees--fruit quality prices. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6566). 16 p. through stronger spurs and better light Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE distribution. S-72) CFRTA. Barritt, B.H. Rom, C.R. East Lansing, Mich. International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree 1763 Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. 1987. V. 20. p. 70-75. ill. Includes Tolerance of three apple cultivars to ultra- low references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 D96 ) levels of oxygen. HOHSA. Lau, O.L. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. Nov 1990. V. 25 (11). p. 1412-1414. Includes 1760 references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). Response of 'Top Red Delicious' apples to daminozide. JFQUD. Drake, S.R. Baranowski, J.D.; Williams, 1764 M.W. Trumbull, Conn. Food & Nutrition Press. Daminozide was applied at 2.2, 4.5, 6.7 or 9.0 Use of lysophosphatidylethanol amine, a natural kg/ha to 'Top Red Delicious' apple trees 86 lipid, as an aid for fruit ripening and days after full bloom the first year and at improving keeping quality. 2.2, 3.4 or 4.5 kg/ha, 80 days after full bloom PPGGD. Farag, K.M. Palta, J. P. Lake Alfred, the second year. At commercial harvest, after 2 Fla. : The Society. Proceedings of the Plant and 4 months regular cold storage, and after 6 Growth Regulator Society of America. Meeting and 10 months of controlled atmosphere (CA) held August 5-9, 1990, Saint Paul, Minnesota. storage apples were evaluated for carbon 1990. (17th). p. 135-137. Includes references. dioxide, ethylene production, flesh firmness, (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB128.P5). external color, soluble solids, acids, subjective appearance and daminozide residue. Ethylene production was reduced as daminozide application was increased. Delay in onset of the climacteric ranged from 3 to 21 days depending on chemical rate used. Firmness, red color, acids, subjective appearance and number of days to reach climacteric were significantly improved by all rates of daminozide. Quality differences due to daminozide were evident following both types of storage. Daminozide residues were directly related to rate and did not dissipate during storage. There was no detectable daminozide carry-over in fruit from year to year. Journal of food quality. 1989. v. 12 (3). p. 193-202. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TP373.5.J6). 1761 Skin color in 'Newtown' apples treated with calcium nitrate, urea, diphenylamine, and a film coat i ng HJHSA. Meheriuk, M. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. July 1990. V. 25 (7). p. 775-776. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). 249 . HOME FOOD AND MEAL PREPARATION 1765 Alar in appiss: Facts and fantasies. Yonkers, N.Y. : The Union. Common concerns about consumption of apples and apple products made from alar-treated fruit and cancer risk are addressed in a question and answer format. Consumer reports - Consumers Union of United States. May 1989. v. 54 (5). p. 291. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 321 .8 C762) 250 ...... POLLUTION 1766 types. The rates were either 9.2 kg/m2 (low rate), 36 kg/m2 (high rate), or untreated Apples: managing pesticides for crop production control. The tree types used were 'Spuree Rome' and water quality protection--a supplement to on M9, 'Redchief Delicious' on M9 or M9/MM106, the I FAS Pest Control Guides. and 'Sturdeespur Delicious' on M9 . Cumulative Hornsby, A.G. Buttler, T.M.; Crocker, T.E.; yields (kg/tree) were enhanced on three of four Mizell. R.F. Ill; Dunn, R.A.; Simone, G.W. tree types over a period of 6 yr. A 15% - Gainesville, Fla. : The Service. Circular reduction in yield was noted for Redchief Florida Cooperative Extension Service. In Delicious on M9/MM106 stocks at the high FBM subseries: Water Quality Initiative Series. May rate. No nutritional related problems were 1991. (962). 11 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 noted for this or any other of the the tree F66C) . types used. Part of the yield reduction noted was due to fruit size differences and/or differential sensitivity of this i nterstock/rootstock combination to the altered 1767 soil chemical properties. Generally, amended soil pH increased to about 7.0 for either rate, Determination of fluvalinate metabolite and electrical conductivity increased five fold residues in cottonseed, apples, tomatoes, and at the high rate of FBM addition. Agricultural soi 1 utilization of large volumes (up to 112 Mg/ha) JAFCAU. Fitch, W.L. Sjolander, A.C; Miller, of FBM, compared to past research whereFBM was W.W. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical used as a lime substitute (2-6 mg/ha), appears Society. Journal of agricultural and food to be a feasible alternative. However, chemistry. July/Aug 1988. v. 36 (4). p. rootstock selection for apple may need to 764-766. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: consider the resultant changes in soil chemical DNAL 381 J8223). status from FBM additions. Journal of environmental quality. July/Sept 1988. v. 17 (3). p. 469-473. Includes references. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 0H54O. J6) 1768 Ecological aspects of using sewage sludge as fertilizer in apple orchards. 1771 Solov'ev, I.S. Khomyakov, D.M. New York, N.Y. ': Allerton Press. Soviet agricultural sciences. Much ado about apples. Translated from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia Stark, C. Ithaca, N.Y. : New York State College sel ' skokhoz i ai stvennykh nauk, Doklady, (6), of Human Ecology, Cornell University. Human 1989, p. 22-24. (20 AK1). 1989. (6). p. 30-33. ecology forum. Spring 1989. v. 17 (3). p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 23-26. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HV1.H8). SI .568) 1772 1769 Pears: managing pesticides for crop production Fate of insecticide sprays from apple orchards. and water quality protect ion--a supplement to NEMFA. Clark, J.M. Marion, J.R.; Tessier, D.M.; the I FAS pest control guides. Col i , W.M. North Amherst, Mass. : The Hornsby, A.G. Buttler, T.M.; Crocker, T.E.; Association. New England fruit meetings ... Mizell, R.F. Ill; Dunn, R.A.; Simone, G.W. - - Proceedings of the ... annual meeting Gainesville, Fla. : The Service. Circular Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. 1986. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. In V. 92. p. 76-89. Includes 8 references. (NAL subseries: Water Quality Initiative Series. May Cal 1 No. : DNAL 81 M384) 1991. (995). 11 p. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 275.29 F66C) 1770 1773 Fluidized bed material applied at disposal levels: effects on an apple orchard. Survey for pesticides in wells associated with JEVQAA. Korcak, R.F. Madison, Wis. : American apple and peach orchards in West Virginia. Society of Agronomy. Atmospheric f luidized-bed BECTA6. Hogmire, H.W. Weaver, J.E.; Brooks, combustion represents an economical technology J.L. New York, N.Y. : Spr i nger-Ver 1 ag . Bulletin for the burning of high S fossil fuel. The of environmental contamination and toxicology. combustion residue is a dry, alkaline material Jan 1990. v. 44 (1). p. 81-86. Includes resulting from the burning of coal (or other references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL RA 1 270 . P35A 1 ) fuel source) and limestone. Although the residue has been assessed as a limestone substitute, the current study examines the potential for disposing of relatively large quantities. Fluidized bed material (FBM) was applied at two rates to the surface area within the rows of an established apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard containing four tree 251 . : . . MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS 1774 Society of America. Binomial sequential sampling procedures were developed for Apple impact bruise prediction models. classifying the density of European red mites, Siyami. S. Brown, G.K.; Burgess, G.J.; Gerrish, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), with respect to four O.B.; Tennes, B.R.; Burton, C.L.; Zapp. H.R. critical densities. Frequencies of erroneous St. Joseph, M1ch. : The Society. American classifications made using these sampling Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche procedures and average sample sizes required to collection). Paper presented at the 1987 Summer make classifications were compared with Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural sequential sampling procedures that used Engineers. Available for purchase from: The complete counts of mites on leaves. The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, binomial procedures required approximately the Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, same average sample size and had approximately Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at the same frequency of erroneous classification. (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. The sample size efficiency of the binomial 1987. (fiche no. 87-6019). 22 p. Includes sequential classification sampling plan was references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). compared and found superior to the sample size efficiency of an estimation procedure based on binomial sampling. Field testing of one of the binomial sequential classification sampling 1775 plans showed that it rapidly and correctly classified mite densities. Journal of economic Azinpl-iosmethyl resistance and weight -related entomology. Apr 1989. v. 82 (2). p. 482-490. response of obi iquebanded leaf roller Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae to J822) insecticides. JEENAI. Reissig, W.H. Stanley, B.H.; Hebding, H.E. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. 1778 Includes statistical data. Apr 1986. v. 79 (2). p. 329-333. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: Damage threshold for pear psylla nymphs DNAL 421 J822) ( Homoptera : Psy 11 1 dae ) JEENAI. Burts, E.G. College Park, Md. Entomological Society of America. Journal of economic entomology. Apr 1988. v. 81 (2). p. 1776 599-601. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Binomial sampling plans for tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Graci 1 laridae) on apple in Utah. JEENAI. Jones, V.P. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. The dispersion of 1779 Phy 1 1 onorycter elmaella Doganlar & Mutuura (Lepidoptera: Grac i 1 1 ar i dae ) , a tentiform Development of oxygen concentration gradients leafminer infesting apple in Utah, was in flesh tissues of bulky plant organs. investigated over a 3-yr period. According to JOSHB. Rajapakse, N.C. Banks, N.H.; Hewett, Taylor's power law, mines are only slightly E.W.; Cleland, D.J. Alexandria, Va. : The clumped on a per leaf basis (alpha = 1.14, beta Society. Steady-state oxygen diffusion in flesh = 1.05, r2 = 0.94). Two different binomial of apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Braeburn sampling plans based on a constrained negative and Cox's Orange Pippin), Asian pears (Pyrus binomial distribution were evaluated to serotina Rehder . cvs. Hosui and Kosui), and estimate populations of leaf miners near the nectarines Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cvs. one to three mines per leaf economic threshold Red Gold and Sunglo was studied using a proposed for other leaf miners of this genus nondestructive method at 20C . Fruit flesh was attacking apple in the eastern United States. found to exert a significant resistance to 02 The proportion of leaves infested could not diffusion resulting in measurable 02 gradients provide accurate predictions over 1.7 mines per between tissues immediately beneath the skin leaf; however, the proportion of leaves and those at the fruit center for all these infested with two or more mines predicted fruits. The magnitude of these 02 gradients levels above three mines per leaf accurately. varied between crops and cultlvars and depended The use of this sampling plan in pest on the respiration rate and on effective 02 management programs is discussed. Journal of diffusivity in fruit flesh (Dc). Values of Do economic entomology. Apr 1991. v. 84 (2). p. varied with the cultivar and were broadly 484-488. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: consistent with intercellular space volume. The DNAL 421 J822). range of Dc values obtained suggested that 02 diffusion in fruit flesh takes place in a combination of series and parallel modes in the intercellular space and fluid/solid matrix of 1777 the flesh. The results imply that 02 diffusivity in flesh tissues must be taken into Binomial sequential classification sampling consideration in the determination of critical plans for European red mite (Acari external 02 level in controlled/modified Tetranychidae) with special reference to atmosphere (CA/MA) storage. Journal of the performance criteria. American Society for Horticultural Science. JEENAI. Nyrop, J. P. Agnello, A.M.; Kovach, J.; Sept 1990. V. 115 (5). p. 793-797. ill. Reissig, W.H. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 252 . . . . (MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS) S012) . No. : DNAL HD1401 . A56) . 1780 1784 Distribution Campylomma verbasci (Heteroptera: FROSTPRO, a model of overhead irrigation rates Miridae) nymphs on apple and an assessment of for frost/freeze protection of apple orchards. two methods of sampling. HJHSA . Perry, K.B. Alexandria, Va. : American JEENAI. Thistlewood. H.M.A. McMullen, R.D. Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Aug 1986. V. 21 (4). p. 1060-1061. Includes The distribution of Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). nymphs was examined on apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh. , during May, from 1982 to 1984, In the Okanagan Valley, B.C. Cluster samples, limb sections, and the limb tap method 1785 were used for these studies. Nymphs were found primarily within flower clusters and were The Georgian Bay apple industry. associated with the European red mite, CFRTA. Wilson, K.R. East Lansing, Mich. Panonychus ulmi (Koch), or webbing of International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. lepidopteran larvae. The efficiency of limb tap Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th sampling was estimated to be 71% of the Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree population in the region tapped, and its Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. estimates of mean density were not affected by 1987. V. 20. p. 51-53. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 spatial, temporal, or varietal factors within D96) orchards. With relative net precision as a measure of precision and cost, limb tap sampling was 1.9 to 5.3 times more efficient than cluster sampling for determination of 1786 nymphal density at economic levels. However, intensive sampling is required during short High density pear planting and management on period to achieve levels of precision quince dwarfing rootstock: a practical venture. acceptable for integrated pest management CFRTA. Tehrani , G. East Lansing, Mich. programs. Journal of economic entomology. Apr International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. 1989. V. 82 (2). p. 510-515. Includes Compact fruit tree. Presented at the 30th references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). Annual International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association Conference, Toronto, March, 1987. 1987. V. 20. p. 142-146. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 93.5 D96). 1781 An economic analysis of orchard rejuvenation in response to the reduction or the elimination of 1787 the use of Alar. NEMFA. Kimball, M. Autio, W.R. North Amherst, Management of the apple maggot in the eastern Mass. : The Association. New England fruit United States. meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual OASPA. Reissig, W.H. Corvallis, Or. : The meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Station. Special report - Oregon State Association. 1987. v. 93. p. 44-52. (NAL Call University, Agricultural Experiment Station. In No. : DNAL 81 M384) the series analytic: Ecology and management of economically important fruit flies / edited by M.T. AliNiazee. July 1988. (830). p. 56-72. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1782 100 0R3M) Fire blight and its control. NEMFA. Steiner, P.W. North Amherst, Mass. : The Association. New England fruit meetings ... 1788 Proceedings of the ... annual meeting - Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Model for failure and plastic-flow in fruit Meeting held January 31-February 1, 1990. 1990. col 1 i si on. V. 96. p. 39-43. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M384). Gan-Mor, S. Gal ill, N. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the 1783 American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Foreign market promotion programs: an analysis Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., of promotion response for apples, poultry, and 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. tobacco Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for Rosson, CP. III. Hammig, M.D.; Jones, J.W. New information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. York : John Wiley. Agribusiness, an 87-6021). 12 p. Includes references. (NAL Call international journal. Spring 1986. v. 2 (1). No. : DNAL FICHE S-72) . p. 33-42. Includes 16 references. (NAL Call 253 . , (MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS) 1789 low-02, atmospheres on their postharvest physiology and quality attributes. Soluble Model simulating the use of miticides to solids content (SSC). pH, and external control European red mite (Acarina: appearance were not significantly influenced, Tetranychidae) in Nova Scotia apple orchards. but resistance to C02, diffusion was increased JEENAI. Hardman, J.M. Lanham, Md. by the low-02 treatments. Exposures to the Entomological Society of America. A model was low-02 atmospheres inhibited ripening, developed to simulate chemical control of the including reduction in ethylene production European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in rate, retardation of skin color changes and Nova Scotia apple orchards. Simulated densities flesh softening, and maintenance of titratable of summer eggs and motile P. ulmi were similar acidity. The most important detrimental effect to densities observed in experimental plots of the low-02, treatments was development of an that had been treated with miticide on alcoholic off-flavor that had a logarithmic different dates. The P. ulmi model was used to relation with ethanol content of the fruits. estimate the best dates to apply miticides with The ethanol content causing slight off-flavor different biological half-lives (7 or 30 d) and (EO) increased with SSC of the commodity at the specific toxicities (i.e., toxic to all eggs; ripe stage, and it could be estimated using the toxic only to summer eggs; toxic only to motile following formula: (Log EO)/SSC = 0.228. Using forms). Criteria of effectiveness of a given SSC of ripe fruits and average ethanol application were cumulative mite-days to 15 accumulation rate per day (VE) from each low-02 July, yield per tree, and density of P. ulmi treatment, the tolerance limit (T1) of fruits winter eggs on 31 August. The best dates to to low-02, atmospheres could be predicted as apply miticide (usually shortly before or after follows: T1 = EO/VE = (10(0.228 SSC))/VE. winter eggs hatched) differed according to the Journal of the American Society for characteristics of the miticide and the Horticultural Science. Mar 1991. v. 116 (2). p. criterion of effectiveness (e.g., the best 253-260. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: dates for preserving yield were not necessarily DNAL 81 S012). the best dates for reducing winter eggs). The model also indicated problems in the use of the current economic threshold based on counts of summer eggs and motile P. ulmi on leaves. If 1792 the initial P. ulmi population is moderate or high and the choice of application date is Principles of gas exchange in bulky plant based on mite density on leaves, then tissues. application of miticide may be too late to HJHSA . Solomos, T. Alexandria, Va. : American prevent significant yield losses in the current Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. year, a high population of winter eggs at the Paper presented at the "Symposium on Factors end of the season, and reduced return bloom and that Influence Commodity Response to Controlled yield the following year. The model suggests Atmosphere Storage of the XXII International the importance of early spring assessments of Horticultural Congress/83rd ASHS Annual winter egg density and the necessity of Meeting," August 14, 1986, Davis, California. considering age structure of the P. ulmi Oct 1987. V. 22 (5). p. 766-771. Includes population and characteristics of the miticide references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL SB1.H6). in selecting dates for miticide application. Journal of economic entomology. Oct 1989. v. 82 (5). p. 1411-1422. Includes references. (NAL Cal 1 No. : DNAL 421 J822) . 1793 Quantifying apple maggot (Diptera: Tephrltldae) preference for apples to optimize the 1790 distribution of traps among trees. EVETEX. Murphy, B.C. Wilson, L.T.; Dowel 1 , R.V. Modeling aerial dispersal of the apple scab Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. fungus The spatial arid temporal distribution pattern FOPSA. Aylor, D.E. New Haven, Conn. : The of apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), Station. Frontiers of plant science - fly captures was monitored among trees within Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. an unmanaged apple orchard. Each tree within Fall 1990. V. 43 (1). p. 6-8. Includes the orchard was monitored weekly for the references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 F92). presence of flies using sticky traps. Fruit maturity was monitored weekly to determine percentage soluble solids. Significantly more apple maggot were captured on trees with mature 1791 fruit than on trees with immature fruit. A selective predation model was used to quantify Physiology and prediction of fruit tolerance to the effect of fruit preference on apple maggot low-oxygen atmospheres. captures. Two hypotheses were evaluated. The i JOSHB. Ke, D. Rodr i guez-S nobas , L.; Kader first hypothesis was that fly capture among A. A. Alexandria, Va. : The Society. Fruits of trees is a function of the relative sequence or 'Granny Smith' and 'Yellow Newtown' apples phenology of fruit maturation (tree category (Malus domestica Borkh), '20th Century' pear hypothesis). The second hypothesis was that fly (Pyrus serotina L.), and 'Angeleno' plum capture among trees is a function of apple (Prunus domestica L.) were kept in air and in maturity among trees, regardless of the 0.25% or 0.02% 02. at O, 5, or IOC for 3, 7, phenology, of fruit maturation (fruit maturity 14, 25, or 35 days to study the effects of hypothesis;. Both models explained the 254 . . . (MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS) distribution of fly capture among trees early for predicting infection. The impact of the in the growing season, but the fruit maturity revised criteria on scab warning systems is hypothesis best explained the entire season. discussed. Phytopathology. Mar 1989. v. 79 (3). The use of the model for predicting the p. 304-310. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: distribution pattern of apple maggot captures DNAL 464.8 P56) and the optimum placement of traps for apple maggot detection are discussed. Environmental entomology. Aug 1991. v. 20 (4). p. 981-987. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 1796 0L461 . E532) . Sequential classification of prey/predator ratio with application to European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Typhlodromus pyri 1794 (Acari : Phytosei idae) in New York apple orchards Relationships of foliar azi nphostnethyl JEENAI. Nyrop, J. P. Lanham, Md. : Entomological concentration, exposure time, and mortality for Society of America. A sequential sampling the apple maggot (Oiptera: Tephri tidae) procedure for calssifying the ratio of JEENAI. Stanley, B.H. Reissig, W.H.; Shoemaker, prey/predators with respect to a critical ratio C.A.; Robson, D.S. Lanham, Md. : Entomological was developed. This procedure was combined with Society of America. A laboratory bioassay to a sequential density classification procedure study the effects of az i nphosmethy 1 on adult for use in sampling European red mite apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)) and a phytosei id mortality and oviposition was developed by predator, Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) in New placing apple branches bearing field-weathered York apple orchards. Use of the sequential residues inside a wind tunnel. Repel lency by procedure would result in greater than or equal az i nphosmethy 1 that was observed in a previous to 40% savings in sample size for many prey and study did not occur. Thirty-six percent of the predator densities. Frequencies of erroneous females died after 24 h of exposure to 29- to classification were similar for the sequential 30-d-old residues, and the oviposition procedure and a fixed sample size procedure punctures per females were 66% lower than that that used the maximum number of samples that in the untreated controls. This reduction in might be taken when using the sequential oviposition was greater than would have been method. To use the sequential ratio expected from mortality alone and is probably classification procedure, variance-mean models caused by sublethal poisoning. These results for the prey and predator are required as well imply that sufficient protection may be as knowledge of the correlation between these provided by older residues (greater than 14d) two populations. Sensitivity analysis showed when apple maggot populations are low. that the procedure, as appl ied to European red Mortality was described by two mathematical mite and T. pyri, is robust with respect to models, which were corrected for the time that variation in this correlation. Journal of the flies spent on the nontoxic walls. The economic entomology. Feb 1988. v. 81 (1). p. relationships developed in this study should 14-21. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL contributed to the development of a 421 J822). "treat-when-needed" strategy for apple maggot control. Journal of economic entomology. June 1989. V. 82 (3). p. 895-905. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 J822). 1797 Some market power implications of the shipping act of 1984: a case study of the U.S. to 1795 Pacific rim transportation markets. Wilson, W.W. Casavant, K.L. Lincoln, Neb. : A revision of Mill's criteria for predicting Western Agricultural Economics Association. apple scab infection periods. Western journal of agricultural economics. Dec PHYTAJ. MacHardy, W.E. Gadoury. D.M. St. Paul, 1991. V. 16 (2). p. 427-434. Includes Minn. : American Phytopathological Society. A references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL H01750.W4). review of published investigations of the relationship between leaf wetness, temperature, and infection of apples leaves by Venturia inaequalis indicated that infection by 1798 ascospores requires approximately 3 hr less than the interval reported by Mills and Spectrophotometric study of bruises on whole Laplante (Cornell Ext. Bull. 711, rev. 1951). red delicious apples. Conidia require approximately 2.5 hr more than Upchurch, B.L. Affeldt, H.A.; Norris, K.A.; ascospores to infect apple foliage, rather than Throop, J. A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. two-thirds the time required by ascospores, as American Society of Agricultural Engineers stated by Mills. The discrepancy with ascospore (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the infection could be explained by the daily 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of periodicity of ascospore discharge, in which Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase nearly all ascospores are released during the from: The American Society of Agricultural daytime. A revision of Mill's warning system is Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. proposed which computes primary infection Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order periods from 0700 hr when the rain begins at Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and night and utilizes a new polynomial equation prices. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6566). 16 p. 255 . . . a (MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS) Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE 1801 S-72) . Temperature and wetness duration requirements for apple infection by Botryosphaeri a obtusa. PHYTA. Arauz, L.F. Sutton, T.B. St. Paul, Minn. 1799 American Phy topatho 1 og i cal Society. The combined effect of temperature and wetness Statistical methods for analyzing discrete duration on infection of apple Botryosphaer i responses of insects tested repeatedly. obtusa was studied on Delicious seedlings and EVETEX. Stanek, E.d. III. Diehl, S.R.; Golden Delicious apple fruit. The optimum Dgetluck, N. ; Stokes, M.E.; Prokopy, R.J. temperature for leaf infection was 26.6 C; at Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. this temperature, 4.5 and 13 hr were required A common study design in entomology involves for the pathogen to cause light and severe repeated measurement of a binary-response infection, respectively. Lower temperatures variable on a set of individual insects or required longer wetting periods for infection populations under different treatment to occur, and no infection was observed at 8 C conditions. An appropriate analysis of such with wetness periods shorter than 48 hr. At 32 data will allow patterns over time to be C, infection was reduced and a longer wetting compared between experimental groups, while period was required for infection than at 28 C. accounting for the correlations among the The optimum temperatures for fruit infection repeated tests of individuals or populations. ranged from 20 to 24 C ; 9 hr of wetting were We illustrate such an analysis using weighted required for light infection to occur. least squares methods for repeated measurement Infection of fruit required 38 hr of wetting at of oviposition respones of Rhagoletis pomonella 8 C, whereas 28 and 32 C resulted in reduced (Walsh) adult female flies to two types of test fruit infection. Models were derived fruit at four ages. We tested for differences empirically to indicate the duration of leaf in host acceptance behavior of adult flies wetness (W) necessary, at a given temperature originating as larvae from naturally infested (T), for a specified level of infection to apple versus hawthorn fruit, and effect (if occur. For light leaf infection (less than 1 = any) of fly age on this difference. Techniques 1 es ion/ 100( 2 ) cm of leaf tissue), W for model development, analysis of correlation 3527.7T(-2), and for severe leaf infection structure, and hypothesis testing are (greater than 10 lesions/100 cm(2)), W = 116 - presented. In the particular study considered, 5380.7T(-1) + 70257. 5T(-2) . For fruit there was evidence of a linear increase over infection, W = 14.8 - 265.2T(-1) + 2988. 4T(2). age in oviposition propensity for three of four No infection occurred under field conditions in 1 i arval -or i gi n/test -f ru t groups. The difference those instances where no infection was between flies of apple versus hawthorn larval predicted. The leaf infection models accurately origin when tested on apples was shown to be predicted the level of 84.7% of the infections age-dependent, whereas the difference in obtained under field conditions. In 8.5% of the response to hawthorn was consistent over the cases, less disease than expected for the range of ages tested in this study. These particular combination of W and T was obtained; methods are appropriate for a variety of more infection than predicted was observed in experimental designs commonly used in 6.8% of the cases. Most of the incorrect tox i i for periods where col og cal , physiological, behavioral, predictions occurred wetting ecological, and genetic studies of insects. moderate infection was anticipated. Environmental entomology. Apr 1987. v. 16 (2). Phytopathology. Apr 1989. v. 79 (4). p. p. 319-326. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: 440-444. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call DNAL QL461 . E532) No. : DNAL 464.8 P56) 1800 1802 The substitutabi 1 ity of domestic and foreign Temporal variability in repeated bioassays of labor in agricultural production. field populations of European red mite (Acari: Adu-Nyako, K. Emerson, R.D. Gainesville, Fla. Tetranychidae) : implications for resistance The Department. Staff paper - University of moni toring. Florida, Food and Resource Economics JEENAI. Martinson, T.E. Nyrop, J. P.; Denndhy, Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural T.J.; Reissig, W.H. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Sciences. Paper presented at the American Society of America. Discrimination bioassays Agricultural Economics Association Annual are increasingly being used to detect Meetings, July 31-August 3, 1988, Knoxville, resistance and estimate the frequency (F) of Tennessee. July 1988. (335). 18 p. Includes resistant (R) phenotypes in field populations. references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL HD 1 75 1 . A 1 S73 ) The proportion of survivors in discriminating bioassays is thought to measure the frequency of R phenotypes in the population. External factors that cause physiological stress in a field population may alter response to a discriminating concentration and affect estimates of F. Because susceptible (S) phenotypes already die at the discriminating concentration, only the response of R phenotypes changes. Thus, estimates of F will be biased and populations under stress will 256 . . (MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS) appear to be more susceptible than they really orchard temperatures during the first 70% are. Repeated discriminating bioassays of the postdiapause development of P. idaeusalis and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), then using 5-yr (1976-80) average hourly showed variability in estimates of F. Repeated orchard temperatures thereafter. Environmental bioassays of P. ulmi from commercial apple entomology. Apr 1988. v. 17 (2). p. 271-274. orchards were used to construct a cumulative Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL distribution function that describes the 0L461 . E532) probability that R phenotypes die in the discriminating bioassay. This distribution function was then used in simulations to explore the effect of day-to-day variability in 1805 tolerance of R phenotypes on resistance monitoring programs. Journal of economic Tufted apple budmoth (Lepldoptera: entomology. Aug 1991. v. 84 (4). p. 1119-1127. Tortricidae) : simulation of wi thi n-season Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 421 phenology in North Carolina. J822) EVETEX. Stinner, R.E. Rock. G.C.; Bacheler, J.E. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America. In-orchard temperatures and pheromone trap catch data for 21 orchard-year 1803 (1976-80) combinations were used to compare the accuracy of physiological time models in A tentative model to describe the respiration simulating and predicting the time intervals of stored apples. between male flight peaks of bivoltine JOSHB. Andrich, G. Fiorentini, R.; Tuci , A.; populations of the tufted apple budmoth, Zinnai, A.; Sommovigo, G. Alexandria, Va. : The Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), in North Society. Using mathematical equations that Carolina apple orchards. Linear models (degree describe the 02 mass-transfer and the enzymatic days) were not accurate within +/- 1 wk for oxidation of the organic substrates of apples simulating the time intervals between flight (Mai us domestica Borkh.), we developed a peaks for more than 16 of the 21 orchard-year kinetic model to correlate fruit respiration combinations. A nonlinear model simulates rate with environmental oxygen partial pressure within +/- 1 wk the interval between flight (P02). The kinetic determinations were carried peaks for 20 of the 21 orchard-year out at room temperature using apples stored at combinations provided that the time of the peak 3 to 4C for 11 to 19 weeks. Results show that: of the first flight is known, the model 1) the calculated value of the Michael i s-Menten simulates two generations rather than one, and constant related to the enzymatic oxidation of orchard temperatures are known. The nonlinear the respiratory substrate (Km = 2.1 +/- model predicts (+/- 1 wk accuracy) second 0.5.10-5 mol.kg-1) is close to that reported in flight peaks several weeks in advance by using the literature for cytochrome-c oxidase; 2) the actual orchard temperatures during the first located range of P02 levels where 02 becomes 80% of P. idaeusalis development and then using the limiting factor in the respiration process 5-yr (1976-80) average hourly orchard (near 2.6 kPa at T = 20.5 +/- 1C) is close to temperatures during the final 20% of those usually used on a commercial scale for development. Environmental entomology. Apr controlled atmosphere storage. Journal of the 1988. V. 17 (2). p. 266-270. Includes American Society for Horticultural Science. May references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 0L461.E532). 1991. V. 116 (3). p. 478-481. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 S012). 1806 1804 Undertree sprinkling for low temperature modification in apple orchards. Tufted apple budmoth ( Lepidoptera: Davies, D.L. Evans. R.G.; Campbell, G.S.; Tortricidae): simulation of postdiapause Kroeger, M.W. St. Joseph. Mich. : The Society. development and prediction of spring adult American Society of Agricultural Engineers emergence in North Carolina. (Microfiche collection). Paper presented at the EVETEX. Stinner, R.E. Rock, G.C.; Bacheler. 1987 Winter Meeting of the American Society of J.E. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase of America. In-orchard temperatures and from: The American Society of Agricultural pheromone trap catch data for 21 orchard-year Engineers, Order Dept.. 2950 Niles Road. St. (1976-80) combinations were used to compare the Joseph. Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order accuracy of physiological time models in Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and simulating and predicting male spring emergence prices. 1987. (fiche no. 87-2558). 26 p. ill. of the tufted apple budmoth. Platynota Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE idaeusalis (Walker), in North Carolina apple S-72) . orchards. By starting model simulations at the date in which larval postdiapause development was calculated to begin, linear (degree-day) and nonlinear models were accurate within +/- 1 wk in simulating spring flight peaks for 19 and 20 of the 21 orchard-year combinations, respectively. Nonlinear models predict the male spring flight peaks with an accuracy of +/- 1 wk simulated 5-22 d in advance by using actual 257 . . . . DOCUMENTATION 1807 Agricultural Research Service. Sept 1986. (53). 26 p. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Agricultural decision support system design; aS21 . R44A7 ) the evoluation of EASY -MACS. Mclnnis, P.J. Jr. Nyrop, J. P.; Wolf, W.A. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, 1990 . 1812 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Development, implementation, and adoption of / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January expert systems in plant pathology. 31 -February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, APPYA. Travis, J.W. Latin, R.X. Palo Alto, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. p. Calif. Annual Reviews, Inc. Annual review of 602-607. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL S494.5.D3I5 phytopathology. Literature review. 1991. v. 29. 1990) p. 343-360. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 AN72). 1808 1813 Analysis of impacts recorded with an instrumented sphere. Development of a microcomputer-based expert Klug. B.A. Tennes, B.R.; Zapp, H.R. St. Joseph, system for apple scab management. Mich. : The Society. American Society of Cooley, D. Cohen, P.; Ward, K. Gainesville : Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection). Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, Paper presented at the 1987 Winter Meeting of Univ. of Florida, 1988? . Proceedings of the the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 2nd International Conference on Computers in Available for purchase from: The American Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S. Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., Zazueta, A.B. (Del) Bottcher, eds . Conference 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake information and prices. 1987. (fiche no. Buenavista, Orlando, Florida, p. 230-233. 87-3514). 18 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). S494.5.D3I5 1988). 1809 1814 APPLESCAB: a teaching aid on microcomputers. Electronic unit field tested for predicting PLDRA. Blaise, P. Arneson, P. A.; Gessler, C. apple scab. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogi cal ORRDA. Ellis. M.A. Madden, L.V.; Wilson, L.L. Society. Plant disease. July 1987. v. 71 (7). Wooster, Ohio : The Center. Ohio report on p. 574-578. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: research and development in agriculture, home DNAL 1 .9 P69P) economics, and natural resources - Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. May/June 1985. v. 70 (3). p. 45-47. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 100 0H3S (3)). 1810 Application of computer vision for detecting watercore in apples. 1815 Throop, J. A. Rehkugler, G.E.; Upchurch, B.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. American An expert system for apple orchard management. Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche AAEPC. Heinemann, P.H. Travis, J.W.; Rajotte, collection). Paper presented at the 1988 Winter E.G.; Bowser, T. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Society. Paper - American Society of Engineers. Available for purchase from: The Agricultural Engineers. Paper presented at the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1989 International Summer Meeting, June 25-28, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada. Summer 1989. Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (89-7038). 18 p. Includes references. (NAL Call (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. No.: DNAL 290.9 AM32P).. 1988. (fiche no. 88-6567). 26 p. ill. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FICHE S-72). 1816 1811 Simultaneous use of infection criteria for three apple diseases for timing of fungicide A computer management system for apple ("Malus sprays X domestica" Borkh. ) germplasm with resistance PHYTA. Arauz, L.F. Sutton, T.B.; Pope, L.R. St. to diseases and arthropod pests. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathol ogical Goonewardene , H.F. Rudkevich, V.; Grosso, R.; Society. The feasibility of using criteria for Williams, E.B. Beltsville, Md . : The Service. infection by Botryosphaer i a obtusa, Venturia - ARS U.S. Department of Agriculture, inaequalis. and Gymnosporang i urn 258 . (DOCUMENTATION) i j uni per -V i rg i ni anae on foliage of apple (Malus X domestica) in a combined weather-based forecasting system for frogeye leaf spot, apple scab, and cedar-apple rust was evaluated through computer simulation and in a field study. Ten sets of historical weather data from two locations in North Carolina were analyzed. Using a 7-day minimum waiting period between eradicant sprays, eight to 15 fungicide applications per season were required. More applications were required with the forecaster than with a typical calendar-based spray program for five data sets; the same number of sprays were advised for one data set; and less spraying was advised with the forecaster for four data sets. With a 14-day minimum waiting period between fungicide applications, six to nine sprays per season were advised. In a field trial , weather-based eradicant sprays of penconazole or tebuconazole resulted in similar levels of frogeye leaf spot and lower levels of scab and rust as compared to the levels resulting from the standard calendar-based protectant program (mancozeb + benomyl at 2-wk intervals). However, more sprays were required in the weather-based program using a 7-day minimum waiting period between eradicant sprays than for the calendar-based program. Levels of all three diseases were similar In a 14-day protectant program using either tebuconazole or penconazole as compared to eradicant programs of the same fungicides. Apple seedlings were set outdoors and exposed to natural inoculum of B. obtusa, G. juniper 1 -vlrglnianae, and V. inaequalis for 18 Individual wetting periods to evaluate the effect of eradicant sprays on subsequent disease development. In all cases In which infection occurred, application of an eradicant spray of tebuconazole resulted In reduction of the three diseases as compared to that on a nonsprayed control. Phytopathology. Nov 1990. V. 80 (11). p. 1212-1218. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 464.8 P56). 1817 Validation of an electronic unit for predicting apple scab Infection periods. OARCB. Ellis, M.A. Madden, L.V.; Wilson, L.L. - Wooster, Ohio : The Center. Research circular Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. July 1986. (290). p. 55-57. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 100 0H3R) 259 . HUMAN MEDICINE, HEALTH AND SAFETY 1818 Alar in apples: Facts and fantasies. Yonkers, N.Y. : The Union. Common concerns about consumption of apples and apple products made from alar-treated fruit and cancer risk are addressed in a question and answer format. Consumer reports - Consumers Union of United States. May 1989. v. 54 (5). p. 291. (NAL Call No. : DNAL 321 .8 C762) . 1819 Bad apples. Yonkers, N.Y. : The Union. The history of the discovery of UDMH (a breakdown product formed when alar containing products are cooked) as health hazards and attempts to ban alar's use is outlined. The sensitivity of two testing methods (PAM II and Conditt) is briefly discussed. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations; the reaction of the baby food industry; and the results of Consumer Reports testing of apples and apple juices are presented. The health risk of cancer from UDMH consumption and recommendations are included. Consumer reports - Consumers Union of United States. May 1989. v. 54 (5). p. 288-290, 292. ill., charts. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 321.8 C762). 1820 No carcinogen/zero residue production system for apples. ARHMA. Jones, A.L. East Lansing, Mich. : The Society. Annual report - Michigan State Horticultural Society. 1990. (120th). p. 176-180. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 81 M58 ) 1821 Residues and mutagenicity of captan applied to apple trees and potential human exposure. JPFCD2. Rashid, K.A. Kawar, N.S.; Hull, L.A.; Mumma, R.O. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. Journal of environmental science and health. Part B. Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes. 1987. v. 22 (1). p. 71-89. Includes references. (NAL Call No.: DNAL TD172. J61 ) . 260 AUTHOR INDEX . 910, 950, 1410 Archibald, D.E. 789, 736, 840, 841 AAEPC. 208, 1815 ARHMA. 42, 163, 524, 1271, 1515, 205, 1740, AAREEZ. 508, 1423, 1482, 1300, 1505, 529 468, 1487, 1356, 1617, 784, 1116, 1820, 984, Abbott, J. A. 395, 1374 615, 995, 47, 113, 257, 1257, 528, 153, 1532, Abe, K. 31, 380 194, 1535, 1011, 1228, 172, 509, 996, 1117, ABJOA. 1460, 1586, 1612 999, 1107, 263, 1405, 69, 230, 1744, 70, 231, Acuff, G. 266 1745, 233, 1747, 43, 173, 38, 169, 1631, 11, Adams, G. 986 81, 1643, 474, 1654, 1753 Adams, R.G. 901 Arie, R.B. 1286 Adams, Roger G. 235, 523, 721 Armstrong, K.F. 675, 742 Adier, C.R.L. 738, 612, 590 Armstrong, P.R. 1327, 1725 Adu-Nyako, K. 78, 1642, 1800 Arneson, P. A. 9, 933, 1809 AertS, M. 966, 965, 969 Arnoldi , 0. 693 AESAAI. 714, 839, 838, 834, 70S, 743, 1570, Arthur, Joseph Char les,_1 850- . 1213 1605, 799, 1577, 1599, 697, 1567, 1604, 715, Askham, L.R. 551 590, 700 Atwood, S.T. 1315, 1470 Affeldt, H.A. 137, 1762, 1798 Austin, D.D. 542 Afifl, A.M. 812 Autio, W.R. 465, 1514, 1539, 486, 1696, 914, Agee, H.R. 865 291, 405, 357, 1673, 1741, 404, 484, 1693, 206, Agnello, A. 592, 632 1672, 61, 190, 1781 Agnello, A.M. 638, 639, 601, 1777, 765 Averill, A.L. 685, 495, 905 Agnew, K. 312, 496 Ayers, G.S. 1460, 1586, 1612 Agranovsky, A. A. 1239 Aylor, D.E. 1110, 1790, 953 AGREA. 48, 261, 1615, 167, 606, 1659, 975, 334; Aylsworth, J. 1323, 1724 435, 882 Babcock, J.M. 628 Aichele, M.D. 398, 1240 Bacheler, J.E. 896, 1804, 897, 1805 AJBOAA. 412, 441 Badger, Henry T._1923-. 112, 1638 Akre, R.D. 844, 893, 596, 1563, 1595 Bailey, L. H._1858-. 126, 307 Aldwinckle, H. S. 991, 1179, 1260 Bailey, S.S. 1164, 1557 Aldwinckle, H.S. 1229, 1127, 1041, 401, 1143, Baker, T.C. 759 1150, 369, 1088 Baligar, V.C. 418, 1249 Aldwinkle, H.S. 350, 1184 Band, H.T. 716 Alemian, N.S. 95, 1630 Banks, N.H. 440, 1663, 1779 Aleong, J. 918 Baranowski, J.O. 287, 1692, 1760 AIINiazee, M.T. 581. 755, 1452, 1716, 575, 576, Barden, J. A. 486, 1696, 156, 1294 697, 1567, 1604, 579 Barney, O.L. 1292 Allan, S.A. 854 Barrett, B.A. 698, 898, 883, 800 Allen, D. 260, 1754 Barritt, B.H. 377, 1095, 302, 283, 1759, 308, Allen, F. W. 1887-. 135, 253, 1751 1547, 285, 1313, 1543 Allen, W.R. 822, 679 Barthakur, N.N. 788 Aim, S.R. 342, 626, 406, 877 Batra, L.R. 1017 ALMFA. 885 Baugher, T.A. 669, 132, 1726, 1731, 1300, 1505, Alston, 0. 699 314, 1548 Altieri, M.A. 650, 1534, 625 Baumann, G.L. 1437 Aluja, M. 786 Bay, E.G. 569 AMNAA. 716, 540 Bayot, R.G. 1219 AMNTA. 671, 1565, 1591 Bazak, M. 1334 Anagnostakis, S.L. 953 Beaudry, R.M. 205, 1740 Anchipanova, Ya.Ya. 873 Bebee, Charles N. 276, 548, 945 Anderson, Bruce L. 123, 299 Becker, CM. 1146 Anderson, J.B. 1164, 1557 BECTA6. 1444, 1675, 1466, 1722, 1430, 1483, Andrews, J.H. 1102, 1109, 1089, 1090, 1082, 1471, 1773 1158 Beer, S.V. 1229, 353, 1188, 1205, 1221, 350, Andrich, G. 489, 1700, 1803 1184 Angerilli, N.P.D. 683, 1391, 1711 Beers , B . 797 Annan, R.O. 1298, 1439 Beers , E . 574 Anthony, R.G. 540 Beers, E.H. 6, 409, 904, 557, 1413, 1560, 593, Antonelli, A. 804, 734 907, 668, 657, 1500, 1733, 301, 490, 888, 443, Antonelli, A.L. 574, 514, 569, 516 659, 783, 1457, 482, 835. 707, 740, 654 Apel , G. 1361, 1681 Bel anger, A. 1424, 577 APMBA. 1200, 1191, 1222, 1202 Bell, R.L. 361, 691, 360, 688 APPYA. 513, 1812 Bellemann, P. 1202 Arauz, L.F. 1138, 1720, 1020, 1153, 1816, 1099, Bemis, J.G. 946 1161, 1801 Ben-Arie, R. 1288, 1019, 1337, 1334 261 AUTHOR INDEX Ben-David, Shaul . 122, 1641 Burgess, G.J. 1321, 1774 Bennedsen, B.S. 1333, 1616 Burr, T.J. 1200, 1180, 1226, 1067, 1133, 1074, Bennett, R.G. 817 1176, 998, 997, 1073 Benschoter. C.A. 760. 1394 Burton, C.L. 1332, 1633, 1338, 1637, 1664, Benson, M. 1112, 1366, 1456 1322, 1628, 1321, 1774, 1284, 1371 Berbee, P.M. 1090 Burts, E. 748 Bergdahl , D.R. 977 Burts, E.G. 668, 348, 633, 1778, 857 Berkett, L.P. 914, 644, 936, 1071 Buser, H.R. 1432, 1709 Berkett, L.P. ed. 532, 1477 Bush, G.L. 830, 1580, 1589, 706, 1568, 1610 Berlocher, S.H. 761, 1573, 1588 Butt, B.A. 361, 691, 360, 688, 795 Bessette, P. 986 Buttler, T.M. 158, 1422, 1766, 1459, 1772 Bethel 1, R. S. 974, 1421 Buxton, B.M. 94, 139, 1629 Bethel 1, R.S. 973 Byers, R.E. 1316, 216, 156, 1294, 226, 373, Beulah, J. 1319, 1491 237, 531, 541, 990 Blelenin, A. 1152 Byther, R. 1130 Biggs, A.R. 480, 1311, 1464 Byther, R.S. 955, 514, 516 Biggs, Gilbert W._1919-. 88, 98, 179 CAGRA. 191, 625 Bingham, F.T. 430, 1486, 1516 Caldwell, D.L. 1076, 1047 Binning, L.K. 148, 324, 503, 502, 1419 Cameron, H.R. 294, 928, 1154 Binns, M.R. 843 Camoni , I. 1466, 1722 Bishop, B.L. 51, 315 Campbell, G.S. 1318, 1806 Bitting, H. Wayne_1911-. 112, 1638 Campbell, R.J. 458, 709 Blaise, P. 9, 933, 1809 Campt, D. 26, 1428 Blankenship, S.M. 471 Canfleld, M.L. 1207 Blanpied, G.D. 1245, 1658, 227, 1353, 1674 Cannon, S.J. 1106 Blizzard, S. 108, 228 Cano, M.P. 1032, 1347 Blizzard, S.H. 529, 314, 1548 Cano, P. 1431, 1662, 1708 Boal, R.J. 1101 Cappellini, R.A. 1335 Bogyo, T.P. 165, 333, 507 Carbaugh, D.H. 1316, 156, 1294, 541 Boivin, G. 693, 1424, 63, 656 Carle, S.A. 495, 905 Bonn, W.G. 1217 Carlson, R.F. 155 Booth, S.R. 575, 576 Carpenter, S.G. 1305, 1618 Borden, J.H. 832, 854 Carpenter, W.S. 69, 230, 1744 Borgic, D.M. 1357, 1677 Carroll, D.P. 718, 859, 641, 680 Bostanian, N.J. 1424, 843, 577 Carruthers, R.R. 73, 248 Boudreau, F. 1424 Casavant, K.L. 121, 1797 Boudreau, M.A. 1082 Cassani , G. 872 Bowser, T. 208, 1815 Castaldi , M. 58, 180 Boyer, CD. 1359 Castellari, P.L. 872 Boyko, V.P. 1239 Caswell, K.L. 174, 436 Boyne, J.V. 642, 643, 881, 660 Cave, F.E. 821, 1578 Bramlage, W.J. 1257, 404, 484, 1693, 1279, Cayton, B.D. 314, 1548 1256, 273, 1687, 466, 1272, 1676, 151, 417, Ceponis, M. J._1916-. 279 1727 476, 1369, 1375, 1684, 420, 1495, 1707, Ceponis, M.J. 1335 1342. 1379 Cervantes, L.A. 1131, 1350, 1343, 1668, 1132, Bratley, C. G._1903-1948. 1096, 1715 1481, 1488, 202, 450, 1028, 1370 Braun, H.E. 1123 CFRTA. 265, 391, 229, 1786, 252, 203, 451, Brazee, R.D. 1436, 1458 1737, 283, 1759, 220, 1785, 73, 248, 335, 1254, Britton, K.O. 982, 1045 695 Broembsen, S. von. 510 Chalmers, D.J. 288, 1625, 255, 473, 1541, 305, Brooks, J.L. 1471, 1773, 508, 1423, 1482 1546 Brooks, L.A. 36, 394 Chalutz, E. 1339, 1326 Brooks, M. 1438 Chamel , A.R. 1281 Brooks, M.W. 613 Chandler, C.K. 337, 1178 Brown, E.A. II. 982 Chaney, R.L. 422, 444, 1267 Brown, E.M. 1381, 1049, 1012, 958, 981, 1006, Chang, L.W.H. 1125, 809 968, 957 Chapman , P . S . 570 Brown, G.K. 1356, 1617, 1328, 1332, 1633, 1338, Chapman, R.B. 775 1637, 1664, 1322, 1628, 1321, 1774 Chen, C.T. 820 Brown, G.R. 486, 1696 Chen, P. 134, 1748, 1317, 1699 Brown, M.W. 556, 1559, 1607, 460, 710, 738, Chen, P.M. 1261, 1380, 1357, 1677 891, 862, 612, 722, 428, 464, 720, 787, 590 Chen, T.A. 1201 Brown, S.K. 744 Chen, T.H.H. 186, 439 Browne, G.T. 1024 Chet, I. 1005, 1533 Brownlee, C.H. 1520, 1624 Chlba, M. 1157, 1469, 437, 630, 1348 Brubaker, R.R. 1208 Chiba, T. 30, 379 Brunner, J.F. 898, 883, 690 Chilcote, C.A. 830, 1580, 1589, 706, 1568, 1610 Bruno, D. 522 Chilton, W.S. 1021, 1399 Bruton, B.D. 395, 1374 Chiou, C.S. 1169 Bryant, B. 1361, 1681 CHNCA8. 475, 1115 Burditt, A.K. Jr. 754, 1393, 702, 1392, 351, Christie, M. 892 663 Chu, C.L. 201, 1667, 182, 200, 1666, 1734 Burge, G. 255, 473, 1541, 305, 1546 Cimanowski, J. 1134 262 AUTHOR INDEX Ciurlino, R. 741, 1404 Davies, D.L. 1318, 1806 Civerolo, E.L. 1173 Davis, D.W. 899 Clark. J.D. 796 Davis, H.G. 570 Clark, J.M. 1443, 1769, 613, 1438 Davis, T.D. 1292 Clayton-Greene, K. 1238 Dayton, D.F. 386, 21, 330 Cleland, D.J. 440, 1663, 1779 De la Plaza, J.L. 1032, 1347 Cline, R.A. 183, 438, 1661, 201, 1667, 182, Dean, R.W. 605 200, 1666, 1734 DeGrand i -Hoffman, G. 723 Clinton, W. 1066 Delnzer, M.L. 1384, 1468, 1723 Cochran A.E. II. 1330 Delwiche, M.J. 519 Cochran, A.E. II. 1063, 1046, 1055, 990, 1053 Dem'yanova, G.F. 475, 1115 Cohen, P. 1009, 1813 DeMarree, A.M. 72 Cohran, A.E. II. 1054 Denndhy, T.J. 884, 1802 Cole, H. Jr. 1118, 1029 Dennehy, T. 772 Cole, K.J. 789, 736 Dennehy, T.J. 833, 870, 559, 608, 704, 879, 629 Coll, W. 805 Derr, D. Ill, 251 Coli, W.H. 595 Derr, D.I. 50, 304, 96, 171 CoH , W.M. 741, 1404, 388, 778, 1443, 1769, Dewey, D.H. 1262, 1331 1438 Deyton, D.E. 1504 Collison, C.H. 462, 713 Dgetluck, N. 871, 1799 Collison, R. C._1884-. 1506, 1537 Di Muccio, A. 1466, 1722 Comis, D. 334, 435 Dickrell, P. A. 85 Coitistock, R.E. 1036, 1034, 1077, 1037 Diehl, K.C. 175, 1329 Concklin, M.E.C. 1026 Diehl, S.R. 871, 1799, 715 Conway, K.E. 1155, 1162 Diener, R.G. 529 Conway, W.S. 1360, 1679, 395, 1374, 1359, 1349, Dilley, D.R. 1271, 1515, 205, 1740 1345, 1669, 1736, 1341 Dilley, M.A. 377, 1095 Cooley, D. 1009, 1813, 1038 Disbros, L.D. 1067 Cooley, D.R. 465, 1514, 1539, 644, 936, 983, Disbrow, L.D. 1133, 1074 1175 Dobson, J.W. 1045 Cooley, S.S. 824, 1579, 1600, 700 Dobson, R.L. 1131, 1016, 1479 Coppock, S. 610, 989, 1177, 510, 511. 611 Dodd, R.B. 519 Cordon, C. 1446 Dolbeer, R.A. 534 Corliss. J. 167, 606, 1659 Dolja, V.V. 1239 Corrigan, J.E. 817. 749 Doll, C.C. 925 Cossentlne. J.E. 774 Domek, J. 847 Costante. J.F. 914. 54, 157. 1246. 918. 920 Domek, J.M. 732, 636 Covey . R . 1 1 30 Dowel 1, R.V. 826, 1793 Covey, R.P. 1217, 377, 1095, 284, 1224, 987, Dozier, W.A. Jr. 1463, 488, 1159 963 Drake, C.R. 960, 961 Covey, R.P. Jr. 1120 Drake, M. 420, 1495, 1707, 1379 Cowie, V. 525, 763, 1306 Drake, S.R. 277, 1689, 287, 1692, 1760, 1237, Cox, C. 83, 1476 1749 Crabtree, G. 1296, 1435 Dropkin, V.H. 1072 Crabtree, K.W. 602 Drummond, F.A. 768 Crabtree, S. 1296, 1435 Drummond , F.J. 613 Creasy, L.L. 10, 41, 162 Ducroquet , J . P . 1 003 Creemers, P. 1444, 1675 Dunn, J.S. 160 Crim, V.L. 669, 891, 1298, 1439 Dunn, R.A. 158, 1422, 1766, 1459, 1772 Crocker, T.E. 158, 1422, 1766, 1459, 1772. 147 Dyck, V.A. 402, 1385 Croft, B.A. 863, 694, 645, 866, 764, 797 Ebers, V. 11, 81, 1643 Croliss, J. 975 Eckenrode, C.J. 349, 634 Cruickshank, R.H. 499, 1368, 1719 Eckert, J.W. 1336 Crump, D.R. 553, 552 ECOLA. 801, 813, 1552 CSMOBF. 79, 300, 56, 170 Ehlers, C.G. 967 CS0SA2. 1312, 1489, 1485, 1508, 1622, 321, Ehret, G.R. 976, 1036, 1034, 1077, 1037 1507, 1621, 432, 1526, 427, 459, 1513 Elfving, D.C. 311, 183, 438, 1661, 201, 1667, CUCEB. 532, 1477 182, 200, 1666, 1734 CUMIDD. 1230 Elisha, S. 1052 Cummins, J.N. 744 Elkinton, J.S. 786 Currier, W.W. 1437 Elliot, K.C. 529 Curry, E.A. 492, 1474, 154, 1728 Elliott, A. P. 916 Curtis, C.E. 796 Elliott, C.K. 1106 Curtis, D. 1277 Ellis, M. 1044 Cushing, N. 764, 827 Ellis, M.A. 62, 1018, 1065, 1163, 1817, 1008, Cutright, CI ifford Reginald, _1893-. 149, 568 1273, 1450, 1064, 1075, 1039, 1814 D'Souza, M.C. 1386, 1490, 1283 Eisner, E.A. 783, 1457 Daines, R.H. 1004 Emerson, F. 21, 330 Dana, M.N. 268, 1214 Emerson, F.H. 386, 1388 Danka, R.G. 462, 713 Emerson, R.D. 78, 1642, 1800, 29, 68, 142 David, P.J. 676, 640, 792 EMNGD. 587 Davids, A.J. 998, 997, 1073 EMSPA. 1326 Davidson, R. 955 ENREB. 828 263 AUTHOR INDEX Esposito, R.M. III. 759 Frecon, J.L. 258, 390, 943 Estabrooks, E.N. 7, 92, 150 Freeman, J. 582 Evans, M. 1066 Freeman, S. 1005, 1533 Evans, R. 5, 1280, 1309 French, D.W. 977 Evans, R.G. 1318, 1806 Fridlund, P.R. 1237, 1749, 398, 1240 Evans, W.G. 758 Friedman, W. 926 Everest, J.W. 234, 719, 1355, 555, 951, 1412, Frindlund, P.R. 1231 910, 950, 1410 Frisch, T. 664 EVETEX. 826, 1793, 683, 848, 494, 1584, 1601, Fuchigami, L.H. 186, 439 728, 638, 825, 898, 442, 648, 802, 609, 744, Fugger, B. 265, 391 746, 849, 1582, 1593, 661, 732, 731, 845, 883, Fukumoto, M. 1258 794, 679, 819, 862, 646, 1185, 612, 861, 676, Funt, R.C. 49, 115. 1639, 62, 1018, 51. 315, 640, 786, 871, 1799, 443, 659, 585, 753, 689, 337, 1178 1233, 896, 1804, 897, 1805, 636, 777, 1614, Furgason, E.S. 1388, 1387 829, 790, 1575, 1606, 627, 1182, 411, 908, 642, FVRJA. 364, 1084, 486, 1696, 323, 1168, 1244. 643, 881, 764, 718, 795, 491, 1473, 1587, 647, 363, 1083, 357, 1673, 1741, 1238, 404, 484, 770, 749, 604, 823, 800, 859, 641, 906. 701, 1693, 377, 1095, 1149, 110, 245, 314, 1548, 673, 768, 406, 877, 762, 780, 886 165, 333, 507, 303, 1545, 146, 434, 1170, 246, EVOLA. 830, 1580, 1589, 706, 1568, 1610, 1164, 381, 470, 309, 410, 1243, 269, 1121, 164, 332, 1557 588, 337, 1178, 397, 1137, 1755, 365, 1195, Ewart, H.W. 1361, 1681 366, 1196, 398, 1240, 211, 362, 454, 342, 626 Facteau, T. 1277, 184, 1497, 1634 Fye, R.E. 624 Fadeev, YU.N. 684, 1566 Gabriel, Harry S. ,_1892-. 120 Fajotte, E.G. 698 Gadoury, D.M. 1144, 1795, 1119, 457, 1092, Falkenstein, H. 1202 1043, 1087, 1111 Fallahi, E. 278, 1690, 1757 Gal ill, N. 1364, 1788 Fan, F. 422, 444, 1267 Gallott, J. 1408 Farag, K.H. 306, 1656, 1764 Gallott, J.C. 401, 1143 Fare, D.C. 1197 Gan-Mor, S. 1364, 1788 Faust, M. 1276, 422, 444, 1267, 1266 Garcia, C. 134, 1748 Feder, J.L. 830, 1580, 1589, 706, 1568, 1610 Garman, H. 637 Feistner, G. 1230 Garner, C.R. 44, 60 Felker, P. 322, 396, 478 GARRA. 82, 1644, 52, 316, 131, 317 Ferguson, I.B. 1253 Garretson, M. 1023, 1035, 1097, 1013, 956, 959, Fernald, C. H._1838-. 3, 188, 652, 187, 651 972, 971, 1014 Fernandez, R.T. 468, 1487 Gaul, S.O. 256, 767 Ferree, D.C. 1238, 236, 467, 51, 315, 146, 434, Gaunce, A. P. 683, 402, 1385, 854 1170, 238, 1517, 337, 1178, 59, 189, 203, 451, Gazaway, W. 910, 950, 1410 1737, 155, 1008, 1273, 1450, 1274, 1075 Geider, K. 1202 FETMA. 607. 846. 1581, 1592, 564 GENSAB. 811, 852 Flala, J.L. 28, 368, 27, 367, 1085, 23, 344, GENTA. 761, 1573, 1588 25, 346, 24, 345, 22. 343 Georgi , L.L. 929, 1242, 917, 1564, 1609, 922, Finney, M.M. 1173 1574, 1603 Fiorentini, R. 489, 1700, 1803 Geraslmova, N.M. 475, 1115 Fischer, W.R. 1224 Gerling, W.O. 45, 655, 46, 223 Fisher, D. F. 962 Gerrish, J.B. 1321, 1774 Fisher, G. 579 Gessler, C. 1147, 9, 933, 1809 Fisher, P. 615, 995 Gianfagna, T. 1429 Fitch, W.L. 1433, 1767 Gilbert, M.T. 1200 Fitenmi 1 ler, R.R. 254, 498 Giles, O.K. 519 Fitzgibbon, F. 1391, 1711 Gilliam, C.H. 1197 Fitzpatrick, J.d. 1520, 1624 Glenn, D.M. 198, 423, 1502, 1519 Fleischer, S.d. 743, 1570, 1605 Glover, T.J. 704 Flemer, W. III. 33, 385 Godfrey, M. 539 Flexner, J.L. 593, 694, 797 Goffings, G. 1444, 1675 FNETD. 1076, 1047, 1066, 960, 1381, 994, 1063, Gonzalves, P. 903 1122, 1049, 1012, 958, 1068, 1142, 1050, 992, Goonewardene , H. F. 176, 338 1051, 966, 1036, 1034, 1077, 1091, 1023, 1035, Goonewardene , H.F. 341, 617, 1001, 340, 616, 1097, 1013, 1065, 1067, 1133, 1074, 1046, 1055, 1000, 359, 339, 614, 1811, 165, 333, 507, 164, 1004, 1069, 1052, 963, 1176, 1070, 1026, 1071, 332, 588, 358, 876, 1160, 708 1330, 1351, 916, 1079, 1054, 990, 1053, 967, Gordon, F.C. 696, 1551 954, 1139, 968, 957, 1072, 993, 1048, 965, 969, Gorris, M.T. 1191 1037, 956, 959, 972, 971, 1014, 1045, 1043, Gorsuch, C.S. 561, 319, 952, 912, 1167, 909. 1064, 961, 998, 997, 1073 1165 FOPSA. 1110, 1790, 573 Gotlieb, A.R. 415, 1234, 416, 1235 Forbes, J.E. 537 Goupy, P.M. 1264 Forshey, C.G. 238, 1517, 250 Cover , A . E . 1 400 Fortin, C.N. 403, 1145 Graden, J. 130, 1648 Fortlage, R.J. 1010 Granger, R.L. 403, 1145, 185, 1498 Foster, D.H. 994, 1079 Graves, B. 5, 1280, 1309 Fox, R.D. 1436, 1458 Gray, N.H. 1063, 1046, 1055, 1054, 1053 Frank, R. 1123 Green, T.A. 793, 631, 906, 595 Franzblau, J. 43, 173 Greene, D.W. 281, 1691, 465, 1514, 1539, 357, 1673, 1741, 1279, 222, 1743, 206, 1672, 195, 264 AUTHOR INDEX 445, 1665, 2.07, 452 254, 498, 226, 373, 284, 352, 1187, 534, 472, Greene, G.M. 657, 1500, 1733 1682, 132, 1726, 1731, 481, 831, 359, 1278, Greene, G.M. II. 1263, 1496 1286, 1283, 386, 437, 630, 723, 487, 1528, 358, Grinet, E. 19, 328, 18, 327 479, 1688, 1792, 1003, 160, 1291, 1287, 401, Grimm, J.W. 482, 835 1143, 531, 666, 193, 1265, 272, 1686, 541, 294, GRLEA. 556, 1559, 1607, 782, 711, 1569, 1602 928, 1154, 876, 1160, 174, 436, 10, 41, 162, Gross, D.C. 453, 1192 1357, 1677, 1302, 1623, 1784, 1027, 1735, 369, Gross, K.C. 1359 1088, 433, 1527, 421, 1480, 1292 Grosso, R. 339, 614, 1811 Hoebeke, E.R. 584, 1561, 1608 Grove , G . 1 1 30 Hoffmann, A. A. 671, 1565, 1591 Grove, G.G. 1101, 1190, 987 Hogmire, H. 773 Gugl lelmetti , G. 872 Hogmire, H.W. 669, 891, 1471, 1773, 508, 1423, Gur, A. 485, 1695 1482, 132, 1726, 1731, 529, 1298, 1439 Gustafson, Robert L. 109, 241 Hogmire, H.W. Jr. 13, 572, 932 Gustin, F. 1444, 1675 Hogue, E.J. 280, 1524, 1319, 1491, 455, 1510, Gut, L.J. 587, 851 544, 1402 Gyawu, . 100, 1636 Hon ingsworth, C. 805 Gyawu, D.A.T. 104, 215 Hoi 1 ingsworth, M.H. 1463, 488, 1159 Habecker, M.A. 198, 423, 1502 Holmes, R.J. 499, 1368, 1719 Hadidi, A. 374, 1236 Holtzman, G.I. 640 Hagley, E.A.C. 388, 778, 822, 679, 785 Hoopi ngarner, R.A. 1460, 1586, 1612 Hale, T. 127, 1647 Hopfinger, J. A. 1252, 258, 390, 943 Hall, F.R. 1436, 526, 874, 342. 626 Hornsby, A.G. 158, 1422, 1766, 1459, 1772 Hamilton, G.C. 192, 658 Horsburgh, R.L. 676, 640, 604, 701, 792 Hammig, M.D. 16, 103, 1783 Horton, D. 773 Hammond, R.W. 374, 1236 Horton, D.L. 561 Han, Z. 425, 449 Horton, D.R. 714, 848, 825, 442, 648, 609, 794, Han, Z.H. 418, 1249 752, 1572, 1597 Hanes, P. 79, 300 Hosmer, T.A. 388, 778 HARAA. 1463 Houck, M.A. 823 Hardman, O.M. 664, 256, 767, 769, 1789, 562, Hough, L.F. 386, 21, 330 76, 807, 1124 Hough, Walter Senef f ,_1893- . 653, 1465, 1721 Harman, G.E. 1135 Howard, P.H. 341, 617, 1001, 340, 616, 1000, Harrison, M.B. 927 359 Hartman, J.R. 213, 938, 1066 Howell, J.F. 609 Hartsell, P.L. 102, 354, 681 Howell, W.E. 1231 Hashimoto, J. 374, 1236 Howitt, A.J. 530, 1475, 737, 791 Hathaway, U.S. 138, 145, 1415 Howitt, A.J. ed. 318. 1478 Hattermann, D. 378, 1206 Hoy, M.A. 821, 1578 Hattingh, M.J. 1222, 1212, 1221 Hoying, S.A. 1226 Hawthorne, D.J. 829, 981 Hoyt, P.B. 1312, 1489 Hayden, J. P. 791 Hoyt, S.C. 557, 1413, 1560, 593, 1461, 668, Hayden, R.A. 210, 1509 866, 718, 859, 641, 680 Heatley, R. 181, 347, 512 Huang, C. 374, 1236 Hebding, H.E. 591, 1775 Hubbard, E.E. 82, 1644, 52, 316, 131, 317 Hegerhorst, D. 1004 Huber, R.T. 723 Helnemann, P.H. 208, 1815, 1295 Huf faker, C.B. 603 Heinicke, D.R. 55, 166, 1730 Hulbert, S.J. 690 Heinicke, Donald Richard, _1931- . 419, 1251 Hull, D. 8, 116, 1640 Henderson, L. F. 970 Hull, J. 271, 1462 Hendrix, F.F. 1045 Hull, J. ed. 318, 1478 Hendrix, F.F. Jr. 1383 Hull, J. Jr. 153, 1532, 194, 1535 Henkels, M.D. 1190 Hull, L. 773 Heraty, J.M. 790, 1575, 1606, 749 Hull, L.A. 698, 712, 856, 6, 409, 904, 802, Herregods, M. 1444, 1675 586, 657, 1500, 1733, 301, 490, 888, 819, 662, Hershberger, W. 1326 842, 900, 743, 1570, 1605, 443, 659, 585, 677. Hewett, E.W. 168, 1660, 440, 1663, 1779 1671, 1739, 411, 908, 482, 835, 1467, 1821, Hickey, K.D. 1118, 387, 1108, 1023, 1035, 1097, 880, 818, 462, 713, 740, 654 1013, 1029, 964, 956, 959, 972, 971, 1014 Hummer, K. 309, 410, 1243 Higbee, B.S. 849, 1582, 1593, 850, 1583, 1594 Hung, Y.C. 1362 Higgins, S.S. 277, 1689 Hungate, F.P. 702, 1392 Hildebrand, P.D. 1091 Hunter, R.E. 53, 1649, 84 HILGA. 821, 1578 lannacci , J. 119, 282, 1758 Hill, S.B. 560, 868, 1554, 686, 1550, 869, 687, ILLRA. 375 788 Ingle, L. Morri s,_1929- . 298 Hilton, R. 903 Ingle, M. 1386, 1490, 132, 1726, 1731, 1283 Hilton, R.J. 1040, 1712 Inman, R.D. 1384, 1468, 1723 Hinman, H. 64, 204, 1536, 87 Ishimaru, C.A. 1208 Hinman, H.R. 86, 85, 53, 1649, 84 Israel, H.W. 1104 HJHSA. 471, 407, 1227, 465, 1514, 1539, 280, Jackson, M.A. 771 1524, 1319, 1491, 286, 483, 914, 168, 1660, JAFCAU. 1447, 1714, 1264, 1432, 1709, 1112, 414, 1301, 1445, 1386, 1490, 408, 1701, 1763, 1366, 1456, 1434, 1710, 1384, 1468, 1723, 1157, 480, 1311, 1464, 403, 1145, 455, 1510, 293, 1469, 1032, 1347, 1433, 1767, 1315, 1470, 1431, 1697, 1761, 402, 1385, 458, 709, 1279, 921, 1662, 1708, 1446, 1123 265 AUTHOR INDEX Jaffee, B.A. 927, 924 1736, 197, 448, 1268, 429, 1270, 1358, 1678, JANCA2. 1454, 1717 1750, 255, 473, 1541, 305, 1546, 278, 1690, Janick, J. 386 1757, 920, 855, 420, 1495, 1707, 1342, 1379, Janick, J.W. 21, 330 1519 Janisiewicz, W. 1376, 1685 Joung, H. 1223 Janislewicz, W.J. 1112, 1366, 1456, 1174, 980, JPFC02. 1424, 1467, 1821 1325, 1324, 1372 JPGRDI. 492, 1474 JARCD. 822, 817 JPNUDS. 418, 1249, 425, 449, 1259, 1494, 426. JCECO. 570, 854, 553, 552, 685, 495, 905, 872 1512, 1276, 1263, 1496, 199, 424, 1503, 422, JEENAI. 756, 1304, 667, 1390, 1549, 844, 774, 444, 1267, 1266 382, 750, 97, 620, 1632, 884, 1802, 698, 693, Kader, A. A. 477, 1683, 1791, 1317, 1699 712, 878, 1555, 664, 678, 1613, 600, 1776, 892, Kajiura, I. 31, 380, 30, 379 669, 560, 789, 675, 6, 409, 904, 557, 1413, Kallet, C. 700 1560, 593, 460, 710, 832, 779, 586, 863, 561, Kaminsky, K. 207, 452 668, 256, 767, 1391, 1711, 736, 657, 1500, Kanato, K. 31, 380, 30, 379 1733, 301, 490, 888, 639, 102, 354, 681, 388, Kaplan, J.K. 48, 261, 1615 778, 843, 773, 840, 692, 341, 617, 1001, 796, Kappel , F. 397, 1137, 1755, 666, 855 759, 63, 656, 755, 1452, 1716, 754, 1393, 901, Karren, J.B. 580 340, 616, 1000, 769, 1789, 702, 1392, 589, Katan, J. 1005, 1533 1562, 1590, 351, 663, 196, 447, 665, 649, 1780, Katz, B. 1226 601, 1777, 361, 691, 833, 662, 842, 900, 694, Katz, B.H. 1200 836, 1794, 717, 870, 745, 559, 868, 1554, 686, Kaufman, Jacob, _1 907- . 279 1550, 575, 853, 1796, 562, 677, 1671, 1739, Kawar, N.S. 1467, 1821 760, 1394, 608, 360, 688, 704, 428, 464, 720, Ke, D. 477, 1683, 1791 348, 633, 1778, 879, 869, 687, 576, 889, 629, Keaster, A.J. 771 727, 76, 807, 1124, 775, 866, 785, 776, 880, Kelly, G.M. 540 818, 192, 658, 1437, 747, 349, 634, 591, 1775, Kelsey, M.P. 57 841, 624, 810, 890, 857, 791, 851, 788, 558, Ker, K.W. 789 798, 1576, 1598, 462, 713, 680, 613, 740, 577, Khattak, S.U.K. 609 792, 708 Khomyakov, D.M. 1484, 1499, 1768 vJeffers, S.N. 148, 324, 503, 1078, 1152, 1127, Kilgemagi, U. 1384, 1468, 1723 1041, 1150, 502, 1419 Kilby, M. 42, 163 Jennt , J. 39, 99, 1635, 124, 1645 Kilby, M.W. 66, 212 Jensen, L.B. 774 Kln^all, M. 61, 190, 1781 Jentsch, P.J. 1050, 992 Kimball, M.A. 74, 1453 Jerle, P.H. 382, 750, 288, 1625, 255, 473, Kimberling, D.N. 647 1541, 305, 1546 King, G.G.S. 854 JESCEP. 856, 670, 628, 730, 891, 722, 660 Kingdon, L. 988 JEVQAA. 214, 1511, 1770 Kinkel, L.L. 1109, 1089, 1090 JFDAZ. 227 Kirby, G.W. 994, 1079 JFQUO. 287, 1692, 1760, 154, 1728 Kirchner, D.A. 44, 60 J1, Z.H. 1266 Kishlmoto, 0. 30, 379 JIBEE8. 631, 758, 824, 1579, 1600, 751, 1571, Klassen, P. 136, 1752, 725, 1204, 143, 1493, 1596 1620 JKESA. 771 Klein, I. 1485, 1508, 1622, 321, 1507, 1621 JNYEA. 793 Klein, R.M. 918, 920 Johnson, D.A. 987 Kllmstra, D.E. 726 Johnson, D.R. 949 KIOS, E.J. 1208, 966, 965, 969 Johnson, D.T. 732, 636, 847 Klug, B.A. 1320, 1808 Johnson, S.A. 892 Knickerbocker, B. 56, 170 JONEB. 919, 929, 1242, 917, 1564, 1609, 922, Knight, A. 773 1574, 1603, 927, 924 Knight, A.L. 557, 1413, 1560, 593, 802, 586, Jones, A. L. 991, 1179, 1260 819, 662, 842, 900, 743, 1570, 1605, 585 Jones, A.L. 1169, 784, 1116, 1820, 984, 1011, Knight, R.L. 678, 1613 1152, 1117, 999, 1442, 976, 1284, 1371, 1051, Knowles, J.W. 1463, 488, 1159 1036, 1034, 1077, 1037, 1141 Kobrina, N.S. 475, 1115 Jones, A.L. ed. 318, 1478 Kollas, D.A. ed. 532, 1477 Jones, B.F. 152, 504, 949 Koner, W. 1146, 978, 1151, 1140 Jones, J.W. 16, 103, 1783 Kondratieff, B.C. 781, 717 Jones, R.T. 213, 938 Koonin, E.V. 1239 Jones, V.P. 600, 1776, 834, 753, 622, 899 Korban, S. S. 937 Jordan, J.L. 1362 Korban, S.S. 375, 1149, 386, 378, 1206, 21, Jorgensen, CD. 800 330, 1223 JOSHB. 1360, 1679, 281, 1691, 264, 923, 295, Korcak, R.F. 418, 1249, 214, 1511, 1770, 1276, 948, 1529, 489, 1700, 1803, 291, 405, 277, 422, 444, 1267, 432, 1526, 427, 459, 1513, 1266 1689, 477, 1683, 1791, 183, 438, 1661, 1277, Korjagin, V.A. 1367 1269, 493, 1531, 440, 1663, 1779, 456, 703, Kotobuji, K. 30, 379 201, 1667, 1288, 1316, 216, 1305, 1618, 185, Kotobuki, K. 31, 380 1498, 236, 467, 51, 315, 156, 1294, 1281, 290, Kouskolekas, C.A. 910, 950, 1410 1544, 1626, 222, 1743, 1520, 1624, 206, 1672, Kovach, J. 522, 638, 601, 1777 288, 1625, 1289, 238, 1517, 453, 1192, 544, Kozaki, I. 30, 379 1402, 200, 1666, 1734, 59, 189, 371, 497, 939, Kozono, T. 31, 380 1346, 1670, 1738, 485, 1695, 482, 835, 195, Kramer, G.F. 1360, 1679 445, 1665, 918, 198, 423, 1502, 1345, 1669, 266 AUTHOR INDEX Krapf, B. 20, 329 Lugaresi, C. 1466, 1722 Krause, G.F. 1072 Lunden, J.O. 491, 1473, 1587 Krewer, G.W. 254, 498 Lurie, S. 1286 Kroeger, M.W. 1318, 1806 Lyman , G . T . 1 400 Kroening, M.K. 781. 717 Lyons, C.G. Jr. 237 Krysan, J.L. 714, 848, 825, 746, 849, 1582. Maas, J.L. 1173 1593. 692, 850, 1583. 1594 MacCollom. G.B. 635. 1437 Kuhn. E. 1449, 1585, 1611 MacHardy. W.E. 1114, 1144. 1795, 1119, 457, Kuhns, L.J. 1303, 1448. 1558. 1400 1092, 1043, 1087, 1111 Kunlckis, E.J. 1047 Machida, Y. 31, 380, 30, 379 Kupferman, E. 1293 MacLellan, C.R. 562. 76, 807. 1124 Kupferman, E.M. 289, 1694, 1002 Madden. L.V. 62. 1018, 1065, 1163, 1817, 1008, Kupferman, G. 1361, 1681 1064, 1075, 1039, 1814 Kuznetsov, N.N. 684. 1566 Madsen, H.F. 854 Kwolek, W.F. 876, 1160, 708 Maheswaran, G. 399, 1218 Lacasse, S.T. 1389, 1657 Mahoney. N. 1376. 1685 Lacombe, J.M. 1264 Mahoney. N.E. 1112, 1366, 1456 Ladd, T.L. Jr. 727 Mahr, D.L. 148, 324, 503, 268, 1214, 661, 839, Lafleur, G. 868. 1554, 686. 1550. 869. 687, 788 838, 745, 770, 502, 1419, 780 LaGasa, E. 574, 569 Mai, W.F. 918, 920 Laing, J.E. 790, 1575, 1606, 749 Maib, K. 64, 204, 1536 Lakshmf narayana, S. 1010 Maier, C. 805 Lakso, A.N. 1305, 1618 Maier, C.T. 814, 779, 799, 1577, 1599, 573 Lalancette, N. 1118, 1029, 964 Mailloux, M. 388, 778, 785 Lamb, R.C. 389, 1113, 1209, 744, 371, 497, 939. Maloy, O.C. 1120, 515 401. 1143. 369. 1088, 406, 877 Malvick, O.K. 1216, 1553 Lamson, G. H._1882-. 858 Manalo, A.B. 141, 274, 1756 Lange, A.H. 1398 Manners, M.M. 1241 Lange, K.F. 1398 Mansvelt, E.L. 1222 Larsen, F.E. 277, 1689 Marini, R. 192, 658 Larsen, K.J. 646, 1185, 627, 1182 Marini, R.P. 456, 703, 216, 458, 709, 226, 373 Latham, A.J. 910, 950, 1410, 1463. 488, 1159 Marion, J.R. 1443, 1769 Latin. R.X. 513. 1812 Marlow, G.C. 1289 Latorre. B.A. 1081 Marmo, C.A. 1342 Lau, O.L. 1269. 408, 1701, 1763. 472. 1682. Marshall, O.B. 840, 841 1358. 1678. 1750 Marshall, D.E. 1356, 1617, 1327, 1725, 1332, Laurence. F. 786 1633 Lawrence. William Hurford. 1877- . 887 Martinson, T.E. 884. 1802 Lawson, D.S. 756, 1304 Massardo, P. 872 Lawson, E.W. 1221 Masseron. A. 19, 328, 18, 327 Leidy, R.B. 1315, 1470 Massey. L.M. 227 Levine, E. 771 Massey, L.M. Jr. 461, 1354, 1653 Lewis, B.A. 847 Matejka. J.C. 1128 Ley, T. 285, 1313. 1543 Matheron, M.E. 1128 Ley, T.W. 243, 1540, 1619 Mattern. G.C. 1447, 1714, 1434, 1710 Lidster, P.O. 1353, 1674, 1346, 1670, 1738 Matthew, David L. 543, 724, 1098, 1401 Lightner, G.W. 132, 1726, 1731. 1335 Mattina, M.J.I. 1430, 1483 Lin, CP. 1201 Mawby, W.D. 673 Linderman, R.G. 1129 Maxwell, D.P. 1106 Lindow. S.E. 1086. 1198 May. J. 1023, 1035. 1097. 1013. 958. 959, 972, Lintereur. G.L. 782 971, 1014 Liss. W.J. 587. 851 Mayer, D.F. 491, 1473, 1587 Liu, C.H. 1447, 1714 Mayer, G. 191 Livermore, K.G. 389, 1113, 1209 Mayes, R.L. 847 Lo Cicero, A.M. 1200 Maynard, Samuel T._1844-. 3, 188, 652, 187, 651 Loescher, W. 47, 113, 257, 1293 MCBEBU. 1109, 1089. 1090 Loescher, W.H. 1289 McCabe. G.P. 341. 617, 1001, 340, 616, 1000 Logan, P. A. 768 McCaffrey, J. P. 604. 701 Logan, W.B. 325, 930 McCarter. S.M. 1210, 1307 Lombard, P. 186, 439 McClain, O.C. 670, 731, 845 Lombard, P.B. 240, 469. 199. 424, 1503, 294, McCrum, R.C. 211, 362. 454 928, 1154 McDaniel, M.C. 152, 504, 949 Loper , J . 1190 McDonald, P.T. 747 Lopez, M.M. 1191 McOonough , L.M. 570 Lord, W.G. 77, 275, 538, 141, 274, 1756 Mclnnis, D.O. 589, 1562, 1590 Lord, W.J. 404, 484, 1693 Mclnnis, P.J. Jr. 563, 1807 Los, L.M. 901 McLaughlin, R.J. 1339, 1189, 1713 Los, Lorraine M. 235, 523, 721 McLean, D.L. 689, 1233 Lougheed, E.G. 183, 438, 1661, 201, 1667, 182, McLellan, M.R. 227, 40, 326, 1650 1353, 1674. 200, 1666, 1734, 1346, 1670, 1738 McMullen, R.O. 649, 1780 Louis, J. 1434, 1710 McNab, S.C. 382, 750 Louis, J.B. 1447, 1714 McNicholas, F.M. 45, 655 Lu. F. 1317. 1699 McNiel. R.E. 213. 938 267 AUTHOR INDEX McPheron, B.A. 705, 761, 1573, 1588 Myers, J.H. 813, 1552, 758 McRae, K.B. 1346, 1670, 1738 Nardacci , J.F. 1093 McVay, J.R. 910, 950, 1410 NASSO. 399, 1218 Meador, D.B. 193, 1265 Nellsen, D. 280, 1524 Meagher, R.L. Jr. 856, 411, 908, 880, 818, 740 Nellsen, G.H. 295, 948, 1529, 455, 1510, 1523, Meheriuk, M. 293, 1697, 1761, 402, 1385, 1358, 1520, 1624, 487, 1528 1678, 1750 Nellson, G.H. 1525 Mehlenbacher, S.A. 386, 21, 330, 366, 1196 Nelson, E.E. 781, 717 Meir, S. 1286, 485, 1695 Nelson, L.A. 1031, 643 Meister, R.T. 129, 313 NEMFA. 1328, 1245, 1658, 597, 1038, 58. 180, Menenthin, W.M. 1384, 1468, 1723, 1357, 1677 77, 275, 311, 54, 157, 538, 389, 1113, 1209, Melton, T.A. 925 1246, 1114, 814, 741, 1404, 520, 1193, 1782, Merwin, I. A. 290, 1544, 1626 766, 805, 1256, 1103, 1680, 765, 644, 936, 946, Messina, F. 699 599, 772, 273. 1687, 466, 1272, 1676, 207, 452, Messina, P.O. 834 151, 417. 1727. 239, 431, 1518, 119, 282, 1758. Meyer, F.W. 913, 1232, 1050, 992, 1026, 1351, 61. 190. 1781. 1389, 1657, 476, 1369, 1375, 993, 1048 1684, 1443. 1769, 983. 1175, 7, 92, 150, 46, Meyer, J. A. 1027, 1735 223, 578, 595, 1438 Meys, Q. van der. 376, 1094 Neo. T.H. 175. 1329 Michailides, T.J. 1377, 1131, 1344, 1363, 1080, Nesselroad, P.E. 529 1352 Newbery, R.J. 1091 Michaud, O.D. 63, 656 Nicolas, J.J. 1264 Micke, W.C. 191 Nielsen, R.A. 406, 877 Mielke, E. 1277 Nielson, G.H. 1319, 1491 Miles, G.E. 1388, 1387 Nlles. R.K. 916 Miller, G.T. 102, 354, 681 Noel, G.R. 925 Miller, J.C. 647 NONGA. 550 Miller, J.L. 38, 169, 1631 Nordhelm, E.V. 1109, 1089, 1090 Miller, O.K. 414, 1301, 1445 Norelll, J.L. 1200, 1229, 1226, 353, 1188, Miller, R.W. 319, 952, 912, 1167, 909, 1165 1176, 350, 1184 Miller, S.S. 264, 923, 270, 198, 423, 1502, Norrls, K.A. 137, 1762, 1798 1519 Northover, J. 1157, 1469, 1348, 1123 Miller, W.W. 1433, 1767 Nugent. J.E. 524 Milller, W.F. 1305, 1618 NYFSB. 522. 674, 738, 594 Milne, C.G. 1504 Nygaard, S.L. 1106 Mink, G.I. 1231 Nyrop, J. 739 Mircetlch, S.M. 1024 Nyrop, J. P. 884, 1802, 664, 563, 1807. 638. Miro, M. 1191 594. 601, 1777, 765, 853, 1796, 608 Mitchell, F.G. 191, 1285, 1378, 1655 NYTIAO. 1420, 1705 Mitchell, P.O. 288, 1625, 255, 473, 1541, 305, O'Brien, M.T. 892 1546 O'Connor, P. A. 937 Mizell, R.F. HI. 158, 1422. 1766, 1459, 1772 O'Leary, A.L. 1442, 976, 1051, 1100, 1030. 1093 MLESB. 787 O'Rouke, A.D. 91. 1704 Mobley, K.N. 456, 703, 458, 709 O'Rourke, A.D. 383, 128 Moffitt, H. 1395, 1698 OARCB. 526, 1458, 1057, 1163, 1817, 1008, 874, Moffitt, H.R. 97, 620, 1632, 754, 1393, 351, 1273, 1450, 1274. 1056 663 OASPA. 581, 757, 1787 Mohammad, A.B. 755, 1452, 1716, 575, 576 Oatman, E.R. 798, 1576, 1598 Monlco-Pif arre, A. 1454, 1717 Ocamb-Basu, CM. 1031, 4, 1033 Montojo, A.M. 1191 Ogawa, J.M. 1344 Moomaw, Clarence W._1880-. 93, 1627 Ollen, W.C. 197, 448, 1268, 211, 362, 454 Moons, C. 1027, 1735 Olive, J.W. 1210, 1307 Moore, L.O. 414, 1301, 1445 Oliver, P.J. 341, 617, 1001, 340, 616, 1000 Moore, L.W. 1207, 1216, 1553 Oliver, R. 1398 Morris, H. E._1886-. 1183 Olthof, T.H. A. 915 Morris, J.C. 1386, 1490 Omura, M. 31, 380, 30, 379 Morris, 0. M._1874-. 1247 Onstad, D.W. 810 Morrlsey, J.F. 378, 1206 Opp, S.B. 824, 1579, 1600, 846, 1581, 1592 Morrisey, J.M. 1149 ORDCB. 1062, 356, 1061, 1060, 355, 1059, 1058 Morrow, C.T. 1263, 1496, 1295 Ordonez, G.P. 175, 1329 Mower, K.M. 535 ORGAA. 621 MUCBA. 57, 530, 1475, 737, 318, 1478, 181, 347, ORRDA. 1039. 1814 512, 986, 1284, 1371, 806, 944, 864, 1156, Overton. S.V. 414, 1301, 1445 1225, 271, 1462, 827, 1262, 1331 Page, S. 159, 331 Mumma, R.O. 1467, 1821 Palva, A. A. 1430, 1483 Munoz-Delgado, L. 1032, 1347, 1431, 1662, 1708 Palta, J. P. 306, 1656, 1764 Murakami, P. 186, 439 Papaj, D.R. 607, 751, 1571, 1596 Muromtsev, G.S. 475, 1115 Parchomchuk, P. 455, 1510 Murphy, B.C. 826, 1793 Parent, L.E. 185, 1498 Murphy, Ceclle. 546, 942 Parish, C.L. 1171, 1172 Murr, D.P. 666 Parker, D.M. 1146, 978, 1151, 1140 Muryglna, V.P. 475, 1115 Parker, K. G._1906-. 1194 MYCOAE. 1363 Parker, M. 194, 1535 268 AUTHOR INDEX Parker, M.L. 320, 533 Powers, K.A. 1040, 1712 Pason, N.L.S. 1332, 1633, 1338, 1637, 1664 PPETA9. 596, 1563, 1595 Pasour, E. C. 109, 241, 90 PPGGD. 306, 1656, 1764, 1429, 182 Patterson, C.G. 812 Pree, D.d. 789, 736, 840, 841 Patterson, M.G. 234, 719, 1355, 555, 951, 1412, Preisler, H.K. 675 910, 950, 1410 Presley, C.N. 1316 Patterson, W.K. 152, 504 Price, C. 44, 60 Paulson, G.S. 844, 893, 596, 1563, 1595 Proctor, J.T.A. 110, 245, 437, 630, 666, 855 Pavan, M.A. 430, 1486, 1516 Proebsting, E.L. Jr. 453, 1192 Pavia, A. A. 1264 Prokopy, R.J. 793, 631, 597, 892, 520, 607, Pavlova, Z.N. 475, 1115 824, 1579, 1600, 751, 1571, 1596, 786, 871, Payne, J. A. 254, 498 1799, 685, 599, 846, 1581, 1592, 564, 906, 715, PCBPB. 742 700, 578, 595 Peng, C. 667, 1390, 1549 Prusky, D. 1019, 1337, 1334 Peng, C.W. 728 Prussia, S.E. 1362 Penman, D.R. 775 Pukkila, P.J. 1164, 1557 Penrose, R.L. 647 Purcell, J.C. 82, 1644, 52, 316, 131, 317 Perry, K.B. 1302, 1623, 1784 Putnam, James N. 114, 259 Perry, R.L. 468, 1487 PVPCB. 551 Peryea, F.J. 1310, 1521, 1522, 284, 430, 1486, PWHAA. 1501, 1171, 1261, 815, 903, 127, 1647, 1516 383, 1461, 1255, 1525, 1523, 1522, 1172, 907, PESWA. 690, 584, 1561, 1608 130, 1648, 50, 304, 748, 128, 1211, 240, 469. Peterson, B. 64, 204, 1536, 86, 87, 1248, 5. 803. 539. 582. 302. 312. 496, 108, 228, 1248, 1280, 1309 5, 1280, 1309, 619, 797, 707, 8, 116, 1640, Peterson, C. 181, 347, 512 583, 308, 1547, 243, 1540, 1619, 297, 1314, Peterson, N.C. 878, 1555 1530, 267, 1308, 1542, 285, 1313, 1543, 260, Peterson, V. 565, 566 1754, 232, 463, 1746. 55, 166, 1730, 67, 217, Petrushov, A.Z. 684, 1566 1742 Pfeiffer, D.G. 196, 447, 665, 722, 837, 672, Pylypiw, H.M. Jr. 1430, 1483 890, 811 Quamme, H.A. 397. 1137, 1755, 365, 1195 Pfeiffer, S.W. 837 Race, S.R. 505, 527, 506 PHYTA. 499, 1368, 1719, 1101, 1146, 1078, 1169, Racette, G. 560 953, 1199, 1207, 1151, 1021, 1399, 1020, 1153, Raese, J.T. 1426, 1501, 1282, 1259, 1494, 426, 1816, 1135, 1102, 1373, 1339, 374, 1236, 1106, 1512, 429, 1270, 433, 1527 1099, 1131, 1344, 1161, 1801, 1219, 1141, 1100, Raese, T. 1255 1030, 1087 Raffa, K.F. 782 PHYTAJ. 1144, 1795, 1140, 1152. 1350, 980, Rajapakse. N.C. 440. 1663. 1779 1325, 1216, 1553, 1229, 1147, 1359, 1031, 1024, Rajotte, E. 773 1208, 1348, 1226, 1127, 1324, 4, 1033, 1010, Rajotte, E.G. 208, 1815, 802, 743, 1570, 1605, 1118, 1380, 1442, 1041, 1082, 1104, 1212, 1372, 677, 1671, 1739 981, 1201, 1029, 964, 1221, 1119, 1220, 1334, Rasch, F. 70, 231, 1745 1111, 1472, 1173, 415, 1234, 416, 1235, 1231 Rasch, M. 474, 1654, 1753 Pickel, C. 973, 974, 1421, 860 Rasch, T. 233, 1747 Pickett, B. S._1882-. 867 Rashid, K.A. 1467, 1821 Pitt, d.I. 499, 1368, 1719 Rathman, R.J. 593, 729, 690 Plaza, O.L. de la. 1431, 1662, 1708 Rauld, E. 1081 PLDIDE. 1383, 978, 1367, 1376, 1685, 395, 1374, Reed, A.N. 492, 1474 1126, 1025, 1186, 1190, 1040, 1712, 1138, 1720, Reed, O.K. 558 1377, 1217, 1015, 62, 1018, 1129, 1189, 1713, Reed, G.L. 558 1174, 1016, 1479, 1224, 1210, 1307, 913, 1232, Rehkugler, G.E. 1250, 1729, 1810, 133, 1651, 935, 1427, 1128, 1181, 682, 1019, 1337, 1042, 1732 446, 1022, 1340, 1223, 1343, 1668 Reich, L. 421, 1480 PLDRA. 1335, 1155, 976, 413, 517, 518, 1237, Reichard, D.L. 1436 1749, 9, 933, 1809, 1005, 1533, 1205, 1150, Reimer, F. 37. 400 1132, 1481, 1488, 1080, 1352, 350, 1184, 1341, Reissig, H. 12, 571, 772 1162, 457, 1092, 982, 915, 1382, 202, 450, Reissig, W.H. 884. 1802, 712, 638, 744, 639, 1028, 1006, 1203, 1370, 1075, 977, 488, 1159, 388, 778, 594, 757, 1787, 601, 1777, 833, 836, 1093, 1134, 1081 1794. 870, 765, 559, 608, 879, 889, 629, 495, Pliego, G. 341, 617, 1001, 340. 616, 1000 905. 591, 1775, 810 PNWSB. 1303, 1448, 1558, 1406, 1400, 1409, Retan, A.H. 565, 566, 515, 735 1299, 1440 Reymond, S.T. 1189, 1713 Polito, V. 1010 Reynolds, K.L. 978 Polk, D. 773 Rhodus, W.T. 59, 189 Polomski, R.F. 156. 1294 Richard, F.C. 1264 Ponder, H.G. 1197 Richardson, D.G. 278, 1690, 1757 Pontecorvo, 0. 1466, 1722 Ridgway, N.M. 661, 839, 838, 745, 770, 780 Pope, L.R. 1153, 1816 Riedl, H. 557, 1413, 1560, 593, 1449, 1585, Postman, J. 309, 410, 1243 1611 Potter, C. 269, 1121 Ries. S. M. 554, 911, 1166, 1411 Potter, D.A. 696, 1551 Ries, S.M. 378, 1206, 925, 1219 Potts, M.F. 812 Righetti, T.L. 1277, 493. 1531. 481. 831. 199, Povish, W.R. 164, 332, 588 424, 1503 Powell, A. 555, 951, 1412, 910, 950, 1410 Ringel, S. M. 1924-. 279 269 AUTHOR INDEX Ritchie, D.F. 545, 941, 1403 Schotzko. R.T. 101, 1652 Rivard, I. 577 Schotzko, T. 67, 217, 1742 Rizzieri , D. A. 704 Schulte Pason, N.L. 1322, 1628 Roberts, L. 1418, 1703 Schupp, J.R. 465, 1514, 1539, 146, 434, 1170, Roberts, R. 1361, 1681 203, 451, 1737 Roberts, R.G. 1190, 1373. 1189, 1713 Schwal Her, P. 57 Robertson, J.L. 675 Schwarz, M. 522 Robinson, T.L. 1305, 1618 Schwarz, M.R. 889 Robson, D.S. 836, 1794 Schwisow, M. 583 Robson, M. 1434, 1710 SCIEA. 1418. 1703 Rock, B.N. 2, 902, 1556 Scott, K.J. 1287 Rock, G.C. 320, 533, 670, 731, 845, 730, 896, Seaman, A. 1449, 1585, 1611 1804, 897. 1805. 829, 602, 545, 941, 1403, 875, Sedov, E.N. 336, 934 642, 643, 881, 660, 673. 852, 886 Seem, R.C. 1067, 1133, 1074 Rodriguez-Sinobas, L. 477. 1683, 1791 Seike, K. 31, 380, 30, 379 Rodriguez, J.G. 812 Sencindiver, J.C. 508, 1423, 1482 Roelofs. W.L. 889, 495. 905 SENTD. 781 Rogers, D.J. 775 Shabecoff, P. 1420. 1705 Rogers, H.T. 117, 118 Shabi. E. 1052 Rogers, R.E.L. 664. 562, 76. 807. 1124 Shaffer. R.L. 927 Roiger, D.d. 1078 Shaffer. W.H. 1068, 1142. 1072 Roitman, 0. 1376, 1685, 980. 1325 SHAGA. 605 Roitman, J.N. 1112. 1366. 1456 Shannon, M. 65, 209 Roland. J. 758 Shantz, G.M. 437, 630 Rom, C.R. 302. 283, 1759, 232, 463, 1746 Sharp, W.L. 1054, 1053 Rom, R. 44, 60 Shaw, P.W. 775 Rom, R.C. 246, 381, 470, 335, 1254 Sheets, T.J. 1315. 1470 Rondinaro, S.M. 1367 Shen, T. 418, 1249 Roos, I.M.M. 1212 Sherman, H. 882 Rosen, J.D. 1447, 1714, 1434, 1710 Sherman, W.B. 147 Rosenberger, D. 1007 Shewfelt. R.L. 1362 Rosenberger, D.A. 1367, 940, 1103, 1680, 913, Shimura. I. 31, 380. 30, 379 1232, 1349. 1050. 992. 1026. 1351, 993, 1048 Shoemaker. CA. 836. 1794, 889, 810 Rosenheim, J. A. 863 Sholberg, P.L. 1126 Ross, H.A. 32, 384 Sibbett, G.S. 191 Ross, R.G. 1091 Silsby, K. 17, 1416 Rosson, CP. III. 16, 103, 1783 Simard. L.G. 776 Rouchaud, J. 1444, 1675, 1027, 1735 Simone, G.W. 158. 1422. 1766, 1459, 1772 Rough, D. 885 Simpson, D.A. 540 Rousselle, G.L. 403, 1145 Simpson, R.C. 985 RSEEA. 2, 902, 1556 Sincuk, J. 207, 452 Rubblani, M. 1466, 1722 Singer, G.M. 1434. 1710 Rudkevich, V. 339, 614, 1811 Singh, R.N. 1300, 1505 Ruiz, M. 134, 1748, 1317, 1699 Singha, S. 314, 1548 Rule. G.S. 495, 905 Siyami, S. 1321, 1774 Russell, C.E. 322, 396, 478 Sjolander, A.C 1433, 1767 Rust, M.K. 678, 1613 Skirvin, R.M. 1223 Rutschmann, M.A. 1432, 1709 Skroch, W.A. 320, 533, 413, 517, 518, 545, 941, Rutter, M. 550 1403, 1472 Ruttle, J. 598, 979 Slessor, K.N. 854 Ryugo, K. 352, 1187, 34, 392, 1215 Slykhuis, J. 285, 1313, 1543 Sainsbury, G. F._1913-. 177 Smejkal , C. 967 Saks. Y. 1288 Smith, CA. 1067, 1133, 1074, 998, 997, 1073 Sa1 as-Qulntana. S. 1429 Smith, CB. 1263, 1496 Salcedo, C.I. 1191 Smith, D.C 761, 1573, 1588 Sams, C.E. 395, 1374, 1359, 1345. 1669, 1736, Smith, E.M. 1062, 1025, 1186, 356, 1061, 1060, 1341 355, 1059, 1058, 1057, 1056 San Julian, G.J. 545, 941, 1403 Smith. F. 815 Sanchez, E.E. 493, 1531 Smith. F.D. 1151 Santo, G.S. 919 Smith. G.D. 674 Sargent, S.A. 1332. 1633. 1322. 1628 Smith. M.W. 310, 1407 Sasser, M. 1173 Smith, R.F. 832 Sato, Y. 31, 380 Smith, T. 285, 1313, 1543 Schaffer. K. 412. 441 Smith, T.J. 1190, 1211, 297, 1314, 1530 Schauske. B. 967 Smith, V.L. 1135 Schechter. I. 110, 245 Smith, W.S. 1026 Schmid. J.C. 1274 Smithhisler, CL. 570 Schmidt, CM. 1063, 1046, 1055, 1330 Smitley. D.R. 878, 1555 Schmidt, L.L. 625 SOGEBZ. 336, 934 Schmidt, R.S. 609 Solomos, T. 479, 1688, 1792 Schmitt, J.J. 460. 710 Solov'ev, I.S. 1484, 1499, 1768 Schneiderhan, F. J._1891-. 931 Sommer, N.F. 1010 Schomer, Harold A._1906-. 177 Sommovigo, G. 489, 1700. 1803 270 AUTHOR INDEX Sonego, L. 1288 Tami, M. 199, 424, 1503 Sorenson, K.A. 545, 941, 1403 Tanigoshi, L.K. 628, 820 Sowers, O.L. 216, 226, 373 Taylor, B.H. 193, 1265 Spangler, S.M. 639 Taylor, G. 610, 989, 1177, 310, 1407, 510 Sparks, A. 125, 1646 Taylor, R.W. 133, 1651, 1732 Spieler, G. 1485, 1508, 1622, 321, 1507, 1621 Tebbets, J.S. 796 Spltko. R. 1038 Tehrani, G. 229, 1786 Spotts, R. 1361, 1681 Tennes, B.R. 1327, 1725, 1320. 1808, 1321, 1774 Spotts, R.A. 407, 1227, 499, 1368, 1719, 1365, Terry, D.E. 369, 1088 1199, 1377, 1131, 1016, 1479, 1350, 1042, 446, Terry, I. 723 1022, 1340, 1343, 1668, 1380, 1349, 1069, 1132, Tessier, D.M. 1443, 1769 1481, 1488, 1363, 1080, 1352, 1382, 202, 450, Tette, J. P. 522 1028, 1370 TFHSA. 1504 Springer, J.K. 505, 527, 506 Theiling, K.M. 694 SSSJD4. 1310, 1521, 430, 1486, 1516 Thistlewood. H.M.A. 649, 1780, 861 Stahly, E.A. 1291 Thomas, H. Earl_1890-. 1194 Stalff, O.C. 1259, 1494 Thompson, C.J. 14, 89 Stanek, E.J. III. 871. 1799 Thompson, M.M. 386 Stang, E.J. 148, 324, 503, 268, 1214, 502, 1419 Thonpson. S.V. 1181 Stanis, V.F. 1141 Thomson. D.R. 683 Stanley, B.H. 836, 1794, 889, 591, 1775 Thomson. S.V. 1228, 1217, 1220 Stanley, D. 167, 606, 1659 Throop, J. A. 1250, 1729, 1810. 137. 1762, 1798, Stark, C. 1455, 1718, 1771 1305, 1618 Staub, CM. 1230 Tidball. C.J. 1129 Stebblns, R.L. 292, 1148, 105, 218, 370 TILHA. 925 Steffens, G.L. 272, 1686 Timm. E.J. 1332, 1633, 1338, 1637, 1664 Steiner, P.W. 1193, 1782, 1107 Timmer, L.W. 1044 Sterrett, J. P. 1397 Timmons, G.M. 696, 1551 Stevens, B. 285, 1313, 1543 TKASAT. 812 Stevens, R.G. 267, 1308, 1542 Toba, H.H. 97, 620, 1632 Stevenson, D.S. 1520, 1624 Tobin, M.E. 534 Stewart, Milton Melvin,_1885- . 93, 1627 Tollefson, J.J. 771 Stewart, R.K. 693, 63, 656 Tomas 1 no , S . F . 1155 Stiles, W.C. 674, 290, 1544, 1626, 263, 1405, Tomek, Wi 1 1 1 am G. ,_1932- . 122, 1641 1205, 211, 362, 454 Tong. Y.A. 1276. 422, 444, 1267 Stinner, R.E. 845, 730, 896, 1804, 897, 1805, Tonini, C. 872 829 881 Torchio, P.F. 494, 1584, 1601 StockWin, W. 947, 178, 623, 75, 262, 1297, 140, Townsend , T . W . 535 244, 106, 219 Townshend , J . L . 921 Stokes, M.E. 871, 1799 Travis, J.W. 208, 1815, 513, 1812, 413, 517. Stolp, M. 160 518, 1472 Stout, T.T. 49, 115, 1639 Treaster. S.A. 1062. 356, 1061, 1060, 355, Stowe, G. 247, 1451 1059, 1058, 1057, 1056 Strang, M.B. 927 Trimble, R.M. 777, 1614 Straub, R.W. 349, 634 Tromley, N.J. 558 Strickler, K. 764, 762 Tuci, A. 489, 1700, 1803 Stroshlne, R.L. 1388 Tukey, L.D. 252 Stuart, C. 795 Tukey, R.B. 1426, 53, 1649, 84 Stuart, L.C. 361, 691, 360, 688 Turner, M.L. 457, 1092 Stuckey, R.E. 1066 Turpi n, F.T. 771 Stushnoff, C. 174, 436 Tuttle, M.A. 415, 1234, 416, 1235 Suckling, D.M. 675, 742, 775 Tvergyak, P. 312, 496, 285, 1313. 1543 Sugar, D. 1361, 1681, 1040, 1712, 903, 481, Tvergyak, P.J. 249. 1275. 85 831, 1357, 1677 Tworkoski. T.J. 1397 Suleckl, J.C. 1, 71, 242 Tyler. N.J. 174. 436 Sullivan, D.S. 553, 552 Tyznik. W.J. 535 Sullivan, T.P. 553, 552, 544, 1402 Uchida. S.A. 49. 115. 1639 Sullivan, W.T. 320, 533 unman. D.E. 689. 1233 Sun, X.P. 1276 Unrath, C.R. 320. 533, 935, 1427, 682, 1381 Suoml , D. 567, 733 Upchurch, B.L. 1250, 1729, 1810, 137, 1762, Sutton, T.B. 320, 533, 1021, 1399, 1138, 1720, 1798, 1388, 1387 1020, 1153, 1816, 1015, 1099, 1161, 1801, 935, Urness, P.J. 542 1427, 682. 1031, 4, 1033, 413, 517, 518, 545, Utkhede, R.S. 1319, 1491, 1025, 1186 941, 1403, 1381, 1049, 1012, 958, 1315, 1470, UTSCB. 699, 622, 899 981, 1008. 968. 957. 1100. 1030. 1472. 1093 Vakenti, J.M. 854 Sweet, A. T._1869-. 296, 1492 Valsangiacomo, C. 1147 Swift, F.C. 192, 658 Van Buskirk, P. 618, 619, 797 Swihart, R.K. 549 van de Ende, B. 288. 1625 Swingle, Deane B._1879-. 1183 Van der Zwet. T. 1217. 1201 Szkolnik, M. 1105, 1136, 954, 1139, 1134 Van Olepen, J. 172, 509 Sztejnberg, A. 1005, 1533 Van Driesche, R.G. 768, 613 TAAEA. 1436, 1388, 1295, 175, 1329 Van Ee, G.R. 528 Tabashnik, B.E. 863 Van Steenwyk. B. 885 271 AUTHOR INDEX VanKirk, d.R. 45, 655, 406, 877 Whalon, M.E. 646, 1185, 627, 1182, 645, 711, Vargas, R.I. 631 1569, 1602, 827 Varn, M. 196, 447. 665 Wheeler, A.G. Jr. 584, 1561, 1608 Varn, M.W. 722 White, L.D. 609 Varney, E.H. 366, 1196 White, T. 621 Veneman, P.L.M. 239, 431, 1518 Whitesides, S.K. 407, 1227, 1199 Venkatasubbaiah, P. 1021, 1399 Whittle, K. 808 Vergori , L. 1466, 1722 Wicklow, D.T. 1367 Vetter, R.S. 759 Wilcox, W.F. 1135, 1180, 1152, 1226 Vincent, C. 683. 560, 388, 778, 686, 1550, 687, Willet, M.J. 1190 785, 776 Willett, Lois Schertz. 546, 942 VIRLA. 1239 Willett, M. 1361, 1681, 803 Visser, T. 376, 1094 Williams, C.F. 1292 Voblikova, V.D. 475, 1115 Williams, Donald Bruce,. 1290 Voerman, S. 570 Williams, E.B. 386, 339, 614, 1811, 21, 330. Vogeltnann, J.E. 2, 902, 1556 876, 1160 Volosova, L.I. 475, 1115 Williams, K. 64, 204, 1536, 86, 87 Von Broembsen, S. 610, 989, 1177 Williams, K.M. 225, 1538, 224, 372, 521 Wade, J.C. 66, 212 Williams, M. 312, 496 Walde, S.J. 801 Williams, M.W. 287, 1692, 1760 Walgenbach, J. 773 Williams, R.N. 667, 1390, 1549, 728 Walgenbach, J.F. 320, 533, 561, 895, 144, 500, Wills, R.B.H. 1287 1396 Wilson, C. 1326 Walgenbach, J.F. ed. 501, 1414 Wilson, C.L. 1339 Walk, J. 107, 221 Wilson, J.H. 919 Walker, J.T.S. 680 Wilson. K.R. 220, 1785 Walser, R.H. 1292 Wilson, L.L. 1065, 1163, 1817, 1064, 1039, 181 Walter, S. 1202 Wilson, L.T. 826, 1793 Walter, S.I. 669 Wilson, W.W. 121, 1797 Wang, C.Y. 1360, 1679, 1278, 272, 1686 Winter, F. 303, 1545 Wang, F. 425, 449 Wisniewski, M. 412, 441, 1326 Wang, P.C. 1278 Wisniewski, M.E. 1339 Wang, S.Y. 1276 Witt, M.L. 213, 938 Ward, K. 1009, 1813 WLSBA. 549, 542 Warner, Clarence Duane. 3, 188, 652 Wolf, W.A. 563. 1807 Warner, J. 364, 1084, 363, 1083, 269, 1121 Wolt, J.D. 1504 Warren, J.R. 1063, 1046, 1055, 1054, 990, 1053 Wolthuis, R.J. 1356, 1617 Washington, W.S. 1122, 1070 Wood, M. 334, 435 Watkins, C.B. 168, 1660, 1253 Wool ley, J.B. 731 Way, R.D. 40, 326, 1650 Worf, G.L. 967 Wearing, C.H. 775 Woronecki , P.P. 534 Weaver, J.E. 1471, 1773, 508, 1423, 1482 Wright, N.G. 66, 212 Weber, D.C. 428, 464, 720 Wroblewska, A. 1460, 1586, 1612 Weber, D.J. 1004 WSEPA. 783, 1457, 850, 1583, 1594, 752, 1572, Weeden, N.F. 371, 497, 939 1597, 729, 1395, 1698, 820 WEFGA. 947, 1323, 1724, 178, 623, 249, 1275, WUEXA. 64, 204, 1536, 565, 574, 893, 1426, 75, 262, 129, 313, 111, 251, 1, 71, 242, 1297, 1130. 86, 566, 955, 514, 87, 1120, 569, 987, 140, 244, 95, 1630, 106, 219, 136, 1752, 266, 85, 567, 804, 516, 734, 733, 53, 1649, 515, 84 725, 1204, 635, 143, 1493, 1620, 96, 171, 525, 101, 1652, 735 763, 1306, 117 Xirau-Vayreda, M. 1454, 1717 Weidman, R.W. 967 Yanez, P. 1081 Weires, R. 766, 773, 772, 695 Yastremski , R. 1358, 1678, 1750 Wei res, R.W. 756, 1304, 940, 674, 738, 833, Yeager, J.T. 191 870, 559, 608, 879, 629, 45, 655, 349, 634, Yoder, K.S. 996, 237, 387, 1108, 1349, 1063. 406, 877 1046, 1055, 1330, 916, 1054. 990, 1053 Weis, S.A. 1279, 1375, 1684, 420, 1495, 1707, Yokoyama, V.Y. 102, 354, 681 1342, 1379 Yorston, J. 295, 948, 1529 Weitzner, P. 711, 1569, 1602 Yorston, J.M. 1126 Welander, M. 399, 1218 Young, C.S. 1102 Wells, J.M. 1201 Young, E. 471 Welte, M. 303, 1545 Young, J. 1128 Welty, C. 833, 870, 559, 879, 629, 772 Young, J.O. 804 Werner, D.J. 224, 372. 521 Young, R.S. 1397, 1406, 1409, 1299, 1440 Westcott, R.L. 697, 1567, 1604 Young, R.W. 216, 156, 1294 Westcott, S.W. III. 1205 Youngs. L. 565, 566 Westcott, S.W. Ill, Beer, S.V. 1104 Yourman, L. 1376, 1685 Westigard, P. 903, 618, 619, 797 Yuen, C.M.C. 1287 Westigard, P.H. 587, 593, 694, 481, 831, 866, Zalom, F. 860 851 Zanzi , G. 35, 393 Westwood, M.N. 294, 928, 1154, 278, 1690, 1757 Zapp, H.R. 1327, 1725, 1320, 1808, 1321, 1774 WETEE9. 1296, 1435, 1397 Zehr, E.I. 387, 1108, 994, 1079 Whalon, J. 773 Zeller, W. 1202 Whalon, M. 764, 762 Zeng. X. 425, 449 272 AUTHOR INDEX Zhdanov, V.V. 336, 934 Zil 'bertnlnts, I.V. 684, 1566 Zimmerman, R.H. 264, 923, 286, 483 Zinnal, A. 489, 1700, 1803 Zlatanova, A. A. 828 Zoller, B.G. 1181 Zwet, T. van der. 1174, 1181, 1203 1934- . 1290 * U.S. G.P.O. :1992-311-392:60043/NAL 273