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Diapositiva 1 LA HISTORIA DEL JONRÓN CONFERENCIA DICTADA POR EL PROF. DR. CECILIO DÍAZ CARELA NOV. 2010, CURSA, UASD. STGO. R.D. PRIMERA PARTE . DEFINICION DEL JONRÓN Y DE ALGUNOS PARÁMETROS RELACIONADOS . LA HISTORIA DEL JONRÓN DESDE INICIOS DE LAS GRANDES LIGAS HASTA EL 2007. SEGUNDA PARTE. LA PARTICIPACION DE SAMUEL SOSA EN LA DÉCADA DEL JONRÓN . TERCERA PARTE. LA PARTICIPACION DOMINICANA EN EL BEISBÓL DE LAS LIGAS MAYORES. DEFINICIÓN DEL JONRÓN: . JONRÓN: Cuando el bateador puede avan- zar todas la bases hasta la goma. Esto se produce cuando la bola, generalmente bateada como elevado sale fuera del campo, en los límites válidos y establecidos como terreno bueno. Este vocablo es un anglicismo que se deriva del “Home Run”. LA FRECUENCIA JONRONERA: . Número de turnos por jonrón conectado (AB/HR). Mientras menor sea el número de turnos necesarios para conectar un jonrón mayor será la frecuencia de jonrones. EL GRAND SLAM: . Jonrón con las bases llenas. EL JONRÓN DE PIERNAS: . Batazo de imparable que le permite al bateador recorrer todas las bases sin detenerse y alcanzar la goma, sin ser puesto fuera. LOS JONRONES COLECTIVOS: . La sumatoria de los jonrones de todos los bateadores de un equipo durante una temporada. EL JONRONERO. EL bateador de jonrones. En las diferentes épocas por la que ha pasado el béisbol de las Grandes Ligas, el jonronero ha ido variando en el número de jonrones conec- tados por temporada. Hoy en día para ser considerado un jonronero se debe producir por los menos 30 HR. Aunque es posible que un bateador de 20 HR por temporada pueda alcanzar la connotación siempre que sea consistente y se ubique en el marco de una buena posición defensiva. RECORD DE JONRONES QUE MARCARON ÉPOCAS DESDE EL INICIO DEL BEISBOL DE LAS GRANDES LIGAS (1871-2001) . AÑO JUGADOR EQUIPO POS. HR . 1871 CHARLIE GOULD CHC 1B 02 . 1873 GEORGE WRIGHT BSN SS 03 . 1874 JIM O’ROURKE BSN 1B 05 . 1875 JIM O’ROURKE BSN 1B 06 . 1879 CHARLEY JONES BSN OF 09 . 1884 NED WLLIAMSON CHC 3B 27 . 1919 BABE RUTH BOS RF 29 . 1920 BABE RUTH NYY RF 54 . 1927 BABE RUTH NYY RF 60 . 1961 ROGER MARIS NYY RF 61 . 1998 MARK MAcGWIRE STL 1B 70 . 2001 BARRY BONDS SF LF 73 Jim O’Rourke (1850-1919) CHARLEY JONES (1852-1911) cortesía de Wikipedia.org NED WILLIAMSON (1857-1894) BABE RUTH (1895-1948) Roger Maris (1934-1985) cortesía de Biography.com Mark McGwire (1963-presente) -cortesía de AP- Barry Bonds (1964-presente) cortesía de «Hall of Fame sports illustrated». MARCA DE JONRONES EN LAS LIGAS MAYORES (1871-2001) 2001 73 70 1961 61 60 1920 54 29 1884 27 9 1874 5 3 1871 2 0 20 40 60 80 Jonrones contra zurdos y Derechos Los 61 Jonrones de Roger Maris que batieron la marca de Ruth 34 años después. Jonrones de Roger Maris contra zurdos y derechos . Empató el récord de Babe Ruth en el juego número 159. Ruth lo hizo en 151 partidos de béisbol. Con el Jonrón 61 Roger Maris implantó su nueva marca en el juego número 163 de la temporada. El lanzador Tracy Stallard pasa a la historia como el que concedió el jonrón 61 para romper el récord de Ruth. Sosa y McGwire durante la competencia de jonrones de 1998 tras la marca de Roger Maris. Fechas, jonrones y lanzadores a los que Sosa y McGwire la pegaron de jonrón en la temporada de 1998. Si analizamos el cuadro anterior vemos que Samuel Sosa conectó 20 jonrones en el mes de junio estableciendo un nuevo récord para las Grandes Ligas. Ese jonrón número 20 lo conectó contra Alan Embree, lanzador zurdo de los Diamondbacks de Arizona, el 30 de junio de 1998 y fue el cuadrangular número 33 de la temporada. En esa temporada se puede notar que tanto Sosa como McGwire tuvieron juegos de jonrones múltiples, según pudimos observar en el citado Cuadro (13), en el cual aparece nombre de los lanzadores a los que ambos le conectaron más de un jonrón, así como aquellos lanzadores a los que ambos jonroneros le sacaron la bola. El Cuadro de más arriba nos ilustra acerca de la distancia de los 66 jonrones conectados por Samuel Sosa y los 70 de Mark McGwire en 1998. También se incluyen los 73 jonrones conectados por Barry Bonds en la temporada del año 2001. Los jonrones se agruparon en clases de distancias en cuanto a la longitud recorrida en pies, con un intervalo de 60 pies para cada clase, de este modo se lograron tres clases de distancias: 1) 340-400 pies 2) 401- 461 3) 462-522. En cada intervalo se representa la frecuencia o número de jonrones conectados. El intervalo de clases fue establecido “ad libitum y solamente un jonrón de 545 pies conectado por McGwire quedó fuera de los tres grupos establecidos. Jonrones múltiples Barry Bonds batiendo la marca de McGwire en la temporada 2001. Los 73 Jonrones de Barry Bonds Los 73 Jonrones de Barry Bonds Los 73 Jonrones de Barry Bonds Jonroneros de finales del Siglo XIX y principio del XX. Cantidad y Promedio de Jonrones Conectados por equipo, en las Ligas Mayores, en los últimos 27 años (1980-2007). Las mejores frecuencias jonroneras de todos los tiempos . BATEADOR Frecuencia HR Año (AB/HR) . 01. Barry Bonds 6.5 73 2001 . 02. Mark McGwire 7.3 70 1998 . 03. Mark McGwire 7.4 32 2000 . 04. Mark McGwire 8.0 65 1999 . 05. Mark McGwir 8.1 52 1996 . 06. Barry Bonds 8.3 45 2004 . 07. Barry Bonds 8.4 05 2005 . 08 . Babe Ruth 8.5 54 1920 . 09. Barry Bonds 8.7 45 2003 . 10. Barry Bonds 8.8 46 2002 . 11. Sammy Sosa 9.0 63 2001 . 12. Babe Ruth 9.0 60 1927 . 13. Babe Ruth 9.1 59 1921 . 14. Jim Thome 9.2 52 2002 . 15. Sammy Sosa 9.7 66 1998 . 16. Barry Bonds 9.8 49 2000 . 17. Sammy Sosa 9.9 64 1999 . 17. Babe Ruth 9.9 54 1928 . 18. Mark McGwire 10.1 29 2001 . 19. Babe Ruth 10.5 49 1930 . 19. Babe Ruth 10.5 47 1926 . 19. Hank Aaron 10.5 47 1971 . 20. Willie Mays 10.7 52 1965 . 20. Jim Thome 10.7 49 2001 . BATEADOR Frecuencia HR Año . 21. Ken Griffey 10.8 40 1994 . 21. Babe Ruth 10.8 46 1929 . 21. Alex Rodríguez 10.8 54 2007 . 22. Sammy Sosa 11.0 49 2002 . 23. Ken Griffey 11.1 49 1996 . 24. Harmon Killebrew 11.3 49 1969 . 24. Ken Griffey 11.3 56 1998 . 25. Harmon Killebrew 11.4 45 1963 . 26. Barry Bonds 11.7 46 1993 . 26. Reggie Jackson 11.7 47 1969 . 26. Jim Thome 11.7 42 2006 . 27. Harmon Killebrew 11.8 48 1964 . 27. Frank Robinson 11.8 49 1966 . 28. Frank Thomas 11.9 39 2006 . 29. Rafael Palmeiro 12.0 47 1998 Los Ganadores de Títulos de Jonrones en las Ligas Mayores desde 1915-2007. Resumen del Cuadro Como se puede apreciar en el cuadro anterior, el bateador que más títulos de jonrones obtuvo fue Babe Ruth, de los Yankees de Nueva York con 12, le siguió Mike Schmidt, de los Filis de Filadelfia, con ocho títulos. El tercero más ganador fue Ralph Kiner de los Piratas de Pittsburgh, con siete títulos. Los únicos dos jugadores que ganaron títulos de jonrones en ambas ligas fueron: Fred McGriff y Mark McGwire. McGriff ganó su primer título en la Liga Americana en 1986, cuando jugaba para los Azulejos de Toronto y su segundo título lo obtuvo en 1992, con los Padres de San Diego, en la Liga Nacional. McGwire ganó dos títulos en la Americana (1987 y 1996) con los Atléticos de Oakland y luego en San Luis ganó dos títulos seguidos (1998-99). Por eso es el único jugador ha ganado dos títulos de jonrones en ambas ligas. Los 23 jonroneros de más de 500 HRs, hasta el año 2007, que han ganado títulos son: . 1- Babe Ruth (12), 2-Mike Schmidt (8), . 3-Mel Ott (6), 4-Harmon Killebrew (5), . 5-Alex Rodríguez (5), 6-Jimmie Foxx (4), . 7-Ted Williams (4), 8-Hank Aaron (4), . 9-Mickey Mantle (4), 10-Riggie Jackson (4), . 11-Mark McGwire (4), 12-Ken Griffey Jr. (4), 13-Willie Mays (3), 14-Willie McCovey (3), . 15-Eddie Mathews (2), 16-Ernie Banks (2), . 17-Barry Bonds (2), 18-Samuel Sosa (2), . 19-Frank Robinson (1) 20-Jim Thome (1) . 21. Eddie Murray (1). 22-Frank Thomas y 23-Rafael Palmeiro no ganaron títulos de jonrones. Título de Jonrones por Liga y posición defensiva. La Elite del Jonrón . La Elite del Jonrón en el Béisbol de las Grandes Ligas. La cifra de 500 jonrones o más, corresponde a una élite de peloteros muy especiales, ya que hasta el año 2007 sólo veintitrés bateadores habían conectado 500 o más cuadrangulares, de un total de 16,585 jugadores que han militado en el béisbol de las Grandes Ligas, desde su fundación hasta el año 2006. En tal sentido podemos hacer una clasificación por grupo de jugadores desde 0 hasta 700 o más HR y veremos que se trata de una pirámide, con una base muy amplia que recoge en su vértice apenas a tres bateadores. No. Jonrones Conectados No. de Jugadores . 1. 700 o más 03 . 2. 600 o más 03 . 3. 500 o más 14 . 4. 400 o más 22 . 5. 300 o más 72 . 6. 200 o más 168 . 7. 100 o más 408 . 8. 1 a 99 6,160 .
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