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Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development Annexes to the Final Report April – 2017 Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research & Innovation Directorate G – Energy Unit G.3 – Renewable Energy Sources Contact: Dr. Ir. Matthijs SOEDE E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels 2 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development Annexes to the Final Report Directorate-General for Research & Innovation Study on Lessons for Energy Development 2017 EUR 27984 EN Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you) LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 Pdf KI-NB-27-984-EN-N ISBN 978-92-79-68866-9 ISSN 1831-9424 DOI 10.2777/241688 © European Union, 2017 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. 4 Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development OVERVIEW This document contains all the Annexes of the Final Report of the Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development: Annex I: Overview of stakeholders involved, showing an overview of all stakeholders who have contributed to the study; Annex II: Technological explanations, providing details on different technological concepts in tidal stream and offshore wave; Annex III: Overview of supply chain characteristics, discussing components of a mature supply chain for ocean energy; Annex IV: Country-specific experiences, discussing in detail the technological developments in France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and a few other countries; Annex V: Bibliography; Annex VI: Learning from other sectors, discussing what lessons can be learned from other technological sectors: Offshore Wind, Offshore Oil & Gas and Concentrated Solar Power; Annex VII: Focus Group reports; Annex VIII: Validation Workshop report; Annex IX: Answers to the research questions, discussing in detail how we have answered the research questions of the study. “The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.” 5 Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development Table of Contents OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................... 5 ANNEX I. OVERVIEW OF STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED ......................................................... 7 ANNEX II. TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLANATION..................................................................... 11 ANNEX III: OVERVIEW OF SUPPLY CHAIN CHARACTERISTICS ........................................... 19 ANNEX IV. COUNTRY-SPECIFIC EXPERIENCES ................................................................ 25 ANNEX V. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 43 ANNEX VI. LEARNING FROM OTHER SECTORS ................................................................ 51 ANNEX VII. FOCUS GROUP REPORTS ............................................................................. 59 ANNEX VIII. VALIDATION WORKSHOP REPORT ............................................................... 79 ANNEX IX. ANSWERS TO THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS ..................................................... 83 6 Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development ANNEX I. OVERVIEW OF STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED The study team expresses their sincere gratitude for the extensive input received by stakeholders throughout Europe, often in more than one occasion. The table below presents an overview of stakeholders involved throughout the study. In addition, inputs have been collected from stakeholders at various industry events: The International Conference on Ocean Energy, Edinburgh, February 2016; European Maritime Days, May 2016, Turku; ERA-NET and OES TCP workshop on Ocean Policies, May 2016, Sweden; WavEC Seminar and B2B meetings, October 2017; Ocean Energy Europe Conference & Exhibition, Brussels in November 2016; The Marine Renewable Energy Research Day, November 2016, Brussels; Supergen Marine annual assembly, December 2016; Ocean Power Innovation Workshop, December 2016; Wave Energy Scotland Conference, December 2016. Surname Name Organisation Charles Abbott Scotland Europa Joyce Acheson Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) José Luis Aguiriano Oceantec Olatz Ajuria EVE Margarida Almodôvar DGPM- Direção Geral das Políticas do Mar Jorge Altuzarra VICINAY Marco Alves Wavec - Offshore Renewables Álvaro Amezaga SENER Julia Anceah AROP John Armstrong TidalStream / Schottel Toby Bailey RED Marine Stuart Bradley Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) Carla Branco PBBR John Breslin SmartBay, Ireland Stuart Brown FloWave Hannah Buckland Black & Veatch Eamon Cahill Dept Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation Christophe Chabert DCNS/Open Hydro José Chambel Leitão Hidromod Simon Cheeseman ORE Catapult Joyce Cheson Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) Bernie Comey Dept of Energy Conor Cooney ESB Peter Coyle Marine Renewables Industry Association Mike Crosby RED Marine Jean François DAVIAU SABELLA Yann-Hervé De Roeck France Energies Marines Ventura de Sousa Associação das Industrias Navais Antoine DECOUT Syndicat des Energies Renouvelables (SER) Julien DELANOË ADEME Jean-Paul Delattre ICE-France(RaL) Dana Dutianu Innovation and Networks Executive Agency 7 Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development Surname Name Organisation Elisabeth Fernández DITREL Karen Fraser Scottish Enterprise Sylvain Gaignard EDF-EN Berry Gareth Whitford Luis Gavela WEDGE Phil Gilmour Marine Scotland Janete Gonç Wavec - Offshore Renewables Rémi Gruet Ocean Energy Europe Raúl Guanche IHCANTABRIA João Henriques Instituto Superior Técnico Peter Holland ORDP José Ignacio Hormaeche Cluster Vasco de la Energía Tim Hurst Wave Energy Scotland Joe Hussey IT Power Holger Ihssen Helmholtz Association Arantza Iturrioz Environmental Hydraulics Institute of Cantabria Henry Jeffrey University of Edinburgh Lars Johanning University of Exeter Janine Kellett Scottish Government Marlène KIERSNOWSKI SYNDICAT EM Arnaud Lambert NFIE Lab Laborelec Site Ibon Larrea DITREL Roberto Legaz APPA Tony Lewis Ocean Energy Ltd and University College Cork Andrew MacDonald Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult Laurent Marquis WaveStar Paul M'Livoy TFC Jacopo Moccia Ocean Energy Europe Helene Morin Bretagne Developpement Innovation Joe Murtagh Seapower Frank Neumann IMIEU Kieran O'Brien Carnegie Maria Olsson Swedish Energy Agency Bram Pek BlueWater Andrew Perish Sound and Sea Ltd Ronnie Quinn Crown Estate Antoine RABAIN Indicta Steven Rice Plymouth University Lindsay Roberts Scottish Renewables Álvaro Rodríguez CTC Pablo Ruiz-Minguela TECNALIA James Ryan Aquavision António Sá da Costa APREN Carlos Sánchez Lafuente CDTI Beatriz Sancristobal CTC Centro Tecnológico de Componentes 8 Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development Surname Name Organisation Luis Sansegundo DEGIMA Estibaliz Sanvicente Cluster Energia Basque Country António Sarmento Wavec - Offshore Renewables Federico Sgarbi Permanent delegation of Brittany Clym Stock-Williams ECN Eoin Sweeney ITO Consult Ltd Yago Torre Enciso BIMEP Hans van Breugel Tocardo José Varandas Kymaner Louis Verdegem Bosch Rexroth Florent Vince WeAMEC Sebastian Ybert IFREMER Antonio Ynat NAVACEL Iñaki Zabala SENER Gonçalo Zagalo Pereira FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Ana Novak Zdravkovic NFIE Lab Laborelec Site 9 Study on Lessons for Ocean Energy Development ANNEX II. TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLANATION Tidal Stream Technologies Types of turbines There are a number of turbine technologies that have been proposed and that at some stage have been tested. Although there is a convergence towards horizontal axis turbines, below we describe the main types: A) Horizontal axis turbine Horizontal axis turbines extract energy from moving water in much the same way as wind turbines extract energy from moving air. The tidal stream causes the rotors to rotate around the horizontal axis and generate power. There has been a convergence around this technology, based on an overview of existing tidal current projects, 76% of all turbines are horizontal axis turbines and 12% are vertical axis turbines (International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 2014). In 2011, 76% of all research and development (R&D) investments into tidal current technologies went into horizontal axis turbines, 4% into enclosed turbines, and 2% into vertical axis turbines1. B) Vertical axis turbine Vertical axis turbines extract energy from the tides in a similar manner to that above, however the turbine is mounted on a vertical axis. The tidal stream causes the rotors to rotate around the vertical axis and generate power. C) Oscillating Hydrofoil A hydrofoil is attached to an oscillating arm. The
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