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Q&A with Lauren Gunderson
Q&A with Lauren Gunderson Interviewed by Joelle Seligson The United States’ most produced living playwright brings stories of science into the spotlight. Lauren Gunderson (laurengunderson.com) first married science and the stage in Background, a production that journeys back through the life of a cosmologist and through time itself. She’s now adding science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM)–oriented children’s books to her repertoire, entrancing young readers with imaginative tales tied to the scientific process. Gunderson chatted with Dimensions about why she’s driven to make audiences care about science and those who have advanced it. Lauren, which came first for you, theater or science? Theater was my first love, the first real sense of drive that I felt as a kid. Part of it was just the excitement of being on stage and telling stories. And also for me, the idea of writing, that was another big moment for me, realizing that you didn’t just say the words, you could write them. But I found out really quickly when you’re a writer and a performer, you get to ask yourself, OK—what I realized really quickly was, I mean obviously you need a subject. To be a playwright is a great thrill, but what are you going to write about? And I had a few wonderful science teachers, a biology teacher and a physics teacher, who used history and the scientists themselves to help teach us the core courses and the core themes and everything. And to me that was a big moment of oh, these are characters, and that science came from not just a mind but from a person, a personality, a time, an era. -
Is the Universe Ringing Like a Crystal Glass? by Tara Burcham, University of Southern Mississippi
Home / Astronomy & Space / Astronomy JUNE 26, 2015 Is the universe ringing like a crystal glass? by Tara Burcham, University of Southern Mississippi The standard view of the expanding universe. Many know the phrase "the big bang theory." There's even a top television comedy series with that as its title. According to scientists, the universe began with the "big bang" and expanded to the size it is today. Yet, the gravity of all of this matter, stars, gas, galaxies, and mysterious dark matter, tries to pull the universe back together, slowing down the expansion. Now, two physicists at The University of Southern Mississippi, Lawrence Mead and Harry Ringermacher, have discovered that the universe might not only be expanding, but also oscillating or "ringing" at the same time. Their paper on the topic has been published in the April 2015 issue of the Astronomical Journal. In 1978 Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson received the Nobel prize for their 1964 discovery of the key signature of this theory, the primal radiation from the early universe known as the "cosmic microwave background" (CMB). "Then in 1998 the finding that the universe was not only expanding, but was speeding up, or accelerating in its expansion was a shock when it was discovered simultaneously by east coast and west coast teams of astronomers and physicists," said Mead. "A new form of matter, dark energy, repulsive in nature, was responsible for the speed-up. The teams led by Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess, and Brian Schmidt won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics for that discovery." According to Mead and Ringermacher, this change from slowing down to speeding up (the transition time) took place approximately 6 to 7 billion years ago. -
Astrocent Opening Mcdonald.Pdf
Viewing the Universe from Deep Undeground Underground Labs Gravitational Waves Gran Sasso, Italy SNOLAB, Canada Einstein Telescope Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) 1999-2006 Studies of solar Neutrinos. We showed: 1. That calculations of how the sun burns are extremely accurate 2. Neutrinos change their type as they travel from the solar core to Earth. 3. Together with SuperKamiokande studying atmospheric neutrinos in Japan: - Neutrinos have a finite The middle of the sun is so hot that the centers of the atoms (nuclei) rest mass. fuse together, giving off lots of energy and particles called neutrinos. This requires changes to the Standard Model of Elementary Particles. Sudbury Neutrino SuperKamiokande Observatory (SNO) Canada Japan Solar Neutrinos Atmospheric Neutrinos Nobel Prize 2015 Impact of Future Underground experiments Cosmic Microwave Background becomes observable Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background by the Planck Satellite Mission 2015 Remarkable measurements of light at 2 degrees above absolute zero. These small variations (1 part in 100000) grow to form our universe (Stars, Galaxies). An amazing model (see fit on left) called: Lambda Cold Dark Matter provides beautiful fits to this and other data such as the large scale structure of the Universe. Only 6 parameters used, including the amounts of Matter, Dark Matter, Dark Energy and other parameters that affect how the Universe evolves. Nobel Prizes for Cosmology • 1978: Penzias and Wilson – Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson “for their discovery of cosmic -
Report and Opinion 2016;8(6) 1
Report and Opinion 2016;8(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/report Beyond Einstein and Newton: A Scientific Odyssey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, And The Cosmos Manjunath R Independent Researcher #16/1, 8 Th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore: 560010, Karnataka, India [email protected], [email protected] “There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement.” : Lord Kelvin Abstract: General public regards science as a beautiful truth. But it is absolutely-absolutely false. Science has fatal limitations. The whole the scientific community is ignorant about it. It is strange that scientists are not raising the issues. Science means truth, and scientists are proponents of the truth. But they are teaching incorrect ideas to children (upcoming scientists) in schools /colleges etc. One who will raise the issue will face unprecedented initial criticism. Anyone can read the book and find out the truth. It is open to everyone. [Manjunath R. Beyond Einstein and Newton: A Scientific Odyssey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, And The Cosmos. Rep Opinion 2016;8(6):1-81]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1. doi:10.7537/marsroj08061601. Keywords: Science; Cosmos; Equations; Dimensions; Creation; Big Bang. “But the creative principle resides in Subaltern notable – built on the work of the great mathematics. In a certain sense, therefore, I hold it astronomers Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus true that pure thought can -
Nobel Laureates Meet International Top Talents
Nobel Laureates Meet International Top Talents Evaluation Report of the Interdisciplinary Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates 2005 Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance Nobel Laureates Meet International Top Talents Evaluation Report of the Interdisciplinary Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates 2005 Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance I M PR I N T Published by: Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, Ludwigstr. 68, 88131 Lindau, Germany Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance, Mainau Castle, 78465 Insel Mainau, Germany Idea and Realisation: Thomas Ellerbeck, Member of the Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings and of the Board of Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance, Alter Weg 100, 32760 Detmold, Germany Science&Media, Büro für Wissenschafts- und Technikkommunikation, Betastr. 9a, 85774 Unterföhring, Germany Texts: Professor Dr. Jürgen Uhlenbusch and Dr. Ulrich Stoll Layout and Production: Vasco Kintzel, Loitersdorf 20a, 85617 Assling, Germany Photos: Peter Badge/typos I, Wrangelstr. 8, 10997 Berlin, Germany Printed by: Druckerei Hermann Brägger, Bankgasse 8, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland 2 The Interdisciplinary Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates 2005 marked a decisive step for the annual Lindau Meeting in becoming a unique and significant international forum for excellence, fostering the vision of its Spiritus Rector, Count Lennart Bernadotte. It brought together, in the heart of Europe, the world’s current and prospective scientific leaders, the minds that shape the future drive for innovation. As a distinct learning experience, the Meeting stimulated personal dialogue on new discoveries, new methodologies and new issues, as well as on cutting-edge research matters. -
Dark Universe: Science & Literacy Activity for Grades 9-12
Dark Universe Science & Literacy Activity GRADES 9-12 OVERVIEW Common Core State Standards: This activity, which is aligned to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) WHST.9-12.2, WHST.9-12.8, WHST.9-12.9, for English Language Arts, introduces students to scientific knowledge and RST.9-12.1, RST.9-12.2, RST.9-12.4, RST.9-12.7, language related to the study of cosmology. Students will read content-rich RST.9-12.10 texts, view the Dark Universe space show, and use what they have learned New York State Science Core Curriculum: to complete a CCSS-aligned writing task, creating an illustrated text about PS 1.2a how scientists study the history of the universe. Next Generation Science Standards: Materials in this activity include: PE HS-ESS1-2 • Teacher instructions for: DCI ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars o Pre-visit student reading The Big Bang theory is supported by o Viewing the Dark Universe space show observations of distant galaxies receding o Post-visit writing task from our own, of the measured composition • Text for student reading: “Case Study: The Cosmic Microwave Background ” of stars and non-stellar gases, and of the • Student Writing Guidelines maps of spectra of the primordial radiation (cosmic microwave background) that still • Teacher rubric for writing assessment fills the universe. SUPPORTS FOR DIVERSE LEARNERS: An Overview This resource has been designed to engage all learners with the principles of Universal Design for Learning in mind. It represents information in multiple ways and offers multiple ways for your students to engage with content as they read about, discuss, view, and write about scientific concepts. -
Georges Lemaître & the Big Bang
Monsignor Georges Lemaître & Albert Einstein, 1933 In the winter of 1998, two separate teams of astronomers in Berkeley, California, made a similar, startling discovery. They were both observing supernovae – exploding stars visible over great distances – to see how fast the universe is expanding. In accordance with prevailing scientific wisdom, the astronomers expected to find the rate of expansion to be decreasing, Instead they found it to be increasing – a discovery which has since "shaken astronomy to its core" (Astronomy, October 1999). This discovery would have come as no surprise to Georges Lemaitre (1894-1966), a Belgian mathematician and Catholic priest who developed the theory of the Big Bang. Lemaitre described the beginning of the universe as a burst of fireworks, comparing galaxies to the burning embers spreading out in a growing sphere from the center of the burst. He believed this burst of fireworks was the beginning of time, taking place on "a day without yesterday." After decades of struggle, other scientists came to accept the Big Bang as fact. But while most scientists – including the mathematician Stephen Hawking -- predicted that gravity would eventually slow down the expansion of the universe and make the universe fall back toward its center, Lemaitre believed that the universe would keep expanding. He argued that the Big Bang was a unique event, while other scientists believed that the universe would shrink to the point of another Big Bang, and so on. The observations made in Berkeley supported Lemaitre's contention that the Big Bang was in fact "a day without yesterday." When Georges Lemaitre was born in Charleroi, Belgium, most scientists thought that the universe was infinite in age and constant in its general appearance. -
Hubble's Law and the Expanding Universe
COMMENTARY COMMENTARY Hubble’s Law and the expanding universe Neta A. Bahcall1 the expansion rate is constant in all direc- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 tions at any given time, this rate changes with time throughout the life of the uni- verse. When expressed as a function of cos- In one of the most famous classic papers presented the observational evidence for one H t in the annals of science, Edwin Hubble’s of science’s greatest discoveries—the expand- mic time, ( ), it is known as the Hubble 1929 PNAS article on the observed relation inguniverse.Hubbleshowedthatgalaxiesare Parameter. The expansion rate at the pres- between distance and recession velocity of receding away from us with a velocity that is ent time, Ho, is about 70 km/s/Mpc (where 1 Mpc = 106 parsec = 3.26 × 106 light-y). galaxies—the Hubble Law—unveiled the proportional to their distance from us: more The inverse of the Hubble Constant is the expanding universe and forever changed our distant galaxies recede faster than nearby gal- Hubble Time, tH = d/v = 1/H ; it reflects understanding of the cosmos. It inaugurated axies. Hubble’s classic graph of the observed o the time since a linear cosmic expansion has the field of observational cosmology that has velocity vs. distance for nearby galaxies is begun (extrapolating a linear Hubble Law uncovered an amazingly vast universe that presented in Fig. 1; this graph has become back to time t = 0); it is thus related to has been expanding and evolving for 14 bil- a scientific landmark that is regularly repro- the age of the Universe from the Big-Bang lion years and contains dark matter, dark duced in astronomy textbooks. -
Matéria E Energia Escuras E O Gás De Chaplyin
CURIOSIDADES DA FÍSICA José Maria Filardo Bassalo www.bassalo.com.br Matéria e Energia Escuras e o Gás de Chaplyin. Segundo vimos em verbetes desta série, entre 1924 e 1926, o astrônomo norte-americano Edwin Powell Hubble (1889-1953) realizou, no Observatório de Monte Wilson, observações que o levaram a afirmar que o Universo estava em expansão. Em vista disso, em 1927, o astrônomo belga, o Abade Georges-Henri Edouard Lemaître (1894-1966) formulou um modelo cosmológico segundo o qual o Universo teria começado a partir da explosão de um átomo primordial ou ovo cósmico que conteria toda a matéria do Universo [Georges Lemaître, L´Hypothèse de l´Atome Primitif (Neuchâtel, Griffon, 1946)]. Em 1948, os físicos norte-americanos Ralph Asher Alpher (1921-2007), Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906-2005; PNF, 1967) (de origem alemã) e George Antonovich Gamow (1904-1968) (de origem russa) formularam o modelo alfa-beta-gama ( ) que previa que a “big explosão lemaîtreana” [denominada, em 1950, de big bang pelo astrofísico inglês Sir Fred Hoyle (1915-2001)] teria deixado um rastro térmico (calculado em torno de 20 K), a chamada radiação cósmica de fundo de microonda (RCFM), que foi detectada, em 1965, pelos radioastrônomos norte- americanos Arno Allan Penzias (n.1933; PNF, 1978) (de origem alemã) e Robert Woodrow Wilson (n.1936; PNF, 1978) com uma temperatura correspondente a (3,5 1) K. Contudo, esse modelo (teoria) do big bang (MBB ou TBB) apresentava uma série de problemas que, no entanto, foram tratados com novos modelos, principalmente os chamados modelos cosmológicos inflacionários, nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. -
22. Big-Bang Cosmology
1 22. Big-Bang Cosmology 22. Big-Bang Cosmology Revised August 2019 by K.A. Olive (Minnesota U.) and J.A. Peacock (Edinburgh U.). 22.1 Introduction to Standard Big-Bang Model The observed expansion of the Universe [1–3] is a natural (almost inevitable) result of any homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model based on general relativity. However, by itself, the Hubble expansion does not provide sufficient evidence for what we generally refer to as the Big-Bang model of cosmology. While general relativity is in principle capable of describing the cosmology of any given distribution of matter, it is extremely fortunate that our Universe appears to be homogeneous and isotropic on large scales. Together, homogeneity and isotropy allow us to extend the Copernican Principle to the Cosmological Principle, stating that all spatial positions in the Universe are essentially equivalent. The formulation of the Big-Bang model began in the 1940s with the work of George Gamow and his collaborators, Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman. In order to account for the possibility that the abundances of the elements had a cosmological origin, they proposed that the early Universe was once very hot and dense (enough so as to allow for the nucleosynthetic processing of hydrogen), and has subsequently expanded and cooled to its present state [4,5]. In 1948, Alpher and Herman predicted that a direct consequence of this model is the presence of a relic background radiation with a temperature of order a few K [6,7]. Of course this radiation was observed 16 years later as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) [8]. -
Evidence for the Big Bang
fact sheet Evidence for the Big Bang What is the Big Bang theory? The Big Bang theory is an explanation of the early development of the Universe. According to this theory the Universe expanded from an extremely small, extremely hot, and extremely dense state. Since then it has expanded and become less dense and cooler. The Big Bang is the best model used by astronomers to explain the creation of matter, space and time 13.7 billion years ago. What evidence is there to support the Big Bang theory? Two major scientific discoveries provide strong support for the Big Bang theory: • Hubble’s discovery in the 1920s of a relationship between a galaxy’s distance from Earth and its speed; and • the discovery in the 1960s of cosmic microwave background radiation. When scientists talk about the expanding Universe, they mean that it has been increasing in size ever since the Big Bang. But what exactly is getting bigger? Galaxies, stars, planets and the things on them like buildings, cars and people aren’t getting bigger. Their size is controlled by the strength of the fundamental forces that hold atoms and sub-atomic particles together, and as far as we know that hasn’t changed. Instead it’s the space between galaxies that’s increasing – they’re getting further apart as space itself expands. How do we know the Universe is expanding? Early in the 20th century the Universe was thought to be static: always the same size, neither expanding nor contracting. But in 1924 astronomer Edwin Hubble used a technique pioneered by Henrietta Leavitt to measure distances to remote objects in the sky. -
Georges Lemaître - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 5
Georges Lemaître - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 5 Georges Lemaître From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Monsignor Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Georges Lemaître Lemaître ( lemaitre.ogg 17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian priest, astronomer and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain. He sometimes used the title Abbé or Monseigneur . Lemaître proposed what became known as the Big Bang theory of the origin of the Universe, which he called his 'hypothesis of the primeval atom'. [1][2] Contents 1 Biography 2 Work 3 Namesakes 4 Bibliography 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Biography Monseigneur Georges Lemaître, priest and scientist Born 17 July 1894 After a Charleroi, Belgium classical education at Died 20 June 1966 (aged 71) a Jesuit Leuven, Belgium secondary Nationality Belgian school (Collège du Fields Cosmology, Astrophysics Sacré-Coeur, Institutions Catholic University of Louvain Charleroi), Lemaître began studying civil engineering at the Catholic University of Louvain at the age of 17. In 1914, he interrupted his studies to serve as an artillery officer in the Belgian army for the duration of World War I. At the end of hostilities, he received the Military Cross with palms. According to the Big Bang theory, the After the war, he studied physics and mathematics, and began universe emerged from an extremely to prepare for priesthood. He obtained his doctorate in 1920 dense and hot state (singularity). Space with a thesis entitled l'Approximation des fonctions de itself has been expanding ever since, plusieurs variables réelles ( Approximation of functions of carrying galaxies with it, like raisins in a several real variables ), written under the direction of Charles rising loaf of bread.