DOCSLIB.ORG

Arachnida: Araneae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arachnida: Araneae Zoological Studies 39(2): 123-132 (2000) The Spider Family Theridiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Orchid Island, Taiwan: Descriptions of Six New and One Newly Recorded Species Hajime Yoshida1,*, I-Min Tso2,3 and Lucia Liu Severinghaus3 17-16, Kagota 2 Chome, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-2484, Japan 2Department of Biology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407, R.O.C. 3Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, R.O.C. (Accepted February 2, 2000) Hajime Yoshida, I-Min Tso and Lucia Liu Severinghaus (2000) The spider family Theridiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Orchid Island, Taiwan: descriptions of six new and one newly recorded species. Zoological Studies 39(2): 123-132. From a preliminary spider fauna investigation conducted in 1993 and 1997 on Orchid Island, Taiwan, 17 species of the spider family Theridiidae are recorded. Six of them are described as new species under the names, Argyrodes nigroris, Chrosiothes fulvus, Chrosiothes taiwan, Chrysso orchis, Achaearanea lanyuensis, and Achaearanea quadrimaculata. Theridion xianfengensis Zhu and Song, 1992 is recorded for the first time from Taiwan. This paper describes the external morphology of these 7 new/new record species and reports the synonymies and distribution records of the other 10 theridiid species. Key words: Spider fauna, New species, Orchid Island, Theridiidae. Currently, spider diversity in most areas of Tai- trips to Orchid Island to study the behavioral ecology wan is severely understudied. Islands off both the of spiders. During those trips, we also made some east and west coasts of Taiwan have received even preliminary collections to assess the feasibility of fu- less attention. One such island is Orchid Island ture comprehensive spider diversity studies. Despite (Lanyu in Chinese; 22°N, 121°E, area 45 km2), a the limited effort expended, we have obtained a large tropical island in a chain of islands stretching from number of specimens from various families that the Philippines, Taiwan, and the Ryukyus to Japan. were previously undescribed. Here, we report the Located 91 km off the southeastern coast of Taiwan, results of a preliminary taxonomic study we per- Orchid Island’s climate is characterized by relatively formed on Orchid Island’s theridiid diversity. high temperatures (average 22.4 °C), high humidity Among the approximately 35 000 species of spi- (more than 90%), and high annual rainfall (more than ders documented worldwide (Foelix l996), comb- 2600 mm) (Chen 1982). Due to its tropical climatic footed spiders of the family Theridiidae are one of pattern, Orchid Island is covered by dense primary the most diverse families, and currently 2350 spe- forest which is relatively unexplored compared with cies have been reported (Zhu l998). A recent com- forests in Taiwan. Previous expeditions focusing on prehensive review of theridiid morphology, ecology, the diversity of selected groups (mainly vertebrates systematics, and biogeography is available in Zhu and flowering plants) have revealed that Orchid (1998). In Taiwan, among all the spider families Island’s fauna and flora both contain components documented, Theridiidae is the second most that are unseen in Taiwan but are common in the diverse, and to date, 45 species have been reported Philippines (Shen 1998). Therefore, Orchid Island (Chen 1996, Yoshida 1996, Yoshida et al. 1998). should have a unique spider diversity that differs Here, we report on 17 species of theridiids collected from known Taiwanese fauna. from Orchid Island. Among them, 4 species of In 1993 and 1997, we conducted several field Argyrodes were previously reported (Yoshida et al. *To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. 123 124 Zoological Studies 39(2): 123-132 (2000) 1998); 6 species are recognized as new, one is con- MOA, anterior width: posterior width: length in the sidered a possibly new species, one is recorded from ratio of 17:15:17. Leg formula: 4, 1, 2, 3. Genital Taiwan for the first time, and the other five are also organs as shown in figures 2-3: seminal receptacles found in Taiwan. This result increases the number of 2 pairs; ducts thick, connecting to top of large semi- Taiwanese theridiid species to 52. nal receptacles. Coloration: Carapace dusky brown, lighter in head region. Chelicerae, maxillae, and labium gray- METHODS ish dusky brown. Sternum dusky brown. Legs yel- lowish brown; femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi Specimens recorded in this paper were col- with distal dusky bands; 1st and 2nd tibiae and meta- lected by Y. J. Fang and the authors from 4 major tarsi with ventral dusky flecks. Abdomen black with sites on Orchid Island (Taitung County), Taiwan in grayish flecks as shown in figure 1; venter grayish August 1993 and February to June and October to dusky brown; epigynum brown. December 1997 (10 field trips). The 4 major collec- Specimen examined: 1 ð, near Light House, tion sites were Light House (22°05’N, 121°29’E), Orchid Island, Taitung County, Taiwan, 18-II-1997, Y. Yunghsing Farm (22°01’N, 121°34’E), Chungai J. Fang leg. (THU-Ar-970001). Bridge (22°00’N, 121°33’E), and Tienchih (22°01’N, Remarks: This species seems to be new. We 121°33’E). Collections were conducted both during will assign a new scientific name when more speci- the day and at night by hand and sweep net. Two mens are available. specimens of a new species used in this paper were collected by M. Yoshimura from Chihpen (22°41’N, Dipoena mustelina (Simon, 1888) 121°00’E, Taitung County) and Kenting (22°02’N, (Fig. 4) 120°47’E, Pingtung County), on the main island of Taiwan. Euryopis mustelina Simon, 1888, p. 251; Yaginuma 1960, p. 34, The holotypes and some paratypes of the new pl. 7, fig. 42. Dipoena mustelina: Yaginuma, 1967, p. 88; Yaginuma 1986, p. species are deposited in the collection of the Depart- 42, pl. 10, fig. 3, text-fig. 23-3; Zhu 1992, p. l09, figs. 5-6; ment of Biology, Tunghai University, Taiwan (THU- Zhu 1998, p. 240, fig. 157. Ar-) and the National Science Museum (Natural History), Tokyo (NSMT). Female: Total length 2.74. Carapace length All measurements are given in millimeters 1.05; width 1. Abdomen length 1.84; width 1.76. First (mm), except for ratios and leg formulae. The abbre- leg: femur 1.05; patella and tibia 1.21; metatarsus viations used in this paper are as follows: ALE, ante- 0.87; tarsus 0.45. Second patella and tibia 1.05; 3rd rior lateral eye(s); AME, anterior median eye(s); patella and tibia 1; 4th patella and tibia 1.5. MOA, median ocular area; PLE, posterior lateral eye Coloration: Basal color yellowish white. Cara- (s); and PME, posterior median eye(s). The mea- pace with a median dusky fleck. Abdomen with surements described in this study are based on the dusky flecks as shown in figure 4; venter with a small holotype and 1 specimen of sex different from that of dusky fleck between epigynum and spinnerets. ð the holotype. Variations in length of body, carapace, Specimens examined: 1 , Yunghsing Farm, and abdomen are given when additional specimens Orchid Island, Taitung County, Taiwan, 14-IV-1997, ñ are available for measurements. I.M. Tso leg. (THU-Ar-97002); 1 , Tienchih, Orchid Island, Taitung County, Taiwan, 20-XII-1997, I.M. Tso leg. (THU-Ar-970003). Species Accounts Distribution: Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea, and Dipoena sp. Indonesia. (Figs. 1-3) Female: Total length 1.47. Carapace length 0. Steatoda cingulata (Thorell, 1890) 79; width 0.66. Abdomen length 0.97; width 0.87. Stethopoma cingulata Thorell, 1890, p. 289. First leg: femur 0.66; patella and tibia 0.68; metatar- Steatoda albilunate: Yaginuma, 1960, p. 34, pl. 7, fig. 41. sus 0.39; tarsus 0.47, 2nd patella and tibia 0.61; 3rd Steatoda cavernicola: Yaginuma, 1986, p. 39, pl. 9, fig. 5, text-fig. patella and tibia 0.47; 4th patella and tibia 0.74. 21-5. Diameters of AME: ALE: PME: PLE in the ratio Steatoda cingulata: Zhu, 1998, p. 329, fig. 220. Lithyphantes cavaleriei Schenkel, 1963, p. l02, fig. 60. of 7:5:7:6. AME 5/7 their diameter apart and 2/7 Lithyphantes cavernicola Bösenberg and Strand, l906, p. 154, pl. from ALE. PME 4/7 their diameter apart and 6/7 from 5, fig. 57; Lee 1964, p. 26, pl. 5, fig. N. PLE. ALE and PLE almost abutting each other. Asagena albilunata Saito, 1939, p. 51, pl. 1, fig. 3, text-fig. 6-3. Yoshida et al. − Theridiidae from Orchid Island 125 Specimen examined: 1 ñ, Light House, Orchid 0.82. First leg: femur 1.11; patella and tibia 1.11; Island, Taitung County, Taiwan, 18-III-1997, I.M. Tso metatarsus 0.79; tarsus 0.5. Second patella and leg. (THU-Ar-970022). tibia 0.74; 3rd patella and tibia 0.45; 4th patella and Distribution: Taiwan and Orchid Island. Widely tibia 0.63. distributed in Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. Carapace elongated and flattened; eye region projecting; clypeus with small concavity. Diameters Argyrodes nigroris sp. nov. of AME: ALE: PME: PLE in the ratio of 4:3:2:2. AME (Figs. 5-10) 5/4 their diameter apart and 1/4 from ALE. PME twice their diameter apart and 3/4 from PLE. MOA, Male: Total length 1.95. Carapace length 0.79; anterior width: posterior width: length in the ratio of width 0.55. Abdomen length 1.16; width 0.89; height 5:4:4. Abdomen suboval; dorsum, epigastric area, Figs. 1-10. 1-3. Dipoena sp. 1, female carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 2, epigynum, ventral view; 3, female genitalia, dorsal view. 4. Dipoena mustelina (Simon, 1888), female carapace and abdomen, dorsal view.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Insights Into the Phylogenetic Structure of the Spider
    MolecularBlackwell Publishing Ltd insights into the phylogenetic structure of the spider genus Theridion (Araneae, Theridiidae) and the origin of the Hawaiian Theridion-like fauna MIQUEL A. ARNEDO, INGI AGNARSSON & ROSEMARY G. GILLESPIE Accepted: 9 March 2007 Arnedo, M. A., Agnarsson, I. & Gillespie, R. G. (2007). Molecular insights into the phylo- doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00280.x genetic structure of the spider genus Theridion (Araneae, Theridiidae) and the origin of the Hawaiian Theridion-like fauna. — Zoologica Scripta, 36, 337–352. The Hawaiian happy face spider (Theridion grallator Simon, 1900), named for a remarkable abdominal colour pattern resembling a smiling face, has served as a model organism for under- standing the generation of genetic diversity. Theridion grallator is one of 11 endemic Hawaiian species of the genus reported to date. Asserting the origin of island endemics informs on the evolutionary context of diversification, and how diversity has arisen on the islands. Studies on the genus Theridion in Hawaii, as elsewhere, have long been hampered by its large size (> 600 species) and poor definition. Here we report results of phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of five genes conducted on five diverse species of Hawaiian Theridion, along with the most intensive sampling of Theridiinae analysed to date. Results indicate that the Hawai- ian Islands were colonised by two independent Theridiinae lineages, one of which originated in the Americas. Both lineages have undergone local diversification in the archipelago and have convergently evolved similar bizarre morphs. Our findings confirm para- or polyphyletic status of the largest Theridiinae genera: Theridion, Achaearanea and Chrysso.
    [Show full text]
  • Howard Associate Professor of Natural History and Curator Of
    INGI AGNARSSON PH.D. Howard Associate Professor of Natural History and Curator of Invertebrates, Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405-0086 E-mail: [email protected]; Web: http://theridiidae.com/ and http://www.islandbiogeography.org/; Phone: (+1) 802-656-0460 CURRICULUM VITAE SUMMARY PhD: 2004. #Pubs: 138. G-Scholar-H: 42; i10: 103; citations: 6173. New species: 74. Grants: >$2,500,000. PERSONAL Born: Reykjavík, Iceland, 11 January 1971 Citizenship: Icelandic Languages: (speak/read) – Icelandic, English, Spanish; (read) – Danish; (basic) – German PREPARATION University of Akron, Akron, 2007-2008, Postdoctoral researcher. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2005-2007, Postdoctoral researcher. George Washington University, Washington DC, 1998-2004, Ph.D. The University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 1992-1995, B.Sc. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS University of Vermont, Burlington. 2016-present, Associate Professor. University of Vermont, Burlington, 2012-2016, Assistant Professor. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 2008-2012, Assistant Professor. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 2004-2007, 2010- present. Research Associate. Hubei University, Wuhan, China. Adjunct Professor. 2016-present. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavík, 1995-1998. Researcher (Icelandic invertebrates). Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 1993-1994. Research Assistant (rocky shore ecology). GRANTS Institute of Museum and Library Services (MA-30-19-0642-19), 2019-2021, co-PI ($222,010). Museums for America Award for infrastructure and staff salaries. National Geographic Society (WW-203R-17), 2017-2020, PI ($30,000). Caribbean Caves as biodiversity drivers and natural units for conservation. National Science Foundation (IOS-1656460), 2017-2021: one of four PIs (total award $903,385 thereof $128,259 to UVM).
    [Show full text]
  • A Protocol for Online Documentation of Spider Biodiversity Inventories Applied to a Mexican Tropical Wet Forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae)
    Zootaxa 4722 (3): 241–269 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.3.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6AC6E70B-6E6A-4D46-9C8A-2260B929E471 A protocol for online documentation of spider biodiversity inventories applied to a Mexican tropical wet forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae) FERNANDO ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA1, 2, M. ANTONIO GALÁN-SÁNCHEZ1 & F. JAVIER SALGUEIRO- SEPÚLVEDA1 1Laboratorio de Aracnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Colonia Copilco el Bajo. C. P. 04510. Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México. E-mail: [email protected] 2Corresponding author Abstract Spider community inventories have relatively well-established standardized collecting protocols. Such protocols set rules for the orderly acquisition of samples to estimate community parameters and to establish comparisons between areas. These methods have been tested worldwide, providing useful data for inventory planning and optimal sampling allocation efforts. The taxonomic counterpart of biodiversity inventories has received considerably less attention. Species lists and their relative abundances are the only link between the community parameters resulting from a biotic inventory and the biology of the species that live there. However, this connection is lost or speculative at best for species only partially identified (e. g., to genus but not to species). This link is particularly important for diverse tropical regions were many taxa are undescribed or little known such as spiders. One approach to this problem has been the development of biodiversity inventory websites that document the morphology of the species with digital images organized as standard views.
    [Show full text]
  • A Summary List of Fossil Spiders
    A summary list of fossil spiders compiled by Jason A. Dunlop (Berlin), David Penney (Manchester) & Denise Jekel (Berlin) Suggested citation: Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2010. A summary list of fossil spiders. In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Last udated: 10.12.2009 INTRODUCTION Fossil spiders have not been fully cataloged since Bonnet’s Bibliographia Araneorum and are not included in the current Catalog. Since Bonnet’s time there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the spider fossil record and numerous new taxa have been described. As part of a larger project to catalog the diversity of fossil arachnids and their relatives, our aim here is to offer a summary list of the known fossil spiders in their current systematic position; as a first step towards the eventual goal of combining fossil and Recent data within a single arachnological resource. To integrate our data as smoothly as possible with standards used for living spiders, our list follows the names and sequence of families adopted in the Catalog. For this reason some of the family groupings proposed in Wunderlich’s (2004, 2008) monographs of amber and copal spiders are not reflected here, and we encourage the reader to consult these studies for details and alternative opinions. Extinct families have been inserted in the position which we hope best reflects their probable affinities. Genus and species names were compiled from established lists and cross-referenced against the primary literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Araneae, Theridiidae)
    Phelsuma 14; 49-89 Theridiid or cobweb spiders of the granitic Seychelles islands (Araneae, Theridiidae) MICHAEL I. SAARISTO Zoological Museum, Centre for Biodiversity University of Turku,FIN-20014 Turku FINLAND [micsaa@utu.fi ] Abstract. - This paper describes 8 new genera, namely Argyrodella (type species Argyrodes pusillus Saaristo, 1978), Bardala (type species Achearanea labarda Roberts, 1982), Nanume (type species Theridion naneum Roberts, 1983), Robertia (type species Theridion braueri (Simon, 1898), Selimus (type species Theridion placens Blackwall, 1877), Sesato (type species Sesato setosa n. sp.), Spinembolia (type species Theridion clabnum Roberts, 1978), and Stoda (type species Theridion libudum Roberts, 1978) and one new species (Sesato setosa n. sp.). The following new combinations are also presented: Phycosoma spundana (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., Argyrodella pusillus (Saaristo, 1978) n. comb., Rhomphaea recurvatus (Saaristo, 1978) n. comb., Rhomphaea barycephalus (Roberts, 1983) n. comb., Bardala labarda (Roberts, 1982) n. comb., Moneta coercervus (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., Nanume naneum (Roberts, 1983) n. comb., Parasteatoda mundula (L. Koch, 1872) n. comb., Robertia braueri (Simon, 1898). n. comb., Selimus placens (Blackwall, 1877) n. comb., Sesato setosa n. gen, n. sp., Spinembolia clabnum (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., and Stoda libudum (Roberts, 1978) n. comb.. Also the opposite sex of four species are described for the fi rst time, namely females of Phycosoma spundana (Roberts, 1978) and P. menustya (Roberts, 1983) and males of Spinembolia clabnum (Roberts, 1978) and Stoda libudum (Roberts, 1978). Finally the morphology and terminology of the male and female secondary genital organs are discussed. Key words. - copulatory organs, morphology, Seychelles, spiders, Theridiidae. INTRODUCTION Theridiids or comb-footed spiders are very variable in general apperance often with considerable sexual dimorphism.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Epigeic Spider Community in Pear Orchards Managed Using Different Farming Methods* 1)
    Korean J. Org. Agric. 463 Volume 27, Number 4: 463-477, November 2019 ISSN 1229-3571 (Print) http://dx.doi.org/10.11625/KJOA.2019.27.4.463 ISSN 2287-819X (Online) Biodiversity of Epigeic Spider Community in Pear Orchards Managed using Different Farming Methods* 1) Song, Jang-Hoon**†․Seo, Ho-Jin**†․Im, Jae-Seong***†․ Choi, Eu-Ddum**․Kim, Seung-Tae**** 배 과원의 재배형태별 토양성 거미군집의 생물다양성 송장훈․서호진․임재성․최으뜸․김승태 This study was conducted to compare the community structure and biodiversity of epigeic spiders between pear fields cultivated by integrated pest management (IPM) and organic methods. This is the first study of this kind to be conducted in Korea. Eighty-four spider species from 22 families were identified among the collected 2,489 arthropods, with 754 individuals being sampled from IPM fields and 1,735 individuals from organic fields. Generally, Theridiidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Agelenidae, Gnaphosidae, and Salticidae were the dominant spider families in the pear orchard regardless of the farming methods, and species richness and abundance were higher in organic fields than in IPM fields. The dominant species were the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and stone spiders (Gnaphosidae), and their cumulative abundance was 70.7% in IPM fields and 72.7% in organic fields. The community structure between organic and IPM fields was heterogeneous, with a 45% similarity level. Biodiversity, species richness, abundance, and species diversity index were higher in organic fields than in IPM fields, and significantly different between the farming methods. Seasonal fluctuations in biodiversity were similar in both IPM and organic fields. The species richness and species diversity index increased and the abundance decreased in the second half of the cultivation period.
    [Show full text]
  • Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024
    Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 ©Anthony Sun June 2021 (Mid-term version) Prepared by WWF-Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 Page | 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Regional and Global Context ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Local Biodiversity and Wise Use ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Geology and Geological History ................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Climate ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Climate Change Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of the Comb-Footed Spider Subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with Generic Diagnoses and a Key to the Genera
    Zootaxa 3666 (2): 171–193 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FE211811-36E2-4A22-A55B-6E080E5CEC1D Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera CÉSAR G. DURÁN-BARRÓN1,3, MARÍA V. ROSAS2 & ATILANO CONTRERAS-RAMOS1 1Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, México, D.F., C.P. 04510 2Instituto Profesional de la Región Sur, Campus Sur, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Jojutla, Morelos 62900, México 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The monophyly of Spintharinae is supported in agreement with previous analysis of Theridiidae by Agnarsson and Arnedo et al. We study the relationships of the genera within Spintharinae. Fourteen species in the genera Chrosiothes, Episinus, Spintharus, Stemmops, and Thwaitesia constituted the ingroup, while five species from the genera Euryopis and Dipoena (Hadrotarsinae), as well as Latrodectus and Steatoda (Latrodectinae), served as outgroup taxa. The character matrix in- cluded 49 morphological characters. Parsimony analyses using several character weighting strategies supported the mono- phyly of Spintharinae with Stemmops as sister to a clade that includes the remaining ingroup taxa. Chrosiothes emerged as sister to Episinus + Spintharus + Thwaitesia which formed a polytomy. The equally weighted, successive weighted, and preferred implied weight topologies, were all logically consistent. A key to the genera of Spintharinae and diagnoses for each genus are given.
    [Show full text]
  • Spider Fauna of Meghalaya, India
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 71 (2017) 78-104 EISSN 2392-2192 Spider Fauna of Meghalaya, India Tapan Kumar Roy1,a, Sumana Saha2,b and Dinendra Raychaudhuri1,c 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Narendrapur, Kolkata - 700103, India 2Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Govt. College, Barasat, Kolkata – 700124, India a,b,cE-mails: [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT The present study is on the spider fauna of Nongkhylem Wildlife Sanctuary (NWS), Sohra (Cherrapunji) [included within East Khasi Hill District], Umsning (Ri Bhoi District) and their surrounding tea estates (Anderson Tea Estate, Byrnihat Tea Estate and Meg Tea Estate) of Meghalaya, India. A total of 55 species belonging to 36 genera and 13 families are sampled. Newly recorded taxa include four genera and 11 species of Araneidae, six genera of Araneidae, each represented by single species. The species recorded under Tylorida Simon and Tetragnatha Latreille of Tetragnathidae and Camaricus Thorell and Thomisus Walckenaer of Thomisidae are found to be new from the state. Also, three oxyopids and one miagrammopid are new. So far, Linyphiidae, Pisauridae, Sparassidae and Theridiidae were unknown from the state. Out of 55 species, 13 are endemic to India and thus exhibiting a high endemicity (23.6%). A family key of the State Fauna is provided along with relevant images of the newly recorded species. Keywords: Spiders, New Records, Endemicity, Nongkhylem Wildlife Sanctuary, Sohra; Umsning, Tea Ecosystem, Meghalaya, Tylorida, Tetragnatha, Tetragnathidae, Camaricus, Thomisus, Thomisidae, Linyphiidae, Pisauridae, Sparassidae, Theridiidae, Araneidae ( Received 05 April 2017; Accepted 01 May 2017; Date of Publication 03 May 2017 ) World Scientific News 71 (2017) 78-104 1.
    [Show full text]
  • El Colegio De La Frontera Sur
    El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Diversidad de arañas del suelo en cuatro tipos de vegetación del Soconusco, Chiapas, México TESIS presentada como requisito parcial para optar al grado de Maestría en Ciencias en Recursos Naturales y Desarrollo Rural por David Chamé Vázquez 2015 DEDICATORIA A mi familia, de quien he aprendido a nunca rendirme, a levantarme una y otra vez no importando las veces que las dificultades nos hayan abatido y continuar en la persecución de nuestros sueños. "Once more into the fray Into the last good fight I'll ever know. Live and die on this day. Live and die on this day." GMSG Sin ti la vida sería una equivocación AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología por la beca proporcionada para continuar con mis estudios de posgrado. Al Dr. Guillermo Ibarra por sus enseñanzas, perseverancia y apoyo durante toda la tesis. A la Dra. María Luisa Jiménez y al M en C. Héctor Montaño quienes contribuyeron en la dirección de la tesis y por sus atinados comentarios y sugerencias. A Gabriela Angulo, Eduardo Chamé, Héctor Montaño y Gloria M. Suárez por su ayuda en el trabajo de campo y laboratorio lo que permitió culminar esta tesis. Al M. en C. Juan Cisneros Hernández, Dra. Ariane Liliane Jeanne Dor Roques y Dra. Lislie Solís Montero por sus comentarios y sugerencias que ayudaron a mejorar el presente documento. Al M. en C. Francisco Javier Valle Mora por su asesoría estadística. A G. Angulo, K. Bernal, E.F. Campuzano, L. Gallegos, F. Gómez, S. D. Moreno y G. Sánchez por su desinteresada amistad y apoyo durante mi estancia en la colección.
    [Show full text]
  • Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology Publishes a Wide Variety of Papers
    _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2011__________ 877 PROPOSITION OF A NEW COMBINATION, CHRYSSO ANGULA (TIKADER) FOR THE INDIAN ENDEMIC THERIDULA EMERTON AND A NEW SYNONYMY FOR CHRYSSO PSEUDOTHERIDULA SILIWAL (ARANEAE: THERIDIIDAE) Souvik Sen*, Sumana Saha** and Dinendra Raychaudhuri* * Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, INDIA. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] ** Department of Zoology, Lady Brabourne College, Govt. of West Bengal, P- ½, Suhrawardy Avenue, Kolkata- 700017, INDIA. E-mail: [email protected] [Sen, S., Saha, S. & Raychaudhuri, D. 2011. Proposition of a new combination, Chrysso angula (Tikader) for the Indian endemic Theridula Emerton and a new synonymy for Chrysso pseudotheridula Siliwal (Araneae: Theridiidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 6 (2): 877-881] ABSTRACT: The two Indian endemic Theridula Emerton species are transferred to Chrysso O. P. Cambridge. Theridula swatiae Biswas et al. and Chrysso pseudotheridula Siliwal are considered as junior synonyms of C. angula (Tikader). Diagnosis of C. angula (Tikader) is revised and accordingly illustrated. KEY WORDS: Taxonomy, Theridula angula, new combination, T. swatiae, Chrysso pseudotheridula, synonymy, India. Siliwal (2009) described a new theridid Chrysso pseudotheridula from North- East India and justifiably suggested the need of taxonomic revision of two endemic Theridula Emerton, T. angula Tikader, 1970 and T. swatiae Biswas et al., 1997. She (op. cit.) doubted on the status of both the species under Theridula. During the course of present study representatives of all 3 species in question are at hand. A critical examination of such samples is strongly suggestive of Theridula swatiae and Chrysso pseudotheridula as the junior synonyms of Chrysso angula (Tikader) [=Theridula angula Tikader].
    [Show full text]
  • Predation on an Ant-Mimicking Jumping Spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne Plataleoides) by an Ant-Eating Web Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso Sp.)
    Peckhamia 235.1 Predation on Myrmarachne plataleoides by Chrysso 1 PECKHAMIA 235.1, 18 May 2021, 1―4 ISSN 2161―8526 (print) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ED9B00A7-7941-4B72-BC55-C45DF3512695 (registered 15 MAY 2021) ISSN 1944―8120 (online) Predation on an ant-mimicking jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) by an ant-eating web spider (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso sp.) Abhijith A. P. C.1 and David E. Hill 2 1 Indraprastha Organic Farm, Kalalwadi Village, Udboor Post, Mysuru-570008, Karnataka, India, email [email protected] 2 213 Wild Horse Creek Drive, Simpsonville SC 29680, USA, email [email protected] Abstract. Predation on an adult male ant-mimicking salticid, Myrmarachne plataleoides, by an ant- eating theridiid spider (Chrysso sp.) is documented. Key words. Karnataka, Myrmaplata, Oecophylla smaragdina Theridiid spiders are thought to have evolved largely as predators on ants (Liu et al. 2016). Here we report predation on the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1869) by a theridiid (sp. indet.) of the genus Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge 1882. Related observations (Figure 3:1-5) were documented by one of the authors (Abhijith) at his Indraprastha organic farm, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. Myrmarachne plataleoides (Figure 1) is widely distributed in tropical south and southeast Asia (Ramachandra & Hill 2018), an ant-mimic that associates with colonies of the Green Tree Ant Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius 1775 (Figure 2), and is known to feed on smaller spiders (Oecobiidae: Oecobius; Abhijith, Hill & Pai 2020). Although the association with Oecophylla may represent an obligate relationship for M. plataleoides, these ants also represent a continuous danger (Ramachandra & Hill 2018).
    [Show full text]