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Facing the Growing Problem of the Electric Power Consumption in Egyptian Residential Building Using Building Performance Simulation Program

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Facing the Growing Problem of the Electric Power Consumption in Egyptian Residential Building Using Building Performance Simulation Program Building Simulation Cairo 2013 - Towards Sustainable & Green Built Environment, Cairo, June 23rd - 24th Topic name: Energy in Buildings Facing the Growing Problem of the Electric Power Consumption in Egyptian Residential Building Using Building Performance Simulation Program Aly Elharidi 1,2,* , Paul Tuohy 2, M. Teamah 1 1 Arab Academy For science, technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt 2 University of Strathclyde (Energy System Research Unit [ESRU]), Glasgow, United Kingdom * Corresponding author. Tel: +201006078383, Fax: +2034273415, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Egypt has been experiencing recurrent power cuts especially at the summer, with the problem being made worse by the extra demands placed on the electrical grid by the advent of the holy month of Ramadan. Electricity shortages are now a problem in Cairo, Alexandria, Sohag, Qena, Luxor, Aswan, and Nubia, as well as in the Nile Delta governorates of Beheira and Qalioubiya. The aim of this study is to develop a model for the Egyptian residential building using Building Performance Simulation Program and make sensitivity analysis on some variables effecting the electric power consumption in order to help faceting the growing problem in Egypt. The model was created using the IES-VE 2012 (Integrated Environmental Solution <Virtual Environment>). The simulation model was verified against the survey data for the Egyptian apartment and same model simulated using energy Plus simulation tool. The results of the program describing different situations for energy using profile for the air conditions, lighting and equipments in respect to building layout and construction climate and pattern of use. This model can be used in the future to help in reducing the electric power consumption in the residential building. Keywords: Egyptian residential building, Building Performance Simulation Program in Egypt 1. Introduction Alexandria, Sohag, Qena, Luxor, The effects of energy use in buildings Aswan, and Nubia, as well as in the Nile Delta governorates of Beheira and are nationwide , worldwide, and varied. Having a fundamental impact on Qalioubiya. people’s lives, these effects include the economic well-being of the nation, the Several Cairo districts have been dependence of the countries on foreign experiencing regular power cuts, especially Helwan, Shubra, Maadi, oil , and national security. On an individual basis, even human health Haram, Heliopolis and Nasr City. In can be affected by building energy use Upper Egypt, residents of the town of when rising energy costs render a Sohag protested against the power cuts conditioned, comfortable, healthy last week, and the police had to indoor environment unaffordable. On a prevent them from attacking the larger scale, carbon emissions, which electricity company's offices and governorate buildings.[1] are directly tied to building energy use , affect the health of our planet. In Egypt, residential buildings are the major consumer of energy in a country Egypt has been experiencing recurrent Figure 1where 45% of the population power cuts since the beginning of lives in urban areas. In 2009/2010, the summer, with the problem being made residential building sector consumed worse by the extra demands placed on more than 48% of the total nationally the electrical grid by the advent of the generated electricity.[2] holy month of Ramadan. Electricity shortages are now a problem in Cairo, Building Simulation Cairo 2013 - Towards Sustainable & Green Built Environment, Cairo, June 23rd - 24th Topic name: Energy in Buildings The amount of energy sold by the building load profiles. It is believed distribution company distributed on that sensitivity techniques are use full purpose 2009/2010 for assessing thermal responses of Others 6% Commercial Industrial buildings and data variability in 3% 21% building energy simulation.[4] agriculture Homes 4% 48% J.A. Clarke et al. in 2002 describes the development and testing of a prototype Government and public simulation-assisted controller, in which facilities 18% a detailed simulation program is embedded in real-time control decision Figure 1 - Percentage of Electric Power making. LabVIEW was used as a Consumption in Different sectors for Egypt BEMS replacement and the dynamic 2009/2010 simulation program ESP-r was used for control scenario appraisal. This paper The main scope of the present study is described an experiment undertaken providing a model using building with the prototype control system in simulation tool for the typical full-scale rooms within Honeywell’s apartment in Egypt and use it to make test facility, demonstrating how such a a sensitivity analysis for this building system could be used to generate as to reduce the electric power optimum start times.[5] consumption on peak hours. Literature Review Drury B. Crawley et al. In 2008 made an overview of a report, which The PASSYS project was formed in provides up-to-date comparison of the 1986 by the Commission of the features and capabilities of twenty European Communities with the aim of major building energy simulation increasing confidence in passive solar programs: BLAST, BSim, DeST, heating systems. One of the ways DOE-2.1E, ECOTECT, Ener-Win, chosen to do this was the Energy Express, Energy-10, approval/development of a European EnergyPlus, eQUEST, ESP-r, IDA validation methodology for building ICE, IES/VES, HAP, HEED, energy simulation programs. Scren PowerDomus, SUNREL, Tas, TRACE Ostergaard Jensen made Model and TRNSYS they were found that Validation and Development Subgroup even among the ‘mature’ tools, there within PASSYS.[3] was not a common language to describe what the tools could do. There JOSEPH C. LAM et al. in 1996 made a was much ambiguity, which will sensitive analysis for energy continue to require additional work to performance of office buildings in resolve in the future.[6] Hong Kong. Sensitivity methods for the study of building energy D.J. Sailor in 2008 developed and performance are explained. The DOE- integrated into the EnergyPlus building 2 building energy simulation program energy simulation program a is used on a generic model of an office physically based model of the energy building to generate data for the study. balance of a vegetated rooftop. This Important input design parameters are green roof module allows the energy identified and analyzed from points of modeler to explore green roof design view of annual building energy options including growing media consumption, peak design loads and thermal properties and depth, and Building Simulation Cairo 2013 - Towards Sustainable & Green Built Environment, Cairo, June 23rd - 24th Topic name: Energy in Buildings vegetation characteristics such as plant zero energy buildings. A residential type, height and leaf area index. The benchmark was established coupling model has been validated by applying sensitivity analysis modeling and it to data gathered from a detailed field energy simulation software study in Florida. Throughout the study (EnergyPlus) as a means of developing it is found that Increasing vegetation a decision support tool to allow density had the expected result of designers to rapidly and flexibly assess reducing summer electricity usage, but the thermal comfort and energy increasing winter heating energy use performance of early design due to the shading effects that are more alternatives. Validation of the results useful in summer, but detrimental in generated by the tool and ability to winter. Finally, increasing summer support the decision making are irrigation also had the expected results, presented in the context of a case study being more effectively in the less and usability testing.[9] humid of the two climates.[7] 2. Methodology Shady Attia et al. In 2012 developed The methodology implemented in this representative simulation building paper includes aspects which energy data sets and benchmark determine the energy consumption models for the Egyptian residential characteristics of air conditioned sector. Through the study a recent field residential buildings in Egypt. The survey for residential apartment methodology followed is similar to buildings in Egypt. Two building other recent international energy performance simulation models are consumption study. The first step was created reflecting the average energy to validate the new model made by the consumption characteristics of air- IES-VE with another one made in conditioned residential apartments in resent research. The second step was to Alexandria, Cairo and Asyut. Aiming make sensitivity analysis for some for future evaluation of the cost and variables which affect the electric energy affects of the new Egyptian power consumption and discuses the energy standard this study established results of these modifications. Hourly two detailed models describing the weather readings for the year 2008 for energy use profiles for air conditioners, Alexandria was obtained from The lighting, domestic hot water and EPW format used in EnergyPlus appliances in respect to buildings (Shady Attia, Arnaud Evrard and layout and construction. Using Energy Elisabeth Gratia). The following Plus simulation tool the collected sections describe in detail the steps surveyed data was used as input for undertaken. two building simulation models. The results presented in this paper, can 2.1. Validation provide a good basis for investigating the potential energy savings of Validation is a complex process which applying the new Egyptian energy can be defined as follows: a rigorous
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