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ESTIMATION of DBH USING TREE VARIABLES DERIVED from AERIAL Lidar for FORD FOREST, BARAGA, MICHIGAN

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ESTIMATION of DBH USING TREE VARIABLES DERIVED from AERIAL Lidar for FORD FOREST, BARAGA, MICHIGAN Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports 2018 ESTIMATION OF DBH USING TREE VARIABLES DERIVED FROM AERIAL LiDAR FOR FORD FOREST, BARAGA, MICHIGAN Tugay Demiraslan Michigan Technological University, [email protected] Copyright 2018 Tugay Demiraslan Recommended Citation Demiraslan, Tugay, "ESTIMATION OF DBH USING TREE VARIABLES DERIVED FROM AERIAL LiDAR FOR FORD FOREST, BARAGA, MICHIGAN", Open Access Master's Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/721 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr Part of the Forest Management Commons, and the Other Forestry and Forest Sciences Commons ESTIMATION OF DBH USING TREE VARIABLES DERIVED FROM AERIAL LiDAR FOR FORD FOREST, BARAGA, MICHIGAN By Tugay Demiraslan A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Forest Ecology and Management MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 Tugay Demiraslan This thesis has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Forest Ecology and Management. School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Thesis Advisor: Dr. Robert Froese Committee Member: Dr. Curtis Edson Committee Member: Michael Hyslop School Dean: Dr. Andrew Storer Dedication “We have sent you as a spark, you must have returned as a flame.” Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1923) To Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the citizens of the country, that he and his generals founded, for supporting me with their taxes. Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. vi Abstract ............................................................................................................................. vii 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. LiDAR Remote Sensing ....................................................................................... 8 1.2. Height Measurement Techniques ....................................................................... 12 1.3. Statistical Methods for Inventory Modeling ...................................................... 14 1.4. Goals and objectives........................................................................................... 15 2. Methods ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.1. Approach ............................................................................................................ 17 2.2. Height Measurements ......................................................................................... 18 2.3. Study Area .......................................................................................................... 18 2.4. Field Data ........................................................................................................... 21 2.5. Remote Sensing Data ......................................................................................... 26 2.5.1. LiDAR Trajectory Processing..................................................................... 26 2.5.2. LiDAR Measurement Stages ...................................................................... 31 2.6. Responses and responses estimations ................................................................ 34 2.6.1. Creating Tree Crown Footprints ................................................................. 34 2.6.2. Estimating Volume & Increment ................................................................ 35 2.6.3. The estimation of Biomass and Carbon Sequestration ............................... 36 2.7. Statistical Process ............................................................................................... 37 3. Results ....................................................................................................................... 38 4. Discussion .................................................................................................................. 54 5. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 57 6. References ................................................................................................................. 59 Appendix A ....................................................................................................................... 70 Appendix B ....................................................................................................................... 73 Appendix C ....................................................................................................................... 79 i 1. Estimated Volume and Biomass by Using Ground Measured Data ...................... 79 2. Estimated Volume and Biomass by Using Predicted DBH Derived from LiDAR Variables........................................................................................................................ 85 2.1. Testing 2017 Equation .................................................................................... 85 2.2. Testing 2011 Equation .................................................................................... 91 2.3. 6-year time period growth amount ................................................................. 97 Appendix D ..................................................................................................................... 101 ii List of Figures Figure 1. 3-Dimension description image for pitch, roll, and row. Image source: ............. 9 Figure 2. Portrayal of the tangent and sine methods of measuring the height of a vertical ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 3. Michigan Upper Peninsula LiDAR Data Collection Area ................................ 19 Figure 7. Ground height measurement in spring 2018. Trees are climbed then height to ground measured with tape and height to top measured by pole, from that point. ........... 24 Figure 8. Tree Species' Distribution on Study Area ......................................................... 25 Figure 4. LiDAR data acquisition path on study area in 2011.......................................... 27 Figure 5. LiDAR data acquisition path on study area in 2017, Image courtesy of Quantum Spatial, Inc. ....................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 6. Comparing coordinate systems between Fusion and ArcMap software to make sure about measuring the same tree with field measurements. ......................................... 34 Figure 9. Regression diagnostics for the 2017 DBH estimation model tested on 2017 data. ........................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 10. Distribution of DBH prediction error based on tree height for 2017 equation tested on 2017. .................................................................................................................. 40 Figure 11. Distribution of DBH prediction error based on predicted DBH for 2017 equation tested on 2017. ................................................................................................... 40 Figure 13. Distribution of DBH prediction error based on tree height for 2017 equation tested on 2011. .................................................................................................................. 41 Figure 14. Distribution of DBH prediction error based on predicted DBH for 2017 equation tested on 2011. ................................................................................................... 42 Figure 15. Regression diagnostics for the 2011 DBH estimation model tested on 2011 data. ................................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 16. Distribution of DBH prediction error based on tree height for 2011 equation tested on 2011. .................................................................................................................. 44 Figure 17. Distribution of DBH prediction error based on predicted DBH for 2011 equation tested on 2011. ................................................................................................... 44 Figure 19. Distribution of DBH prediction error based on tree height for 2011 equation tested on 2017. .................................................................................................................. 45 Figure 20. Distribution of DBH prediction error based on predicted DBH for 2011 equation tested on 2017. ................................................................................................... 46 The only copyright needed material is in Figure 21. LiDAR data acquisition path on study area in 2017, Image courtesy of Quantum Spatial, Inc. and the screen capture of the email that illustrates I have permission to use
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