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Inter Agency Early Recovery Needs Assessment (IAERNA)

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Inter Agency Early Recovery Needs Assessment (IAERNA) Inter Agency Early Recovery Needs Assessment (IAERNA) UNDP is the UN's global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. We are on the ground in 166 countries, working with them on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and ourwiderangeofpartners. Copyright © 2013 United Nations Development ProgrammePakistan Material in this publication may be freely quoted orreprinted,butacknowledgementisrequested. Map: Community Appraisal Motivation Programme (CAMP) Thispublicationisavailablefrom: UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme, 4th Floor SerenaBusinessComplex Islamabad, Pakistan http://www.undp.org.pk The Interagency Early Recovery Needs Assessment Conducted by Community Appraisal and Motivation Programme (CAMP) in coordination with and inputs from the FATA Early Recovery Working Group Contents I. List of Acronyms 4 II. Acknowledgements 6 III. Executive Summary 7 Background of the Crisis 14 Interagency Early Recovery Needs Assessment 15 IV. UNDP - ERWG: IAERNA Survey Methodology 17 Strategy for Survey 17 Management Plan 17 Research Tools 17 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Methodology 19 Key Informants Interviews (KII) Methodology 20 Field Survey/Data collection 20 V. An Introduction to FATA: Bajaur, Mohmand, Orakzai and South Waziristan 21 VI. The Preliminary Early Recovery Needs Assessment 24 VII. Sectoral Findings from the Assessment 26 VIII. Early recovery recommendations in FATA 70 “Early recovery is a multidimensional process that begins in a humanitarian setting. It is guided by development principles that seek to build on humanitarian programmes and catalyze sustainable development opportunities. It aims to generate self-sustaining, nationally owned, resilient processes for post crisis recovery. Early recovery programming encompasses the restoration of basic services, livelihoods, shelter, governance, security and rule of law, environment and social dimensions”.1 1Guidance note on Early Recovery, CWGER, Geneva, April 2008 Acronyms APA AssistantPoliticalAgent ADB AsianDevelopmentBank CAMP CommunityAppraisal&MotivationProgramme CNIC ComputerizedNationalIdentityCards DCO DistrictCoordinationOfficer DDMA DistrictDisasterManagementAuthorities DEWS DiseaseEarlyWarningSystem DLA DetailedLivelihoodAssessment DNA DamagesNeedsAssessment DoH DepartmentofHealth DRR DisasterRiskReduction ER EarlyRecovery ERWG EarlyRecoveryWorkingGroup FAO FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations FATA FederallyAdministeredTribalAreas FCR FrontierCrimesRegulation FDMA FATADisasterManagementAuthority FGDs FocusGroupDiscussions GoKP GovernmentofKhyberPakhtunkhwa HH Household IAERNA InteragencyEarlyRecoveryNeedsAssessment ILO InternationalLabourOrganization IMF InternationalMonetaryFund IVAP IDPVulnerabilityAssessmentProfiling KII KeyInformantsInterview LHWs LadyHealthWorkers MNCH Maternal,NewbornandChildHealth MoH MinistryofHealth MOSS MinimumOperatingSecurityStandards MoSW MinistryofSocialWelfare NDMA NationalDisasterManagementAuthority NFIs Non-FoodItems NGO Non-GovernmentalOrganization OCHA OfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs PA PoliticalAgent PaRRSA ProvincialRelief,RehabilitationandSettlementAuthority PCNA PostConflictNeedsAssessment PDMA ProvincialDisasterManagementAuthority PHC PrimaryHealthCare RAHA RefugeeAffectedandHostingAreasProgramme SAFRON StatesandFrontierRegions SGBV SexualandGender-BasedViolence SPHERE HumanitarianCharterandMinimumStandardsinHumanitarianResponse SRH SexualandReproductiveHealth TBA TraditionalBirthAttendant TWG TechnicalWorkingGroup 4 Interagency Early Recovery Needs Assessment UN UnitedNations UNAIDS UnitedNationsJointProgrammeonHIV/AIDS UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme UNDSS UnitedNationsDepartmentofSafetyandSecurity UNESCO UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization UNFPA UnitedNationsPopulationFund UN-HABITAT UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgramme UNHCR UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees UNICEF UnitedNationsChildren'sFund UNWOMEN UnitedNationsEntityforGenderEqualityandWomen'sEmpowerment WASH Water,SanitationandHygiene WB WorldBank WFP UnitedNationsWorldFoodProgramme WHO WorldHealthOrganization 5 Acknowledgements After the conflict and militancy crisis that hit the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), the Government of Pakistan, the FATA Secretariat and UN agencies felt the need for an accurate and reliable detailed needs assessment to understand the damages to the lives and properties of the people of FATA. In its continuation, UNDP, FATA Disaster Management Authority (FDMA) and 12 UN agencies decided to conduct a joint Interagency Early Recovery Needs Assessment (IAERNA) for the reintegration of IDPs to FATA, and to evaluate the damages that occurred during the disasters. UNDP and FDMA shared the IAERNA work plan with all stakeholders. A detailed field survey was conducted withinaveryshorttimeandunderhighsecurityrisksinFATA. IAERNA involves the ownership and endorsement by the Government of Pakistan, FATA Secretariat, and many partners including NGOs that are part of the FATA Early Recovery Working Group. Its findings provide the baseline data on damages and facilitate the process of preparing budgets and projects that are based on realities on the ground and submitted by 8UN sectors under the Early Recovery Working Group. FDMA emphasized that during this complex emergency situation, it is crucial to simultaneously tackle early recovery, while at the same time respond to the urgent relief needsofthepeopleofFATA. We acknowledge the assistance and concerted efforts of many stakeholders involved in the finalization of IAERNA report and hope that it will be of great help to the actors of Early Recovery interventionsinFATA. ArshadKhan DirectorGeneral FATADisasterManagementAuthority 6 Executive Summary The Inter Agency Early Recovery Needs Assessment (IAERNA) – in agreement with UNDP, other UN agencies, FDMA and government partners – focuses on early recovery needs in four most crisis affected Agencies within the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA); namely Mohmand, Bajaur, Orakzai and SouthWaziristan.The Assessment is proposed to allow the identification of an integrated UN early recovery programme encompassing the following sectors: Agriculture, Food Security, Health, Nutrition, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Education, Community Restoration and Protection with strong emphasis on cross cutting issues such as Gender, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Environment and Communication. It will pay special emphasis on the vulnerable community groups including women, men, girls and boys, as wellaselders,sects,clansandpersonswithdisabilities. The IAERNA is intended to serve as a post-conflict tool to assess the social and economic conditions; early recovery needs patterns and local capacities that will steer the conflict related response in FATA. This assessment will be later packaged as a framework bringing together different sectoral assessments to produceacomprehensiveanalysisofearlyrecoveryneedsinFATA. Although the IAERNA focused on four affected agencies of FATA only, and had clear geographic limitations, it complements the Post Conflict Needs Assessment (PCNA). Moreover, due to the limited time and methodology,thereportshouldbetakenasaninitialassessmentthatprovidesbaselineinformationwhich mayleadtofurtherin-depthresearchandanalysisondifferentthematicareas. A structured questionnaire was developed jointly by thirteen UN agencies and the final version was shared with CAMP for administering in the field. The tool was translated into Urdu for the field enumerators. The questionnaire sought information on household composition, resources, income, education, health, socio cultural issues etc. One questionnaire was carried out with each household, particularly with the head of household.Asamplesizeof1344householdswasselectedforinterviews. 24 Key Informants Interviews (KIIs) and thirteen Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were other tools used in theassessment. It was ensured that the data correctly recorded the event it represented and data gathered from the field was accurate. Trained enumerators and data entry operators were appointed for this purpose and were thoroughly trained on questionnaires, interviewing techniques and data entry. The enumerators for each Agency remained involved throughout the data collection process in the same Agency in order to make thedatamoreaccurate. One of the few areas that have not been touched by the military operation and strife in theTribal Region is that of the availability of water. Historically, a lack of government development efforts has translated into a dependence on informal or traditional measures of water collection and dispensation such as community wells, streams and canals rather than a modern physical network of pipelines, aqueducts or reservoirs. Since the traditional methods are generally sturdier and less prone to physical damage than modern ones – they have, largely, escaped the ravages of war. This opinion is supported by, both, household survey responsesandfocusgroupdiscussionswithresidentsofFATA. By and large, we find that the agricultural sector (which serves as primary source of income for about 40% of the population, almost half the respondents) was not just affected by the military operation in a negative fashion but is also actively perceived to have been detrimental by the majority of those interviewed. This can be gauged from
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