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CENTRO DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Tesis CENTRO DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Tesis Evaluación de la compatibilidad y eficiencia de injertos entre algunas especies silvestres y domesticadas de chile (Capsicum spp.) y papa (Solanum spp.) Presenta BIÓL. ARACELI GUADALUPE MENDIETA VÁZQUEZ Para obtener el grado de MAESTRA EN CIENCIAS AGRONÓMICAS Tutor DR. JOSÉ DE JESÚS LUNA RUIZ Comité Tutoral M. EN C. JESÚS MARTIN FUANTOS MENDOZA DRA. MARÍA CONSOLACIÓN MARTÍNEZ SALDAÑA DRA. MARÍA ELENA SIQUEIROS DELGADO Aguascalientes, Ags., Junio de 2017 AGRADECIMIENTOS A la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes por brindarme la oportunidad de realizar mis estudios de maestría y por su apoyo brindado en el uso de sus instalaciones y equipo. A El Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt) por otorgarme la beca con el número 573199 para que pudiera realizar el posgrado. Al Dr. José de Jesús Luna Ruiz por confiar en mí y en el proyecto y aceptar ser mi Tutor y guía, por su paciencia y ayuda incondicional. De corazón, gracias por ayudarme a realizar este sueño. También por su comprensión cuando se me presentaron dificultades externas a la maestría, gracias por su apoyo. Al M. en C. Jesús Martin Fuantos Mendoza por enseñarme la base de esta investigación que es el “arte” de injertar, por su positivismo, ayuda, paciencia, tiempo y confianza que me brindó. Por adentrarme en el ámbito agronómico. A la Dra. Ma. Consolación Martínez Saldaña por aceptar ser parte de este trabajo a pesar de las circunstancias, por su disposición a ayudarme, por brindarme su apoyo y conocimientos, su confianza y también por su ayuda personal en momentos difíciles, gracias por sus palabras y afecto. A la Dra. Ma. Elena Siqueiros Delgado por ayudarme a entender y reconocer lo que los ojos a simple vista no pueden ver en las plantas. También por la confianza y respeto que siempre me brindó, por su apoyo en la investigación y también en la vida personal. Al M. en C. Otilio Vázquez Martínez por su apoyo al hacer uso de los laboratorios de Fisiologia Vegetal y Cultivo de Tejidos de la UAA. A la Dra. Rosa Cerros Tlatilpa por aceptar ayudarme y llevarme de la mano en el proceso histológico, por sus conocimientos brindados y corregirme, por el tiempo y la disposición que se me brindó durante mi estancia en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos y fuera de ella. También por su comprensión y apoyo personal. A CEPROCH y a el Ingeniero Martín Díaz por aceptar ayudarme en la producción de las plántulas en sus instalaciones y por atenderme en cada una de las dudas que se me presentaron. Al Dr. Javier Ventura Juárez por el curso brindado de Morfometría y Microscopía, por su incondicional apoyo, por ayudarme en horas extras, por no dejarme sola y por repetirme las cosas con tanta paciencia que se le caracteriza. Gracias por su cariño. A la LAQB Sonia Sofía Cruz Muñoz por enseñarme las técnicas histológicas y el manejo del equipo, por su paciencia y gran ayuda, por su dedicación y tiempo invertido en resolver mis dudas, por la confianza depositada y por su invaluable amistad. Al M. en C. Alejandro Torres González por que antes de ser mi amigo, fue mi maestro. Por enseñarme, ayudarme y aconsejarme, por levantarme y volverme a la realidad en momentos de desesperación, por la comprensión y por su ayuda profesional y personal en momentos difíciles. Gracias por las experiencias y aprendizajes. Al Dr. Antonio de Jesús Meraz Jiménez, por su preocupación en mi desarrollo profesional, por sus consejos personales y profesionales y por la confianza depositada, por su disposición a ayudarme y por siempre sacarme sonrisas. A mi primo el Ingeniero Cesar Puerta Jiménez, por ayudarme en mis dudas y en los análisis estadísticos, por su paciencia y tiempo invertido. A mi hermano Juan Jesús Mendieta Vázquez, por ayudarme y brindarme su apoyo en las visitas a CEPROCH, por sacarme de apuros con su buen ingenio, por su interés en mi proyecto, por ser mi mano derecha. Mil Gracias hermano. Al Dr. Salvador Acevedo por motivarme a crecer profesionalmente, por ayudarme a tomar la decisión de hacer la maestría. A mis compañeros y amigos de la maestría, por todas las experiencias compartidas, porque de cada uno de ellos aprendí cosas diferentes tanto profesional como personalmente, por su gran apoyo e interés en ayudarme. Esta etapa de mi vida fue grandiosa y gran parte de eso se la debo a ustedes. A todos, mil gracias, porque sin ustedes, todo esto no hubiera sido posible. DEDICATORIAS A mis padres, por su amor, dedicación, entrega, paciencia y apoyo a lo largo de toda mi vida. Su esfuerzo, sacrificio y dedicación está dando frutos en nosotros sus hijos. Esto es para ustedes. Con especial dedicatoria para mi padre Humberto David Mendieta Torres, quien es el principal motor en mi vida y el que impulsó este trabajo al darme la idea, quien es mi razón para seguir adelante, quien siempre ha sido el primero en confiar y apoyarme en lo profesional desde que elegí mi carrera, a él quien es el más grande regalo que Dios pudo darme. Esto es para ti papá. A mi madre Adela Vázquez, porque al igual que mi padre, es mi motor para salir adelante en la vida, porque si no hubiera sido por ella yo no sería la persona que soy ahora. Por sus constantes desvelos, por los regaños que me hicieron tanto bien, por su constante sacrificio, por enseñarme el amor a Dios y ser agradecida con ÉL. A mis hermanos, Alejandra Adela, Juan Jesús y Humberto David, porque ellos junto con mis padres formamos una unión inquebrantable. Por su amor tan cálido y transparente, por siempre sacarme risas, por preocuparse por mí, por estar conmigo en las buenas y en las malas, por compartir conmigo esta experiencia tan bonita de mi vida, sin ustedes no lo hubiera logrado. Gracias por enseñarme a vivir de tres maneras distintas. Los adoro. A mi abuela Catalina Vázquez Reyes, porque para mí es como una segunda madre, por su amor tan sacrificado, porque para mí es un ejemplo a seguir de fortaleza, gracias abue por cuidarme tanto. Al hombre que más paciencia me tiene y que aceptó acompañarme en este gran sueño de mi vida Abdel Ruvalcaba Ramírez, por su amor, ayuda y consejos, por preocuparse por mí, por alentarme en cumplir mis metas, por darme ánimos en los momentos difíciles y por nunca dejarme sola. Gracias por tu calidez y por confiar en que lo lograría. A todos ustedes, los amo con todo mi corazón. Y muy especialmente y sobre todo a DIOS quien me dio la oportunidad de cumplir uno más de mis sueños, por las sorpresas que me ha regalado, por la familia que me dio, por la gente que ha puesto en mi camino y por todas las satisfacciones que se han tenido a lo largo de mi vida. INDICE GENERAL Contenido INDICE GENERAL .............................................................................................................................. 1 INDICE DE TABLAS ........................................................................................................................... 4 INDICE DE FIGURAS ......................................................................................................................... 6 ACRÓNIMOS ...................................................................................................................................... 9 RESUMEN GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 15 I. MARCO TEORICO .................................................................................................................... 17 1.1 GENERALIDADES DE LA FAMILIA SOLANACEAE .............................................................. 17 1.1.1 El Género Solanum ....................................................................................................... 18 1.1.2 El Género Capsicum ..................................................................................................... 28 1.2 TÉCNICAS DE PROPAGACIÓN EN PLANTAS ............................................................... 36 1.2.1 Propagación sexual ....................................................................................................... 36 1.2.2 Propagación asexual ..................................................................................................... 37 1.3 FENOLOGÍA ............................................................................................................................ 48 1.3.1 Fenología de Solanum tuberosos y Capsicum ................................................................. 49 1.4 ANATOMIA VEGETAL ............................................................................................................ 53 1.4.1 Los Meristemos ................................................................................................................. 53 1.4.2 Tejido Dérmico .................................................................................................................. 54 1.4.3 Tejido fundamental ........................................................................................................... 55 1.4.4 Tejido vascular .................................................................................................................. 58 1.4.5 El tallo ..............................................................................................................................
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