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The University of Sydney THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Copyright and use of this thesis This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author -subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Copyright Service. sydney.edu.au/copyright A Comparative Study of West Slope Pottery Productions in the Hellenistic World Elizabeth A. Bollen Volume 1.2 Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Sydney 2004 Contents Volume 1.1 Acknowledgements ........ ix Abstract ......... xi Ch. 1 An Introduction to West Slope Pottery .... 1 1.1 Historical Setting ....... 1 1.2 Definition of West Slope Pottery. .... 4 1.2.1 The name ...... 4 1.2.2 The technique ...... 5 1.2.3 Origin of West Slope pottery . 7 1.2.4 Attribution . 13 1.2.5 Iconography . 14 1.2.6 Non-painted decorative techniques . 15 a. Stamping . 15 b. Rouletting . 15 c. Mould-made techniques . 16 d. Ribbing . 17 e. Grooves and reserved bands . 18 1.2.7 Eastern Sigillata . 18 1.3 Functional Setting ...... 20 1.3.1 The function of West Slope vessels . 20 1.3.2 The relationship with non-ceramic vessels . 22 1.4 Geographical Setting ...... 27 1.5 Chronological Setting ...... 29 1.6 Structure of Thesis ...... 32 Table 1: Map reference . 35 Table 2: Prefix code for catalogue . 36 1.7 Introduction to the Methods of Research . 37 Ch. 2 History of Research and Chronology .... 46 ■ 2.x. 1 History of Research ■ 2.X.2 Chronology Section One: City Productions 2.1 Athens ........ 46 2.2 Corinth ........ 48 2.3 Eretria . 51 2.4 Knossos ........ 53 2.5 Rhodes ........ 55 2.6 Ephesos ........ 57 i 2.7 Pergamon . 59 Section Two: Regional Productions 2.8 Northern Greece ....... 62 2.9 Epiros/Illyria ....... 65 2.10 Central Greece ....... 67 2.11 Ionian Islands ....... 70 2.12 Peloponnese ....... 71 2.13 Aegean Islands ....... 73 2.14 Crete ........ 76 2.15 Asia Minor Various ...... 77 2.16 Near East ....... 80 2.17 C y p ru s.....................................................................................84 2.18 Egypt ........ 86 2.19 Africa ........ 88 2.20 Black Sea Coast ....... 89 Ch. 3 M otifs................................................................................................. 91 3.1 Natural Motifs ....... 91 3.1.1 I v y .........................................................................91 3.1.2 Elongated leaves ..... 92 3.1.3 Grapevine ...... 93 3.1.4 Palmette chain. ..... 94 3.1.5 Flower chain ...... 95 3.1.6 Volute garland. ..... 95 3.1.7 Wavy dot garland ..... 96 3.1.8 Scrolling tendrils ..... 97 3.1.9 Circular wreath ..... 97 3.1.10 Single standing branch .... 99 3.1.11 Palmette ...... 100 3.1.12 Star flower ...... 102 3.1.13 Lotus bud . 104 3.1.14 Grapes ...... 105 3.1.15 Wheat.....................................................................................106 3.1.16 Single leaves ...... 107 3.1.17 Single standing flower . 107 3.1.18 T e n d r i l .........................................................................108 3.1.19 Volute.....................................................................................108 3.1.20 S e e d p o d .........................................................................109 3.1.21 D o l p h i n .........................................................................109 3.1.22 B i r d .....................................................................................110 3.1.23 Animal . 113 3.1.24 Human figure . 115 3.2 Manmade motifs . 116 3.2.1 Spearhead necklace . 116 li 3.2.2 Charm necklace . 118 3.2.3 Dot necklace . 119 3.2.4 Ribbon and bow . 120 3.2.5 Woollen fillet ...... 122 3.2.6 Boukranion . 123 3.2.7 Cornucopia . 124 3.2.8 Thymiaterion . 125 3.2.9 Torch ....... 125 3.2.10 Tripod ....... 126 3.2.11 Vessel ....... 127 3.2.12 Musical instrument . 128 3.2.13 lynx . 129 3.2.14 Isis crown . 129 3.2.15 Isis knot . 130 3.2.16 Vertical scroll . ..... 130 3.3 Geometric motifs . 131 3.3.1 Concentric rectangles . 131 3.3.2 Checkerboard . 133 3.3.3 Lattice. 134 3.3.4 Meander ...... 136 3.3.5 Net-pattern . 137 3.3.6 Imbricate leaves ..... 138 3.3.7 S c a l l o p s .........................................................................138 3.3.8 Bead and reel ...... 139 3.3.9 Egg and dart ...... 141 3.3.10 Wave pattern ...... 142 3.3.11 C ross.........................................................................144 3.3.12 Elaborate cross ..... 144 3.3.13 Quartered rectangle . 145 3.3.14 Quartered circle . 146 3.3.15 Thunderbolt.........................................................................147 3.3.16 Teardrops ...... 147 3.3.17 Chevrons ...... 148 3.3.18 R a y s .....................................................................................149 3.3.19 Strokes ...... 150 3.3.20 Bands.....................................................................................151 3.3.21 Pseudo ribbing . 152 3.3.22 Dot rosette ...... 152 3.3.23 Dot rectangle . 154 3.3.24 Dot triangle . 154 3.3.25 Wavy line ...... 155 3.3.26 Zigzag. 155 3.3.27 Row of dots ...... 156 3.3.28 Inscription . 159 m Chs. 4- 6 Shapes Function of vessels o Shape o a-e. ■ City production ■ Regional production ■ Imports ■ Various ■ Summary Ch. 4 Drinking vessels 162 4.1 Classical Drinking Vessels . 164 4.1.1 Classical kantharos, plain rim . 164 4.1.2 Classical kantharos, moulded rim . 173 4.1.3 Cup kantharos, plain rim . 178 4.1.4 Cup kantharos, tall stem . 183 4.1.5 Classical kantharos, strap handles, turned foot . 185 4.1.6 Classical kantharos, thorn. 190 4.1.7 Calyx cup ...... 196 4.1.8 Cup kantharos, bowl-shaped, Classical . 199 4.1.9 Cup kantharos, bowl-shaped, Hellenistic (and related) 202 4.1.10 Skyphos, Corinthian ..... 208 4.1.11 Beaker................................................................................... 210 4.1.12 Boisai................................................................................... 212 4.2 Hellenistic Kantharoi . 215 4.2.1 Hellenistic kantharos, straight-walled . 216 4.2.2 Hellenistic kantharos, one-piece . 219 4.2.3 Hellenistic kantharos, baggy .... 226 4.2.4 Hellenistic kantharos, angular. 231 4.2.5 Hellenistic kantharos, S-swung . 240 4.2.6 Hellenistic kantharos, cyma .... 247 4.2.7 Hellenistic kantharos, low foot, plain rim . 252 4.2.8 Hellenistic kantharos, low foot, moulded rim . 256 4.2.9 Hellenistic kantharos, various. 259 4.2.10 Kantharos, fragments ..... 264 4.3 Hemispherical Bowls ...... 265 4.3.1 Bolster cup ...... 266 4.3.2 Hemispherical bowl, mould-made feet . 268 4.3.3 Hemispherical bowl, conical profile . 273 4.3.4 Hemispherical bowl, out-turned rim . 287 4.3.5 Hemispherical bowl, mould-made (and imitations) . 290 4.3.6 Hemispherical bowl, moulded medallion . 293 4.3.7 Hemispherical bowl, footed .... 297 4.3.8 Hemispherical bowl, net-pattern . 300 IV 4.3.9 Hemispherical bowl, exterior decoration, strap handles 304 4.3.10 Hemispherical bowl, exterior decoration, fragments . 309 4.4 Second Century Drinking Vessels .... 316 4.4.1 Skyphos, Pergamene variation A . 316 4.4.2 Skyphos, Pergamene variation B . 319 4.4.3 Skyphos, Pergamene variation C . 321 4.4.4 Skyphos, Pergamene (variations and fragments) . 323 4.4.5 Knidian cup, imitation and related . 324 4.4.6 Pergamene cup ..... 327 Ch. 5 Serving Vessels ....... 329 5.1 Food Service . 331 5.1.1 Spool salt cellar . 331 5.1.2 Plates.....................................................................................333 5.2 Kraters ........ 351 5.2.1 Krater, bell ...... 352 5.2.2 Krater, calyx ...... 355 5.2.3 Krater, bolster ...... 357 5.2.4 Krater, lug-handled . 361 5.2.5 Krater, concave neck . 366 5.2.6 Krater, lekane . 371 5.2.7 Krater, various. ..... 373 5.3 Amphorae and Pouring Vessels ..... 378 5.3.1 Amphora ...... 379 5.3.2 Chous ....... 398 5.3.3 West Slope oinochoe ..... 401 5.3.4 Oinochoe, thin neck ..... 407 5.3.5 Situla.....................................................................................411 5.3.6 Guttus ....... 413 5.3.7 Lagynos (and related) ..... 420 5.3.8 Double cruet ...... 425 5.3.9 Pouring vessels, other. .... 430 Ch. 6 Toiletry Vessels ....... 434 6.1 Pyxis ........ 435 6.1.1 Pyxis type A (and related) .... 436 6.1.2 Pyxis type B ...... 439 6.1.3 Pyxis type C related ..... 456 6.2 Lidded lekanis ...... 458 6.2.1 Reversible lid ...... 458 6.2.2 Lekanis ...... 466 6.3 Lebes Gamikos ...... 468 6.4 Unguentarium. 472 v Volume 1.2 Ch. 7 Characteristics of City Productions . 477 o 7.x City a. Fabric b. Glaze o 7.x. 1 West Slope shapes o 7.X.2 West Slope motifs o 7.x.3 Influence/influences 7.1 Athens ....... 477 7.2 Corinth ....... 484 7.3 Eretria.. 489 7.4 Knossos ....... 493 7.5 Rhodes ....... 498 7.6 Ephesos ....... 503 7.7 Pergamon ....... 508 Ch. 8 Characteristics of Regional Productions 514 o 8.x Region o 8.x. 1 Cohesion of region o 8.x.2 Productions in region o 8.x.3 Influence/influences 8.1 Northern Greece ...... 514 8.2 Epiros/Illyria . 519 8.3 Central Greece ...... 523 8.4 Ionian Islands ......
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