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The Valid Species and Distribution of Stingrays (Myliobatiformes

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The Valid Species and Distribution of Stingrays (Myliobatiformes BIOVALENTIA : BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL e-ISSN: 2477-1392 Vol. 4 No. 1, May 2018 The valid Species and Distribution of Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in South Sumatran waters, Indonesia Muhammad Iqbal, 1 Indra Yustian 2 Hilda Zulkifli, 2* 1 Departement Conservation Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Sriwijaya University, Jalan Padang Selasa 524, Palembang, Sumatera Se- latan 30139, Indonesia. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University. Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih km 32, Indralaya, Indonesia. *Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Hilda, Z). Peer review under responsibility of Biology Department Sriwijaya University Abstract A recent study to providing valid checklist of stingrays species in South Sumatran waters provide 14 species: Brevitrygon heterura, Fluvitrygon kittipongi, Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha, Fluvitrygon signifier, Fluvitrygon sp ‘musi’ 1, Fluvitrygon sp ‘musi’ 2, Himantura undulata, Himantura uarnak, Maculabatis gerrardi, Pateobatis fai, Pateobatis uarnacoides, Pastinachus ater, Telatrygon biasa and Urogymnus polylepis. Distributional patterns of stingrays in South Sumatran waters are depend on species or (at least) genus level. Stingrays in South Sumatran waters are recorded from of up to more 100 km inland to the coastal zone area. Following IUCN Red List status, 10 species of stingrays are threatened with status Endangered, Vulnerable and Data Deficient; suggest the South Suma- tran waters are important habitat for stingrays in Indonesia Keywords: Validity, Species checklist, Distribution, Dasyatidae, South Sumatra Received: 21 February 2018, Accepted: 28 May 2018 denticle band; no dorsal or caudal fins; 1-4 prominent cau- 1. Introduction dal stings, positioned on tail well posterior to pelvic fins; Indonesia has 4.743 species of fishes, making one skin folds variably developed on the ventral and sometimes the greatest diversity of fish fauna in the world (Froese & dorsal midline of tail; dorsal surface plain to strongly pat- Pauly 2018). Many iconic group of fishes known collec- terned, usually darker than ventral surface (Last & Com- tively as the ‘ray’ (Myliobatiformes) occur in Southeast pagno 1999, Last et al. 2016a, Last et al . 2016b, Nelson Asia, particuarly in Indonesian waters (Compagno & 2006) . Roberts 1982, Last et al. 2016b, Kottelat 2013). One of Recent phylogenetic studies, supported by morpho- ‘ray’ is stingrays (family Dasyatidae), groups of small to logical data, have provided evidence that the Dasyatidae is very large myliobatiform fishes (adults from 22 cm to 260 monophyletic and consists of four major subgroups, the cm disc wide) and distinguished by the following combi- subfamilies Dasyatinae, Neotrygoninae, Urogymninae and nation of characters: body variably depressed with a well- Hypolophinae; and a morphologically based review of 89 formed oval, circular or rhombic disc that fully incorpo- currently recognised species (Last et al., 2016b). Stingrays rates head; snout angular to obtuse and sometimes very are highly adapted and successful fishes that occur in ma- elongate; nasal curtain well developed, skirt-shaped, rec- rine, estuarine and freshwater habitat in temperate and tangular or bilobed; five gill slits; oral papillae usually tropical areas worldwide (Last & Compagno, 1999). In present on floor of mouth; tail moderately stout to slender- Indonesia, there are 40 valid species of stingrays that occur based and more or less elongated (sometimes very elon- in main seven faunal regions (Windusari & Iqbal 2018). gate and whip-like); dorsal surface variably covered with South Sumatra province is the largest province in dermal denticles, thorns and/or tubercles, smooth to very Sumatra where located in the southeastern portion of the spiny and often with a median thorn row and/or a median island (Whitten et al. 2000). The study of fish diversity had Iqbal et al, 2018 | Abstract 1 been reported accross the South Sumatran waters (Utomo heterura [Data Banyuasin 104°41'40'' E et al. 2007, Husnah et al. 2008), but the study focus on Deficient] stingrays were very limited (Iqbal & Yustian 2016, Iqbal Jentolo River, 02°3'1.90''S, This study et al. 2017, Iqbal et al. 2018 ). To facilitate on stingrays Banyuasin 104°53'04''E information in South Sumatran waters, a comprehensive Barong River, 02°13'10.''S, This study study is required. This paper provide first review on all Banyuasin 104°53'15''E 2 Fluvitrygon Musi Dua market, 03°01'00''S, This study valid species and distributional records of stingrays in kittipongi Palembang 104°43'15''E South Sumatran waters. [Endangered] Musi River, Pa- 03°01'07''S, This study lembang 104°41'50''E 2. Materials and Method 3 Fluvitrygon Upang, Banyuasin 02°38'38''S, Iqbal et al., oxyrhyncha 104°56'12'' E 2017b [Endangered] Records of stingrays in South Sumatran waters 4 Fluvitrygon Tanjung Lago, 02°41'04"S, Iqbal et al., were obtained from local social media (mainly Face- signifier Banyuasin 104°45'58"E 2018 [Endangered] book group of local anglers in South Sumatra province) Pengage, Banyua- 02°45'43"S, Iqbal et al., and internet supported with photographs or other evi- sin 103°24'58"E 2018 dence (e. g. location, habitat type, morphology and de- Lawang Kidul, 02°58'50"S, Iqbal et al., Palembang 104°46'39"E 2018 scription from anglers); provide an extension to the Tiga Belas Ulu, 03°28'59"S, Iqbal et al., known distribution of this species and from un- Palembang 103°47'43"E 2018 published data collected by first author. All specimens Jakabaring, Pa- 03°01'27"S, Iqbal et al., lembang 104°46'14"E 2018 recorded were mainly from Musi River drainage (the Gandus, Palem- 03°01'01"S, Iqbal et al., largest and major drainage in South Sumatra) and east bang 104°43'15"E 2018 coast of Banyuasin. All records included herein were Sedupi, Penukal 03°19'41''S, Iqbal et al., Abab Lematang 104°11'02''E 2018 verified; and unconfirmed or ambiguous records were Timur rejected. In addition, three field surveys were conducted Tanjug Raja, 03°20'20"S, Iqbal et al., Ogan Komering 104°46'41"E 2018 in April 2018. Ilir Gunung Megang, 03°28'59"S, Iqbal et al., 3. Results And Discussion Muara Enim 103°47'43"E 2018 Sungai Naik, 03°28'47"S, Iqbal et al., There are 14 species of stingrays considered valid Musi Rawas 103°17'52"E 2018 5 Fluvitrygon sp Near Ampera 02°59'24''S, Mancing occur in South Sumatran waters. The species checklist and ‘musi’ 1 bridge, Palembang 104°45'52''E Mania localities are presented in table 1. Taxonomy and scien- [-] Palembang tific name follow recent update revision of family Dasyat- Facebook Group idae by Last et al. (2016a) and Last et al. (2016b). Kertapati, Palem- 03°0'20''S, Mancing Eight genera of stingrays are recorded in South Su- bang 104°45'14''E Mania matran waters: Brevitrygon, Fluvitrygon, Himantura, Palembang Facebook Maculabatis, Pateobatis, Pastinachus, Telatrygon and Group Urogymnus. Five species of Fluvitrygon are recorded 6 Fluvitrygon sp Near Ampera 02°59'24''S, Mancing ‘musi’ 2 bridge, Palembang 104°45'52''E Mania (Fluvitrygon kittipongi, Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha, Fluvitry- [-] Palembang gon signifer, Fluvitrygon sp ‘musi’ 1 and Fluvitrygon sp Facebook ‘musi’ 2), consisting largest genus of family Dasyatidae Group Kertapati, Palem- 03°0'20''S, Mancing occur in the area. bang 104°45'14''E Mania Palembang Table 1. Annotated checklist, localities and IUCN (The Facebook Group International Union for Conservation of Nature) 7 Himantura Bungin River, 02°14'38.39''S Mancing Red List status of stingrays in South Sumatran wa- undulata Banyuasin , 04°51'30''E Mania ters, Indonesia. [Vulnerable] Palembang Facebook Group No Species Localities Coordinates Source 8 Himantura Tanjung Api-api, 02°20'90''S, Mancing [IUCN status] uarnak Banyuasin 104°50'50''E Mania 1 Brevitrygon Sembilang River, 01°59'53'' S, This study [Vulnerable] Palembang Iqbal et al, 2018 | 2. Materials and Method 2 Facebook species or (at least) genus level. Stingrays in South Suma- Group tran waters are recorded from of up to more 100 km inland 9 Maculabatis Sembilang River, 01°59'53'' S, This study gerrardi Banyuasin 104°41'40'' E to the coastal zone area (Figure 1-3). [Vulnerable] Brevitrygon heterura (Bleeker, 1852). Synonym: Lalan River, 02°26'55''S, Mancing Banyuasin 104°32'49'' E Mania Trygon heterurus Bleeker, 1852; Himantura heterurus Palembang (Bleeker, 1852). Distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malay- Facebook sia, Borneo, Sumatra and Java. This species recorded at Group 10 Pateobatis fai Sembilang River, 01°59'53'' S, This study three localities in South Sumatran waters (Table 1 and Fig- [Vulnerable] Banyuasin 104°41'40'' E ure 1). All records arein coastal zone area. Jentolo River, 02°3'10''S, This study Fluvitrygon kittipongi (Vidthayanon & Roberts, Banyuasin 104°53'00''E Bungin River, 02°14'38.39''S This study 2005). Synonym: Himantura kittipongi Vidthayanon & Banyuasin , 04°51'30''E 11 Pateobatis Sembilang River, 01°59'53'' S, This study Roberts, 2005 . Distribution: Thailand and Borneo. uarnacoides Banyuasin 104°41'40'' E [Vulnerable] Not yet reported in Sumatran or in South Sumatran 12 Pastinachus Lalan River, 02°26'55''S, Mancing waters. Two records of Fluvitrygon kittipongi in Musi Riv- ater Banyuasin 104°32'49'' E Mania [Least concern] Palembang er supported with photographics evidence suggest the first Facebook Group record for Sumatra (Table 1, Figure 1 and Figure 4c). Flu- 13 Telatrygon Sembilang River, 01°59'53'' S, This study biasa Banyuasin 104°41'40'' E vitrygon oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878). Synonym: Dasyba- [Least concern] tus krempfi Chabanaud, 1923; Himantura krempfi (Chaba- Jentolo River, 02°3'10''S, This study Banyuasin 104°53'00''E naud, 1923); Himantura oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878); Bungin River, 02°14'38.39''S This study Banyuasin , 04°51'30''E Himantura oxyrhynchus (Sauvage, 1878); Trygon oxyrhyn- 14 Urogymnus Bungin River, 02°15'12''S, Iqbal & polylepis Banyuasin 104°50'04''E Yustian chus Sauvage, 1878.
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