The MTA-SZTE Research Group for the Study of Religious Cul- ture, a research group supported by the Hungarian Academy of Scienses and att ached to the Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, University of Szeged began its activity on 1st July 2013. It sees itself as situated in the border zone of various disci- plines dealing with social, historical and cultural aspects of reli- gions, the churches, present-day culture and society. It focuses on ethnographical, anthropological, sociological, historical and spir- itual approaches to religious culture, also investigating the chang- Religion th st ing social background, especially in the 19 –21 centuries. SOCIETY RELIGION, CULTURE, The research group operates in a historically Christian (Roman Catholic and Protestant) social and cultural environment with a Culture strong interest in the Jewish and Muslim religious cultures. The multidisciplinarity, inter-religious and ecumenical perspective pro- vides a stimulating environment for the research, making a distinc- tive contribution to both the local and the international academic Society community. In cooperation with theological and religious studies, it strives to carry out its work with a sound historical basis in which theory and practice, empirical facts and their interpretation, histori- cality and normativity are closely intertwined. 4 4 RELIGION, CULTURE, SOCIETY RELIGION, CULTURE, SOCIETY Yearbook of the MTA-SZTE Research Group for the Study of Religious Culture Szeged, Hungary 4 RELIGION, CULTURE, SOCIETY 4 Yearbook of the MTA-SZTE Research Group for the Study of Religious Culture Edited by Gábor Barna and Orsolya Gyöngyössy MTA-SZTEMTA-SZTE RESEARCHRESEARCH GROUP GROUP FOR THE STUDY FOR OF RELIGIOUSTHE STUDY CULTURE OF RELIGIOUS CULTURE Szeged, 2017 Published with the support of the MTA-SZTE Research Group for the Study of Religious Culture and the Devotio Hungarorum Foundation (Szeged) International editorial board: Arne Bugge Amundsen (Oslo), Marion Bowman (Milton Keynes), Adam S. Ferziger (Ramat-Gan), Frank Korom (Boston), Leonard Norman Primiano (Radnor), Michael Prosser-Schell (Freiburg i.Br.), Vilmos Tánczos (Kolozsvár – Cluj-Napoca). Address of the editorial board: MTA-SZTE Research Group for the Study of Religious Culture Egyetem utca 2, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary ISSN 1416-7972 Printed in Hungary Innovariant Nyomdaipari Kft., Algyő General manager: György Drágán www.innovariant.hu https://www.facebook.com/Innovariant CONTENTS Foreword. Barna, Gábor . 7 Glässer, Norbert: “This Crown Came Down to us from Heaven, God Sent it to you Through us” Neolog Jewish Discourse Traditions on the Coronation of Charles IV ����������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Bányai, Viktória: „The Emperor’s Deliverance” – János Libényi’s Assassination Attempt on Franz Joseph’s Life Commemorated in Contemporary Hebrew Poems ����������������������������������������������������������������� 30 Arad, Lily: “For King of Jerusalem is your name”: Offerings to Franz Joseph from the Old Yishuv ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 Barna, Gábor: Reconciling National and Imperial Identity. Royal masses and commemorative masses in Kunszentmárton . 57 Frauhammer, Krisztina: Prayer in the Trenches. Prayer Books for Soldiers on the Hungarian Fronts in the First World War.. 88 Gyöngyössy, Orsolya: Bell Chimes and the Role of Bells in the Life of a Community and the Requisition of Bells for Military Purposes (1917–1918) . 105 Povedák, István: The Sacred Sled Hill. Analysis of a Neonationalist Vernacular Memorial Place. 126 Povedák, Kinga African and Afro-American Influences on Contemporary Christian Music . 151 5 Belhaj, Abdessamad – Speidl, Bianka The Good, the Junk and the Profitable: The New-halal Food in Budapest and London. 167 Terendi, Viktória 20th Century Landmark Ceremonies of a Hungarian Calvinist Community Reflected in Family Photos ������������������������������� 186 Glässerné Nagyillés, Anikó “Taking on a visit to the Lord Jesus...” Eucharistic Education of Children in the Heart Brigade . 201 Nagy, Réka Anna The Role of the Ecclesial Family in Religious Practice Today as Seen in Two Religious Communities in Hungary ��������������������������� 210 FOREWORD Once again the contents of our yearbook offer a selection of the results achieved in the past year by associates of the MTA-SZTE Research Group for the Study of Religious Culture. The three world religions: Christianity, Judaism and Islam continue to provide the frame. Within this the case studies interpret different phenomena and reflect different processes. Various approaches are taken: they are in part historical, in part anthropological, analytical or descriptive in nature. Four studies deal with monarchic rites in the last decades and years of the Hungarian monarchy, analysing representations of the ruler’s anniversaries. The coronation (1916) held in a time of war and according to Roman Catholic rites is presented on the basis of religious tradition and community memory in the Neolog Jewish interpretation, in which modern civil self-definition and the notion of religious equality are reflected. We can form a picture of the attitude of Jews in the Holy Land to the religious, Christian ruler and the different ways in which the Western and Eastern (Galician) Jews interpreted loyalty to the ruler and national identity. At the turn of the 19th to 20th century rites surrounding the ruler’s anniversaries appeared within a denominational and religious frame, sup- plementing or, in cases, substituting the secular rites of commemoration. God himself defends the continuity of the rule of the Habsburg house. These studies involved new sources in their analyses. They show the connection between dif- ferent world views, the ancient past and the eschatological vision of the future. The studies of prayer books for soldiers and the bells requisitioned for mili- tary purposes offer an interpretation of wartime events within a religious frame. The description of a neo-pagan sacred place throws light on the colourful religious scene in Hungary today. The analysis of the Afro-American influence on Christian Popular Music opens a wider perspective. We learn about the role played by halal in religion, food economy and Muslim identity, through the contemporary food practice of Muslims living in European cities and the rules applied. Our yearbook also includes studies by three doctoral students. It is instructive to see through private photos what religious events a Calvinist community or pri- vate individuals and families considered important to record in images and how they were represented. Another study shows the religious education given within the Heart Brigade, an association established for children in the 19th century within the frame of veneration of the Sacred Heart. This thorough religious education made effective use of symbols and aimed at the emotions in preparing children for a life as believing adults. The “spiritual family” representing a new religious move- ment occupies a special place among the charismatic movements operating within the frame of the Roman Catholic Church. The study presents two such forms: the Community of the Beatitudes and the Verbum Dei Missionary Fraternity and Missionary 7 Family. Their members, clergy and lay persons, men and women, married or single, strive to live their religion within strong community ties. The case studies in this volume clearly reflect the multifarious attitudes and methodological approaches brought to religious phenomena in the Szeged work- shop. Szeged, Christmas 2017. Gábor Barna editor Norbert Glässer* “THIS CROWN CAME DOWN TO US FROM HEAVEN, GOD SENT IT TO YOU THROUGH US” NEOLOG JEWISH DISCOURSE TRADITIONS ON THE CORONATION OF CHARLES IV “we Hungarian Jews feel with undying gratitude and proud self-assurance that this blessed land and the glorious ancient throne of our new king have brought for us the fruits of the harvest of the prophet Samuel: our rights and justice with our inclusion in the fraternal alliance of the great nation” Kiss, Arnold: “Színarany koronát tet- tél a fejére…” [You placed a crown of pure gold on his head...] Egyenlőség 6 January 1917. 4. Abstract: The last coronation in the Kingdom of Hungary took place in the social reality of the Great War. The event was documented with modern means, it was interpreted by numerous opinion-setting groups through the press and also recorded in works of art and easily reproduced popular souvenir objects. The life- worlds of the Monarchy experienced on a denominational basis fundamentally determined the experiences, possibilities for action, interpretations, discourse tra- dition and perspectives of their members. The study examines how the Jewish confession in Hungary adapted and interpreted a rite symbolizing statehood that was performed within the frames of the Roman Catholic confession, as part of the coronation mass. Although veneration of the crowned ruler had been present in Judaism, the succession to the throne in 1916 created a new situation for the Jews who had been raised to the rank of recognised denomination under the previ- ous ruler and who had become equal subjects of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Neolog rabbis presented the events of their time through religious tradition and * External associate, MTA-SZTE Research Group for the Study of Religious Culture, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem utca 2. Hungary. Email: [email protected] 9 Norbert Glässer community memory. Charles IV – like