Spatial and Ecological Assessment of The
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Environmental Issues Series no. 11 Spatial and Ecological Assessment of the TEN: Demonstration of Indicators and GIS Methods Progress Report of the DGVII-DGXI-Eurostat-EEA Working Group of the SEA of the TEN April 1998 Spatial and Ecological Assessment of the TEN NOTE The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission or other European Communities institutions. Neither the European Environ- ment Agency nor any person or company acting on the behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. This is a progress report of the DGVII-DGXI-Eurostat-EEA working group, prepared by the European Environment Agency. Main contributors to this report are: Chris Steenmans, EEA, Ivone Pereira Martins, EEA, Wim Devos, GIM Geographic Informa- tion Management, Ann Dom, DGXI, Johan Geert Koier, DGVII, Technical assistance map- ping: Klaas Scholte, University of Utrecht A great del of information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int) Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998 Cover and layout: Folkmann Design ISBN xxx © EEA, Copenhagen 1998 European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 DK-1050 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel. (+45) 33 36 71 00 Fax (+45) 33 36 71 99 E-mail: [email protected] Home page: http://www.eea.eu.int Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................. 7 2. Executive Summary ................................................................. 8 3. Context................................................................................... 10 3.1. Background .................................................................... 10 3.2. The Commission Work Programme on a SEA of the TEN ...................................................... 10 4. Methodology ......................................................................... 12 4.1. Purpose and Scope of a SEA of the TEN ...................... 12 4.2. Environmental Objectives and Targets .......................... 12 4.3. Impact Indicator Selection ............................................. 12 5. Data and Information Sources .............................................. 16 5.1. Major Data Sources and Limitations .............................. 16 5.1.1. Transport Infrastructure Data............................... 16 5.1.2. Environmental Data ............................................. 17 6. TEN alternatives .................................................................... 18 6.1. Selection of Alternatives................................................ 18 6.2. The TEN in Perspective ................................................. 21 7. Nature and Biodiversity ........................................................ 22 7.1. Main Objectives Concerning Nature and Biodiversity .. 22 7.2. Vicinity to Sites of Nature Conservation Interest .......... 22 7.2.1. Methodological Approach .................................. 23 7.2.2. The Results .......................................................... 24 7.3. Partitioning of Land ....................................................... 26 7.3.1. Methodological Approach .................................. 27 7.3.2. The Results .......................................................... 27 4 Spatial and Ecological Assessment of the TEN 8. Water Resources .................................................................... 29 8.1. Main Objectives Concerning the Protection of Water Resources................................ 29 8.2. Crossing of Surface Waters ........................................... 29 8.2.1. Methodological Approach .................................. 29 8.2.2. The Results .......................................................... 31 9. Noise ...................................................................................... 32 9.1. Main Objectives Concerning Noise ............................... 32 9.2. People in the Vicinity of Infrastructure .......................... 32 9.2.1. Methodological Approach .................................. 32 9.2.2. The Results .......................................................... 33 9.3. Crossing of Tranquil Zones ............................................ 33 9.3.1. Methodological Approach............................................ 33 9.3.2. The Results .......................................................... 34 10. Land Resources ...................................................................... 36 10.1. Main Objectives Concerning Land Resources ............... 36 10.2. Land Take ....................................................................... 36 10.2.1. Methodological Approach ................................ 36 10.3. Sensitive Zones Mapping .............................................. 39 10.3.1. Methodological Approach ................................ 39 10.3.2. The Results ........................................................ 43 11. Evaluation and Conclusions .................................................. 46 11.1. Indicator Overview ........................................................ 46 11.2. Conclusions.................................................................... 49 Table of Figures 5 Table of Figures Figure 4.1: Relevant spatial and ecological issues for a strategic environmental assessment of the TEN ... 13 Figure 5.1: Available digitalised data concerning European TEN infrastructure ................................. 16 Figure 5.2: Available (digitalised) data for environmental assessment on European scale .............................. 17 Figure 6.1: Decision No 1692/96/EC Annex III priority projects ..................................................... 18 Figure 6.2: The three transport modes included in this study and a multi-modal overview including the 14 specific projects.......................................... 19 Figure 6.3: Example of the multi-modal TEN network compared to the national and regional network... 20 Figure 6.4 Estimated length of the trans-European transport network compared to the overall European infrastructure (kilometres) ..................... 20 Figure 7.1: Site description according to its legal statute....... 23 Figure 7.2: Designated sites potentially affected by the development of the trans-European transport network. Status in mid 1997 (overlaps between sites not taken into account) ................................. 23 Figure 7.3: Indication of potential conflicts between complete TEN and nature sites. Nature site classification according to neighbouring links ...... 25 Figure 7.4: Indication of potential conflicts between complete TEN and nature sites. TEN infrastructure classification according to ................... neighbouring nature sites...................................... 26 Figure 7.5: Number of land units and their cumulative surface - existing and TEN planned situation ....... 26 Figure 7.6: Partitioning of Land effects of the complete TEN .... 28 Figure 8.1: Water crossings of the existing trans-European transport network .................................................. 29 Figure 8.2: Comparison of the number of water crossings under different TEN variants ................. 30 6 Spatial and Ecological Assessment of the TEN Figure 8.3: Complete Multimodal TEN classification according to potential conflicts with surface water .. 30 Figure 9.1: Population susceptible to noise exposure due to TEN infrastructure ...................................... 32 Figure 9.2: Population exposed to noise impacts per TEN variant...................................................... 33 Figure 9.3: Population density map and multi-modal TEN network .......................................................... 33 Figure 9.4: Intersection with tranquil zones per TEN variant ..... 34 Figure 9.5: Intersection with tranquil zones according to TEN variants ..................................... 34 Figure 9.6: Noise disturbance zones around the Complete Multimodal TEN network ..................... 35 Figure 10.1: Estimated surface requirements per infrastructure type ................................................. 36 Figure 10.2: Land take by TEN variant ...................................... 37 Figure 10.3: Distribution of the major land cover types in Europe ...................................................... 38 Figure 10.4: Land take by land cover type for TEN variants ..... 39 Figure 10.5: Sensitivity thresholds attributed to baseline data sets .................................................. 40 Figure 10.6: Assignment rules for determining sensitivity per group .............................................. 40 Figure 10.7: Sensitivity map based on Group I criteria (physical-environmental criteria) ............................ 41 Figure 10.8: Sensitivity map based on Group II criteria (environmental legal status criteria) ...................... 42 Figure 10.9: Sensitivity map based on Group III criteria (demographic criteria) ........................................... 43 Figure 10.10: Identification of high sensitivity cells crossed by infrastructure links ............................... 44 Figure 10.11: Sensitivity index per impact group and TEN variant ............................................................ 44 Figure 10.12: Sensitivity index graphs per impact group and TEN variant ..................................................... 45 Figure