LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 Connecting Nature

mayor of london Transport for London Contents

1. Executive Summary 3 4. LU BAP Achievements 24 4.1 Surveys and data 24 2. Introduction 4 4.2 Living roofs 25 2.1 What is biodiversity? 4 4.3 Managing the biodiversity value of our property 25 2.2 Summary of policy drivers and legislation 4 4.4 Raising awareness 26 2.3 Biodiversity in 2010 and Landscape scale conservation 5 5. LU BAP Actions 28 3. LU and Biodiversity 7 5.1 Outline 28 3.1 Wildlife and habitat overview of LU’s property 7 5.2 Protected species 28 3.2 Biodiversity highlights 12 5.3 Habitat conservation and enhancement 29 Central line 13 5.4 Invasive species management 30 District line 14 5.5 Ecology surveys and data collection strategy 31 Jubilee line 15 5.6 Awareness 32 Metropolitan line 16 Piccadilly line 17 Appendix 1: Reference and useful material 33 Northern line 18 Appendix 2: Glossary 34 Bakerloo line 19 Hammersmith and City line 19 Victoria line 19 3.3 Biodiversity value of the LU network 20 3.4 Vegetation Management 21 3.5 Access to greenspaces 22 Royal parks, nature reserves and green areas in London 23

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4 environment. This naturally reflects all the the Lawton review ‘Making Space for Nature’ To rebuild biodiversity on a landscape scale, Mayor’s strategic aims. was published. The review, comprised of a areas with greatest potential must first be national ecosystem assessment examining the identified. In December 2009, Natural England Supporting the aims of the Mayor’s strategies, services our habitats and species provide to published a document (‘Securing Biodiversity: the London BAP and TfL’s environment strategy society and the economy, called for integrated the delivery framework for habitats and species naturally assists LU to meet its legal duty under biodiversity delivery at a landscape-scale and the in England’) that presented the concept of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities establishment of Ecological Restoration Zones Integrated Biodiversity Delivery Areas (IBDA), Act 2006 “to have regard to conserving (ERZ). The current Government has promised similar to the ERZs recommended in ‘Making biodiversity in exercising their functions”. to “introduce measures to protect wildlife and Space for Nature’. promote green spaces and wildlife corridors 2.3 Biodiversity in 2010 and in order to halt the loss of habitats”. Defra is These large areas of land have been identified Landscape scale conservation set to incorporate the recommendations of as a priority for biodiversity enhancement due these reviews into the forthcoming Natural to their existing biodiversity interest and where The United Nations declared 2010 as the Environment White Paper which is due in significant BAP delivery occurs. In London, International Year of Biodiversity. The aim of Spring 2011. Natural England has identified the Thames the dedicated year was to return biodiversity and Tributary area as suitable for landscape- and its continuing decline back in the global However, despite the implementation of BAPs scale conservation. The UK’s Wildlife Trusts spotlight since its profile was first raised at the and other conservation measures, and although are also seeking to deliver large scale schemes Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992. The new the overall rate of loss has slowed, biodiversity called ‘Living Landscapes’, whilst the RSPB Nagoya Summit held in late 2010 agreed goals is still in decline in the UK and globally due to call their priority biodiversity conservation and targets that look to “at least halve and where such pressures as intensive farming, water and areas ‘Futurescapes’. An important national feasible” bring close to zero the rate of loss of air pollution, water abstraction, and humanity’s RSPB Futurescape is the Thames Estuary, natural habitats; as well as to increase the area of ever growing need for more space. Future climate starting at Tower Bridge and extending out terrestrial and marine wildlife reserves globally. change is likely to accelerate these losses too. to sea. LU’s land holdings and involvement with the Thames and Tributary areas have the In the UK, the first UK Biodiversity Action Plan A change to the approach taken to manage potential to play an important role in supporting was published in 1994. The most recent UK BAP nature conservation is needed so that the UK the delivery of projects like the Thames report was released in 2008 and work continues can halt the decline in biodiversity on its land Futurescape; by providing corridors for wildlife, to establish the success of national efforts. The and surrounding sea, and then work towards and links for Londoners to access the wider Department for Environment, Fisheries, and Rural recovery. Legal protection of scattered areas of Thames Futurescape. Affairs (Defra) recently launched two ecology land, such as nature reserves with Sites of Special reviews. ‘Natural Environment – Adapting to Scientific Interest (SSSI) status, and BAPs are Landscape-scale restoration for biodiversity may Climate Change’, published in March 2010, aims currently used in the UK to protect endangered not be feasible in the urbanised environment of to establish if the UK’s wildlife sites are capable species and habitats. central London, but the principles outlined above of responding to the challenges of climate have been incorporated into the concept of green change and other pressures. In September 2010 infrastructure, which seeks to promote, design

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 Introduction 5 and manage a multifunctional network Benefits delivered by Flood protection of green and natural spaces which can In the UK, half our ancient woodland has been deliver, amongst other things, benefits for biodiversity lost since the 1940s and 98% of lowland grassland biodiversity. In London the concept of green In the UK, our ecosystems conserve water since the 1950s, due to intensive agricultural infrastructure is being implemented through supplies, protect against flooding and erosion, practices and sprawling urban development. Green the All London Green Grid. LU can act as an store millions of tonnes of CO2 and provide spaces and vegetation can help regulate water important local partner by adapting where the pollinating insects that our food crops flow. Trees, plants and grass absorb water during appropriate its current land management depend on. On top of this they also provide periods of heavy rainfall and can reduce the impact practices to align with the objectives of All a range of amenity facilities for us to picnic of rainfall – particularly in the urban environment London Green Grid. on, sail on and ramble through, benefiting the e.g. flash flooding. For LU, habitat management health and wellbeing of millions. In other words, that contributes to water regulation can reduce the Greenspace Information for Greater London our ecosystems provide services critical to impact of heavy rainfall on our drainage systems (GiGL) has produced Habitat Suitability Maps our survival. and potential flooding of our assets. for the London Biodiversity Partnership (LBP) that includes the IBDA Thames and Tributary Economic studies such as The Ecology Reducing urban “heat Islands” area. GiGL is London’s environmental and Economics of Biodiversity (TEEB), the In urban areas, summer temperatures can be up records centre hosted by London Wildlife UN-backed investment bank led report, have to 5ºC higher than the countryside; conversely, in Trust. It collates, manages and makes tried to estimate the value of our ecosystems; the winter months, the effects of driving wind and available detailed information on London’s with figures reaching in the billions. Yet the rain are exacerbated by being channelled between wildlife, parks, nature reserves, gardens and species and habitats providing these services are buildings. Increasing greenery, e.g. green roofs and other open spaces. TfL is a member of GiGL still in decline. Landscape scale conservation will living walls, will provide natural air conditioning and LU contributes our wildlife and habitat halt the decline and help to restore biodiversity. that reduces temperatures, shade and act as data to this environmental records centre. We must also educate and sell the ecosystem natural wind suppressants. The contribution of services that our natural environment provides, our habitats and green spaces in contributing to The Habitat Suitability Maps identify so that people understand the economic, reducing the urban heat island effect is important areas where priority London BAP habitats, environmental and social benefits of biodiversity. for our customers, staff and assets. such as acid grassland and heath, may be restored or increased in size because the Climate change modelling indicates there Pollution control ecological conditions are suitable. As part will be a trend towards hotter, drier summers of its BAP, LU will establish where its land The air and water in urban environments is more (interspersed with more intensive periods of intersects areas identified on these maps polluted because of contaminants from transport rainfall) and warmer, wetter winters. This means and then seek to manage its land to increase and fuel combustion. Wetland vegetation, the UK’s countryside and urban areas need to be priority habitats where practicable to do especially reedbeds, can be effective in filtering managed in ways that “climate change proof” our so to support the move to landscape-scale run-off from hard surfaces such as roads and car landscapes and sustain the ecosystem services conservation of biodiversity, championed parks and in lessening the nutrient load in urban they provide. Here are some examples of where by Natural England, LBP and RSPB lakes that result in harmful algae growth. Trees conserving biodiversity will also help conserve described above. and hedgerows can have a positive, if small, our day-to-day lives. impact in filtering air and noise pollution too.

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 6 3.1 Wildlife and habitat overview Surveys carried out on the property have of LU property identified hundreds of plants and animal species on the LU network. Information on the habitats Although over half of the London Underground and species on LU's network came from a range network is above ground, only eight of the eleven of sources including: lines have any significant over-ground sections. • Biodiversity survey report (London The Metropolitan, Central and Piccadilly line Underground, 2000) make up almost 70% of the total trackside vegetation and wildlife area. The Circle line and • Ecology Survey: Phase One SSL and BCV (2005) Waterloo & City line do not have any above • Ecology Survey: Phase Two SSL and BCV (2006) ground elements. The only above ground section • Phase One (plus) Survey of Tube Lines Jubilee, of track on the Victoria line is a short section Northern and Piccadilly, depots and sidings leading into the Northumberland Park depot. (Tube Lines, 2006) • Information from Greenspace Information for Much of the network is on raised embankments Greater London (GiGL) and the natural soils and underlying geology have little impact on the vegetation. Most of • Other voluntary groups, e.g. the London LU's line-side habitats are ‘semi-natural’ or Bat Group Brownfield, although other habitats include ancient woodlands, acid grassland and wetlands. The ecological surveys show that a number The most mature woodlands with the highest of locally and nationally rare species use diversity of species are present at the ends of LU property. Nationally rare or protected the lines. Younger and less diverse woodlands species have been found on a number of lines, (dominated by sycamore and ash) tend to occur including three species of bats, song thrush, closer to London, while much of the habitat in wryneck and Great Crested Newts. Table 1 central London is wasteland habitat of variable below lists the UK and London Biodiversity quality. There are extensive areas of grassland Action Plan (BAP) species recorded on London and tall herb dominated vegetation in certain Underground property. areas. There are few areas of wetlands or ponds on LU property. A number of ‘notable for London’ plant species, such as longheaded poppy, pale toadflax and 3. LU and Biodiversity 3. LU While most of the habitats are not of national or greater celandine, have been recorded on London regional importance for nature conservation, the Underground property. A number of endangered semi natural rail-side habitats are considered as and nationally scarce invertebrate species have important for their local value. These habitats are also been recorded including UK BAP, Red particularly important when they are found close Data Books endangered and Red Data Book to central London. unknown species.

7

Table 1 – Mammals recorded on LU property since 1999 Bakerloo Central District H&C Jubilee Metropolitan Northern Piccadilly Victoria

Badger Meles meles Common rat Rattus norvegicus Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentoni Fox Vulpes vulpes Field vole Microtus agrestris Grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Mole Talpa europaea Muntjac deer Muntiacus reevesi Pipistrelle bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Shrew Sorex araneus Stoat Mustela erminea Water vole Arvicola terrestris Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 8 Table 2 – Reptiles and

amphibians recorded on erloo LU property since 1999 Bak Central District H&C Jubilee Metropolitan Northern Piccadilly Victoria

Reptiles Common lizard Lacerta vivipara Grass snake Natrix natrix Slow worm Anguis fragilis

Amphibians Common frog Rana temporaria Common toad Bufo bufo Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Smooth newt Triturus vulgaris

Table 3 – Birds recorded on erloo LU property since 1999 Bak Central District H&C Jubilee Metropolitan Northern Piccadilly Victoria

Blackbird Turdus merula 0 Black cap Sylvia atricapilla Black headed gull Larus ridibundus Blue tit Parus caeruleus

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 9 Table 3 – Birds recorded on LU property since 1999 – continued erloo Central District H&C Jubilee Bak Met Northern Piccadilly Victoria Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Carrion crow Corvus corone Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Chiff Chaff Phylloscopus collybita Collared dove Streptopelia decaocto Dunnock Prunella modularis Feral pigeon Columba livia Garden warbler Sylvia borin Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Great tit Parus major Greater spotted Dendrocopos major woodpecker Greenfinch Carduelis chloris Green woodpecker Picus viridis Grey heron Ardea cinerea Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Herring gull Larus argentatus House martin Delichon urbica House sparrow Passer domesticus Jay Garrulus glandarius Kestrel Falco tinnunculus

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 10 Table 3 – Birds recorded on LU property since 1999 – continued erloo Central District H&C Jubilee Bak Met Northern Piccadilly Victoria Lesser whitethroat Sylvia curruca Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Linnet Carduelis cannabina Long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus Magpie Pica pica Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Pied wagtail Motacilla alba Robin Erithacus rubecula Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Starling Sturnus vulgaris Swallow Hirundo rustica Swift Apus apus Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Whitethroat Sylvia communis Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Woodpidgeon Columba palumbus Wren Troglodytes troglodytes Wryneck Jynx torquilla Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 11 Most of the habitats on LU property are ‘semi- natural’, although habitats range from ancient woodland to maturing wasteland. Some of the important habitat types present on LU property include acid grassland, mature broad-leaved woodland, woodland habitat in central London and species-rich grassland. The predominant habitats noted were woodland, grassland and scrubland although other habitats such as wasteland and wetlands were also recorded.

3.2 Biodiversity highlights The following line diagrams note some of the biodiversity highlights which have been recorded on LU property over the past 10 years. The diagrams follow the London Underground network map and are not geographically correct. Not all species and habitats recorded on London Underground property have been highlighted on the diagrams. Photos have been used to illustrate the line diagrams; not all of the photos were taken at the site referred to.

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 12 Central line

Trackside habitat area – 838 hectares

Epping Chesham Chalfont & Theydon Bois Latimer High Barnet Watford Cockfosters Debden Water voles Amersham Totteridge & Whetstone Wryneck – this Chorleywood Croxley Oakwoodsmall woodpecker Loughton (pictured) and Woodside Park Pippistrelle bats Rickmansworth Moor Park Southgate is a rare migrant Buckhurst Hill Mill Hill East West Finchley Northwood Arnos Grove with just a few West Ruislip Edgware Roding Grange Northwood Valley Hill Hills Bounds Green breeding pairs Hillingdon Ruislip Stanmore Finchley Central Ruislip Harrow & Chigwell Manor Burnt Oak recorded in Britain Pinner Wealdstone Canons Park Wood Green East Finchley Woodford Hainault Uxbridge Ickenham Colindale Eastcote North Harrow Kenton Queensbury Turnpike Lane Hendon Central Highgate South Woodford Fairlop Harrow- Northwick Preston on-the-Hill Kingsbury Ruislip Park Road Barkingside Rayners Lane Brent Cross Archway Manor House Seven Blackhorse Gardens Sisters Road Snaresbrook Great CrestedWest South Kenton Golders Green Newbury Park Harrow Tufnell Park SouthNewt Harrow (pictured) and Neasden Tottenham Walthamstow North Wembley Wembley Hampstead Redbridge Upminster South Ruislip Smooth Newt Park Hale Central Wembley Central Dollis Hill Kentish Town Finsbury Arsenal Park Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park Willesden Green Hill Holloway Road Hornchurch Belsize Park Northolt Harlesden Kilburn Leytonstone Caledonian Road Dagenham Sudbury Town Chalk Farm Elm Park Nationally rareWillesden and Junction West Hampstead East Finchley Road Camden Town Highbury & Mixed ash and endangered invertebrate Kensal Green Islington Alperton Swiss Cottage sycamore woodland Leyton Dagenham species recorded betweenQueen’s Park Mornington Heathway St. John’s Wood Greenford Crescent Becontree Greenford and Northolt King’s Cross Stratford Kilburn Park St. Pancras Upney Edgware Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great Grass snake Road Portland Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Barking Street Street (pictured) and Royal Oak Angel Pudding Upton Park Hanger Lane Mill Lane commonEast Ham lizard Westbourne Park Warren Street Euston Old Street Bethnal Edgware Square Green Mile End Road Farringdon Plaistow Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Bow Road Ladbroke Grove Bayswater Russell Street Latimer Road Square Barbican Bromley- West Ham North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Chancery Moorgate City Bush Acton Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Ealing Broadway St. Paul’s Aldgate East West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn Whitechapel Langdon Park Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Wood Lane Aldgate Covent Garden All Saints High Street Green Park Canning Royal Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Shepherd’s Bush Ealing Common Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Cannon Street Poplar Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East India Prince Regent Goldhawk Road (Olympia) Knightsbridge Mansion House Hill Tower West Charing Gateway Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s South Ealing Victoria Park Temple Beckton Park Canary Wharf Pontoon Dock Northfields North Cyprus Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Earl’s South Sloane Westminster Embankment Greenwich Park Green Brook Park Kensington Court Kensington Square London BermondseyRecordedCanada on the Central line: Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach Waterloo London City Airport Osterley West Brompton • Great crestedSouth newt, Quay Pipistrelle bats, shrew, fox, Beckton Gunnersbury Wide trackside habitats Crossharbour King George V Hounslow East Pimlico Southwark rabbit, water voles, grey squirrel, wood mouse Hounslow along Ealing Broadway Species rich grasslandFulham Broadway Mudchute West Hounslow Central Kew Gardens spur: mix of coarse community between Hatton Cross Parsons Green Lambeth Borough • 16 species ofIsland birds Gardens grassland, tall herbs, Richmond East Acton and North Heathrow Putney Bridge Terminals 1, 2, 3 scrub and scattered trees White City • 273 species of invertebratesCutty Sark for from 89 families Woolwich Arsenal Maritime Greenwich Heathrow East Putney Vauxhall Terminal 4 Elephant & Castle Greenwich Southfields • Slow worm and common lizard Deptford Bridge Oval Kennington Heathrow Terminal 5 Wimbledon Park • Grass snakes and smoothElverson Road newt Stockwell Wimbledon Clapham North Lewisham Clapham Common Brixton Clapham South

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 Balham LU and Biodiversity 13

Tooting Bec

Tooting Broadway

Colliers Wood

South Wimbledon

Morden District line

Epping Chesham Chalfont & Theydon Bois Latimer High Barnet TracksideWatford habitat area – 387 hectares Cockfosters Debden Amersham Totteridge & Whetstone Chorleywood Croxley Oakwood Loughton Richmond branch is managed by Network Rail Woodside Park Rickmansworth Moor Park Southgate Buckhurst Hill Mill Hill East West Finchley Northwood Arnos Grove West Ruislip Edgware Roding Grange Northwood Valley Hill Hills Bounds Green Hillingdon Ruislip Stanmore Finchley Central Ruislip Harrow & Chigwell Manor Burnt Oak Pinner Wealdstone Canons Park Wood Green East Finchley Woodford Hainault Grass snake, slow Uxbridge Ickenham Colindale Eastcote North Harrow Kenton Queensbury Turnpike Lane worm (pictured) Hendon Central Highgate South Woodford Fairlop Harrow- Northwick Preston and common lizard on-the-Hill Kingsbury Ruislip Park Road Barkingside Rayners Lane Brent Cross Archway Manor House Seven Blackhorse Gardens Sisters Road SpeciesSnaresbrook rich grassland West South Kenton Golders Green Newbury Park Harrow Tufnell Park South Harrow Neasden Tottenham Walthamstow North Wembley Wembley Hampstead Redbridge Upminster South Ruislip Park Hale Central Wembley Central Dollis Hill Kentish Town Finsbury Arsenal Park Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park Willesden Green Hill Holloway Road Hornchurch Belsize Park Northolt Harlesden Kilburn Leytonstone Caledonian Road Sudbury Town Chalk Farm Dagenham Willesden Junction West Hampstead East Elm Park Finchley Road Camden Town Highbury & Kensal Green Islington Alperton Swiss Cottage Leyton Dagenham Queen’s Park Mornington Heathway St. John’s Wood Greenford Crescent Becontree King’s Cross Stratford Kilburn Park St. Pancras Upney Edgware Great Crested Newt Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great Road Portland Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Barking Street Street Royal Oak Angel Pudding Upton Park Hanger Lane Mill Lane East Ham Woodland and scrub Westbourne Park Warren Street Euston Old Street Bethnal Edgware Square Green Mile End Road Farringdon Plaistow Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Bow Road Ladbroke Grove Bayswater Russell Street Latimer Road Square Barbican Bromley- West Ham North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Chancery Moorgate City Bush Acton Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Ealing Broadway St. Paul’s Aldgate East West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn Whitechapel Langdon Park Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Wood Lane Aldgate Covent Garden All Saints High Street Green Park Canning Royal Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Shepherd’s Bush Ealing Common Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Cannon Street Poplar Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East India Prince Regent Goldhawk Road (Olympia) Knightsbridge Mansion House Hill Tower West Charing Gateway Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s South Ealing Victoria Park Temple Water voles Beckton Park Canary Wharf Pontoon Dock Northfields North Cyprus Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Earl’s South Sloane Westminster Embankment Greenwich Park Green Brook Park Kensington Court Kensington Square London Bermondsey Canada Endangered Carder Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach Waterloo London City Airportbumblebee Osterley West Brompton South Quay Beckton Gunnersbury Crossharbour King George V Hounslow East Pimlico Southwark Hounslow Fulham Broadway Mudchute West Hounslow Central Kew Gardens Hatton Cross Parsons Green Lambeth Borough Island Gardens Richmond North Heathrow Putney Bridge Terminals 1, 2, 3 Recorded on the District line: Cutty Sark for Woolwich Arsenal Maritime Greenwich Heathrow East Putney Vauxhall Terminal 4 Elephant & Castle • Wood mouse,Greenwich fox and rabbit Southfields Deptford Bridge Oval Kennington Heathrow Terminal 5 Wimbledon Park • 16 species of birds Elverson Road Stockwell Wimbledon Clapham North • 273 speciesLewisham of invertebrates from 89 families Clapham Common Mixed broadleaf Brixton Smooth Newt woodlandClapham South • Slow worm and common lizard Balham

Tooting Bec • Grass snakes and smooth newt

Tooting Broadway

Colliers Wood LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 South Wimbledon LU and Biodiversity 14 Morden Jubilee line

Trackside habitat area – 310 hectares

Epping Chesham Chalfont & Theydon Bois Latimer High Barnet Watford Cockfosters Debden Amersham Totteridge & Whetstone Chorleywood Croxley Oakwood Loughton Woodside Park Rickmansworth Moor Park Southgate Buckhurst Hill Mill Hill East West Finchley Northwood Arnos Grove West Ruislip Edgware Roding Grange Northwood Valley Hill Hills Bounds Green Hillingdon Ruislip Stanmore Finchley Central Ruislip Harrow & Chigwell Manor Burnt Oak Pinner Wealdstone Canons Park Wood Green East Finchley Woodford Hainault Uxbridge Ickenham Colindale Eastcote North Harrow Kenton Queensbury Turnpike Lane Hendon Central Highgate South Woodford Fairlop Oak andHarrow- birch Northwick Preston on-the-Hill Kingsbury Cornflower (UK Ruislip Park Road Barkingside Rayners Lane woodland Brent Cross Archway Manor House Seven Blackhorse Gardens BAP Species) Sisters Road Snaresbrook West South Kenton Golders Green Newbury Park Harrow Tufnell Park South Harrow Neasden Tottenham Walthamstow North Wembley Wembley Hampstead Redbridge Upminster South Ruislip Park Hale Central Wembley Central Dollis Hill Kentish Town Finsbury Arsenal Park Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park Willesden Green Hill Holloway Road Hornchurch Belsize Park Northolt Harlesden Kilburn Leytonstone Caledonian Road Sudbury Town Chalk Farm Dagenham Willesden Junction West Hampstead East Elm Park Finchley Road Camden Town Highbury & Kensal Green Islington Alperton Swiss Cottage Leyton Dagenham Queen’s Park Mornington Heathway St. John’s Wood Greenford Crescent Becontree King’s Cross Stratford Kilburn Park St. Pancras Upney Edgware Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great Road Portland Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Barking Street Street Mixed broadleavedRoyal Oak Angel Pudding Upton Park Hanger Lane Longheaded poppy Mill Lane East Ham woodlandWestbourne Parkwith Warren Street Euston Old Street Bethnal Edgware Square (notable LondonGreen Mile End Developing wasteland areas of tall herbs Road Farringdon Plaistow Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Bow Road Ladbroke Grove species) plant community Bayswater Russell Street Latimer Road Square Barbican Bromley- West Ham North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Chancery Moorgate City Bush Acton Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Ealing Broadway St. Paul’s Aldgate East West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn Whitechapel Langdon Park Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Wood Lane Aldgate Covent Garden All Saints High Street Green Park Canning Royal Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Shepherd’s Bush Ealing Common Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Cannon Street Poplar Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East India Prince Regent Goldhawk Road (Olympia) Knightsbridge Mansion House Hill Tower West Charing Gateway Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s South Ealing Victoria Park Temple Beckton Park Canary Wharf Pontoon Dock Northfields North Cyprus Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Earl’s South Sloane Westminster Embankment Greenwich Park Green Brook Park Kensington Court Kensington Square London Bermondsey Canada Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach Waterloo London City Airport Osterley West Brompton South Quay Beckton Gunnersbury Crossharbour King George V Hounslow East Pimlico Southwark Hounslow Fulham Broadway Mudchute West Hounslow Central Kew Gardens Hatton Cross Parsons Green Lambeth Borough Island Gardens Richmond North Heathrow Recorded on the Jubilee line:Putney Bridge Terminals 1, 2, 3 Cutty Sark for Woolwich Arsenal Maritime Greenwich Heathrow • Field voles, rabbit, mole, woodEast mouse Putney and fox Vauxhall Terminal 4 Elephant & Castle Greenwich Southfields Deptford Bridge • 17 species of birds Oval Kennington Heathrow Terminal 5 Wimbledon Park Elverson Road Stockwell Wimbledon Clapham North • 96 species of invertebrates from 43 families Lewisham Clapham Common Brixton Clapham South

Balham LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 Tooting Bec LU and Biodiversity 15 Tooting Broadway

Colliers Wood

South Wimbledon

Morden Metropolitan line

Trackside habitat area – 1120 hectares Recorded on the Metropolitan line: • Pipistrelle and Daubenton’s bats, badgers, High quality mature grey squirrel, common rat, mole, rabbit, stoat, mixed broadleaved woodland, wood mouse and fox including areas with ancient woodland • 27 species of birds characteristics, e.g. • 266 species of invertebrates from 94 families dog’s mercury. • Great crested newt and smooth newt • Slow worm and grass snake Epping Chesham Chalfont & Theydon Bois Latimer High Barnet Watford Cockfosters Debden Amersham Totteridge & Whetstone Chorleywood Croxley Oakwood Loughton Woodside Park Rickmansworth Moor Park Slow worm (pictured), Southgate Buckhurst Hill Mill Hill East West Finchley Northwood common lizard and Arnos Grove West Ruislip Edgware Roding Grange Northwoodbadger Valley Hill Hills Bounds Green Hillingdon Ruislip Stanmore Finchley Central Ruislip Harrow & Chigwell Badger (pictured), Manor Burnt Oak Pinner Wealdstone Canons Park Wood Green East Finchley Woodford Hainault wood mouse and Uxbridge Ickenham Colindale Eastcote North Harrow smooth newt Kenton Queensbury Turnpike Lane Hendon Central Highgate South Woodford Fairlop Harrow- Northwick Preston on-the-Hill Kingsbury Ruislip Park Road Barkingside Rayners Lane Brent Cross Archway Manor House Seven Blackhorse Gardens Sisters Road Snaresbrook West South Kenton Golders Green Newbury Park Harrow Tufnell Park South Harrow Neasden Tottenham Walthamstow North Wembley Wembley Hampstead Redbridge Upminster South Ruislip Park Hale Central Wembley Central Dollis Hill Kentish Town Finsbury Arsenal Park Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park Willesden Green Hill Holloway Road Hornchurch Belsize Park Northolt Harlesden Kilburn Leytonstone Caledonian Road Sudbury Town Chalk Farm Dagenham Willesden Junction West Hampstead East Elm Park Finchley Road Camden Town Highbury & Kensal Green Islington Alperton Swiss Cottage Leyton Dagenham Queen’s Park Mornington Heathway St. John’s Wood ExtensiveGreenford Great Crescent Becontree King’s Cross Stratford Bats (pictured), water Crested Newt Kilburn Park St. Pancras Upney Edgware Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great vole, smooth newt and population close to Road Portland Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Barking grass snake Ruislip depot Street Street Royal Oak Angel Pudding Upton Park Hanger Lane Mill Lane East Ham Grass snakesWestbourne Park Warren Street Euston Old Street Bethnal Edgware Square Green Mile End (pictured), slow worm Road Farringdon Plaistow Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Bow Road Ladbroke Grove and common lizard Bayswater Russell Street Latimer Road Square Barbican Bromley- West Ham North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Chancery Moorgate City Bush Acton Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Ealing Broadway St. Paul’s Aldgate East West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn Whitechapel Langdon Park Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Wood Lane Aldgate Covent Garden All Saints High Street Green Park Canning Royal Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Shepherd’s Bush Ealing Common Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Cannon Street Poplar Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East India Prince Regent Great crested newt Goldhawk Road (Olympia) Knightsbridge Mansion House Hill Tower West Charing Gateway and smooth newt Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s (pictured) South Ealing Victoria Park Temple Beckton Park Canary Wharf Pontoon Dock Northfields North Cyprus Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Earl’s South Sloane Westminster Embankment Greenwich Park Green Brook Park Kensington Court Kensington Square London Bermondsey Canada Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach Waterloo London City Airport Osterley West Brompton South Quay Beckton Gunnersbury Crossharbour King George V Hounslow East Pimlico Southwark Hounslow Fulham Broadway Mudchute LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 West Hounslow Central Kew Gardens LU and Biodiversity Hatton Cross Parsons Green Lambeth Borough Island Gardens 16 Richmond North Heathrow Putney Bridge Terminals 1, 2, 3 Cutty Sark for Woolwich Arsenal Maritime Greenwich Heathrow East Putney Vauxhall Terminal 4 Elephant & Castle Greenwich Southfields Deptford Bridge Oval Kennington Heathrow Terminal 5 Wimbledon Park Elverson Road Stockwell Wimbledon Clapham North Lewisham Clapham Common Brixton Clapham South

Balham

Tooting Bec

Tooting Broadway

Colliers Wood

South Wimbledon

Morden Piccadilly line

Trackside habitat area – 770 hectares Acid woodland

Epping Chesham Chalfont & Theydon Bois Latimer High Barnet Watford Cockfosters Debden Amersham Totteridge & Whetstone Chorleywood Croxley Oakwood Loughton Woodside Park Rickmansworth Moor Park Southgate Buckhurst Hill Mill Hill East West Finchley Northwood Arnos Grove West Ruislip Edgware Roding Grange Northwood Valley Hill Hills Mixed native and non- Bounds Green Hillingdon Ruislip Stanmore Finchley Central Ruislip Harrow & Chigwell Manor Burnt Oak native broadleaved Grass snake Pinner Wealdstone Canons Park Wood Green East Finchley Woodford Hainault Uxbridge Ickenham Colindale woodland Eastcote North Harrow Kenton Queensbury Turnpike Lane Seasonally wet Hendon Central Highgate South Woodford Fairlop Harrow- Northwick Preston on-the-Hill Kingsbury Ruislip woodland (UK HAPPark Road Barkingside Rayners Lane Brent Cross Archway Manor House Seven Blackhorse Gardens habitat) Sisters Road Snaresbrook West South Kenton Golders Green Newbury Park Harrow Tufnell Park South Harrow Neasden Tottenham Walthamstow North Wembley Wembley Hampstead Redbridge Upminster South Ruislip Park Hale Central Wembley Central Dollis Hill Kentish Town Finsbury Arsenal Park Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park Willesden Green Hill Holloway Road Hornchurch Belsize Park Northolt Harlesden Kilburn Leytonstone Caledonian Road Sudbury Town Chalk Farm Dagenham Willesden Junction West Hampstead East Elm Park Finchley Road Camden Town Highbury & Kensal Green Islington Greater celandine Alperton Swiss Cottage Leyton Dagenham Queen’s Park Mornington (notable London Heathway St. John’s Wood Mixed broadleaved Greenford Crescent Becontree King’s Cross flower) Stratford woodland with Kilburn Park St. Pancras Upney Edgware Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great areas of tall herbs Road Portland Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Barking Street Street Royal Oak Angel Pudding Upton Park Hanger Lane House sparrow Mill Lane East Ham Westbourne Park Warren Street Euston Old Street Bethnal (London BAP species) Edgware Square Green Mile End Road Farringdon Plaistow Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Bow Road Ladbroke Grove Bayswater Russell Street Latimer Road Square Barbican Bromley- West Ham North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Chancery Moorgate City Bush Acton Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Ealing Broadway St. Paul’s Aldgate East West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn Whitechapel Langdon Park Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Wood Lane Aldgate Pale toadflax (notable Covent Garden All Saints High Street Green Park Canning Royal Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Shepherd’s BushLondon species) Ealing Common Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Cannon Street Poplar Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East India Prince Regent Goldhawk Road (Olympia) Knightsbridge Mansion House Hill Tower West Charing Gateway Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s South Ealing Victoria Park Temple Beckton Park Canary Wharf Pontoon Dock Northfields North Cyprus Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Earl’s South Sloane Westminster Embankment Greenwich Park Green Brook Park Kensington Court Kensington Square London Bermondsey Canada Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach Maturing wasteland Waterloo London City Airport Osterley West Brompton South Quay Beckton (London HAP habitat) Gunnersbury Recorded on the Piccadilly line: Crossharbour King George V Hounslow East Pimlico Southwark Hounslow Fulham Broadway Mudchute West Hounslow Central Kew Gardens • Field voles, wood mice, muntjac deer, grey Hatton Cross Parsons Green Lambeth Borough Island Gardens Richmond North squirrel, hedgehog, rabbit, stoat and fox Heathrow Putney Bridge Terminals 1, 2, 3 Cutty Sark for Woolwich Arsenal • 22 species of birds Maritime Greenwich Heathrow East Putney Vauxhall Terminal 4 Elephant & Castle Greenwich Southfields • 221 species of invertebrates from 95 families Deptford Bridge Silver Birch Grassland Oval Kennington Heathrow Terminal 5 Wimbledon Park Elverson Road Stockwell • Smooth newt Wimbledon Clapham North Lewisham Clapham Common Brixton Clapham South LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 Balham LU and Biodiversity 17 Tooting Bec

Tooting Broadway

Colliers Wood

South Wimbledon

Morden Northern line Epping Chesham Chalfont & Theydon Bois Latimer High Barnet Trackside habitatWatford area – 470 hectares Cockfosters Debden Amersham Totteridge & Whetstone Chorleywood Croxley Oakwood Loughton Woodside Park Rickmansworth Moor Park Southgate Buckhurst Hill Mill Hill East West Finchley Northwood Arnos Grove West Ruislip Edgware Roding Grange Northwood Valley Hill Hills Bounds Green Hillingdon Ruislip Stanmore Finchley Central Ruislip One of Harrowfew &wetland Chigwell Manor Burnt Oak Pinner Wealdstone Canons Park Wood Green sites on the network East Finchley Woodford Hainault Uxbridge Ickenham Colindale Eastcote North Harrow is dominated byKenton Queensbury Turnpike Lane Hendon Central Highgate South Woodford Fairlop Harrow- Northwick Preston on-the-Hillcommon wetland Kingsbury Ruislip Park Road Barkingside Rayners Lane Brent Cross Archway Manor House Seven Blackhorse Gardens birds: moorhens, Sisters Road Snaresbrook West South Kenton Golders Green Newbury Park Harrow warblers and the Tufnell Park South Harrow Neasden Tottenham Walthamstow North Wembley Wembley Hampstead Redbridge Upminster South Ruislip little grebe Park Natterer's (pictured),Hale CentralCommon orchid Wembley Central Dollis Hill Kentish Town Finsbury Arsenal PipistrellePark and growing on Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park Willesden Green Hill Holloway Road Hornchurch Belsize Park Daubenton’s bats artificial substrate Northolt Harlesden Kilburn Leytonstone Caledonian Road Sudbury Town Chalk Farm Dagenham Willesden Junction West Hampstead East Elm Park Finchley Road Camden Town Highbury & Kensal Green Islington Alperton Swiss Cottage A disused spurLeyton Dagenham Queen’s Park Mornington Heathway St. John’s Wood colonised by species Greenford Crescent Becontree King’s Cross found inStratford Highgate Kilburn Park St. Pancras Upney Edgware Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great Wood provides an Road Portland Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Barking Street Street important refuge Royal Oak Angel Pudding Upton Park Hanger Lane to plant andMill Laneanimal East Ham Westbourne Park Warren Street Euston Old Street Bethnal HouseEdgware sparrow Square Green Mile speciesEnd which are Road Farringdon Plaistow Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Bow Road Ladbroke Grove sensitive to disturbance (LondonBayswater BAP species) Russell Street Latimer Road Square Barbican Bromley- West Ham North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Chancery Moorgate City Bush Acton Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Ealing Broadway St. Paul’s Aldgate East West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn Whitechapel Langdon Park Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Wood Lane Aldgate Covent Garden All Saints High Street Green Park Canning Royal Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Shepherd’s Bush Ealing Common Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Cannon Street Poplar Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East India Prince Regent Goldhawk Road (Olympia) Knightsbridge Mansion House Hill Tower West Charing Gateway Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s South Ealing Victoria Park Temple Beckton Park Canary Wharf Pontoon Dock Northfields North Cyprus Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Earl’s South Sloane Westminster Embankment Greenwich Park Green Brook Park Kensington Court Kensington Square London Bermondsey Canada Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach Waterloo London City Airport Osterley West Brompton South Quay Beckton Gunnersbury Crossharbour King George V Hounslow East Pimlico Southwark Hounslow Fulham Broadway Mudchute West Hounslow Central Kew Gardens Hatton Cross Parsons Green Lambeth Borough Island Gardens Richmond North Heathrow Putney Bridge Terminals 1, 2, 3 Cutty Sark for Woolwich Arsenal Maritime Greenwich Heathrow East Putney Vauxhall Terminal 4 Elephant & Castle Greenwich Southfields Deptford Bridge Oval Kennington Recorded on the Northern line: Heathrow Terminal 5 Wimbledon Park Elverson Road Stockwell Wimbledon Clapham North • Pipistrelle andLewisham Natterer's bats, grey squirrel, Clapham Common Brixton brown rat, and fox Clapham South Balham • 18 species of birds Tooting Bec Tooting Broadway • 178 species of invertebrates from 69 families Wasteland (London Colliers Wood Small toadflax (notable HAP habitat) South Wimbledon London species) • Slow worm and common frog Morden

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 18 Epping Chesham Chalfont & Theydon Bois Latimer High Barnet Watford Cockfosters Debden Amersham Totteridge & Whetstone Chorleywood Croxley Oakwood Loughton

Rickmansworth Epping Woodside Park Chesham Moor Park Southgate Buckhurst Hill Chalfont & TheydonMill Bois Hill East West Finchley Latimer Northwood Arnos Grove West Ruislip High Barnet Edgware Roding Grange BakerlooWatford line Northwood VictoriaCockfosters lineDebden Valley Hill Hills Bounds Green Amersham Hillingdon Ruislip Totteridge & Whetstone Stanmore Finchley Central Chorleywood Croxley Ruislip Harrow & Oakwood Loughton Chigwell Manor Burnt Oak Pinner Wealdstone Canons Park Wood Green Woodside Park East Finchley Woodford Hainault Rickmansworth Moor Park Uxbridge Ickenham Southgate Colindale Buckhurst Hill Eastcote North Harrow Kenton Turnpike Lane Trackside habitat area – 1.3 hectares Mill Hill East Queensbury Trackside habitat area – 13 hectares Northwood West Finchley Hendon Central Highgate South Woodford Fairlop Harrow- Northwick Preston Arnos Grove Northumberland Park Depot West Ruislip Edgware Roding Grange Northwood on-the-Hill Park Road Kingsbury Valley Hill Ruislip Rayners Lane Brent Cross Manor House Seven Blackhorse Barkingside Hills Stanmore Gardens Bounds Green Archway Snaresbrook Hillingdon Ruislip Ruislip Finchley Central Sisters Road Harrow & Burnt Oak West South Kenton Golders Green Chigwell Newbury Park Manor Pinner Harrow Wood Green Wealdstone Canons Park Woodford Tufnell Park Uxbridge Ickenham South Harrow East Finchley Neasden Hainault Tottenham Walthamstow Colindale North Wembley Wembley Hampstead Redbridge Upminster Eastcote North Harrow Kenton South Ruislip Park Turnpike Lane Hale Central Queensbury Dollis Hill Hendon Central WembleyHighgate Central South Woodford KentishFairlop Town Finsbury Harrow- Northwick Preston Arsenal Park Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge on-the-Hill Park Road Kingsbury Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park Willesden Green Hill Ruislip Rayners Lane Brent Cross Manor House Seven Blackhorse Barkingside Holloway Road Hornchurch Gardens Archway Belsize ParkSnaresbrook Northolt Harlesden KilburnSisters Road Leytonstone West South Kenton Golders Green Newbury Park Harrow Caledonian Road Dagenham Sudbury Town Tufnell Park Chalk Farm Elm Park South Harrow North Wembley Neasden Willesden Junction West HampsteadTottenham Walthamstow East Wembley Hampstead Redbridge Upminster South Ruislip Park Hale Central Dollis Hill Finchley Road Camden Town Highbury & Wembley Central Kentish Town Kensal Green Finsbury Islington Arsenal Park Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge Alperton Swiss Cottage Leyton Dagenham Sudbury Hill Willesden Green Hill Heathway Stonebridge Park HollowayQueen’s Road Park Mornington Hornchurch Belsize Park St. John’s Wood Northolt AssortedKilburn woodlandGreenford LeytonstoneCrescent Becontree Harlesden Caledonian Road King’s Cross Stratford Chalk Farm Dagenham Sudbury Town and scrub,West including Hampstead Kilburn Park St. Pancras Elm Park Upney Willesden Junction Edgware East Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great HighburyRoad & Portland Slow worm (pictured) hawthorn, sycamoreFinchley Road Camden Town Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Barking Kensal Green Islington Street Street Alperton Swiss Cottage Leyton Angel Dagenham Pudding and common lizard Royal Oak Heathway Upton Park Queen’s Park and birch Hanger Lane Mornington Mill Lane East Ham St. John’s Wood Crescent Old Street Bethnal Greenford Westbourne Park Warren Street Euston Becontree Mile End King’s Cross Edgware Stratford Square Green Road Kilburn Park St. Pancras Farringdon Upney Bow Road Plaistow Edgware Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great Ladbroke Grove Russell Street Road Portland Bayswater Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Latimer Road Square BarbicanBarking Bromley- West Ham Street Street North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow East WhiteAngel Shepherd’s Pudding Upton ParkChancery Moorgate Royal Oak Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street East Ham HangerWembley Lane brook runs Acton City Bush Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Mill Lane Lane Devons Road Old Street Bethnal Stepney Green Westbourne Park Warren Street Euston Aldgate Edgware Ealing Broadway Square Green Mile End St. Paul’s along northern edge of West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn East Langdon Park Road Farringdon Plaistow Whitechapel Park Royal Regent’s Park Acton Acton Park Liverpool Arch CourtBow RoadRoad Bank Ladbroke Grove Wood Lane Aldgate Stonebridge Park depot Bayswater Russell Street Covent Garden All Saints Square West Ham Latimer Road Barbican High Street Green Park Bromley- Canning Royal North(in Ealingconcrete channel) Goodge Kensington Bow Church by-BowLeicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Shepherd’sChancery Bush Moorgate City Bush Ealing Common Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Acton Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Cannon Street Poplar Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East Ealing Broadway St. Paul’s Aldgate India Prince Regent (Olympia) KnightsbridgeEast Mansion House Hill West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham HolbornGoldhawk Road Whitechapel Langdon Park Tower Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Charing West Gateway India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Wood Lane Covent Garden Barons AldgateGloucester Cross Blackfriars Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s All Saints High Street SouthGreen Ealing Park Victoria Park CanningTemple Royal Mosaic of grassland, Blue Carpenter bee Beckton Park Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Shepherd’s Bush Canary Wharf Ealing Common Northfields Custom House for ExCeL North Pontoon Dock Market Hyde Park Corner PiccadillyChiswick Turnham StamfordCannonRavenscourt Street West Sloane Westminster Embankment tall herbaceous (rare and nationally Cyprus Earl’s South Limehouse Poplar East Epping Greenwich Chesham Kensington Circus Park Green Brook Park KensingtonMonumentCourtTower Kensington Square London Bermondsey Canada (Olympia) KnightsbridgeBoston Manor Mansion House Hill India Prince RegentBridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach ChalfontGoldhawk & Road Tower Theydonspecies Bois and scrub important species) Latimer Charing West London City Airport Osterley Gateway High Barnet IndiaWaterloo Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars West Brompton Cockfosters South Quay Beckton Acton Town Hammersmith CourtWatford Road St. James’s Debden South Ealing Amersham Victoria Park GunnersburyTemple Beckton Park Chorleywood Totteridge & Whetstone Loughton Crossharbour Croxley Canary Wharf OakwoodSouthwark King George V Hounslow East Pimlico North Pontoon Dock Northfields Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Hounslow Sloane Westminster Cyprus Rickmansworth Earl’s South Embankment Fulham Broadway Woodside Park Greenwich Mudchute Park Green Brook Park KensingtonMoor Park Court KensingtonWest SquareHounslow Central Kew Gardens London Bermondsey Canada Southgate Buckhurst Hill Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Mill Hill East Gallions Reach Northwood Parsons Green West Finchley Lambeth LondonBorough City Airport Island Gardens The majority of above ground track isHatton Cross Waterloo Arnos Grove Roding Grange Osterley West Ruislip West Brompton RichmondEdgware South Quay North Beckton NorthwoodHeathrow Valley Hill Hills Putney Bridge Bounds Green HillingdonGunnersbury Ruislip Terminals 1, 2, 3 Stanmore Finchley Central Woolwich Arsenal Ruislip Harrow & Burnt Oak Crossharbour King George V Chigwell Cutty Sark for owned and managed by NetworkManor Rail. Southwark The only section ofMaritime Greenwich Hounslow East Pinner WealdstonePimlico Canons Park Wood Green Hounslow Heathrow East Putney East Finchley Woodford Hainault Uxbridge Kew GardensIckenham Fulham Broadway Terminal 4 Colindale VauxhallMudchute Elephant & Castle West Hounslow Central Eastcote North Harrow Greenwich Kenton Queensbury Turnpike Lane LU manages two overground sections Southfields Highgate above groundFairlop track is a Hatton Cross Parsons Green LambethHendon CentralBorough Island Gardens South Woodford Richmond Harrow- Northwick Preston Deptford Bridge on-the-Hill Kingsbury North Oval Kennington Ruislip Heathrow Terminal 5 Park Road Wimbledon Park Barkingside Heathrow Rayners PutneyLane Bridge Brent Cross Archway Manor House Seven Blackhorse Terminals 1, 2, 3 Gardens Snaresbrook Elverson Road of track – around Queen’s Park station Cutty Sark for Sisters Road Woolwichshort Arsenal section leading into West South Kenton Stockwell Golders GreenWimbledon Clapham NorthMaritime Greenwich Newbury Park Harrow Tufnell Park Lewisham Heathrow South HarrowEast Putney Vauxhall Neasden Terminal 4 North Wembley Wembley Elephant & Castle Tottenham Walthamstow Redbridge Upminster and Stonebridge ParkSouth Ruislip Depot. Hampstead Clapham Common Greenwich Hale Central Northumberland Park Depot. Park Brixton Southfields Wembley Central Dollis Hill Kentish Town Finsbury Clapham South ArsenalDeptford BridgePark Wanstead Gants Upminster Bridge Oval Heathrow Terminal 5 Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park KenningtonWillesden Green Hill Wimbledon Park Holloway Road Hornchurch Belsize Park Balham Elverson Road Northolt Harlesden Stockwell Kilburn Leytonstone Wimbledon Clapham North Caledonian Road Sudbury Town Chalk Farm Tooting Bec Lewisham Dagenham Willesden Junction West Hampstead East Elm Park Clapham Common Tooting Broadway Finchley Road Camden Town Highbury & Kensal Green Brixton Islington Hammersmith andAlperton City lineClapham South Swiss Cottage Colliers Wood Leyton Dagenham Queen’s Park Mornington Heathway Balham St. John’s Wood South Wimbledon Greenford Crescent Becontree King’s Cross Stratford Tooting Bec Kilburn Park MordenSt. Pancras Upney Edgware Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great Tooting Broadway Road Portland Trackside habitat area – 17 hectares Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Barking Street Street Colliers Wood Royal Oak Angel Pudding Upton Park Hanger Lane Mill Lane East Ham South Wimbledon Westbourne Park Warren Street Euston Old Street Bethnal Edgware Square Green Mile End Morden Road Farringdon Plaistow Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Bow Road Ladbroke Grove Some areas of Bayswater Russell Street Latimer Road Square Barbican Bromley- West Ham North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow woodland – important East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Chancery Moorgate City Bush Acton Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Ealingat Broadwaya local scale, as St. Paul’s Aldgate East West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn Whitechapel Langdon Park there are few areasActon Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Wood Lane Aldgate Covent Garden All Saints of natural or semi- High Street Green Park Canning Royal Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Shepherd’s Bush naturalEaling Common habitats in Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Cannon Street Poplar Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East India Prince Regent Central London Goldhawk Road (Olympia) Knightsbridge Mansion House Hill Tower West Charing Gateway Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s South Ealing Victoria Park Temple Beckton Park Canary Wharf Pontoon Dock Northfields North Cyprus Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Earl’s South Sloane Westminster Embankment Greenwich Park Green Brook Park Kensington Court Kensington Square London Bermondsey Canada Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach Waterloo London City Airport Osterley West Brompton South Quay Beckton Gunnersbury Crossharbour King George V Hounslow East Pimlico Southwark Hounslow Fulham Broadway Mudchute LU Biodiversity ActionWest HounslowPlan Central 2010 Kew Gardens LU and Biodiversity 19 Hatton Cross Parsons Green Lambeth Borough Island Gardens Richmond North Heathrow Putney Bridge Terminals 1, 2, 3 Cutty Sark for Woolwich Arsenal Maritime Greenwich Heathrow East Putney Vauxhall Terminal 4 Elephant & Castle Greenwich Southfields Deptford Bridge Oval Kennington Heathrow Terminal 5 Wimbledon Park Elverson Road Stockwell Wimbledon Clapham North Lewisham Clapham Common Brixton Clapham South

Balham

Tooting Bec

Tooting Broadway

Colliers Wood

South Wimbledon

Morden 3.3 Biodiversity value of the limited. Brownfield habitats are now recognised LU network as nationally important, scarce habitats of exceptionally high biodiversity value. Railway Landscape-scale conservation means linesides are therefore very important as in many consolidating and expanding valuable or cases they replicate the characteristics of this threatened habitats, and creating new habitat habitat type. areas. The larger an area of habitat is the more plant and animal species will be found on it and Our extensive portfolio of operational, disused the larger populations of each species. The bigger and non-operational property supports significant a local population is, the less chance there is of it areas of biodiversity in London. Over 800 becoming locally extinct. Providing larger blocks hectares of trackside at 200 sites on LU's network of natural and semi-natural habitats, will also have been identified as Sites of Importance for increase the ecosystem services they provide. Nature Conservation (SINC). Although there are no Sites of Special Scientific Interest present Wildlife corridors and stepping-stones are key on LU's network, the Metropolitan line bisects to landscape-scale conservation too. These will the Croxley Common Moor SSSI near Croxley, help wildlife adapt to climate change, by enabling an important Hertfordshire acid grassland and them to move around the country safely to new heathland area. A number of trackside areas such suitable habitats as the south of the UK warms. as Gunnersbury Triangle in Chiswick are actively LU property has already been identified as an managed as nature reserves. essential green corridor for London’s wildlife in the Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy which states The Central line runs close to, and in some areas that it provides “an excellent network of green immediately adjacent to sections of Epping space throughout the capital”. Forest SSSI, which is also designated a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) which is located The biodiversity importance of LU’s lineside between Woodford and Buckhurst Hill and environments varies depending upon the areas Leytonstone and Snaresbrook. Pondsfield Park of surrounding land that they pass through. Site of Importance for Nature Conservation In areas such as the inner London boroughs, (SINC) is located between Dagenham Heathway railway linesides can provide habitats that are and Dagenham East on the District line, has been not present elsewhere in the borough due designated for the small areas of acid grasslands to the pressures of urban development. In present. Roxbourne Park SINC located between addition, the loss of Brownfield sites (or open Rayners Lane and Eastcote on the Metropolitan mosaic habitats on previously developed land) line includes both acid and neutral grasslands. within London to development means that the importance of lineside habitats are increased as A wide variety of mammal, reptile, amphibian ecological resources elsewhere are even more and invertebrate species were recorded on

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 20 LU property during surveys, some of which and the passage of trains. However, as long are of national, regional or local biodiversity as the safe performance of the railway is not importance. Over 550 plant species, 42 bird affected in any way, lineside land can provide species, 14 mammals, 538 invertebrate species, important secluded areas as refuges for wildlife, 3 reptile species and 3 amphibian species have especially species that elsewhere may be been recorded on LU land. A number of these vulnerable to human disturbance. are legally protected or locally important animal species, including bats, wryneck, great crested Two key elements of LU’s activities to maintain newts, stag beetles, slowworms, water voles, and renew the London Underground network native goldenrod, common orchid and bluebells. have the potential to impact biodiversity, namely vegetation maintenance and project works that Predictably, the potential contribution of involve vegetation clearance. It is by making underground tunnels and track areas to such subtle changes to these two practices that LU has conservation is limited. The dark environment the best opportunities to make improvements to holds little scope for safe survival of most lineside biodiversity, without increasing costs. animals and plants. Built structures above ground, or partly exposed at or between stations, The regular control of vegetation is essential to do contribute, providing refuges where particular protect fence lines, embankments, cutting slopes renewal works were planned in Amersham, a plants or animals are able to thrive. and the track infrastructure from the effects of badger sett was identified within the vicinity of encroachment by vegetation as well as to control the worksite and a licence was obtained for the works, which were carried out with an ecologist 3.4 Vegetation management the spread of invasive and injurious plant species. Vegetation maintenance is necessary to prevent present to minimise impacts. Non-native pest species of plants and animals future problems associated with the growth of may be found on our network. Oak Processionary vegetation that can negatively affect the efficient Following works that require the removal of Moths and their larvae were introduced to Britain running of the operational railway. For example, significant amounts of vegetation, landscaping around the Richmond area a few years ago. problems can arise from leaf fall on rails, trees is undertaken. Landscaping can play an essential Eradication plans developed with all stakeholders and branches falling onto the track or obscuring part in maintaining slope stability once root involved and the Forestry Commission are still signals, and vegetation can affect the stability of structures have been established and can benefit ongoing. Two plant species that have a negative slopes in cuttings and embankments. local residents who live adjacent to the track. impact on biodiversity, Japanese Knotweed and So important is landscaping to LU operations giant hogweed, are present too. This publication Project works, such as embankment and cutting that specifications, which are applicable to will be used to help monitor the effectiveness in stabilisation schemes, track renewals, drainage all contractors undertaking any works on the reducing these species on our property. works, and occasionally station works, also have network, are mandated in a Landscaping and the potential to impact upon the wildlife along Vegetation standard. For safety reasons, access to operational railway the track. All works are undertaken to ensure land is restricted, leaving wildlife relatively that protected species are not affected during However, it is not always possible to have a undisturbed apart from maintenance activities works. For example, when Metropolitan line track positive impact on the biodiversity. Where

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 21 diseased or damaged trees threaten the safe running of the railway, they are removed. Some trees and animals, e.g. Badgers that live close to the track, may undermine embankment stability. In these cases, LU will work with the relevant authorities to ensure that our activities are carried out in a sensitive manner and minimise disturbance as much as is reasonably practical.

London Underground's Health Safety and Environmental Policy commits LU to actively supporting the Mayor's Biodiversity Strategy. There are clear standards for manageing LU property which requires that all trees, shrubs and flowers planted are compatible with the operation of the railway, encourage species diversity and enhance the landscape. LU capital, providing areas for tourism, relaxation, hope to be able to provide travelling times to monitors activities regulalry and requires that sport and recreation, aiding the mitigation of publicly accessible open spaces. These will any environmental incidents which could climate changes and even boosting the economy be based on accurate distances along paths adversely affect biodiversity to be reported of their local areas. The importance of open and roads from e.g. park access points to a and investigated. spaces to London is recognised in the Draft Tube station. Replacement London Plan and the Mayor’s 3.5 Access to greenspaces Transport Strategy, where numerous policies London’s publicly accessible open spaces are provide for improved access to, as well as their categorised in a hierarchy according to their As well as the significant role LU play in managing protection and management of open spaces. size. For each category, the Greater London this property, LU also has the opportunity to Authority has provided a maximum distance a increase Londoners' awareness of both the A recent report by Commission of Architecture London resident should be from that category of biodiversity value of LU property and the transport and the Built Enviornment (CABE), states that open space, for example one kilometre walking service provided to intersting habitats and species “access to decent green space, alongside distance from a publicly accessible Site of across London, such as Hampstead Heath, Kew housing, health and education, is a basic Borough or Metropolitan Importance for Nature Gardens and Camley Street Natural Park requirement for a good quality of life” (taken Conservation. Areas outside of these distances from ‘Community Green: using local spaces to are classified as deficient in access to public Open spaces, whether a park or common, playing tackle inequality and improve health, 2010’). open space. However, although an area may be fields or a golf course, allotments or a civic London’s Tube network is important in providing deficient in term of travel distance to a publicly square, are important to the quality of life of all access to green spaces, particularly the larger accessible open space, it may not be in terms of London’s residents. They are key features of the parks and open spaces. In the future GiGL LU travel time using the Tube.

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 22 Royal parks, nature reserves and green areas in London Royal Parks 1. Brompton Cemetery 2. Green Park Epping Chesham Watford Junction Chalfont & Theydon Bois Latimer Watford High Street High Barnet 3. Greenwich Park Watford Cockfosters Debden Amersham Bushey Totteridge & Whetstone Chorleywood Croxley Oakwood Loughton 4. Hyde Park Carpenders Park Woodside Park Rickmansworth Moor Park Southgate Buckhurst Hill Hatch End Mill Hill East Northwood West Finchley Arnos Grove Roding West Ruislip Edgware Grange 5. Kensington Northwood Headstone Lane Valley Hill Hills Bounds Green Hillingdon Ruislip Stanmore Finchley Central Ruislip Harrow & Chigwell Manor Burnt Oak Gardens Pinner Wealdstone Canons Park Wood Green East Finchley Woodford Hainault Uxbridge Ickenham Colindale Eastcote North Harrow Kenton Harringay Queensbury Crouch Turnpike Lane Green Lines Hendon Central Highgate South Woodford Fairlop 6. Regents Park Harrow- Northwick Preston Hill South Tottenham on-the-Hill Kingsbury Ruislip Park Road Barkingside Rayners Lane Brent Cross Archway Manor House Seven Blackhorse Gardens Sisters Road Snaresbrook West South Kenton Golders Green Gospel Newbury Park 7. Richmond Park Harrow Oak Tufnell Park Upper Holloway South Harrow Neasden Hampstead North Wembley Wembley Tottenham Walthamstow Redbridge Upminster South Ruislip Park Heath Hale Central Dollis Hill Kentish Town Finsbury 8. St James’s Park Wembley Central Arsenal Upminster Bridge Finchley Road Park Wanstead Gants Kentish Sudbury Hill Stonebridge Park Willesden Green & Frognal Walthamstow Hill Belsize Park Town West Holloway Road Queen’s Road Hornchurch Northolt Harlesden Kilburn Leytonstone Kensal Brondesbury Caledonian Road Chalk Farm Dagenham Sudbury Town Willesden Junction Rise Park West Hampstead Elm Park Camden Highbury & Leyton Middle Leytonstone East Road Islington Canonbury Road High Road Brondesbury Finchley Road Camden Town Wanstead London Kensal Green Park Alperton Swiss Cottage Caledonian Dalston Kingsland Leyton Dagenham Road & Queen’s Park Kilburn South Mornington Heathway High Road Hampstead St. John’s Wood Barnsbury Dalston Junction Greenford Crescent Hackney Central Woodgrange Becontree Wildlife Trust King’s Cross Stratford Park Kilburn Park St. Pancras Upney Edgware Perivale Maida Vale Paddington Marylebone Great Homerton Hackney Road Portland Haggerston Nature Reserves Warwick Avenue Baker Euston Wick Barking Street Street Royal Oak Angel Pudding Upton Park Hanger Lane Hoxton Mill Lane East Ham Westbourne Park War ren Street Euston Old Street Bethnal 9. Camley Street Edgware Square Green Mile End Road Farringdon Plaistow Park Royal Regent’s Park Liverpool Bow Road Ladbroke Grove Shoreditch Natural Park Bayswater Russell Street High Street Latimer Road Square Barbican Bromley- West Ham North Ealing Goodge Bow Church by-Bow East White Shepherd’s Notting Lancaster Bond Oxford Street Chancery Moorgate Acton City Bush 10. Gunnersbury Hill Gate Gate Street Circus Lane Stepney Green Devons Road Ealing Broadway St. Paul’s Aldgate East West North Holland Queensway Marble Tottenham Holborn Whitechapel Langdon Park Acton Acton Park Arch Court Road Bank Triangle Wood Lane Aldgate Covent Garden All Saints Acton High Street Green Park Canning Royal Kensington Leicester Square Shadwell Westferry Blackwall Town Victoria Central Shepherd’s Bush 11. The Chase Ealing Common Market Hyde Park Corner Piccadilly Custom House for ExCeL Cannon Street Poplar South Kensington Circus Monument Tower Limehouse East India Prince Regent Acton Goldhawk Road (Olympia) Knightsbridge Mansion House Hill Tower Wapping West Charing Gateway Barons Gloucester Cross Blackfriars India Quay West Silvertown Royal Albert Acton Town Hammersmith Court Road St. James’s Park Temple South Ealing Victoria Rotherhithe Beckton Park Canary Wharf Pontoon Dock Other Green Areas Northfields North Cyprus Chiswick Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt West Earl’s South Sloane Westminster Embankment Greenwich Park Green Brook Park Kensington Court Kensington Square London Bermondsey Canada Boston Manor Bridge Water Heron Quays Gallions Reach 12. Hampstead Heath Waterloo London City Airport Osterley West Brompton South Quay Beckton Gunnersbury Fulham Broadway Surrey Quays Crossharbour King George V 13. Syon Park Hounslow East Pimlico Southwark Hounslow Mudchute West Hounslow Central Kew Gardens Hatton Cross Parsons Green Lambeth Borough Island Gardens 14. Kew Gardens Richmond North Imperial Wharf Heathrow Putney Bridge Terminals 1, 2, 3 Cutty Sark for Woolwich Arsenal 15. Epping Forest Maritime Greenwich Heathrow East Putney Vauxhall Terminal 4 Elephant & Castle New Cross Gate New Cross Greenwich Southfields 16. Croxley Common Clapham Junction Deptford Bridge Oval Kennington Heathrow Terminal 5 Wimbledon Park Brockley Elverson Road Moor SSSI Stockwell Wimbledon Clapham North Lewisham Clapham Common 17. Wimbledon Brixton Honor Oak Park Clapham South Forest Hill Common Balham Sydenham Tooting Bec 18. Tooting Bec Tooting Broadway Penge West

Colliers Wood Anerley Common South Wimbledon Crystal Palace Norwood Junction 19. Highgate Wood Morden West Croydon 20. Trent Park

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU and Biodiversity 23 This section highlights just some of our LU uses a variety of other tools to manage achievements on the way to meeting the biodiversity issues including legal compliance. biodiversity objectives published in our first At their core is the LU Environment Strategy BAP in 2007. 2008–2013 with objectives to: • conserve, and where reasonably practical to 4.1 Surveys and data enhance, the biodiversity value of LU property London Underground regularly surveys its • increase awareness amongst staff and the property – either across specific areas of the travelling public of biodiversity in London network or site-specifically in advance of planned works. A biodiversity survey of all To help fulfil its first objective LU developed London Underground tracksides was published and published its first BAP. Made publicly in 2000. The survey identified all trackside available, it outlined the biodiversity resource habitats, with more detailed surveys of plant provided by the lines, stations, depots and and animal species were carried out at specific sidings managed by LU and its contractors. sites. Further surveys in 2005–06 have helped to It identified the priority species and habitats, understand the biodiversity value of LU property important in conservation terms, and explained and contributed to the development of the LU the actions LU, and its contractors, would take BAP launched in 2007. to protect, conserve and enhance biodiversity within the context of upgrading and running the Information from all surveys has been shared railway until the BAP was reviewed this year in with GiGL. Access to GiGL data means that LU 2010. The 2010 review aligns the LU BAP with also has information about habitats bordering its the current conservation principle of landscape- property in all London Boroughs. This is essential scale conservation, as well as continuing to when planning site access to and from projects. conserve and protect the species and habitats indentified in the first BAP where possible. Within LU, survey information is available to employees via the geographical information LU worked closely with London-based and system (GIS). The GIS is an essential planning national conservation bodies, such as the tool that enables the habitat type, quality (high, London Biodiversity Partnership and Natural medium and low) and presence or potential England to produce the first BAP; and called on presence of protected species at a particular their support for the 2010 update too. Indeed, area, to be identified in advance of work. This Natural England welcomed LU’s commitment to information, and supporting ecology guidance, protecting biodiversity noting that it was good has been used by projects to manage access news for wildlife and for the people of London. 4. LU BAP Achievements BAP 4. LU to work sites, guide reinstatement works and management practices across the network.

24 4.2 Living roofs So far, the project has shown that, just within 4.3 Managing the biodiversity value its first year, the roof is teaming with insect of LU property When the BAP was published in 2007, LU life. The most prolific and noticeable being had just one living roof at the Northern line pollinating insects, bees and Lepidoptera. In Landscaping and replanting after major works Service Control Centre. Now three more January 2010, native bulbs such as crocus, has meant LU have been able to make a positive have been installed on the Brixton Train Crew daffodils and hyacinths were planted to help contribution towards biodiversity along the Accommodation building, the Stratford Train insects with early pollen, successfully providing network by providing optimum habitat for fauna Crew Accommodation building and one, with a feeding ground for insects as early as February. and flora. Ecologists, either from Natural England integrated electricity-generating solar panels, has Cornflower, oxeye daisy, camomile, corn cockle or specialist contractors, are consulted whenever been installed at LU head office building at 55 poppies carpeted the roof. Red and white tailed creating landscaping plans or obtaining licenses, Broadway. TfL installed this roof in association bumble bees, as well as early and brown carder ensuring appropriate enhancement measures are with Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation bumble bees were all recorded feeding on the put in place to encourage locally important or Trust & Livingroofs.org with funding through SITA roof during summer 2010. protected species and habitats. Trust’s Enriching Nature Programme. Buglife is carrying out a 3 year research project monitoring Spiders such as money spiders, jumping In an extensive £7.5 million scheme to stabilise the living roof as part of research to see to what spiders and crab spiders, together with some embankments and cutting slopes on the section extent living roofs have helped support certain beetles such as ladybirds and ground beetles of track between Hillingdon and Uxbridge stations, species of invertebrates. already occupy the roof habitat within the first shared by the Metropolitan and Piccadilly lines, year. Bees still make use of the pollen provided a number of simple but effective biodiversity by the wildflower rich roof during autumn. enhancement measures were implemented. This is because at ground level, in parks for instance, wildflowers have mostly died out, whilst living roofs, in many cases, experience a second flowering in late August, early autumn. This year has been particularly harsh on green roofs because of the frosts and snows in January, drought in April and summertime. The roof as designed and installed has really stood up to the challenges of such weather.

LU will continue to maintain all of our living roofs to maximise their potential for nature. We will also consider the possibility of living walls and roofs in new projects by incorporating them in the Project Management Framework, the processes by which we manage and deliver all projects.

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU BAP Achievements 25 Island Barn Reservoir native wildlife to flourish. A number of different habitat areas have been installed, including Around 6,800 tonnes of clay excavated from solitary bee boxes, woodpecker boxes, barn the LU Step Free Access Project at Green owl boxes, field mouse and dormouse habitats, Park station has been sent by contractor and hedgehog habitat. A reptile watering area, Tube Lines to help restore a haven for which includes an innovative reptile basking wild birds just south of the Thames at area, has also been installed. Logs from the site West Moseley in Surrey. Diverting the clay that have been felled have been stacked on-site from landfill has saved over £¼million in to provide a habitat for fungi and beetles, a landfill tax. vital food source for birds. The embankment continues to be monitored to see what else Island Barn Reservoir covers 49 hectares, moves into the area. its enclosed artificial banks have the River Ember running to its south and east and 4.4 Raising awareness the River Mole to its west and north. LU carries over 1 billion passengers each year The reservoir lies within the Borough of Stag beetle ‘loggeries’ were installed in an and, combined with around 19,000 members Elmbridge and is managed by Thames Water. adjacent grassland meadow which had already of staff, this means that LU can play a central been colonised by stag beetles. Great crested role in raising awareness of biodiversity and The site has been identified of being of newt hibernacula were also created in adjacent the ecosystem services it provides London and international importance for wintering areas to the track under a licence agreed with waterfowl and is known for rare grebes, Natural England. sea ducks and divers in winter and for waders on passage and in winter. Highgate Bats A continuous line of mature trees were maintained throughout the works at the base of The colonies of Brown Long Eared, Natterer’s embankment slopes, and once the stabilisation and Daubenton’s bats living in disused tunnels works were completed, native wildflower seed in Highgate, where work with the London Bat mix and native shrubs were used to re-establish Group has seen population levels rise ten-fold the vegetation, creating a woodland edge type since 2002–03. effect. This has provided an excellent habitat for invertebrates such as butterflies.

The establishment of a nature area between Kingsbury and Wembley Park, by our contractor Tube Lines, has allowed the development of a variety of habitats. The site has been seeded with a variety of native wildflower seeds and replanted with shrubs and trees, to enable

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU BAP Achievements 26 Londoners. To meet its second objective, LU includes categories for individual employees uses internal and external publications, such as and the public but has also been extended staff magazines and the Metro newspaper, and for community groups. These cost-effective awareness raising campaigns and competitions, competitions use new media to raise awareness not only to promote interest in the environment of London’s rich wildlife, and promote LU as but also to promote the access the Tube a means to explore and discover the Capital’s provides for visiting greenspaces in London. natural wonders. It also provides LU with an opportunity to showcase the biodiversity LU has established a strong working relationship benefits of its approach to land management. with the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds to raise awareness in London. In London Underground also provides significant 2009, LU and RSPB worked together to run access to green spaces around London. This the successful “Mind the Bird” photograph access is promoted each year through the competition. The 2010 LU-RSPB ‘Life Between Oystercatcher Bird Race, organised by Natural the Lines’ photograph and projects competition England and supported by TfL. Here teams from different organisations visit different wildlife sites and greenspaces within London, using only public transport, to spot as many bird species as possible

Within LU, the Underground in Bloom competition becomes more and more successful every year. Over 50 locations now take part with representatives from all lines. Some unexpected surprises can turn up in station gardens, such as stag beetles and slow worms and entrants are encouraged to look for opportunities to encourage wildlife and also to monitor and record wildlife sightings in their gardens. The competition actively encourages staff to consider entries which promote wildlife and habitats and reduce other environmental impacts, such as water use. London’s Capital Growth scheme, which aims to add new growing spaces in London by 2012 increasing the amount of locally grown fruit and vegetables in the city, has inspired the addition of a new Fruit and Vegetables category in the competition too.

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU BAP Achievements 27 5.1 Outline 5.2 Protected species The Underground provides excellent habitat Wide varieties of mammals, reptiles, resources over ground, not only for the wealth amphibians and invertebrate species have of flora and fauna able to flourish, but also for been recorded on London Underground’s Londoners. LU has an important job to educate property. A number have been identified as its employees and the public in a fun and protected species for which individual or interesting way, as well to continually improve group action plans have been developed. its land management practices so that the These species are bats, badgers, reptiles, biodiversity of its network increases despite stag beetles and water voles. The criteria for challenges such as climate change. Enhancing selection included: biodiversity is a vital part of being a world-class • Species has been recorded or is likely to be Tube for a world-class city. present on the LU network; • Species is included in the London Biodiversity The BAP will help manage biodiversity as LU Action Plan; and/or continue to invest in the network. It will ensure LU meets the objectives of TfL’s environment • Species receives legal protection under the Strategy objective to maintain and where national legislative framework possible enhance the quality of London’s natural environment, the LU Environmental We will continue to work with our contractors Strategy and the Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy, and biodiversity partners to: and assist in the delivery of national BAP 1. Conserve protected species and enhance targets. The new strategy actions also support protected species habitats on London the shift in ecology and habitat management Underground property by: methods to landscape-scale conservation schemes such as those developed by Natural • Maintaining records of protected species 5. LU BAP Actions BAP 5. LU England and its partners as well as the All found on LU property London Green Grid. • Providing information on the presence of protected species on LU network to LBP The following section sets out action plans and GiGL for habitats and protected species on LU’s • Protecting and enhancing protected species network, using specific measurable actions we and their habitat on London Underground will undertake, with our partners, to manage property where practical biodiversity on our property. The new BAP strategy actions will run to 2016, when any resurveying of our property needed to comply with the Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy will begin.

28 2. Increase awareness amongst our staff, customers and public of Improving project planning the presence and value of protected species found in London by: Develop and communicate Lead: LU HSQE 2012 to • Including specific elements in London Underground’s biodiversity reinstatement plans for Capital Directorate 2013 communication plan on protected species known to be present on Programme works based on habitat Support: LU Strategy the network suitability maps and Commercial • Providing LU staff with information on protected species and their Directorate and LU habitats known to be present on network Capital Programmes Directorate 5.3 Habitat conservation and enhancement Improving maintenance regime Changing management style to support landscape-scale conservation planned for areas such as the Thames and Tributaries areas of Greater Develop and communicate habitat Lead: LU HSQE 2013 to London and RSPB Futurescapes will extend and conserve priority habitats management plans for day to day Directorate 2014 in London; and help maintain the ecosystem services they provide maintenance based on habitat Support: Londoners. We plan to identify new opportunities in our investment suitability maps Maintenance projects and improve our maintenance regimes to deliver biodiversity Directorate benefits in a cost effective manner for LU.

1. To conserve, enhance and increase the quantity of priority BAP habitat on London Underground property New opportunities

Using GiGL habitat suitability maps, Lead: LU 2011 identify areas of LU property with Support: GiGL potential for enhancement For areas of LU property identified Lead: LU 2011 to as having potential for habitat 2012 enhancement, confirm and record suitability (e.g. cost, safety) for habitat enhancement Use GiGL to monitor area of priority Lead: GiGL 2012 to BAP habitat land added to LU property Support: LU 2017

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU BAP Actions 29 2. To maintain and develop the wildlife potential on current and new 5.4 Invasive species management LU buildings Unfortunately, as well as having a cornucopia of protected species, several Ensure the potential for living walls Lead: LU Capital 2011 to non-native and invasive species are also present across our network, and roofs are considered as part of Programme 2012 which out compete native species and damage our infrastructure. Plants the Project Management Framework Directorate such as Japanese Knotweed and Giant Hogweed, and pests such as Oak Processionary Moths and their larvae, are legally controlled and require Support: LU Strategy careful management to protect native flora and fauna and conserve the and Commercial integrity and biodiversity value of our property. Directorate and LU HSQE 1. To reduce Japanese Knotweed on LU property Maintain the green roofs currently Lead: TfL Group ongoing Implement standardised methodology for invasive species management on LU property Property and across all lines under LU control Facilities and Tube Lines Limited Identify and document best practice Lead: LU HSQE 2010 to management and apply to all lines Directorate 2012 3. Review LU’s Biodiversity Action Plan in 2017 under LU control Support: LU Maintenance To produce a revised Biodiversity Action Lead: LU HSQE 2017 Directorate Plan for London Underground Directorate Monitor effectiveness through Invasive Lead: LU 2011 to We will continue to: Weed Tracker Maintenance 2012 and Directorate ongoing • work with our contractors and biodiversity partners to provide our staff, Support: LU HSQE customers and public with information on BAP habitat on LU property Directorate and across London as a whole

2. Eradicate Giant Hogweed on LU property

Confirm areas of Giant Hogweed and Lead: LU HSQE 2010 to implement eradication plan Directorate 2011 Support: LU Maintenance Directorate

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU BAP Actions 30 Monitor effectiveness through Lead: LU 2011 to Actively take part in Oak Lead: LU HSQE ongoing Invasive Weed Tracker Maintenance 2012 and Processionary Moth Stakeholder Directorate during Directorate ongoing group to share best practice Support: LU treatment Support: LU HSQE Maintenance season Directorate Directorate

Keep Stakeholder group and Lead: LU ongoing 3. Work with the Forestry Commission to control Oak Processionary Forestry Commission updated with Maintenance during Moths on LU property treatment plan Directorate treatment Support: LU HSQE season Ensure best practice controls are Lead: LU HSQE 2010 to Directorate developed and implemented for Directorate 2011 and treatment of Oak Processionary Support: LU ongoing 5.5 Ecology surveys and data collection strategy Moths on LU Property Maintenance Directorate The London Underground network stretches from the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire in the West to Epping Forest in Essex in the East. It comprises Co-ordinate treatment with other Lead: LU ongoing around 400 km of track representing about 4000 hectares of land or approximately Stakeholders affected by Oak Maintenance during a tenth of the green space in the capital. Processionary Moths to improve Directorate treatment It is essential that we maintain up to date ecology information of our property effectiveness of treatment Support: LU HSQE season portfolio so that we can continue to effectively balance enhancing the biodiversity Directorate value of our property whilst running a safe and reliable train service for London. 1. Resurvey LU’s above ground property as per Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy, and record information for use by employees and contractors

Develop strategy for implementing Lead: LU HSQE 2016 LU’s next ecology surveys as per Directorate Mayor’s Strategy, in a cost effective way, for 2015–2016 Implement strategy Lead: LU HSQE 2016 Directorate Support: LU Maintenance and Capital Programme Directorates

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU BAP Actions 31 2. To maintain a good knowledge of the biodiversity value of LU property

Improve current systems used to Lead: LU HSQE 2011 record the presence of plant and Directorate animal species on LU property by Support: LU developing and maintaining a process Maintenance which will allow staff to report Directorate and presence of plant or animal species observed on LU property

We will continue to: • Develop and maintain a process to record information provided to LU by third parties • Input LU biodiversity data into GiGL database

5.6 Awareness Since 2007, we have used communication tools, such as staff magazines, competitions and our intranet site to raise awareness of biodiversity issues with our employees. We have also worked in partnership with national conservation bodies to engage with Londoners to raise awareness of biodiversity value and access to greenspaces.

We will continue to: • Increase understanding amongst our staff of the importance of biodiversity conservation in London • Work in partnership with conservation bodies to raise the profile of biodiversity conservation and its value, as well as how to access greenspaces around Greater London

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 LU BAP Actions 32 Appendix 1: Reference and useful material

DEFRA (1994) Biodiversity. The UK Action Plan HMSO

London Biodiversity Partnership (2005) Action for biodiversity. Supporting the London Biodiversity Action Plan

London Underground (2000) Biodiversity survey report

Guest, P, Jones, K E and Tovey, J. (2002). Bats in Greater London: unique evidence of a decline over 15 years. British Wildlife, 14 (1).

Mayor of London (2002) Connecting with London’s nature; The Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy Greater London Authority

Ecology Survey: Phase One SSL and BCV (2005)

Ecology Survey: Phase Two SSL and BCV (2006)

Tube Lines (2006) Phase One (plus) Survey of Tube Lines Jubilee, Northern and Piccadilly, depots and sidings

London Wildlife Trust – A Living Landscape

London Wildlife Trust – London’s Natural Values

London Wildlife Trust – Strategic Plan 2010–2015

Natural England – Identification and Development of Integrated Biodiversity Delivery Areas (IBDAs) April 2010

Defra – Making Space for Wildlife September 2010

Defra – Adapting to Climate Change March 2010

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 33 Appendix 2: Glossary

Acid grassland Acid describes the underlying usually rocky soil Biodiversity Acton A framework for achieving the conservation of composition. It is relatively species poor and Plan (BAP) biodiversity based on the targeting of resources would turn into heath if not managed towards priority habitats and species. BAPs can be prepared at a range of levels: national (e.g. the All London A multi-functional network of green UK BAP), for regional areas (e.g. London BAP), for Green Grid infrastructure and open spaces to help shape local authorities (e.g. Islington BAP) as well as for and support sustainable communities, and businesses (e.g. London Underground BAP). tackle climate change, e.g. by reducing flood risk and enhancing surface water management, Bird nest Any structure or place nest where birds lay their in London. It will provide areas for recreational eggs and hatch their young. use, promoting healthy living, as well as areas for wildlife conservation. Broadleaf woodland Broadleaf woodland is composed of trees with leaves which are not needle-like. The leaves of Ancient woodland Long-established woodland that has often different broadleaf trees come in all varieties of developed a rich plant and animal life. Ancient shapes and sizes, but tend to be flat; broad shapes woodland is defined as that known to have quite unlike the needles of conifers. Most broadleaf existed at a specific location since before trees in Britain are deciduous. This means that they 1600 AD. lose all their leaves in the autumn, remaining bare through the cold winter months until the spring, Badger sett Any structure or place which displays signs when they grow new foliage. indicating current use by a badger (these include sheds, culverts, concrete pipes, derelict Brownfield Or Open Mosaic Habitat on Previously Developed buildings, etc.). Land, is any land or premises which has previously been used or developed and is not currently in Bat roost Any structure or place which is used by bats for full use, although it may be partially occupied or shelter or protection. utilised. The land may also be vacant, derelict or contaminated. This excludes parks, recreation Biodiversity The diversity, or variety, of plants, animals and grounds, allotments and land where the remains other living things in a particular area or region. It of previous use have blended into the landscape, encompasses habitat diversity, species diversity or have been overtaken by nature conservation and genetic diversity. Biodiversity is of value in its value or amenity use and cannot be regarded as own right and has social and economic value for requiring redevelopment. human society.

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 34 Calcareous grassland Calcareous grassland is found on a chalk or Countryside and The Countryside and Rights of Way Act limestone substrate. It attracts lime-loving plants Rights of Way Act 2000 (also known as CroW) amended the such as upright brome, blue moor-grass and 2000 (CRoW) Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981. It common rockrose that do not grow in other soils. created a new statutory right of access to open country and registered common land, Channelisation Altering the natural profile or course of a modernised the rights of way system, gave watercourse, making a watercourse more greater protection to Sites of Special Scientific ‘channel’ like, through activities such as re- Interest (SSSIs), provided better management profiling or hard engineering of the banks. arrangements for Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs), and strengthened wildlife Coniferous woodland Coniferous woodland, as its name suggests, enforcement legislation. is made up predominantly of conifers. Conifer trees often having needle-like leaves, such as Cuttings Where rail tracks have been dug into the earth the familiar Christmas tree. They are usually or stone. evergreen, In other words, rather than shedding their needles all at one time in the autumn, Depots An area where trains are stabled and maintained they lose a proportion throughout the year, with and there is a Duty Manager. these being constantly replaced. As a result, they always have foliage on them. Ecologist A biologist who studies the relation between organisms and their environment. Conservation Protection, management and promotion for the benefit of wild species and habitats, as Ecosystem A community of organisms and their physical well as the human communities that use and environment interacting as an ecological unit. enjoy them. Ecosystem services Services provided by the Earth’s ecosystems Conservation The Conservation (Natural Habitats, & C.) to humanity, e.g. flood protection, improving (Natural Habitats Regulations 1994 transpose the Habitats quality of life etc. & C.) Regulations Directive into domestic legislation. They apply to 1994 England, Wales and Scotland and their territorial Embankment Long artificial mound of earth or stone at the seas up to 12 nautical miles from baseline. side of railway lines.

Coppicing The traditional form of management of much Fauna All the animal life in a particular region. broadleaved woodland in the UK. It involves Flora All the plant life in a particular region. cutting down trees and shrubs near ground level, allowing the tree to form multi-stemmed re- GLA Greater London Authority growth, and re-cutting at intervals of up to one or more decades to provide a harvest of long poles.

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 Appendix 2: Glossary 35 GiGL Greenspace Information for Greater London Habitat Audit Habitat Audits have been produced for 11 is a partnership of approx 50 organisations habitat types found in London. These audits including London Bat Group, London Natural define the habitat, describe the resource in History Society, the London Boroughs etc. London and identify the major threats and that contribute their own ecology data. This opportunities for conservation – data sources in turn makes all their data available to GiGL are listed and the rationale and limitations of subscribers, such as TfL, to use with their approach outlined. own survey information. Habitat Suitability Habitat Suitability Maps identify areas where Greater London The geographical area encompassed by the Maps priority London BAP habitats, such as acid 32 London boroughs and the City of London. grassland and heath, may be restored or increased in size because the ecological Green corridors Green corridors are relatively continuous conditions are suitable. areas of open space leading through the built environment, which may link sites to each Hibernation The torpid or resting state in which some other and to the Green Belt or Metropolitan animals pass the winter; cessation from or Open Land. They often consist of railway slowing of activity during the winter; especially embankments and cuttings, roadside verges, slowing of metabolism in some animals. canals, parks and playing fields and rivers. They may allow animals and plants to be found further Hibernacula The shelter of a hibernating animal. into the built-up area than would otherwise be HSQE Health, the case and provide an extension to the habitats Safety, Quality and Environment of the sites they join. Integrated Large areas of land identified as a priority for Habitat The natural home of any plant, and where Biodiversity biodiversity enhancement due to their existing animals feed, breed and rest. Often used in the Development Areas biodiversity interest and / or where significant wider sense, referring to major assemblages BAP delivery occurs of plants and animals found together such as Invertebrate An animal, such as an insect or mollusc that woodlands or grasslands. lacks a backbone or spinal column.

Habitat Acton Plan Action Plan providing detailed descriptions LBP London Biodiversity Partnership (HAP) for a specific type of habitat and setting out detailed actions that can be taken by a number LU London Underground of agencies in order to safeguard and enhance a habitat. Off Track Area from boundary to two metres of rails

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 Appendix 2: Glossary 36 Neutral grassland Neutral grassland grows on soils with a neutral Species Acton Plan Action Plan providing detailed descriptions of pH, and can be un- or semi-managed, moist, (SAP) a species and setting out detailed actions that or waterlogged. They can support a range of can be taken by a number of agencies in order to grasses, herbs, and wildflowers. safeguard and enhance a species.

Permanent Way Area within 2 metres of any rail. Species-poor Grasslands with relatively low plant species grassland diversity, that do not include varied species. Pollarding Pollarding is a woodland management method of encouraging lateral branches by cutting off a Species-rich Grasslands with relatively high plant species tree stem or minor branches two or three metres grassland diversity, roughly with over 30 different above ground level. The tree is then allowed to species present. re-grow after the initial cutting. Species diversity The variety and relative number of species in Project Management Processes LU uses to implement and an area Framework manage projects. TfL Transport for London Secondary woodland Woodland that has developed on a previously non-wooded site. Tree Preservation An order made under the Town and Country Order (TPO) Planning Act (1990), to preserve trees of high Sidings Area where trains are stabled or reversed. amenity value and to prevent felling or tree surgery without consent from the Local Planning Site of Nature A non-statutory site designated at local authority Authority. Conservation level for its nature conservation interest. Importance (SINC) Wildlife and The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is Countryside Act 1981 the principle mechanism for the legislative Site of Special An area of land notified under the Wildlife protection of wildlife in Great Britain. Part I gives Scientific Interest & Countryside Act 1981 as being of special protection to listed flora and fauna; Part II deals (SSSI) national nature conversation interest. Sites are with the protection of Sites of Special Scientific notified by Natural England in England. Interest (SSSI) and Part III deals with Public Rights of Way. Special Area of Sites designated under the ‘The Conservation Conservation (SAC) (Natural Habitats, & C.) Regulations, 1994 in conformance with the requirements of the EC Habitats Directive for the purpose of conserving habitats and species of European importance.

LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 Appendix 2: Glossary 37 LU Biodiversity Action Plan 2010

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