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A 'Sense of Recognition' Federica Guccini A ‘SENSE OF RECOGNITION’ NEGOTIATING NAMING PRACTICES AND IDENTITIES OF OVERSEAS CHINESE STUDENTS IN TRANSCULTURAL SOCIAL SPACES Number 12, 2017, ISSN: 2363-894 Number 12, 2017, ISSN: X GISCA Occasional Paper Series Paper GISCA Occasional GISCA Occasional Paper Series 2 GISCA OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES The GISCA Occasional Papers Series publishes the work in progress of staff and associates of the Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology (Institut für Ethnologie) at Göttingen University, as well as a selection of high-quality BA and MA theses. EDITORS Elfriede Hermann Andrea Lauser Roman Loimeier Nikolaus Schareika MANAGING EDITOR Jovan Maud ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR Jelka Günther TYPESET AND DESIGN Friedlind Riedel How to cite this paper: Guccini, Federica. 2017. A ‘Sense of Recognition’: Negotiating Naming Practices and Identities of Overseas Chinese Students in Transcultural Social Spaces. GISCA Occasional Paper Series, No. 12. Göttingen: Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology. DOI: 10.3249/2363-894X-gisca-12 This paper was originally submitted as a MA thesis to the Faculty of Social Sciences, Georg-August University, Göttingen, 2017. It was supervised by Prof. Dr. Elfriede Hermann and Dr. Jovan Maud. © 2017 by the author This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 ISSN: 2363-894X DOI: 10.3249/2363-894X-gisca-12 Title page image: The informal award which Siyang, a Chinese intern, was given by her American co-workers for introducing herself as Amy on the phone. Göttingen Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology Theaterstr. 14 37073 Göttingen Germany +49 (0)551 - 39 27892 [email protected] www.uni-goettingen.de/GISCA GISCA Occasional Paper Series, No. 12, 2017, ISSN: 2363-894X GISCA Occasional Paper Series 3 CONTENTS Introduction 6 2. Fieldwork and Methodology 8 2.1 Tentative Beginnings: Meeting ‘Joyce’ 8 2.2 A Reflection on the ‘Field’: A Stranger at Home and at Home as a Stranger? 8 2.3 Methodology: Data Collection 11 2.4 Methodology: Analysis 13 3. Moving Through (Social) Space: Anthropological Framework 15 3.1 International Student Mobility and the Transnational Lens 15 3.2 Agentic Positioning in Transcultural Social Spaces 17 4. Concepts in Motion: Negotiations of Identities and Names 20 4.1 Identity Concepts in Anthropology 20 4.2 The Anthropology of Naming: Labelled Identities? 21 4.3 Transcultural Dynamics and Pluralities of Names and Identities 24 4.3.1 Navigating New Social Spaces: Transcultural Identities 24 4.3.2 Locating Names in Translanguaging Space 25 5. From Fortune to Meaning: Chinese Naming Customs 29 5.1 Chinese Name Structure 29 5.2 Chinese Naming Practices 31 5.3 A Trend towards Unique Names? 35 6. Negotiating Chineseness in Transcultural Social Spaces 38 6.1 Transnational Chineseness: Being Chinese, Being 华人 (huárén) 38 6.2 China’s Position in International Student Mobility 42 6.3 Transcultural Encounters: Chinese Students on Campus 43 7. At the Transcultural Crossroads of Migration, Identities and Names 46 7.1 Dynamics of Chinese Names in Non-Chinese Spaces 46 7.1.1 ‘My Name Spelt in Latin Letters’: Abstracting the Chinese Name 46 7.1.2 ‘How Do You Even Say This Name?’ – Why Names Are Added to the Mix 49 7.2 Best English Names? The Know-How of Choosing an International Name 52 7.2.1 ‘She Changed Her Name to Marcy’: Chinafying the Transcultural Name Game 52 7.2.2 Having to ‘Deal With “Water” In Your Office’: Discourses of Discomfort and Assertion 55 GISCA Occasional Paper Series, No. 12, 2017, ISSN: 2363-894X GISCA Occasional Paper Series 4 7.3 Between Agency and Ambiguity, Assertion and Adaption 58 7.3.1 ‘My Name Should Be Unique’: Agentic Uses of Names 58 7.3.2 ‘You Can Call Me Catherine If You Want’: Ambiguous Introductions 61 7.4 Transcultural Balancing Acts of Negotiating Names and Identities 62 7.4.1 ‘Oh, She’s Asian’: Preconceptions of Names and Cultural Expectations 62 7.4.2 ‘I’m a Cindy’: Clashing Discourses of ‘Real’ Names 64 7.4.3 ‘This Name Means Me’: Contrasting Names, Negotiating Meaning 67 7.4.4 ‘I’m All Those Things at Once’: Multiple Names and Identities in Transcultural Worlds 70 8. Conclusion 72 References 75 GISCA Occasional Paper Series, No. 12, 2017, ISSN: 2363-894X GISCA Occasional Paper Series 5 Federica Guccini A ‘SENSE OF RECOGNITION’: NEGOTIATING NAMING PRACTICES AND IDENTITIES OF OVERSEAS CHINESE STUDENTS IN TRANSCULTURAL SOCIAL SPACES. ABSTRACT Working with several anthropological theories of migration, identification and language, this paper aims to shed light on negotiations of Chinese naming practices in transcultural social spaces. Many Chinese youths studying abroad acquire international names in addition to their Chinese birth names that they use in different situations. The author argues that name choices are deliberate decisions, tied to a great amount of self-awareness and agency, as well as identification processes and positionalities in social space. Moreover, ‘Chineseness’ plays an important role even in the adoption of Chinese-international names, as inherently Chinese naming practices often contribute to the name choice. The research results show that names will be used contingently in different social spaces, and most often with the goal to create a ‘sense of recognition’ – the wish for an identity, or a multiplicity of identities, to be visible through the name. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll mit mehreren ethnologischen Migrations-, Identifikations- und Sprachtheorien über Verhandlungen chinesischer Namensgebungspraxen in transkulturellen sozialen Räumen Aufschluss geben. Viele junge Chines_innen, die im Ausland studieren, legen sich zusätzlich zu ihrem chinesischen Geburtsnamen auch internationale Namen zu, die in unterschiedlichen Situationen Anwendung finden. Die Autorin argumentiert, dass die Namenswahl eine bedachte Entscheidung ist, die an Selbstwahrnehmung und Agency sowie an Identifikationsprozesse und Positionierungen im sozialen Raum geknüpft ist. Außerdem spielt „Chinesischsein“ eine wichtige Rolle in der Zulegung eines chinesisch-internationalen Namens, da chinesische Namensgebungspraxen oft zur Wahl des Namens beitragen. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Namen oft situationsbedingt in verschiedenen sozialen Räumen verwendet werden sowie mit dem Ziel, ein „Gefühl des Wiedererkennens“ herzustellen – den Wunsch, dass eine Identität, oder multiple Identitäten, durch den Namen sichtbar werden. GISCA Occasional Paper Series, No. 12, 2017, ISSN: 2363-894X GISCA Occasional Paper Series 6 INTRODUCTION 想要好命，先有好名. Xiǎng yào hǎo mìng, xiān yǒu hǎo míng. 1) If you want to be fortunate, you need a good name first. (Chinese proverb At first glance, the thought of needing a good name in order to live a fortunate life seems unsound. However, Chinese naming practices have many implications for a person’s social life and future, as names are picked in accordance with long-established guidelines, values and virtues as well as social networks. While these practices are explicitly Chinese, this does not mean that they stay within contexts of Chinese language and culture. In the light of increasingly mobile academic education, many Chinese students consider spending time abroad, blurring the lines between cultural and linguistic social spaces. The stretch between familiar and new social environments requires a continuous negotiation of identities. This process might include complex strategies of simplified communication and adaptation, such as adopting an internationally usable name – a name that is not necessarily excluded from the above-cited proverb’s message as it adheres to conventions similar or even identical to naming practices concerning Chinese names. It is indeed quite common among Chinese students who study overseas to acquire an international name, though variations are a given. Many have at least once in their life had one of these names, most often an English one. Some switch back and forth between their Chinese and non-Chinese name, depending on the situation at hand. Others even have multiple non-Chinese names that they use in different situations. But a lot of Chinese students also deliberately choose to go solely by their Chinese name, not using additional names at all. All of these choices show a high amount of agency, pragmatism and awareness of current transcultural social spaces. However, Chinese students’ names are under constant discursive scrutiny, which influences interpersonal and transcultural negotiations of values, purposes, meanings and embedded identities of both Chinese and non-Chinese names. This thesis aims to discuss how Chinese students negotiate their names in respect to their identities and prevalent discourses in transcultural social spaces, and what purposes the adoption or rejection of international names can serve in these contexts. It highlights the1 way Chinese students position themselves in regards to their identities and in I thank my friend Qián, who participated in this study as an interviewee, for providing me with this pro- verb and helping me transcribe and translate it accurately. GISCA Occasional Paper Series, No. 12, 2017, ISSN: 2363-894X GISCA Occasional Paper Series 7 relation to others by using a certain name. Throughout, multiple challenges rooted in the identificatory nature of names will be addressed, such as the varied (cultural) expectations in transcultural environments, the importance of Chineseness for identification and naming practices, as well
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