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International Journal of Current Advanced Research ISSN: O: 2319-6475, ISSN: P: 2319-6505, Impact Factor: 6.614 Available Online at www.journalijcar.org Volume 7; Issue 4(F); April 2018; Page No. 11681-11684 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2018.11684.2029 Research Article THE AKALI STRUGGLE AT THREE IMPORTANT HISTORICAL GURDWARAS Dilbag Singh* Department of History, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT The Akali Movement from 1920 to 1925 has occupied a very important place not only in Article History: the Sikh history but also in the regional and national history. The management of th Received 13 January, 2018 Gurdwaras and misuse of their property by Mahants became the immediate cause of th Received in revised form 24 agitation. The Sikhs made great sacrifices for the construction, maintenance and protection th February, 2018 Accepted 9 March, 2018 of the Gurdwaras. Peaceful agitation was adopted by Akalis as a weapon to fight the vested th Published online 28 April, 2018 interests in Sikh Shrines. This weapon proved very effective. The Akalis were supposed to take the oath that they would not resort to violence. True spirit of non-violence of Akalis was most striking feature of the Akali Movement. The Akali struggle directed against the Key words: priests, mahants and other vested interests in the Sikh shrines and consequently against the Mahants, Jathas, Akali, Gurdwara, Government. British imperialism was one of the most powerful movement of the modern India. The Akali Movement was stopped in 1925, when Sikh Gurdwaras and Shrines Bill (The Sikh Gurdwara Act VIII of 1925) was passed on 28th July 1925. -
Proud of Sikh Heritage
Citation of Qaumi Seva Award presented to Prime Minister Narendra Modi by SGPC on the historic occasion of the inauguration of Sri Kartarpur Sahib corridor on 9th November, 2019 QAUMI SEVA AWARD On the auspicious occasion of 550th Prakash Purab of Sachey Patshah Satguru (True Emperor True Teacher) Nanak Dev Ji Maharaj, the Sikh Qaum (community) has been blessed by Akal Purakh (Eternal Entity) and the great Guru Sahibs on this historic occasion; the daily prayers of all the sangat (Congregation), belonging to every nook and corner of the world for decades are being accepted in the Dargah of Akal Purakh (The Almighty God’s Court). As a result and as a first step, a corridor connecting Dera Baba Nanak Sahib and the shrines of Guru Nanak Patshah’s life at Kartarpur Sahib (Pakistan) has been opened for the sangat. On the 550th birth anniversary of Satguru Sachey Patshah Ji, what greater divine gift could the Sikh Sangat have received than for a head of the country to become the Messiah and show political, administrative and diplomatic courage for fulfilling this wish of the Sikh community. It is only by the grace of the Guru that the joy of opening of this corridor of faith, belief and love for humanity has been bestowed upon the person, who himself is deeply in love with Sikhism and greatly devoted to the Guru’s feet. An example of this devotion is the unparalleled contribution of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in celebrating the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Maharaj, including the opening of Sri Kartarpur Sahib corridor and making Sultanpur Lodhi, the first karambhumi of Guru Sahib, a state-of-the- art smart city. -
Gurdwara Guidelines
Gurdwara Guidelines Darbar Sahib (The overall Responsibility of the Darbar Sahib Management Committee) • Parkaash in the morning and Suhaassan in the evening • All prayers to be conducted by the Granthi/Jatha unless specified by MC • Gurdwara programs start with recitation of Gurbani, followed by Kirtan. • Various Gurbani Paths are done each Sunday – refer to separate Paath list. KIRTAN: • Kirtan times are 10.00 am -11.45 am on Sundays and 6:30 pm – 7:45 pm on all other days unless otherwise specified by the Committee. • Kirtan is followed by Anand Sahib, Ardaas and Hukam Naama • The local / Sangat Kirtan singers to be allocated time by DSM • If the family hosting the Langgar has a special request, they must discuss with the DSM • The last half hour of the program is allocated to the Resident Granthi/Jatha • Program to be finished within the allocated times ARDAAS: • To be done by the Resident Granthi only, unless otherwise specified by MC • Ardaas is according to the Rehat Maryada - no repetitions & unnecessary additions • Only the name of the family sponsoring the program of the day is to be read out unless requested due to special circumstances. • No monetary donations will be announced in the Ardas. • A DSM member to collect Ardaas list from Treasurer and provide to Granthi and a list with the donations to the Secretary for announcements. LANGGAR • Families hosting the function on Sunday are requested to obtain the Langgar ingredient list from the Kitchen committee Sewadaar. • Preparation for Sunday Langgar takes place on the Saturday at a time nominated by the host family. -
Adi Sakhis Tradition, Closing Declaration 107–108
INDEX Adi Sakhis tradition, closing declaration Asad, Talal 59 107–108 Assamese Vaiṣṇava tradition 116, 126–127, aesthetic emotion 202 152 ahiṃsā (non-violence) 272, 274–275, 279, in Kāmākhyā Nām 145–146 281, 286–287 Nām in 126–127 as religious identity 286–287 Śākta Tantra in 127–128 Air India disaster 230 use of mantra in 127 Akali Dal 31 Austin, J. L. Akal Takhat (‘Immortal Throne’) 32 How To Do Things With Words 189 Akhand Kirtani Jatha 34–37, 43 avaktavya (‘yes no’ or ‘true false’) 63–64 Albanese, Catherine 176 Ayyappan Temple 238 Ambedkar, B. R. 256 Azusa Street Revival 253 American Academy of Religion (AAR) xxi Buddhism Section 20–21 Baba Dayal 39–40 development of South Asian Studies at Hukam-nama (‘Book of Ordinances’) 19–21 39 Hinduism Group 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 Baba Hindal 104 Jain Consultation 20 Babbar Khalsa 36 range of approaches and lenses 21–22 Babha, Homi 56 Religion in Modern India Group 18 Baird, Robert 16, 17, 18 Religion in South Asia (RISA) 18–19, Bakheng (Cambodia) 79 21, 22 Bala Janam-Sakhi 103, 104 Sikh Studies Consultation 20 Balak Singh, Baba 40 Amin, Idi 236 Ballantyne, Tony 178 amrit ceremony 35, 38–39 Bayly, Susan 250 Ananda Marriage Act 30, 40 Saints, Goddesses, and Kings 256–257 Anandapur Sahib Resolution 229 beauty anekāntavāda (‘no one view’) 50, 59, in theosophy 201 60–61, 64 Beldio, Patrick 219 as counteranthropologising strategy Bell, Catherine 184 60–65 Bell, Clive 202 ironising critique of 64–65 Bergunder, Michael 253 as perspectivalism 61–63 Besant, Annie 196, 196n5 Angkor Wat (Cambodia) 68, 79–81 Besant, Annie and Charles W. -
Kundalini Yoga in Mexico
yoga & health10 DECADES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MEDICINE DISCOVERS MEDITATION KUNDALINI YOGA HEALS 4 CAPE TOWN WOMEN 5 THINGS TO FORGIVE IN YOUR LIFE HEALING AYURVEDIC CUISINE THE HEALING POWER OF INTENTION PRESORTED S T A N D A R D U S P O S T A G E PAID ESPANOLA, NM PERMIT NO. 934 Volume 5 Number 4 July/August 2006 July.AT.6.indd 1 6/6/06 2:30:28 PM uplifting flavor 7(/,,9(5-!.*!- *OUFSOBUJPOBM,VOEBMJOJ:PHB5FBDIFST"TTPDJBUJPO "OOVBM5FBDIFST4VNNJU %ACHONEOFYOUMUSTRISEUP &ONDJOUAN &RANCE )AMGRATEFULTOHAVEFOUNDTHIS ANDFULlLLYOURROLEINTHESTORY *ULY EXTRAORDINARYFAMILYOFBEAUTIFUL %ACHONEOFYOUISASAINT&ROM SOULS BRINGINGTHETEACHINGSOF YOURSOULSTHISSPIRITUALNATION -EXICO#ITY -EXICO 9OGI"HAJANTOTHEWORLD HASCOME4OMINTTOMORROW .OVEMBER -ELINDA(ESS .EW-EXICOn)+94! ANDGETRIDOFSORROW 9OUALL 4EACHER#ONFERENCE MUSTUNITEASONE 5NLEASHINGOUR#OLLECTIVE 9OGI"HAJAN 7ISDOMAND"UILDINGOUR 'LOBAL#OMMUNITY )MAGINEALLTHE+UNDALINI9OGA 4EACHERSINYOURAREAWORKINGTOGETHER NEWOPPORTUNITIESOPENINGUPFORALL TEAMWORKHASMEGA MULTIPLIEDTHE IMPACTOF+UNDALINI9OGAINYOUR COMMUNITYTEACHERSFEELELEVATEDAND INCLUDED ABLETOSHARETHEIRGIFTSAND SUPPORTEACHOTHERWORLDWIDE!LLTHIS ANDMOREISPOSSIBLE s0RACTICEWITHYOURPEERSANDCOLLECTIVELY VIBRATEINTHESACREDTEACHINGSAS TAUGHTBY9OGI"HAJAN The enchanting Yogi Tea medley of green tea and spearmint, s%NGAGEINAPROCESSOFAUTHENTIC peppermint, and lemongrass will invigorate your body and soul. COMMUNICATIONANDCOLLABORATION &ORREGISTRATIONOR MOREINFORMATION Begin your journey at www.yogitea.com with a FREE SAMPLE. Savor the Journey s#REATEOURFUTURETOGETHERBYCLARIFYING -
The Institution of the Akal Takht: the Transformation of Authority in Sikh History
religions Article The Institution of the Akal Takht: The Transformation of Authority in Sikh History Gurbeer Singh Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] Abstract: The Akal Takht is considered to be the central seat of authority in the Sikh tradition. This article uses theories of legitimacy and authority to explore the validity of the authority and legitimacy of the Akal Takht and its leaders throughout time. Starting from the initial institution of the Akal Takht and ending at the Akal Takht today, the article applies Weber’s three types of legitimate authority to the various leaderships and custodianships throughout Sikh history. The article also uses Berger and Luckmann’s theory of the symbolic universe to establish the constant presence of traditional authority in the leadership of the Akal Takht. Merton’s concept of group norms is used to explain the loss of legitimacy at certain points of history, even if one or more types of Weber’s legitimate authority match the situation. This article shows that the Akal Takht’s authority, as with other political religious institutions, is in the reciprocal relationship between the Sikh population and those in charge. This fluidity in authority is used to explain and offer a solution on the issue of authenticity and authority in the Sikh tradition. Keywords: Akal Takht; jathedar; Sikh institutions; Sikh Rehat Maryada; Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC); authority; legitimacy Citation: Singh, Gurbeer. 2021. The Institution of the Akal Takht: The 1. Introduction Transformation of Authority in Sikh History. Religions 12: 390. https:// The Akal Takht, originally known as the Akal Bunga, is the seat of temporal and doi.org/10.3390/rel12060390 spiritual authority of the Sikh tradition. -
Vicissitudes of Gurdwara Politics
ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 Vicissitudes of Gurdwara Politics YOGESH SNEHI Vol. 49, Issue No. 34, 23 Aug, 2014 Yogesh Snehi ([email protected]) is a fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla. The demand of the Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee to oversee the functioning of gurdwaras represents the legitimate aspirations of the Sikhs of Haryana and more significantly, inversion against almost absolute hegemony of SAD over the management of Sikh shrines through Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. The situation over the formation of Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (HSGPC) and the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) dominated Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee’s (SGPC) opposition to it, has entered into a confrontational stage endangering the peace and harmony in the region. Despite the enactment of the Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Act 2014, the SGPC has refused to vacate the gurdwaras in Haryana for HSGPC. While Gurdwara Chhevin Patshahi at Kurukshetra becomes the centre-stage for a long-drawn battle, HSGPC has taken possession of six gurdwaras in the state (Sedhuraman 2014).[1] After clashes between the supporters of SGPC and HSGPC, the Supreme Court has ordered maintenance of status-quo and postponed the next hearing for 25 August 2014. This recent controversy has its roots both in the movement for gurdwara reforms (1920s), which sought to purge Sikhism from the polluting effects of non-Sikh practices, as well as the reorganisation of Punjab province in 1966. It also raises some fundamental issues about the residue of colonialism in the 21st century India. Historicising Gurdwara Reform More than nine decades ago in 1921, Punjab was embroiled in a controversy over misuse of the premises of Gurdwara Janam Asthan at Nankana Sahib (now in Pakistan) for narrow self-interests by the hereditary custodian Udasi Mahant Narain Das who was a Sehajdari Sikh (Yong 1995: 670).[2] Mahants had traditionally inherited the custodianship of most gurdwaras since pre-colonial Punjab[3] and had allegedly started behaving like sole proprietors. -
GURU RAM DAS GURU (This Mantra Has the Power to Take You Through Any of Life's Challenges)
Welcome Home! Bienvenido a casa! Bienvenue chez vous! Bem-vindo a casa! Добро пожаловать Главная Welcome to 3HO's 2015 Summer Solstice Sadhana Celebration! This guide book gives you Wilkommen zu Hause! all the information you need to feel at home during the days we are here together. Summer Solstice on the sacred land of Guru Ram Das Puri is an intertwining of several Benvenuti ancient yogic traditions: Kundalini Yoga, Karma Yoga (selless service), Naad Yoga (sound a casa! current), and White Tantric Yoga®—providing you with extraordinary opportunities to heal, connect, elevate, serve and expand. The Solstice Sadhana Celebrations and teachings they offer are part of the legacy of Yogi Bhajan, who dedicated his life to the creation of a healthy, happy, holy humanity. “Summer Solstice Sadhana is not a joke, it's not a festival, it's nothing but a pure relationship of self and the soul, and it's my wish that you should create this bond, this relationship ever and ever and stronger and stronger. Sat Nam.” -Yogi Bhajan TABLE OF CONTENTS PROGRAM INFORMATION Stuff You Need to Know........................................................................4 Code of Conduct & Security Info .........................................................8 The Third Sutra Theme & Meditation ................................................ 10 Sadhana Schedule ................................................................................ 12 Class Schedule ..................................................................................... 13 Class Descriptions -
Singapore's Early Sikh Pioneers
SINGAPORE’S EARLY SIKH PIONEERS Origins, Settlement, Contributions and Institutions RISHPAL SINGH SIDHU CENTRAL SIKH GURDWARA BOARD SINGAPORE Singapore’s Early Sikh Pioneers: Origins, Settlement, Contributions and Institutions Rishpal Singh Sidhu Compiler & Editor CENTRAL SIKH GURDWARA BOARD SINGAPORE Front Cover Photo: A collage of the seven Sikh Gurdwaras and Singapore Khalsa Association in Singapore Back Cover Photo: A collage of some of Singapore’s Early Sikh Pioneers Copyright, Central Sikh Gurdwara Board, Singapore, 2017 ISBN: 978-981-09-4437-7 Printed by: Khalsa Printers Pte Ltd, Singapore DEDICATION Dedicated to Sikh youth in Singapore in the fervent belief they will build on the achievements and contributions of their forebears for a better and brighter tomorrow. OUR SPONSOR Central Sikh Gurdwara Board would like to express their heartfelt thanks to our Patron, S. Naranjan Singh Brahmpura for sponsoring the cost of publishing this book. Naranjan Singh Brahmpura Patron Central Sikh Gurdwara Board Singapore Khalsa Association Trustee Singapore Sikh Education Foundation Sikh Welfare Council Past President Central Sikh Gurdwara Board Sri Guru Singh Sabha CONTENTS Foreword 6 Preface 7 Acknowledgements 8 Fast forward 9 1 Introduction 11 2 Singapore’s first Sikh 15 3 Sikh migration to Singapore: Phases and patterns 21 4 Early Sikh settlers in Singapore 31 5 Sikhs in the British Naval Base 39 6 Establishment of Gurdwaras, Sikh Advisory Board and other Sikh institutions 43 7 Sikh soldiers involvement in the defense of Singapore in World War II and civilian life during the Japanese Occupation 97 8 Early Sikh pioneers and their contributions to nation building 109 9 Colonial Singapore’s first Sikh politician 155 10. -
Gaining Authority and Legitimacy: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and the Golden Temple C. 1920–2000 by Gurveen Kaur K
Gaining Authority and Legitimacy: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and the Golden Temple c. 1920–2000 by Gurveen Kaur Khurana A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) in The University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Farina Mir, Co-Chair Professor Mrinalini Sinha, Co-Chair Associate Professor William Glover Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Gurveen Kaur Khurana [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5452-9968 © Gurveen Kaur Khurana 2019 DEDICATION To Samarth, Ozzie and Papa ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is only a part of the journey that began more than ten years ago, and there are many that have made it possible for me to get here. I would like to take this opportunity to thank them for their support along the way. My greatest debt is to my dissertation advisors Mrinalini Sinha and Farina Mir. Mrinalini has supported me through out and has always been a source of intellectual support and more. She has allowed me the freedom to grow and gain from her vast knowledge, while being patient with me finding my way. There are no words that can express my gratitude to her for all that she has done. Farina Mir’s rigor sets high standards for us all and will guide my way over the years. The rest of my committee, Webb Keane, William Glover and Paul Johnson have all been wonderful with their time and support through this dissertation writing. My deepest thanks also to Dilip Menon, Shahid Amin, Sunil Kumar and Neeladri Bhattacharya for the early intellectual training in historical thinking and methodology. -
The Sikhs 1718 – 1801
The Sikhs 1716-1801 September 10, 2018 by dedidated Sewadars of Sri Hemkunt Foundation Inc. Introduction It is important for everyone, especially the youth to know about the present times to prepare oneself for the future. It is equally important to know how we got here, be it culturally, religiously, politically, economically etc. knowing the history provides one with the bearings to navigate the world. As for as the Sikh history is concerned, it can be divided into following distinct periods of time. Period Details Pre 1469 Before Prakash (birth) of Guru Nanak Dev ji 1469 - 1708 Guru period 1708 - 1716 Baba Banda Bahadur 1716 - 1801 Misl Period 1801 - 1849 Sikh Raaj Maharaja Ranjit Singh 1849 - 1947 Under British Rule 1947 - present Since independence of India There is plenty of literature available regarding Sikh history for various periods of time except for 1716-1801. An attempt has been made to provide details for this link. Hopefully, youth will find it useful. 1 Index 1 Diwan Darbara Singh 1721 - 1734 Page 3 2 Nawab Kapur Singh 1726 - 1753 6 3 Jassa Singh Ahluwalia 1718 - 1783 9 4 Sukha Singh 1707 - 1751 15 5 Jassa Singh Ramgarhia 1723 - 1803 18 6 Sardar Baghel Singh xxxx - 1802 22 7 Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa 1791 - 1837 25 8 Akali Phoola Singh 1761 - 1832 28 The Sikhs Vs Mughal/Afghan 1716 - 1801 31 Rulers 2 1. Darbara Singh Baba Banda Singh Bahadur was martyred on June 9, 1716. After this, life for Sikhs continued to be more and more difficult. The governor of Lahore, Daler Jang, created army patrols whose mission was to hunt down the Sikhs. -
S. S. Johar Preface
Dro ,. s. s. Johar Preface This is the story of the Sikh Struggle after Guru Gobind Singh left his mortal coil in 1708. This was the most critical period in the history of the Sikhs. During the period they had to make many sacrifices and were ultimately able to retain the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Though the Sikhs had to pass through the difficult period pley produced such dynamic and dashing men of courage like Banda Bahadur, Nawab Kapur Singh, Jassa Singh Ahaluwalia, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, Baghel Singh, Baba Deep Singh and Ranjit Singh. They were fearless people who had only welfare of the Panth in their minds and they laid down their lives for a poble cause. I have spent ten long years to complete this momentous work, and now I hope that the present generation will learn lesson from the deeds of these brave and courageous people. This is the time when our new generation should be told about the heroic deeds of Sikh generals of this period whose only aim was to save Sikhism from extinction. Sikh history would have been different if these dashing and fearless people did not appear on the scene. Sikhism is once again faced with the crisis of identity; its very existence is threatened and unless such noble souls appear on the scene, the Sikh individuality will grow astray and the great religion will only remain in the pages of history. Let the new generation learn from the heroic deeds of these heroes to remain united like a brave nation and work for the service of mankind.