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The Cromwell Association 1984-85 ·CROMWELL's DAY the Cromwell Association the Address Delivered by Dr Maurice Ashley, C:B.E., Past-President

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The Cromwell Association 1984-85 ·CROMWELL's DAY the Cromwell Association the Address Delivered by Dr Maurice Ashley, C:B.E., Past-President :.t ~ The Cromwell Association 1984-85 ·CROMWELL'S DAY The Cromwell Association The address delivered by Dr Maurice Ashley, C:B.E., Past-President. of the Association, at the Annual Commemoration Service, 3 September, 1984 President: Professor IVAN ROOTS M.A., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. Vice-Presidents: THE LORD CARADON OF ST CLEER .When, in 1653, Oiiver Cromwell J:>ecame Lord Protector of England, Mr MAURICE ASHLEY. C.B.E .. B.A., D.Phil. LADY (DINGLE) FOOT Scotland and Ireland, he was a comparatively young man; in Dr E.S. DE BEER. M.A., D.Litt., F.S.A. ~ontrast to ChurchiJI, Adenauer, de Gaulle, Franco or Reagan, all Miss HILARY PLATT, B.A. of whom were beads .of_state jn their seventies or eighties. Oliver Chairman: Mr TREWIN COPPLESTONE had two s¢rious mnesses before he :bec.ame Protector and the strain Joint Hon. Secretaries: Mr E. GOODMAN upon him·o(tbe offic<e w~s obvious. He n9t only had to supervise the 4 Thackery Manor, Sutton, Surrey p~y-t.o~day .govemment .of three ~ountries, butto negotiate with Miss P. BARNES fQrejgn, amtmssa..cl.or.s a..n<;l ~a,i,nt~jn c_Qfl.(act witli fqr~ign~ sovereigns. Gosswell Cottage, Northedge, Tupton, Chesterfield . He made .fong ~pe.ecbe§~to tQre~·P1!di~ip.·epts_; -an~l he was also Hon. Treasurer: Mr JOHN WESTMACOTI ' commander-il!·c6ie(9ire~tjqg large appi.es. ~rid n_~vie~. Naturally · 1 Salisbury Close, Wokingham, Berks mu~h'.of tltis .wo_rk,c;9ul(f .be .delegated; butrhis \y!l~.the ultimate. Hon. Editor of Cromwelliana 1;esponsibility for only qf State-:- Professor IVAN ROOTS, M.A., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. e\f~ry!hi~g._He.had 9n~ ~~£r~tary . fortun;jt<;<ly tbe hard:-workj_ngJobQ Thurloe. · . .. .. .. THE CROMWELL ASSOCIATION WAS founded in 1935 by the late Rt. ·.. Jt is constructive to refl.e~t on the requirenierits ()f t!Je two. written Hon. Isaac Foot and others to commemorate Oliver Cromwell, the great cqnstitl1tions by wbjcp CromwelJ. gqverne(,i. The first -<~he Instru­ Puritan statesman, and to encourage the study of the history of his times, his achievements and influence. It is neither political nor sectarian, its aims being ment ,of (Joyernment ofJ(j5~ :- provided tl;iat the Protect()r should essentially historical. The Association seeks to advance its aims in a variety of with the advice and conse11tof his Council pf~tate QOl~ correspon­ ways which have included: Mnce. with fox;eign kiqg5, p:rinces. and. states. and 'also w,ith the consent.Qf the major.part c>f:l1is Col111cil liave tl).e po~er. of war a.nd (a) the erection ofcommemorative tablets (e.g. at Naseby, Dunbar, Worcester, Preston etc.). (From time to time appeals are made for funds to pay for peace'. ~in~ the secqnd constitl!tipn - the, .Humble· ~etition and projects of this sort); A(fvice of 1657 - it. was Jaicl c1own that th~: sta,ndigg forces of the (b) helping to establish the Cromwell Museum in the Old Grammar School Commonwealth_ were to be. <;lisposeq of by the Protect<;>r with the at Huntingdon; consent of the .two Houses of Parliament (the Com~on; a~d 'the (c) holding two annual meetings, one the now traditional Memorial Service by the Statue outside the Houses of Parliament; the other a business Oth~r: Ho~~e·~ ~nd i~.the intervals of P~Iiaments by the ~dvice of meeting at which the Council presents a report on its year's work for ·tbe -Pl-ivy Co.~n_cH( as. tb~ CouO:c;il 9f St~t~ va,a.6eci;me) .:.A~~ _in ea~h discussion by members. At both meetings an Address is given by a cons_tjtuti!:m·the.size Qfh(s revenue was_prescri.l?~d--.~· . ". '. ' . distinguished Cromwellian; ( d) producing an annual publication Cromwelliana which is free to members; · lil the_ U11ites;l .State.s qf A.merjca, ·which, like the Cromwellian (e) awarding an annual prize for an essay on a Cromwellian theme; r.rote.~tor~(e, ts,goveroed unc;ler.a -wri(ten.c_onst}iution: the second (f) maintaining a small reference library for the use of member; article. proyides. tl~at the executive power shall be .exercised by the (g) supporting the formation of local groups of paid-up members of the f:>resideot; that he shall be comm!lnder-tn-chief of the army and Association meeting for study or social purposes; (h) acting as a 'lobby' at both national and local levels whenever aspects or vavy .af1d ·~hat he c~n make treatNs with the a,pproval of two-thirds items of our Cromwellian heritage appear to be endangered. ofthe Senate .. So th.erejs certainly~ rri.arke<J similarity between the dl!ties ppde"rtakep. by QJiyer <;::romwell under.a written constitution All enquiries about the Library should be addressed to: Cromwell Association (Library) c/o Mr Trewin Copplestone, and tliose. assigneg tqJhe :Presideµt of the United State.s by the 3, Brook Green Studios, Dunsany Road, London W14 OJP indut(ng ¢onstitutiop drawQ -up in Philaqelphia in 1787. No-one 'denies.that. ttie Unite_d S~at~s '\yas and is a republic: Oqe can thex;e- · .fore m::gue .tbat.t!!Jd~r .C.rnmweJt Eng!al}c;i, ~Scotla11d and ~reland l'rintcd in Great Britain by .. :formed a single ryp.11t>ljc~ .,c. .,, ~ . "· '.->hrn t R1111 PrD~ Ltd., Exeter The members of the Protectorate parliaments when they met imposed on poor men who could not pay their debts. This sort of could be extremely obstreperous. Many were not grea ti y interested reform lay close to Cromwell's heart. He once said: 'the Jaw as it is in the welfare of the country at large. Essentially they were now constituted serves only to maintain the lawyers and to en­ constitution-mongers. The republicans among them claimed that courage the rich to oppress the poor'. But he had neither the time Oliver had abandoned the Good Old Cause. But they were not nor the opportunity to reform the law as he would have liked. In any themselves democrats. Their ideal rather was an aristocratic or case his republican opponents in parliament were more enthusiastic Platonic republic - a government of wise men (like themselves): the about hamstringing the Protectorate than about achieving reforms sort of government indeed of which Alexander Hamilton would of any kind. have approved. Before the Protectorate was established, in the Whatever reforms Cromwell failed to bring about- and we must Rump Parliament - what you might call a select assembly - these remember that at that time reform was not thought to be the essence dedicated republicans were not very successful in carrying out of government - and whatever political difficulties he may have necessary reforms, or in providing a settlement or maintaining failed to overcome, in his brief spell of office he succeeded in order: and after Cromwell's death they promoted an anarchy which maintaining law and order, in upholding liberty of conscience and of ironically led to the restoration of the Stuarts in 1660. thou.ght and laid the f~undations of the first British Empire. In this Looking back, then, to the situation of some 330years ago it is sad and m so much else Oliver Cromwell proved himself indeed a great to think that in Oliver Cromwell's last years he was unable to come man. to terms with his two parliaments chiefly because a small number of theoretical republicans condemned him as being a dictator. In modern terms he was certainly no dictator. So far as I know, he only overruled his Council of State once: that WMJ when he wanted it to agree to the readmission of the Jews who had been expelled from England in the Middle Ages. Another comparison that can be made between Cromwell's Protectorate and the Presidency of the United States is that very few Presidents, except Franklin D. Roosevelt, have been able to carry out striking reforms during their first terms of office. It has often been claimed that Cromwell did nothing constructive or enduring during his five years as Lord Protector. However, four things at least spring to mind. One was the ordinances for ensuring that ministers in the loose national church were competent and fit for their offices. Cromwell was more concerned about the moral and pastoral quality of the clergy than about the precise nature of the theology they preached. This meant in effect that there was more religious toleration in Cromwellian England than had ever existed before. Consequently nonconformity was so strongly entrenched that it could not be destroyed at or after the Restoration. Another ordinance provided for a political union of England and Scotland, which James VI and I had so much desired. This lapsed at the Restoration and the union would not be completed for another fifty years but a start had been made. Then Cromwell accepted the first act of parliament that established a national postal service, which if not quicker, was somewhat more reliable than it is today. There was also the ordinance that modified the absurdly severe penalties ' 2 3 OLIVER CROMWELL AND THE EARL OF MANCHESTER commander of a troop of horses about to be converted into a Maurice Ashley regiment and was also a member of parliament for Cambridge. Grey then took off the bulk of the soldiers available in the Cromwell was a very emotional man who could suddenly and for a Association to join Essex at the siege of Reading, leaving Cromwell short time become extremely passionate. Instances of that are when in charge at Cambridge where a committee had been formed to he rejoiced over the slaughter of Drogheda, when he hired a organize the Association.
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