THE DIASPORA of FILIPINO SEAFARERS: a Look at the Flag of Convenience (FOC) System
THE DIASPORA OF FILIPINO SEAFARERS: A Look at the Flag of Convenience (FOC) System Evi-ta L. Jimenez I. Introduction In an age of increasing transnational migration, it is indeed a wonderment that nearly one in every three workers at sea is from a single country, the Philippines, considered as the biggest provider of Filipino seafarers (or marino in Filipino), for ocean-going vessels in the world. According to the International Seafarers Action Center (ISAC) Philippines Foundation, Inc., some 250,000 Filipino seafarers, by far the largest national group, ply the world’s oceans and seas, primarily as deck hands, cabin cleaners, engine room oilers and cooks working aboard oil tankers, ships and luxury cruise liners. Since being called part of the modern-day-heroes in the 1980s by then President Corazon Aquino, Filipino seafarers or seamen remain the pride of the Philippines. Filipino seafarers comprise 30 percent of the world’s total merchant marine fleet which is about 1.5M with two thirds of them on board European owned ships. The labor deployment is seen to increase as the dollars sent home by the Filipino seamen comprise the bulk of remittances of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs). In 2010, Filipino seafarers sent home $3.8 billion or higher than their remittances in 2009, at $3.4 billion, according to the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP). Yet, this special group of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) remains largely invisible and ignored in studies about globalization, transnationalism and migration. Despite their significant contribution to prop up the Philippine economy, Filipino seafarers face the daunting task of having to fend for themselves – to a large extent, alone - in their effort to protect their labor rights and, hence, to support their families back home.
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