REMERON/Remeronsoltab with Caution These Highlights Do Not Include All the Information Needed to Use in Patients with Risk Factors for QT Prolongation
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Parosmia Due to COVID-19 Disease: a 268 Case Series
Parosmia due to COVID-19 Disease: A 268 Case Series Rasheed Ali Rashid Tikrit University, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery/ Otolaryngology Ameer A. Alaqeedy University Of Anbar, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery/ Otolaryngology Raid M. Al-Ani ( [email protected] ) University Of Anbar, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-9630 Research Article Keywords: Parosmia, COVID-19, Quality of life, Olfactory dysfunction, Case series Posted Date: May 10th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-506359/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/15 Abstract Although parosmia is a common problem in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies assessed the demographic and clinical aspects of this debilitating symptom. We aimed to evaluate the socio-clinical characteristics and outcome of various options of treatment of individuals with parosmia due to COVID- 19 infection. The study was conducted at two main Hospitals in the Ramadi and Tikrit cities, Iraq, on patients with a chief complaint of parosmia due to COVID-19 disease. The study involved 7 months (August 2020-February 2021). Detailed demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment options with their outcome were recorded and analyzed. Out of 268 patients with parosmia, there were 197 (73.5%) females. The majority were from age group ≤ 30 years (n = 188, 70.1%), housewives (n = 150, 56%), non-smokers (n = 222, 82.8%), and associated with dysgeusia (n = 207, 77.2%) but not associated with nasal symptoms (n = 266, 99.3%). -
SIGHI-Leaflet Histamine Elimination Diet Simplified Histamine Elimination Diet for Histamine Intolerance (DAO Degradation Disorder)
Version 2020-07-20 SIGHI-Leaflet Histamine Elimination Diet Simplified histamine elimination diet for histamine intolerance (DAO degradation disorder) For people with a DAO degradation disorder The compatibility is highly dependent on the in- who have to avoid histamine, other biogenic dividual sensitivity and the amount consumed. amines and DAO inhibitors in their diet. Furthermore, it is temporarily affected by stress, In case of histamine sensitivity due to mast cell hormones and many other factors. First and activation disorders (MCAD) this dietary guide- foremost, the freshness is an important cri- line is not sufficient! If no permanent symptom terion. Everybody has to find out by trial and er- relief can be achieved and maintained with this ror what he/she can tolerate in what quantities. diet, please follow the detailed list, which addi- At the beginning of the experimental diet this list tionally takes histamine liberators into consid- should be followed as consistently as possible. eration as completely as possible. It is available In a later stage, however, the diet should be here: based more on the experiences of the person www.mastzellaktivierung.info concerned rather than following any list. Mast cell activation disorders are often mistaken Always read the list of ingredients to find out for histamine intolerance. whether a food contains incompatible ingredi- ents. References: • Experience reports from among our members and readers • Various patient leaflets from doctors, clinics and hospitals • Experience of other patient organizations, bloggers, forum threads etc. • Scientific publications • Textbooks and cookbooks about histamine intolerance To avoid: ? Risky: Well tolerated: Fermented or microbially ripened Meals from res- Prefer fresh, unprocessed or little pro- products (e.g. -
THE USE of MIRTAZAPINE AS a HYPNOTIC O Uso Da Mirtazapina Como Hipnótico Francisca Magalhães Scoralicka, Einstein Francisco Camargosa, Otávio Toledo Nóbregaa
ARTIGO ESPECIAL THE USE OF MIRTAZAPINE AS A HYPNOTIC O uso da mirtazapina como hipnótico Francisca Magalhães Scoralicka, Einstein Francisco Camargosa, Otávio Toledo Nóbregaa Prescription of approved hypnotics for insomnia decreased by more than 50%, whereas of antidepressive agents outstripped that of hypnotics. However, there is little data on their efficacy to treat insomnia, and many of these medications may be associated with known side effects. Antidepressants are associated with various effects on sleep patterns, depending on the intrinsic pharmacological properties of the active agent, such as degree of inhibition of serotonin or noradrenaline reuptake, effects on 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors, action(s) at alpha-adrenoceptors, and/or histamine H1 sites. Mirtazapine is a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressive agent that acts by antagonizing alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and blocking 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors. It has high affinity for histamine H1 receptors, low affinity for dopaminergic receptors, and lacks anticholinergic activity. In spite of these potential beneficial effects of mirtazapine on sleep, no placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials of ABSTRACT mirtazapine in primary insomniacs have been conducted. Mirtazapine was associated with improvements in sleep on normal sleepers and depressed patients. The most common side effects of mirtazapine, i.e. dry mouth, drowsiness, increased appetite and increased body weight, were mostly mild and transient. Considering its use in elderly people, this paper provides a revision about studies regarding mirtazapine for sleep disorders. KEYWORDS: sleep; antidepressive agents; sleep disorders; treatment� A prescrição de hipnóticos aprovados para insônia diminuiu em mais de 50%, enquanto de antidepressivos ultrapassou a dos primeiros. -
Taste and Smell Disorders in Clinical Neurology
TASTE AND SMELL DISORDERS IN CLINICAL NEUROLOGY OUTLINE A. Anatomy and Physiology of the Taste and Smell System B. Quantifying Chemosensory Disturbances C. Common Neurological and Medical Disorders causing Primary Smell Impairment with Secondary Loss of Food Flavors a. Post Traumatic Anosmia b. Medications (prescribed & over the counter) c. Alcohol Abuse d. Neurodegenerative Disorders e. Multiple Sclerosis f. Migraine g. Chronic Medical Disorders (liver and kidney disease, thyroid deficiency, Diabetes). D. Common Neurological and Medical Disorders Causing a Primary Taste disorder with usually Normal Olfactory Function. a. Medications (prescribed and over the counter), b. Toxins (smoking and Radiation Treatments) c. Chronic medical Disorders ( Liver and Kidney Disease, Hypothyroidism, GERD, Diabetes,) d. Neurological Disorders( Bell’s Palsy, Stroke, MS,) e. Intubation during an emergency or for general anesthesia. E. Abnormal Smells and Tastes (Dysosmia and Dysgeusia): Diagnosis and Treatment F. Morbidity of Smell and Taste Impairment. G. Treatment of Smell and Taste Impairment (Education, Counseling ,Changes in Food Preparation) H. Role of Smell Testing in the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders 1 BACKGROUND Disorders of taste and smell play a very important role in many neurological conditions such as; head trauma, facial and trigeminal nerve impairment, and many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson Disorders, Lewy Body Disease and Frontal Temporal Dementia. Impaired smell and taste impairs quality of life such as loss of food enjoyment, weight loss or weight gain, decreased appetite and safety concerns such as inability to smell smoke, gas, spoiled food and one’s body odor. Dysosmia and Dysgeusia are very unpleasant disorders that often accompany smell and taste impairments. -
Smell Distortions: Prevalence, Longevity and Impact of Parosmia in a Population-Based, Longitudinal Study Spanning 10 Years
Smell distortions: Prevalence, longevity and impact of parosmia in a population-based, longitudinal study spanning 10 years Jonas K. Olofsson*1, Fredrik Ekesten1, & Steven Nordin2 1Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Parosmia, experiences of distorted smell sensations, is a common consequence of covid-19. The phenomenon is not well understood in terms of its impact and long-term outcomes. We examined parosmia in a population-based sample from the Betula study that was conducted in Umeå in northern Sweden (baseline data collected in 1998-2000). We used a baseline sample of 2168 individuals aged 35-90 years and with no cognitive impairment at baseline. We investigated the prevalence of parosmia and, using regression analyses, its relationship to other olfactory and cognitive variables and quality of life. Benefitting from the longitudinal study design, we also assessed the persistence of parosmia over 5 and 10 years prospectively. Parosmia was prevalent in 5% of the population (n=104) and was often co- occurring with phantosmia (“olfactory hallucinations”), but was not associated with lower self-rated overall quality of life or poor performance on olfactory or cognitive tests. For some individuals, parosmia was retained 5 years (17%) or even 10 years later (10%). Thus, parosmia is relative common in the population, and can be persistent for some individuals. This work provides rare insights into the expected impact of, and recovery from parosmia, with implications for those suffering from qualitative olfactory dysfunction following covid-19. 2 Introduction Parosmia is an olfactory disorder (OD) where odor perception is distorted and different stimuli trigger unpleasant odor sensations previously not associated with the stimuli (i.e. -
Sixty Seconds on . . . Parosmia
NEWS The BMJ BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.m4332 on 9 November 2020. Downloaded from Cite this as: BMJ 2020;371:m4332 Sixty seconds on . parosmia http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4332 Abi Rimmer Published: 09 November 2020 I’ve heard of anosmia but what's this? The charity Fifth Sense explains that parosmia is the medical term for distortions of the sense of smell. Someone with parosmia may be able to detect odours, but the smell of certain things—or sometimes everything—is different, and often unpleasant.1 Such as? Jennifer Spicer, a US based infectious diseases doctor, said that following her recovery from covid-19, coffee, wine, and other foods tasted like gasoline.2 Nicola Watt, who also recovered from the virus, described similar symptoms to the Times.3 “Quite suddenly everything smelt and tasted like a horrid rubbish bin,” Watt said. Sounds awful. Is this from covid-19? Not specifically. Parosmia is common with all types of post-viral smell loss, and over half of people who have lost their sense of smell because of a virus will go on to experience it.4 Fragrance writer Louise Woollam, for example, suffered from parosmia after a cold and found that most foods tasted of sewage or mud and most things smelt disgusting.5 How awful! Yes, and what’s worse Woollam, like many other people, experienced phantosmia as well when “phantom” smells appear in the absence of any odour. These can manifest as “normal” smells – for example, being able to smell garlic when there is no garlic present – but they can also be unpleasant.1 Is there a cure? Unfortunately not. -
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Olfactory Dysfunction
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Olfactory Dysfunction Seok Hyun Cho Hanyang Med Rev 2014;34:107-115 http://dx.doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2014.34.3.107 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea pISSN 1738-429X eISSN 2234-4446 Olfactory dysfunction is a relatively common disorder that is often under-recognized by Correspondence to: Seok Hyun Cho Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head both patients and clinicians. It occurs more frequently in older ages and men, and decreases and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University patients’ quality of life, as olfactory dysfunction may affect the emotion and memory func- Hospital, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, tions. Three main causes of olfactory dysfunction are sinonasal diseases, upper respiratory Seoul 133-792, Korea Tel: +82-2-2290-8583 viral infection, and head trauma. Olfactory dysfunction is classified quantitatively (hypos- Fax: +82-2-2293-3335 mia and anosmia) and qualitatively (parosmia and phantosmia). From a pathophysiologi- E-mail: [email protected] cal perspective, olfactory dysfunction is also classified by conductive or sensorineural types. All patients with olfactory dysfunction will need a complete history and physical examina- Received 17 April 2014 Revised 23 June 2014 tion to identify any possible or underlying causes and psychophysical olfactory tests are Accepted 3 July 2014 essential to estimate the residual olfactory function, which is the most important prognos- This is an Open Access article distributed under tic factor. CT or MRI may be adjunctively used in some indicated cases such as head trauma the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution and neurodegenerative disorders. -
Will My Patient Attempt Suicide Again?
Will my patient attempt suicide again? Risk factors help you identify patients who need immediate hospitalization for safety ® Dowden Health Media s. J, age 32, comes to our mental health clinic seeking treatment for depression and anxi- Mety. She reportsCopyright she has attemptedFor personal suicide use only 3 times. Ms. J describes the first 2 attempts—both of which occurred when she was in her 20s after the end of a relationship—as “cries for attention” that were rela- tively innocuous. Her third suicide attempt, however, was an acetaminophen overdose approximately 1 year ago that resulted in hospitalization and irreversible liver damage. VEER Ms. J acknowledges that over the last several weeks / she has been thinking about suicide almost constantly, HAMELS especially as the anniversary of her fiancé’s death ap- proaches. She says she has a nearly full bottle of zolpi- LAURENT © dem in her medicine cabinet and fantasizes about taking all of them and just “going to sleep.” Elizabeth L. Jeglic, PhD Associate professor Department of psychology Many patients—especially those with depression—ex- John Jay College of Criminal Justice perience recurrent thoughts of death or a wish to die, New York, NY but only about 10% attempt suicide.1 To identify those who are at highest risk and warrant hospitalization, it is vital to assess how a history of suicidal behavior and other factors impact the risk for future suicide at- tempts. This article: • examines research on patients who have attempted suicide and risk factors for repeat suicide attempts • describes characteristics of patients with multiple attempts • explores the link between a history of self-injurious Current Psychiatry behavior and suicide attempts. -
Histamine and Antihistamines Sites of Action Conditions Which Cause Release Aron H
Learning Objectives I Histamine Pharmacological effects Histamine and Antihistamines Sites of action Conditions which cause release Aron H. Lichtman, Ph.D. Diagnostic uses Associate Professor II Antihistamines acting at the H1 and H2 receptor Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmacological effects Mechanisms of action Therapeutic uses Side effects and drug interactions Be familiar with the existence of the H3 receptor III Be able to describe the main mechanism of action of cromolyn sodium and its clinical uses Histamine Pharmacology First autacoid to be discovered. (Greek: autos=self; Histamine Formation akos=cure) Synthesized in 1907 Synthesized in mammalian tissues by Demonstrated to be a natural constituent of decarboxylation of the amino acid l-histidine mammalian tissues (1927) Involved in inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions. Local application causes swelling redness, and edema, mimicking a mild inflammatory reaction. Large systemic doses leads to profound vascular changes similar to those seen after shock or anaphylactic origin Histamine Stored in complex with: Heparin Chondroitin Sulfate Eosinophilic Chemotactic Factor Neutrophilic Chemotactic Factor Proteases 1 Conditions That Release Histamine 1. Tissue injury: Any physical or chemical agent that injures tissue, skin or mucosa are particularly sensitive to injury and will cause the immediate release of histamine from mast cells. 2. Allergic reactions: exposure of an antigen to a previously sensitized (exposed) subject can immediately trigger allergic reactions. If sensitized by IgE antibodies attached to their surface membranes will degranulate when exposed to the appropriate antigen and release histamine, ATP and other mediators. 3. Drugs and other foreign compounds: morphine, dextran, antimalarial drugs, dyes, antibiotic bases, alkaloids, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds, enzymes (phospholipase C). -
Can Clinical Staging of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Be of Any Therapeutic Benefit Abdul Mannan Baig Dr
eCommons@AKU Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences Medical College, Pakistan January 2017 Can clinical staging of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis be of any therapeutic benefit Abdul Mannan Baig Dr. Aga Khan University, [email protected] Armaghan-e-Rehman Mansoor [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_bbs Recommended Citation Baig, A. M., Mansoor, A. (2017). Can clinical staging of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis be of any therapeutic benefit. EC MICROBIOLOGY, 5(3), 101-108. Available at: http://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_bbs/300 Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC MICROBIOLOGY Review Article Can Clinical Staging of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis be of any Therapeutic Benefit? Abdul Mannan Baig* and Armaghan-e-Rehman Mansoor The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan *Corresponding Author: The Department of BBS, Aga Khan University, Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. Received: December 15, 2016; Published: January 19, 2017 Summary Naegleria fowleri, is a free-living amoeba (FLA) known to infect humans and cause a fatal disease called primary amoebic menin- goencephalitis (PAM). All of the patients are commonly admitted to the emergency room (ER). Often, treatment in the ER is delayed due to the rarity of disease leading to a delay in the diagnosis and late arrival of patients to the ER. The attempts to reduce raised intracranial pressure and subsequent herniation of the brain stem are challenging and become the cause of death in the affected patients during their stay in ER. Use of drugs like mannitol to reduce raised intra-cerebral pressure (ICP) could prove dangerous in the presence of cerebral haemorrhage and this fact could be overlooked during the management of patients with PAM. -
PAROXETINE TABLETS, USP 10 Mg, 20 Mg, 30 Mg and 40 Mg Rx Only
PAROXETINE- paroxetine hydrochloride tablet, film coated REMEDYREPACK INC. ---------- PAROXETINE TABLETS, USP 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg Rx only Suicidality and Antidepressant Drugs Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of paroxetine tablets or any other antidepressant in a child, adolescent, or young adult must balance this risk with the clinical need. Short-term studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidality with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults beyond age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults aged 65 and older. Depression and certain other psychiatric disorders are themselves associated with increases in the risk of suicide. Patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. Paroxetine tablets are not approved for use in pediatric patients (see WARNINGS, Clinical Worsening and Suicide Risk, PRECAUTIONS, Information for Patients, and PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use). DESCRIPTION Paroxetine hydrochloride is an orally administered psychotropic drug. It is the hydrochloride salt of a phenylpiperidine compound identified chemically as (-)- trans-4 R-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3 S-[(3',4'- methylenedioxyphenoxy) methyl] piperidine hydrochloride anhydrous and has the empirical formula of C 19H 20FNO 3•HCl . The molecular weight is 365.8 (anhydrous) (329.4 as free base). -
Synergistic Action of 5-HT2A Antagonists and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Neuropsychopharmacology (2003) 28, 402–412 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/03 $25.00 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Synergistic Action of 5-HT2A Antagonists and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders ,1 2 3 2 Gerard J Marek* , Linda L Carpenter , Christopher J McDougle and Lawrence H Price 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry and Human, Brown Medical School, Mood 3 Disorders Program, Behavior, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Recently, the addition of drugs with prominent 5-HT2 receptor antagonist properties (risperidone, olanzapine, mirtazapine, and mianserin) to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been shown to enhance therapeutic responses in patients with major depression and treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). These 5-HT antagonists may also be effective in 2 ameliorating some symptoms associated with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). At the doses used, these drugs would be expected to saturate 5-HT2A receptors. These findings suggest that the simultaneous blockade of 5-HT2A receptors and activation of an unknown constellation of other 5-HT receptors indirectly as a result of 5-HT uptake inhibition might have greater therapeutic efficacy than either action alone. Animal studies have suggested that activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors may counteract the effects of activating 5-HT2A receptors. Additional 5-HT receptors, such as the 5-HT1B/1D/5/7 receptors, may similarly counteract the effects of 5-HT receptor activation. These clinical and preclinical observations suggest that the combination of highly 2A selective 5-HT antagonists and SSRIs, as well as strategies to combine high-potency 5-HT receptor and 5-HT transporter blockade in 2A 2A a single compound, offer the potential for therapeutic advances in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.