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Cosmovisiones Olusa Argueta Etnobiologia ETNOBIOLOGÍA Volumen 13 Número 2 México, 2015 CONSEJO EDITORIAL EDITOR EN JEFE Eduardo Corona-M. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Delegación Morelos & Seminario Relaciones Hombre-Fauna (INAH) EDITOR ASOCIADO ASISTENTE EDITORIAL Dídac Santos Fita Nassu Vargas Rivera Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias, UNAM Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos COLABORADOR POR PAÍS MÉXICO ECUADOR Tzintia Velarde Mendoza Tania Ivanova González Rivadeneira [email protected] [email protected] BRASIL COLOMBIA Emmanuel Duarte Almada Catherine Ramos [email protected] [email protected] COMITÉ EDITORIAL Abigail Aguilar Contreras Juan Carlos Mariscal Castro Herbario, IMSS Coordinador Nacional Bioandes, Bolivia Uyisses Alburquerque Ramón Mariaca Méndez Universidade Federal Rural de Pemambuco, Brasil El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chiapas Miguel N. Alexiades Miguel A. Martínez Alfaro (ad honorem †) University of Kent, Canterbury, UK Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, UNAM Arturo Argueta Villamar Eraldo Medeiros Costa Neto Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias, UNAM Universidade de Feira de Santana, Brasil Javier Caballero Lourdes Navarijo Ornelas Jardin Botánico, Instituto de Biologia, UNAM Instituto de Biología, UNAM Germán Escobar Lucia Helena Oliveira da Cuhna Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Colombia Universidad Federal de Paraná, Brasil Montserrat Gispert Cruells Teresa Rojas Rabiela Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM CIESAS Gastón Guzmán Victor Manuel Toledo Manzur Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, UNAM Eugene Hunn Gustavo Valencia del Toro Universidad de Washington, USA Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ma. de los Ángeles La Torre-Cuadros Luis Alberto Vargas Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Perú Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM Enrique Leff Carlos Zolla Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, UNAM Programa Universitario México Nación Multicultural, UNAM Alfredo López Austín Miguel León Portilla Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, UNAM Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM ETNOBIOLOGÍA, Volumen 13, No. 2, Marzo - Agosto 2015, es una Publicación cuatrimestral con suplementos editada por la Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana A.C. (AEM) y la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Etnobiología (SOLAE), calle Norte 7A, 5009, Col. Panamericana, Delegación Gustavo A Madero, C.P. 07770, Tel. (55)14099885, www.asociacionetnobiologica.org.mx, [email protected]. Editor responsable: Eduardo Corona Martínez. Reserva de Derechos al Uso Exclusivo No. 04-2014-032512271000-203, ISSN: 1665-2703, ambos otorgados por el Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor. Responsable de la última actualización de este Número: Sputnik Diseño, D.G. Rafael González Jiménez, [email protected], fecha de última modifcación, 10 de agosto de 2015. Las opiniones expresadas por los autores no necesariamente refejan la postura del editor de la publicación. Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de los contenidos e imágenes de la publicación sin previa autorización del Comité Editorial de la revista Etnobiología. NUESTRA PORTADA: Vivienda Xi›iuy (San Luis Potosí, México) construida con diversos materiales vegetales y edáfcos. Fotografía proporcionada por: Torres Reyna y cols. Ver artículo en este número. Volumen 13 Número 2 ETNOBIOLOGÍA Agosto, 2015 México ETNOBIOLOGÍA Volumen 13 Número 2, 2015 CONTENIDO COSMOVISIONES Y NATURALEZAS EN TRES CULTURAS INDÍGENAS DE COLOMBIA 5 Olga Lucía Sanabria Diago y Arturo Argueta Villamar ETNOBOTÁNICA DE LA VIVIENDA RURAL EN LA REGIÓN XI’IUY DE LA PALMA, SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, MÉXICO 21 Juan Carlos Torres Reyna, Javier Fortanelli Martínez, Anuschka van ‘t Hooft y Víctor Benítez Gómez CONOCIMIENTO ETNOHERPETOLÓGICO DE DOS COMUNIDADES ALEDAÑAS A LA RESERVA ESTATAL SIERRA DE MONTENEGRO, MORELOS, MÉXICO 37 Mario Alberto Reyna Rojas, Alejandro García Flores, Edgar Enrique Neri Castro, Alejandro Alagón Cano y Rafael Monroy Martínez EL PROCESO DE SUCESIÓN ECOLÓGICA ENTRE LOS LACANDONES DE NAHÁ, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO 49 Leonardo E. Ulises Contreras Cortés, Ramón Mariaca Méndez y Miguel Ángel Pérez Farrera NOMENCLATURA Y CLASIFICACIÓN KICHWA DE LOS PECES LACUSTRES EN LA AMAZONÍA CENTRAL DE ECUADOR: UNA APROXIMACIÓN ETNOZOOLÓGICA 63 Iván Jácome-Negrete y Lida Guarderas Flores INSECTOS ÚTILES ENTRE LOS TSOTSILES DEL MUNICIPIO DE SAN ANDRÉS LARRÁINZAR, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO 72 Esperanza López de la Cruz, Benigno Gómez y Gómez, María Silvia Sánchez Cortés, Christiane Junghans y Lázaro Valentín Martínez Jímenez INDAGACIONES ACERCA DEL AZAFRÁN DE RAIZ (ESCOBEDIA GRANDIFLORA (L.F.) KUNTZE) EN ANTIOQUIA - COLOMBIA: UNA ESPECIE OLVIDADA 85 Sandra Bibiana Muriel Ruiz, Edison Cardona-Medina, Edwin Arias-Ruiz y Alejandra Gómez-Gómez CARACTERIZACIÓN SOCIOCULTURAL DE LAS MILPAS EN DOS EJIDOS DEL MUNICIPIO DE TLAQUILTENANGO, MORELOS, MÉXICO 94 Silvino Morales Tapia y Elsa Guzmán Gómez COSMOVISIONES Y NATURALEZAS EN TRES CULTURAS INDÍGENAS DE COLOMBIA Olga Lucía Sanabria Diago1 y Arturo Argueta Villamar2 1 Universidad del Cauca, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Carrera 2A Nº 3N-111 de Popayán, Sector Tulcán, Colombia. 2 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias. Av. Universidad s/n, Cto. 2, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62210; Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Correo: [email protected] RESUMEN: En el presente texto se describen los saberes, las prácticas y las formas de pensamiento de tres pueblos: Nasa, de la región Altoandina de Tierradentro, Camentsá del Alto Valle de Sibundoy y Eperara Siapidara de la costa del Pacífco del suroccidente colombiano. Se argumenta que el papel de los pueblos indígenas en la conservación de la biodiversidad se realiza de manera integral, en el marco de una relación no antagónica entre naturaleza/cultura. Se concluye que las prácticas de uso y manejo de los recursos vegetales, están íntimamente relacionadas con la cosmogonía y el conocimiento de los ciclos naturales, cuya importancia cultural se expresa metafóricamente a través de mitos, integrando todos los seres de la naturaleza con carácter humanizado, los cuales son respetados como habitantes permanentes de estos universos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Pueblos indígenas, Colombia, plantas, cosmogonía, conservación de biodiversidad. COSMOVISIONS AND NATURES IN THREE INDIGENOUS CULTURES OF COLOMBIA ABSTRACT This paper describes the knowledge, practices and ways of thinking of three indigenous peoples: Nasa, of the high Andean region of Tierradentro, Camentsá of the High Valley of Sibundoy and Eperara Siapidara of the Pacifc coast of southwestern Colombia. It is argued that the role of indigenous peoples in the conservation of biodiversity is done holistically, as part of a non-antagonistic relationship between nature-culture. It is concluded that the practices of use and management of plants resources, are closely related to the cosmogony and knowledge of the natural cycles, whose cultural signifcance is metaphorically expressed through myths, integrating all beings of nature with humanized character, the which they are respected as permanent residents of these universes. KEY WORDS: Indigenous peoples, Colombia, plants, cosmogony, biodiversity conservation. INTRODUCCIÓN ancestrales se encuentran en varios sitios, especialmente en la zona arqueológica de San Agustín, una de las más El suroccidente colombiano es una región de gran diversidad representativas del país. Tras la Conquista española, se biológica y cultural, caracterizada por la convergencia reconfguró la estructura de los asentamientos prehispánicos eco-geográfca andino-amazónica y andes-costa del Pacífco para la conformación de comunidades y veredas bajo la y por la fuerte presencia de pueblos indígenas cuyas huellas fgura del resguardo, la cual otorgó autonomía y manejo 'FDIBEF3FDFQDJÓOr'FDIBEF"DFQUBDJÓO 5 colectivo de los territorios a los indígenas sobre la base de Desde fnales de los años 90 del siglo pasado, la primera normas y costumbres propias. autora de este texto, ha realizado estudios sobre la con- servación de los recursos naturales con los grupos étnicos De un total de 1,378,884 personas autorreconocidas como del suroccidente colombiano, ligados al acompañamiento indígenas en Colombia (DANE, 2005), pertenecientes a y seguimiento en los campos de la Etnoeducación, la 102 pueblos diferenciados (ONIC, 2013), es el suroccidente Etnobotánica y los programas curriculares en ciencias el espacio territorial de mayor densidad indígena del país, naturales y ambientales en la costa del Pacífco, los Andes con pueblos indígenas como los Nasa, Wam o Guambianos, y la convergencia Andino-Amazónica (Sanabria, 2001, Eperara Siapidara, Inga, Camentsá, Coconuco, Totoró, 2011a; Sanabria et al., 2005, Sanabria et al., 2009; Sanabria Guanaca, Inga, Pasto, Yanacona, Umbrá y Embera-Chamí, et al., 2012). Estos trabajos han tenido como objetivo la entre otros, asentados entre las altas montañas y los valles revaloración de los saberes tradicionales como contribución interandinos que se despliegan desde la Estrella Fluvial a la recuperación de los territorios y el posicionamiento colombiana, en un cruce de caminos hacia la Amazonía por político-cultural, la autonomía territorial y la preservación la vertiente oriental del río Magdalena y hacia el Océano de la cultura como derecho constitucional de los pueblos Pacífco por la vertiente occidental del río Cauca (Figura indígenas (CRIC, 2007). Los resultados
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