MJENS SANA IN CORFOUX! SANO.

VOL. 16. BATTLE GREEK, MIOH., MAY, 1881. KO. 5.

ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN AND NERVES. oughly established facts, devoting little space to the consideration of complicated BY THE K OITOR. and disputed questions connected with the The structure of' the nervous system is subject. the most complex and delicate of any part S t r u c t u r e o f N e r v e T i s s u e .— There are of the body. Many portions of it, indeed, two distinct elements in nerve tissue, cells and fibers. The essential element of both

Fig. -2.—A View of the upper surface of the Brain, exposed by turning back the Scalp and removing a por­ tion of the Cranium.

of these we find to be the same, the central part of the fiber being but a continuation of the cells, both being composed o f the great basis of all forms o f living matter, protoplasm. F i g . 1 .—A General View o f the Nervous System. These two elements of the nervous sys­ are not yet perfectly well known, although tem are differently distributed in the body. many physiologists have devoted their The cells are collected in groups in the whole lives to careful study of this part of central parts of the body, which are termed the human organism. We shall not at­ ganglia, while the nerve fibers, associated tempt to give any except the most thor­ in bundles, ramify to every part of the 130 GOOD HEALTH.

body. So completely is the whole body S t r u c t u r e o f t h e D r a i n .— The brain is permeated by these delicate filaments oc­ the largest mass of nervous matter in the cupied in transmitting sensations and voli­ body, filling the entire cranial cavity. Its tions, that if all the other tissues were re­ weight is about forty-nine and one-half moved, the nerves would still present an ounces in males, and forty-four ounces in exact outline of the body.

Divisions of the N er­ vous System.— Consid­ ered from the stand­ point of function, the nervous system is di­ vided into two classes, each of which has a distinct work to per­ form, viz., the cerebro­ spinal system, and the organic or sympathetic system. The first men­ tioned is that with which we have most to deal, because this is the one which chiefly dis­ tinguishes man and ani­ mals from vegetables, F ig. 4.—A View of the under surface of the Brain, and the higher func­ showing the Origins of the Several Pairs of Nerves. tions of which distin­ guish man from lower females. It is inclosed by two membranes, orders of animals. The the outer of which is closely applied to the second class, or system inner plate of the skull, and from its tough­ of nerves, presides over ness called the dura mater. This mem­ the nutritive functions brane abounds in blood-vessels, from which of the body, the pro­ nourishment is supplied to both the brain cesses o f growth and and the skull, and by means of which the repair, excretion, secre­ tion, etc., which are sometimes termed the vegetative functions, be­ cause of their close an- F lo Spina1ic o nr

D e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e C e r e b r o -S p i n a l S y s ­

t e m .— The cerebro-spinal system is made up of ganglia and nerve trunks. The gan­ glia, or groups of cells, are chiefly to be

found in the skull and spinal canal, con­ F i g . 5 .— The left half of the Brain, showing the Con­ volutions of the Cerebrum, one Lateral Ventricle, the stituting the brain and spinal cord, the Arbor Vitœ of the Cerebellum, etc. central axis of this system, the nerve trunks emanating from these two great centers blood supply of the interior and exterior of and extending to all parts of the body. the cranium is in communication. Next GOOD HEALTH. 131 the brain is another delicate membrane, the cerebellum, or little brain. Each of chiefly made up of' blood-vessels which run these principal portions of the brain is sub­ down into the substance of the brain. Be- divided by a fold of the membraneous cov­ erings into two lateral halves, each of which furnishes nerves to the opposite half of the body. When the membranes of the brain are removed, its surface is found to be marked by numerous and quite deep depressions, which are due to the convolutions or fold­ ings of its outer layers. The gray color of the mass is also noticeable. When cut, it is found that the gray substance extends but a little way into the mass of tissue, the central portion being white. Examination with a microscope shows that the gray substance is composed of nerve cells, while the white portion is made up o f fibers, which are connected with the cells. A t the base of the brain, or its under side and central portion, are found a number

F i g . 6.—A Horizontal Section of the Brain through its of collections o f gray matter or nerve cells, middle portion, showing the relation of the White Mat­ ter to the Gray, with many other points of interest. called the central ganglia of the brain. At the lowest portion of the brain, just tween this membrane and the dura mater at its junction with the spinal cord at the is still another membrane so delicate in its foramen magnum, is a rounded body, structure that it has received a name which known as the medulla oblongata, which describes it as being like a spider’s web. may really be considered as the enlarged The membranes of the brain divide it upper end of the spinal cord. into a larger and a smaller portion. The In the central portion of the brain is larger portion, located in the upper and found a curious little organ about as large as a pea, the piiteal gland, which the great philosopher Descartes supposed to be the seat of the soul. It is now known to be simply a gland. From this exceedingly brief description it will be seen that the brain is really a collection of ganglia within the skull, and consists of several distinct groups of cells. Each group has its particular function to perform, its particular part o f the work of the vital economy to control or direct. Prom each one go out nerve fibres which terminate in different ways, according to the functions to be performed.

—Evil thoughts are worse enemies than

F i g . 7.—A view of the Cranial Nerves, with their lions or tigers; for we can keep out of the points of origin in the Brain. way of wild beasts, but bad thoughts win their way everywhere. The cup that is front part o f the skull, is called the cere­ full will hold no more. Keep your head brum ; the smaller portion, located in the and heart full of good thoughts, that bad back and lower part of the skull, is called ones may find no room to enter. 132 GOOD HEALTH.

THE TOBACCO CURSE. its various forms as truly slaves as were our Southern negroes ! Is not its bondage U n d e r the head of “ The Tobacco Prob­ as oppressive as was theirs ? Are not its lem,” a pointed writer, Meta Lander, deals fetters as tightly riveted ? out most vigorous strokes against this gi­ This tobacco vice—for I can call it gantic evil. Of the use of tobacco, we nothing less— extends to every nation on may forcibly say in the words of Sacred the globe and pervades every rank in so­ W rit, “ It is evil, and only evil, and that ciety. The gray-haired patriarch is not continually .” As Shakespeare wrote of too old, nor the hoy of twelve too young wine, “ If thou hast no other name to go to be its willing subject. Neither the by, let’s call thee devil! ” so may we say filthiest slum nor the politest society is of tobacco. Perhaps the well-known free from it. couplet is not far amiss, It stalks defiantly through the streets, “ Tobacco is a poisonous weed, fouling the very air of heaven. It boldly It was the devil sowed the seed.” sits in our legislative halls, both state and At any rate, if the evil one did not sow national. It enters the temple o f the the seed, as the noted Dr. Clarke seems to Lord, and even creeps up to the altar. more than half believe, he certainly has It travels shamelessly on water and on something to do in raising it, and in lead­ land. In spite of special arrangements to ing about seven-tenths of the civilized imprison it, there is no such thing as world to use it. O thou insidious demon, shutting it away from the tell-tale air and T o b a c c o ! enemy of finance, destroyer of the whispering breeze. health, and the gross perverter of morals ! The office of the lawyer and of the phy­ Well may the pure, the clean, the virtuous, sician and the sanctum of the minister o f every land, pronounce against thee, are alike under its offensive cloud. The and lay Titan strokes upon thy sottish coarse, blustering swearer, and the refined pate. But we will not further forestall elegant scholar are equally its victims. the article, which is from the N. Y. Inde­ It finds its way to the fairest fireside, pol­ pendent o f the 31st ultimo. luting its purity, wrecking the health of G. W. A m a d o n . wife and mother, and often bequeathing to the children an enfeebled constitution, Can anybody deny that it is an expen­ both physical and mental. sive, unwholesome, uncleanly, annoying, Its insidious spell has so fallen on the demoralizing, perilous habit ? Why, then, community that multitudes seem utterly must it be touched so gingerly ? Why insensible to its character and its conse­ must we approach it with deprecating quences. Indeed, so potent is this spell bows and apologies, as if, after all, it was that there is now and then a woman who, not much o f an offense. instead of being disturbed by seeing her Alas 1 it is because this ugly brown idol father or brother, her husband or her is set up in high places; because it has lover, among the victims, will compla­ more worshipers than any heathen god; cently smile upon his offense and gayly because it is enshrined in many a heart as decorate the signs and symbols o f his the dearest thing on earth. If, now and slavery. then, some fearless hand attacks it, not a Shall I be pronounced a fanatic, a mon­ few, even among those not its votaries, in omaniac for writing thus? Yea, verily. their concern lest some good man may But, though I am struck, still I will claim chance to get hit, stand ready to warn off a hearing. the assailant. One is thus often reminded Look, for a moment, at this habit in its of the old slavery days, when many who financial aspect. were not practical partakers condoned the Some years since, the annual production offense of such as were. of tobacco throughout the world was es­ Are not those who use this narcotic in timated at four billions of pounds. Allow­ GOOD HEALTH. 133 ing the cost of the unmanufactured mate­ band and father will not give up his rial to be ten cents a pound, the yearly cigar! And how many a man is reduced expense of this poisonous growth amounts to beggary who yet holds on to his pipe 1 to four hundred millions o f dollars. Put Wives there are not a few who are into marketable shape, the annual cost obliged to sacrifice their artistic tastes to reaches one thousand millions of dollars. this juggernaut. Books, music, pictures, This sum, according to careful computa­ excursions with the children to the sea­ tion, would construct two railroads round side or the mountains, a thousand and one the earth, at twenty thousand dollars a little refinements and brighteners of the mile. It would build a hundred thousand dull routine of life— all are swallowed up churches, each costing ten thousand dol­ by his rapacious maw. lars ; or half a million of school-houses, But we have not yet done with figures. each costing two thousand; or it would In a single Western town, three thousand employ a million of preachers and a mill­ and ninety-eight dollars were expended ion of teachers, at a salary of five hun­ for tobacco, and for the support of dred dollars. churches and schools only two thousand What more effective, pathetic appeal to seven hundred and twelve. the head and heart can be made than by A Methodist pastor states that, while these figures ? Two millions o f tons of his whole society expended in a year only tobacco annually consumed by smokers eight hundred and forty-one dollars for and snuffers and chewers, while from the support of the gospel and other every part o f the habitable globe are church and mission work, sixty-seven of hands stretched out imploringly for the his church-members during the same time bread o f life, which must be denied, for expended eight hundred and forty-five lack of means to send it. dollars for tobacco. In Great Britain alone there are not far At a Methodist Episcopal conference from three hundred thousand tobacco- held in Massachusetts, a few years since, shops. England has obtained a larger Bishop Harris is said to have expressed revenue from this source than from all the opinion that “ the Methodist Church the gold mines of Australia. In Ger­ spends more for chewing and smoking many, Holland, Great Britain, and the than it gives toward converting the United States, official figures show that world.” it costs more than bread. In our own In a small Hew England town, where country we find, from the Internal 'Reve­ the people felt too poor to sustain a min­ nue Beport, that above ninety-five million ister more than half the time, the three pounds of manufactured tobacco and one traders in the town sold every year four billion three hundred million of cigars are and a half tons of tobacco! used in one year, at an expense of two Three hundred dollars a year for to­ hundred and fifty millions of dollars, while bacco, and three dollars for Bible, tract, the taxes amount to one hundred and fifty and mission purposes ! One hundred dol­ millions. lars for tobacco, and one dollar for mis­ In the city of Hew York alone above sions ! Eighty dollars for tobacco, and seventy-five millions of cigars are annually twenty-five cents for home missions! Yet consumed, and at a cost of more than nine these are but samples of almost number­ millions of dollars— enough cigars to build less cases. What a record to appear on a wall from the Empire City to Albany. the heavenly ledger! H ow often will a man go through life The destruction o f property from fires without owning a house, when the money occasioned by throwing away the ends of he expends on this narcotic, if put on in­ cigars, or matches used in lighting them, terest, would be ample for the purchase of comes properly under this head. It is one ! How many a family is cramped for impossible, of course, to ascertain how the necessaries of life because the hus­ many fires, large and small, for which 134 GOOD HEALTH. there is no accounting, may have owed But what one man gains is obtained at their origin to tobacco. Two or three well- the cost of his son and his son’s son.” known cases are given, as illustrating the “ It is a culture,” declares Jefferson, peril to which all are continually exposed. “ productive o f infinite wretchedness.” It was from the smoking of a plumber, Writes Glen. John H. Cooke, of Vir­ that the Harpers’ printing establishment ginia : “ Tobacco exhausts the land be­ took fire, consuming five blocks, at a loss yond all other crops. As proof of this, of about a million of dollars, and throwing every homestead, from the Atlantic bor­ nearly two thousand people out of work. der to the head of tide-water, is a mourn­ By a spark dropped from a pipe, a ful monument. It has been the besom of dreadful fire was kindled in Williamsburg, destruction which has swept over this destroying three vessels and six buildings, once fertile region.” with the lives of three persons. In confirmation of this, says a traveler : Says an insurance agent: “ One-third “ The old tobacco-lands of Maryland and or more of all the fires in my circuit have Virginia are an eye-sore, odious ‘ barrens,’ originated from matches and pipes. Fires looking as though blasted by some genius in England and America are being kin­ of evil.” dled with alarming frequency by smokers Most eloquently writes Prof. Bascom: casting about their firebrands or half- “ Take the land, the sunshine, the rain, burnt matches.” which Glod gives you, and set them all at Much might be said under this financial work to grow tobacco; throw this, as head as to the culture of this weed, but your product, into the world’s market; space allows only a few words. buy with it bread, clothing, and shelter, “ The tobacco plant,” writes one, “ is a books for yourselves, instruction for your great exhauster. Whether raised North children, consideration in the community, or South, on the banks of the Danube or and perchance the gospel of grace; pay the Connecticut, it is all the same. It is ever and everywhere, for the good you a huge glutton, which, consuming all get, tobacco, only tobacco—tobacco, that about it, like Homer’s glutton of old, cries, nourishes no man, clothes no man, in­ ‘ More! Give me more!'" structs no man, purifies no man, blesses Says another: “ A gum issues from no man; tobacco, that begets inordinate green tobacco that covers everything it and loathsome appetite and disease and comes in contact with. We met recently degradation, that impoverishes and de­ a troop of men, fresh from the tobacco- bases thousands and adds incalculably to field, who might pass for Hottentots. the burden of evil the world bears; but They looked as if they always burrowed call not this exchange honest trade, or in the ground, and in hands and face, as this gnawing at the root of social well­ well as dress, were the color of wood­ being getting an honest livelihood. Think chucks.” of Grod’s justice, the honesty he requires, Writes Dr. Humphrey : “ W hat shall and cover riot your sin with a lie. Turn we say to raising tobacco—a narcotic not his earth and air, given to minister to plant, which no brute will eat, which af­ the sustenance and joy of man, into a nar­ fords no nutriment, which every stomach cotic, deadening life and poisoning its cur­ loathes till cruelly drugged into loathsome rent, and then traffic with this for your submission, which stupefies the brain, own good.” shatters the nerves, destroys the coats of And what shall be said o f cultivating the stomach, creates an insatiable thirst this exhauster of the soil, this foulest, for stimulants, and prepares the system most destructive of poisons in our own for fatal diseases ? ” beautiful Connecticut Valley, the land of Prof. Brewer, in summing up the case, the Pilgrims ? A cruel matricide, which says: “ The sole advantage is that an in­ Christian hands, alas! join in perpe­ dividual may grow rich from raising it. trating 1 GOOD HEALTH. 135

DIPHTHERIA. amount of infection and invasion of the throat and larynx without any serious in­ PREDISPOSING CAUSES. terruption of respiration. This is one cause

A n y t h i n g which impairs the vital func­ of the greater fatality of the disease in chil­ tions will predispose to an attack of any dren. febrile or other disease. W e do not pur­ The disease is often more prevalent its pose to mention here all the numerous the cooler seasons of the year than in the causes of impaired vitality, but only some summer, but probably this fact is wholly of those especially active in rendering the due to the increase of predisposing in­ system liable to the disease under consider­ fluences of other sorts at those times, as ation. increased frequency of colds and pharyn­ “ Taking cold” is a process very difficult geal and nasal catarrhs; less free circu­ to describe exactly, but is so common an lation of air in dwelling-houses greatly occurrence that the phrase is significant increasing the virulence of the poison wher­ to every one. In general, when a person ever it may chance to be at work, and has taken a cold, there is more or less con­ similar incidental causes. The disease has gestion and irritation, if not actual inflam­ been'known, in many instances, to extend mation, of the mucous membrane of the its ravages in certain localities as widely pharynx, and often o f the nasal cavity and as fatally during the heat of summer itself. There is also usually present an as at any other season o f the year. increased secretion of these parts, and a The observations compiled by Dr. H. B. tumid condition of the mucous membrane. Baker, Secretary of the State Board of This condition is particularly favorable, not Health of Michigan, show an increase, in only to the lodgment and development of the frequency of the disease during July the diphtheria germs, but to the develop­ and August. This may be due to the fact ment of the accompanying inflammation. that the great heat of those months en­ Chronic inflammation, or catarrh of the courages decomposition and the generation pharynx, as well as nasal catarrh, is also a of germs in unusual abundance. powerfully predisposing cause of diphthe­ Certain diseases, as whooping-cough, t y ­ ritic inflammation of those parts. When phoid fever, and scarlatina, are liable to be the mucous membrane is already affected followed by diphtheria, which is then by an inflammatory process, the presence known as secondary diphtheria. Children of the diphtheria organisms is all that is under ten years of age show a marked sus­ required to convert the morbid process into ceptibility to this disease. Between the a diphtheritic inflammation. Consequently ages of two and four years the suscepti­ those who are thus suffering should be ex­ bility is greatest. Children under one year ceedingly careful to avoid any sort of ex­ of age are not likely to have the disease. posure to infection from the disease. Per­ Yery young children seem to be almost sons who have been subject to pharyngeal wholly protected against it by their in­ catarrh find the difficulty increased after fancy. Children are not only the most an attack of diphtheria. liable to take the disease, but thejr are Insanitary conditions, by impairing the likely to suffer the most severely. Adults,, vital forces, and thus diminishing the vital except in cases of extreme old age, suffer resistance o f the tissues, will produce a much less from the most serious results o f strong predisposition to diphtheria. As the disease on account o f greater size o f the already shown, all sources, o f decay may larynx. In children the larynx is so small be sources of diphtheria poisoning, so that that suffocation is imminent. insanitary conditions are both directly and A mild or catarrhal form of the disease indirectly productive of this dangerous mal­ is very likely to he overlooked, or regarded ady. This fact is well worthy of repeated as only an ordinary sore throat, by physi­ emphasis when the larynx becomes af­ cians. Some physicians contend that the fected, while adults may suffer the same catarrhal form of diphtheria does not exist. 136 GOOD HEALTH.

Wo would call especial attention to the fact each other, being sometimes almost unin­ that epidemics of diphtheria are always telligible. The patient will sometimes com­ accompanied and followed by numerous plain o f liquids getting into the nasal cavity cases o f sore throat, tonsilitis, etc. Dr. in drinking. Arthur Downs, in an able article in the Paralysis of the muscles of the upper and American Medical Bi- Weekly, takes the lower extremities, of the larynx, of the face, position that these affections at such times the eye, the neck, trunk, and diaphragm, are “ essentially identical with undoubted and of other parts also, occurs in many in­ diphtheria.” The reasons he gives for thus stances, especially in the more severe cases, thinking are as follow s:— appearing a week or two after conva­ “ 1. These sore throats prevail correla- lescence begins. tively with the unquestioned cases of diph­ An important fact to be recollected is theria. 2. Under favorable conditions they that one attack of diphtheria is no pro­ may communicate the typical form of the tection against subsequent attacks. In­ disease. 3. The latter, also, in its turn, deed, a person who has had diphtheria is gives rise to these apparently trivial sore often more susceptible to the poison and throats.” Dr. Downs adds: “ I can only more liable to infection than if he had not repeat my conviction that, if the public suffered from the disease, on account o f the generally, and medical men in particu­ chronic inflammation of the throat which lar, dropping the misleading name derived frequently follows the disease. from a variable pathological appearance, t r e a t m e n t . would regard these concomitant ‘ sore The treatment of this disease has not throats’ as essentially ‘ diphtheritic,’ a great usually been very satisfactory. The his­ point would be gained toward the isolation tory of the various epidemics recorded so necessary, but at present so difficult to shows a mortality of one in every two and obtain. It is to this end that Dr. Thurs- one-half cases, or forty per cent in severe field, whose experience is second to none, cases. In some epidemics, a rate of mor­ strenuously urges the disuse of the modern tality as high as sixty and even seventy- term ‘ diphtheria,’ and the resumption of five per cent has been reached. This makes the old name, ‘ contagious cynache.’ ” the disease even more to be dreaded than P a r a l y s i s a n d O t h e r A f t e r B e s u l t s .— small-pox or cholera. Even yellow fever Secondary affections of various sorts may scarcely exceeds it in fatality. followanyform o f diphtheritic disease. The Notwithstanding the discouraging out­ most common o f these is paralysis. Par­ look for the treatment of this disease, alysis of the soft palate and pharynx is there is reason to hope that the adoption the most frequent; but the disease may of improved methods of treatment may involve any part or the whole of the mus­ greatly lessen its present fatality. Con­ cular system. This affection usually comes stant improvements are being made in the on after the local disease is cured, even as treatment of this as well as other diseases; late as the fifth or sixth week. It usually and it is to be hoped that in the near fut­ appears in the second or third week, be­ ure its terrible ravages will be stayed by ginning so insidiously as to be scarcely a better application o f remedies in its man­ noticeable, and gradually increasing until agement. The plan of treatment which we fully developed. The soft palate is first shall recommend is based on practical ex­ affected. The uvula hangs down, making perience in a large number of cases. To it impossible to give the open sound of the our personal knowledge it has been em­ vowel a. I f the paralysis is of one side ployed in a very large number of cases only, the uvula will be drawn over toward with remarkable success, no death occur­ the healthy side. The patient finds dif­ ring when the treatment was applied soon ficulty in articulation, in swallowing, and after the onset of the disease, and perse- in expectoration. The speech is thin and veringly employed. Wo have ourselves ob­ nasal. The sounds of syllables run into served its efficiency in the treatment of GOOD HEALTH. 137 fully one hundred cases, and have never . . . In fact, the profession has given seen a patient lost that was thus treated. up the use of caustics altogether, being con­ Yet it is not claimed that this or any other vinced that they rather aggravate than plan is a specific. W e expect sometime check the local process.” (Diphtheria; its to meet with a fatal case, since no method Nature and Treatment, Mackenzie.) of treatment can be infallible; but we are Numerous other equally eminent names thoroughly convinced that a great im­ might be cited as opposed to the use o f provement can be made on the ordinary caustics in this malady, among whom are mode o f treating this disease. Profs. Janeway and Lusk, of Bellevue Hos­

L o c a l T r e a t m e n t . — As already ob­ pital Medical College, New York. We have served, diphtheria is primarily a local dis­ dwelt thus lengthily upon the subject of ease. This being the case, its local treat­ caustic treatment because this obsolete ment becomes a matter of the greatest practice is still held to by physicians who consequence. Indeed, this portion of the have not had a large experience in the treatment should receive first attention. treatment o f this disease, or who have be­ This fact has been long recognized by one come too thoroughly fossilized to be able class o f physicians, those who have be­ to modify their ideas in accordance with lieved the disease to be essentially local in the most advanced information on this character; and a great variety of remedies subject.—Home Hand-Book. have been employed. Prominent among these has been the application of caustics ADAM CLARKE ON REFORM. of various sorts to the throat. Nitrate of silver, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, iodine, BY ELD. W. H. LITTLEJOHN. caustic potash, pure carbolic acid, and va­ I t is the misfortune of the Health and rious other caustics have been thus em­ Temperance cause that the influence of ployed, but none so frequently or so ex­ some very eminent men has been thrown tensively as the first named. against it. It would be difficult, for ex­ After dwelling at some length upon the ample, to estimate the injury done to the evil results o f cauterization, Oertel remarks young men of the country by the intem­ as follow s:— perance of such a man as Daniel Webster. “ There can be no doubt, then, that the Such was his genius, and so commanding unfavorable results which have been ob­ were his powers of oratory, that he has tained on all sides by cauterizations, more furnished the model upon which thou­ or less energetically practiced, must put a sands of our young men have sought to stop to this procedure, even if, in its stead, mold their individual characters. Having we should be obliged to resort to its op­ learned, therefore, that many of his proud­ posite, the purely expectant and symptom­ est efforts in oratory were made when atic treatment.” (Ziemsseris Cyclopedia of more or less under the influence of intoxi­ Medicine, vol. i., p. 673.) cants, they have very naturally fallen into Another author, eminent both as a teacher the error of attributing his success to the and as a practitioner of medicine, says:— use of stimulants. As a consequence— “A large proportion, if not the great ma­ reasoning that like causes will produce jority, of the practitioners of this country like results— they have sought for inspira­ have been led to discontinue the cauteriz­ tion in the decanter and found by a sad ing and irritating topical applications which experience that the only resemblance they have been heretofore in vogue.” (Practice bore to Mr. Webster in the end was found

of Medicine," by Austin Flint.) in the fact that like him they had become “ The use of a solution o f nitrate of silver, slaves to a habit which disgraced their and even of the solid stick, at one time met manhood and impaired their usefulness. with considerable support, . . . but it In view of these facts it is a pleasing as is being gradually abandoned by those who well as a profitable labor to undeceive the have had experience of recent epidemics. young by showing them that the use of 138 GOOD HEALTH. alcohol or stimulants of any nature is not or coffee. For these things I mostly found necessary to, nor compatible with, the a substitute in the morning ; and when I highest order of intellectual achievement. could not, I cheerfully went without at For this purpose it would be possible to breakfast ; and in their place I never took introduce a large number of eminent men; anything in the evening. B y this line of- but let it suffice for the present to call at­ conduct, I have not only joined hands with tention to two men whose names are fa­ God to preserve a feeble constitution, but miliar to every student of church history. I can demonstrate that I have saved sev­ I speak of John Wesley and Adam Clarke. eral whole years of time which otherwise Perhaps it would be impossible to find two must have been irrevocably lost, and per­ men who had left the imprint of their char­ haps my soul with them ; for I have often acters more visibly upon the church to had occasion to observe that tea-drinking which they belonged, and the religious age visits open the flood-gates of various temp­ in which they lived, than these two men tations.” have done. Both were voluminous writ­ In the same book we have the following ers, both were acceptable speakers, and respecting the use o f tobacco : “ Concern­ both were untiring workers. The amount ing that abominable and fatal drain of of work performed by each was simply human life, the pipe and the quid, I need prodigious. Mr. Wesley was perhaps the here say nothing. M y opinion has long more commanding character of the two ; since been before the public. I am sorry but Mr. Clarke has left us in his commen­ to say that I know several young men taries and other works, which were the who are to this day murdering themselves fruits of his scholarship, monuments which, in this way ; but they are by me incorrigi­ should time last, will perpetuate for ages ble. I leave them in the hands of God, the name of one who though unfavorably and say to you, never imitate them ; they circumstanced in early life made attain­ disgrace themselves and would disgrace ments in the world of letters, as well as you.” that of theology, which will secure to him In the foregoing every one must be the grateful remembrance of those who struck with the extreme conscientiousness shall reap the benefits of his toil. of the writer. It was enough for him to It would appear from Mr. Clarke’s own feel that he was incapable of answering statements, as found in the subjoined ex­ Mr. Wesley’s arguments against the use tracts, that the habits of Mr. Wesley and o f tea, to insure his discontinuance of the himself were most abstemious in their same for thirty-seven years. character. Mot only was liquor discarded I f Christian men at the present time, in­ by both of them, but their views of what stead of racking their brains and torturing constituted a thorough-going temperance their ingenuity to invent some excuse for reform was such that they not only re­ the continuance of a practice which squan­ jected such narcotics as opium and tobacco, ders the Lord’s means and wars upon the but that tea also was , entirely excluded health of his servants, would only follow from their bill o f fare as being an article Mr. Clarke’s example by abstaining from so pernicious in its effects upon the system the use o f that for which there is no logical that no Christian man would be justified defense, how short would be the conflict in its use. which is now going on between total ab­ In one of his works Mr. Clarke says: stainers and those who, while temperate “ Thirty-seven years ago I met with Mr. as it regards the use of liquor, continue to W esley’s ‘ Letter on Tea.’ I read it and re­ encourage the employment of another ar­ solved from that hour to drink no more of ticle which simply serves to beget an ap­ the juice o f that herb till I could answer his petite for the former. arguments and objections. I have seen that Again : if all Christian ministers would tract but once since; yet from that day bear as direct and positive testimony as until now, I have not drank a cup of tea did Mr. Clarke against the filthy habit of GOOD HEALTH. 139 tobacco-using, how long would it be before tents, like the brain, are protected care­ the church of Christ, at least, would be fully from external injury. The abdomen purged from its nauseating fumes ? is surrounded only by fleshy walls, and Finally: if such reformers as Wesley the pelvis is a bony cavity just below the and Clarke could perform through a series abdomen. A stout muscle called the dia­ of years the mental eifort required in the phragm separates the chest from the ab­ discharge of the arduous labors which de­ domen, but there is no separating wall or volved upon them, do we not find in that membrane between the abdomen and fact the most conclusive proof that the pelvis. God o f nature has so constituted us that Probably very few of our young lady we can labor for a longer period and per­ readers have ever seen even the semblance, form a better quality of service Avhen the except in wood cuts, of the human body brain is left in a normal condition than when laid open so as to expose the in­ could be done were it stimulated into un­ ternal organs. Many of them have, how­ natural action ? If so, then the two gentle­ ever, seen the inside of a pig, which very men in question have not only prolonged closely resembles the human animal in the their own usefulness by their abstemious arrangement of its internal parts, and habits, but they have also left to the young most have seen, or may easily see, the men of our generation a most satisfactory viscera of a chicken, if they will carefully solution of a vexed question, since they remove the surrounding walls without dis­ have demonstrated beyond a doubt that turbing the arrangement of the organs. habits o f the most rigid temperance are In the human body, as in the chicken, compatible with long life and years of these internal organs lie closely together mental exertion. Had they done nothing upon and alongside each other, so that the more than this, they would have been re­ cavities of the trunk are completely filled, paid a thousand times for their self-denial. and there is no waste room. When the Let all temperance workers emulate their lungs are fully expanded they not only example, and leave a life-record which will fill, but greatly enlarge, the chest, causing serve to illustrate over and over again the the ribs to spread apart and the abdomen fact that good health and long life can be to contract; when the lungs contract, the secured, and the maximum of labor per­ diaphragm descends into the abdomen a formed only when a man acts in harmony little way, depressing the stomach and the with the laws of his being. organs below it. Eespiration thus causes

A l l e g a n , M i c h . a continual expansion and contraction of these cavities. Now when one compresses the chest, as TIGHT LACING. is done in tight lacing, the ribs being tied [W e are glad to see that so influential down cannot expand, the lungs cannot be a journal as the New York Tribune is so filled with air, consequently the blood can­ outspoken and sensible on so important a not be purified as it should be. The upper subject as the above, as is indicated by the parts of the lungs being comparatively following article written by the lady edi­ free have all the office of respiration forced tor of the correspondent’s department.— upon them, and the lower parts become Ed.] congested to a degree, ultimately diseased, The trunk of the body is divided into and sometimes actually adhere to the three cavities, the chest, the abdomen, and walls of the chest. This compression be­ the pelvis. The chest contains the heart low the waist prevents the rise of the and lungs; the abdomen, the stomach, the stomach and bowels in respiration, and bowels, the liver, the spleen, the kidneys, crowds all the organs of the abdomen and the pancreas; the pelvis, the bladder, down upon the helpless and delicate and in the female the uterus. ’ The chest is organs of the pelvis, producing the most bounded by the ribs, the backbone and the frightful derangements, disorders, and dis­ sternum or breast-bone, so that its con­ eases. 140 GOOD HEALTH.

As if this were not enough, and as if feminine form—corsets would soon go out women were bent upon utterly destroying of fashion; but the slender waist, the long, the very citadel of their nervous systems, heavy, intolerable train with all its weight and making healthful wifehood, mother­ and cumberousness is even more fascinat­ hood, and childhood an impossibility, in ing to them than to the ladies. And it is addition to this barbarous compression, said that there are even men who wear nearly all the weight of the clothing is corsets and lace themselves. hung upon the hips and pulls and coaxes We do not propose to argue the ques­ and compels the organs of the abdomen to tion. We simply place life and death be­ complete the destruction of the organs of fore our young women readers, and im­ the pelvis. Just at the present time fash­ plore them to choose life that they may ion dictates slight draperies around the live. Especially we heg mothers to give lower part of the body, but the weight is this subject their earnest attention and kept up with heavy fringes, flounces, banish from their daughter’s wardrobe all passementerie, and the like. instruments of deformity and tight lacing. It is estimated by intelligent physicians W e earnestly advise them to acquaint that four-fifths of American women are at themselves thoroughly with such physio­ this writing suffering from some one or logical knowledge as will enable them to other of the threescore diseases peculiar teach their daughters everything neces­ to their sex, and this suffering is mainly sary for them to know in order to become caused by that instrument of torture, than healthful women, and to train them in which the Inquisition devised nothing so such habits of dress and living as will be cunningly and so slowly cruel, the corset. conducive to health and not destructive Suppose, now, that you put a corset to it. nicely fitting on a pig or a chicken, and draw it tightly around them. Soon the HOME-MADE SICKNESS.

muscles compressed would lose all elastic­ W e r e it not that the human constitu­ ity, the blood would become poisoned, and tion has an enduring quality compared the animals sicken and die. Would any­ with which the toughness of the mule is one dare to eat the carcass of an animal sweet infantile tenderness, the atmosphere thus treated? And yet women seem to of the average city home in cold weather think that a human body thus abused may would make the city lively with funeral become the parent of normal and healthy processions. A visitor needs merely to infancy, and itself enjoy immunity from pass the front doors of most houses to dis­ disease. But says one: “ I don ’t lace cover odors that do not seem traceable to tight.” Perhaps not; but you surround any particular article, yet which have an yourself with a network of unnecessary oppressive effect upon respiration; some­ bones and satinet, which prevents the full times a similar effect is experienced where and free play of the intercostal and ab­ no odor is perceptible. Occasionally the dominal muscles; and this is proven by residents of a house, returning from church, the fact that every woman who wears a theater, or party, notice this peculiarity of corset says 'she would “ fall all to pieces ” the atmosphere, and promptly say all sorts if she should lay it aside. I f she should o f bad things about the plumber, who prob­ lay it aside and exercise properly, and ably deserves them all; but no one seems wear her clothing suspended entirely from to think that the air of the house should her shoulders instead o f from her hips, in be changed once in a while during the a short time her muscles would become winter. elastic and firm, and hold her up without The air o f an unoccupied house, with no any aid o f whalebone and silecia. connection whatever with the sewers or The fact is that men are as much to other sources of disease, is utterly unfit to blame for tight lacing in women as women breathe; for it is continually being robbed are, perhaps more. I f men admired women of its oxygen by carpets, furniture, floors, shaped like the Venus di Medici— the ideal walls, and everything else that is suscep­ GOOD HEALTH. 141 tible of decay. What, then, must be the longer permitted to follow his poetical condition of the atmosphere of a house amusement o f looking the sun out of coun­ where half a dozen people and an equal tenance, but tethered to a humble roost, number of gas-burners or lamps are daily he was but the object of vulgar curiosity. assisting at the work of deoxygenating And he read in his own unhappy experi­ the air and loading it with impurities? ence the fate of his family’s renown. There are many houses in which people Once the American Eagle ranked with who are cold would be warmed quicker by the British Lion or the Bussian Bear. leaving a window open for two minutes Armies would rally at its warning cry; than by hugging the fire ; for impure air the nation stood ready to uphold its honor. greatly lessens physical warmth. But who How are the mighty fallen 1 The scream ever sees a window open in New York, of the eagle has died on our shores and even for a minute, unless for the purpose another squeal fills the land. The soaring1 of being washed ? Continuous ventilation pride of our country has been eclipsed by is never thought of hy more than one the greed for gain. Old Abe is left to builder in a hundred, so but few people languish in durance, while the prowess of can hope always to breathe pure air in­ the nation upholds the reputation of the doors in cold weather. An occasional hog. An affront is offered to his swineship opening of doors and windows through­ by the people of the old countries who pro­ out the day, however, the work being done test that they do n’t want any more measly most thoroughly just before bedtime, pork or trichinsB. These being prime in­ would put an end to thousands of cases gredients of a good (?) porker, their re­ of sickness and debility that come from pudiation by those audacious Europeans no cause but impure air.— New York causes a panic in the ring. His devotees Herald. cry out in terror. Doctors declare that hog cholera is in no way related to what “ OLD ABE IS DEAD.” we call cholera, and that trichinae are harm­ less if properly cooked. Boards o f trade BY G. C. TENNEY. pronounce the hog sound in body (with P a r a g r a p h s with the above heading some unimportant exceptions). A new were to be seen in many o f the papers a administration takes charge of our gov­ few weeks since. The subject o f the notice ernment, and the vigor o f its initial ful- was the famous war eagle of the Eighth mination through its Minister of State is Wisconsin Eegiment. The bird was cap­ directed against those menial enemies of tured in the northern part of Wisconsin American prosperity who close their mouth at the begining of the war, and was pre­ to the much honored hog. Our national sented to the regiment and accompanied representatives abroad are instructed by it through all its campaigns. Many stories telegraph to check at once these symp­ are told, and believed by the credulous, of toms of insubordination, and to hold them­ his courage and enthusiasm in battle and selves in readiness with an emphatic pro­ his sagacity in camp. Since the war he test to any future signs of disrespect to has been quartered in the Capitol at Mad­ American pork. ison, and has been an object of interest Old Abe survives the shock about two and curiosity to visitors until his late de­ weeks and then he dies. A few o f us cease. According to the post-mortem he cherish his memory; but some shout, died of pneumonia. But it is probable “ The king is dead, long live the king!” that a more critical examination would have revealed the fact that he died of —A young lady being taken to task for melancholia induced by the contemplation tight lacing, said that she resorted to the of his humiliation, both as an individual practice on purely economical grounds. and also as a representative of that proud “ How is that?” asked her reprover. race which was once the chosen emblem “ Why,” she replied, “ I lace tightly simply of our national spirit and ambition. No to prevent waistfulness 1 ” 142 GOOD HEALTH.

3 TEMPERANCE # MISCELLANY, ! £ <3 - > s = i - 0) Devoted to Temperance, Mental and Moral Culture, Social Science, Natural History, and other interesting Topics.

THE SIFTING OF PETER. A SERVICE OF SONG. A FOLK-SONG. A STORY FOR YOUNG LADIES. “ Behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may gift you as wheat.”—St. Luke 22 :31 . BY HOWE BENNING.

I n St. Luke’ s Gospel we are told O u t s i d e , a long, low stretch, of sandy How Peter in the days of old beach, lying prone for miles under low- Was sifted; scudding November clouds. Beyond, a A nd now, though ages intervene, restless, murky expanse of waves tossing Sin is the same, while time and scene continually white crests between the two Are shifted. darknesses. Shoreward, a reedy swamp­

Satan desires us, great and small, land, with sluggish green creeks oozing A s wheat, to sift us, and we all through shriveled sedges. And lying be­ Are tempted; tween, as it were, prone almost as the N ot one, however rich or great, sands, brown as the withered rushes, a Is by his station or estate mere speck on the dreary waste, a tiny Exempted. hut with its wavering line of smoke speak­ ing of human life and needs within. No house so safely guarded is But he, by some device of his, A more desolate and dreary picture it Can enter; would be difficult for even a painter’s im­ No heart hath armor so complete agination to conceive, and impossible to But he can pierce with arrows fleet represent. But those who might have Its center. been fascinated by the scene on canvas

For all at last the cock will crow had no eyes for its real grandeur; for as Who hear the warning voice, but go the threatening clouds swept lower over Unheeding, the brown earth and the tossing sea, even Till thrice and more they have denied sending out spiteful dashes of half-frozen The Man of Sorrows, crucified rain as precursors of the coming storm, a And bleeding. light carriage drawn by two handsome

One look of that pale suffering face horses dashed into view along the road W ill make us feel the deep disgrace leading from the beach. Moved by some Of weakness; girlish freak of seeing the ocean in its No­ We shall he sifted till the strength vember coloring, Marian Laird had ordered Of self-conceit he changed at length the coachman, and, accompanied by her To meekness. friend Clara Dunning, rode out from the

W ounds of the soul, though healed, will ache; distant city to this lonely place. Warmly The reddening scars remain, and make wrapped, and carried away by the unusual Confession; sight, the girls had failed to notice the Lost innocence returns no more; nearness o f the storm until the coachman W e are not what we were before called their attention and suggested their Transgression. immediate return home. But his caution But noble souls, through dust and heat, came too late. Before they could even get Rise from disaster and defeat off the sands, the first drops had fallen and The stronger, the darkness seemed to be sweeping down And conscious still of the divine upon them. W ithin them, lie on earth supine N o longer. “ It’s going to be a dreadful shower, Rod­ — U. W. Longfellow, in Harper's Magazine. ney; what can we do ? ” asked Marian. GOOD HEALTH. 143

“ 1 don’t see nothin’ for it, miss, ’less you understood, but sufficient to guide the girls run into this old shanty here we’re cornin’ in the direction of the speaker. to. Mebbe it’ll keep you dry.” For after her first frightened start at the “ But what will you and the horses do?” sudden voice, Marian had stepped to the “ It comes pretty low from the west, open door of a second tiny room, and sought miss, and I guess if we get up close as we to see in the dim twilight who might be can to the east side of the old thing, we’ll speaking. As her eyes became wonted, she manage to keep off a little. Anyway, I could see in a corner, a few feet from her, don’t see no better.” the tall posts of a bedstead, and sitting “ Drive on quick, then,” ordered Marian. upon it, waving too and fro, the outline of “ It ’11 all be in the line of our adventures,” a human figure. The room was very small, she added gleefully to Clara. “ I ’ve always and its one window was shaded by a thick wanted to see the inside of one of these shawl hung over it. Marian was a girl of shanties; now’s our chance.” nerve, and she stepped across and drew “ I hope there are not more than a half- back the shawl and fastened it on a nail. dozen small children here, or our chance Then the twilight became clearer, and she for getting inside will be a limited one,” could see in the wild, unkempt figure on remarked Clara, as the carriage stopped the bed the wreck of a women, once large at the low door of the hut, that seemed and tall, and whose erect figure even now, smaller than ever in its nearness; but a and a certain poise of the head and flash of sudden gust o f wind bearing larger and the eye, spoke of a once vigorous and more furious drops in its chilling folds spirited nature. stopped all hesitation, and the girls pushed “ That’s good of you,” said the woman, open the creaking door and entered: a man, fixing her sharp glance, that made Marian dirty and uncombed, with an old cloak over involuntarily remember the Ancient Mari­ his shoulders, rushed out and joined Bod- ner and his “ glittering eye,” upon her. ney and the horses panting under the “ That’s good of you, and there ain’t much eastern eaves. that’s good left. Ned never’11 do that— “ N o children at all here,” muttered says the light’s too clean a thing for me.” Clara; for the girls stood alone in a tiny “ And can’t you get up yourself?” asked untidy room, with a furious fire blazing in Marian, pityingly. a little stove in one corner, and a heap of “ Oh, not now, not now. It’s more than broken boards sending up a salt moisture one turn of the seasons since my feet’s been beside it, and every available spot and cor­ on the floor. I just sit here and starve. ner of the walls pasted over with pictures Yes, starve! ” as she saw the girls start; cut from the illustrated newspapers, most “ but it’s not always for the lack of food. of them from the Police Gazette, and many Sometimes I can’t eat, though there’s a covered with the grime and dust of years. plateful before me. It won’t let me.” Everything was so utterly new to these “ It ? What do you mean ? ” asked Clara. girls, brought up amid the daintiest sur­ “ The snake, miss. There’s a snake in roundings, that they were silent from sheer my throat. I swallowed it twenty year or surprise. more ago, and it’s been living and growing “ Are we all alone here, I w onder?” then in me ever since. When I go to eat, it said Clara in a whisper. A groan seemed to comes up in my throat and tries to get the answer so near at hand as to make both food, and chokes me and makes me feel so start and turn in its direction. sick. Oh, so sick 1 I can’t tell you. Then “ What you doing there, Ned ? ” a harsh I feel it crawl down again. Oh, it’s ter­ voice called out. “ Why didn’t you bring rible, terrible! ” me the water, as you promised? Ain’t it It was terrible, certainly, to see the poor enough that it’s nothing but water, that sufferer now, with her large features Avork- you must begrudge me even that? ” And ing convulsively, and her large bony fingers then the voice muttered on; too low to be writhing aimlessly in the air. The girls 144 GOOD HEALTH.

felt sick at heart at this their first close aching with the throbbings of that “ uni­ introduction to misery. versal pity” whose beginning is in the In­ “ Aren’t you afraid of her?” whispered finite Love. What were all vows uttered Clara. hitherto in church or in secret by this girl, But the woman, who, after her violent to the unuttered one that now ascended to outbreak, had closed her eyes in weari­ the Divine Bar! ness, so making more sharply defined the The woman looked up again presently. gaunt grimness of her features, now opened “ Are you here still?” she asked. them and seemed to scan more closely her “ Yes.; is there nothing I can do for unwonted visitors, then she put out her you?” asked Marian, bending over her. fingers and touched gently the fur wrap of “ No, nothing. If you could only make Marian, who stood nearest. me forget; but that you can’t. You’re “ I used to be like you,” she suddenly good to ask it, though,” she said, more exclaimed, lifting her glance to Marian’s calmly than she had yet spoken. “ My old face. father he used to say to me when I was “ Did you?” asked the girl. “ How did growing up like you, gay and happy, ‘ My you come here, then?” girl, let your life be a service of song;’ “ I don’t know,” said the woman, wearily; and some way, you standing there so “ I used to wear shining dresses, and soft straight and strong, put me in mind of it. cloaks, and jewels on my fingers and neck. But I never did, more’s the pity. I ’ll give They are all gone now. 1 let them go, one over the word to you now, but do n’t you at a time. Shall I tell you what fo r ? ” fail on it, will you? I did, though.” “ Yes, do,” said Marian. “ Marian, it’s almost stopped raining,” “ I wanted them to drink, miss, and I called Clara, “ and Rodney’s motioning us drank them up. That was before the to come out. Do let’s hurry; I’m sure I snake got into my throat, you must know. shall stifle here!” How that chokes me off so that 1 can’t Marian stooped for one moment toward drink, even when Ned leaves me a drop, the poor, half-crazed woman. “ God help and that isn ’t often. I used to have a you,” she said, and turned to follow Clara. great table full of shining things, and there “ Did you see the old lady within, miss ? ” was always red glasses, and how they asked Rodney, as they drove away in the sparkled and trembled, and I loved them. misty chill. I learned to love them better than my Marian wondered at the title. “ Yes; children; the minister said better than do you know anything o f h er?” she asked. my soul. Perhaps I did. I never see them “ Happen so, yes. She belonged to the now. Do you, miss?” quality once herself, miss. Her husband Marian started quickly. “ I do not think w as ,” naming a high official, “ and she I shall ever see them in my hand again,” had servants in plenty to wait on her, but she said, quietly. And this from self- she took to drink, miss. First to wine, contained Marian Laird, who had often and when that was n’t strong enough, to declared all temperance pledges “ absurd brandy, like a common woman. By-and- and useless! ” by the shame took her, and she ran away The woman’s head had sunk back against from children and home, and they lost the high post, and she looked very tired. track of her for a long time, till she turned The storm was passing on ; its clatter was up here with this Ned. Not much of him less incessant upon the windows o f the either. He ’buses her as he likes, I guess; outside, and the light was brightening. but he says she’s got no mind left, and it’s Clara gathered her garments about her likely not, by this time. Bad case, miss. and sat down beyond the doorway. Ma­ Go ’long, Prince,” to his horse; “ do n’t be rian stood still by the bedside, her eyes heady like a woman”—and the story was taking in the wretchedness of the room, ended. the gauntness of its inmate, and her heart (To be continued.) GOOD HEALTH. 145

WHAT IS THE CHIEF END OF WOMAN? What sent my mind to this subject was

By MBS. C. F. WILDER. a remark made by my “ John ” the other day, showing how very little men know Do n’t you remember tbe question in about this thing of woman’s work. The the Catechism, What is the chief end of children had been very fretful for several man? I have often wished we had had days, and added to the labor of the house­ one asking, W hat is the chief end of work, was the care for them, and my anx­ woman ? Then we, the poor, weak, blun­ iety, as I knew nothing but illness caused dering half of humanity, could have fol­ their fretfulness. One night I actually was lowed a guide-post which all our life would too tired to sleep, and in the morning I have pointed in some definite way. As it said so to John. is, the index seems to be set on a pivot, and points in the direction the popular voice “ W hy not leave something undone while indicates. Just now it would he difficult the children are ill ? ” was his reply. to discover that direction. The men seem After he had gone to the office I thought, to have dropped the subject of woman’s “ Why not?” But what? Shall I leave mission, as a problem that it will do to the dishes unwashed ? Too absurd. Shall think about before arriving at the solution. I leave the floors unswept and the room They are still searching for a theorem, we not dusted ? I f a speck of dust is on a chair- feel confident. Just now the murky at­ round, John never fails to see that round, mosphere of their own political world is and is annoyed by it. His eyes say, so heavy that it is all they can do to mark “ W hat! all day, and not time to dust a out the paths for their own feet to walk chair-round ? ” How about the bed-rooms, in. They are through laughing at us over the kitchen-work, the cooking and mend­ the result of the ballot on the subject of ing? John is very particular about the mak­ education in Massachusetts. They have ing o f his bed. I f the kitchen-work is cried until they are hoarse against the sins undone, he asks if Bridget has returned. which so easily beset us in regard to love As to the cooking, would n’t he sr y, “ Men o f dress, spending “ precious ” time in must eat if they work.” A hole in the fancy-work, painting daubs with which to sock or a missing shirt button—why, I’d torment our aesthetic friends; decorating rather have a Kansas thunder-storm, and plates and platters to hang upon our walls so would most wives. until they look as if broken out with majol­ A woman’s housework is never done, ica measles, and all the other foolish ways and this never-endingness is something to in which “ women run wild.” But in tak­ think about. We have not a power of ing away all these, our loves, what do they mind or a skill of body which our daily offer in place ? life does not draw upon. Is this our mis­ They sometimes refer us to Paul and tell sion? To be a wife, a home-keeper, a us to be “ keepers at home.” “ Women mother— is this the chief end of woman ? were created for helpmeets for men.” I think it may be to some of us, and if it “ They are the mothers of the nation.” is, should we not be able to fill our place Sometimes we find something more defi­ with knowledge and wisdom ? How many nite, as the follow ing: “ A woman should of us do this ? Knowledge and wisdom,— not marry until she is able to cut and make the very things we cannot have, because her own, her husband’s and her children’s to obtain them we fail to have the leisure garments.” Probably that article from and opportunities for culture. The hus­ which we quote was not only read by band, so long as the wife is amiable, thrifty, every man who took up the papers in efficient, and places before him three good which it was published, but we doubt not meals each day, kindly lets her alone. Of that it was re-read aloud to the wife, and his business affairs he talks over to her read with marked emphasis. I f this is the only its trials: he does not read aloud to chidf end of woman, why are n’t we told her, or discuss with her the leading arti­ so in our girlhood, and why are not we cles in his favorite papers. He goes else­ prepared for our work ? where to find intellectual companionship. He does not provide her with papers and far into the night, putting “ blind stitches ” books suitable to her needs. And, alas ! into the trimming on their daughter’s too many women have no taste for books, clothes ? I know mothers who have done for reading, and no desire for higher this, who are now taking the rest of which thoughts in preference to lower thoughts. they deprived themselves for the sake of But should not the husband, if he does their children,—taking the long rest from not care for his own comfort or his wife’s which their sorrowing children call them benefit in this matter, should he not, for in vain. the sake of the children, give the wife the The plea o f the mothers, one and all, is, leisure and the opportunities for culture ? “ My husband likes the pies and dainties ; Should not the mother, for the sake of the he can’t do without them. My children little ones, prepare herself to answer their must look like other people’s children.” questions about the “ number of legs of And silently they add, “ There is no way the spider;” “ the reason why a fly can but for me to go on in my path of self- walk on glass and not tumble off; ” abnegation.” “ What is the moon, mother? ” “ Do tell I read this article over, then took my me about the birds, how can they fly ? ” baby from her cradle ; and as I smoothed “ H ow are their bones different from down her dress, covered with puffs, tucks, ours ? ” All these questions and hundreds and embroidery, I said to myself, “ Con­ of others are asked by the little ones of in­ sistency, thou art a je w el! ”— But then, telligent mothers. By-and-by, it will he, she is the baby. “ What may I read ? ” “ AYhy can’t I read What is the chief end of woman ?— Ad­ this? ” “ What is the use o f reading that? ” vance. Unfortunate the child searching for light, if he is led by a blind mother. What it Costs to Smoke.—What it costs to smoke is shown by the following com­ A spirit of martyrdom is a very good putation, upon the basis of a weekly ex­ thing—when it is absolutely necessary. penditure of $1, the amount (§26) being But would n’t it be more sensible to save brought in as capital at the end of every the “ martyrdom ” for something of genu­ six months, at seven per cent per annum, ine importance ? If we are doing unnec­ compound interest. It amounts at the essary work, which, if left undone, would end of save us vitality, strength, and time, is n’t it a work of supererogation for us to go on 5 years to.. . $304 96 35 years to.. . .$7,511 08 it in this self-denying manner? If we are 10 . 735 15 40 “ . . . .10,900 07 15 a . 1,341 97 45 “ . . . .15,680 59 breaking our backs over pie-crust, crullers 20 tt . 2,193 91 50 u ..22,423 98 and doughnuts, aren’t we foolish, when 25 u . 3,405 37 55 it . .31,936 19 the substitute of oat-meal, cracked wheat, 30 u . 5,108 56 60 it ..44,354 11 and apple-sauce would be so much better ? I f for five, ten, or fifteen dollars, the spring Tyranny of Fashion.— Richard the Third or fall sewing and mending could be done, had a humped back, and, as ancient story and thereby for a whole season the last goes, humping became fashionable during straw be saved from going on our already his reign. The courtiers, the lords, the heavy load, would we iiot better deny our­ ladies, and the under gentry wore each a selves the extra thread lace, or even one fashionable crook in the back ; so that the dress, and carry a lighter heart and less English of that day were a “ crooked gener­ burdened shoulders ? ation” sure enough. Be this, however, as If our little girls look just as sweet in a it may, in point of ridiculous absurdity it plainly-made sack apron, why don’t we hardly exceeds what is frequently seen oftener save ourselves the time and labor among ourselves. of the plaiting, the embroidery, and the Though we would be called a Christian doing up of laces? And our older chil­ people, it is a fact, as notorious as sad, dren !—How many mothers have sat up that an anti-Christian deity is worshiped GOOD HEALTH. 147 among us in town and country, and by mouth?’ The great difficulty with all immense numbers of all classes and both sinners is that they are governed by ap­ sexes. Look where you will, you will see petite and not by reason—they are led by the law of sin in their members, rather all ranks bowing, cringing, bending the than by conscience and the blessed will knee— to what? To Fashion. This is the c f God.” goddess of their idolatry. They yield im­ plicit obedience to her laws, however ab­ Descent of Man.—Two French savants surd and barbarous; and though she have for the last twelve months been changes as often as the moon, they follow keeping nine pigs in a state of habitual her in all her changes, and ape her in all her freaks— humping when she humps.— drunkenness, with a view of testing the Sei. effects of different kinds o f alcoholic liq­ uors, the Prefect of the Seine having Children Poisoned with Tobacco.— In one kindly put some sties in the yard of the of the schools of Brooklyn, a boy thirteen municipal slaughter-houses at the disposal years old, naturally very quick and bright, of the savants, in order that they might was found to be growing dull and fitful. conduct their interesting experiment at the His face was pale, and he had nervous smallest cost to themselves. Pigs were chosen for the experiment because of the twitchings. He was obliged to quit school. close resemblance of their digestive appa­ Inquiry showed that he had become a con­ ratus to that of man. The pig who takes firmed smoker of cigarettes. When asked absinthe is first gay, then excitable, irri­ why he did not give it up, he shed tears, table, combative, and finally drowsy ; the and said he had often tried, but could not. pig who has brandy mixed with his food The growth of this habit is insidious and is cheerful all through till he falls to sleep ; its effects ruinous. The eyes, the brain, the rum-swilling'pig becomes sad and som­ the nervous system, the memory, the power nolent almost at once; while the pig who o f application, are all impaired by it. “ It’s takes gin conducts himself in eccentric nothing but a cigarette,” is really, “ It is ways, grunting, squealing, tilting his head nothing but poison.” German and French against the sty door, and rising on his physicians have recently protested against hind legs as if to sniff the wind. These it, and a convention of Sunday and secular experiments, taken in connection with the teachers was recently held in England to pig’s well known personal peculiarities in check it. It was presided over by an emi­ feeding and his obstinate refusal to travel nent surgeon of a royal eye infirmary, who the coi-rect path, go far to show that man stated that many diseases o f the eye were was evolved from the hog rather than directly caused by it. Parents, save your from the monkey, as some have surmised. children from this vice, if possible. Do — Journal of Science. ♦ not allow them to deceive you. In future years they will rise up and bless you for The Quaker and the Drunkard.— A Quaker restraining them.— Christian Advocate. was once advising a drunkard to leave off his habit o f drinking. Wanted Something to Sweeten his Mouth.— A temperance exchange states that Hussey “ Can you tell me how to do it? ” said relates the following case:— the slave of the appetite. Quaker. “ It is just as easy as to open “ Several years ago, a man applied to me thy hand, friend.” for advice, and commenced a narration of Drunkard. “ Convince me of that, and I his symptoms, in which I soon interrupted will promise, upon my honor, to do as you him by saying, ‘ Sir, you use tobacco.’ tell me.” ‘ Yes,’ he replied, ‘ I chew a little.’ ‘ Well, Quaker. “ Well, friend, when thou find- sir, do you think it does you any good?’ est any vessel of intoxicating liquor in thy ‘ X o,’ said ho, ‘ I think not. I believe, on hand, open the hand that contains it be­ the whole, it hurts me.’ ‘ Y eiy well, then, fore it reaches thy mouth, and thou wilt why don’t you stop it?’ ‘Because a man never be drunk again.” naturally wants a little something, you Surely this was a simple remedy. The know, to sweeten his mouth after dinner.’ toper was so pleased with the plain advice ‘ Pray, sir, what do you eat for dinner, if that he followed it and became a sober that nauseous thing will sweeten your man. 148 GOOD HEALTH.

A New Theory Concerning Earthquakes.— According to Nature, a new and somewhat JgOPOLAR flciENCE. bold hypothesis has been propounded by Dr. Novak, of Pesth, as to the cause of — An effort is being made to introduce earthquakes. He considers that, besides the English skylark into this country. the rotation of the earth on its axis and its revolution round the sun, a multiplicity — Egyptian mummies have become a of motions o f the earth appear in space, in matter of merchandise within the last few virtue of which the earth’s axis, and with years. it the equator, shift their position. This causes a variation of the forces influencing — The Panama canal is now an assured the earth’s form (centrifugal and centrip­ project, and will probably be ready for use etal force), and the earth has the ten­ in about seven years. dency to adapt itself to this change. He also considers a change of the form of the — A large share of the ivory used at the earth to occur through the shifting of the present time consists of the tusks of fossil pole and the equator, and that this may mammoths brought from Siberia. have effect some time afterward, where the earth’s crust is weak. — The last heard from Stanley, the Af­ rican explorer, was last December, when Origin of the Word “ Canada.” — The ori­ he was seen near the Congo river. gin of the word “ Canada” is curious enough. The Spaniards visited that coun­ — To prevent corrosion o f steel pens, try previous to the French, and made soak them half an hour in a solution of particular search for gold and silver, and sulphate of copper, then dry slowly. finding none, they often said among them­ selves, “Aca nada ”— there is nothing here. — A company of mounted soldiers at The Indians, who watched closely, learned the Cape of Good Hope were struck by this sentence and its meaning. The French lightning, ten men and several horses being arrived, and the Indians, who wanted none instantly killed. of their company, and supposed they also were Spaniards come on the same errand, — The experiment of manufacturing sug­ were anxious to inform them in the Span­ ar from beets in this country has proved ish sentence, “Aca nada.” The French, who a failure in every instance. The sugar knew less o f Spanish than the Indians, made was excellent in quality, but the cost supposed this incessantly recurring sound of production was so great as to make the was the name of the country, and gave it business unremunerative. the name of “ Canada,” which it has borne ever since. — It is stated by M. DeLesseps that the opening of the Suez canal has increased Aztec Ruins.— The Arizona Silver Belt de­ the rain-fall in the surrounding country to scribes one of the finest and least known a remarkable extent. Previous to 1870, of the Aztec ruins. Originally it was three rain fell only about once in a year, while stories high, but only two o f them remain. now it falls at least twice in a year. It is built under a cliff, and of rock. The adobe clay of the country was used for Instantaneous Photography.—A process mortar, and it has become exceedingly of instantaneous photography has recently hard. There were no Diston brick trowels been perfected, whereby that art is so in those days, as the marks of the fingers greatly enlarged that objects in motion of the primitive masons were as plainly can be easily pictured. Horses trotting, visible as if the work had been done a few cattle grazing, people laughing, walking, days ago. Digging down through the de­ or running, are distinctly taken, and with­ bris on the floor, small ears of com were out the stiff unnatural expression so gen­ found, having kernels about the same size erally unavoidable when obliged to re­ and shape as Egyptian corn. No part of main in one position the usual length of the world, outside of those countries which time. A préparation o f gelatine is used, have religious or classical associations con­ instead of collodion, as a medium for the nected with them, presents so interesting chemicals employed in making the nega­ a field for archaeological research as A ri­ tives by this process. zona. GOOD HEALTH. 149

Aerial Telegraphy.— Professor Loomis tion, Dr. Pagliani, whose arm was in the recently conducted a series of experiments apparatus, was requested to multiply two in the mountainous regions of West Vir­ hundred and sixty-seven by eight, men­ ginia, which successfully demonstrated that tally, and to make a sign when he had telegraphy without wires is practicable, finished. The recorded curve showed very l ’he mode of operating consists in running distinctly how much more blood the brain a wire up to a certain altitude or until it took to perform the operation. reaches a particular current of electricity. Hence the plethysmograph is capable ot This same current may be reached at any measuring the relative amount of mental distance away by another wire, and com­ power required by different persons to munication thus established. It has been work out the same mental problem. fully ascertained that telegraphic commu­ Indeed, Mr. Gaskell suggests the use of nication takes place through the ground the instrument in the examination room, and not over the wires, and this same to find out, in addition to the amount of communication continues when the natu­ knowledge a man possesses, how much ef­ ral electric currents are used. This mode fort it causes him to produce any particular o f telegraphy requires but very simple ap­ result of brain-work. paratus. Professor Loomis telegraphed to Dr. Mosso relates that, while the appa­ parties eleven miles distant by merely send­ ratus was set up in his room in Turin, a ing up a kite, at each end o f the distance, classical man came in to see him. He looked until they reached the same required cur­ very contemptuously upon it, and asked of rent. Attached to each kite, instead of the what use it could be, saying it could n’t do ordinary string, was a fine copper wire, anybody any good. which connected with a Morse instrument, Dr. Mosso replied: “ Well, now, I can by means of which the message was sent. tell you by that whether you can read Professor Loomis has a scheme on foot for Greek as readily as you can Latin.” a series of experiments from a point on one As the classicist would not believe it, of the highest Alps to a similar position in his own arm was put into the apparatus, the R ocky Mountains. All the funds neces­ and he was given a Latin book to read. sary to carry on the experiments have been A very slight sinking of the reserve was promised. the result. A Remarkable Machine.— A machine has The Latin book was then taken away, been invented by Dr. Mosso, of Turin, and a Greek book was given to him. which measures thought. It is called the This produced immediately a much deeper plethysmograph, and its revelations are curve. based on the fact that thought creates He had asserted before that it was quite nervous action, which consumes in its per­ as easy for him to read Greek as Latin, formance a certain quantity of blood, and and that there was no difficulty in doing that quantity may be measured. In an either. Dr. Mosso, however, was able to address before the American Association show him that he was laboring under a de­ o f Paris, Professor G. P. Barker describes lusion. the machine and its working as follows :— Again, this apparatus is so sensitive as to The forearm, for example, being the or­ be useful for ascertaining how much a per­ gan to be experimented on, is placed in a son is dreaming. cylinder of water and tightly inclosed. A When Dr. Pagliani went to sleep in the rubber tube connects the interior of the apparatus, the effect upon the resulting cylinder with the recording apparatus. curve was very marked indeed. With the electric circuit by which the He said afterward that he had been in a stimulus was applied to produce contrac­ sound sleep, and remembered nothing of tion, were two keys, one of which was a what passed in the room— that he had dummy. been absolutely unconscious; and yet every It was noticed that, after using the little movement in the room, such as the active key several times, producing vary­ slamming of a door, the barking of a dog, ing current strengths, the curve sank as and even the knocking down of a bit of before on pressing down the inactive key. glass, were all marked on the curves. Since no real effect was produced, the re­ Some times he moved his lips, and gave sult was caused solely by the imagination, other evidences that he was dreaming. blood passing from the body to the brain They were all recorded on the curve, the in the act. amount of blood required for dreaming di­ To test further the effect of mental ac­ minishing that in the extremities. 150 GOOD HEALTH.

BATTLE CREEK, MICH,, MAY, 1881.

J. H . KELLOGG, M. D., EDITOR. TERMS, $1.00 A YEAR.

• THE PORCINE INDUSTRY. this constant surplus of blood is disease of the scalp and of the brain itself. Head­ P rob ab ly the great reason why the ache is an almost constant symptom of the American people generally, and especially injury which is being wrought by this im­ farmers, are unwilling to believe in the proper treatment of the head. reality of the danger from the use of pork, is the fact that the business of raising In consequence o f the disease o f the hogs is very renumerative, and one of the scalp, the hair soon becomes diseased, great industries of the country. A well- loses its brilliancy and color, becomes dry known educator of Illinois, once remarked and harsh, and in many cases is lost al­ on the subject of swine raising, that “ the together, complete and incurable baldness average Western farmer toils hard, early ensuing. and late, often depriving himself of The congestion of the brain—which at needed rest and sleep— for what? To first occasions only headache—when con­ raise com. For what? To feed hogs. tinued, produces structural disease of that For what? To get money with which to organ. The blood-vessels become weak­ buy more land. For what? To raise ened, and sometimes ruptured, when the more corn. For what? To feed more patient either dies of apoplexy or lingers hogs. For what? To buy more land. a miserable paralytic. And what does he want with more land ? When the head is encumbered with an Why, he wishes to raise more corn—to unnatural mass of hair, and the brain is feed more hogs—to buy more land—to clogged by the excessive amount of blood raise more com — to feed more hogs— and and supernatural heat which result, the in this circle he moves, until the Al­ mind cannot act freely and naturally; mighty stops his hoggish proceedings.” hard study, deep thought, and continued Some other means of turning the hog mental exercise are impossible. This is into money must be found. It will not do the reason why fashionable young ladies to eat the hog simply because it is profit­ find study so hard for them, and appar­ able to raise him. Perhaps he would do ently injurious. The incubus of such a well as a scavenger. prodigious weight as many a fashionable lady carries upon her cranium, would be quite sufficient to eclipse the mental FALSE HAIR AND HAIR DYES. powers of the most brilliant genius. No The ungainly masses of unnecessary wonder that woman has sometimes failed material which fashion has heaped upon in mental competition with her brothers the heads of those who bow to her author­ in the schools. The wonder is that she ity, are a frightful cause of diseases o f the lives and possesses even a modicum o f scalp and brain. The immense loads of mental vigor. Under equally favorable hair, jute, or other material, which are circumstances, woman should be man’s attached to the head, cause a great increase peer in mental power and development; o f the temperature of the brain and scalp. but if she wishes to secure and maintain The blood-vessels become congested, both the equality of the sexes, which so many externally and internally. The result of earnest women are just now demanding, GOOD HEALTH. 151 she must throw away her chignons and protection is furnished by the heat inci­ waterfalls, shake off her “ rats and mice,” dental to cookery?’ Considerable doubt and don a simpler, healthier head-gear. is thrown on this statement by M. Yacher, The real hair that is sold to those whose of Paris, whose authority is of considerable tresses are considered too scanty, is chiefly weight. He affirms that the protection obtained from the bodies of dead persons, given by cooking is quite illusory, and that whose graves are plundered for the pur­ in the thorough cooking of an ordinary pose by wretches who earn their living by joint of meat the temperature in the center this means. Yermin of various kinds is not sufficient to insure the destruction often adhere to the hair, and infest the of the parasite. He took a leg of pork of heads of those who wear it. Various im­ moderate size and boiled it thoroughly. itations of hair also become the means of A thermometer placed within it at a depth conveying loathsome parasites to the of two inches and a half, registered, after scalps of those who wear them. half an hour’s boiling, 86° F ah .; after boil­ The use of hair dyes is a practice which ing for an hour 118°; after an hour and a the chemist and experience have both half 149°; and after two hours and a half, shown to he imminently dangerous. All when the joint was thoroughly cooked, hair dyes are poisonous. No matter how 165°. This temperature M. Yacher main­ strong the assertions of their harmless­ tains is insufficient, and we must remem­ ness, they are utterly false. So-called ber that at the center, which is still further vegetable hair dyes, hair invigorators, from the surface than the bulb of the tonics, etc., are contemptible swindles. thermometer was placed, the temperature They contain mineral poisons. The would not he so high. ‘ Trichinse would greater portion of them contain lead. escape almost entirely the action of boil­ The effect o f their use is not only to de­ ing w ater’ in cooking. M. Yacher’s note stroy the hair, and induce disease o f the was communicated to the Chamber of scalp, but to produce paralysis. Many Deputies, and, no doubt, has influenced cases of chronic headache have been oc­ the decision of the French Government to casioned by the use of these poisonous prohibit entirely the importation of Amer­ mixtures; and in a number of cases, in­ ican pork.” sanity has been the result. The use of these vile compounds, which WHISKY IN AFRICA. are so widely sold and used, is usually as W e are still often met with the argu­ absurdly foolish as harmful. ment that alcohol in some form is neces­ sary to fortify the system against the dis­ COOKING DOES NOT DESTROY TRICHINÆ. advantages of certain climates,— to prevent W e have always maintained that the freezing in the arctic regions, and to constant assertion made by the news­ countei-act the effects of heat and malaria papers that no danger from trichinæ need in torrid regions. The following extracts he apprehended, provided pork was always from a work entitled “ Savage Africa,” by well cooked, was a dangerous error, and Winwood Keade, present the testimony of hence are gratified to find in the London a man who had tested both plans, total Lancet the following statement of facts abstinence and brandy drinking, and to which cannot be disputed :— his entire satisfaction :— “ It is commonly believed that ordinary “ When one sits down to table with cooking will destroy trichinæ and render Anglo-Africans, he observes now and infested meat innocuous. Without doubt, then their faces twitch spasmodically, as as has been stated in the daily press, ‘ the if they had received an electric shock. encapsuled parasites cannot survive a cer­ These facial contortions are the relics of tain elevation of temperature, and death intermittent fever. At the same time, you renders them harmless.’ Is it, however, become aware that a grosser disease is correct to say that a 1 complete means of present among your companions. One of 152 GOOD HEALTH.

them will attempt to catch a spectral fly, an age which has, happily, passed away. which day and night is glittering before Sir Emerson Tennent, in his great work him ; another directs your attention to a on Ceylon, says : ‘ The abuse of brandy at swarm of bees in a corner of the ceiling; former periods is commemorated in the and a third whistles to a black dog which records of those fearful disorders of the no one can see except himself. liver, derangements o f the brain, exhaust­ “ That which would be very amusing ing fevers, and visceral diseases which were it not so sad, is the assurance with characterize the medical annals of earlier which some cadaverous ensign informs times.’" some fresh comers that it is impossible to live in that climate without brandy-and SANITARY CONVENTION AT BATTLE water. His bloodshot eyes, his trembling CREEK. hand, his deadened appetite, belie his In response to an invitation from the words ; but he still drinks on. Brandy- citizens of the place, the second Sanitary and-water is certainly the most prevalent Convention of the season was appointed and fatal cause o f disease on the west by the State Board of Health to be held coast of Africa. ‘ Died of brandy-and- at Battle Creek, March 29 and 30. At a water ’ is a common phrase.” meeting of citizens to arrange for the “ I shall contest that belief, which, meeting, the following persons were elected strange to say, is almost universal amongst as officers for the convention:— traders and military men, that brandy Bev. D. F. Barnes, President; George taken frequently and in small quantities is Willard, Vice President; Prof. J. C. Spen­ necessary for the preservation of health cer, Yice President; L. McCoy, Yice Pres­ in Africa. I do not deny that brandy, ident ; Bev. Dr. Sidney Corbett, Yice Pres­ used continually as a medicine, has the ident ; Edward Cox, M. D., Yice President; power of stifling fever. The common Judge B. F. Graves, Yice President, and J. coast phrase being ‘ a bottle of brandy H. Kellogg, M. D., Secretary.

ahead of the fever’ is not an incorrect one; FIRST SESSION. and if a man has a strong constitution he The Convention met at 3 p. m . promptly, may continue this practice for two, or in and was called to order by the Secretary. some cases, for three, years. He then An appropriate prayer was then offered breaks down with delirium tremens or by Bev. D. C. Jacokes, of Pontiac. some horrible disease of the liver. The At the conclusion of the prayer, Mayor poison which has so long been smoulder­ E. C. Nichols delivered an address o f wel­ ing in his system bursts into life and fury ; come in which he warmly commended the his debilitated system struggles faintly objects of the convention in very well and vainly to throw it off. In an incred­ chosen words. He remarked that the ibly short space o f time it seizes his vital work o f sanitarians “ differs somewhat parts. Yesterday he was drinking his from those of an earlier generation. In brandy-and-soda, and advising neophytes that quaint but doubtless veracious history to take that kind of medicine. To-day he of New York, written by Diedrick Knick­ is a corpse. erbocker, it is stated that the North Amer­ “ This climate has always proved more ican Indians, when discovered by our an­ fatal to our nation than to the Dutch, the cestors, were in a state o f deplorable igno­ French, and the Portugese. It is on ac­ rance and destitution. But no sooner did count of our debauchery. the benevolent inhabitants of Europe be­ “ Our fathers and grandfathers know hold their sad condition than they imme­ that in their young days the Indian cli­ diately went to work to ameliorate and mate possessed the same ill-fame as the improve it. They introduced among them West African climate bears now. That rum, gin, brandy, and other comforts of was the age in which officers drank life, and it is astonishing to read how soon brandy pawnee to preserve their health— the poor savages learned to estimate these GOOD HEALTH. 153 blessings; they likewise made known to other man said, ‘ I guess they will have to them a thousand remedies by which the have it ; ’ so he did not take it. My most inveterate diseases are alleviated and friend took his paper home, read it, and healed; and, that they might comprehend his wife read it. They both studied it the benefits and enjoy the comforts of thoroughly and just applied the needed these remedies, they previously introduced prevention ; and that family are all alive among them the diseases which they were to-day. Bight side of him, within fifteen calculated to cure. Happily, modern phi­ feet o f the house where he is, the man who lanthropy does not follow that precedent. said ‘ they must have it,’ lost the only child The aims o f sanitarians are to investigate he had. We want to know how to pre­ and apply preventatives rather than cura­ vent, and not how to cure. I received a tives, and by intelligent presentation of letter from a doctor a while ago (and will the cause and source of local disease to so tell you as a secret), giving me a regular inform the public intelligence and quicken trimming. Said he, ‘ W hat are you doing ? the public conscience, that preventative You want to take the bread out of our sanitation may precede infection.” mouths ! ’ I have found quite a number Eev. D. C. Jacokes, D. D., member of of that class.” the State Board of Health, then addressed The Bev. Mr. Barnes, president of the the Convention on behalf of the Board. Convention, made a very able address in The object of his remarks was to explain which he remarked, “ It was a wise re­ the nature of the work of the Board, and mark of the late Dr. Finney, President of to remove certain erroneous impressions Oberlin College, that it was impossible to which exist in the minds of the people re­ get one converted who had cold feet. If specting it. The doctor’s remarks were there be unhealthy conditions of the body, exceedingly practical in character, and a want of proper circulation, or if there be were listened to with great interest on the disease, the mind and spirit will be affected part of the audience. The following inci­ out of sympathy, if for nothing more.” dent related, well illustrates the point which Hon. Leroy Parker, member of the the speaker endeavored to make clear re­ State Board of Health, in an able paper specting the work of the Board:— entitled, “ Legal Measures for the Preven­ “ Here is the scarlet fever; some people tion of Casualties,” called “ attention to have an idea, ‘ Well, the little chicks must the thousands of lives lost in accidents on have it, and they might as well have it railroads and steamboats, in burning thea­ first as last.’ I never had it. I never ters and falling grand-stands, by guns not want it. When I look into the face of a known to be loaded, and by kerosene cans little child, I don’t want to think he filled with illuminating oil inefficiently must have it. W e want to see how you tested, by steam-boiler explosions, and can help it. Just as quick as it comes, we by poison administered by mistake, and want to tell you to go to the doctor right asks what per cent of these were prevent­ off. It is the business of the State Board able. It is only when disasters like the o f Health to study these cases and point Pacific Express collision at Jackson, the them out to the people all over this State. falling of the grand-stand at Adrian, or Let me illustrate to you. While in the the falling of the Tay Bridge, that the peo­ city of Detroit I had two little tracts on ple are aroused, and demand that some diphtheria. I met two gentlemen, and one one be held responsible for the lives lost. o f them said, ‘ H ow do you d o ? ’ I re­ In a few days all is forgotten.” plied, ‘ I am well.’ I said, ‘ How do you In answer to the question, “ What ad­ d o ? ’ He said, ‘ V ery well; but diphtheria ditional legislation is needed? ” the writer is up in our neighborhood, and I am afraid said, “ In the case of railroads, a more per­ I am going to lose my children.’ I put fect and uniform Zj otem o f signals ; signals m y hand in m y pocket and gave him one. when approaching bridges to warn the men He said, ‘ Thank you.’ I said, ‘ take on top of the train ; employés should be that home and let your wife read it.’ The examined to ascertain whether they are 154 GOOD HEALTH.

afflicted "with color-blindness; an auto­ these important papers in future numbers, matic car-coupler. A complete system of we will not give them further notice at inspection of steam boilers should be re­ this time. quired. There should be an inspection of One of the most important features of the boilers and hulls of craft on our inland this session was the report o f the com­ lakes not touched by the United States mittee on Criminal Abortion, through its Inspection Laws. chairman, Dr. E. Cox. The report closed “ A more rigid inspection of petroleum with the following resolution, which was must be insisted upon. The statutes must unanimously adopted :— be backed up by a healthy public senti­ Resolved, That the State Board of Health ment, and the eagerness with which we be requested by this Convention to corres­ strive to prevent accidents should show pond with Municipal Boards of Health, the value we place upon human life.” physicians, civil authorities, and such oth­ The second session of the Convention ers as it may deem proper for the purpose was held at 7:30 p . m . The principal paper of the evening was a very important one of obtaining information relative to crim­ inal abortion, to publish in documents and by Dr. H. B. Baker, Secretary of the State newspapers all things relative thereto, Board of Health, entitled, “ The System­ proper to be published, and that sanita­ atic Study o f the Causes o f Sickness and rians, educators, social scientists, civil au­ Death.” As it would be impossible to thorities, and others, be requested to com­ make a brief abstract of the paper which municate to the Board all information in would at all do it justice, we omit fur­ their possession relative to the same ; and ther mention o f it here, but shall give our that the clergy and press be earnestly so­ readers portions of it at some future time. licited to acquaint themselves with the The first session of the second day of subject, and to educate their hearers and the Convention opened with a paper by readers as to the prevalent causes, conse­ Dr. A. F. Kinnie, of Ypsilanti, on “ Points quences, and moral depravity of this great in the Physiology of Alcohol.” The paper curse of the nineteenth century.” was an able defense of total abstinence based upon the physiological effects of The resolution was ably discussed, and alcohol, and was well supported by the important observations made by Rev. J. remarks of Profs. Prescott and Yaughan. Morgan Smith, of Grand Rapids, Rev. D. We shall give our readers a considerable C. Jacokes, and Judge B. F. Graves. portion of this paper hereafter. At the last session, in the evening, the This was followed by an able and very large audience gathered in the opera house practical paper by Mr. Jno. K. Allen, of listened to able papers by Dr. Geo. E. the Office of the State Board of Health, Ramsey, of Lansing, and Dr. Foster Pratt, entitled, “ Personal Sanitary Responsi- of Kalamazoo, entitled, “ The Health Ser­ bilities.” vice of the State,” and “ Sanitary Rules A very interesting discussion followed vs. Medical Theories.” The closing fea­ this paper, by means of which several im­ ture of the program, and a most enjoy­ portant facts and interesting ideas were able one, was an address by the Rev. J. brought out. Morgan Smith of Grand Rapids, Mich. In the afternoon three very able and in­ The paper contained much good sanitary structive papers were read. “ Consump­ advice very wittily presented. tion : Is it a Contagious Disease ? ” by The Convention was by all acknowledged Bela Coggeshall, M. D., of Flint; “ Medic­ to be the most successful ever held in the inal Nostrums in their Delation to Public State. Health,” by Prof. A. B. Prescott, M. D., of Ann Arbor; and “ Evils which Result —A cargo of lard recently received at from the Administration of Nostrums to Lyons, France, from New York, upon ex­ Young Children,” by Dr. Amos Crosby, of amination was found to be infested with Albion. As we shall draw largely upon trichinae to an alarming degree. GOOD HEALTH. 155

“ ARBOR DAY.’’ What Becomes of London Horses.— Mr.

Gov. J e r o m e has issued the following Gough, the renowned temperance orator,, proclamation, which we think should re­ tells a story of an English capitalist who' ceive the attention of all who are inter­ has made a fortune by buying up the sick ested in the sanitary welfare of the citizens and dead horses of London. The flesh is of the State. Trees are among the most sold for “ cat m eat; ” the hair, hides, and useful of sanitary agents, in more ways bones, are put to their usual uses; the nos­ than one. It has been very conclusively trils and hoofs are made into gelatine; shown that depriving a country of its trees the blood is employed in the manufacture is certain to subject its inhabitants to a of ketchup, to which it is supposed to im­ great increase in the frequency of certain part a delicious flavor, and the livers are- diseases, through the influence upon mete­ burned and used in the adulteration of orological conditions. coffee.

To the People of the State of Michigan: A Case of Nicotine Poisoning.— The ex­ W h e r e a s , at the session of the Leg­ tremely poisonous character of nicotine is islature for the year 1881, the following well shown by the following paragraph, resolution was adopted, to w it: which we clip from an exchange :— “ Resolved, That the Governor be, and is hereby requested, to call attention of the “ A rather unusual case o f poisoning by- people of the State to the importance of nicotine has occurred lately in a Paris planting trees for ornament, protection, suburb. The victim, a man in the prime and shade, by naming a day upon which of life, had been cleaning his pipe with a this work shall be given special promi­ clasp-knife; with this he accidentally cut nence, to be known and designated as one of his fingers subsequently, but as the “ Arbor Day.” wound was of a trivial nature he paid no­ Now Therefore, Pursuant to the foregoing heed to it. Pive or six hours later, how­ resolution, I do hereby designate ever, the cut finger grew painful and be­ Thursday, the 28t h day oe April, 1881, came much swollen; the inflammation to be known and observed as “ Arbor rapidly spread to the arm and shoulder, Day, and recommend the general observ­ the patient suffering such intense pain ance of the same throughout the State. that he was obliged to betake himself to- bed. Medical assistance was called, and Medical Use of Figs.— The experiments ordinary remedies proved ineffectual. The of Prof. Bonchut show that the milky juice sick man, questioned as to the manner in of the fig-tree possesses some digestive which he cut himself, explained the use power, and also delays the decomposition to which the pocket-knife had been ap­ of animal tissues. Prof. Billroth employed plied, adding that he had omitted to wipe a poultice of dried figs cooked in milk to it after cleaning the pipe. The case was a very foul smelling cancer, with the effect now understood, and, the patient’s state of entirely removing the foul odor, al­ becoming alarming, he was conveyed to though all other deodorants had failed. the hospital. There the doctors decided Mr. G. P. Needham of Washington, D. C., amputation of the arm to be the only hope is making energetic efforts to introduce of saving the patient’s life, and this was the cultivation o f the fig-tree into all parts immediately done.” of this country. He claims that it can be grown as easily as the peach, and will Animal Food.— “ N ow then,” said a phy­ produce a much more remunerative crop. sician cheerily to his patient, “ you have We have just received from him a thrifty got along far enough to indulge in a little looking tree which we shall plant and animal food, and— ” “ N o you don ’t doc­ tenderly care for by way of experiment. tor,” interrupted the patient; “ I’ve suf­ We refer the reader to the column devoted fered enough on poor gruel and slops, and to book notices for a notice of Mr. G. P. I’d starve sooner than begin on hay and Needham’s little pamphlet on fig culture. oats.”— Ex. 156 GOOD HEALTH.

A Sure Cure for Trichinosis.— An ex­ Sewer Gas.—The importance of good change states that “ a lot of valuable sewers, and especially o f the thorough hogs, belonging to Michael Simpson, at ventilation of sewer pipes connected with South Framingham, Mass., were so badly buildings, is well shown by the results ob­ affected by trichinae that orders were tained by the authorities of one of the given to kill them.” As boiling has been largest London Hospitals who recently proven to be ineffective, we heartily rec­ “ took measures to ventilate all the drains ommend this method o f exterminating the and sewers in connection with their in­ parasite, and would suggest that in order stitution, and previous to which move­ to make a sure thing o f it, the whole por­ ment pyæmia and erysipelas had almost cine race should be either exterminated or driven the medical staff to despair. When exclusively devoted to the manufacture of the whole of the ventilation was com­ axle grease. pleted, and as soon as the pressure was removed from the traps of the closets and Tea a Stimulant as Well as Beer.— The lavatories, no fresh cases were found to English papers report that some of the occur, and for months the hospital wards large agriculturists of that country have were free from both erysipelas and py­ been trying the experiment of substitut­ æmia. Suddenly, however, there was a ing cold tea for beer as a drink in the fresh outbreak of these diseases, but it ap­ harvest field, and claim that it is a good peared that the epidemic was confined to substitute. It seems to be overlooked one of the surgical wards, built apart from that tea is a stimulant as well as beer. It the main building on the pavilion plan, is, in fact, true that a pint of tea, as usu­ and having only one story. Close inves­ ally made, contains a larger percentage tigation proved that the ventilation pipe o f stimulating elements than an equal in this wing had been stopped by a care­ •quantity of beer. A story is told of a less workman ; and, on this being rem­ cavalry horse that was fed oats with edied, all traces o f the epidemic disap­ which a small quantity o f tea leaves was peared.” mingled, and suffered with marked symp­ toms of delirium tremens. An English Poisonous Fish.—It ought to be gener­ ■physician of eminence has asserted that ally known that canned meats of all kinds there are many “ tea. drunkards ” among are liable to be rendered in the highest the laboring classes o f England ; and Dr. degree unwholesome, and even poisonous, Bock, an eminent physician o f Leipsic, by a peculiar kind of decomposition which charges tea-drinking with being the cause often occurs. Canned fish, especially, may o f much o f the nervousness and ill-health wisely be looked upon with suspicion. of English and American women. "Wd An exchange reports the case of a whole see no advantage in exchanging one poi­ family poisoned by eating canned salmon. son for another. Let us have a thorough­ In the case o f one o f the members o f the going reform which discards all stimu­ family the disease was fatal. Such in­ lants and narcotics. stances are growing quite numerous. Only a few days ago we were consulted A New Adulterant.—The French gov­ by a gentleman who was suffering acutely ernment has recently discovered that sal­ from pain in the bowels, which could be icylic acid is being largely used in that traced to nothing but the use of raw oys­ country as a means of preserving various ters. Shell-fish are particularly liable to articles used as food. Measures have been be poisonous. In some parts of the world taken to put a stop to the business at once. it is unsafe to eat oysters on account o f We have recently learned that a recipe their noxious character which is acquired for preserving fruit in which salicylic acid from their food. The oyster is a scav­ is the principal* ingredient, is being sold enger, living upon the organic filth which •quite extensively in this country. The is always abundant in the water of the fraud should be stopped at once. localities in which they abound. GOOD HEALTH. 157

Trichinosis.—The Sanitary Committee called : “ How long have you been in the of Massachusetts have recently received profession? ” “ Twelve years.” 11 Are you a report respecting trichinosis in hogs, thoroughly acquainted with your work, from which it appears that of 2700 hogs theoretically and practically?” “ Yes.” examined recently 154 were found to be “ Do you feel competent to undertake large infected with trichinae. Most of the hogs constructions?” “ Yes,, most certainly.” examined were from the West. “ In what engineering works have you In Boston it is found that rats are af­ been engaged during the last twelve fected with these parasites to a very great years?” “ The manufacture of iron bed­ extent. Of fifty rats caught in a Boston steads.” slaughter-house, only twenty were found We fear that many professed first-class healthy. In another slaughtering estab­ plumbers would make similar irrelevant re­ lishment, forty rats which were caught plies, if they were subjected to a test as to- were all affected. Bats in stables were their capacity.— Sa'nitary Engineer. also found to he affected. A Fable.— There is an ancient fable Cleaving unto Dust.— The eminent com­ which tells us that while Noah was plant­ mentator, Dr. Adam Clarke, was no friend ing the vineyard the devil approached him of tobacco. He tells of a congregation and inquired what he was doing. “ Plant­ that was once much amused when the ing a vineyard,” replied Noah. “ Hum ! ” officiating clergyman paused to “ take a grunted Satan, “ what’s the use of a vine­ pinch of snuff” while reading a psalm yard ? ” To which Noah gave answer which contained the words, “ my soul that “ its fruit is sweet and good, and its cleaveth unto the dust.” wine gladdens the taste.” Whereupon Satan, seeing here a good chance for spec­ ulation, proposed that they work it on Better Diet Needed.— We quote the fol­ shares, which was agreed upOn, and im­ lowing from an excellent cotemporary, the mediately the devil brought a lamb, a lion, Lansing Republican : “ An intelligent and a hog and a monkey, and mingled their candid correspondent of the New York blood with the soil. Therefore, if a man Tribune, who is traveling in the Southern eats only of the fruit of the vineyard he is States, writes o f the morals and manners as innocent as a lamb ; if he drinks wine in Mississippi very much as the editor of he imagines himself a lion and falls into the Republican described them four years mischief; if he drinks habitually he be­ ago. He says that 1 eating is no comedy, comes as selfish and unmannerly as a but a martyrdom. The table is supplied hog; if he gets drunk he jabbers and with hot bread, no milk, four dishes of jumps about, and is silly and nasty like a meat for supper, and strong black coffee.’ monkey. Is it any wonder that men should grow rebellious upon such a regimen ? The late — The Lancet announces that “ the Aro­ Horace Greeley remarked that ‘ Texas matic and deodorizing water-closet ” has needed 50,000 good cooks in order to be­ been patented and put on the market in come half civilized; ’ and the great revi­ England. “ Aromatic ” is pretty good, but valist, Elder Knapp, once left a village in not hard to beat. One of our subscribers Ohio in disgust, after a week’s campaign, is now perfecting a “ Koproeuodmotikion,” 1 because the Holy Spirit (he said) would with balm of a thousand flowers attach­ never come to a people who fed its mes­ ment, which will entirely destroy the sale sengers on such abominable beefsteak and of the Aromatic Closet in this country. coffee.’ ” The Psophokeodaleundron is also pro­ posed as a substitute for the ordinary —N ot long since, in an arbitration case, closet-trap, and will undoubtedly be a suc­ an engineer was thus, examined as to his cess, if eau de cologne can be obtained at professional experience and capacity, so- a sufficiently low price.— Sanitary Engineer. 158 GOOD HEALTH.

— An English paper o f recent date states The following extracts will serve to show some­ that “ Dr. Ballard, of Welbeck, has care­ thing of the author’s ideas:— “ I am far from asserting that infant mortality fully investigated the cases of 70 persons would wholly cease with the adoption of this sys­ made ill through eating ham, and has tem, confining infants from birth to two or three found it free from trichinse, but infected meals a day, although it is my belief that it would preserve the fives of three-fourths of the with a minute microscopic fungus...... healthy-born infants who die before entering the not hitherto imagined to he poisonous, third year. There will still be occasion for the which, getting into the systems of ham- exercise of care to guard against excess and im­ proper substances, and there can be no absolute ea ters,...... plugs up the minute ves­ security against disease without due regard for sels, and the result is fatal.” all the laws of fife. But since it can be clearly shown that an infant will be perfectly nourished —Several English butchers have re­ on three moderate meals, and since it is evident that there is the minimum of danger with this cently been prosecuted for such “ inno­ number, as compared with a greater number, it cent mistakes ” as having in their posses­ seems to me that there can be no sound argu­ sion “ half a ton of totally rotten meat for ment in favor of more frequent feeding, as a rule.” sausages and saveloys; old sheep’s car­ The hook also contains various excellent hints cases for canning, not fit for dogs to eat; concerning the ventilation, clothing, baths, and putrid horse-flesh, richly colored with the general care of infants. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents. yellow ochre, and other similar delicacies.”

T h e V e g e t a r ia n : A l m a n a c . —An exchange states that pellagra, a Through the kindness of Mr. Heron, of Belfast, disease which probably arises from the Ireland, we have a copy of this unique pamphlet. -ergot fungus of corn and rye, is prevailing It is the third issue of the annual published by very extensively in Italy. Over 70,000 the Vegetarian Society in the honor and support of vegetarianism, and, like both the other issues, cases have occurred in Lombardy. is full of interesting and instructive reading mat­ ter, setting forth the advantages of a vegetable — The Ilritish Government proposes to diet, and especially presenting the moral aspects stop the issue o f the rum ration to officers. of the flesh-eating habit. It contains many very attractive illustrations. W e sincerely wish for it —A cremation society has been organ­ a large circulation. ized in New York City. — D. M. Ferry & Co., of Detroit, Mich., have issued, this year, a very attractive Seed Annual, a copy of which we have received. The number and variety of vegetables illustrated and described is very extensive, as also is the cata­ logue of flowers, seeds, and roots in that depart­ W o m a n ’s W ord s. ment of the work. To all persons interested in This is an illustrated review of what women horticulture and the cultivation of flowers, the are doing, edited by Mrs. Juan Lewis, Philadel­ Annual will prove an excellent encyclopedia of information. We recommend it to our readers. phia, Pa. Woman’s Words is published in the entire interest of woman’s advancement, social and moral progress. Each number contains a — W e have received a copy of the April portrait of some one of the many noble women number of Owr Best Words, edited by J. L. Dou- of our land. The April number, which is before thit, Shelbyville, 111. We are glad to see that it us, presents its readers a portrait, autograph, and is still to be published, for we consider it a most "biographical sketch, of the late Lucretia Mott. excellent family paper, one that is not afraid to Few means are better calculated to inspire wo­ speak the truth and the whole truth in behalf of man to higher ideas of life and usefulness than many of our most needed reforms. W e hope the the excellent journals published in her behalf, paper may be long sustained. of which this is one. Subscription price, $1.00 per year. The North American Review for May con­ tains a striking article by the Hon. David Dudley H ow W e Fed the Baby, to make H er H ealthy Field on “ Centralization in the Federal Govern­ ment. ” That our polity is rapidly advancing in and Happy ; with H ealth Hints. By C. E. the direction of centralization is demonstrated Page, M. D. New York : Fowler & Wells. by the author; but whether centralization is This treatise advocates a reform in the alimen­ really a formidable evil or only a bugbear is a tation of infants, strongly opposing the common question which men will probably continue to practice of frequent and unsystematic feeding. decide according to their several political pre- GOOD HEALTH. 159 / dilections. Whatever the reader’s bias, Mr. F if t e e n t h A n n u a l R epo r t o f t h e L o u is v il l e Field’s paper will command his respectful at­ H ou se o f R e f u g e . tention, and it will be read with interest and profit. The second article is upon the new re­ The above-named institution has been in oper­ vision of the Bible, by the Rev. Dr. Schaff, of ation fifteen years, with excellent results. Ac­ the American Committee of Revision. Mr. Jus- cording to the report, one thousand three hun­ tice Strong writes of “ The Needs of the Supreme dred and fifty-eight persons have been admitted Court,” and advocates the establishment of a since the opening of the house. During the court of appeals, intermediate between the present year there have been but two deaths United States Supreme Court and the circuit among the inmates, the number of which at the courts. The Hon. George Q. Cannon, the first present time is two hundred and five. Undoubt­ adviser of the President of the Mormon Church, edly the good health of the inmates is chiefly due and delegate to Congress, makes a vigorous de­ to the excellent management of the intelligent fense of “ Utah and its People.” The question, superintendent, Mr. Caldwell, who was a guest “ Shall Americans Build Ships?” is considered at the Sanitarium a year or two ago. by Mr. John Roach, the ship-builder, who brings forward a large number of facts to prove that the people of the United States must build ships Maryland Medical Journal. Baltimore : if they would hold a place among maritime na­ Md. tions. The other articles are “ The Life-Saving This journal is continually improving in in­ Service,” by the Hon. S. S. Cox; “ The Ruins of terest, and the April number contains many in­ Central America,” by M. Charnay; and finally, teresting articles which furnish abundant evi­ an attack on evolution, written in a vein of the dence of the progression of medical science. finest irony, and entitled, “ What Morality Have we Left?”

T h e M icr osco pe, a n d it s R e l a t io n to M e d i­ A New Industry ; Fig Culture at the c in e a n d P h a r m a c y . N o r t h . This is the first number of a new journal W e have received a little circular under the started in the interests of microscopy in medical above title, setting forth the fact that fig culture practice, edited by Prof. Clias. Stowell, M. D ., in the Northern and Middle States may be suc­ and Mrs. M. R. Stowell, M. S., both of whom cessfully carried on, and giving full directions occupy prominent positions in the State Univer­ for planting, protecting, and propagating the sity at Ann Arbor. The field in which this jour­ tree. This is a worthy enterprise, and we rec­ nal aims to work is one full of interest to every ommend our readers to a perusal of the circu­ physician, yet one in which there is a general lar, which may be obtained of G. F. Need­ lack of information. The names of the editors is ham, Washington, D. C. ample guarantee to insure for this new journal the success it deserves.

Smithsonian Report for 1879. Washington:

Government Printing Office. T h e "Vo ic e . The report for 1879 contains, in addition to This is a monthly devoted to voice culture, the usual official reports, a number of very inter­ musical and elocutionary, with especial attention esting papers, among which are “ James Smith­ to stuttering and other defects of speech. It is son and. his Bequest,” an illustrated article con­ the organ of the Music Teachers’ National Asso­ cerning “ Savage Weapons at the Centennial Ex­ ciation, and aims to give practical instruction in hibition,” and numerous valuable papers on the use, improvement, and restoration of the “ Anthropology. ” voice, in reading, speaking, or singing. It con­ The managers of the Smithsonian Institute tains much of interest to everybody, but is espe­ are very greatly aiding the cause of science in cially of value to every one afflicted with any this country by the publication of these reports, vocal defect. It is edited by Edgar S. Werner, since most of the matter contained in them is Albany, N. Y ., and its contributors include lead­ such as is not readily accessible to the majority ing voice specialists both in this country and in of scientists in any other way. Europe. Subscription price, §1.00 per year.

Detroit Lancet. Detroit : Leartus Connor, — Through the kindness of Thomas F. Wood, Editor. M. D ., Secretary of the Board, we have received This is one of the most excellent of western a copy of the “ First Biennial Report of the medical journals. It is ably conducted, printed North Carolina Board of Health,” which evi­ in good style, and always full of interesting mat­ dences the fact that, although the Board is but ter. The April number contains, among other two years old, it is a thoroughly progressive valuable articles, a paper on Trichinosis— a re­ organization, and one of which the State may port of five cases, by Geo. E. Ranney, M. D. ; well be proud. The report contains many inter­ “ Studies on the Nature of Malaria,” by H. 0. esting and valuable articles, including tables, Wyman, M .D . ; and the address delivered at the compiled by the Secretary, of the meteorological Commencement Exercises of Detroit Medical records, prevailing diseases, and conditions of College, by Prof. A. B. Lyons, M. D. public buildings of each county in the State. 160 GOOD HEALTH.

most indispensable. They are prepared by a process which relieves the stomach of a part of its work, and so are adapted to all cases in which there is slow di­ gestion, or in fact, almost any form of dyspepsia. t y The recent Sanitary Convention held in this Send for a package on trial. place was the most successful ever held in this State. The Michigan State Board of Health have inaugurated We have many times been requested to rec­ these conventions as a new feature of sanitary work, ommend an electric battery for home use. W e have and the enterprise bids fair to prove one of the most hesitated to do this for two reasons; first, electricity practically useful of all the various important serv­ is a powerful agent which may be used in such a way ices rendered to the public by this department of the as to do harm instead of good ; second, as a general civil service of the State. rule, batteries are so constructed that they are liable to get out of order very easily, and thus become a I ® ” We received a few days ago a telegram from source of vexation and of no use. The first of these Eld. S. N . Haskell, who stands at the head of the objections the author of the Home Hand-Book has Health and Temperance work in New England and endeavored to remove by giving careful directions California, ordering one thousand copies of the April respecting the use of this remedy in cases to which number to be sent to the depositories of the Cali­ it is applicable; the second, we have removed by sug­ fornia and New England H. & T. Societies. These gesting such changes in the batteries as ordinarily are to be used in an effort to obtain new subscribers. constructed as have resulted in the production of a Several other H. & T. and T. & M. Societies are ope­ really simple, yet effective, instrument, which can rating upon the same plan, and are meeting with be afforded at a very reasonable price. After a thor­ good success. W e are grateful to these friends of ough trial we do not hesitate to pronounce this bat­ health and sanitary reform, and hope they will meet tery, which is known as the “ Sanitarium Battery,” with such good results as to encourage them to con­ as the most effective and reliable for family use of tinue their efforts in this direction. any with which we are acquainted. W e have tried it in competition with batteries costing three times as much, and it did not suffer at all by the compari­ 13*35“ W e have received several good suggestions son. We can recommend them most thoroughly, . from various friends respecting means of improving and have made arrangements to have them manufac­ the interest in the journal, and would be glad to hear tured expressly for us so that we may be able in the from all who have anything to offer on the subject. future to supply the demand. W e have ju st re­ We want to make a journal to meet the wants of the ceived a lot of twenty-five, and can fill orders people as nearly as possible. promptly. The battery will be sent by freight or ex­ press, all ready to run, on receipt of $12.00. Those W e begin with this number a new depart­ who wish a supply of battery fluid, to save trouble in getting it at the drug store, should send $1 .0 0 ment devoted to the interests of the Sanitarium and extra. its patrons. This will be a very interesting depart- ment to all who are acquainted with the institution, Seasonable Advice.— Now is the time for those and especially to its old patrons, as it will be made a who wish to keep healthy during the hot weather to medium of communication between old patients. Those who wish'to have this department added to make proper preparations for so doing by attending their copies of the journal, should address the editor to the condition of their surroundings. Every house to that effect. and its premises should undergo a thorough over­ hauling at once, before the sultry, germ-generating The Sanitarium has increased its facilities for weather comes. Never rest until every nook and the present season by the addition of twenty new corner which can possibly be a breeding place for rooms in addition to its two large main buildings, germs is thoroughly cleansed and disinfected. Eter­ and six cottages. Quite a proportion of these are nal vigilance is the price of safety against the inroads already spoken for. of the enemies of human life which lurk in every dark cellar filled with damp, moldy debris and decay­ ing vegetables, in uncleansed cesspools and privy 8 @ “ The managers of the Sanitarium are to be vaults, in wells contaminated with organic matter, congratulated for having secured the services of Mrs. in unventilated and' unsunned sleeping apartments L. M. Hall, who has recently consented to fill a posi- with dank, moldy walls, around back dooryards tion of responsibility in the institution. Mrs. Hall’s strewn with garbage from the kitchen, wherever there long and varied experience, as well as her natural is organic matter undergoing decomposition. Clear abilities, admirably adapt her to fill the position in a out, clean up, ventilate, and disinfect at once, before manner creditable to herself and profitable to the in­ the fell destroyer gets a foothold in your dwelling. stitution. ( g if There has been such a large increase of sub­ gfip" W e would again call attention to the “ Pre­ scribers since New Year’s that it has been necessary pared Foods ” or “ Invalid Foods ” advertized in an­ to print several editions of the first numbers of the other column. These articles are meeting with very year in order to send back numbers to all who wished. great favor wherever they have been introduced, and This is the reason why a few orders recently received already the demand calls for larger producing facili­ have not been filled with the usual promptness. ties, which are now being introduced. Every one who needs anything of the sort is delighted with 5® “ We beg to state that Mr. A. Persing is no these articles. W e have them constantly in use at longer authorized to receive subscriptions for this the Sanitarium, and for certain cases think them al­ journal, or to receive money for us on any account.