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Styracothoracidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida), a New Family from the Philippine Deep Sea

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Styracothoracidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida), a New Family from the Philippine Deep Sea JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 13(4) 769-783, 1993 STYRACOTHORACIDAE (COPEPODA: HARPACTICOIDA), A NEW FAMILY FROM THE PHILIPPINE DEEP SEA Rony Huys AB S T R A C T A new family is proposedto accommodateStyracothorax gladiator, new genus,new species, collected from 2,050-m depth in the Philippine Sea. The Styracothoracidaeis placed in the Cervinioidea on account of the fused rostrum, the setation of the antennaryendopod, the reductionof the maxillularyexopod, and the uniramousfifth legs in at least the female. A suite of synapomorphies,including the subchelatemaxilliped, suggestsa sister-grouprelationship with the cave-dwellingRotundiclipeidae. The primitive featuresof the Styracothoracidaeand the phylogeneticrelationships of the cervinioid families are discussed. The present work arises from a study of tulocarid that is described in a separate ac- the bathyal and mainly abyssal harpacti- count (Huys et al., 1993). coids collected during the second leg of the MATERIALSAND METHODS French ESTASE Expedition in 1984. Co- pepods were collected on board the RV The holotypefemale was dissectedin lactic acid and Jean Charcot during its cruise off the Phil- the dissected partswere placed in lactophenolmount- west coast from Manila to ing medium. Preparationswere sealed with glyceel ippine Surabaya (Gurr?, BDH ChemicalsLtd., Poole, England). in Indonesia. All drawings have been preparedusing a camera The harpacticoid copepod fauna of Phil- lucidaon a Leitz Diaplaninterference microscope. The ippine deep waters has received relatively descriptive terminology is adopted from Huys and little attention, despite the fact that exten- Boxshall (1991). sive surveys have been carried out in the DESCRIPTIONS Philippine Trench during the Danish Gal- new athea Expedition and the various cruises of Styracothoracidae, family the Russian research vessel Vityaz (Belyaev, Diagnosis.--Body slightly depressed, pro- 1972). Virtually all our knowledge of Phil- some distinctly wider than urosome. First ippine deep-sea harpacticoids is contained pedigerous somite fused to cephalosome. in Ito's excellent papers (1982, 1983) on Cephalothorax distinctly deflexed, with I Cerviniidae, Thalestridae, and Ameiridae pair of anterior and 2 pairs of posterior, from an abyssal locality southeast of Min- backwardly directed hornlike projections. danao. The description by Ito of highly dis- Second to fourth pedigerous somites with tinctive harpacticoid taxa such as Tonpos- pairs of dorsal and lateral processes. Pos- tratiotes tenuipedalis, Abyssameira reducta, terior margin of body somites spinular both and Parameiropsis magnus, gives an indi- dorsally and laterally; cuticle profusely or- cation that this area might reveal other un- nate with tubercles, ridges, denticles, and suspected discoveries. The only other deep- spinules, particularly dorsally and dorsolat- water harpacticoid described from the Phil- erally. Rostrum fused to cephalic shield, ippine Sea is Pontostratiotes horrida (Cer- prominent, anteriorly directed. Female gen- viniidae) from 4,300 meters depth in the ital double-somite without internal chitin- northeastern sector near the Bonin Islands ous rib ventrally; original segmentation (Izu-Bonin Trench) (Brotskaya, 1959), but marked by dorsal and lateral ornamentation this locality is quite remote from the Phil- and by lateral constriction. Anal operculum ippine waters proper. vestigial; anal somite concealed beneath This paper reports on the first deep-water spinous posterior rim of penultimate so- harpacticoid to be described from off the mite. Caudal rami short, with 7 setae. Sex- west coast of the Philippines. The single fe- ual dimorphism unknown. male collected represents the type of a new Antennule slender, with large posterior family and was found to be infested by an spinous processes on segment 2 and smaller as yet unknown developmental stage oftan- ones on segments 1-4; 7-segmented in fe- 769 This content downloaded from 193.191.134.1 on Wed, 26 Nov 2014 09:28:32 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 770 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 4, 1993 male, with aesthetascs on segments 4 and ber-8 December 1984) to the Philippine 7; setae bare (except segment 1). Antenna deep waters on board the RV Jean Charcot with discrete basis and bisetose, uniseg- (organized by the CNRS; coordinators L. mented exopod; endopod with 1 seta on D. Labeyrie and B. Metivier); station CP02 proximal segment and 3 lateral plus 7 apical (14?05.40'N, 120?02.46'E), taken on 14 No- setae on distal segment. Labrum undivided, vember 1984 at a depth of 2,050 m north- with fine spinules. Mandible with biramous west of Manila; collected with dredge-net palp; basis unarmed; endopod 1-segmented and sorted in CENTOB, Brest (coordinator with 2 +7 setae; exopod 2-segmented with M. Segonzac). Dissected on 13 slides and setal formula [4-2]. Paragnaths well devel- deposited in The Natural History Museum, oped, ornamented lobes with broad teeth London, under reg. no. 1992.1066. Maxillule with both rami defined distally. Description of Female (Figs. 1A, 2A-D, 3A- at with 2 with base; exopod setae; endopod F, 4A-E, 5A-C, 6A, B, 7A-D).-Total body 6 basal endites no setae; discrete; epipodite. length 610 ,m from tip of rostrum to pos- with 3 Maxillary syncoxa endites, praecoxal terior margin of caudal rami (measured endite bilobate; endopod indistinctly seg- around dorsal curvature in lateral aspect; with setae. mented, geniculate Maxilliped Fig. 1A). Prosome distinctly wider than uro- with 2 basis syncoxa bearing setae; asetose; some (Fig. 2A). Entire body covered with with 3 small endopod unisegmented spines minute denticles dorsally and laterally (Figs. and 1 claw. long 1A, 2A). Cephalothorax large, measuring P1 with well-developed 3-segmented pro- one-third of total body length; distinctly de- basis with inner topod; extremely long seta; flexed relative to main body axis; with 2 rami not 2-segmented; endopod prehensile. pairs of lateral, backwardly directed, horn- P2-P4 with rami. 3-segmented like processes (Fig. 1A); hind margin with Female fifth of not fused medi- pair legs another pair of similar but longer processes ally but with distinct intercoxal sclerite; uni- dorsolaterally and 2 small protuberances with 5 setae ramous; extremely elongated; middorsally (Fig. 2A); Pi-bearing somite each. incorporated. Epimeral areas of cephalo- Female fused to form trans- gonopores thorax not particularly produced ventrally, slit covered on both sides verse genital by all appendages clearly exposed in lateral as- P6 3 median vestigial bearing setae; copu- pect (Fig. 1A). Rostrum prominent (Figs. seminal bi- latory pore minute; receptacle 1A, 7A), anteriorly directed; fused with dor- lobate. sal cephalic shield; lateral margins spinu- Male unknown. lose; with 2 pairs of sensilla and 1 pair of Marine, free-living. raised pores. First 3 thoracic somites each Type Genus. -Styracothorax, new genus. with 1 pair of dorsolateral and 1 pair of ventrolateral hornlike processes; dorsolat- Styracothorax, new genus eral ones decreasing in length in anteropos- terior with dorsal Diagnosis. -As for family. direction; tergites swelling between dorsolateral processes (Fig. 1A). - new Type Species. Styracothorax gladiator, Posterior and lateral margins of cephalo- species. thorax and prosomites with conspicuous Etymology.-The generic name is derived tricuspidate processes (Figs. 1A, 2A). These from the Greek styrax, genitive styrakos, margins with longer spinous processes in all meaning the spike at the lower end of the urosomites except anal somite (Fig. 7B). P5- shaft of a spear, and thorax, meaning breast- bearing somite with middorsal tuft of long plate or chest, and alludes to the posteriorly setules (Figs. 2A, 7B). Last thoracic and first directed, hornlike projections on the ceph- abdominal somites completely fused and alothorax and free thoracic somites. forming bilaterally constricted genital dou- Gender. -Masculine. ble-somite (Figs. 4A, 7B); original segmen- tation also marked by dorsal and lateral or- Styracothorax gladiator, namentation consisting of spinous processes, new species sensilla, and raised pores. Ventral surface Material Examined. -One female collected of genital double-somite and following so- during ESTASE II expedition (14 Novem- mites largely without surface ornamenta- This content downloaded from 193.191.134.1 on Wed, 26 Nov 2014 09:28:32 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions HUYS: NEW FAMILY OF DEEP-SEA HARPACTICOID COPEPODS 771 , ? t < Fv't<<<'< rr X < A zE e q ~ ~ ',~ ~ o ,,r,<>,<,,/ >. tt.VZ V Vt SW I C Fig. 1. Styracothorax gladiator, new genus, new species. Habitus, female, lateral view showing attached sexual female stage of Itoitantulus misophricola Huys, Ohtsuka, and Boxshall (Tantulocarida). This content downloaded from 193.191.134.1 on Wed, 26 Nov 2014 09:28:32 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 772 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 4, 1993 20 u B-D D A C -jki)W'0 ~ ~ ~~ZJC ~ A Fig. 2. Styracothorax gladiator, new genus, new species. A, habitus, female, dorsal view; B, antenna; C, mandibular gnathobase; D, mandibular palp (pinnate ornamentation of all exopodal and endopodal setae omit- ted). This content downloaded from 193.191.134.1 on Wed, 26 Nov 2014 09:28:32 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions HUYS: NEW FAMILY OF DEEP-SEA HARPACTICOID COPEPODS 773 D E I'/, ) ) F ' J 20^[^~~~~ u^/Z^ ~~~~20 A 'K. D-F A' - C - C A-C Fig. 3.view. Styracothorax gladiator, new genus, new species. A, antennule; B, labrum, anterior view; C, labrum, posterior view; D, right paragnath, anterior view; E, right paragnath, lateral view; F, right paragnath, posterior view. This content downloaded from 193.191.134.1 on Wed, 26 Nov 2014 09:28:32 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 774 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 4, 1993 tion except for posterior margin (Fig. 4A). tube seta at distal margin and 2 geniculate Dorsal spinous processesof penultimateso- tube setae arising from anterior surface. mite distinctly bent and covering most of Coxa with 5 setae and 1 geniculate spine; anal somite (Fig. 7B, D). Anal somite small, epipodite absent.
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