5816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 5 By Mr. POWELL: PETITIONS, ETC. teet the rights of States to prevent advertis H. R. 6085. A bill for the relief of Klaus ing withi:J?. their borders; to the Committee Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Samuli Gunnar Romppanen; to the Com and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk mittee on the Judiciary. 238. By Mr. McDOWELL: Petition pre· and referred as follows: sented by a group from the Woman's Chris By Mr. WALTER: tian Temperance Union of Delaware and H. R. 6086. A b111 for the relief of certain 237. By Mr. HORAN: Petition of 114 resi dents of the State of Washington to help residents of Wilmington, Del., protesting relatives of United States citizens or lawfully bring up mentally and morally sound chil the advertising of alcoholic beverages over resident aliens; to the Committee on the dren and to conquer the juvenile delin the radio and television and in magazines Judiciary. quency now in our midst by exercising the and newspapers, and urging support of Sen H. R. 6087. A bill for the relief of Salva powers of Congress to get alcoholic beverage ate bill 923, introduced by Senator LANGER tore Emmanuel Maltese; to the Committee advertising off the air and out of the chan in the 84th Congress; to the Committee on on the Judiciary. nels of interstate commerce, and thus pro- Interstate and Foreign Commerce.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
Commemoration of the Inauguration of Liberty, and to assert my strong support of of Commerce, the Sons of the American Rev pending legislation directed at adding to olution, the Downtown Manhattan Associa George Washington as First Presi their usefulness. tion, and numerous others for their interest As you have just noted, there is now an in the development of Federal Hall and the dent added reason why I am pleased to be here Cast le Clinton and Statue of Liberty Na today. tional Monuments which are closely asso EXTENSION OF REMARKS Though I do not minimize the major im ciated geographically here. portance of the historic event we celebrate, We in the Department of the Interior and OF I would be less than human if I did notre the National Park Service take very seriously HON. IRVING M. IVES joice at receiving this handsome Chauncey our obligation to preserve these three his M. Depew medal for public service. toric places for the benefit and inspiration OF NEW YORK I am profoundly grateful to my com of the American people. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES patriots in the SAR for the signal honor We believe, as do the city and State gov Thursday, May 5, 1955 which has been bestowed on me. ernments, and the patriotic organizations, As a Son of the American Revolution in that the full development of these sites Mr. IVES. Mr. President, I ask unani the Oregon chapter for many years past, I will be of immeasurable help in making mous consent to have printed in the CoN have deemed my a.fliliation with that organi Americans more conscious of their past his GRESSIONAL RECORD the text Of a speech zatioh as an extraordinary privilege. tory and will strengthen their devotion to delivered by Secretary of the Interior It is a privilege enjoyed by virtue of my their country. great great grandfather, Joshua Armstrong, a With funds available, work of restoration Douglas McKay in New York City on Philadelphian, who fought in the Revolu and for interpretation is going forward but April29, 1955, commemorating the inau tionary War. much remains to be done at each of the guration of George Washington as first It is with a deep sense of humility, there sites befor'e they can provide their full President of the United States, in 1789. fore, that I accept this significant SAR award, measure of benefit and inspiration. In his address, Secretary McKay en the Chauncey M. Depew medal. Along with Independence Hall in Phila thusiastically endorsed S. 732, which I I shall always cherish it as a remembrance delphia, Federal Hall occupies a site so rich believe is on the calendar, and which I of this occasion and as a symbol of the pub in historic events of national importance had the privilege of introducing on be lic-service achievements of that honorable that very few others are comparable to it. American whose memory it perpetuates. While we have made admirable progress half of my colleague from New York This medal shall serve as a constant re [Mr. LEHMAN] and myself. This bill here, the physical fabric of the memorial minder of his achievements and an inspira building itself is in need of rehabilitation. would promote :public cooperation in the tion to strive for greater personal attain The great rotunda-an impressive setting for rehabilitation and preservation of the ment for the public good in the years to patriotic gatherings-badly needs rehabilita Nation's important historic properties in come. tion and furnishing. Displays and exhibits, the New York City area. I urge that the It is because the spirit of a free people done by modern· methods, are needed to Senate favorably consider this needed is formed and animated out of the store interpret the founding of our Government legislation in the near future. house of historical recollections that Fed and the characters and accomplishments of There being no objection, the address eral Hall Memorial has been set apart here those great personalities, such as Washing as a national historic site. ton and Jefferson, so closely associated with was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, This is the site of some of the most mo as follows: mentous events in American history. it. The Peter zenger memorial room and the .ADDRESS BY SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR DoUG• But more than any other of the his inspiring exhibits installed there through the LAS McKA. Y TO THE SONS OF THE AMERICAN torically important occurrences, the inau guration of George Washington as our first generosity of fourth estate have set the pat REVOLUTION, FEDERAL HALL MEMORIAL, NEW tern for what is needed to make this site YORK CITY, APRIL 29, 1955 President in the old Federal Hall has per haps given this site its chief claim to fame. fulfill its memorial function with maximum Since February, when Gardner Osborn of effectiveness. the New York Chapter, Sons of the American Reviewing these momentous events, we know that we are on truly hallowed ground Castle Clinton was the last of a series Revolution, persuaded me to get excused of forts which guarded lower Manhattan from the regular Friday Cabinet meeting in here. Because of this, the site and this building, which was completed in 1842, were from the time of 'the Dutch settlement in Washington today to come here, I have been 1624 until after the establishment of the looking forward to this occasion with great designated in 1939 as the Federal Hall Me morial National Historical Site, under au Republic. pleasure. Through 146 years of our history as aNa I am delighted to be here. thority of the Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1935. tion, it has had intimate association' with a To me it is a distinct privilege to join with succession of historical figures-General La you at this national historic site to com ·As such, it is preserved as an area of the national park system and administered by fayette, President Jackson, Samuel F. B. memorate the inauguration of George Wash Morse, Jenny Lind, and many others. ington as first President of the United States the Nation,al Park Service with the co 166 years ago tomorrow. operation of the Federal Hall Memorial Asso Named for De"Nitt Clinton, Governor of New York when George Washington was in For t~e Department of the Interior I ex ciates. tend sincere thanks to the New York Chapter All of us who are interested in our his- · augurated, it was the Nation's principal im of SAR for sponsoring this annual observ torical heritage are indebted to the Federal migrant depot in the last half of the 19th ance. Hall Memorial Associates for helping to res century. - In this way the chapter is helping to keep cue this historic place from possible sale Since it was established as a national alive in the minds of the people the import as surplus Government real estate and for monument . in 1950, the exterior of Castle of the historic events which occurred here. aiding substantially in its preservation and Clinton has been restored yet only a start It is a particular pleasUre to recall the development over the past 15 years. in its development has been made. It needs events which led to the establishment of the We also are indebted to many other civic some of the military character it had when three significant areas which we administer and patriotic groups in New York City-the it was a fort. It needs a museum to inter in New York as national shrines for the in city council, the office of the mayor, the pret how the old forts protected New York spiration of all Americans-Federal Hall office of Manhattan Borough president, the Harbor. We hope to succeed in these en Memorial, Castle Clinton, and the Statue of honorary commissioners of the department deavors. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD- HOUSE 5817 Out on·Bedloes Island, in New York Har ORD, I include the· following letter ad the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and · WOuld bor, stands the statue of the Goddess of dressed by me to the Secretary of State: like to point out in particular the re Liberty holding aloft the flaming torch of freedom. It was given to America by the Hon. JOHN F. DULLES, sponse to my first question concerning French people, paid for by their schoolchil· Secretary, Department of State~ reciprocal-trade legislation. I think it Washington, D. C. dren and their workingmen. It was sent here most important to bring to the attention in 1886, 110 years after Thomas Jefferson had DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I am taking the privi of the Congress that a typically eastern formulated the Declaration of Independence lege of includ1ng in this letter to you brief remarks made by me on the floor of the House industrial area indicates such an over proclaiming to the world the equality of all today in connection with the proposed Aus whelming interest in and support of con men and their inalienable rights to life, trian treaty. tinuation of the reciprocal-trade pro liberty and the pursuit of happiness. I am concerned, as I am sure you can well gram. When the statue was erected, it symbOlized imagine, with this country approving lan The results of the poll are as follows: the friendship · between the Republics of guage as found in the so-called article XVI, France and the United States. In the inter 1. Do you favor the continuation of the which will permit in any way the bringing reciprocal trade program of negotiating with vening years its significance has deepened. about the shocking circumstances which de To many millions of the oppressed and of other nations to jointly lower tariffs as a veloped in Europe following World War II, means of expanding world trade? Yes, 83 the venturesome of other lands who have when so many thousands of anti-Communist crossed the ocean in hopeful search of percent; no, 15 percent; undecided, 2 per prisoners and escapees were forcibly returned cent. greater freedom and opportunity, it has be to Russia and torture and death. come the symbol of those ideals of human 2. Do you favor granting statehood to I am aware of the appearance of the word Alaska? Yes, 82 percent; no, 15 percent; liberty upon which our Nation and its form "voluntary" in th~ language of the proposed of government were founded. undecided, 3 percent. Do you favor grant article XVI, but knowing as we do the long ing statehood to Hawaii? Yes, 81 percent; Because of its significance to those of all history of the Soviet attitude toward these nations and peoples who have come to these no, 17 percent; undecided, 2 percent. people the word is a mockery. To disband 3. In the light of the present world crisis, shores in their search for a better way of life, and penalize committees or groups of men the plan to establish in the base of the as well as our budgetary situation, do you and women in these cantonments, who have believe the proposed cutback of the Army statue a Museum of American Immigration expressed anti-Communist beliefs; to open is warranted? Yes, 38 percent; 110, 54 per seems to be a peculiarly happy and suitable without protection or reservation these can cent; undecided, 8 percent. conception. This Nation of ours has been tonments to committees or commissions of 4. The last pay raise granted to postal good to millions of her adopted children, and Russian "agents," can only produce a repe and other Government workers was in 1951. I am deeply confident that many of them tition of many sad and unsavory events of Do you believe their salaries should be in who have prospered here will be glad to con the past under like or similar agreements. creased by: 5 percent, 27 percent; 10 per tribute to the funds required to make a real You are aware, of course, of the current cent, 49 percent; 15 percent, 16 percent; not ity of this plan. forceful propaganda drive by all-Soviet to at all, 6 percent; undecided, 2 percent. · State and city authorities and a group of induce the return of many of these persons 5. Do you believe the present minimum some 20 organizations of New York are now to their homelands, with the resulting propa wage should be increased from 75 cents an working to help us solve the problem of ganda victory to the eastern bloc in the eyes hour to: 90 cents an hour, 22 percent; $1 an further financing the development of these of the world, if these desperate, frustrated, hour, 35 percent; $1.15 an hour, 5 percent; three significant properties in the New York and disillusioned people should return. $1.25 an hour, 18 percent; not at au, 17 per l;l.rea. As a move in that direction, they In this feeling of desolation which over cent; undecided, 3 percent. have sponsored identical bills, introduced in whelms these refugees, coupled with any 6. The present immigration law operates the Senate and the House of Representatives, thing but proper treatment they have re In favor of immigration from northern Eu which look to public cooperation in the ceived from 1the . western nations, they are ropean countries and against immigrants rehabilitation and preservation of the his entitled to be protected from inducements from southern Europe and other parts of toric sites. and blandishments of Soviet propagandists the world. Do you believe this law should The bills, known as S. · 732 and H. R . 3120 operating under the cloak of the language be altered to eliminate this discrimina propose the establishment of a ·special ad originally proposed in article XVI, of the Aus tion? Yes, 53 percent; no, 40 percent; un visory board which would endeavor to deter trian Treaty. decided, 7 percent. mine what is needed to increase the public I trust, with your full awareness of the 7. Do you favor the continuance of the benefit and inspiration from the three areas. circumstances, you will see fit to direct the "point 4" technical assistance program The legislation, if passed, would authorize spokesman in the Vienna conferences for which extends technical help to underde the acceptance of donated funds and the the United States, to be alert to the dangers veloped areas of the world? Yes, 78 per appropriation of such Federal funds as may and the subject matter of this communica cent; no, 18 percent; undecided, 4 percent. be necessary to match funds donated contin tion. 8. Do you favor the proposal which would gent upon that requirement. Sincerely yours, establish universal military training? Yes, I have studied this proposed legislation DANIEL J. FLOOD, 70 percent; no, 22 percent; undecided, 8 per and am heartily in favor of it. Member oj Congress. cent. We have recommended its enactment, be 9. Do you favor the establishment of a lieving that it will provide an appropriate Federal Fair Employment Practices Commis method for enlisting and encouraging private sion to insure that discrimination on the and public cooperation with the Federal Tabulation of P oil basis of race, creed, or color is not practiced Government in the preservation and satis in employment? Yes, 69 percent; no, 29 factory development of these historic shrines. percent undecided, 2 percent. In this effort you and other Americans EXTENSION OF REMARKS 10. Do you favor continued United States can be of much help. OF support of the various activities of the Federal Hall, Castle Clinton, and the Statue United Nations? Yes, 78 percent; no, 19 per of Liberty belong to you, to me, and to all cent; undecided, 3 percent. the people. HON. HARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR. OF NEW JERSEY 11. Assuming the continuance of the pres They are important parts of our heritage. ent operations of our Government and the Whatever you can do, whatever I can do, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES present economic condi~ions in the Nation, to help impart that feeling of pride in our Thursday, May 5, 1955 do you favor an across-the-board lowering historic past in all who visit them will re of the personal income tax? Yes, 42 per dound to our own benefit and the benefit Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. cent; no, 55 percent; undecided, 3 percent. of those who will follow us in the years to Speaker, recently I sent out a 12-ques come. tion poll to 28,000 Union County, N. J., citizens requesting their views on issues presently facing the Nation and the Con The Postal Pay Bill The Proposed Austrian Treaty gress. The response to my question naire was most gratifying and is, I feel, EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS a graphic demonstration of the vitality OF OF of our democracy. I have found the questionnaire to be an invaluable in HON. JOHN D. DINGELL HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD strument for establishing contact be OF MICHIGAN OF PENNSYLVANIA tween myself and my constituents and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would urge every c;llected Representative IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, May 5, 1955 to utilize this means of ascertaining his Thursday, May 5, 1955 constituents' views on issues. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, under Under unanimous consent, I ask that postal pay raise bill in this instance has leave to extend my remarks in the REC- the results of this poll be included in been made an instrumentality to test the , 5818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·-- HOUSE· May 5 average Member of Congress and to de ate conferees could do as regards the The McCarran-Walter Act termine the mettle of which he is made. amount of the pay increase. They had Since the beginning of this 84th Con to take the maximum under the Senate EXTENSION OF REMARKS gress an e:fiort has been made to reduce bill and -the maximum permitted under OF the pay raise from the 10 percent across the House bill and compromise between the-board proposal, with a retroactive the two figures. The figure of 8.8 per HON. THOMAS L. ASHLEY provision, as advocated by myself in the cent is the total provided for and sub OF OHIO House, and by my good friends Senators mitted to both Houses by their con IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JoHNSTON and NEELY in the Senate. I ferees as an essential ·part of the confer have done everything down to the point ence report. The House conferees, in Thursday, May 5, 1955 of compromising with my conscience on fact, had no choice or latitude any more Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, today I certain provisions which I deemed es than did the conferees of the Senate. have introduced a bill which would com sential to the welfare of postal emplcy 'I'he rule of conference is to compromise pletely revise and replace the McCar ees in order to meet objections and speed between the dictum of both Houses. I ran-Walter Immigration Act. This bill enactment. I believe my original have served on too many conferences not is a codification of all existing immigra thoughts were even more liberal than the to know, and the House conferees of the tion. naturalization, and citizenship laws, provisions contained in the Johnston Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv clarifying and simplifying the present Neely bill, but for the sake of uniformity ice, too, are familiar with this rule. act. This in itself would be an im and acceleration in passage and of col I resent wholeheartedly the use of a portant step toward eliminating the con laborating with the distinguished Sena veto threat by the E.xecutive, and that fusion which exists both in our own tors I introduced an identical measur~ applies to any President whether of my country and abroad as to the real policy in the House. party or not. I am positive that the veto of the United States toward those who Now it was not sufficient for the so can and will be overridden, if it occurs, seek to enter her boundaries. But above called administration spokesmen and and I would wager that the President all, this bill would give positive and real the White House to express disapproval will not dare to veto the measure. It is meaning to the democratic principles and make known the President's dis a parliamentary trick and threat which which we, in this country, hold as a shin pleasure. Nearly all, if not all, Repub altogether too frequently boomerangs ing beacon to those beyond our borders. lican leaders, and I am sorry to say a. against the White House or presidential It is no secret abroad that the present few, very few, Democrats have used the spokesman. It is one thing for the Presi immigration laws of the United States threat of a Presidential veto to discour dent to oppose and to plead, but it is belie our expression of "Welcome" to age pay raise proponents. They have quite another for him to repeatedly those brave enough to flee their oppres passed this on to House Members with threaten the legislative branch which, sors-indeed, every day our radio .broad such absolute assurances as to indicate too, has its responsibility. I take my re casts are beaming American ideals of direct expressions of the adverse attitude sponsibility as the Representative of the freedom and democracy and opportu of the White House; namely, to the e:fiect 15th District of Michigan very seriously nity for all to the downtrodden people be· that the President would veto any bill and I attach great dignity to the course hind the Iron Curtain. We tell the peo above, as I recall, 6.5 percent, and even which I pursue in legislating for the ben ples of Europe and Asia of the real hu tually I believe this was raised to 7.6 efit of the people. manitarianism of the United States, and percent. I have held for years that it was the then set legalistic boobytraps for those At any rate, the Senate had passed a disposition of Congress to lag behind the who take us at our word. This is a 10-percent raise with a retroactive pro needs of the workers, and this is not said shameful manner in which to act, and vision and other features, which it sent in any derogatory sense because the de certainly no thinking American can fail to the House for action. The House~ mands altogether too frequently are ex to see the very real consequences of such without any doubt on the score, declared cessive. The pie is only so big and the a policy. itself fearlessly and positively by voting number of cuts per pie are limited. It It is time that we, as American citi upon the three amendments of the gen is the responsibility of Congress to try as zens and as legislators for the American tleman from California [Mr. Moss] and best it can to be liberal with Federal people, see that this disparity between approving them. One bore directly upon employees, with its wards, and all others word and deed is ended. And the only the reclassification feature, one was on who must come to Congress with their way to do this is to enact a fair and com retroactivity, and the other was to raise problems be they financial or otherwise, prehensive law. the amount of the percentage increase and Congress must cut the cloth accord Now I realize that such a sweeping law to 8.2 percent. There was no doubt ing to a reasonable pattern. The budget is open to critics who say that all immi-. about where the House stood on these does not always control. It is not the grants are a danger to .the United States, questions nor was there any doubt as to final word. Thus when we deal with an and that any immigrant may be a Com where the Democratic and Republican emergency and it concerns a balanced munist wolf parading in the proverbial Parties stood on the questions. The Re budget or a balanced ration for the hun sheep's clothing. Let me reply to such publicans in the House almost to a man gry we must provide first against starva critics that my bill provides full and and woman, some of whom actually tion. If it is a matter of the Nation's comprehensive security against subver voted for their own 50-percent pay raise, safety and security the budget again is sive and undesirable aliens; it actually alined themselves with the enemies of secondary to survival. In this instance~ tightens existing laws which permit the faithful and devoted workers who . with the postal and classified employees thousands of unscreened aliens to cross serve the public so thoroughly and well it is a question of trying to meet a con our borders. Certainly what this Nation under circumstances which are fre dition and solving the problem and find needs is a law which permits desirable quently not the best. The Democrats, ing a means and a method of overcoming people to come to the United States, and on the other hand., true to form, voted in any deficit. I am willing to go to any a law which absolutely protects those support of a fair and reasonable increase extent necessary to balance the budget, in the United States from the seditions and stood by the postal workers, as they whatever the legitimate means may re of subversives, and this bill does both. will by the classifi~d employees of this quire. My bill would also eliminate all racial same Government of ours when that The Presidental action as regards the and national bias, establish a uniform question comes up for disposition a little pay bill which he vetoed after the 83d right of review and appeal from admin· later. - This rankles in mY heart and Congress went home was wanton, pre istrative decisions, and remove the dis stimulates belligerency to do combat meditated, distasteful, and unjustified, tinctions between native-born and nat against the determined minority and the because Congress, too, has its responsi uralized American. citizens. Certainly White House, and including President bilities. The President could have vetoed there can be, in. this Nf..tion of equality, Eisenhower, all of whom have stood in the bill before adjournment despite the no "second-class" citizens. My bill the way of a reasonable increase for Gov fact that pay action bills were. delayed would also replace the national origins ernment workers, and reaches the point u.ntil the very last, I shall always re quota system with a new unified quota where I am ready to accept the Presi member this action and point out that system. -It would provide for a sepa dential challenge and the threat of veto that is nqt my way of legislating nor ar rate single agency to handle all immi by putting it to a test. · riving at a responsible understanding gration and naturalization functions, Under the circumstances, there was between the executive and the legislative which are now divided between the Con only one thing which the House and Sen- branches. sular Service of the State Department 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5819 and the Immigration and Naturalization NKVD, assured the Polish leaders that in the report of the commanding officer Service of the Justice Department. It "as an officer of the Red army who has was W. D. Leahy, naval cadet. The dis would also differentiate between aliens been entrusted with such a greatly im tinguished conduct under fire by Naval seeking permanent residence here and portant mission, I guarantee to you, un Cadet Leahy in his first assignment alien visitors coming here for scholarly der my word as an officer, your fate will aboard ship became the pattern for his or scientific purposes, for business or be in my hands and that after your future illustrious career. pleasure. arrival at our quarters you will be abso During the Philippine Insurrection May I remind the spokesmen of both lutely safe." and the Boxer Rebellion he was assigned major political parties that the Ameri But on March 27, 1945, when General to the Asiatic station, where after serv can people have been promised revision Okulicki and Vice Premier Jankowski ice in the Castine and the Glacier he re of existing immigration laws. Both presented themselves at the headquar ceived his first command in the gunboat candidates for the Presidency in 1952 ters · of Colonel General Ivanov, in ac Mariveles. declared that such revision is essential cordance with previous arrangements, After several assignments ashore and to the good name of the American people, and on the following day, when three afloat, his outstanding qualities of lead and I believe the American people think members of the Home Council of Min ership and ability to shoulder responsi so too. President Eisenhower reiterated isters and 8 representatives of the prin bility were recognized by his appoint this declaration in his state of the Union cipal political parties took the same step, ment in 1911 as fleet ordnance officer of message in 1953, and in April he speci they were all arrested. Not until May 5, the Pacific Fleet, and the following year fically requested such legislation in let 1945, was there any statement regarding by his assignment as chief of staff to ters to the Vice President and the their whereabouts. Subsequently 3 of the Commander Naval Forces in Nica Speaker of the House. We cannot con the men were acquitted, while the others ragua. Late in 1912 Admiral Leahy was tinue to maintain what has been called were given sentences up to 10 years in given shore duty in the Navy Depart a "redtape curtain" in our immigration prison. ment but by 1915 World War I was hav and refugee laws and still in all honest This entire proceeding, needless to say, ing its effect on the United States and sincerity criticize the Iron Curtain was a flagrant violation of all estab he took command of the dispatch gun abroad. lis]}ed principles of international law and boat Dolphin engaged in the hazardous May I propose to the Members of of justice. I, therefore, respectfully rec search for German supply vessels. Congress, then, that we, each of us, rid ommend that the resolution that I intro After a short tour in 1917 as executive our Nation of the hypocritical sham and duced today be acted upon as a demon officer of the battleship Nevada, attached pretense of democracy contained in the stration of our desire and the desire of to the Atlantic Fleet, he took command McCarran-Walter Immigration Act, and the American people to redress this of the troop transport the U.S. S. Prin show the world that the American ideals wanton miscarriage of justice. cess Matoika. For his distinguished of freedom and justice are realities both service as commanding officer of this at home and abroad. vessel in transporting troops and sup plies to European ports through waters Fleet Adm. William Daniel Leahy Reaches infested with enemy submarines and 80th Milestone on Life's Highway mines, he was awarded the highest naval The Fate of Poland's Underground Leaders decoration, the Navy Cross, and also a special letter of commendation by the EXTENSION OF REMARKS War Department. EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF OF The end of World War I did not enable HON. JAMES E. VANZANDT Admiral Leahy to rest on his laurels. HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD OF PENNSYLVANIA Instead, even more exacting and impor OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tant assignments were soon to come his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way. In 1921 he had command of the Thursday, May 5, 1955 flagship St. Louis with responsibility for Thursday, May 5, 1955 Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Speaker, today protecting Americans and American in Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, during the America has another opportunity to terests in Turkish waters and the Black last war the Soviet Union with diabol honor a most distinguished naval officer, Sea during the war between Turkey and ical calculation set out to destroy all Fleet Adm. William Daniel Leahy, on Greece. After assignments in the Bu sources of Polish democratic leadership his 80th birthday. So as to indicate the reau of Navigation and in command of that might arise in the postwar era and distinction due this great American, I the battleship New Mexico, he was ap thus frustrate Communist objectives of am going to mention the highlights of pointed Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance making Poland a satellite state. In his career, which more eloquently than in 1927 with the rank of rear admiral. Katyn Forest the cream of the Polish any words of praise reflect his service to Although by this time he had completed officer corps was wantonly massacred by his country. 30 years of outstanding naval service, direction of the Soviet Government. In Admiral Leahy was born on May 6, it seems that this service was just a the futile but heroic Warsaw uprising the 1875, in Hampton, Iowa, the son of M.A. practice for that which was yet to come. Soviet Army waited silently and delib and Rose Hamilton Leahy. Upon grad After duty in the fleet and on a Navy erately at the gates of Warsaw while the uation from high school in Ashland, reorganization board, Admiral Leahy was Polish Underground Army was ruthless Wis., he entered the Naval Academy in appointed Chief of the Bureau of Navi ly devoured by the Nazi war machine. 1893. After completion of the course at gation. It is a signal honor to serve as And finally in March 1954 the leaders the Academy he was assigned to duty chief of one bureau of the Navy but to of the Polish underground were misled aboard the new battleship Oregon which be honored by an appointment to serve by acts of Soviet treachery and ulti was then stationed in the Pacific. It as chief of a second bureau is indeed mately were arrested and imprisoned by soon became apparent that war with rare. . the Soviet Government. Spain was imminent. So as to have her However, outstanding performance of Prior to the formation of the Polish available for possible operations against duty was to bring more responsibility and coalition government in 1945, Moscow the Spanish Fleet, the Oregon was or higher honor. He again returned to sea, agreed to allow 12 underground Polish dered from the west to the east coast. this time as Commander Battleships leaders to consult with the Polish Gov-· She executed these orders by her famous with the rank of vice admiral and soon ernment in London on the arrangements 14,700-mile voyage around Cape Horn at to be commander in chief, battle force, for the coalition regime. The Polish the then record speed of 11.6 knots. with the rank of admiral. I can well underground leaders, among whom were More important, when she arrived in the imagine that he may have felt that he Gen. Leopold Okulicki, commander of Carribean, the Oregon was in readiness had reached the pinnacle of a naval the Polish Home Army, Jan Stanislaw for battle which shortly came with the career. But by 1937 the dark clouds of Jankowski, Stanislaw Jasiukowicz, and Spanish Fleet in Santiago Harbor. In World War II were gathering and on Antoni Pajdak, received an invitation the engagement which resulted in the January the 2d of that year, Admiral through indirect channels to confer with destruction of that fleet, the crew of the Leahy was appointed Chief of Naval Op Colonel General Ivanov, of the Red Oregon distinguished itself and among erations, the only officer in naval history Army. Colonel Pimenov, of the Soviet the ship's officers who were commended to receive that appointment who had 5820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 5 already served as chief of two bureaus of supplemented by his fundamental concern many dedicated to reforming something. the Navy Department. As was his habit in the welfare of humanity as a whole, Topics vary all the way from foreign he served with distinction and was re transcended his. already vast knowledge of policy to mosquito extermination. military atrairs to culminate in statesman sponsible for laying the groundwork of ship beyond that required of any naval offi It has been said that America is a the two-ocean Navy which swept the cer in our history. slave to resolutions, and that the aver enemy :fleets from the seas in World age citizen feels a thrill of exaltation War n, carried troops and supplies to Fleet Admiral Leahy's record serves as when he attends the annual dinner of our allies and to which all the allied na an inspiration and a challenge to every his trade society, and votes aye to num tions should be thankful for its great American. He presents an example of erous resolutions all aiming at reform contribution to victory. dedication to his country; of inspired or regeneration of someone else. After completion of his term as Chief service which disregards all personal Again we have a very riot of special of Naval Operations, Admiral Leahy re considerations; and of strong individual days: Father's Day, Mother's Day, Army tired from naval service. Upon this oc character derived from· habitual dis Day, Navy Day, and so forth, all designed casion, the Secretary of the Navy wrote cipline and scrupulous regard for obliga to focus attention on some concrete him: tion and duty. In a word, he is the per definite policy or group. Your career in the active naval service ex sonification of the traditional Navy spirit Thus, logically, we have an American tending over a period of 46 years has included of self -sacrifice in the service of his Loyalty Day to call attention to the many activities within the varied scope of country. God grant that we shall al needs of such efforts. If we can only the naval profession. You have seen active ways have officers like Admiral Leahy to service in two wars. . • • • You have repre· call on in time of need. get people to think American · loyalty sented the Government on diplomatic com just once a year, something at least has missions, and have served on vessels of the been accomplished in the cumulative ef ••old Navy" as well as the latest of the "New fort, a habit of mind has been formed. Navy." Your sea service ter:r:1inated as com American Loyalty Day Such a day has numerous implications. mander, Battle Force United States Fleet, The date itself is important-May 1- and from that command you were selected the famous Red May Day, the day of for the highest post in the Navy, that of Chief EXTENSION OF REMARKS international protests. This day has al of Naval Operations. Your conduct as Chief OF· of Naval Operations has been marked by ways been regarded with ap-prehension sound and original thinking, as well as vigor HON. JOHN LESINSKI, JR. in the capitals of Europe, and, to some degree, in our crowded eastern seaboard ous action and has greatly contributed to OF MICHIGAN the welfare of the service. These and all the cities and the industrial centers of the other duties which have been assigned to you IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nation. May 1, set aside in the minds have been discharged competently, ably, and Thursda'!l, May 5, 1955 and hearts of all loyal Americans, can to the fullest satisfaction of the Government. Mr. LESINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Vet reduce the Red May Day aspects to the ·sixty-four years of age--forty-six erans of Foreign Wars, through its dull level of anticlimax: years of arduous naval service including Loyalty Day observance on May 1 of each American. Loyalty Day iS- not merely two wars--certainly now he could rest. year, desires to help combat anti-Amer for native-born citizens of this land, but But to those who are dedicated to the ican propaganda at home and abroad. for all who have chosen this frujtful, service of their country, rest is more This effort, dating back numerous years democratic way of life. It is not a self often a hope than a reality. Six weeks in the annals of. the VFW has grown in ish, personalized observance, but gives after his retirement he was named Gov scope each year. The Communist dem opportunity.for the individual to examine ernor of Puerto Rico and a year later onstrations that have taken place in this his American loyalty and decide whether was called from that post to be Am country annually on May 1 have been ef or not he is actively making use of it for bassador to France which at that time fectively counteracted. Thousands of the good of all mankind. was under the occupation of Nazi Ger patriotic Americans take an active part Effective loyalty must be inspired and many. There he laid the groundwork in Loyalty Day parades and celebrations strengthened by a capacity to see beyond for French collaboration with the United that are sponsored by VFW posts and the material facts which surround us. States. To him is due much of the their auxiliaries in towns and cities Otherwise, it can never survive the in credit for the neutra1ization of the throughout the Nation. It has been evitable changes which take place daily French Fleet and preventing its addition proved that loyal Americans are more in material things. "The things which to the Nazi and Italian navies which than willing to demonstrate their al are seen," wrote St. Paul, "are temporal; were seriously threatening our shipping legiance to the principles of American but the things which are not seen are at that time. His work in this regard ism. The VFW should be congratulated eternal." . was a triumph over an extremely in and profoundly thanked by every loyal True American loyalty demands a ca tricate complex of French politics and American for its use of the weapon of pacity to look beyond the immediate personal loyalty. truth. difficulties. That is the secret of its He was recalled to active duty on July As far back as 1929 the Veterans of power. It is an age-old promise. His 20, 1942 and given the unparalleled ap Foreign Wars defined Americanism in tory is filled with apparent miracles pointment as Chief of Staff to the Presi the following timeless phrases: achieved by men who, in the face of im dent in his capacity as Commander in Americanism·is an unfailing love of coun possible odds,. held loyal to their basic Chief of the Army and Navy. In this ap try; loyalty to its institutions and ideals; principles of life and looked beyond the pointment he served as Chairman of the eagerness to defend it against all enemies; immediate present, regardless of current Joint Chiefs of Staff and as a member undivided allegiance to the flag, and a desire skepticism. Consider the incredible of the Combined Chiefs of Staff. Here, to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves things in which the great inventors have and as personal adviser to the President and posterity. believed, the impossibilities which the he played a large part in forniulating the This definition follows somewhat the scientists have created, the miracles that political and military decisions which led preamble to the Constitution of the have occurred upon our own athletic to the victory in World ·war n. United States. Loyalty becomes some fieldSw In December 1944, he was honored by thing more than a theory or a postulate Loyalty is certainly not a blind de appointment to the newly ·Created l'ank when it is translated· into practice. votion; it is ready to transform beliefs of :fleet admiral. We Americans are a logical people into action; it must recognize the re Fleet Admiral Leahy continued to when it comes to matters pertaining to. sponsibilities of American citizenship; serve as Chief of Staff to the President organization. We have a genius for the it has an appreciation for the perils aris as Commander in Chief until March 25, creation of the mechanics of civic or ing in everyday life but ehooses to over 1949, when his resignation was reluc ganizations. There is no country·in the come them. tantly accepted. On that occasion the world with our multiplicity of civic ef Loyalty may be difficult to define. It: President presented him with a gold star forts. Service club follows service is not something that is bought and paid in lieu of a third Distinguished Service clu~for both men and ·women. for. It is not purchasable on an open Medal. The citation reads in part: The same tendeney is obvious in the market. It must be given open ·heart His supreme loyalty to his country and field of the printed word. Magazine fol edly, freely~ with the kind hope that the his appreciation of its place in world atrairs, lows magazine in abundant profusion, recipient will find happiness and com.:. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUS,R 5821 fort in it. It must be felt as a warmth of Rules Committee, to Congressman· 2_ out of the 3 of its members present at welcome, a deep sincerity. It must leave. RoosEVELT in describing the type of tes~ all hearings. an indelible imprint which is unfor~ timony which was required to be in I trust that this will give you the informa tion you desire, and with appreciation for gettable and is remembered long . after closed session meets with my hearty ap your good wishes, which I reciprocate most the deed which it accomplished is for proval and I respectfully urge that each heartily, I am gotten. It cannot be demanded or com~ and every chairman and subcommittee Very sincerely, mandered. chairman of House investigative com JAMES ROOSEVELT. The loyalty that these United States mittees carefully note the reasonable and expects of us on May 1, 1955, and the sound explanation made by the distin APRIL 21, 1955. other 364 days of the year, is the loyalty guished Representative from Virginia, Hon. JAMES RoosEVELT, it deserves-no more, no less. Hon. HoWARD W. SMITH. House of Representatives. MY DEAR COLLEAGUE: I am communicating Again, may I commend the Veterans In this connection, I will state that to you at this time and asking your coopera of Foreign War-s for their patriotic en during the time Subcommittee Chair tion along the lines requested by me herein deavors and urge each citizen to become man RoosEVELT was making inquiry I as an aid to me in connection with the active in the demonstration of American was not available in Washington be practical application and working out of the loyalty. cause I was presiding as subcommittee Doyle resolution, House Resolution 151, chairman of the House Un-American which passed the House of Representatives Activities Committee hearings in Mil unanimously on March 23, 1955. As you and your subcommittee of the Roosevelt Subcommittee-Small Busi waukee, Wis. I make this explanation in Small Business Committee of the House ap ness Applies Requirements of House connection with Mr. RoosEVELT's letter parently held the first investigative hearings to me for the reason that several Mem by a subcommittee subsequently to the en Resolution 151 to First Hearings bers have asked if I concurred with the actment of House Resolution 151, I am inter interpretation placed upon this section ested in your full advices and information EXTENSION OF REMARKS of House Resolution 151 by Rules Com~ to me of how the aforesaid resolution worked OF mittee Chairman SMITH and Subcom out in connection with the important sub mittee Chairman RoosEVELT who was so committee hearings here at the Nation's HON. CLYDE DOYLE Capital and then out in California. Did vou ·fine and fair in undertaking to apply the have any occasion to apply any partie1i1ar OF CALIFORNIA full intent and spirit of House Resolu~ paragraph of House Resolution 151? If so, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion 151 to his subcommittee hearings. how did you apply it and what the practical Thursday, May 5, 1955 CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, result? HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, I will also thank you for any comment Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, by reason Washington, D. C., May 2, 1955. or suggestions you may have in this con of the unanimous. consent heretofore Hon. CLYDE DOYLE, nection. granted me so to do, I am pleased to 1030 New House Office Building, Thanking you in advance and with per present for your information, and also Washington, D. C. sonal regards, I remain, the information and guidance of my MY DEAR CLYDE: Responding to your letter Cordially yours, of April 21 requesting full information as to CLYDE DoYLE. other distinguished colleagues in this the application of House Resolution 151, of great legislative boNGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 5 instantly. The other car burst into supervision. I feel an analysis now is You may be sure if we do, the Com flames. necessary with regard to the e:f!ect of munists may· be counted upon to seize Mr. Pemberton pulled to a stop and automation on the American economy. upon every dislocation and resultant risked an explosion of the gasoline tank That definition, in the vernacular, is period of unrest and unemployment to to use the fire extinguisher he carried in a mouthful. I tried to find a simpler further their own plans. his cab to put out the flames. He placed definition and turned to the dictionary And please, let us not deceive our flares on the highway to prevent other in my office. We have a 1951 edition of selves: automation has arrived and will motorists from crashing into the two Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary; continue to expand with ever-increasing wrecked cars. and, do you know, the word "automa rapidity. The labor supply is, accord He then removed Miss Powell from the tion" is not in there. I then asked the ing to all predictions, scheduled for wreckage and applied a . tourniquet to Library of Congress for a definition of great increases. With the simultaneous her leg, which had been nearly severed the word. They report it is not con increase in automation, what will these at the knee. He did not remove Miss tained in any dictionary they have. De prospective employees do. I do not know Cooper because as he explained after spite this, we have all, however, heard and I do not believe any one person ward, "she was bleeding too badly at the a great deal about automation recently. knows the answer. According to govern throat to risk being moved." However, Just a day or so ago, a certain great mental reports, industrial employment he· did place cloth padding under her American industrial company sent out decreased again in March, reaching the chin to check, as far as possible, the its employee relations newsletter, "for lowest level since last September. bleeding. circulation among management." It is The best available data shows that the A physician who cared for Miss Cooper entitled "Automation-Friend or Foe?" packing industry is being seriously af later said "her survival could have been On page 5 of that newsletter this con fected today by automation. Due to au termed a miracle" and was due largely cern said that today the employer must tomation in that industry, more job rates to Mr. Pemberton's quick action at the automate to stay alive, and to automate, were "bargained out" of the new contract scene of the accident. he must get his costs down appropriately with one packer this year than in all the Michigan is proud of Floyd Pemberton. and "remove from his payroll any sub last 15 years put together. But the pride goes much deeper than stantial surplus of employees not The electronics industry, in the well mere respect for his new honor. needed." The company continues, chosen phrase of Robert Bendiner, of Floyd has an honorable discharge from saying: the Reporter magazine, "the fountain the Marines and was wounded at Saipan The point is that there is no royal road head of automation," which should be and Okinawa. He and his lovely wife, to technological progress and if we want to employing many new people in produc Bonnie, live with their 3 sons in their continue to see our level of living go up, ing the new mechanical wonders, shows own home ·in Redford Township, just some risks by all are inescapable. Since it that employment just is not keeping outside Detroit. is no longer a question of whether industry pace with production. ~'Electronics out With no time for the usual scout in general will automate, but only whether put in 1952 was 275 percent higher than a given company will be a leader or fall be master's schedule, Floyd makes up for hind, anybody who is temporarily displaced in 1947, but was produced by only 40 it by taking his boys and fellow members by improvements in that company would percent more workers," according to of Troop 227 on special fishing and bowl lose his job anyhow-along with au the other Bendiner. ing outings. employees in that company losing their The telephone industry furnishes a The Pembertons are a typical, happy jobs-if it should fall back in the parade. daily example of the e:f!ects of automa American family group. What that company is really saying is tion. Many of the calls which once were And it is for this that Michigan pri this: There is no longer any question toll calls needing a special operator are marily honors Floyd. It is respect for about industry adopting automation. now dial calls and can be completed by the solid American citizen, who did not Companies which do automate will have the individual placing it. Fifty thousand hesitate to plunge himself unselfishly to fire substantial numbers of employees telephone operators have been replaced into the midst of a dangerous situation and those who do not automate-and re so far by this new dial system. to aid his fellow beings. Life magazine, with calm aplomb, duce their payrolls to remain competi says: His kind are the citizens of whom we tive-will be unable to remain in busi all are proud. ness, and all their employees will be put With a total of 2.7 million not working, we have been able to turn out and consume out of work. That is what this concern virtually as much goods as at the record told its management. heights of the boom. What this indicates- Effect of Automation on Our Economy Certainly no one here wants to put a damper on the increased expansion and And this is the point- growth of American industry. One of is that the United States may be able to EXTENSION OF REMARKS the marvelous results ·of the genius of produce and consume at boom-time levels, OF the people of the United States is an eco yet still have a "permanent reserve" of un employment, which may increase. HON. IRWIN D. DAVID~ON nomic machine capable of building our Nation into a true paradise. I say-full OF NEW YORK That is a fine way to describe a worker speed ahead. There can be no turning with a family to feed: "Permanent re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES back, no halt to progress. If we falter, serve of unemployment." We cannot Thursday, May 5, 1955 we plant the seed of our own downfall. just set aside these men and women Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, re However, we must proceed carefully and and call them trained reservists like cently, I introduced a resolution which not foolishly; intelligently and not the National Guard or Reserve. was referred to the Rules Committee. It wastefully; forcefully and not destruc The Factory Management and Mainte provides for the creation of a select com tively. This same wonderful economic nance industrial editor had this to say; mittee of seven Members of this House machine which we have built can very according to Bendiner's excellent article, to study the e:f!ects of automation on our easily turn upon us, devour our working which I highly commend as "must" read economy. men, eliminate our consumers, and like ing-the Reporter, April 7, 1955: I humbly ask the support of the Mem the Frankenstein monster, destroy its The jobs that are "duck soup" for elimi bers of the House for the early establish creator. nation by automatic production are mainly ment of this committee. I believe the There can be no doubt that economic the semiskilled ones, such as machine op urgent need for the study envisaged in planning is an absolute necessity today. erating and materials handling. Some ob my resolution, House Resolution 221, is Recognizing this, the Federal Reserve servers believe the factory of the future will clear. The resolution would authorize the Board has raised the margin require go so far as to wi.pe out this great "mi.ddle creation of a select committee to make ments for stock purchases twice in the class" of industry. a full and complete investigation and last 4 months and has taken other steps The effects of automation will first be study of the growing use of automatic to help guide our economy and our well felt in the areas of the country most machines to make decisions previously being. We must not neglect the labor heavily populated and industrialized. requiring the exercise of human judg and industrial situation and the helpless These areas, my own New York, New ment, and to perform functions previ condition of the millions of American England, Ohio, Michigan, and other in ously requiring human participation or employees. dustrial States, are all in the path of 1955 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD- HOUSE 5823 catastrophic dislocations. As autom-a General Pulaski: American Benefactor deputies to the Sejm. The Sejm, being tion accelerates; the obsolescence of paralyzed by the threatening force of present plant facilities mounts, thus EXTENSION OF REMARKS 30,000 Russian soldiers, could not do causing mass exodus of industry from OF much to defend the arrest of its deputies. these areas having skilled, trained labor Neither did King Stanislaw August pools. HON. JOHN LESINSKI, JR. Poniatowski take any action. The only While the effects of automation have OF MICHIGAN answer to the Russian outrage was a not as yet been completely recognized, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES firm plan for an uprising, which was automation today is like a slow, creeping drafted by Jozef Pulaski. He found an paralysis. The employee who is being Thursday, May 5, 1955 able and loyal supporter in his own son, replaced by a machine is in many cases Mr. LESINSKI. Mr. Speaker, about Kazimierz. On January 29, 1768, the rehired for merely temporary work, 2 months ago was the 207th anniversary insurrection was proclaimed at bar and while the millions now unemployed can of the birth of General Pulaski. As a from then on Gen. Kazimierz Pulaski not find new work. It is this employee person with dogged determination, Gen fought uninterruptedly one battle after who is not hired who is the most seri eral Pulaski has few, if any, equals. another. He was in charge of the armed ously affected at the· moment. His perseverance to accomplish his mis positions at Zwanice and at the Holy Certainly in the long run automation, sion marked him by his enemies as a Trinity trenches. He crossed the swollen like all progress and industrial advance "must" to be disposed of. Only due to Dniester River, when outnumbered by ment, will prove highly beneficial to all. his likewise determination to be free was 4,000 Russians, and, unimpressed, he led More jobs will be created. More goods he able to acomplish so much before his attachment of 400 horsemen through will be produced. More leisure and more death finally overtook him at Savannah. Bukovina to Karkow. Meanwhile, Jozef pay will be available to everyone. Walter A review of his background in Europe, Pulaski, the general's father, had died in Reuther, of the CIO, recognized this his continued fight for freedom and a Tartar prison, his younger brother was when he said that we will achieve an finally his meeting with Benjamin arrested, and he himself was called by "abundance in terms undreamed of Franklin in Paris, led him to battles in the enemy an ambitious opportunist. before," with "vast improvements in America which should inspire all of us Pulaski did not lose his courage. He the living conditions of the America:q with greater hope. His ability to over once more started an offensive after hav people." come so-called insurmountable difficul ing joined remnants of the Confederates Before we reach this pleasant state; ties should inject us with new vigor to at Sanok. After an unsuccessful attack accept the challenges thrown before us upon Przemysl, he went north to Lith however, we must face the problem which today. uania in order to start an uprising there. automation is now creating. Newsweek One day in September 1775, 28-year But here again he was defeated, and reported: old Gen. Kazimierz Pulaski wrote the added to everything else, he lost his Ford's automatic engine plant turns out following dramatic words in a letter ad brother, ·Francis, who fell in the battle twice as many engines as before with one dressed to his close friend, Prince Radzi against General Suvorov's forces. With tenth the manpower. A radio assembly line producing 1,000 radios a day uses only 2 will: only a handful of men Kazimierz es workers where 200 were used before. An "Education received in earlier days caped into Hungary in order to form new average refinery which employed 800 people prevents me from raising my own hand forces and to get courage for new battles without in~trum~ntation, now uses 12. against myself; but the prolonged hours to come. Kazimierz Pulaski did come of this torture do not bring the deserved back into Poland and in September 1770 _The man put out on the. street today end to my life." he occupied the famous Chestochova or tomorrow is not in the least con., Little did Pulaski know that 3 years Convent, forcing the Russians to retreat. cerned with the land of plenty we will later he was to become a protege of Yet, despite this and many other vic achieve in 1975. He needs help now. George Washington and that his fame tories of the Tsarist armies, the Bar Con Life's vast "unemployed reserve" must and glory would be part of American federacy was growing more and more have help now. history. desperate. In addition General Pulaski Obviously the State and local govern Who was this Polish general, whose was being accused by his own com ments cannot assume this immense task monuments cover the American conti patriots of having planned the kidnaping alone. Federal guidance and planning nent and whose name will be repeated in of King August Poniatowski, a plan he are essential. What is needed, how classrooms for generations to come? had rejected when it was secretly offered much help, and what kind of help the Kazimierz Pulaski was born in nobility him. Pulaski defended himself in a Federal Government should supply is in the Podole Province of Poland on proclamation that he had written, but unknown and should be explored. March 4, 1747. His life on his father's to no avail. He was pronounced a crimi estate passed without any special sig nal, and from fear of being delivered into Senator JoSEPH C. O'MAHONEY has nificance. In comparison with the up Russian hands he began moving from made the point most forcefully when he bringing of other youngsters of that place to place. He would find refuge said that we must "find out how auto violent era, Pulaski's father had been an in Dresden and when the trail after him mation may be made to pay its way in able jurist who lived a retired life, de became hot he moved to Strasbourgh and terms of human welfare." voting his time to the education of his thence to Paris. Although denounced It is clearly the human problem with sons in accordance with the tradition of by the High Court in Poland as a rene which we are concerned. The material the country. Apart from a military gade, Pulaski remained loyal to his cause. values we have in ever-growing abun training, horseback riding and political His only sin was a desire to overthrow dance, but the individual must not be lost indoctrination, his sons receivecl the best the Tsarist regime in Poland and to and buried in a mound of statistics. education one could get through private liberate his beloved country. Once again This Congress can establish itself as tutors. It was at the age of 17 when he made the attempt. At the very mo one of the wisest and best America has ~ung Pulaski learned to despise the ment when Turkey had been defeated known. We have the golden opportu.. Czarist regime and all it had stood for, after the Turkish-Russian War, Pulaski, nity now to evaluate and assess, in ad and he had learned to suffer from priva with only a few enlisted volunteers, ap vance, the benefits, problems, and diffi tion when he and his family were locked peared in the Balka-ns at the camp of the culties which automation will create. If up in a castle by the Russians. It was Grand Vizier. He arrived too late. we seize this chance we can truly help there that young Pulaski learned more, From Rodosto he went to Smyrna and through practice, about the art of open from there to Marseilles. Luck had left mold a greater and healthier society. warfare. This experience came in handy him completely. In Marseilles he was We must act now. We cannot allow later when Pulaski bravely oppooed the robbed of his personal papers and money. an era of ''technological unemployment" enemy in the skirmishes at Starokon He was thrown into jail like a common to come upon us, for if it does, interna stantynow and at Chmielnik, which he criminal for his debts. As he was sit tional communism will seize the oppor defended in the name of the Bar Con ting and brooding in jail over his past, tunity to feed upon this disaster. It is federation. the ·French who had felt responsible for our duty to avert this calamity. His attitude and stand at that time Poland's misfortunes notified Pulaski I implore your support and prompt came as a result of the unprecedented about the presence in Paris of Benjamin approval of this study of automation. arrest by the Russians of four Polish Franklin and Silas Deane, who had been 5824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 5 recruiting volunteers for America. In mand of General Washington, arrived Last year, to commemorate the 175th anni the spring of 1777 Pulaski met Franklin just in time to push the-British back. In versary of Pulaski's d_eath at Savannah, Ga., in Paris. The latter gave Pulaski a let this battle he lost his second in command, 12 governors issued proclamations. ter of introduction to George Washing. Colonel Kowacz, a compatriot, and 50 They were: . Gov. John Lodge, of Connecticut; Gov. ton, saying: men of his legion. Had it not been for Christian A. Herter, of Massachusetts; Gov. "Count Pulaski, of Poland, ·an officer Pulaski's display of bravery and personal Thomas E. Dewey, of New York; Gov. G. famous throughout Europe for his brav combats, Charleston would have been Mennen Williams, of Michigan; Gov. Hugh ery and conduct in defense of liberties of lost to the enemy. Gregg, of New Hampshire; Gov. Lawrence W. his country against the great invading During the summer military opera Wetherby, of Kentucky; Gov. Robert E. powers of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, tions were suspended and the silence on Meyner, of New Jersey; Gov. Robert B. will have the honor of delivering this the front frustrated Pulaski. In con Crosby, of Nebraska; Gov. George N . . Craig 19, of Indiana; Gov. Theodore R. McKeldin of into Your Excellency's hands. The sc1uence on August Pulaski wrote the Maryland; Gov. C. Elmer Anderson of Min court here has encouraged and promoted following letter to Congress: nesota, and Gov. Dennis J. Roberts of Rhode his voyage, from an opinion that he may "Enthusiastic zeal for a noble cause Island. be highly useful to our service. Mr. and for life in America, and disregard Gov. Christian A. Herter of Massachu Deane has written so fully concerning for death made me enlist in your ranks, setts, made the following observation in his him, that I need not enlarge; and I only and I flattered myself that I should work proclamation: add my wishes that he may find in our to your satisfaction and earn your ap "~fter the last partition of Poland, Pu armies under Your Excellency, occasions proval. It must be my fate that nothing laski was forced into exile to Turkey and later but honor to which I have ever been to France, where the news of the American of distinguishing himself." struggle for freedom reached him. There A new unexpected chapter in General faithful, makes me continue in this serv fore, at Paris, he at once presented himself Pulaski's life had begun. At the end of ice; but I am disheartened by ungenerous to ~enjamin Franklin as a volunteer, was July, Pulaski landed at Boston. At that treatment. • • • read~ly accepted, and in July 1777, landed, time there was fierce fighting on the "Be just, gentlemen, and I think as I at h1s own expense in Masachusetts being Hudson River and on the shores of Lake could not bow before the powers of immediately invited by George Washington Champlain. Like a firehorse, tempo Europe I came here to sacrifice every to serve as an officer on his staff. rarily disused, Pulaski grew impatient thing for the independence of America. "~hartly afterwards, as a result of Pulaski's I wish to live in a free country, and be praise-worthy conduct in the Battle of and wrote the following to George Wash Brandywine, Congress awarded him a com ington himself: fore I settle down I wish to fight for that mission as brigadier general to form and "I wish to receive under my command country's freedom. • • • Maybe I shall command the entire cavalry of the Ameri a detachment of cavalry volunteers, and have the opportunity to prove that I am can forces. Thus Count Pulaski earned the to hold such a rank as would authorize a friend to your cause, though I have not . title of 'Father of American Cavalry,' which me to command a whole division if I been lucky enough to commend myself units led so effectively at Germantown, at deserve it. • • • I should like to receive to some person." Charleston, and at Savannah. At the latter Pulaski's desire to take to arms came place, leading his legion to the defense of a position in which I would be under our French allies, Pulaski was fatally orders only from the Commander in sooner than he had expected. In an at wounded. Two days later, on October 11, Chief. If this is impossible, I would like tack to recapture Savannah, Pulaski led 1779, at the age of 31, he had made the to share the hardships of war with the his cavalry under the command of Count supreme sacrifice on the Altar of Liberty." Marquis de Lafayette, and to execute the d'Estaing. When d'Estaing fell wounded, Gov. Hugh Gregg, of New Hampshire, Commander in Chief's orders as the sub General Pulaski took over, but he soon stated: ordinate of the Marquis. The chief fell too, hit by a grapeshot. As a result "Informed Americans are grateful for the thing for which I ask is to be near the of infected gangrene the brave fighter for · memory of the gallant Gen. Casimir Pulaski enemy, to have the opportunity to earn Poland's and America's independence who so bravely aided our people to win thei; died in agony on board the Wasp on independence in a past generation." the name of a good officer. I had under Gov. S. Fine, pf Pennsylvania·, made the my command in Poland in various bat October 11 and he was buried in the watery grave. Thus, this great son of following statement in his proclamation: tles 18,000 men; attacks and sieges which "On the honor roll of heroes and patriots I commanded allow me to count myself Poland never lived to see the finished who suffered and died that we might enjoy among those who have acquired ex fruits of his adopted country, whose the priceless boon of liberty, the name of perience in war. You should not slight foundations he so vigorously helped to Count Casimir Pulaski stands forth with such men; I have come from Europe in lay. great distinction." the hope that I may be accepted in the Mr. Speaker, the Polish Daily News Gov. Lawrence W. Wetherby, of Kentucky, ranks of those worthy citizens who fight recently printed an article by Joseph declared: for their country and independence." Wytrwal in which he presents Pulaski "In battle, General Pulaski's devotion to Proclamations issued by 12 of our State the great American cause was demonstrated On August 28, 1777, the President of by his gallant charge into the enemy lines, Congress received the ·following letter Governors. The survey on General Pu and his tragic death has served to ennoble from George Washington: laski which is reported in this article was him in the eyes of the entire liberty-loving "To think of some mode of employing conducted by students in his American world; and, it is fitting that the recurring him Norman Geohring. assistance and his fortune in developing the only did he check the British but he The arti'cle is as follows: cavalry for the Army of George Washington. personally saved General Washington's TWELVE GOVERNORS ISSUED PULASKI PROCLA• Fighting· not for personal advantage . but the MATIONS principles and ideals to which he was dedi life, insisting to see the latter when he cated, ·he died, on October 11, 1779, in the found out that British forces were mis (By Joseph Wytrwal) battle of Savannah, that the liberty he loved takenly taken for Americans. As a re President Eisenhower made the following so well might live." sult of Pulaski's conduct in the Battle statement in his General Pulaski Memorial Gov. Thomas E. Dewey, of New York, said: of Brandywine, Congress awarded him a Day proclamation for 1954: "Count Pulaski's exploits at Brandywine "The story of this Polish patriot's su commission, and on September 15, 1777, preme contribution to our independence is a were such that Congress made him a brigadier he became a brigadier general in com treasured chapter in the annals of a grate · general and chief of cavalry. The gallant .mand of the entire cavalry of the Ameri ful nation." defense of Charleston by the Pulaski Legion can forces. According to a recent survey, conducted in May 1779, which he organized, is an un forgettable chapter in the military history of On Christmas Eve of 1778 British among the governors o{ the United States, Count Pulaski's deeds of valor on behalf of o'ur country. General Pulaski literally gave forces, after haVing captured Savannah, the American colonists in their':fight for free his life for our freedom when he perished threatened Augusta, Ga., and Charleston. dom ha?e not gone unnoticed or unsung -october 11 of the same year from wounds he Pulaski, who was serving under the com- by subseque-nt generations-of Americans. . sustained at Savannah. ~ ' 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5825 Gov. Robert B. Crosby, of Nebraska, said: tial supplies of the vaccine, the Depart the Surgeon General can take the time "A Polish patriot, Casimir Pulaski, was a ment of Health obviously did not exten to participate on Ed Murrow's TV pro man who so fervently believed in the prin sively analyze the vaccine prior to ap ciples of freedom that he was willing to fight gram, they should both be available for and die for this cause. He was killed during proval and release for public use. The immediate congressional interrogation. the American Revolution defending the Department relied almost completely on Congress should not be compelled to get rights of a people who, like him, wanted the tests of the private producers. In its answers second hand. above all else to be free. So great a patriot failing to conduct tests on all vaccines was he that the Nebraska Legislature some prior to public approval and dissemina years ago saw fit to call the attention of its tion, the Department failed to do what citizens to this martyr by proclamation each it had the authority and the duty to do, An Analysis of the New Trends in the year." Gov. Theodore R. McKeldin, of Maryland, particularly in view of the mass innocu Russian Propaganda Program asserted: lations which were planned. In seek ing to test all vaccines at this late hour, "His contribution to our cause, and EXTENSION OF REMARKS through that cause to liberty in the world, the Department is hopeful to repair the gives him a permanent place in the history dike and control the damage already OF of this Nation which is today's main bul done. HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN wark of freedom and the hope of oppressed There can be no voluntary control by OF OHIO peoples everywhere, including those of Pu the individual States. The American laski's beloved Poland." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Gov. Elmer Anderson, of Minnesota, said: public in all of its promotional hysteria "General Pulaski's dedicated and devoted still relies on the stamp of approval of Thursday, May 5, 1955 service to this Nation has provided inspira the Public Health Service of the Depart Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, on May tion not only for the service men and women ment of Health. The State and local 1 I had the privilege to appear on TV of this country but also for the freedom-lov authorities rely upon the advice and the 'station WXEL, Cleveland, on the pro ing people of his native Poland." counsel of the Federal authorities-and Gov. Dennis J. Roberts, of Rhode Island, gram, Tell Your Congressman. On this if the Federal authorities have failed to occasion I had as my guest, Dr. Edward said: act or if they have acted irresponsibly, "He was assiduous in hoping to find oppor M. O'Connor, a longtime student of com tunities of proving his devotion to the Amer this confidence in the Department of munis·m who has served in numerous of ican cause, although he encountered oppo Public Health may have been misplaced. ficial capacities here in Washington. sition and discouragement in trying to put If the Secretary of Health was hasty in Because of the warm response I have his ideas into effect. At the age of 32 he was licensing, she should be held to account. had from the people of Cleveland to this mortally wounded at the Battle of Savan If the Department has taken this mat program, under unanimous consent, I nah and did not live to see the victory to ter too lightly, its attitude should be which he had contributed." include the full transcript of that pro explained. gram in the RECORD: Gov. John Lodge, of Connecticut, de It is a congressional function and duty clared: Mr. FEIGHAN. The big news in Washington "For his bravery and splendid leadership to determine the extent and effectiveness this week had to do with the question of at Brandywine less than a month after he of the Federal testing of biologicals be peace or war-something which is, of course, had been given his command in America, fore they are distributed on public mar of keen interest to all Americans. Pulaski was accorded the rank of brigadier kets. Certainly prior to a mass innocu President Eisenhower sent a. message to general. His example was an inspiration lation, it is the duty of the Department Congress including recommendations relative to all Americans, and especially to the men of Health to conduct its independent to a mutual security program. At the same of the famous Pulaski Legion, who performed tests to determine the safety of the vac time, we here in Washington watched with signal service in the War for Independence." keen interest the Bandung Conference. Gov. GeorgeS. Craig, of Indiana, made the cine rather than rely solely upon the Then there was the proposal made by Chou following observation in his proclamation: tests of the independent producers. In En-lai, the Russian stooge in Red China, sug "The passage of the years since General the production of defense material, the gesting the possibility of a peaceful settle· Pulaski's death had not dimmed the glory · Government never relied fully upon the ment in the Far East. These events were of his sacrifice or the luster of his fame; producer's warranty but always con topped by the Russian maneuver on the and his selfless devotion to the cause of free ducted its own testing process. This Austrian peace treaty leading to their inde dom stands today as a challenge to all men same principle must apply to the fight pendence. Because these were the big events who work for freedom in all nations." in Washington this week, I have invited a No; the glory of Pulaski's sacrifice, or the against disease. well known and recognized authority on in· luster of Pulaski's fame has not been dimmed The American public had a right to ternational affairs to be with me today. I by the passage of the years. With every assume that the vaccine administered would like to introduce Dr. Edward M. O'Con· passing year, the memory of Count Casimir to their children in a mass innoculation nor, consultant to the United States Govern Pulaski is held in ever greater reverence. was 100 percent safe. If the degree of ment. Gen. Casimir Pulaski is acclaimed with safety in the use of the vaccine was any Dr. O'CoNNOR. Congressman, it is a. pleas· warmest affection by our entire Nation. This less, they should have been so advised. ure for me to appear on this program with affectionate place his memory holds in the you. I have followed your work and your hearts of millions of Americans is well They took the Department of Health's keen analysis on these vital problems which earned-for General Pulaski is truly one of approval to mean the vaccine was safe. affect the security of the American people. our national glories. If the American public has a misconcep ~ou have my congratulations for the prin· tion of the Public Health Department's cipled and courageous stand you have always functions on these points, it should be taken on the fundamental issues. so advised. If the laws relating to bio As you have stated, President Eisenhower The Salk Vaccine logical control should be redefined, a has recommended $3 7'2 billion for the mu. congressional committee hearing is the tual-security program in next fiscal year. How do you feel about this proposal? EXTENSION OF REMARKS · place to begin. If the Department of Mr. FEIGHAN. Well, I think I should point OF Health is commencing at this late hour out that of the total amount recommended to check into the safety factor of a vac _by the President, $1% billion go for m111tary HON. CHARLES A. VANIK cine which it has already approved, the assistance, and the balance for economic de OF OHIO public has a right to know that. ·velopment and technical assistance to the free nations of the world-particularly for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Statements after statements are pouring out to the public from the De those nations which recently acquired their Thursday, May 5, 1955 national independence in south and south partment of Health. No satisfactory east Asia. Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, as a mem explanation is given for reversals. The Dr. O'CoNNOR. What do you feel is the best ber of the House Banking and Currency officials seem to prefer the security of way to evaluate the need for such a program? Committee, I wish to protest the appar making news releases rather than ex Mr. F'EIGHAN. Events of the past week in· ent efforts of Director Oveta Culp Hobby pose their statements to committee dica.te the need for a practical and well-ad and Dr. Leonard A. Scheele to delay and scrutiny and cross-examination. It m.i.nistered mutual-security program. For example, the conference of Asian and African perhaps avoid committee questioning on looks like a coverup for possible public nations held at Bandung, Indonesia, last the safety factor and the Public Health dereliction. week, very clearly pointed out that the Chi Department control of the Salk vaccine. If the Secretary of Health can take nese Reds are bent on bringing all Asia and Except for the review of the so-called the time to tell political gatherings of Africa under Russian slavery. Chou En-lai, protocol on the drugs and tests on par- the developments in this matter and if a notorious Moscow stooge, tried desperately 5826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 5~ to turn all the nations of Asia and Africa: Washington spoke out too soon as to whether of a free Germany into the North AtJantic against us and to brand us as aggressors be-· we should or should not sit down at a Treaty Organization and finally the destruc cause we had the moral courage to stand conference with Communist China? tion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza up for the human rights of the Koreans, the Mr. FEIGHAN. I most certainly do. I feel tion which we have labored so hard to create free Chinese located on Formosa, as well as some people here in Washington spoke out as our common defense against the Red ag the people and nations of Asia. before they knew the real contents of the gressor. The Russians know that a Germany Dr. O'CoNNOR. Mr. F'EIGHAN, I followed very. Communists' proposal. To put it bluntly, I able to defend itself, a Germany granted its closely your analysis of the issues involved in think they grabbed the Communist bait, sovereignty and admitted into the great a111- the Bandung conference long before it which, of course, was dressed up in pretty ance of peace and freedom of the West, will opened, as well as your evaluation of the ribbons, before they took a real look at the immeasurably strengthen our chances for conference before it ended. In particular, bait itself. It is now obvious that the pro peace. What the Russians are trying to do I feel that your estimate made public a week posal made by Chou En-lai is in no way by using Austria as a guinea pig, is to con ago Thursday, to the effect that the newly different from that which he has been de vince the German people that they can be independent nations of south Asia would not manding for a very long time. He now offer.s, free and united only if they will plead their be taken in by the clever propaganda of the as he has in the past, to sit down with us cause in Moscow. Communists, stands as a real tribute to your providing the free Chinese are excluded and Dr. O'CONNOR. Congressman, in light of study and practical knowledge of the meth at this conference we are to hand over to your practical analysis of this Russian ods, tactics, and objectives of the interna him the still free Chinese, so that he in turn maneuver, do you think that the Western tional Communist conspiracy. can put them in Russian slave chains. We leaders should sit down with the Russians on Mr. FEIGHAN. I appreciate your saying that must avoid the well-laid Communist trap of such a treaty when we know in fact that because I feel that unless we carefully study surrender by cease-fire. We must never for it is no treaty at all, but merely a propaganda the enemy, we will never be able to work out get that when we entered into what we weapon? plans or programs calculated to bring about thought was a cease-fire in Korea, we opened Mr. FEIGHAN. I believe that before we sit his defeat and at the same time prevent war, the door to an all-out Communist war in down either with our Allies or with the Rus if possible. Months ago, in a discussion on Indochina. sians, either the President or Secretary of the subject of communism and its tech State should, in a public statement, make niques and objectives, I stated that unless Dr. O'CoNNOR. Mr. FEIGHAN, I agree with we undertake a positive and determined you that Chou En-lai pulled a very clever it clear to the whole world just who has been. stand against Communist aggression, world stunt at Bandung, but it seems to me that seeking a treaty of peace and independence our experience over the years should have for Austria during these past 9 years. The war lli would certainly result. Altogether record of events pertaining to the efforts of too many people then took the position that taught our leaders to have all the facts at if we stood up for what was right we would hand before giving a reaction to any proposal the United States should be brought out in offend the Russians and they would conse made by the Communists. I don't see how the public light as well as the Russian ob quently start a war. Fortunately, very few it would be possible for us from both the structionism and Russian thievery of the today take that point of view and more and moral and legal point of view to attend any natural resources of Austria. We should also more Americans are demanding that we conference with Red China unless the free warn in advance our Allies and our enemy undertake a positive political action program Chinese are sitting as coequals at the confer that we will not be a party to any so-called against the criminal conspiracy of commu ence table. treaty of peace which requires the Austrians nism. Mr. FEIGHAN. Yes; we have made a treaty to deny the principle of political and reli Dr. O'CoNNOR. I presume, Congressman, with free China, which has been ratified by gious asylum which is so basic to our civil that you also have reference to the so-called the Senate, and should we sit down with the ization. experts who cJaim that there are only two Russian stooge, Chou En-lai, we will, for all Dr. O'CoNNOR. Congressman, there has courses open to the free world-either we practical purposes, be abrogating that treaty. been a great deal of talk here in Washington accept peaceful coexistence with the Com Also, I couldn't imagine us sitting down at about a clause in the Russian version of the· munists or engage in preventive war. a conference table at which we were going treaty which in effect, would require the Mr. FEIGHAN. Yes; I do. I oppose both to give away some of the territory of the Austrians to 'turn back to the Russians all peaceful coexistence and preventive war be British or French or Italians without their those freedom-loving people who have man cause as I have so often said neither one representatives present. It is preposterous aged to escape into Austria from behind the serves the interests of the American people. for anyone to propose that the United Iron Curtain. I can't help but recall that Peaceful coexistence is an old-fashioned Rus States give away the territory that belongs we got burned very badly before in a deal sian bear trap, which is only another phrase to another nation and that is exactly what very much like this, entered into at Yalta for surrender. The phrase "preventive war," Chou En-lai is proposing in his latest prop which brought about the forced repatriatio~ in my opinion, was cooked up in the Krem aganda statement. To engage in such a of approximately 4 million people to the lin in orger to prevent red-blooded Amer conference has the effect of granting de slavery of communism. icans from standing up for what is right facto recognition and therefore opening the Mr. FEIGHAN. That is the very thing we and defending our interests when occasion door wide for admission of Red China into have got to avoid in the future. We will demands. the councils of the U .. N. I remain con never find the key to peace and freedom Dr. O'CoNNOR. You and I would certainly vinced that the American people oppose unless we get across to all the people en agree that the Communists are just as clever such foolhardy action. slaved by .communism that we in the West as they are evil. For example, the maneu Dr. O'CONNOR. Mr. FEIGHAN, all of US are will never be a party to turning back those ver of Chou En-lai, over the past weekend . very much concerned with the latest Com heroic souls who escape from Russian com in which he expressed a desire to negotiate munist maneuver on the peace treaty with munism. As a special warning to the ad with the United States in order to prevent Austria. Only last week, Chancellor Rabb ministration, I would like to point out that war in Asia. That is a maneuver we had was summoned to Moscow by the Kremlin if we ever enter into a treaty which requires better take a couple of good looks at before leaders to discuss outstanding differences the Austrians in any way to deny the right we begin to move. leading to such a treaty. How do you look of political and religious asylum, the Rus Mr. FEIGHAN. To understand the propos upon this latest development? sians will have scored their greatest propa al made by Chou En-lai to negotiate with Mr. FEIGHAN. In order to understand the ganda victory since World War II. By this us we first have to remember that his time Russian maneuver on the Austrian peace maneuver they will be able to convince all table for the conquest of all of Asia and treaty, we have to recall to mind that for the resistance forces behind the Iron Curtain Africa was upset at the Bandung Confer the past 9 years the United States has des. that their cause is hopeless and that the ence. At that conference the intelligent perately sought to bring about the inde.,. United States is a party to tyranny. leaders of the newly independent nations of pendence of Austria. The Russians have Dr. O'CoNNOR. It seems to me that you Asia identified communism as a new type done everything imaginable in order to ob have presented in our discussion the most of Russian colonialism, more despotic and struct and to make impossible a real and convincing arguments I have yet heard on tyrannical than any experienced by the peo decent treaty of peace with Austria. As you the need for programs and policies which ple of Asia in the past. These enlightened well know, we have had over 100 confer best defend and advance the interest and leaders served notice on Moscow and all oth ences with the Russians on this subject, security of the American people. I can well ers who are attempting to engage in anY. none of which bore any fruit which is a good understand why so many people here at home form of imperialism or colonialism that they indication of Russian intentions with respect as well as in other parts of the world have are prepared to fight for the sovereign rights to Austria. such great admiration for the foresight and of their nations. This display of enlight Dr. O'CoNNOR .. Yes, that's true, but do you leadership you have demonstrated for the ened statesmanship forced Chou En-lai to think there are some special reasons why cause of human freedom and individual make what appeared to be a sensational the Russians suddenly make what appears liberty. proposal in order to get his name in the to be generous overtures to the Austrians and Mr. FEIGHAN. Ladies and gentlemen: The headlines. This is what caused him to pro attempt to propagandize the whole world issues which we in Washington must resolve pose that the United States and Communist about their desire to give Austria its inde in order to preserve our American way of life China could settle their differences by peace pendence? and to keep the spark of liberty and free ... ful negotiation. Mr. F'EIGHAN. To me it is clear that the dam alive elsewhere in the world require Dr. O'CoNNOR. Congressman, do you feel latest Russian propaganda maneuver on all of us to work together. Thank you, Dr. that in connection with the so-called pro Austria is calculated to prevent the rearm O'Connor, for appearing with me on this posal by Chou En-lai that some people in ament of Germany, to prevent the admission program. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5827 The States Stage a Comeback ment of a general hours law, and temporary shown that, although there are some broad disability insurance for workers in the Dis areas where Federal laws are very necessary trict of Columbia. These are all evidences and effective, such as the Social Security Act EXTENSION OF REMARKS of the Federal Government's determination and Fair Labor Standards Act, for example, OF to assume its proper role and exercise its there are others where, as President Eisen responsibilities in the social and economic hower said, Federal centralization breeds HON. STUYVESANT WAINWRIGHT fields. duplication between Federal and State ef OF NEW YORK The country's workers are vitally inter forts and waste of the taxpayers' money. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ested in a comeback now being staged by the The philosophy of President Eisenhower State govern,ments. The States are once and his administration is that, as far as pos Thursday, May 5, 1955 again demonstrating to the delight of their sible, greater responsibility for labor stand friends and the surprise of their critics that ards legislation should be exercised by the Mr. WAINWRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, they can meet the social and economic needs States, since they are in a peculiarly good under leave to extend my remarks in of their own citizens. They are showing position to know their own needs. the RECORD, I wish to include the fol that they can in many ways do more for Admittedly this approach usually takes lowing address given by our courageous working people than it is possible or prac more time and requires both more effort and Secretary of Labor, James P. Mitchell, ticable for the Federal Government to do. more patience than Federal action would. at the 21st Conference on State Labor In addition they can adapt their legislation It builds a sounder structure, however, and to the special needs of their State and thus one that is likely to last longer. It is easier Legislation, held in Washington on May · help their people make more progress in to enact one Federal law than 48 State laws. 11, 1955. This speech is particularly certain areas than they sometimes can under On the other hand, it is also easier to repeal germane within the President's efforts a more general Federal la\V which has to be one Federal law than 48 State laws. In addi to remove the Federal Government from broad enough to apply to all 48 States. tion, of course, State legislatures can make various areas of State responsibility. When the sovereign States of 1787 banded those variations and special provisions re THE STATES STAGE A COMEBACK together in a Federal Government under a quired to accommodate the law to the local Constitution, they gave up some of their situation and the needs of the people (Address by Secretary of. Labor James P. sovereignty. They were careful, however, to affected. Mitchell to the 21st Conference on State declare in 1791 in the lOth amendment to This campaign is paying off. The 1955 Labor Legislation, Washington, D. C., May the Constitution of the United States that State legislative sessions are not over, but 11, 1955) "The powers not delegated to the United we already have had more State activity on It is my privilege and pleasure to welcome States by the Constitution, nor prohibited behalf of workers than has been achieved at you to the Nation's Capital and to the by it to the States, are reserved to the any time since 1939. The record to date ·21st Conference on State Labor Legislation. States respectively, or to the people." demonstrates that an effective Federal-State Because many of you are here for the first Shortly after President Eisenhower took partnership in the labor field can be de time, let me say that this conference is a office, he ·stated that "The present division veloped and that significant and lasting voluntary assembly. It commits nobody to of activities between Federal and State Gov progress in social and economic legislation anything. We want to promote free discus ernments, including their local subdivisions, can be made by encouraging State action. sion on the various aspects of State labor is the product of more than a century and a I should like to summarize the action legislation and administration. We believe half of piecemeal and often haphazard taken by the States so far this year. The the voluntary character of this meeting is growth. This growth in recent decades has legislatures of 45 States (all except Ken its strength. Ideas grow best on free soil. proceeded at a speed defying order and ef tucky, Mississippi, and Virginia) and the 2 As the Nation's Capital, Washington is ficiency. One program after another has Territories have met in regular session in the symbol, not the source, of the Nation's been launched to meet emergencies and ex 1955. They have been active in every aspect strength. Our strength is in our people. panding public needs. Time has rarely been of labor standards legislation. It is in the country at large toot we see in taken for thoughtful attention to the ef Workmen's compensation laws exist in operation the real fiber and backbone of fects of these actions on the basic structure every State. Amendments to strengthen our democracy. It is in the thousands of of our Federal-State system of government. workmen's compensation laws were intro cities and villages from coast to coast that "Now there is need to review and assess, duced in almost every legislature, and most the people of this country live out their with prudence and foresight, the proper roles of these included one or more types of in daily lives, raise the food we eat, manufac of the Federal, State, and local governments. creased benefits for workers. In 20 States,t ture the products wa use, and develop the In many cases, especially within the past 20 Alaska, and Hawaii, workmen's compensation cultill'e and standard of living which are yearj;, the Federal Government' has entered amendments have been approved; and in all significant American contributions to civili fields which, under our Constitution, are the but 2 of these, benefits of one or more types zation. primary responsibilities of State and local were raised. In some States all types of You are here as the representatives of governments. This has tended to blur the benefits were raised. Two States increased those people. Consequently, you are more responsibilities of local government. It has the maximum weekly benefits for temporary important in the order of things than we. led to duplication and waste." total disability to $40 or more, making a There is occurring in the United States The Eisenhower administration has made total of 13 jurisdictions now providing week today a fundamental change in the course a determined effort to encourage social and ly benefits of $40 or more. of Government. I hope that this change economic progress ·by the free action of labor Bills amending unemployment insurance will be apparent at this conference. and management. We have also encouraged laws were introduced in practically all State Since the founding of our country, the the State governments to develop their own legislatures. Maximum weekly benefits have States have been the great social innovators labor standards for their own citizens and been increased in 18 States,2 Alaska and which first developed new social and eco thereby improve the social and economic Hawaii. Eight States, Alaska and Hawaii nomic legislation and originated programs welfare of all the workers in all the States. now have a basic maximum weekly benefit to improve the welfare of working people. We have felt certain that progress could be above $30, and six others have increased In the course of the past 20 years, we have achieved and that people's needs and hopes theirs to $30, bringing the total of such tended to forget that the first minimum would be met and satisfied more easily, fully, States to 19. The 29 States which have a wage laws and general maximum-hours laws and economically if they took action to help maximum of $30 or better account for over were State statutes, that workmen's com themselves or if their State Governments 68 percent of all the workers in the country pensation was developed by the States, that took action to help them than if sole or even covered by unemployment insurance laws. the first child-labor laws were State statutes. primary reliance were placed on the Federal Pennsylvania has changed its 26-week var In these and other areas, the States have Government. iable duration period to a 30-week uniform traditionally led the way. And, · thanks to The President in his state of the Union duration periOd. Vermont increased its 20- President Eisenhower, they are leading the message and economic reports has recognized week uniform duration period to 26 weeks. way once again. the appropriate role of the States and has Five States now have a 26-week uniform This does not mean that the Federal Gov urged them to act to promote social and eco- duration period. ernment does not have its responsibilities. . nomic progress. In addition, I have followed Rhode Island extended coverage to em Quite to the contrary, there are numerous up the President's request by writing to the ployers of one or more, and New York ex areas where it is incumbent upon the Fed State governors and calling upon them to tended coverage to employers of 3 or more eral Government to promote the welfare of improve their labor· legislation. In meetings as of January 1, 1956, and to 2 or more on wage earners. Last year, President Eisen with State governors and in speeches to hower recommended and the Congress en groups around the country I have consist 1 Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, acted legislation to provide extension of ently advocated improved labor legislation Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, coverage and an increase in benefits under by the States. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Caro the Social Security Act and the first Federal One of our basic needs is the development line, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island. extension of coverage of the unemployment of more effective labor standards legislation South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Wyoming. insurance system since it was created in 1935. in the United States. For the past 20 years 2 Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, This year, the President has recommended a or so the supporters of this type of legisla Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New 20-percent increase in the Federal minimum tion have hammered away at the Congress, Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Penn wage and a substantial ext ension of coverage trying to improve labor standards largely sylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, of the Fair Labor Standards Act, the enact- through Federal legislation. It has been Vermont, Washington. 5828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE May 9 January 1, 195'7. Rhode Island also ex agricultural workers. Most of the bills would vides for safety inspectors and tightens the tended coverage to State employees, with provide for coverage of hired farmworkers provisions relating to safety orders. The elective coverage for employees of political under workmen's compensation, minimum Hawaii amendment generally strengthens the subdivisions. wage, and child-labor laws and for the regu act and provides for additional safety engi There appears to be no more activity in lation of labor contractors and labor camps. neers and inspectors. the direction of restrictive disqualification The State of Washington has enacted a A New York law has been approved that legislation than in previous sessions. law providing for regulation of labor con makes provision for special counseling and Minimum-wage bills were introduced in tractors, and New York continued its joint placement service by the labor department to 33 States and two Territories, including 11 legislative committee on migrant labor. persons over 45 years of age. States without minimum wage laws. In 3 Bills still pending in the State legislatures This action by the States does not in all of these 11 States (Idaho, New Mexico, and would bring agricultural workers under cov cases meet President Eisenhower's and my Wyoming) laws have been enacted. All three erage of workmen's compensation laws, regu recommendations. It does, nevertheless, in apply to both men and women. All three set late labor camps in which migrants are dicate substantial efforts on the part of the a 75-cent basic minimum-wage rate. These housed, or set up commissions to study mi States to exercise their responsibility for im three laws have broad coverage, including grant labor problems. In two States (Con proving State labor legislation and carrying retail and wholesale trade. In Nevada and necticut and Pennsylvania) agricultural out their obligation to promote the welfare Alaska existing laws were amended. In workers would be brought under minimum of their people. · Nevada the statutory rate of 75 cents an hour wage laws. This is a trend which I am sure the Found for women was raised to 87¥2 cents. The Equal-pay bills were introduced in 8 States ing Fathers would applaud. In the lOth Alaska law, as amended, applies to both men not formerly having such laws, and amend amendment to the Constitution they care and women, and sets a $1.25 minimrum ments were proposed to 4 existing laws. Ar fully associated the States and the people hourly rate, with overtime required at time kansas, Colorado, and Oregon have passed as the reservoirs of governmental power. By and one-half for hours in excess of a 8 a day equal-pay laws this year for the first time, placing primary emphasis on the discharge or 40 a week. bringing to 17 the number of States and of their responsibilities the State govern Many bills relating to temporary disabil Territories with such acts. Eighteen States ments are showing that they were correct ity insurance ·have been introduced in State introduced amendments to other labor laws .when they insist.ed they could and would legislatures. Most of these are proposed for women, such as regulation of hours of use this power wisely. amendments to the four existing laws (Cali work and provision for meal and rest pe The Eisenhower administration is devoted fornia, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island). riods. In general these amendments would to progress for working people. We believe In eight other States, the bills would create add flexibility to existing laws. that the Federal Government is not the sole new temporary disability insurance pro Maryland, Nevada, and Hawaii have adopt source of the facilities and know-how for grams, most frequently coordinated with the ed new industrial safety laws which would promoting the welfare of workers. Labor, State unemployment insurance program. In strengthen the States' accident prevention management, and State and local govern his state of the Union message, President ments are also willing and able to help im Eisenhower called for the enactment of a programs. The Maryland law trahsfers the prove the well-being of working men and temporary disability insurance law in the safety activities, formerly spread among sev women. With the encouragement of Presi District of Columbia. eral departments, to a safety division in the dent Eisenhower and his administration, Migratory farmworkers would be affected department of labor and industry. Nevada labor, management, and the State and local by bills introduced in 20 State legislatures created a new industrial safety department governments are assuming their responsibil this year- relating to labor standards for in the industrial commission; the act pro- ities in this area and are doing a good job.
THE JOURNAL beginning .today and during the re SENATE On request of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas, mainder of the week in order to con duct official meetings on behalf of the MONDAY, MAY 9, 1955 .and by unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.