IBM Certification Study Guide AIX Performance and System Tuning
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IBM Certification Study Guide AIX Performance and System Tuning Developed specifically for the purpose of preparing for AIX certification Makes an excellent companion to classroom education For experienced AIX professionals Thomas C. Cederlöf André de Klerk Thomas Herlin Tomasz Ostaszewski ibm.com/redbooks SG24-6184-00 International Technical Support Organization IBM Certification Study Guide AIX Performance and System Tuning December 2000 Take Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in Appendix D, “Special notices” on page 265. First Edition (December 2000) This edition applies to AIX Version 4.3 (5765-C34) and subsequent releases running on an RS/6000 or pSeries server. Comments may be addressed to: IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Dept. JN9B Building 003 Internal Zip 2834 11400 Burnet Road Austin, Texas 78758-3493 When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2000. All rights reserved. Note to U.S Government Users – Documentation related to restricted rights – Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Figures....................................................ix Tables.....................................................xi Preface...................................................xiii The team that wrote this redbook. ..................................xiv Commentswelcome.............................................xv Chapter 1. Certification overview ..............................1 1.1 IBM Certified Advanced Technical Expert - RS/6000 AIX ...........1 1.1.1 Required prerequisite ..................................1 1.1.2 Recommended prerequisite . ............................1 1.1.3Registrationforthecertificationexam......................1 1.1.4 Core requirement (select three of the following tests) ..........2 1.2 Certification education courses . ...........................16 1.3EducationonCD-ROM:IBMAIXEssentials....................17 Chapter 2. Performance tuning - getting started .................19 2.1 Introduction to concepts . .................................19 2.2CPUperformanceoverview................................21 2.3Memoryperformanceoverview..............................27 2.4DiskI/Operformanceoverview..............................35 2.5Networkperformanceoverview.............................42 2.6Summary..............................................45 2.7Quiz..................................................46 2.7.1Answers...........................................46 Chapter 3. CPU and memory performance monitoring tools........47 3.1Thesarcommand.......................................47 3.1.1Examplesofusingthesarcommand.....................47 3.1.2Thesarcommandsummary............................51 3.1.3Thesadccommand..................................59 3.1.4 The sa1 and sa2 commands. ...........................59 3.2Thevmstatcommand.....................................60 3.3Thepscommand........................................68 3.3.1UseofthepscommandinaCPUusagestudy..............69 3.3.2Useofthepscommandinamemoryusagestudy...........71 3.4Thetprofcommand......................................73 3.4.1 Using the tprof general report ...........................74 3.4.2Usingtprofonaprogram..............................76 3.5Thesvmoncommand.....................................77 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2000 iii 3.5.1 The svmon global report ...............................77 3.5.2 The svmon user report................................80 3.5.3 The svmon process report . ...........................83 3.5.4 The svmon segment report . ...........................85 3.5.5 The svmon detailed segment report ......................88 3.5.6 The svmon command report . ...........................90 3.5.7 The svmon Workload Manager class report ................92 3.5.8Thesvmoncommandflags.............................94 3.6 The topas command......................................97 3.7Theemstatcommand....................................100 3.8Quiz.................................................102 3.8.1Answers..........................................106 3.9Exercises.............................................106 Chapter 4. Disk I/O performance monitoring tools...............109 4.1Overview.............................................109 4.2Theiostatcommand.....................................110 4.2.1HistoricaldiskI/O...................................112 4.2.2 TTY and CPU utilization report .........................113 4.2.3TheiostatcommandonSMPsystems...................115 4.2.4 Disk utilization report ................................115 4.3Thelockstatcommand...................................117 4.4 LVM performance analysis using lslv . .....................120 4.4.1 Logical volume attributes . ..........................120 4.4.2 Logical volume fragmentation ..........................124 4.4.3 Logical volume allocation . ..........................125 4.4.4 Highest LVM performance . ..........................127 4.5LVMandfilesystemmonitoring............................127 4.5.1Thefilemoncommand...............................127 4.5.2 Report analysis.....................................129 4.5.3 Typical AIX system behavior. ..........................135 4.6Filesystemperformance.................................136 4.6.1 AIX file system organization . ..........................136 4.6.2Thefileplacecommand...............................137 4.6.3Filesystemde-fragmentation..........................140 4.7 General recommendations on I/O performance . ...............140 4.8 Overhead of using performance tools. .....................142 4.9Commandsummary.....................................143 4.9.1Thefilemoncommand...............................143 4.9.2Thefileplacecommand...............................144 4.9.3Thelslvcommand..................................144 4.10Quiz................................................145 4.10.1Answers.........................................149 iv IBM Certification Study Guide AIX Performance and System Tuning 4.11Exercises............................................149 Chapter 5. Network performance tools ........................151 5.1Overview.............................................151 5.2 Adapter transmit and receive queue tuning ...................153 5.3Protocolstuning........................................155 5.4Networkperformancemonitoringtools.......................157 5.4.1Thevmstatcommand................................157 5.4.2Thepingcommand..................................158 5.4.3Thetraceroutecommand.............................158 5.4.4Thenetstatcommand................................158 5.4.5Thenetpmoncommand..............................161 5.4.6 The tcpdump and iptrace commands ....................163 5.5 Network performance management tools .....................165 5.6Nameresolution........................................167 5.7NFSperformancetuning.................................167 5.7.1NFSserver-sideperformance..........................167 5.7.2NFSclient-sideperformance..........................170 5.7.3 Mount options. .....................................170 5.8Commandsummary.....................................171 5.8.1Thenetstatcommand................................171 5.8.2 The tcpdump command ..............................172 5.8.3Theiptracecommand................................173 5.8.4 The ipreport command ...............................173 5.9Quiz.................................................173 5.9.1Answers..........................................176 5.10Exercises............................................176 Chapter 6. Performance management tools ....................177 6.1 The AIX scheduler . .....................................177 6.1.1PrioritycalculationonAIXversionspriorto4.3.2...........179 6.1.2PrioritycalculationonAIXVersion4.3.2andlater..........182 6.2 Multiple run queues with load balancing in AIX Version 4.3.3 . ....184 6.2.1Initialloadbalancing.................................185 6.2.2Idleloadbalancing..................................185 6.2.3 Frequent periodic load balancing . .....................186 6.2.4 Infrequent periodic load balancing . .....................186 6.3 Scheduler performance management . .....................186 6.3.1 The schedtune command . ..........................186 6.3.2 The nice and renice commands . .....................189 6.4 The bindprocessor command ..............................192 6.5Thevmtunecommand...................................193 6.6 Workload Manager . .....................................198 v 6.7Quiz.................................................199 6.7.1Answers..........................................200 6.8Exercise..............................................200 Chapter 7. Performance scenario walkthroughs ................201 7.1 CPU performance scenario ...............................201 7.1.1Datacollection.....................................201 7.1.2 Data analysis . .....................................202 7.1.3 Recommendation . ................................203 7.2 I/O performance scenario . ................................204 7.2.1Datacollection.....................................204 7.2.2 Data analysis . .....................................206 7.2.3 Recommendation . ................................207 7.3 Additional I/O