5140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS DAN MUNDY, NEW LEGISLATIVE DI "I regret that I won't be here for the Brezhnev is believed to have urged better re November election. In this election, I expect lations with the United States, and that a RECTOR FOR BUILDING AND CON to see labor-backed candidates swept into more normal Washington relationship might STRUCTION TRADES DEPART office-I hate to miss it." not only end the economic embargo of the MENT, AFL-CIO Mundy said that he hopes to be a com Organization of American States, but might municative link with those elected officials advance detente between Moscow and Wash once they take office in Washington, D.C. He ington. HON. GEORGE E. DANIELSON wants to be a very active force for working Detente with Castro's Cuba should be very OF CALll'ORNIA men and women in the nation's capitol. cautiously examined. The Soviets will never want to relinquish her toe-hold on these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shores, and she may want us for now, simply Monday, March 4, 1974 to support her satellite and tenderly nurse her back to prosperity. We must not forget Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, I am CASTRO'S CUBA that communist Cuba's heart belongs to compelled to note that Dan Mundy, an Daddy Brezhnev. old friend, valuable adviser, and a fine HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. young man from my area has recently OF VIRGINIA been named to an important post as leg islative director of the building and con IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES SELF-HELP PREVENTIVE MEDICINE struction trades department of the AFL Monday, March 4, 1974 CIO here in Washington, D.C. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi H.ON. CHARLES THONE By way of introduction of Mr. Mundy dent, the February 16 edition of the to my colleagues, who will certainly be Alexandria, Va., Gazette included a OF NEBRASKA hearing more of him in the future, I am thoughtful editorial about relationships IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inserting an article from the Los An between the United States and Cuba. Monday, March 4, 1974 geles Citizen, February 22, 1974, at this It is believed that during his recent Mr. THONE. Mr. Speaker, America's point in the RECORD: visit to Cuba, Soviet Premier Brezhnev [From the Los Angeles Citizen, Feb. 22, 1974] greatest resource for better health would recommended to Cuban Premier Castro be a public with better health education. MUNDY NEW BCT LEGISLATIVE CHIEF that relations between Cuba and the One of the pioneers in innovative health Dan Mundy, who has served as associate United States be improved. education is Dr. Keith W. Sehnert. He director of Los Angeles County COPE since This position on the part of the Rus 1969, is leaving his assignment of the Build is a native of Nebraska and has practiced sian leader may well be a bid for Amer medicine in York and Lincoln, Nebr. His ing and Construction Trades Department of ican trade and aid for Moscow's perenni the AFL-CIO in Washington, D.C. present leadership in health education Mundy's labor career began when he joined ally poor satellite. The editorial suggests, at Georgetown University in Washing Local 230, of. the Plumbers and Pipefitters, in and I agree, that detente with Castro's ton has been highlighted by Parade Mag San Diego, as an apprentice. Cuba should be approached with great azine. I call attention of my colleagues Following a tour of dµty in the U.S. Navy caution. to this article and ihave it reprinted in in the South Pacific, Mundy joined 289, Pasa I ask unanimous consent that the edi the RECORD at this point: dena, where he turned out as a journeyman torial, "Castro's Cuba" be printed in the plumbe1·. Extensions of Remarks. A NEW TEACHING PROGRAM: How To BE YOUR In 1947, Mundy joined Local 78, Los An OWN DoCTOR-SOMETIMES There being no objection, this editorial (By Arlene and Howard Eisenberg) geles. He later became recording secretary was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, of the local, and served as business agent "The mother who always wanted her son and assistant business manager. In 1965, he as follows: CASTRO'S CUBA to grow up and be a doctor can, in a sense, became business representative with the be one herself-that is if she lives in the Building Trades Council and, in 1969, took In his recent public stance, Leonid I. Reston, Va.-Washington, D.C., area. on his present job of COPE associate director. Brezhnev twice revealed the real purpose of How? By joining a course in "self-help Mundy served as a vice president of the of his visit to Cuba. Briefl.y, it ls that Cuba preventive medicine,'' the first of its kind in Los Angeles County Federation of Labor for ls too expensive a luxury for the Soviet Union the United States, being sponsored by eight years. He also was President of the to carry indefinitely and one way that would Georgetown University's Department of Board of Publishers of the Los Angeles Citi help both the Soviet Union and the island Community Medicine and International zen. republic would be for Fidel Castro to find his Health and Georgetown University Commu Mundy, who is a graduate of Mark Keppel place in the detente with the United States. nity Health Plan. The nine physicians, in High School in Alhambra and attended the Brezhnev's first omen was his cordial greet cluding department Chairman Robert R. UCLA labor studies program, has long been ing cabled to President Nixon-"Flying close Huntley, who teach it encour~e patients to active in political affairs throughout Los to the shores o:f the United States"-on his save money and doctors' time by attending Angeles County. way to Havana. He could have been only as to minor probleIUS themselves, or, as project He ran for the 50th Assembly District tn suring the President he had no inimical ob pioneer, Dr. Keith W. Sehnert, puts it, be the eastern part of Los Angeles County dur ject in his trip, as his predecessor Khru come "activated patients." ing the pivotal 1962 election. Although his shchev did when he was installing missiles None of the first 60 or so graduates ex candidacy was unsuccessful, Mundy was en on the island. That caused the economic pects to be doing open-heart surgery in the dorsed by COPE and was among the strongest embargo, which ls why the Soviet Union has near future. But all have become expert in labor candidates participating in the elec been subsidizing Cuba at an estimated $1.5 the use of their own stethoscopes, and are tion which saw President Nixon's attempt to million a day. equipped with otoscopes to check reddened become governor of California turned back. His next omen was a caution to Castro and eardrums and -wax-filled canals. They have Prior to this try for omce, Mundy was the immense crowd brought to welcome him medical texts and notebooks as well, and elected a member of the Los Angeles County 1n Havana. For 75 minutes Castro held forth have developed the self-confidence to handle Democratic Central Committee in 1955 and in a florid speech in which he contrasted the minor emergencies without help and major served for two terms. relationship of Socialist Cuba and the Soviet ones without panic. Currently he is a member of the State Union to the colony Spain ruled and the later REVIVAL 011' AN IDEA Democratic Central Committee, an appointee "Yankee neo-colony." Brezhnev then pledged of San Fernando Valley Assemblyman Jim that "Revolutionary Cuba has never been Mrs. Barbara Runge ls saving hundreds Keysor. and wlll never be alone." of dollars a year administering weekly allergy Mundy said that his stay with County Then, Brezhnev said that the capitalist sys shots to her three children. And Dr. Sehnert COPE has been a gratifying period in his life. tems and Soviet systems could co-exist peace believes that Mrs. Pat Hunter may have A native of Los Angeles, his assignment 1n fully. He said such countries as France, the spared her 15-year-old daughter Gwen seri Washington will be the first time he has United States, and the Soviet Union had suc ous rheumatic fever heart damage when, try worked outside the Southern California. area. ceeded in living tn peace in the nuclear age. ing out her new stethoscope on the girl, she "I have seen COPE's program come to :frui The implication was clear and unmistakable. discovered a too rapid heart beat and alerted tion in the past several years to the point Brezhnev conferred privately with Premier her physician to what proved to be a previ where a COPE endorsement can usually mean Castro, President Osvaldo Dorticos Torrado, ously undiagnosed strep throat. the difference between success and failure in and the Armed Services Minister Raul Castro, Dr. Sehnert would be the last to claim that a political campaign," Mundy said. the Premier's brother. In those conferences, he has come up with a brand-new idea in March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5141 patient ca.re. The tall, friendly, 47-year-old Declared one woman: "Doctors respect you This ls an immense, untapped health man family practitioner refers anyone who thinks more-like when I was asked at the hospital power resource-particularly if we put some that to hls copy of Everyman His Own Doctor; what surgery had been done on my son, and really meaningful health education and first or the Poor Planter's Physician, published by I tic· :ed off all of it, using all the right aid courses in school curricula. Unless lay a Dr. John Tennent in 1734. The book offers scientific terms." men can be trained to deal with early sym "plain and easy means for persons to cure Relatives, too, are impressed. Smiles an tomology-and many ailments require no themselves of all, or most of the distempers other: "When my mother visits me, she has more than for a citizen of ordinary intelli incident to this climate, and with very lit a habit of working in the garc:.en. Once the gence to do some very ordinary things-we11 tle charge." gnats really got to her, and she started com never have enough physicians." Explains Dr. Sehnert: "A combination of plaining a.bout her neck hurting. I felt it Part of the answer surely lies in programs things convinced me of the need for patient and explained that her lymph glands were Uke Georgetown's. Writing in a medical jour education. I guess the triggering incident swollen-probably from an allergic reaction nal, internist Richard Bates, applauding the was a visit by Mrs. Laura Roehrs, a Nebraska to insect bites. When she went home, it was experiment in health education, says "70 nurse I hadn't treated for 20 years. who still bothering her, so she went to her doctor. percent of what we do in my ofilce could be asked, 'Are you still a doctor-teacher?' When That night she called: 'You know, I just paid taught to laymen, to do to themselves or I looked puzzled, she reminded me that I'd the doctor $10 for what you told me for each other." Georgetown doesn't go that seen her for a heart irregularity. 'You spent nothing.'" far--Sehnert conservatively estimates 10 to 15 minutes explaining the problem to me,' Dr. Sehnert is aware that "a little knowl 15 percent. she said. For the first time in my are, I edge is a dangerous thing.'' What is taught More than 50 health care organizations, understood how fatigue and tensions were is taught carefully, and students recognize medical schools and government groups making this happen, and then, with th,• their limitations. "Our medical knowledge," have requested course guides from Dr. fear gone, I was able to get hold of myself.' " says one, "is really just a thimbleful. But Sehnert. The Mountain Regional Medical About that time, Dr. John Renner at the the understanding you get of how the body Program ls interested in dupllcating the pro Herndon (Va.) Medical Center, who'd been works give you so much more confidence gram statewide in under-doctored Wyoming. about to begin a patient education course, that you can face a medical problem calmly.'' C 1orgetown Medical School has set up a accepted a post elsewhere and asked Sehnert This is true of chronic problems, like that course to teach medical students to teach if he'd take over the fledgling program. Seh of the woman whose son has a congenital kid thetr future patients. Johns Hopkins Medi nert wrote a core curriculum, and was off ney d11ficulty. It's like living with a loaded cal School is setting up a family health edu and running. gun pointed at your head," she says, "and cation unit. And, independently, the na The course itself consists of 17 weekly I used to panic whenever he threw up. Now tion's largest private dispenser of health care, evening sessions of two hours each, coots I know that I only have to worrk if it's ac Kaiser-Permanente, has begun a sophisti $85 or, for those who can't afford it, a E>Ub companied by a spiking fever.'' cated patient education program of its own, sidized fee of $25. It includes films, demon "IT SAVES THEM MONEY" with everything from audiovisual tapes and strations, discussions and question-and-an There are benefits for physicians, too. "For films to a health museum. In addition, hav swer periods, all in a relaxed roundtable at the busy doctor,'' says Dr. Sehnert, "there's ing sent an observer to the Georgetown mosphere, and buttressed by outside reading nothing worse than the patient who calls and course, the Army's Ofilce of the Surgeon Gen assignments. The first class, held in 1970, says, 'I ache all over.' Or, 'I feel so sick.' Our eral ls considering teaching dependent wives accepted 40 students, but that proved too students know how take vital signs-pulse, to handle minor medical problems in order large for individual attention, and subse respiration, temperature-and to report rele to help cut the queues at military clinics, quent groups have been held to 25. Most vant observations like inflamed throats or where, with the end of the doctor draft, students are housewives, but several men eardrums, so their phone calls really mean physicians may be in ever shorter supply. have completed the course, including a lively something. We know 1f they need to come "DOCERE," TO TEACH gentleman in his 60's who enrolled so he in or not, and can even prescribe on the Such courses, Sehnert says, are not for could "take care of myself." The only ad - phone. It saves them money, and it saves us everybody. Some people like being passive vertising, other than a simple announce time.'' patients-they want everything medical done ment postcard sent out to Reston-George There is a rising tide of consumerism in for them. But patients who want to be town Medical Center patients, is word-of America, and interest in the Georgetown activated will, he believes, have increasing mouth. course is part of that tide. Says one student: opportunities available to them. "What! see LATE NIGHT CALL "This is a mobile society. You move to a new happening as we widen our control of dis· "I mentioned to a neighbor that I was tak town and start with a new doctor. Even 1f ease," he says, "ls that education to stab111ze ing the course," recalls Mrs. Cindy Billings, you get your files from the last doctor, there and maintain health will become part of a mother of two, "and then late one night may be information missing. You should our lives. Doctors will teach classes, say, one she called me in a panic about a fever her know exactly what medications you take. day a week, and be paid for prevention, child was running. I gave her advice on what Sa.me thing if you take a trip and get sick. instead of just for cure. That will be most to look for and do, and told her that it seem You need to be able to explain your own fitting, too, since the word doctor comes ed to me that if it didn't get worse, she medical history accurately." from the Latin clocere, meaning to teach.'' could wait until morning to phone the doc "KNOWING WHAT TO EXPECT" That will be just fine with patients like tor. Next· morning she told me how grate Says Mrs. Pat Hunter: "If the doctor takes Cindy Billings. "Educate a mother," she ful she was, and now she's waiting to take time to show you what the problem is, you're says, "and you educate a generation." That the course." not half as scared of the remedy. The big next generation ls already benefiting from The accent is on preventive medicine, but fear is not knowing what to expect. In our the Georgetown program. Recently, Mrs. what to do in emergencies-mouth-to courses, they don·t treat us like dummies. If Billings took her 3-year-old to the health mouth resuscitation, broken limbs, burns we have a question, the doctor brings out a center. The first thing he said to their family is not neglected. Students learn to look into couple of X-rays. He'll say, 'That is what physician was, "Doctor, please look in my a sick child's nostrils and mouth and rec it looks like. This ls what it should look like.' ear with the otoscope." ognize whether the problem is a cold, flu, or This medical mystery stuff has got to go. an allergic reaction, from the color of the People Sire tired of being kept in the dark mucous membranes. They learn warning about their own health and bodies, and get signs of an oncoming coronary, and why you ting condescending answers like, 'You don't gargle with salt water for a sore throat. need to know that, dear'." AN AUDIT PROGRAM IN PERU They're informed of shelf life of common These steps can only be to the good. Health medications-how long aspirin maintains its education has long been a national disaster potency (for years), label expiration dates, area. In high school, where it could lay the HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE how excessive moisture in a refrigerator groundwork for better, healthier lifetimes, it OF GEORGIA spoils many medications, and the wisdom <'f is too often a joke-a "Mickey Mouse" course asking a physician to prescribe money-sav reluctantly taught by the football coach or IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ing generic drugs where possible. Students a gym teacher, while the kids pass notes, Monday, March 4, 1974 a.re taught to use the sphygmomanometer to snicker, and do homework for other classes. check blood pressure, and in the program at Only e. few states currently require certifi Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, an the Northeast-Georgetown Medical Center in cation for health education teachers. audit program in Peru, assisted by the Washington D.C., where there are more hy · "AN IMMENSE RESOURCE"' U.S. Agency for International Develop pertension-prone blacks, they are permitted Yet, as the iconoclastic health economist ment, is serving as a model for other to take the expensive equipment home to and author, Prof. Ell Glnzberg of Columbia check friends and family members. Latin Americar.. countries in an effort to University, has said, "Progralnming the improve the effectiveness and efficiency GETTING RESPECT American people to do much more about of their governmental accounting and Student "doctors" feel they've derived im their own health would be a lot more eco EOrtant benefits from their medical "activa nomical and effective in easing the demands auditing systems. tion." on physicians than producing more of them. Playing a leading role in this project
l -- - 5142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974 is James P. Wesberry, Jr., of the Institute the importance of this increasing area of and helpers were accepted with a university of Public Administration of New York, public activity. A further General Directorate degree only and some students in their final was established to audit local and regional yea.rs were approved. , under contract to AID. Mr. Wesberry is a governments. A massive staff training program first con certified public accountant and manage Each General Directorate of Control was centrated on existing professional audit staff ment eonsultant from Atlanta, Ga., and staffed with professional audit personnel as members, then was extended to new per also served three terms in the Georgia well as lawyers and engineers permitting it sonnel and finally included, at the request State Senate. to function as a fully responsive audit agency of various ministers, internal audit.ors from There appeared in the January issue within its sphere of control. a number of governmental agencies. This of the International Journal of Govern The other major reorganization reform program during 1971 provided four basio ment Auditing an article by Mr. Wes consisted of the establishment of a new arm one-month courses for 277 students in the of research and development, the General fundamentals of government accounting and berry on reorganization of the Govern Directorate of Systems. Standards and Proce auditing. ment of Peru's audit agencies, where he dures. Within this branch are included the During early 1972 two more advanced has been acting as a consultant to the following newly established oftices: training courses were given to 96 of the Peruvian comptroller general. Organization and Methods--responsible senior professional staff. A course in the I bring this article to the attention of for improvement of administrative support audit of public enterprise emphasized the the Senate and ask unanimous consent systems, evaluation of efticiency, and draft practical aspects of auditing the various new that it be printed in the Extensions of ing of administrative manuals. state-owned corporations. The second course Research, Development and Planning-re included the accounting, legal and auditing Remarks. sponsible for the development of technical aspects of · financial operations including There being no objection, the article standards of internal control and auditing, banking, customs and tax operations. Tweny was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, research and development in the area of gov one subsequent courses have been offered as follows: ernmental control and auditing, drafting of to date. DRAMATIC REFORM OF PERUVIAN COMPTROLLER auditing manuals and uniform audit pro International organization support of staff grams and internal control questionnaires, training included a symposium offered by GENERAL'S OFFICE the Inter-American Development Bank on (By James P. Wesberry, Jr.) and coordination of general planning. Control of EDP Systems-responsible for auditing of international loans which was Prior to 1971 the Comptroller General's Of developing technical standards in this area, given to 23 auditors and the signing of a fice of the Republic of Peru was a somewhat training and assisting auditors in the area series of three annual contracts for programs obscure agency maintaining a passive atti of EDP auditing and evaluating existing and of technical assistance with the United tude toward the irregularities and inef proposed EDP systems. States Agency for International Development totall1ng US $124,000 in scholarships for on ficiencies of an ever growing bureaucracy. Statistics and Evaluations--responsible for The appointment of Oscar Vargas Prieto. the-job training, provision for short term in monitoring and evaluating the results of the structors, training materials, course develop Brigadier General of the Peruvian Army, as various control activities carried out. Comptroller General in January 1971 sig ment, etc. Special courses in English lan Engineering Coordination-responsible for guage training were offered to outstanding nalled the rebirth of the National Audit the coordination of the activities of the engi Agency as a dynamic force in the efforts of auditors to prepare them for scholarships. neers who form part of audit teams when Two auditors were sent to the office of the Peru's revolutionary military government to necessary as well as for establishing construc Governmental auditing standards appl1ca- State Comptroller of New York for a one tion and maintenance standards and prepar year program of on-the-job training in 1972- 1mprove and revitalize public adminl5tration ing special reports. in the country. In · January 1973 Brigadier 73. They worked as regular audit staff mem The regulations set forth the duties and bers and participated in the staff training General Gulllermo Schroth Carlin succeeded functions of the various organizational units General Vargas as Comptroller General con program of that oftice. established and provide minimum requisites Four top level audit executives were sent tinuing the dramatic reform and reorganiza for the chiefs or directors in charge of each tion initiated by him. to United States universities for specialized unit. High professional qualifications are set training in 1973-74. In addition the us.Am New legal provisions were approved in forth for the six Directors General. cluding the Organic Law of the National program furnished a technical advisor in gov System of Control, the oftice was completely TECHNICAL STANDARDS OF CON'rROL ernmental auditing from the Institute of · reorganized, and professional development To provide guidelines for the establish Public Administration of New York for a and training programmes were initiated to ment of the National System of Control a period of four years, furnished an offset press strengthen the quality of government audits total of 138 technical standards have been for printing training materials, supported. and other functions related to control of the prescribed thus far covering two major areas: Peruvian participation in international con public sector. Internal Control and Auditing. The 95 in gresses and seminars and the interchange of The new Organic Law of the National Sys ternal control standards specify minimum one top official with the Office of the Comp tem of Control and its Regulations have re requirements for the maintenance of sound troller General of Venezuela for one month. ceived world-wide acclaim as the most systems of internal control within the vari It also financed the first course in opera modern and far-reaching examples of legis ous government agencies. The 43 technical tional auditing given in Latin America by the lation for a Supreme Audit Institution in a standards of auditing provide guidelines for U.S. Interagency Auditor Training Center developing country. They are especially note internal auditors, members of the Comptrol employing simultaneous translation and the worthy in that the "national system" estab ler General's staff and representatives of development of the Spanish language course lishes the relationship within its framework private auditing firms designated by that in applied operational auditing by a retired oftice to perform audits of public agencies. official of the United States Comptroller Gen not only of the Comptroller General's Of eral's Oftice. fice but also of audits made by internal audit They include the ten "generally accepted units of the various governmental agencies auditing standards" of the public account Closely related to the training efforts was as well as those made of such agencies by in ing profession as well as "funda.mental" the establishment through the USAID pro dependent public accounting firms. Internal provisions promulgated by the Office of the gram of the new technical library of the auditing is considered to be an indispensable Comptroller General. The two groups of Comptroller General's omce which now in pa.rt of the system. standards thus permit the evaluation of both cludes over 4,000 books and other publica internal and external control. Accompany tions in the fields of accounting, auditing ble to all types of governmental audits are and public adm1n1stration. required to be prescribed by the Supreme ing each standard is a commentary which Audit Institution. Considerable emphasis is explains its application and scope. An integral part of the program of pro fessional staff upgrading was the "across the placed by the system upon the establishment STAFF SELECTION AND TRAINING of sound internal control as the responsi board" increase of salaries to end the con A high priority was placed by the Comp tinual loss of top auditors to other public b111ty of each agency head as an integral troller General on the selection and profes component of the system. and private entities which were paying sional training of the audit staff. The audit higher salaries. By the end of 1971 the aver The law specifically authorizes operational staff was increased to approximately 270 age starting salary for an auditor had been audits of human, material and financial re from less than 100 at the beginning of 1971, increased by 53 percent. In addition, a num sources applied by public agencies. achieving the ratio of 75% professional au ber of merit increases and promotions were REORGANIZATION HIGHLIGHTS ditors to 25% administrative support per made. .This helped immeasurably in attract Reorganization was accomplished over a sonnel-a complete reversal of the ratio ing better qua.lifted new personnel as well as period of several months. The line functions which had been in effect prior to 1971. This overcoming the continual loss of good pro were upgraded from "audit oftices" to "Gen conversion necessitated taking on many new fessionals which had plagued the Comptroller eral Directorates of Control" and those re employees who were selected from among General's Oftice for many years. sponsible for the control of the general gov nearly 1,000 applicants who participated in A massive public employee training pro ernment were established according to the competitive entrance examinations for posi gram in budgeting, accounting and control primary categories of sectors. The Financial tions as auditors, assistants and audit help was also carried. out in 1972 and consisted of Sector, Economic Sectors and General and ers. Minimum requirements for auditors in an intensive one-week course in the three Social Service Sectors. An important new cluded a professional title as a. public ac topics by five teams of three instructors, each General Directorate was established for the countant, a bachelor's degree in accounting in 27 different cities throughout the country control of public enterprises thus recognizing and practical experience. Audit assistants outside the Lima area. A special text book March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5143 was prepared in three sections and marked tlvities. Operation CONTALDI-ARQ (an ac comprising 17 Latin American supreme the first time that a specific text was pre ronym for accounting up-to-date and sur Audit Institutions has been given new im pared for a course of this type in Peru. prise ca.sh counts) was conducted at mid-year petus under the Peruvian Comptroller Gen Other features of the course were the use of consisting of special examinations, made on eral's leadership having to date initiated visual aids illustrating good internal control, a surprise basis of 1,413 public entities out training programs including a course 1n cost practical ca.se studies and a concluding side Lima and employing the entire audit accounting offered for the Bolivian Institute examination. The course reached 7,000 public stair in surprise cash counts, determination of Public Administration in La Paz and has employees having admin1strative and finan of adequacy and timeliness of accounting rec given technical assistance to the Offices of cial i:esponsibllities and was the largest single ords and reports and brief evaluations of the Comptrollers General of Bolivia and effort in public administrative training ever systems of internal control. Over U.S. $1,600,- Ecuador at their request. In addition it pub undertaken in Peru. 000 in idle cash funds were returned to the lishes a monthly technical news bulletin SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT AUDITING public treasury as a result of this operation. and has published several technical docu Ninety-seven public agencies were penalized ments dealing with governmental auditing. The School of Government Auditing was for grave deficiencies and 22 agencies were formally established in 1972 to administer Plans call for considerably expanded opera all future training courses. It is also re scheduled for audit due to irregularities. It tions if international organlza.tion technical was determined that the most poorly admin assistance is forthcoming. sponsible for the operation of the library, istered public entities from the financial the program of professional research and development, conferences, seminars, work viewpoint were municipa.llties, public wel shops and the publication of a quarterly fare agencies and universities. The primary benefit of this massive control operation was BEYOND THE ENERGY CRISIS professional Journal, Peru Control, dis to make the entire Peruvian public admin tributed to the audit stair and internal audi istration aware that the Office of the Comp tors throughout government service. troller General was now taking aggressive ac The School gives basic training courses in HON. DICK SHOUP financial and operational auditing as well as tion. specific and advanced courses on internal "Operation Lima" was initiated in October OF MONTANA of 1971 and consisted of general audits of se IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES control, bank auditing, audit of EDP sys lected major ministries, banks and public en tems, writing audit reports, advanced audit Monday, March 4, 1974 techniques, investigatory audit techniques terprises in Lima. These likewise resulted in numerous findings of irregularities and cor Mr. SHOUP. Mr. Speaker, today we are and so forth. rective actions were initiated. over U.S. $250,- A full-time director, chief of academic caught up in an energy crisis and quite studies and secretary were appointed; how 000 was returned to the public treasury as a result. properly it is receiving a major portion ever, the professors and the School consist The impact of these two massive opera of our time and attention. One of the of outstanding auditors of the Office of the tions of control on the Peruvian public ad most frequently heard questions is, "How Comptroller General who contribute their ministration has been considered with nota did we ever get into this situation?" If practical experience for specific courses. A ble improvements being made even by agen special course for instructors prepared 22 we are only looking for a. convient place cies not yet subjected to audit action. to fix the blame, there are plenty of can audit supervisors to serve as professors in Other public funds returned to the treas the school. Specially invited instructors also ury as a result of normal audits totaled over didates available, but I would submit that give valued assistance occasionally. U.S. $175,000 bringing the total recouped in it is far more important that we heed the Through 1973 the school had trained 1,100 1971 to over U.S. $2,025,000. lesson of fuel crisis and allow it to in governmental auditors from all levels of As a result of 102 audits for special exam struct us in acting to prevent other and government in 27 training courses totaling inations during 1972, a total of 84 final de more serious crises from besetting us in 84,349 student/hours of training. Included cisions involving :financial responsibllities of the future. were 27 students from Supreme Audit In accountable officials provided for recoupment stitutions of six other La.tin American coun In this regard we must now recognize of U.S. $313,401 in public funds. Administra and come to grips with the rapidly grow tries invited in collaboration with the Latin tive responsibility or penalties were estab American Institute of Auditing Sciences. lished for 487 publlc servants as a result of ing American dependence on foreign Of particular interest is the course in ap sources for the minerals needed to keep plied operational auditing which presents a audit findings. As an illustration of the support given to our industrial complex operating. U.S. practical case study of the audit of a fic News & World Report of February 4, titious governmental agency from the ini the Office of the Comptroller General by the tiation of the audit through the writing of Council of Ministers, the authorized expendi 1947, carried an article which identified the audit report. The text materials for this tures of this office were increased by 56 % 1n the level of dependency for a number of course consist of 28 chapters of auditing 1971 over 1970 and a further increase of 27% minerals. For example: In 1972 the manuals of the United States Comptroller was approved for 1972. These increases pri United States imported 92 percent of the marily include salary raises for existing em Genera.l's Office tra.nsla.ted into Spanish. ployees, additions of new professional stair cobalt we used; 91 percent of the chro OTHER REFORMS AND ACTIONS members and costs of rental and operation mium we used; 75 percent of the tin we One of the first steps taken at the start of a new building. used; 26 percent of the iron ore; and 9 of the reform program was the writing for Special working groups named by the percent of the copper we used. A cutoff the first time of the broad operative proce Comptroller General have performed a num or serious reduction in the supply of any dures and rules of the agency. This included ber of important research studies which will of these could have far-reaching conse a number of provisions for upgrading the be incorporated into the Auditing Manual quences for our whole economy. qua.llty of government audits and these were of the Office of the Comptroller General pres Further expl~tion of this situation later incorporated into the permanent reg ently being drafted. These include the fol ulations and the technical standards of con lowing: appeared in Sea Power, February 1974. I trol. (a) Development of a uniform method of would like to off er a few brief excerpts A major reform was the abolition of the indexing and crossreferencing audit work from the article in that issue by Law Superior Court of Accounts which had been ing papers and uniform audit tick marks. rence Griswold. a prime bottleneck in the process of fiscal (b) Development of a standard internal But while it is true that the United States control for many yea.rs as it created a legal control questionnaire. can manage a frill-less economy for a stead process within the audit proqess which some (c) Development of a uniform audit-pro ily-diminishing number of years without im times delayed publication of audit reports gram. ported petroleum, the same is not true for tor four to five yea.rs. Major efforts were made (d) Study of the preparation of official some 68 other raw materials, including 30 toward clearing out all pending audit reports audit findings of irregularities. listed as "crucial" whlch must be imported which had been caught up in this process. ( e) Study of the detailed process involved in whole or ln part. Of the total, there are While ample legal provision had existed in the establishment of individual a.ccount 15 entirely absent from the national subsoil since 1964 for penalties to public servants abllity for irregularities and the application on which numerous essential U.S. industries negligent in their duties, these provisions of disciplinary measures. • are 100 per cent dependent. It supplies of had never been effectively applied before (f) Provisions for the designation of pri these were lacking, the passing discomforts 1971. Beginning in that year many penalties vate auditing firms to conduct examinations caused by a petroleum shortage would seem were ordered thus initiating a real effort to of governmental agencies where considered somewhat less than pinpricks. improve public financial administration, necessary. Altogether, the security of the United bring accounting records up to date and States depends in large part on the con establish the necessary discipline in the INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION tinuous a.va.ilabUity of more than thirty :financial management of public entities. Because of the great strides ma.de by Peru's crucial minerals a.vallable only or primarily Penalties were applied at all levels of public Supreme Audit Institution in lts reform and from foreign sources. servants including accountants, mayors and reorganization the site of the Latin Ameri Directors General. can Institute of Auditing Sciences (ILACIF) The article by Mr. Griswold cites from Two major control actions were under was transferred to Lima in late 1972. This a. report published by the American Min taken during 1971 in addition to normal ac- technical-professional regional orgamzatlon ing Congress 1n June 1973 that: CXX-324-Part 4 5144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974
Industry 1n Japan and. Germany, backed 1! we knew LoNG BEACH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, by their governments, has negotiated long what he had done Long Beach, Calif .• February 11, 1974. term contracts to procure the built of the the highest otflce Hon. F. EDWARD HEBERT, growing production of minerals 1n the devel 1n our land Chairman, House Armed Services Committee, oping countries. Thls means that the U.S. would be in danger. Rayburn House Office Building, Wash consumer wlll not be able to draw on those For a people ington, D.C. sources-except through the purchase of re who once was free, DEAR Ma. HEBERT: The Long Beach Cham fined. metal or fabricated goods from Japan we hang our heads ber of Commerce wlshes to advise you of its and Germany . • . The sad truth u that, tf under the burden opposition to the announced closing of Fort an tncreastng share of U.S. mtneraZ needs of a leader MacArthur, a major Army installation 1n must be met by tmports, at some stage tn who dismisses Southern C&llfornla that produces an ac the not dutant future th.ts natton wtlZ have our right to know tual payroll of $22.7 million, that serves more to face a drop tn the standard of ztvtng. in pious words · than 43,000 retired servicemen, and generates which confuse us $59 mllllon worth of business annually in In light of the implications of a raw whlle his spolls increase the San Pedro Bay area of Los Angeles materials shortage, which I have only and his castles glltter County. briefly outlined here, it is incumbent up from our toll. We are fully cognizant of the need to on us to immediately begin a searching, Our souls seek faith trlm national expenditures ln a number of in-depth inquiry into the export policies from the potential fields, but we believe it 1s most unwise to of the United States and the export prac of man's love infilct this additional reduction on a metro tices of business. Are we pursuing a po while smogs hang thickly polltan area that ls still suffering from last licy of exportation that is one of expe over the dreams year's drastic cutback in Naval operations. once visible To take such a step at a tlme of national diency without regard for long-tenn con economic uncertainty can only result in a sequences? Are we exporting ourselves across the great waters. Now, pomp and majesty, further weakening of our ablllty to contri into industrial exhaustion? Directly in tyrannical trappings bute to the continued progress of our coun point here 1s a comment by Mr. Andrew stench our land. try. J. Biemiller of the AFL-CIO's omce of We also support the position of Represen legislation. In a letter to members of Yet, we have a prayer tative Glenn Anderson who points out that Congress recently he said: for our country. over 5 % of the Nation's Army retirees live The evening ls clearing. ln Southern California and presently depend The industrial base of the U.S. has been The stars in their craddle on Fort MacArthur for the many services to eroded, as parts of many industries, both old twinkle with inspiration. which they a.re entitled. We further support and new, have been exported to other coun Our stout hearts Representative Anderson's· polnt that one of tries. Many kinds of shortages now threaten a.re in their canoes Fort MacArthur's primary missions ls to the health of the U.S. economy. ready to cross the Potomak. provide administration and loglstical support In conclusion, I would hope that the Soon the breeze to the 252 units and activities ln the 8 coun gasoline shortage has taught us to note of information essential ties of Southern California, including 105 Na for a democracy tional Guard units, 78 Reserve units and 33 the warning signals when they appear, will blow across ROTC schools. Those warning flags are now up and :fty our land again. We realize the Nike program has become tng on minerals, and they speak of pos obsolete but we do belleve there a.re over sible distress which 1s not far away. riding needs that require continued opera tion of a major Army post at Fort MacArthur. LONG BEACH CHAMBER OF COM We therefore appeal to you for your assist MERCE OPPOSES CLOSING FORT ance ln bringing about a modlftcation ln the "OUR COUNTRY" MAcARTHUR Defense Department's directive that would make it possible to keep the installation in business as a vital support faclllty for the HON. JOSEPH M. MONTOYA HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON· remaining Army forces within our metropoll OJ' NEW 1!4EXICO tan region. OP CALD'OBNIA Sincerely, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LAWRENCE L. KAVANAU', Monday, March 4, 1974 Monday, March 4, 1974 President. Mr. MONTOYA. Mr. President, recent Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. ly a constituent of mine, Leon E. Wil Speaker, Fort MacArthur, located in Los liamson, wrote to me enclosing a poem Angeles, Calif., is an important cog in FRUSTRATIONS OF HOSPITAL he had composed and stating, "I feel both the national defense and the local ADMINISTRATORS common citizens should have some ex economy. As the only Army past in the pression in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD eight-county southern California area, during this time • • • ." I agree, and Fort MacArthur provides administrative HON. NORRIS COTTON ask unanimous consent that Mr. Wil and logistical support to 252 individual OF NEW HAMPSHIRE liamson's poem, "Our Country," be print units in this area, and it also serves the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ed in the RECORD. special needs of the many retired mlli Monday, March 4, 1974 -There being no objection, the paem tary personnel who have located near the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, post. Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, earlier as follows: To close this facility, as suggested by this month the New Hampshire congres OUR COUNTRY the Department of Defense, would curtail sional delegation met in my omce with (By Leon E. Wllllamson) the efficient and effective sup:port pro the Legislative Committee of the New A prayer for our country vided to these 252 Army units and would Hampshire Hospital Association to dis drips sllently ignore the needs of those who have be cuss various issues that confront the from our parched lips. come dependent on the services provided hospitals that we so vitally depend We have a leader by the fort to supplement their paltry on. We had a good discussion of the above the law. retired pay. President's national health insurance Hls moral preachments The Long Beach Chamber of Com praposal and the new health resources fiow from amorality. planning program. Hls salary merce opposes J;he closure of Fort Mac ls barely taxible. Arthur, and has written Chairman However, the bulk of our time was de He knows the law HEBERT voicing its opposition to the De voted to phase IV of the economic sta for us fense Department's intent to close this bilization program and the problems but not for himself. vital military installation. which our New Hampshire hospitals are Our souls seek wisdom At this point, Mr. Speaker, I place in encountering with the control program. from the ages the RECORD the letter to Chairman I have received a letter from Mr. G. A. whlle our leader HEBERT from the president of the Long Desrochers, administrator of the Beatrice sanctimoniously tells us Beach Chamber, Lawrence Kavanau: D.\Veeks Memorial Hospital, of Lancas- ~arch 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5145 ter. N.H .• that puts into plain words the I can't imagine that there ts that much the things that you said should be done to frustrations of hospital administrators abuse of Medicare and Medicaid to justify better the community environment?" The the government's vast expansion of bureau students displayed an enthusiastic desire to everywhere. I ask unanimous consent cratic regulatory agencies for the health care begin 1IXU:ned1aitely. this letter be printed under extension of industry. In April 1972, Mr. Strother became the remarks. Here's another factor that few are consid adviser and Mr. KK'k M. Reid, a retired busi There being no dbjection, the letter ering: all of these rules, regulations and ness executive who had expressed bis con was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD,, paperwork are ma.king it so difficult for cern tor the ecology of the community in a as follows: physician's to practice that they are not speech to the English classes, was invited t.o BEATRICE D. WEERS recommending anyone to enter the field. act as a consult.ant and to aid in the forma MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, some of them a.re dropping out. If you think tion of an environmental organtza.tion. The Lancaster, NH., Felrrurary 15, 1974. there ls a shortage of physicians now, just local government oftlcla.ls were questioned as Hon. NoJUUS COTl'ON, let this continue and see where we end up to the ecological needs of the community U.S. Senate, 1n the next few yea.rs. These people in Wash and with these ideas in mind, the students Washington, D.C. ington don't seem to realize that physicta.ns developed their plans. DEAR SENATOR COTTON: I wanted to take a are not crooks; they're trying to care for A membership drive was launched minute to let you know that the whole situa their patients in the best way they know throughout the High School and Middle tion regarding controls on the health care how. They are trained to know how to diag Schools, netting close to three hundred in industry is getting to the point of being nose a patient, what tests to run, when to terested students and faculty members. absolutely absurd. put h1m in the hospital, when to send him A meeting was held to determine the The President gets up and makes a plitch home, etc. Granted, there should be some various projects that MALL could under for national health insurance with only a accounta.b111ty, but there 1s a 11m1t. take. The :flrst project was to organize a m1n1maJ amount of federal intervention and Sincerely, monthly collection of newspaper for recy at the same time, I'm reading a 15 page book G. A. l>ESBOCHEBS, cling. A date was selected, the media was from the Cost of Living Council outlining Adm~nfstrator. notifted, and the paper drive was held. The bow they want us to llmlt our total expenses people responded to the student effort by per admission. The next item I picked up to bringing sixty tons of paper. With the con read 1s a proposal in the Fe
While preliminary reports indicate that vi~ual problems. We are advised that the House Construction . . . how to reduce some degree of success has been achieved State Fuel Allocation Office in Richmond costs. many people report inconveniences and, 1n will endeavor to help all who care to call Home heating . . • systems, fuels, controls. certain cases, tragic consequences. The prob them. The area code is 804 and the tele Removing stalns from fabrics • • . home lems caused by school children waiting tor phone numbers are: 770-3508, or 770--1261, methods. buses in the predawn hours concern many or 770--7795. ·Social Security .and Medicare packet. parents across Virginia. Workmen are also GENOCIDE TREATY Soil conservation a.t home for city and surburban dwellers. going to their jobs before daylight and this Some weeks ago, the question of ratifica offsets energy saved in the evenings. tion o! the Genocide Treaty was once again GI BILL To lessen adverse conditions created. by brought before the Senate but after the A bill calling for a two-year extension of the time change, I have sponsored legislation leadership failed in its efforts to limit debate, educational benefits under the G.I. Bill has which would amend the Uniform Time Act to it was withdrawn from further consideration. passed the House and is now 1n the Senate provide that daylight savings time will begtµ As you may know, after the atrocities in Committee on Veterans Affairs. It is my on the last Sunday in February of each year. Germany during World War II, the United understanding that the Committee will con Adoption of this proposal would allow the Nations adopted a proposal to make geno sider this and other Veterans education leg country to observe eight months of dayUght cide an international crime. Everyone would islation during the latter part of the month. savings time during which sunrise does not oppose an effort by any nation to exterminate It seems reasonable for courts of general occur until 8:00 a.m. in the morning or a particular racial, religious, or national jurisdiction within the States to decide prob later in many parts of the country. This ap group. lems relating to the schools because State pears to be a reasonable compromise to the This proposal, however, does not require judges a.re more familiar with and attuned problem and should warrant serious consid a nation to be advocating genocide but it '8 to local conditions and problems. Congress eration. so vague that it might include one indi does have authority under the Constitution TRUCK LBGISLATlOlt' vidual's efforts and cause him to be tried 1n not only to constitute but to determine the Our Senate Transportation Subcommittee an international rather than a domestic jurisdiction of that court. The Chatrman ot has been holding hearings on proposals to court. There is a reference to preventing Supreme Court and even to fix the appellate increase the size and weights of trucks on births and forcibly transferring children jurisdiction of that court. The Chairman of our highways. This matter received consid from one group to another and the question the Subcommittee, Senator Ervin of North erable attention some years ago but public might arise as to whether this includes birth Carolina, agreed that this would be both a concern kept changes from being made in control measures and the busing of children constitutional and reasonable approach, al Federal standards. Now the issue is again to obtain a racial balance. There is no doubt though it is but one of the various measures before us, with truck drivers wanting to 1n my mind that a criminal statute enacted which will be given consideration. Should you increase loads tn their trucks because of by any of our State legislatures, containing desire a copy of my bill or statement before higher fuel prices and reduced productivity language similar to that found 1n the Geno the committee, please let me know. due to lower speed limits. They feel that the cide Convention, would be declared invalid VISITORS WELCOME more a trucker can load onto his vehicle, because of its vagueness; and it would ap the less his unit cost will be and this could pear reasonable for any treaty ratified by Visitors are always welcome to our Senate help keep prices down. the Senate to have the same degree of cer om.ce, 3109 Dirksen Building, to obtain passes Many citizens, however, are concerned tainty as required for domestic laws. to the House or Senate visitors gallery. There over the safety issue. Some feel that the There is also doubt as to whether a per is also a free guided tour of the Capitol and durabllity of highways and bridges are son tried before an international tribunal a very limited number of special tours of the threatened by weight increases. The com under this treaty would be afforded all of the White House. Because of the great demand, mittee therefore ls attempting to resolve Constitutional safeguards guaranteed to reservations for White House tours need to the apparent conflicts and has scheduled American citizens ln our Constitution. The be made approximately a month in advance. further hearings later this month with spe American Bar Association and many Sena However, if you are willing to stand in line, cial reference to the safety factor. tors, including myself, opposed the ratifi you can go directly to the White House, cation of the treaty because of its broad Tuesd,ay through Saturday, from 10:00 a.m. ENERGY AND GASOLINE SHORTAGE to 12:00 noon, without prior reservations. We received a letter a few days ago from scope, its vagueness and simply not being a constituent which began: "Whlle this let able to comprehend the various situations MISCELLANEOUS Bil.LS ter ts not submitted in the proper typed which might arise in the future under its Since our last newsletter, we have spon form or typed as my usual correspondence 1s provisions. Should you desire a copy of the sored or co-sponsored a number of legislative it is because I am waiting tn Une for gaso proposed treaty or my comments on the floor proposals. Among them are measures to: line." for review, please contact the omce. Repeal the Economic Stabilization Act, Perhaps this mustrates the concern and SCHOOL BUSING thereby abolishing wage and price controls. the frustration being experienced not only A Senate Judiciary Subcommittee had Prohibit the Department of Transportation by people who are waiting in line for gasoline hearings recently on a number of measures from imposing mandatory seatbelt stand but by businessmen who are concerned about relating to the busing of school children to ards in vehicles requiring starter interlock obtaining the energy necessary to continue obtain a racial balance. This is a problem systems. their business operations. One constituent which continues to concern many Americans Restore posthumously full rights of citi indicated that he had recently purchased a and polls indicate most citizens would pre zenship to General Robert E. Lee. motel which was operating successfully until fer that their children attend school within Decontrol pricing of natural gas at the the last few months when motorists began their own neighborhood rather than to be wellhead and allow market conditions to set reducing their travel and quit using his ac bused some distance from their homes in prices in order to expand natural gas pro commodations due to the energy shortage. an effort to obtain a racial balance. duction. Of course, tourism is a major industry 1n A number of solutions have been sug Amend the Clean Air Act to permit the Virginia. Whlle there are differences of gested, including a Constitutional Amend burning of coal rather than on in factories opinion as to the scope of the shortage, the ment to prevent busing, enactment ~fa law and industries during the national energy problem is serious and we must make every to prohibit race from being considered in the emergency. effort to resolve tt. assignment of pupils and freedom of choice LEGAL SERVICES The Virginia Congressional delegation has under which parents could decide which After a long debate, the Senate passed a scheduled a meeting in my om.ce for Tuesday school their children would attend. Because bill to establish a non-proft'I; Federal corpo of this week with the Administrator of the a Constitutional Amendment would require ration to operate a program providing legal Federal Energy OID.ce, Mr. Simon, to deter a two-thirds favorable vote in each House of services to the poor in this country. In view mine what can be done to alleviate the gen the Congress, as well as rattfication by three of the fiscal condition of the Treasury and eral problems and particularly as they relate fourths of the State legislatures, there is con for other .reasons, I opposed the bill which to Virginia. In my opinion, however, we must siderable doubt that this could . be accom would cost $260 billion over a three-year eliminate hoarding of our resources by pro plished. The other suggested solutions would period. ducers and consumers; reconsider environ be subject to review by the Federal courts and could well be declared unconstitutional. Iii my opinion, legal aid can best be left mental constraints; and ma."ke maximum use to local communities and bar associations. of our existing fossil fuels, which may in A possible alternative would be to transfer clude conversion of many stationary plants jurisdiction over issues and controversies in· Obviously every Senator hates · to vote from oil to coal, with the understanding that volving the public schools from the Federal against measures which on the sUl'face would to the State courts. ·benefit the poor. But we can never have a the government will permit the continuance balanced budget or reduce lnflattonary ·pres of the use of coal, our most abundant source PAMPHLETS AVAYLABLE sures 1f we vote in favor o! all spending bllls. o! energy, for a number of years in the Our office has a supply of the government future. publications listed below and 1f you would OUT OF THE PAST Since the question of energy Wa
. March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5147 so until the end. If the end brings me out [From the Anniston (Ala.) Star, Feb. 3, 1974} said near the end of the banquet. He's great, all right, what is said against me won't "CALLAHAN DAY" ENDS, BOYCE REAPS great young man." amounl; to anything. If it brings me out HONORS But more than that, Calla.ha.n's offensive wrong, ten a.ngeJg swearing I was right would It was one of those night's every boy coach, Clarke Mayfield, will tell you, "He's make no difference.-Abraham Lincoln. dreams of. a great football player, but he's also a great CORRECT ADDRESS? And it was quite a night Saturday night at leader." Many naw names have been added re Saks High School. cently to our newsletter list and we would For Boyce Callahan. [From the Birmingham News, Feb. s. 1974] like to a.void duplication and have the names The "Little All-America" and Jacksonville BOYCE'S NIGHT-'I'RmUTEs POUR IN FROM ALL and addresses as accurate as possible. In the State University running back and former OVER UNITED STATES event, therefore, that your mailing 1s inac 8aks football great reaped just a.bout every (By Jimmy Bryan) curate in any respect, please return the a.ward that could be reaped by a deserving Boyce Callahan had many nights of ma.g address label with the correction to our office. young man. nlflcence playing football at Sa.ks High School After all, it was "Boyce Callahan Day" in and Jacksonville State University, but none Calhoun County and even for the State of will stand out more vividly in his mind than Alabama, so proclaimed by Gov. George C. the night his friends and neighbors pitched Wallace. for him in the Anniston suburb of Saks OUTSTANDING ALABAMA But Wallace's proclamation was just icing FOOTBALL PLAYER Saturday . . . it was a. genuine out-pouring on a cake spiced with telegrams from Con of affection for the 5-9, 160-pound tailback gressmen, Senators, football coaches and the who gained over 4,200 yards in 36 Jacksonville HON. BILL NICHOLS President of the United States. State games . . . they filled the cafeteria. at People like Congressman Bill Nichols, State Sa.ks High School, and watched again the OF ALABAMA Sen. Fred Ray Lybrand and Representatives magic of Boyce Callahan With a football un IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ray Burgess and Donald Stewart were among der his a.rm . • . highlights of his career at the VIP's. Monday, March 4, 1974 Sa.ks and Jacksonville were shown on special So was Jacksonville State's President, Dr. films put together by Saks IDgh and Jax • Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, some Ernest Stone and JSU's chairman of the State coaches. nights ago it was my honor to attend a Board of Trustees, Hugh Merrill. There was a letter from President Richard banquet at Saks High School, Calhoun And the list went on. Nixon, from Paul Bryant and Ralph Jordan County, Ala., honoring a very fine ath Calla.ha.n's high school football coach Jack ••• from Gov. George Wallace and Lt. Gov. lete, Boyce Callahan. Boyce competed in Stewart, attended along with Jax State head Jere Beasley ... Stewart and Jax coaches football man, Charlie Pell and o:ffenslve Charley Pell and Clarky Maygeld had part.a high -school football at Saks and grad backfield coach, Cla.rkie Mayfield. on the program. • • . Pell announced that uated with outstand,ing credentials, ex "Callahan Day" got off to a. roaring begin Boyce's No. 33 Gamecock jersey would never cept that he was labeled as being physi ning Saturday morning with a reception at be worn a.gain . . . 33 was retired • • . a size cally .small and for this reason most col Sa.ks, followed by a. 'smoker' at the JSU locker able ca.sh gift, which would have bought an lege scouts .said he was too small to make room. automobile, was handed the big little man it 1.n college football. Then ca.me the main attraction, a. gigantic . .• all in all, it was some evening. To make a long story short, Jackson banquet honoring the 5-9, 160 pound brown haired halfback. ville State University recognized his abil Nichols helped to get the praise going. ity and decided to give him a chance to "I'm proud to be here to join you in honor SHOULD THE PRICE FOR DETENTE make their football team and it is lucky ing a very fine man. I'm pleased and privi for them they did. In Boyce's college leged and honored to be here on your night," BE RAISED? football career he was conference rush he said. ing champ 4 years straight; All-Alabama Before a highlight could be noted, Stone Small College, All-NAIA District 27, and surprised no one by announcing that No. 33, HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Ca.Ila.ha.n's jersey number while at Jax the All-Gulf South Conference his last 3 past four years, would be retired. OP VIRGINL\ years and Little All-America in the NAIA Callahan received another honor, "Little IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES and Associated Press polls his junior and All-America" style, when Anniston Star Monday, March 4, 1974 senfor years and this is just to mention Sports Editor George Smith presented him a few of his honors. ; with the Associated Press and NAIA first Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi Apparently, when Boyce was in high tea.m plaque. dent, in recent agreements with the school all those college scouts could see Norman Cole, president of the Saks Athletic Soviet Union, it becomes increasingly was a 5-foot, 9-inch high school senior Club, also was on the end of the awards clear that the United States has come otf presentations when.he gave Callahan a check who weighed 160 pounds when dressed for $2,050. second best. in a wet sweat suit. They failed to look But with all those honors, it was Calla.ha.n's I think that is true of the grain sale, inside a young man to find the determi former playing mate, Phil Murphy, during the settlement of the Russian debt and nation and qesire that makes a great his elementary, junior high and varsity years the SALT agreement on limitation of football player. that prompted the crowd to go wild. strategic arms. Boyce came to JackSonville to play and Murphy, a member of the University of It is imperative, I believe, that the rep play he did and all the while when Alabama Crimson Tide football team, did resentatives of the United States take a Boyce was bursting through those holes some reminiscing of yesteryear. He received firmer stance and win more concessions on his way to gaining more than 4,QOO a standing ovation. in bargaining with the Russians. A re Then Stewart did some talking. laxation of tensions is desirable, be yards many of those same scouts were "Boyce Callahan 1s not only a super foot to eating their words. ball player, but a. super person. I think he sure, but a detente in which all the ad Dr.. Ernest Stone, president of Jack stands for everything an athlete should vantages flow to the Soviet Union is un sonville State, and all the rest of the stand for. promising and risky. university community cannot say enough "The best thing I can say a.bout Boyce 1s In the newspapers of February 21, Col good things a.bout this outstanding young he's still the same person he 1s now as the umnist Joseph Kraft wrote that unless man. not only as an athlete but as a time I first met him. I think I can speak the United States raises the price for for every athlete who ever wore the Red and detente, unless it exacts meaningful con person too. In fact, they paid him the White (Sa.ks school color). There ls no way highest tribute anyone can give to an we can measure the contributions ma.de by cessions, support for the policy of athlete by retiring his number 33. Boyce Callahan to Sa.ks IDgh School and to detente will vanish in this country. Mr. Speaker, Boyce Callahan was a our community." I agree with Mr. Kraft, and I feel his respected football player but even more Presentations were a.gain ma.de. One by analysis of the present relative positions important, he is a respected person and Doug Crow another former teammate of Cal of the United States and the Soviet friend to many in Calhoun County. With lahan, who, on behalf of the coaches and Union is a valuable one. all due respect, I would like enter into players of the 1969 Sa.ks football team, hon I ask unanimous consent that the to ored the Jax great with an award. RECORD column, the two articles, one from the Boyd Vaughn presented Callahan with a "Should the Prtce for Detente Birmingham News and the other from scrapbook of his playing days while at Saks be Raised?" be printed in the Extensions the Anniston Star, that discuss Boyce and Jax State. The award was in the behalf of Remarks. Callahan's achievements and I hope that o! the community o! Calhoun County. There being no objection, the column each Member of Congress takes notice "When a boy comes along like Boyce Cal was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, of his outstanding record: lahan, he kindles a spirit 1n all of us," Pell as follows: 5148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974
SHOULD THE PRICE J'OR DETENTE BE RAI.sEI>? part of the developed world, then they are February and March show some improve· (By Joseph Kraft) going to have to behave like an advanced ment, this slide, combined with skyrocketing country. That means, at a minimum, whit prices, means that real income is so far o1f The deportation of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn tling down the mllltary occupation of East that consumer buy~g power could be weak demonstrates how dlftlcult it ls to nurse the for the rest of the year. Soviet Union toward a civilized polltlcal re ern Europe and allowing the basic freedoms gime. The mellowing of Soviet power ls not which one of the greatest writers in the "From the point of view of the consumer," going to be achieved by the mere force of world needs to continue his work. says Michael Evans of Chase Econometric economic modernization, nor by contact with Up to now, President Nixon and Secretary Associates, "this is the worst news in almost of State Henry Kissinger could make the 40 years." the West and discreet diplomatic hints. case for moving discreetly for an easing of An all-court press, largely by the United The one small note of cheer is the McGraw the Soviet regime in the context of detente. Hill jump in States, ls required. By the wllltul provocation survey indicating a big business Now the weakness of that quiet approach plans for capital investment. But whether which led to his expulsion, Solzhenf.?yn has is clear. If they don't press Moscow in a asked whether we in the West care enough Industry wm actually achieve the projected more open manner it wm be hard to resist 18 per cent in capital outlays remains to be about peace and freedom to go the distance- the conclusion that, where matters of liberty to keep the pressure on the Soviet regime. seen. and morality are concerned, the President With the Federal Reserve Board, there 1s Let us make no mistake about it. By re and Secretary of State have a high threshold peated and well-publlclzed acts of defiance, a. well-defined minority that thinks the time of pain. If nothing else, they wlll forfeit the Solzhenitsyn asked for trouble. . has already arrived to move directly to bol· American constituency for detente which is ster the weakening economy. But they have He probably could have gone on writing already breaking up. the powerful novels which won him the Nobel not yet won the most lnfiuentlal member prize. But that wasn't enough. He wrote of that board, Chairman Arthur F. Burns, The Gulag Archipelago, an account of the to their point of view. Soviet prison system as it operated under The board minority are ready right now Stalln which named names. He published DANGEROUS ECONOMIC SITUATION for an additional stimulus from government it in the West with indications that there FACF.S UNITED STATES spending. At least one 1s also in favor of was more to come 1f he were arrested. Democratic suggestions on Capitol Hlll for As the poUce closed in, he kept Western a tax cut. And the minority-which at vari· reporters abreast at every turn. Twice he HON. RICHARD BOLLING ous times includes as many as three of the seven-man board-would favor a substs.ntl&l refused a summons from the secret police, OF MISSOtJJU easing of the Fed's montetary posture 1f the and twice he let reporters in Moscow know IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about it. The comment he made the day first-quarter figures when published later before his expulsion was a particularly sharp Monday, March 4, 1974 this month actually show the kind of stag challenge to the regime. He refused a sum gering result outlined above. mons because of what he called "a situation Mr. BOLLING. Mr• . Speaker, in recent Chairman Burns, however, feels strongly of general 1llegality" in the Soviet Union. years I have put so many of Hobart that the overwhelming economic problem at So his behavior poses a problem. Why did Rowen's columns on economic matters in the moment ls the threat of what he cans Solzhenitsyn ask for it? What was he trying the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD that I am be "Latin-American-type" inflation, and that to prove? ginning to feel like a press a.gent. But the the only way to deal with it is to follow a The answer Ues in the achievement of period of relative austerity for "several" one which follows represents such a high months. party secretary Leonid Brezhnev. Mr. Brezh• standard of reporting of key develop nev ls on the way to solving the problem "The current economic slowdown," Burns of achieving economic progress without ments in the complicated, unusual and told the Joint Economic Committee last abandoning the troi:. control of the Bolshevik terribly dangerous economic situation week, "does not appear to have the char system. His method ts what we call detente- which confronts the United States and in acteristics of a typical business recession." the easing of tensions with the West. fact the world that I want to be sure that Therefore, he argued, the traditional easier By a controlled fiow of Western goods and as many as possible of my colleagues are money policy that might be used to stimulate technology and capital, Russia keeps moving aware of the column and the situation it demand 1s not the right policy now. forward. The standard of Uving has slowly describes. It appeared in the Washing But the board minority aren't so sure that improved. The frontiers of knowledge are ex ton Post of Sunday, March 3, 1974. supply constraint, rather than demand, is plored. Television sets, automobiles and com• stlll the main problem. "This is fast becom puters become part of the Soviet system. GROWING ECONOMIC CalsIS SPLITS U.S. POLICY ing1a downturn triggered by weakness on the Because this forward motion ts achieved MAKERS demand side," says a well-Informed source, largely by borrowing the fruits of Western (By Hobart Rowen) "and this is the issue that could cause some initiative and invention, the party main Just as administration oftlclaJs are squab hot arguments inside the board." tains its supremacy and the military retains bling over the real dimensions of the energy In the Fed's Open Market Committee-the its all-powerful grip on Soviet resources. To crisis, Federal Reserve Board oftlcials are di over-all policy-making body which includes be sure, in return for its credits and tech· vided on the right strategy to cope with a presidents of the regional Reserve Banks nologtcal assistance, the West does ask a growing economic crisis. Burns has enormous prestige and sway. It price. Under prodding from the United The economic issue is dramatized by a new. is unlikely that the OMO would move to a States, the Soviet Union has lifted-a little- assessment of the outlook made at meetings s1gn1ftcant easing of policy until Burns has the barriers to emigration of Jews to Israel. of key Nixon admlnistration men last week, made up his own mind that the time ts ripe. But political change ls not set in motion. at which it was concluded that the downturn Treasury Secretary George Shultz for the On the contrary, the dissidents, who advo in real gross national product for the first moment shares Bums' disapproval of sub cate real change are sent off one by one to quarter could be over 3 per cent, and possibly stantial acceler.ation of government spend the prison camps of Siberia, or to various as much as 4 per cent. ing. He is :Placing his bets on a mid-year up asylums, or into exile. That much of a negative growth result turn-give or take a few months-a better Against this background the logic of de the first stage of a recession-would be more flow of on and a more or less natural break liberately needling the regime, of trying to serious than anticipa.ted at the beginning of in speculative commodity prices. force a confrontation, becomes clear. Solz· 1974. The government's first forecast of the Meanwhile, the energy crisis has pitted henltsyn, like the physicist Andrei Sakharov, quarter•by-qua.rter projections-still unpub Federal Energy Oftlce boss William E. Simon decided that it ls no longer feasible to try lished-ls understood to have put the first against the free-market contingent which to work within the system for reform. By quarter real growth figure at about a minus wants to let prices--rather than allocation courting trouble, and finally achieving it, 2 percent. orders or rationing-handling the situation. Solzhenitsyn was signaling desperately to the Bult two things have changed the picture. Ranged against Simon are Oftlce or Manage West. First, the worst inflation rates since World ment and Budget Director Roy Ash and Eco He was tell1ng us that we should ask far War I have cut deeply into consumer pur nomic Councll Chairman Herbert Stein. Even more than we have in return for our capital chasing power. Harvard Professor Otto Eck Shultz, who works closely with and admires and technology. He was asking us to insist stein, who ts forecasting a 4.2 per cent drop Simon privately, has doubts about how long on more changes in Russia, and more baste in real GNP for the first quarter, points out the allocation program should be kept going. changes, as a price for Soviet entry to the that the January price hikes (37 per cent Ash and Stein are more direct. Ash says advanced world. He was making the case for the wholesale price index, 12.2 per cent the shortage will be over In a matter of that 1f the West cracks down hard now, for the consumer index) "are a menace to months. Stein, in an off-the-cUft speech Brezhnev wlll yield-not be forced to give prosperity." Wednesday night to the National Economists way to a new set of hard-liners. Second, the public antipathy to gasollne Club here, pointedly blamed the mess on My own sense is that Solzhenitsyn 1s right. consumtng big cars has run deep. The drop government allocation and price regulations. It seems to me very clear that the United in that part of the economy dependent on "People (on gas lines) are now paying in States should raise the price for detente. It autos apparently will range between 15 and time for the uncertainty," Stein said. "If is not enough for the Soviet Union merely 20 per cent in real tennit for the ftrst quarter. they knew they could get gas at 80 cents a to let out several thousand Jews through Personal income dropped by $4 billion 1n gallon, there wouldn't be the lines." the backdoor. If the Russians want to be January, an extraordinary decline. Even 1f But the free-market formula for easing the March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5149 oil problem would of course add to existing My next duty to my country 1s to prepare scriptions, are undergoing a. partial infiationary pressures. myself as a responsible citizen; this may paralysis the like of which has never The worst part of the situation is growing prove to be a lifetime job. First, I must fear in the nation that the government has study past history as well as present his been endured by the Nation. no plan to cope with the general deteriora tory in order to be informed historically. The Congress last week enacted an tion of economic prospects. Seoond, as an American citizen, I must study energy bill which the vast majority of Burns' warnings of the consequences of the Constitution of the United States and the House of Representatives, reflecting "double-digit" inflation are impressive, and know the freedoms lt guarantees and the the minds of their constituents, hopes he is listened to with the greatest respect on responsib111ties it sets forth, both the gov will eventually bring about sufficient the Hill and by the members of his board, ermnent and citizens. For, as a citizen, it is supplies of energy fuel at normal prices. even when they don't fully agree with him. my duty to preserve and follow the Consti But the mild recession he seems to be advo tution our forefathers had the marvelous Many speeches on the floor of the cating wasn't a cure for inflation or high foresight and br1lliance to prepare for gov House during the debate on the energy wage demands in 1970. Would it be any more erning this Republic. They were Christians bill were made by Members of Congress, useful now? and based the Constitution on Christian most of whom had little knowledge of the There is a sense among many people that principles. reasons for the oil conglomerates• falling the nation is drifting into an economic The Constitution of the United States of to provide sutncient exploration for oil morass without leadership, that President America 1s Without a doubt the best blue over the years. It was almost the unani Nixon's only solution to infiation sounds print for a representative republic that has strangely-llke letting prices rise even ever been devised by men. If representatives mous opinion that the big on operators farther. Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz elected by the people have integrity and had relied almost exclusively on the makes the same old worn-out promises of understand the Constitution, it will serve Middle East for our energy sources. better food supplies and lower prices. us many hundreds of years. On the other This morning I received a letter from A government economist conftdes--I hand, if our omcials do not have the integrity one of the leading attorneys in the State thought more hopefully than assuredly-that to uphold it, no written constitution can of Kansas, who has many years of ex if there is a minus 4 per cent real growth guarantee us our freedoms and good gov ernment. Third, a good citizen becomes in perience representing oil companies, number for the first quarter, it will surely George B. Collins of the flrm of Collins be the worst quarter of the year. "I never formed and informs others about current heard of a recession in the middle of a capital events and important issues facing the & Collins, Wichita, Kans., setting out goods boom," he says. country. By fulfllling my responsibll1ty of some practical recommendations which being informed, I am preparing myself for might help solve our energy diffi.culties. But Arthur Burns himself more than once another important responsibllity, that of has told his students (and fellow board mem COLLINS & COLLINS, bers) that once an economic slide of this intelligent voting. Citizens should not vote :for the mere sake Wichita, Kans., Februaf11 28, 1974. sort gets under way, no one knows how far Hon. RAY MADDEN, lt will go. of voting. Therefore, I must be well-informed HO'U8e of BepresentaUves, on the particular issue or candidate and Washington, D.C. must use the information I have gained to vote for the good of the Republic. For what DEAR RAY: As you know, I have represented A TRUE WINNER good is it if people vote for someone or some major and independ.ent oil producers for over thing they know nothing at all ai"'Jout? U forty years and have had personal interests that is the case, we have not accepted nor in petroleum both in the United States and HON. JOHN B. BREAUX !ulfllled our whole responsibllity. Suppose Ireland for more than fifteen years. Pursuant to your reguest of the other evening for some OF LOUISIANA we unwarily vote for someone or something suggestions as to solving the energy crisis, I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which is corrupting our freedoms. Is it not better to not vote at all than to vote with have the following to o1fer: Monday, March 4, 1974 out even attempting to investigate the Depletion: This rule has caused the escape lssue? As a citizen I must not ftounder in of taxes on billions of dollars of oil and gas Mr. BREAUX. Mr. Speaker, I wish to ignorance, but seek truth and not be satis income for the benefit of people who have share with my colleagues and with the fied with less; nor should I be lazy and let never spent a penny in oll and gas explora people of this great Nation some wisdom only the minority rule. We should all voice tion. Many of these are owners of farms, that comes-not from the intellect of our views, putting, of course, the good of ranches, plantations, as well as railroads and presumptive staJtement or the accumulate the Republic before personal gain or sec other large corporations with huge landhold tional favoritism. ings. The law should be changed to permit knowledge of philosophy-but from the the depletion allowance to be taken only to heart of youth. I must use my influence as a citizen by promoting projects, ideas, and legislation the extent that a corresponding expenditure It ts the winning entry in a Voice of that are good for our country. I must express in exploration has been made. The greater Democracy contest held in my district my views and take the time to write gov portion of this saving has been for the bene in Louisiana, and it deserves the atten ernment omcials and voice my views. Por a fit of the large integrated on companies. tion of anyone wishing to find hope amid government to be responsive to its citizens, much of their production having been ob the political chaos that seems ready to it must know their thoughts and ideas. A tained through the purchase of the produc saying in common use 1s "Your influence ing properties from independents who were engulf us all in the aftermath of 1973. forced to sell their properties due to the low The writer is Tyra Patterson of Lake counts, use itl" That 1s an ad.monition worthy o! repetition. price of on and gas. These companies find Charles, La., and I can add nothing to In the future when I have children of it cheaper to let the independents run the what she has written, except my thanks my own, it is my duty to teach my children risks of finding production and then pur and the appreciation of all people who their responsibllities as citizens toward chasing it. This has happened in dozens of love truth, honesty, loyalty and under preserving freedom so they might begin pre cases to my knowledge in the Mid Continent standing of what America ts all about. • paring for good citizenship. Only in this way field. The income tax returns would contain will freedom last for our future generations. this information and administration can The winning entry follows: thereby be accomplished without any added MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITizEN Freedom doesn't come easy and never has, but we must not shirk our responsibllities expense to Internal Revenue Service. (By Tyra Patterson) as citizens because freedom 1s our most However, the implementation of the fore• According to the dictionary a citizen ls a prized possession. going would not have either immediate or far native or naturalized person owing alle reaching enough effects to correct the energy giance to and entitled to protection from a crisis without meeting the next item which government. ls most critical. we have often heard the well known ex Crude on prices: The independent pro pression "for God and country". We notice GEORGE B. COLLINS, OIL ATTOR ducer of oil and gas who it is recognized is that God comes first. In fu11llllng my NEY, OFFERS SUGGESTIONS ON responsible for finding 80 % of the crude oil allegiance to my country my primary duty ENERGY CRISIS supplies in the United States, has been vir ts toward God. In fact, we should all be tually removed from the scene due to the low lieve in Him and follow the precepts of crude oil prices. The disastrous e1fects of the Bible. A study of past history reveals HON. RAY J.. MADDEN low prices for farm products in the 30'a that countries that have been based on OJ' INDIANA caused an exodus of hundreds of thousands Christian principles have survived the long IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of farmers from the farm. The 50's caused a est and had the happiest citizens. By the simnar exodus of independent oll producers same token, as countries lost their prin Monday, March 4, 1974 due to low prices for their product. The oll ciples, they fell. God prot.ect.s the nations producer and the wheat and corn producers and their ctttzens where He is respected and Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, industry, are akin in that the price of their product la obeyed. This allegiance to God must be in manufacturing, retail business, and all fixed by others. Rotary rigs operated in Kan dividual and collective. I personally must segments of our economy, including sas went from a high of 200, 15 years ago, obey God's laws. truck operators and motorists of all de- to 20, but have DOW increased to about 80 5150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974 due to the increase in crude prices despite state exports. Foreign buyers hedge against WASHINGTON REPORT: EDITORIAL VIEWPOINT the shortage of drllling rigs and casing. anticipated shortages or simply take specula (Here is a story that, until now, no one in Traditionally oil field workers have been tive positions at attractive prices. Given the agriculture has had the backbone to write. among the best paid in the nation and de short-term world grain needs and the high it is written by Fred Balley, Jr., Successful servedly so, because their high risk and skill U.S. prices, it's not unreasonable to expect Farming's Washington correspondent, and ed work ts around the clock in all kinds of that much of the unknown-destination ex bears reading closely . . . and pondering. If weather and away from their homes. The port wheat, and even some of the known .anyone cares to respond, we are always ~lad transportation and refinery workers who de destination wheat, will never leave the to give space to responsible viewpoints.)-The pend upon the supplies of crude oil for their country. Editors. jobs are likewise highly paid as befits their Then too, the vision of scarcity painted by As you read this, a lot of people are getting skUled and hazardous occupation. the bakers relies on the Juggling of numbers set to spend a lot of money to tell the con The oil shortage can be met with adequate in a "statistical year." But farmers don't sumers of this country-as though they prices to meet sky-rocketing costs and I trust plant and harvest in a statistical year. Wheat hadn't heard it over and over again like a Congress wm recognize that if crude prices from the old crop doesn't have to la.st until broken record-what a great buy food is. The are to be shaved that tt be done with a deli July 1 because a few hundred million bushels argument bas ma.inly been that "you can cate touch or it wlll slit the throat of the of the new crop will be rolUng into the afford it, so quit griping!" This has been the independent producer. supply stream in May. About the only thing traditional party line of the entire food. indus Sincerely, that can prevent this at this point is drought try and as farmers we've faithfully followed it GEORGE B. COLLINS. and plague in Texas. like a hound behind a jackrabbit. In the What really seems to be the problem with opinion of this writer, it's high time we the mlllers and bakers is that for the first began leveling with consumers and telling time in decades they're having to deal in a them we couldn't agree with them more: RUNNING OUT OF WHEAT? free market in wheat. Always before, they Food prices are too high. Because they are. could get by on skimpy inventories because Who's responsible. And in the same breath Uncle Sam, through the taxpayer-financed we ought to tell them why food prices are Commodity Cr.edit Corporation, sat on moun too high, so if they want to yell at someone HON. JAMES ABDNOR tains of wheat that was always available at OF SOUTH DAltOTA they'll know who to yell at--namely those a moment's notice, at a price. Now, they segments of our food system that are really IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES either have to carry inventory or develop responsible for soaring grocery costs: Labor Monday, March 4, 1974 fancy lines of credit so they can buy in the unions whose featherbedding and excessive forward market. Many have, and are covered. wage demands have been a major factor in Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, anyone Those that haven't are learning fast, and higher-cost food; a rail system that is often who has more than a rhetorical interest we'll venture another fearless prediction just slightly more efficient than a mule train; in the much discussed wheat situation that they won't be caught short a year from a maze of ridiculous laws and regulations by will do well to read the following article now. state and local governments; an almost total The only thing that baffles us is what lack of uniformity in grades and standards; which was published in the March 1, the bakers hope to gain by pumping up 1974, issue of the Wall Street Journal. and a. long list of other obstacles which stand scarcity horrors, which can only put upward in the way of c·onsumers getting more for It is not my purpose today to engage in pressures on prices. Those who have cleverly their food dollars. further rhetoric, but to set the record covered themselves in the forward market As the most efficient sector of our food sys straight. In this regard, the article speaks would seem to have most to gain competi tem (and the most efficient sector of the en very well for itself: tively speaking, by putting up prices. Those who haven't covered themselves would be tire U.S. economy, for that matter), we've RUNNING OUT OF WHEAT? better spreading wild stories of a huge wheat been apologists for shortcomings in the rest The American Bakers Association ts mak glut come spring. of the system for much too long. And with ing a lot of noise, predicting the nation will While we're confident the nation wtll not each new bump in the cost of living curve, run out of wheat for a few weeks this spring run out of birthday cakes and pizza pies, these shortcomings become that much more and there will be a "bread blackout."' They we're not totally unsympathetic to the mill difficult to apologize for, that much harder to know how to hit an American where it hurts, justify with silly statistics. The fact is, we ers and bakers. After all, they were squeezed have nothing to apologize for, nothing that saying that unless the government doesn't as unmercifully as any sector by the Cost of take immediate action this wm also niean Living Councll, until they were finally per needs to be justified. Agriculture's accom "no hamburger buns, no rolls for hot dogs at plishments are a matter of record and most mitted to pass through soaring raw-material consumers are aware of them. the ball games, no bakery snacks for chil costs into the prices of their cakes and pies. dren, no birthday cakes and no pizza." But having learned so recently how brutal Time to be honest. Yet we continue to be By all that is red, white and blue, we fear government intervention in the economy can a party to the big lie that everything's just lessly predict nothing of the sort wm happen. be, it is troubling that they should now be dandy at the checkout counter. The longer Cash wheat already has begun to slide from demanding it again. we participate in this deception, the more a stratospheric $6.18 a bushel last Tuesday, we risk incurring the distrust and hostility a price so gaudy that it was attracting of our best friends: The American consumers Canadian wheat. And with the price falling who enjoy and pay for the things we pro (it hit $5.59 yesterday) and a new crop duce. coming along in May, foreign buyers may be FOOD PRICES-WHY SO ffiGH? The time has thus arrived to assert that unloading some of the whopping 480 milllon we don't like overpriced food one bit more bushels they have under contract but haven't than they do. After all, we have to buy back used. It ta.Ites only 23 million bushels to most of our groceries at the same inflated HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS prices they have to pay. But it's not just keep tb,ls country at least in bread for a OF ILLINOIS month. that. Much more worrisome is the fact that What the worriers seems to forget is that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when consumers finally tire of being gouged at the grocery store, they'll start buying the price of wheat, unlike the price of oil, Monday, March 4, 1974 ts not being controlled by the government. fewer groceries. By bidding up the price, Americans can not Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, everyone is So first thing we need to do is stop par only pull in wheat from Canada. They can concerned about the rising cost of food, roting the party line about how cheap food also buy back wheat from the 1973-74 crop but more and more Americans are becom is. Our customers know better. Instead, we that has been sold for export but which has need to lay out the kind of ha.rd facts a Na ing aware of the fact that this is not tional Commission on Productivity came up not yet left our shores. In effect we have the fault of the farmer. Indeed, agricul already repurchased 37 million bushels from with, but in some cases decided not to talk the Russians when they agreed to defer re ture is the most efficient sector of our about, when it took a close look at produc ceipt of current-crop wheat until the new entire food system. tivity in the food industry. The report of the crop comes in. They bought low, sold high, Under leave to extend my remarks in Commission clearly points a finger at causes and contrac:ted to buy baclt through the fu the RECORD, I wish to include the follow of higher food prices. From this and other tures market at a lower price. Ah, capitalism. ing editorial which appears in the sources, consider the following: The Agriculture Department has good rea March 1971 edition of Successful Of the roughly $750 the average American son to be complacent in the face of the hor wm spend for food at and away from home Farming magazine. It is written by their this year, farmers will get only about $300. rors being projected by the millers and Washington correspondent, Fred Bailey, bakers. It knows that of that 480 million Fully half of the remainder-about $225- bushels sold for export but still sitting Jr. According to Mr. Bailey, it is time for wm go to pay the tab for labor. During the around, 131.8 million bushels ·are ticketed the food industry to start leveling with past 10 years, labor costs tn the food indus tor "unknown destinations." Its experience a consumers. Food prices are too high-and try have soared a. staggering 80%, four times y~ar ago with its new export monitoring sys he gives his analysis of the reasons. His faster than productivity. tem indicates that the system does over- comments are worth reading: Or let them look at specifics: Substantial March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5151 money could be saved by butchering meat er. He tolerates the importunities of age With tuel as prosperity stuck its head, briefly as tnto retail cuts at a. pa.eking pla.nt but local the impatience that in prime years he visited. it would. turn out, around the corner. butchers' unions won't allow it. Costs could upon those he considered malefactors. Now, from the perspective of full years, be cut if bread and milk could be stacked His memory tumbles the 1uminous names Wheeler looks about at a world as dttrerent on the grocery shelf by store clerks instead :from the past out across the room-La.Fol from that of his prime years as dust from of by highly paid delivery truck drivers. Fish lette, Borah, Lodge and Roosevelt, and on butter. would be cheaper if they didn't have to be across the pages of American history that he "I've never been pessimistic at all about caught in boats built in union boatyards. lived. the United States," he says. "I've felt we've And supermarket expenses could be reduced In the yea.rs since Burton Kendall Wheeler made mistakes, a good many, but by compar 1f retail clerks weren't so obstinately opposed took hiS seat in the Senate tn 1923, America ison with other countries, I feel we're a.head to automated checkout counters. has been transformed from rural to urban, and will continue td be a.head." Much of our rail transportation makes from a bulky adolescent groping through He pauses, the mumble of traffic muted. molasses seem speedy. It takes half again the tangles of international affairs to a giant there high above the street. "But I must con longer, and tn some cases twice as long; to among nations; :from a. country sometimes fess that I'm a little more worried a.bout move perishable food from the West to the arrogant in confidence of its destiny to one conditions in the country that heretofore, East Coast as it did 20 years ago. Instead that, now, often dubts itself and its navi particularly the economic situation. This of more refrigerated ca.rs to haul food, the gation. country and no other country can afford to be railroads today own less than one-third as In his 24 years as a senator, there was little as reckless in expenditures and. government many as in 1968. At any given time, an aver of major import in which Wheeler wa.s not spending as we've been. And we've used. our age of nearly 90 % of the railroad ca.rs 1n immersed-from the Tea pot Dome scandal Tesources recklessly. The gas and energy the U.S. are standing stlll, empty. One re dogged by his senior colleagues from Mon shortage may wake up the American people sult: More food must be carried by trucks, tana., Sen. Thomas J. Walsh, to the investi to what could happen in other areas," he says. driven by drivers who may earn $25,000 gation of Harry M. Daughtery's Ohio Gang; A massive stu1fed buffalo head gazes down annually. the heady days of the New Deal and Wheeler's on the office and dozens of pictures of One more fact for mediation: Mainly be opposition to FDR's "court packing" plan and the mighty figures 1n recent history. Then cause of anti-backhaul laws. up to 40% of the brutal debate over U.S. entry into World. was then and. now is now. the trucks on the road run Without a load. Wa:r II. "I don't think Nixon should resign or be Cost: $250 million. Historians Jona.than Daniels called him a impeached," he says, "not because of the A simple item like an orange is handled "brass knuckler battler." Wheeler was the re man himself but from the standpoint of 17 separate times from tree to table. Apples cipient of less complimentary descriptions, what it would do to the office of the Presi a.re packed in containers of 40 different sizes spanning the political spectrum-radical, dent. It wouldn't be good for the country. and shapes, none of which fit a standard Commun!St, pro-German, conservative, iso And whatever else, he's done a good Job in grocery shipping pallet. The 8,000 most com lationist. He bore them all with the imper foreign affairs." mon items in a food warehouse are pack turbabllity of one sure o:t his footing. Watergate and its curious ripples don't aged in 2,650 different sizes, reducing auto "They said I was an 1Solatlonist," he re constitute a first-rate scandal in the eyes .of mated handling. flected. the other day, "but only to the extent a man who went to the mat with Harry Federal, state and local regulations add that I wanted to keep out of the war. When Daugherty who, finally, was forced out of unnecessary mlllions of dolla.rs to the cost Japan attacked, I was one of the first to say the Cabinet. of food. A single change by a single state in we had to lick the hell out of them. "I hold no brief With what's been done," the ingredients required to be listed on "I felt that if we hadn't gotten into it, Hit says Wheeler. "I think it was deplorable and sausage labels added $75,000 a year to con ler and Staltn would have fought it out until those who took part should be prosecuted." sumer costs. Absurdly confusing packaging one was in the hospital and the other in the The past again is fresh. "What they did and inspection requirements further boost coffin." 1n the last campaign was child's play." grocery prices. He leans back in the leather swivel chair, And Wheeler recalls 1920, for example, This is by no means a complete list. It is shadowed by a pervasive past. "I said that when he acquired the nickname "Boxcar barely a beginning. But its at lea.st a sample what we were doing would make the world Burt" after finding it prudent to spend the of the sort of things someone should be tell sa.fe for commun!Sm," he recalls, "but I was night inside one that served as a remote rail ing consumers about who is really responsible also one of the few, in 1923, to say we ought road station as a group of angry anti-Wheel for the exorbitant cost of food. Let's stop to recognize Russia. One paper said I should erites panted outside · to administer more trying to kid our customers. be deported-where to, I asked, back to Mas than rhetoric and were dissuaded only by a sachusetts?" friend of the candidate's who threatened to He calls himself, "Yankee from the West," "fill them full of lead." 1n his autobiography, published a decade ago. And in 1925, when as a. result of his unre Born in Hudson, Mass., on Feb. 27, 1882, Bur lenting pursuit of Daugherty, that attorney BURTON K. WHEELER, THE ECHO OF ton Wheeler drifted across the continent, general trumped up an indictment of AN ERA through the University of Michigan la.w Wheeler and the U.S. Senator was tried on an school, to Butte, Mont. tnfiuence charge. It was a familiar course to thousands of "I was never wop1ed,'' he says and grins. HON. DICK SHOUP young Easterners in those early years of a "The jury stayed out Just long enough to new century. The Pacific Coast was Wheeler's take two votes-one to go to dinner at gov OF MONTANA goal. But, waiting for a train in Butte, the ernment expense and the other to acquit me." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES young lawyer sat in a poker game near the OUtside the 15th Street office, it now 1s Monday, March 4, 1974 depot. Shortly Wheeler was broke. A young Watergate and credibllity and the integrity dude was easy pickings in those robust years of institutions. The man who once was Mr. SHOUP. Mr. Speaker, recently Mr. for a. couple of Butte card sharks. called "the most dangerous radical tn Con Woody West of the Washington Star Burton K. Wheeler, the "heady days" be gress" wa.tches With a mixture of bemuse News wrote a tribute to former Senator hind him, is stlll working. ment and concern. from Montana, Burton K. Wheeler. Sen Wheeler made necessity a vehicle and set "When somebody says this business today up practice there in Silver Bow County. 1s worse than Tea.pot Dome or the Ohio Gang, ator Wheeler's services to his State and Those were the years when Montanans they don't know what the hell they're talk Nation are well known and he is held in were vassals. When they spoke of "the com ing about," he says and the office hears the high regard by all who know him. Sena pany," it meant one thing-the Anaconda Breeze of History. t.or Wheeler is firmly established as one Copper Mining Co., that controlled the life of the great leaders in our history. Ac of the state, economic, social and political. cordingly, I submit for the RECORD the Wheeler became a vociferous opponent, a comments by Mr. West about Montana's course that in those days usually hr.ought CHESTER L. WASHINGTON great Burton K. Wheeler: rapid and effective anonymity. Not for B. K. Wheeler, as several generations of Montan BURTON K. WHEELER, THE ECHO OF AN ERA ans knew him. He was appointed district at (By Woody West) torney for the state, served in the Montana Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke The small office high over 15th Street ls House of Representatives, and was massively OF CALIFORNIA crowded with yesterday. It echoes, when defeated 1n his 1920 campaign as a Demo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sen. Burton K. Wheeler begins to speak, with crat for the statehouse. the fury of old political campaigns, with iS Two yea.rs later, however, he was elected to Monday, March 4, 1974 sues that shaped the present with the dignity the U.S. Senate, joining Walsh, another Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak and ugliness renerated in the contention of tenacious Montana maverick, and served for er, under leave to extead my remarks in confilcting interests. 24 years. In 1924, Wheeler ran as vice presi the RECORD, I include the following: Wheeler will be 92 this month. Except for dential candidate on Sen. Robert M. (Bob) the several months that the farmer senator LaFollette's Progressive party ticket, and RESOLUTION spends in Montana each year, he dally is in went down to defeat before the laconic Cool Whereas, Chester L. Washington, editor and his offtce at the law :flrm of Wheeler & Wheel- idge. The tide of reform was running out of publisher of the Central News-Wave Publica- CXX-325-Pa.rt 4 5152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974 tlons of Los Angeles, has had a dlstinguished A resolution was adopted Sept. 24, 1973, at ASIAN TEETH ARE NEEDED FOR newspaper career for more than five decades, the Connecticut State Labor Council's con GENEVA CONVENTIONS and; vention in Hartford praising his contribu Whereas, Mr. Washington broke new tions to labor as a General Assembly lobby ground ln hls field, :first as the flnt Black ist and for his work to establish a colleotive HON·. OLIN E. TEAGUE full-time reporter for the Los Angeles Mlrror bargaining law for municipal employees. OF TEXAS News and later as publisher of the central The IAFF Executive Board, meeting in and Southwest News, lea.ding free weekly Washington, D.C. at the time of Brother IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Negro owned newspaper ln Los Angeles Coun Kershner's death, also adopted a resolution Monday, March 4, 1974 ty, and; praising him for his ma.ny years of service Whereas, Chester Washington has still to fire fighters on local, state and national Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, in Janu found time to participate ln many commun levels. ary's Army magazine an article by MJi.J. ity and civic activities and ls currently Vice Born in Bridgeport, he was a lifelong resi Gen. Hayden L. Boatner, U.S. Army, re Chairman of the Los Angeles County Parks dent. He was a Navy veteran of World War II, tired, discussed the past and future pris and Recreation Commission, serving in the Pacific. oner of war problem. Therefore, be it known thls 13th day of Brother Kershner represented fire fighters The article is a scholarly one and de December 1973, that we are in recognition tn collective bargaining thoughtout the state mands the attention of the general public of hls unprecedented contributiollS to the until 1971 and helped to write labor con devepoment of Los Angeles' Black commun tracts. and Members of Congress. I recommend ity. It ls further directed that this resolu He leaves his wife, Mrs. Eva. M. Renzulll the article to you: tion be entered int.o the Congressional Kershner, and two daughters, Monica Kersh WE MUST PROTECT F'uTuRE POW's-AsIAN Record. ner a.nd Lea.h Kershner, all at home: his TEETH ABE NEEDED FOB GENEVA CONVEN mother, Mrs. MolUe Kershner of Bridgeport TIONS and three brothers. (By Maj. Gen. Haydon L. Boatner, TRIBUTE TO HANK KERSHNER U.S. Army, Retired) (American prisoners of wa.r have suffered tar more in Asian captivity than anywhere HON. RONALD A. SARASIN BILL TO MAKE AVAILABLE CERTAIN else in our mllita.ry experience. A mechanism OF CONNECTICUT LANDS TO REPLACE CARLANNA is needed to p·revent such abuse, something IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CREEK DAM, ALASKA other tha.n the Geneva Conventions which &re re:flections of Western values without Monday, March 4, 1974 validity in Asia.) Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, as an ex Never before in American history have pris oner-of-war considerations played such a pression of my sympathy to his famlly HON. DON YOUNG 011' ALASKA vital role in negotiations for a cease-fire or and my appreciation for his work, I peace. And never before have Americans been would like to bring to the attention of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so emotionally united in expressions of grati my colleagues the death of Leonard B. Monday, March 4, 1974 tude to and solicitude for their mllitary men held captive. Now, in the wake of Vietnam, "Hank" Kershner. Mr. H1s dedication to the International As YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, on while emotions and national interest are so sociation of Firefighters res·ulted in sig November 7, 1973, the Persident declared high, let us hope that common intelligence, nificant benefits to firefighters, particu the Carlanna Dam area of Ketchikan, coupled with the awareness of recent experi Alaska, a disaster. The declaration was ences, wlll force our government to take long larly those in Connecticut. Having had made after the Carlanna Creek Dam needed steps. the opportunity to work with Hank dur We must do something to obtain more hu ing my service in the Connecticut Gen burst, causing widespread damage to and mane treatment for all of our citizens held eral Assembly, I was impressed with his homes, roads, a bridge. In addition captive by Asian countries. Let us not con efforts on behalf of all municipal em to the damage suffered, the loss of this tinue to pay lip service to the Geneva Con ployees, and firemen in particular. reservoir has threatened the supply of ventions, :flouted by our enemies in our last I would like to share with you the tri water to the city. three wars in Asia. bute paid to Hank which was published In order to rebuild the dam, certain The Japanese POW camps of World War ll, lands must be conveyed from the Federal the North Korean prison camps in the early in the February issue of International 1950s, and the detention facll1ties in Viet Firefighter magazine: Government to the State. The intent of this bill is to make this land available to nam provided barbaric and savage treatment HANK KERSHNER, 58, DD:s IN BRIDGEPORT the State of Alaska, which will in turn, to our men. Admittedly, we could do nothing Leonard B. (Hank) Kershner, 53, died Jan for any one set of prisoners while the various uary 15 in Bridgeport, Conn., after a long convey the land to the city of Ketchikan. wars were going on. But we surely are honor lllness. At the time of his death he was an It is important to the citizens of Ketch bound to try to do something now to pre IAFF Sta1f Rep. ikan that this measure be approved as vent such treatment in the future. We did Brother Kershner was appointed a Stair soon as possible, so that construction of try, fruitlessly, after World War II and Korea. Rep by President Mcclennan ln December, the dam may proceed. We must not fall again. 1971. Shortly after his appointment he was The bill follows: The failure of international POW agree used extensively a.s a Trustee for the Fed. A bfil to make available to the city of Ketch ments-notably the Geneva Conventions- Fire Fighters of Calif. and was instrumental ikan, Alaska, certain lands necessary to requires a brief account of their evolution. ln helping to resolve their financial diftl the replacement of the Carlanna Creek All have been made in Europe; our men have culties. Dam suffered inhumane treatment largely in Asia. President Mcclennan called Brother Kersh Political philosophers and theologians in ner "one of the most talented men I ever Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Europe began during the 16th and 17th cen knew. He was a gentleman, intelUgent and .Representatives of the United States of turies to condemn execution, enslavement a ma.n of great forbearance. His many skills America in Congress assembled, That not and ransoming of captured mllitary person and abllities wlll be deeply missed by this withstanding the provision of the Act en nel, pointing out that foreign soldiers were International." titled "An Act for the protection of the not common criminals. Time and experience President McClennan led a delegation of water supply of the city of Ketchikan, led to international agreements based on IAFF omcers to the funeral in Bridgeport. Alaska", approved July 27, 1939 (53 Stat. these European ideas. Included were James King, who represented 1131), all or any part of the lands described In current practice, the Hague Conven the Staff Reps. 3rd Dist. Vice President Mar in the first section of such Act shall be avail tions of 1899 and 1907 a.nd the Geneva Con tin Pierce and Dan Delegato, Director of Or able for selection by and transfer to the State ventions of 1929 a.nd 1949 are the important ganization. Over 600 fire fighters, state and of Alaska under the Alaska Statehood Act documents. Each of these agreements origi city officials stood in six-degree temperature for the purpose of making such lands avail nated soon after the end of a war. The most at Brother Kershner's funeral. able to the city of Ketchikan, Alaska. recent, the Geneva Convention of 1949, Brother Kershner wa.s a member of the SEC. 2. On and after the date of transfer to directed its attention largely to the displaced Bridgeport Fire Department from 1946 to his the State of Alaska, the provisions of such persons of Eastern Europe and the delayed retirement in 1971. Act of July 27, 1939, shall not be applicable return of many thousands of Germans and He was president of Bridgeport Local 834 with respect to any such lands so transferred. J.apanese held by the Russians. 1'rom 1950 to 1970 and was secretary-treas SEC. 8. The acreage of lands transferred to For Asia, the ineffectiveness of the Ge urer of the Uniformed Fire Fighters Assoc1a the State of Alaska pursuant to this Act neva Conventions and of supervision by the tion of Connecticut from 1953 to 1971. shall be charged against the land grant en International Committee of the Red Cross He was executive vice-president of the titlement of the State under section 6 of the has been conclusively proved by recent his Connecticut State Labor Council from 1961 Alaska Statehood Act (72 Stat. 339, as amend tory. Like the League of Nations and the to 1973. ed; 48 U.S.C. prec. 21 note). United Nations, the Geneva Conventions March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5153 tried to encompass the needs and ideas of to be separated from distortion and "old other was beating to death with barbwire a great many countries of vastly different soldiers' " tales. fla.11&-the night before we moved a group cultures, with widely disparate ablllty to Albert D. Biderman's March to Calumny, of prisoners from one compound to another, live up to obligations. The resulting docu published in 1963, provided carefully re eight of their number died that way. The ments were nondeftnitlve, loosely worded and searched detalls and statistics and proved more subtle method was to force an intended. unenforceable. The Geneva Conventions pro to my satisfaction that the repatriation of victim to kneel while a full sack of rice wu vtde no penalties for noncompliance and POWs and their treatment prior to repatria· dropped on the back of his neck. A clean, establish no mechanism for determining ad tion was directly tied to the attitudes and sudden death: no blood nor bruises-Just herence or for compelling the fulfillment prorgess of the protracted peace talks at Pan a broken neck. of obligations. munjom. While Koreans and Chinese were tortur The greatest deficiencies in the care pro He said: "There were many fluctuations of ing and kllling other Koreans and Chinese Vided our captured men in Asia have been treatment for better or for worse, since the on Koje-do, as the Muslims and Buddhists inadequate medical treatment and food, as Chinese handling of the prisoners tended of India and Pakistan have done before and well as treatment that was cruel and inhu to reflect quite directly the fiuctuatlons of since, our own men were being captured, in man by our standards-but not necessarily the propaganda battle of the truce negotia carcerated and subjected to extreme bru by theirs. Statistics prove, and what misery tions." He agreed with the Department of tality intended to force them to defect. As they reveal, that in World War II our cap the Army, which stated as early as 1956 a professional soldier. I tried to carry out tured. men received much harsher treatment that, "the exhaustive etforts of several gov my orders, but I was and am convinced that from the Japanese than from the Europeans. ernment agencies failed to reveal even one the voluntary repatriation policy was 111- Por example, of 93,653 U.S. POWs in Eur conclusive documented case of actual 'brain advlsed. ope, only 576 died of ca.uses other than bat washing.' " In sum, inhuman treatment, yes; Vice Admiral C. Turner Joy, our first senior tle. Of the 24,992 Americans held in Japa brainwashing, no. The point 1s that the im negotiator at Panmunjom, evidently felt nese custody in the Paclflc, 8,452 died of pact of true facts was lessened by emotional somewhat the same. He wrote: non-battle causes. The ratios were six per overklll. "'Voluntary repatriation' placed the wel 1,000 in Europe to 338 per 1,000 in Asia. Of great potential danger to our own men fare of ex-Communist soldiers above that of FU.rthermore, upon liberation only 36 per 1n future wars was a pollcy 1n reference to our own United Nations Command person cent of those released from European pris the repatriation of POWs that was first in nel 1n Communist prison camps, and above ons required hospltallza.tlon, compared to troduced. during the Korean War. Every that of our United Nations Command per 95 percent of those released from Japanese World War n prisoner we held was forced sonnel stlll on the battle line in Korea. . . . camps. Our Veterans Administration records to return to his fatherland. And our courts The United Nations Command sutfered at for the latter group also show an exorbitant upheld this policy even for the few who sued least 50,000 casualties in the continuing Ko death rate during the two years following to remain here by virtue of dual-citizenship rean War while we argued to protect a lesser release. status. number of ex-Communists who did not wtsh On the other hand, during World War II Yet, the same President, Harry S. Truman, to return to Communism." our own government established a very good who ordered that repatriation "at the point To my great rellef, our government never record for the custody of POWs in the United of the bayonet," ten years later procla.lmed saw fit to raise 1n Vietnam the question of States. Our 900 POW c1mps held in cus voluntary repatriation. But we should keep tody, with excellent treatment, 378,898 Ger the new and unheard-of policy of "voluntary repatriation." He vowed he would not force our fingers crossed. With changes in the Pres mans, 51,455 Italians and 5,435 Japanese. idency, Cabinet, Congress and clvlllan ad There 1s evidence that the German Govern the repatriation of the Chinese or North Koreans back to their countries of orlgtn. visors, strange things can happen again. ment became aware that their men were Now 1s the time for our government to face being well-treated and that our men held His successor, President Dwight D. Eisen squarely and aggressively the problem of get by them profited from it. hower, in a formal speech on 31 May, 1954, ting better treatment in any future wars for The record of the construction of the stated: our POWs. Let us admit that in our last Burma-Siam railway by Japan is also hor "The armistice in Korea, moreover, in three wars in Asia the Geneva Conventions ribly revealing. In 18 months, 18,000 out of augurated a new principle of freedom-pris did not protect our men. In none of those 46,000 POWs engaged in construction died oners of war are entitled to choose the side wars was the International Red Cross per (of a total of 150,000 involved during the to which they wish to be released.. In its mitted even to enter the Asian camps. Cer entire construction period, at least 60,000 impact on history, that one principle may tainly a new and hard look ls now indicated. are believed to have dled.) weigh more than any battle of our time." With only a few hundred American prisoners In spite of the post-World War II Geneva In 1966, the U.S. Department of the Army held in Vietnam, not one neutral nation Convention of 1949, our men held prisoner published an oftlclal volume on the history made a public otfer to accept the custody of in North Korea by the Chinese and North · of the Korean War, Truce Tent and Fight our men--e. service for which we would gladly Koreans were again given barbarous treat ing Front. On page 138, we read: "and since have repaid them many times over. The cul ment. ·Again, statlstlcs--which vary some voluntary repatriation was contrary to the tural gap between East and West 1s too vast, what but not enough to obscure the mes Geneva Convention anyway . . ." and the difference in standards of living too sage-provide the proof. One set states that Naturally enough, voluntary repatriation great, to allow us to expect acceptable cus of 7,190 imprisoned, 2,730 (38 percent) died as a principle led both sides to try to make todial care 1n the foreseeable future 1n Asi&- tn captivtty. Another set shows that of 7,908 propaganda points by seeking defections. By or for that matter, anywhere outside the U .s. prisoners, 3,993 survived and 3,915 "died May, 1952, we held 80,000 POWs on Koje "developed West." 1n enemy territory." Island and some 50,000 on the mainland of I have intentionally omitted any disc~ Unfortunately, U.S. public indignation at Korea. That month,, I became the comman sion of our POWs held in Vietnam for the that time mostly centered on our "21 turn dant of Koje-do--the 14th commandant in simple reason that I have had no experience coats" rather than on the treatment that some two years--and had to screen the with them and thus no first-hand knowledge. had been meted out to all our POWs. What North Korean and Chinese POWs remaining But in World War Il and Korea, I did have a pity and how 1llog1calf In our Civil War, there. I ra.pidly discovered that we were en considerable experience, which has been sup 3,170 Union POWs defected to the Confed gaged in ideological Indoctrination and prop plemented by later research and by my I; eracy and 5,452 Confederates defected to the a.gandizlng of prisoners. knowledge of Asians. It ts high time that our Union. On my second day on the island, our in government faces up to its duty to try again Not one senior U.S. oftlclal saw fit to defend formation and education section volunteered to do something to improve the treatment publicly the honorable record of the vast to lend me a Chinese interpreter. As he was American POWs can expect in any future built of the men who suffered in the Korean relating my remarks to the Chinese, I found conflict. POW camps. And the board of senior oftlclals him ad.ding "democratic principles" entirely Of course, I have no solution. But only as later convened to study the POW matter be foreign to my own words. He was unaware a starter, why not call upon the United Na came sidetracked from their enquiry into that I had served 11 years 1n China or with tions? They might work out arrangements the treatment of our POWs, bringing forth Chinese units and spoke the language. I for accepting custody of prisoners or for a code of conduct intended to decrease de fired him instantly and moved the I&E moving POWs to a neutral country and pro fections. No aggressive etforts were made to section otf the island. viding adequate care at the expense of the tnltlate reforms in the custodial treatment But I have no doubt that etforts to in country of origin. Perhaps some means could duce defections were frequent, and I am provided to American mllitary in Asian POW be agreed upon for penalizing any country camps. convinced that the principle of voluntary that refused to give U.N. personnel free access repatriation was the main reason for a to POW camps. The huge majority of our reading public major effort by the enemy to arrange for But whatever comes next, we must not was greatly lnfiuenced by the articles con capture of their own polltical omcers so again fall into the trap of negotiating an cerning our POWs repatriated soon after the that they could reach the POW compounds agreement essentially among the European end of the Korean War. Many of these were and organize a secret resistance to our ef countries, taking essentially European con written by JournaJ.f8ta whoee articles were forts-a resistance that went far beyond cepts and standards as the norm for all the rushed into print before the real facts had propaganda. world. More workable, more realistic ap been developed. Great emphasis was placed The most common method that the pris proaches to the care and custody of men on the .. 21 turncoats" and ..brainwashing." oners used on real or suspected recalcitrants captured while ftgh1ilng for our country are It took almost ten years for the true fact.a within their ranks was simple hanging; an- long oventue. 5154 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974 DR. AARON-ONE REASON AD.AIR this entire county had an assessed valuation of personal sacrifice. "It wasn't really a hard COUNTY HAS PRODUCED SO of only $4 milion," he said. "We were always ship on us; we just didn't think about it MANY DOCTORS worried about where the money would come back then," she said. "They were fortunate from. We knew if we could get through the e,nough to get scholarships and fellowships, first year of medical school, it was likely we and they worked. They started working when HON. TIM LEE _CARTER could get a loan to help complete it." they were just big enough to have paper The doctors in the community back in OF KENTUCKY routes and would pull the papers aroun(l in those days were "the type of men you used their little red wagons." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to call humanitarians," Aaron said. "Dr. When the Callisons took their sons to Monday, March 4, 1974 Flowers . . . Dr. Miller . . . the whole bunch Bowling Green to enter Western Kentucky of those old timers were respected men who University, they "drove them down in the Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, I am practiced sound medicine here. They weren't laundry truck." pleased to include in the RECORD an ar concerned with amassing a lot of wealth." "If we'd stopped and thought about it, ticle about Dr. Oris Aaron of Columbia, When Aaron went off to the University ot we'd probably never started the first one Ky. Dr. Aaron has spent many years Louisv111e Medical School, "I didn't go on a through medical school," Mrs. Callison said. contributing his time and energy to bus or anything like that," pe said. "I hitched Though the CalUson boys didn't. start their health care delivery in his area of Ken a ride on a milk truck, and when I came education at Lindsey Wilson College, both home for Christmas, I rode out to the house newspaper publisher Waggener 'and Wallace tucky. He has also had an impact on on a mule." the career choices of many of the area's Coomer, superintendent of Adair County The area's low economic status hasn't been Schools, agreed~ with Aaron's belief that the young people. entirely a detriment, according to Aaron. junior college has played a major role in I believe that my colleagues will find "The economic level, together with the fact the area's physician production. this article of interest: that the people here have been more acutely "The college has been a big advantage for DR. AARoN--ONE REASON ADAm CouNTY HAs aware of health problems because of the the community," Waggener said. "I know PaonucED So MANY DocToRS problems they've had in obtaining health people who've gone on to pre-med somewhere, care, have probably worked to elevate the then returned to Lindsey Wilson, and the COLUMBIA, KY.-For one reason or another, standing of the medical community in the this sleepy little town on the edge of Ap school's given them the basis to go back to eyes of the community.'' Eastern, Western, UK or wherever and finish palachia has established itself as something Columbia presently has six doctprs, and of a physician factory. their pre-med studies." · ' Aaron said he sometimes feels "we receive Coomer also acknowledged the college's In recent years Columbia's 3,000 or so citi more recognition than we're entitled to." role, but said he thought a major factor ~ zens and those in surrounding Adair County Nevertheless, others asked about Co have not only produced a surprising number Columbia's physician production was the lumbia's high production of and regard for respect the town's doctors have always had. of medical students and doctors, but doc physicians all agreed that, at least in this tors with national reputations. area, when the citiZens began looking for "At the time I was growing up in a rural Any conversation with community leaders leaders in the community, they turned to section of the county, several sections had here reveals pride in the city's contribution either educators or doctors. physicians who'd nde on horseback to treat to the medical community, and though no "When you began looking for people who patients," he said. "They commanded a great one knows exactly how many doctors the were educated, outside of a. couple of Ph. D's deal of the community's respect, and the area has produced, a list of physicians and at the college, the smartest people in town doctors we have now have that same respect medical students from the Columbia area were the doctors," said Dr. Robert Goodin, and admiration of the community." compiled by Dr. Oris Aaron, a local surgeon, a Columbia native who's now chief of cardi In addition to Aaron 'and his sons, Goodlln, carries 40 names. and William and James ·caUison, oth~l' phy ology at Louisvllle General Hospital. sicians from Columbia include Dr. Harol
out. They are searching for new and OUR FUTURE fa.taJ. attacks of heart and respiratory dis valid life styles. They have a lot of faith Our future hopes, plans, desires for per eases can be expected from ' a given increase sonal achievement. Our jobs, education, fam in pollution of the atmosphere by the sulfur and hope and love in their hearts; and I dioxide created when power plants burn coal. have confidence in the America of tomor ily, security for our children and their chil dren. Our happiness and freedom to pursue The scientists fear th&t in an "at risk" row because of the youth of today. our personal goals. The future of our com- population estlma.ted at 21 million, serious munity, our state and our nation. ' and fa.ta.I attacks CY! heart and respiratory diseases wlll increase by 20 to 40 per cent over OUR FREEDOM ~ present levels. Currently, a.bout 5,000 per HUMAN GOALS-VALUES FOR Yes, freedom to believe in justice, dignity, sons in this category die of cardiovascular LIVING law and order and human rights. Freedom diseases annually; about 50,000 suffer respira to think. Freedom to choose. Freedom to tory attacks. elect. Freedom to pray. Freedom to work. The "at risk" population includes smok Freedom to discuss and freedom to a.ct with ers, pregnant women, elderly persons with HON. TOM R~ILSBACK in the boundaries of just Jaws. chronic heart conditions and Yictims of ap OP ll.LXNOIS Major Storeys "Fabulous Five" are ageless proximately 50 diseases, including chronic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and timeless. Tuey fit any calendar in Amer bronchitis and emphysema. ica's history. On what better foundation Another characteristic of the persons "at Monday, March 4, 1974 could we build the peace for future genera risk" is that they a.re already exposed to high tions? levels of sulfur dioxide in the atmospher~ Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, re yearly averages exceeding 100 micrograms per cently, one of my constituents, Maj. Rob cubic meter of air. They live in cities of at ert E. Miller of Galva, ru., was desig lea.st 10,000 population, including Washing nated by the 1973 National Awards jury ton, Baltimore, Detroit, New York, Boston. as recipient of the Defender of Freedom THE ENERGY CRISIS AND ENDAN and Chicago. Award. GERED HEALTH The study-done by a panel of 10 special The Freedom Foundation, which made ists in disciplines including epidemiology, the presentation, is a nonprofit, non safety, genetics and statistics-is said to be partisan, nonsectarian organization dedi HQN-. DONALD M. FRASER the only one to estimate the number of "ex OF MINNESOTA cess" deaths and acute respiratory and car cated to strengthening America through diovascular attacks resulting from the use greater citizenship responsibilities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of coal to generate electric power. The APHA, The credo states: Monday, March 4, 1974 source declined to name the panel members. To personally understand and maintain The source said the study was begun more the American Way of Li!e, to honor it by his Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, An un than a. year ago, is in its "final stages" and own exemplary conduct, and to pass it intact published American Public Health Will be published in about two months. to succeeding generations ts the respons1- Assoclation-APHA-study reportedly Last year, power plants using coal turned b111ty of every true American. out 0.8 quadrillion (Btu's) of energy. If the questions the advisability of current planned conversion goes through, the figure Over the years, at least 30,000 jury plans to _convert oil and gas burning pow will increase to 1.1 quadrlllion Btu's. selected awards have been granted for erplants to .coal. APHA scientists have According to the study, that increase will spiritual, civic, educational, and' eco warned that the proposed switch may elevate sulfur-dioxide levels sufficiently to nomic activities. Major Miller was well threaten the lives of persons suffer induce approximately 500 deaths among awarded the George Washington Honor ing from heart and respiratory diseases. adults with chronic heart disease and bring The Energy Emergency Act just about 16,800 attacks of respiratory disea.se Medal for his entry in the Letters from at least severe enough to require medica Armed Forces. I would like to commend passed by Congress includes a provision tion-among children under five yea.rs af age. Major Miller for his fine letter, and also, for conversion of powerplants to coal. If In the Senate Tuesday, a.n effort will be for the review of my colleagues, insert the act becomes law the Federal Energy ma.de to return the emergency energy bill to the text of that letter for the review Administration must exercise the great a. House-Senate conference committee, partly of my colleagues. I know it will be an est restraint 1n the number of conver because of the conversion provision. sions authorized and fully consider pub But the conference committee includes a. inspiration to all of us. powerful contingent of coal-state legisla The letter follows: lic health factors in each case. I call Members' attention to the fol tors-among them. Rep. Harley O. Staggers HUMAN GOALS-VALUES FOR LIVING (D-W. Va.), chairman of the House Com Major Thoma.c; Gordon Storey returned to lowing account of the unreleased APHA znerce Committee; Sen. Jennings Randolph speak to his hometown High School Com study in the February 16 issue of the (D-W. Va..), cha.irma.n of the Senate Public mencement class in June of 1973 after more Washington Post. Works Committee, and Sen. Howard H. Baker. than six years as a. prisoner of the North The article follows: Jr. (R-Tenn.). Vietnamese. _ [From the Washington Post, ~eb. 16, 1974] Opponents of the provision have received During years of 1sola.t1on and captivity this little support in the conference committee SHIFT TO COAL SEEN SHORTENING LIVBs from Capitol Hill's two principal authors of ma.n's values-his goals were in his words (By Morton Mintz) "'these fablilous five"~Fa.ith, Family, Friends, clean-air legislation, Rep. Paul G. Rogers Future and Freedom. I believe these might Thousands of persons with hea.rt and (D-Fla.), chairman of the House Health and have been some of Major Storeys thoughts as respiratory dlsee.ses wlll die prematurely if Environment Subcommittee, and Sen. Ed he a.waited return to his homeland-our be plans go through for a massive'conversion of mund S. Muskie (D-Maine), chairman of the loved America.. power plants to coal, American Public Health Senate Subcommittee on Air and Water Pol FAITH Association sc1ent1sts warn. lution. Both favor conversion to coal. Our fa.1th to pray-To pray for strength Tens of thousands more persons with such to endure whatever life requires. Faith to diseases wlll suffer acute attacks, according believe in answered prayer and strength to the scientists, who have made an unpub from an Almighty God. Faith to overcome lished study for the association. THE 56TH ANNIVERSARY OF LITH The NiXon administration has asked con human failings and to forgive one·~ fellow .. UANIAN INDEPENDENCE man. ~ gress to give Federal Energy Office Director FAMll.Y Wllllam E. Simon authority to order all power plants that can convert to coal to do so. HON. CHARLES W. SANDMAN The blessings of famlly ties. The strength, The id.ea ls to free the scarce on and nat determination and love of a. wife. The pa ural gas now burned by the power plants for OF NEW JERSEY tience and dedication of a mother. The sac other uses. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rifice of a. father. The adoration of a. son and The proposal 1s now part of the emergency Monday, March 4, 1974 a daughter. The inner "Fortress" of belong energy bill that would, among other things, ing and havihg your own family and being give President Nixon authority to ration Mr. SANDMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Feb a part of God's family. . gasoline. The blll is schedule<:: for a vote in ruary 16, Americans of all nationalities OUB FRIENDS. the Senate TUesda.y. joined with the American Lithuanians in Having fr~ds-F;rlends from childhood, Capitol Hlll opponents of the conversion celebrating the 56th anniversary of their from school, from within yow church, from proposal told The Washington Post of the APHA study and an a.ssocla.tlon source con proclamation of independence. However, work. Friends Who help and who need help. is The Neigp.bor, Doctor, Pastor a.nd the Paper finned its existence yesterday. in Lithuania itself, the celebration not boy. The multitude of dally incidents where The APHA commissioned the study before so joyous. Although February 16, 1918, lives touch to communicate our human needs the conversion proposal was made. It is essen marks the date of the Lithuani~n Proc f-0r ourselves a.nd for our offerings to others. tially a. projection CY! how many serious and lamation of Independence, these cour- 5164 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974 a,geous people are again living under the the Aid for International Development gressional District, however, ending suppression of the Russians. program, has spent $129 m1llion to airlift controls of all kinds is a lot more popular The free world mus·t not rest until 500,000 metric tons of food to the Sahel, than impeachment. the Soviets withdraw their army, police, about 46 percent of all food shipments These are indications from the ques and ruling apparatus from Lithuania, so from the countries answering the world tionnaire which I sent to 10,000 house the people of Lithuania may freely elect wide call for help. Even though the en holds in February. I got a return of 15 a government of their own choosing. tire massive relief effort averted wide percent, which is well above normal for On this historic occasion, the most spread starvation, some African diplo questionnaires of this sort. fitting commemoration we can off er to mats have called this aid too little and The poll returns from the impeach the brave citizens of Lithuania, the too late. In 1973 the expected late-sum ment question were surprising: Thirty heroes who have died in the quest of mer rains failed to come: greater relief percent favor impeachment, 70 percent Lithuanian liberty, and the countless efforts will be needed to avert mass star oppose. In the 1972 election, Richard relatives and friends of Lithuanian in the vation again this year. Meanwhile, the Nixon carried the 14th District over United States, is the reaffirmation that basic problem remains un·solved: how to Senator GEORGE McGOVERN by 75.2 per the cause of Lithuanian freedom has not redevelop the land so that it can revital cent to 24.7 percent, leaving one-tenth been forgotten and the struggle for it ize itself and break the cycle of drought. of one percent for the Socialist Labor will continue until won. What drought-stricken Africa needs ls and the Communist candidates. a Marshall plan. There is no reason why Thus, the poll suggests that the past wartime destruction need be a precondi 10 months of Watergate publicity has tion to American-financed reconstruc not moved many Nixon partisans to DEATH IN THE SAHEL tion and rehabilitation schemes. Because favor impeachment of the President. A the situation is so urgent, we must in word of caution: My questionnaire is crease our assistance to the Sahel as not a scientific sampling. I believe it is HON. LOUIS STOKES soon as possible. Fortunately, there are reasonably close to accurate, but it is 01' OHIO several American organizations through more likely to tell which way the politi ~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which we can act immediately. cal wind is blowing than tell how hard. The poll suggests that most people in Monday, March 4, 1974 One such organization is Africare, a Washington-based group which has con the 14th District want to end wage con Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, at a dis sistently demonstrated imagtnwtive and trols and end price controls-except on tance of thousandf:l of miles, the tale of dynamic leadership in addressing the oil-and do not want gasoline rationing. death in the Sahel might seem as dry as problems of the African drought. In little The suggestion of a permanent relaxa the Sahara. Yet the immense Sahara is more than 6 months, Africare has raised tion of pollution control did not fare well burying six nations, and the herdsmen almost a quarter of a million dollars for in the poll. and farmers who live there, at an ac short-term relief projects. The money The detail of the replies: celerated rate of 2 ¥:? miles a month. has come from small contributors, those Favor Oppose Five years of little or no rain f ollowlng who could afford to give only $5 or $10. Ending Wage Controls: (Pct.) (Pct.) generations of overgrazing have left hun Those funds are used to mount relief Men ------69.3 30.7 dreds of thousands of square miles of projects across the Sahel. Women------65.5 34.5 West Africa in the worst drought of the Total ------67.4 32.6 But Africare has also come up with Ending Price Controls: century. And the area of devastation is plans for redevelopment of the land growing. Not only the Sahelian na Men ------59.5 40.5 and has already begun putting them into Women ------57.3 42.7 tions-Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, practice. After close study of the d11f er Total ------58.4 41.6 Upper Volta, and Chad-but now Ni ent needs of herdsmen and farmers, Af Implementing o! Gasoline Rationing: geria and Cameroon have been invaded, ricare has designed plans for redevelop Men ------30.8 69.2 and to the East, Ethiopia, Somalia, and ment starting at the village level. Among women ------26.6 73.4 Kenya. The nations hardest hit so far, its programs are the sinking of new Total ------28.7 71.3 those in the Sahel or border region just New Tax Incentives to Encourage 011 and wells; controlled livestock breeding; in Gas Exploration: South of the Sahara, are among the tercountry reforestation and reseeding poorest countries on Earth. Men ------45.7 54.3 projects; development of grazing enclo Women ------40.1 59.9 In Mali, for instance, so many people sures and cattle-feeding stations; and Total ------42.9 57.1 live so entirely on the meager grain crop training for new market skills including Controlling 011 Prices: they grow themselves, that the term "per garden farming and meat/hide-related Men ------60.9 39.1 capita income" means nothing. About industries. The building of a series of Women ------60.7 39.3 the only ''wealthy" people in Mall are dams along the Niger River is a grander Total ------60.8 39.2 the nomadic herdsmen. There is about Permanent Relaxation o! Pollution controls: and more controversial scheme. Men ------33.6 66.4 one head of beef cattle for every citi But without bold action, taken imme zen-5 million-and twice as many sheep women ------25.6 74.4 diately, and without a large investment Total ------29.6 70.4 and goats. Cattle on the hoof-80,000 or of American dollars, the Sahara will not Impeachment: Should the House Impeach more a year-are Mali's principal·export. be held back, and it is only a matter of President Richard Nixon? Coastal nations like Nigefi.a and Came time before West Africa will all be sand Men ------29.7 70.3 roon depend on Mali for meat. But be and bones. Women ------30.3 69,7 cause of the drought, 20 percent of the Total ------30.0 70.0 cattle are dead throughout Mall-60 per cent or more in the desolate northern re gion surrounding Timbuktu. Since rain has fallen very little in the last 5 years, PEOPLE ANSWER ERLENBORN POLL AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL COL the grazing pastures have dried up and LEGE ANNUAL MODEL CONGRESS the sun has burnt them off, making pos HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN sible faster encroachment by the Sahara. 01' ILLINOIS HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND The devastation wrought by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF !rlASSACHUSETTS drought will be social and political as IN" THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES well as economic. Herdsmen and farm Monday, March 4, 1974 Monday, March 4, 1974 ers are trekking to the cities and vil Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, our lages-and to unemployment. Along the colleagues and others who read the Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, American way whole families are dying of menin CONGRESSIONAL RECORD may be h1terested International College held its 34th an gitis, cholera, and malnutrition. The in knowing that, according to a poll I nual Model Congress in February of this whole thrust of these nations for self recently conducted, men are a little year. The Model Congress attracts stu sUfllciency has been severely retarded in more in favor of ending wage controls dents from all over New England, New some cases. But with help they can get than women are; and women are a little York, and New Jersey, and provides them moving again. more in favor impeaching President with practical experience on how Amer To date the United States, through Nixon than men. In IDinois' 14th Con- ican democracy works and actual gov- March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5165 ernment operations. Several scholarships FORD, Governors Hoff of Vermont and on enzyme production, for example, could are offered to the most outstanding par Dempsey of Connecticut, Senators GRA solve many problems now encountered on earth in this field of human study. ticipants of each Model Congress. VEL of Alaska and HATFIELD of Oregon, Metal processing that cannot be done eas Every school may sponsor one piece of and former Democratic National Com ily-if at all--on earth becomes relatively legislation to be considered and debated mittee Chairman Lawrence O'Brien have simple 1n space, opening the way to new by the Congress. The bills, which are in delivered keynote addresses at the Con knowledge about material properties and troduced by the students, must be ap gress and have received honorary degrees processes, and ultimately to valuable new proved by a committee and then sent to from American International College. products for commercial use on earth. one of the Houses for a vote. This legisla The first duty of citizenship gives a The process of crystalllzation, relatively free of distortion in space, permits produc tion represents an amazingly accurate thorough knowledge of government and tion of crystals with chemical homogeneity indication of the thoughts of the youth its functions. AIC's Model Congress, the and structural perfection. Their physical of this country. It consists of subjects first of its kind in the United States, has properties can then be compared with theo ranging from drugs to poverty to the endowed generations of young people retical values for ideal crystals. One end military. The legislation considered by with this knowledge and with the poli result w1ll be a dramatic improvement in the Model Congress this year follows: tical skills they need to "work within communications. MODEL PuBLIC LAws--34TH ANNUAL MODEL the system." Clearly these examples are still in the CONGRESS category of scientlftc curiosity, experimenta tion, or long-term speculation. Nevertheless lH-"To establish in the Federal Bureau scientists are opttmlstic that the phenomena of Investigation the practice of destroying encountered in experiments to date can be an individual's records, kept by said orga SPACE SPINOFF-SATELLITES GIVE exploited industrially. and applied to every nization, of a specifl.c federa.l crime for which EARTH NEW VISTAS day problems on earth. This will happen, that individual was arrested by the Federal they predict, as soon as the space shuttle Bureau of Investigation, if and when he is now being developed permits easy, routine acqUitted of that specifl.c federal crime 1n a HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE access to space. They look forward to ad United States' Court of Law." OJ' TEXAS vances in medicine, communications, mate 28-"To repeal subsection 509 (b) Public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rial processing, and manufe.cturing tech Law 91-518 (Comprehensive Drug Abuse Pre niques. vention and Control Act of 1970) ." Monday, March 4, 1974 Meanwhile, little is being said publicly SH-"To maintain the ecological balance Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, in the Feb about a revolutionary, but highly practical, of marine llfe by restricting foreign en approach to managing the natural resources croachment on America's natural ftshing ruary 13, 1974, issue of the Air Force of the world using data obtained from the rights." Times an article by Col. William c. man launched satelllte called ER.TS (Earth 48-"To provide a professional counseling Moore t ' March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5175 services. I will oppose the passage of any dated insurance premiums, on the other Under the administration proposal, bill that unleashes insurance companies to hand, are taxes whose rates are estab consumers would not be assured they vastly Increase their profits on Amer1C&Il8, lished on a case-by-case basis behind can get a doctor. CHIP does nothing to while doing nothing to assure them better the closed doors of the board rooms and train more doctors or make certain one care. actuarial departments of the giant com is available when needed. Patients would Business Week reports that the insur mercial insurance corporations. not be assured clinics, mental health ance companies, under the administra Under the administration plan, fam centers, or hospital beds. CHIP takes no tion plan, "would double their present ilies would have to pay their $150 pre responsibility for providing facilities. 1973 annual premium income of better mium plus $1,500 in allowable medical CHIP subscribers would not be assured than $26 billion." This no doubt will also bills in a single year before the Govern a fair health insurance premium that double the $3.3 billion in profits and ment would take over all expenses. To they or their employers can afford, be overhead the companies retained last reach this $1,500 level, however, a family cause insurance companies can charge year. would have to incur about $5,000 in medi up to 150 percent of the going rate- Under CHIP, the insurance companies cal bills in a year. This is because of $936 a year-for anyone in a "high risk" would no longer have any risks at all cost-sharing deductible expenses in the group. and the whole principle of insurance plan. H.R. 22 relies on stronger Govern would be negated. All the companies The CHIP deductibles are so high that ment control than the administration would do, essentially, would be keeping it is estimated only one American in four plan and sets national standards of qual records. The Government would become would get any benefits in a given year. ity care. their salesman. It would be better-more Families would have to pay for the first Under CHIP, much of the control is efficient, effective, and economical-to $150 in annual medical expenses for each left to the States, which could then di put national health insurance in the person-with a maximum of three such vide into regions. There is no overall proven and capable hands of the Social deductibles a year per family-and 25 overseer in or out of government. With Security Administration. This is what percent of the bills above that level, plus each State or region virtually running H.R. 22 would do. Reliance on hundreds $118.80 a year medicare tax. In addition, its own show, there is the potential of of private insurance companies and the family also would pay the first $50 50 to several hundred different plans and health protection plans would not only per person-up to $150 per family-for pricing schedules. Some States could be an administrative nightmare but also prescription drugs. There would be no choose to stay out of the plan, as hap needlessly inflate overhead costs by more payments for covered services after the pened with medicaid, thus denying cov than $1 billion a year. family's bills hit $1,500 for that year. erage to thousands or even millions. In COSTS H.R. 22, on the other hand, requires a highly mobile society like ours, com no deductibles, no coinsurance, no $1,500 patibility of plans is vita.I if we are to The administration plan would cost a a void chaos. family of four at least $150 and as much expenditure, and no premiums to insur as $1,650 a year, depending on how much ance companies; instead, it pays all costs. The administration proposal lacks ade CHIP HITS MmDLE INCOME HARDEST quate, effective cost controls. It does health care it utilized. By contrast, un nothing to halt the runaway health care der the Health Security Act-H.R. 22- CHIP hits poor and middle-income costs of the past several years, leaving that family would pay a maximum of Americans hardest. A family earning less protection against increasing medical $150 a year depending on income-1 per than $2,500 a year will have to pay as costs, health insurance premiums, de cent of wages up to $15,000-regardless much as 6 percent of its income on medi ductibles, and coinsurance features en of how much illness it experienced. cal care before the Government assumes tirely in the hands of private insurance Financing for the administration plan all the costs. By comparison, a family companies, physicians, and other mem would be split two ways, with employers earning over $30,000 will have to pay only bers of the health care industry. paying 65 percent and employees 35 per 5 percent of its income before the Gov cent-the split would eventually go to ernment takes over paying all bills. Fee schedules would be established un 75 and 25. Hardest hit, however, is the family mak der CHIP for reimbursing doctors, but Taxes to pay for H.R. 22 would be col ing $10,000; it has to pay 15 percent of that would not prevent physicians from lected on the basis of income. Half the its income before reaching the $1,500 cut setting higher fees and making all but cost would come from general Federal off paint. a few patients pay the difference out of revenues and half from employer-em For the elderly, "out of pocket expenses their own pockets. The only patients who ployee taxes; employers would pay 3.5- will soar," according to the National could not be charged above the fee percent extra payroll tax and employees Council of Senior Citizens, which pre schedule would be those who are poor, would pay 1-percent extra payroll tax. dicts the average medicare hospital bill disabled, or considered high risks. And since doctors would not be required to The administration plan will cost the will be four times as large, going from participate in the CHIP program and Government billions-no one knows how $84 today to $342 under CHIP. In addi since they could receive less money for much. We do know, however, that it will tion, a 30-day hospital stay under CHIP treating these categories of patients, cost American families far more than would be nine times as costly, from to they are paying now and it will ulti day's $84 to $750. there would be no assurance these per mately cost more than the H.R. 22 health The National Council of Senior Citi sons could get treatment. In fact, there security program. That is largely because zens said the administration plan "helps would be an incentive in the administra people in terms of catastrophic health tion plan for doctors to refuse service to CHIP does little to stop skyrocketing these types of patients in favor of more health costs or to keep insurance com insurance but 95 percent of the elderly affluent ones. panies from finding new ways of enlarg will not be helped." ing their already enormous profits at the Many indigent persons would have to This could not happen under the pay more for health care under CHIP Health Security Act with its strong cost consumer's expense. controls and principle of equal coverage The President contends his plan would than they now do in most States under medicaid. Indigent veterans, who get free for all Americans regardless of means. not increase taxes and is, therefore, pref Health security program benefits cover erable to the health security program, treatment in VA hospitals for nonservice the entire range of personal health care which 1s wholly tax financed. In reality, connected illnesses when bed space is services, including prevention and early however, the "premiums" that both em available, would have to begin paying detection of disease, care and treatment, ployers and employees would be forced part of the costs under the administra and medical rehabilitation. There are no to pay are a mandated cost just like tion plan. cutoff dates, no coinsurance, no deducti taxes. Taxes, at least, have the virtue of DIFFERENCES AND LIMITATIONS bles, and no waiting periods. uniform rates which are decided upon The differences between H.R. 22 and Limitations in coverage are far fewer after open, public debate in the Congress CHIP are many. Some of the more sig than those in the admin1stration pro by the people's representatives. Man- nificant ones are: gram, as the chart below shows: CXX--326-Pa.rt 4 5176 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974 CHART NATIONAL HEALTH SECURITY PROGRAM, H.B. 22 COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH INSURANCE PLAN Limitations Limitations 1. Nursing home care 1s 11.mited to 120 days per benefit period. 1. Skilled nursing home care 1s llmited to 100 days of post The period may be extended, however, 1! the nursing home ls owned hospltal extended care. or managed by a hospital, and payment for care 1s made through the hospital's budget, or the nursing home ts part of an organized prepaid group practice plan (HMO). 2. Psychiatric hospitalization ts llmited to 45 consecutive days of 2. Psychiatric hospitalization ts 11.mlted to 30 consecutive days active treatment during a benefit period, and psychiatric consul of active treatment during a benefit period, and psychiatric consul tations are 11.mited to 20 visits during a benefit period. These tations are 11ullted to 15 visits during a beneftit period. A compre 11.mits do not apply, however, when benefits are provided through hensive mental health care organization 1s llmited to 30 visits. health maintenance organizations or comprehensive mental health care organizations. S. Dental care ts restricted to children through age 15 at the 3. Dental care ls restricted to children through age 13. No pro outset, with the covered age group increasing annually until per visions to phase 1n adult population. sons through age 25 are covered. Within five years, the program wlll establish a schedUle for phasing in coverage of the entire adult population. 4. Prescribed drugs are 11.mited to those provided through hos 4. Prescribed drugs are 11.mited to those provided through hos pital in-patient or out-patient departments, or through organized pital in-patient or out-patient departments, or through organized patient care programs (such as health ma.tntenance organizations patient care programs (such as health maintenance organizations or professional foundations). or professional foundations). Secretary of HEW may, by regulation. For other patients, coverage provided for drugs required for the provide for prescription drugs for the treatment of chronic or treatment of chronic or long-term lllness. long-term lllness. 5. In all other respects, covered health services wlll be available 5. Home health services 11.mited to 100 visits per year. without limit, in accordance with medical need. 6. Eye care only through age. 13. 7. Ell4" exams and hearing aids only through age 18. 8. Preventive services 11.mited to children through age 6 and prenatal, maternity and family planning services. A SYSTEM FOR PEOPLE, NOT PROFIT is capable of making. This fluid system, It must be a system truly responsive to The administration plan is industry directed by its most highly trained mem the needs of the people, a health care oriented when it should be consumer ber, the physician, could provide supe system appropriate to our advanced and oriented. The insurance companies, the rior health care with maximum efficien afiluent Nation's needs and desires. doctors and their colleagues can take care cy, low cost, and better service for its of themselves-it is time to help the recipients. American people for a change. While I am hopeful of the President's The CHIP proposal contains no sub new stance, his proposals should be VICTORY FOR HOME RULE stantive commitment to reform the Na carefuilly studied. I intend to exert all tion's health care system, and consumers the pressure I can for legislation that HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO would have no direct voice at any point will free health resources from their in the new program. Neither would em narrow, wasteful roles and divert them to OF NEW YORK ployers. Both, however, are required to the growth and expansion of the team IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES foot all the b11ls. system. Monday, March 4, 1974 I am frankly skeptical of the commit There is virtue in the concept of close Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. ment to improving health care when it physician-patient contact. But the popu Speaker, last week the Committee on comes from an administration that has lation needs and environmental health Rules struck a strong blow for individ vetoed several pieces of needed health problems stemming from neglect in ual freedom and home rule decisionmak legislation, impounded millions of dol housing, nutrition, and preventive medi ing when it voted 9 to 4 to indefinitely lars appropriated by the Congress for cine-shameful for a country of our suspend consideration of the Land Use health programs, and cut back spending wealth-have overwhelmed the capacity Planning Act. on biomedical research. of the old system. This is not the :first time the Rules And there is no evidence that the out That system must be changed. look has improved or the administration Committee has taken this stand. In 1972 I support a system of prepaid national it refused to grant a rule for a similar is now committed to improving the health insurance based on the proven health of Americans. The fiscal year bill. I believe that this action reflects the social security concept. All the evidence heartfelt feeling of most members that 1975 budget the President just sent to indicates this public insurance system the Congress drastically cuts Federal aid the Congress should not consider at operates with greater eftlciency and tempting such deep inroads into areas to medical, dental, and nursing schools lower cost to the consumer than the pri at a time when there are serious short reserved to the several States under our vate insurers. Constitution. The chairman of the Inte ages of personnel in all these areas. The I do not support a system that would fiscal year 1975 budget also severely re rior Committee has been quoted as say abolish the personal doctor-patient rela ing he will continue to press for passage duces Federal construction money for tionship. Every person should be able to medical facilities and terminates Federal of this legislation. The lopsided vote in choose his own doctor, if he wishes, and Rules, however, suggests that continued mental health center grants. all persons should have equal access to As part of the new health care system committee work in this area would be a that we must build, there must be a new the same high quality of medical care further waste of taxpayer dollars. Al health team. We need to expand the sup and at prices they can afford. though I am confident that the bill is ply of medical manpower through the I do not support a system of national dead, at least for the 93d Congress, I in training of allied health personnel such health service in which the Government tend to remain on guard. as physician's assistants, child health owns and operates all facilities, and Mr. Speaker, I am proud to have led practitioners, community health work everybody works for the Government. the fight in the House in opposition to ers, and family planning aides. What I have in mind is a true partner this bill, first calling it to my colleagues' Within the new health team system. ship between the private and public sec attention last fall. Since the fallowing duties and responsibilities would be al tors, between the health professional remarks which I made to the Rules Com located on the basis of actual capabilities and the patient. There will be Govern mittee might help put this issue into its for performing specific tasks, rather than ment :financing and administrative man proper perspective, I am including them by possession of a categorical title. Ideal agement, accompanied by private provi in the RECORD at this point. I am very ly, the distinctions among health person sion of personal health services through pleased it was not necessary to present nel should be made on the basis of the private practitioners, institutions, and them on the floor of the House during de nature of the judgments that each level other providers of medical care. bate. March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5177 The remarks follow: decision making. Section 106 clearly favors out--plus another 25 percent of matching STATEMENT TO THE COMMITTEE ON RULES the State governors and bureaucracies over funds which will have to be raised through OPPOSING THE LAND USE PLANNING ACT locally-ele~ted officials. Subsection (a) re state taxes. This blll is insulting not only to quires that local action be "subject to State the character of our local citizen, but to his Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate this administrative review with State authority pocketbook as well. op!)Ortunity to testify in opposition to the t.o disapprove such implementation . • ." Mr. Chairman, I cannot urge in strong rule which has been requested to provide for Subsection (c) requires that States retain enough terms that the Committee not grant the consideration of H.R. 10294, the Land or obtain authority "to regulate the use of the requested rule. You reached the right Use Planning Act of 1974. land within areas which ... have been de decision in 1972; I pray that you wm do so Mr. Chairman, this blll has been brought signated as areas of critical environmental again. Thank you. before the Committee under false pretenses. concern which a.re, or may be impacted by The mall from my constituents has been 100 key facllities; which have been identified as percent opposed to the bill, but my office, and presently or potentially subject to develop I imagine most other Members' offices as well, ment and land use of regional benefits; or ha.ve been besieged by telephone calls from ARE WE DOO:MED TO REPEAT large scale development.•.• " THE PAST? ecology-oriented organizations, asking us to In other words, the States must have vote for this so-called "environmental" leg a veto power over local decisions. Some islation. Indeed, this is a significant and dan states have already opted for this system, HON. JOHN R. RARICK gerous misconception with which this issue and more power to them, if that is what their has surrounded itself since its first introduc citizens want. Some states, however, such OF LOUISIANA tion some three years ago. Perhaps in re as my own State of New York, ha.ve chosen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sponse to two special orders I took during to vest such power totally with the lowest Monday, March 4. 1974 the la.st Session, the Report to accompany unit of local government avallable. In fact, H.R. 10294 finally reveals that the Commit the voters of my state have twice beaten Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, while tee on Interior and Insular Affairs has a back attempts to set up mandatory regional American automobile companies are be rather strange and unusual definition of "en planning agencies. We like it our way, and vironment." I would suggest most strongly ing attacked in Congress for the role it is not, and should not be, the function their European subsidiaries played in that Members, and especially outside orga of the Federal government to interfere with nizations, supporting this bill under the im our decision. supplying the Nazis in World War II, pression that it will protect the environ Let me be more specific. In New York it other American firms are being praised ment as the term is usually understood 11!1 the local governments which are general for their new trade dealings with the that is the ecology of our land, air, water ly pro-environment and the State which is Soviet Union. Reportedly, Cleveland, and natural resources and the general qual pro development. Ohio, companies now have contracts with ity of life in this country-I suggest that A case in point is the infamous Oyster Bay the Soviets valued at $90 million to help they read very carefully pages 42 and 43 Rye bridge proposal, which would have raped of the Committee Report. Suddenly "envi build the Kama River truck plant in ronment" takes on new meanings, including: much of the remaining green space in my the Soviet Union. industry, transportation and utllity facllities, town and forced greater urbanization upon American automobile subsidiaries in urban development, supply of housing, devel us. This was a state proposal, and it was only through a concerted effort by local gov Canada and the Argentine are being opment of new towns, diversification of com ernments working together with local citi "encouraged" to sell vehicles and equip munities with a narrow economic base ..• ment to Castro's CUba in order to help and the assurance "that local regulations do zens that we were able to beat back this not unreasonably restrict or exclude devel anti-environmental proposal. If there had relieve unemployment in their country. opment and land use of regional or national been a regional planning agency, if the State Those who do not benefit from their benefit. . .." No, this is not the environ had a veto power of our decision, they like past mistakes are said to be doomed to ment as we know it. ly could have defeated us. In their zeal to ex repeat them. port the problems of the city to the suburbs, I am sure that there are areas of the they would have ripped up our greenery, de I ask that related news clippings follow country in which the environment could be stroyed our wetlands, polluted our air with my remarks: enhanced through the state land use plan [From the Washington Post, Feb. 27, 1974] ning processes envisioned in this bill. But diesel fumes and noise and encouraged the there are many, many others, particularly overdevelopment which must perforce ac GM, FORD UNITS CRITICIZED ON WORLD suburban areas such as I am privileged to company the access roads leading to the WAR II RoLE represent, in which such a shift from local bridge. Citing considerations of greater than (By Morton Mintz) to state and federal control of tnle of local concern, they could have sacrified the use quality of our environment on the alter of Foreign subsidiaries of General Motors land wlll cause the environment irreparable regional benefit. 1Corp. and Ford. Motor Co. became principal harm. As I have stated on the House floor, wppliers of armored hal!tracks and other this bill can be used both to help or to If I am any prophet, this bill, in any state materiel to the Nazls in World War II and, hurt the environment--it all depends on having suburbs around large cities, will hand lldter host111ties ended, collected reparations who is doing the using and the slant of those anti-environmental developers the strong from the U.S. government for bombing dam who are implementing its provisions. If this est weapon they have ever had. age t.o Axis war plants, the Senate antitrust Is what the Interior Committee means by a If this is not enough, after the bill destroys subcommittee was told yesterday. "balanced approach," it is a balance not in home rule in favor of the State governments, The testimony came from subcommittee favor of the environment, but rather in favor it turns around and gives the secretary of assistant council Bradford C. Snell, who of centralized control of the use of land. the Interior the power to vet.o plans which made a fl.ve-year study of the auto and This is another thing entirely. the States themselves have developed. How ground transportation industries. His sources Other Members wm talk to you today far away from the man on the street can you included the U.S. Strategic Bombing Sur about the various shortcomings of H.R. 10294. get? I for one, and this probably goes for vey, the Justice Department, the Foreign Some of these problems involve the Consti every Member of Congress with a suburban Claims Commission and declassifl.ed military tutional "ta.king" issue, the loss of land pro constituency, would not relish the thought documents. ductivity when productivity 11!1 a vital key of going home in the fall and trying to ex In Detroit, GM said Snell's charge that lt to our fears of unemployment and under plain to the people of my district why I aided the Nazi war effort is "false." After the employment, and the possibly all-encom voted to substitute the will of state and Fed outbreak of war in 1939, the company said passing nature of the term "areas of critical eral bureaucrats for their own. "a German board of managers appointed by environmental concern," I largely share I might have been able to live with the the Nazi government assumed responstbllity many of these concerns. I would like to con funding level of the Administration's initial for the dally operations of Opel," Germany's centrate, however, on what I believe is the funding proposal of $170 million over the largest auto firm, which GM had acquired in true essence of this bill: centralization of eight year life of this legislation. I would 1929. decision making. The question is who is best still have to be convinced that we were not After Germany declared war on the United qualified to make decisions on land use- duplicating the fine work of voluntary na States in December 1941, the Nazis controlled local officia.18 responsible to the electorate tional associations of elected local officials in Opel through "a German alien enemy custo who have to live with the results of their the interchange of information on land use dian," GM said. decisions or State and Federal bureau planning. At an average of slightly over $20 In Dearborn, Ford said, "It should be ob crats, far removed from the scene of their m1111on a year, this could have provided for a vious that the policies and direction of any folly and responsible mainly to the justi small information and statistical office in In company in Germany, regardless of its own fication of their own position? Despite its terior and small planning grants to states ership immediately before and during World protestations to the contrary, this bill is anti and municipalities. But H.R. 10294 asks be War II, were dictated by the German govern !ederallst and anti-home rule. It patently tween $850 million and one billion dollars ment. seeks to inject the supposed wisdom of our of taxpayers' money-especially if you add "'Ford Motor Co. had no participation or national government into the balance of in administrative costs over the last five years financial result.s of Ford. of Germany while power within the several States on land use ot the bill, which has been conveniently left the United States was engaged in World War 5178 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1974 II," said John A. Banning, Ford's executive trifled system that once linked San Francisco lunch cocktail party for Mii.ltsev at the Holi director for overseas palnning. and other bay-region cities. day Inn 1n Wickliffe. "It seems to us that events of more than GM called Snell's accusations about its role Yet there are many here who say they 30 years ago are irrelevant to any Judgment in the demise of electric urban transit sys would support such a step. Though Cleveland on the role of international corporations 1n tems "untrue." ls the home town of Cyrus Eaton, the indus the vastly different world of today," Banning triaU.srt friend of Soviet leaders and backer of satd. [From the Washington Post, Mar. 3, 1974) trade with the Communists for years, it ls Subcommittee chairman heard Snell and DETENTE Is POPULAR IN CLEVELAND also the home of some 85,000 Jews, as well as San Franclsco Mayor Joseph L. Alloto at the (By Dan Morgan) other large ethnic minorities. opening of a four-day hearing on whether For the numerous descendants of dis the auto and ground transportation indus CLEVELANn.-Traveling toward this Mid placed persons-Hungarians, Poles, Romani tries should be restructured western city in a six-seater company air ans, Slovaks, Czechs, Slovenes and others- GM sent a protest that the hearings deal plane this week, a. Soviet and an American the Soviet Union has long been an emotional with GM's bus business, which is the target made crude sketches of part of a nuclear issue. Some of the newest citizens of Cleve of a pending anti-monopoly suit brought by power plant on a coffee napkin, and talked land came here from Czechoslovakia as late the City of New York. It is improper to business. as 1968 in the wake of the Soviet invasion, inquire into matters that are before the Nikolai D. Maltsev, a short, graying Soviet and many people stm have relatives 1n Cen courts," GM vice president Robert P. Maglll electric power omcial making his second trip tral Europe. said. to the United States, had a question for his The Cleveland Crane Co. is in the congres Hart, while promising to do his best to pro host, Cleveland businessman John G. Frisch sional district of one of the chief Capitol tect GM's right to a fair trial, said the hear korn. HUI &dvocates of Soviet trade restric ings-which a1fect the Industry at the heart With the help of a Soviet engineer-inter tions,-. of his own state's economy-must proceed. preter, he asked Frischkorn if the Americans --- was House sponsor last year of an Never could a congressional inquiry into have precision eqUlpment for replacing the amendment to the administration's trade blll anti-competitive conduct in any industry be long, heavy reactor cores which flt into nu which would deny credits and trade conces held without encountering simultaneous llti clear power systems. Frischkorn added several sions to countries that prohibited free emi gation, he said. llnes to the Soviet's sketch, and declared that gration. Snell said he feels some ambiguity about such a device could probably be designed In Washington, the measure is viewed by the roles and loyalties of multinational cor without too much dimculty. many as extremely tough, but in Cleveland, porations. In the current atmosphere of de Then, as the snow-covered Allegheny some criticize --- for not being tough Mountains rolled by 18,000 feet below, the enough. tente, for example, he said, GM may well be two men settled back to watt for their ar serving American interests if it builds a truck "He's concentrating on the Jewish emigra rival and a subsequent round of factory tion," said a man who emigrated from Czech plant 1n Siberia. U.S. foreign policy before tours and VIP luncheons arranged by the World War II encouraged American corpora oslovakia after the Communist takeover 1n business and civic community. 1948. "People are asking why he isn't doing tions to invest abroad and bring dividends Although fundamental questions are being home. asked about detente in Washington in the something for the Czechs. America should But, the auto industry was "uniquely con wake of the Middle East crisis, last year's put the same type of pressure on Poland and vertible" to war, and GM was so big that it grain deal, the exiling of writer Alexander Czechoslovakia, to reunite families ... .'' became "the essential ingredient" of both Solzhenitsyn and other setbacks, Soviet and In a coffee shop in the industrial suburbs the Allled and Nazi war efforts. American business om.cials seem more inter east of Cleveland, the topic of trade with the In the study, Snell said that GM and Exxon ested than ever in expanding their economic Soviets drew an immediate, angry reaction subsidiaries, at "the urgent request of Nazi cooperation. from a group of workers. "No way," said a man of Hungarian descent officials" in 1935 and 1936, had Joined German In this industrial hub, a congressional chemists in erecting plants to supply the threat to end Export-Import Bank credits when asked if he approved of trade with the mechanized German armies with scarce syn for exports to the Soviet Union and to deny Soviets. thetic leaded fuel. Moscow tar11f concessions hovers like a small, "I wouldn't work on equipment which was In 1938, he said, GM's chief for overseas dark cloud. being delivered there," another man said. operations "was awarded the Order of the Some businessmen here seem hardly aible to A third, younger man said he would work German Eagle (first class) by Chancellor belleve that the Senate may soon pass leg on production for the Soviet Union "be Adolf Hitler," largely for having agreed to islation which would almost certainly snuff cause the choice is that or unemployment." build a heavy-truck facll1ty at Brandenburg, out their budding, lucrative business with But he added "Why should we support a which was relatively invulnera.ble to air at the Soviet Union and perhaps make the visits government that Lenin set up to eventually tack. of the Soviet officials here this week nothing overthrow us?" Also in 1938, Snell said, the same a.ward but a historical curiosity. In the coffee shop only one person, a Nixon went to a Ford executive for opening a truck According to the local office of the U.S. backer, said she would support the trade, "If plant with the "real purpose," according to Department of Commerce, Cleveland-airea we have a surplus." But she added that she U.S. Army Intelligence, of making "troop companies now have contracts with the So has doubts since the Soviet-American grain transport-like vehicles" for the Wehrmacht. viet Union valued at at least $90 mlllion. deal of 1972. After war broke out in 1939, GM converted Many of those are for foundry equipment at Such emotional responses may be soften its 432-acre Opel plant at Russelsheim to as the huge Kama River truck manufacturing ing, some Clevela.nders believe. sembling propulsion systems for half of the plant project, in which a.bout 70 American The prospect of a huge Soviet market and Luftwaffe's most important bombers, the Ju- firms are participating. the frequent sight of Soviet visitors 1n Cleve 88s, Snell said. The same facll1ty also assem Frischkorn, the host aboard the company land have had an impact on public opinion. bled 10 per cent of the Jet engines for the plane, 1s director of international operations "Mr. --- is extremely popular here, and Me-262, the world's first operational jet for the Cleveland Crane and Engineering there 1s strong impulse to opening up • • •," fighter. GM's plants In the United States Co., of Wickliffe, a 700-employee firm that said Sidney Vincent, head of the Cleveland then were building conventional aircraft en has cashed in dramatically and handsomely Jewish Federation. "But there is a strong gines, Snell said. in the Soviet high-technology market. impulse to opening up to the Soviet Union. GM and Ford subsidiaries built the bullt Of the estimated $25-million of orders on We are not asking for a cessation of tr&de, of Germany's armored "mule" three-ton half its books for 19'74, a.bout $10 million came only saying It should be conditioned on tracks and medium- and heavy-duty trucks, from a contract signed in July with the So human attributes." Snell said. viets for six large overhead monorail systems As the visit of Maltsev and other Soviet He said his point was not to attack auto for hot metal and sand pouring operations omcials to Cleveland on Wednesday, Thurs executives, but to show that the industry's at Kama River. day and Friday Indicated, economic cooper monopolistic structure "1s incapable of be After that, company officials a.re eyeing ation has produced a new business look un having and performing satisfactorily." Mayor deals to supply equipment for a tractor fac thinkable a couple of years ago. Alioto, a leading antitrust trial lawyer, put tory on the Volga, a shipyard in Moscow and Some Cleveland businessmen hand out it another way: "What's good for General Mo an automated warehouse to be erected in the printed cards bearing their names 1n Russian tors is not necessartly good for the country.'• later stages of the Kama River project. Cyrillic letters on the reverse side. Maltsev, They urged breaking up the big auto com "If this keeps up, we could take our com who has the title of deputy minister of So panies through new legisla.tion. pany and duplicate it once again," said a viet energetics and electri:flca.tion, was Both men charged that GM, sseking to gleeful Robert M. Underwood, a senior proj whisked from place to place ln an executive maximize profits, had conspired, starting in ect manager on Kama River who has won the gray Fleetwood C&dilla.c. the 1920's, with oil, tire and highway inter nickname "the Kama Czar." "This is too important to make mistakes," ests to make the United States almost totally However, Cleveland Crane President Karl said Frischkorn of the limousine service. reliant on autos and trucks. The destruction A. Pamer is well aware of the cloud that now Interpreters are in great demand, and some of electric street transit systems in 51 cities hangs over future East-West trade. firms have started keeping files of Soviet was one result, Snell said. "If the Senate cuts off Export-Import cred press clippings with business leads. Alioto detailed "the terrifying power of the its, we're dead as far as further deals with "We have somebody clipping Pravda," sa1cl automobile monopoly" in destroying the elec- Russians go," he said last week during a pre- one businessman. March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5179 Oftlctals of both countries are getting to "Trade helps us get used to one another," State Department sources said there have know each other, though tours of the ltlnd said Maltsev, in a speech that also mentioned been only 11 exceptions made for sales of Maltsev made leave little time for relaxed the "horrible arms and weapons" which are U.S. products to Cuba in the dozen years soclallzlng. Anticipating a heavy schedule being manufactured. in which the two nations have not had in Cleveland, Maltsev did this shopping-for John T. Connor Jr., the newly appointed diplomatic relations. copies of James Bond novels requested by head of the Moscow oftlce of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Some oftlcials point out that by approving his engineer son-before he arrived. Trade and Economic Council, was more the llcenses, Washington will be able to side Local businessmen are on a first-name blunt. step a confrontation with Argentina and basis with some oftlcials, such as Georgl "For good or bad we seem to mix politics other Latin nations which are particularly Shukln, head of the Kama Purchasing Com and business,'' he said. "But we can't treat sensitive to the matter. mission oftlce in New York City. "Georgl likes them as subordinates, or as inferiors not en Mexlco, host of the foreign ministers' con first names," one American said. "He ls very titled to the same treatment as others, if ference, is particularly adamant on its stand informal." we are going to have more constructive rela that any product manufactured in Mexico The advent of trade, particularly Involv tions." must be available for export. Foreign Min ing complicated engineering equ1pment, ..I think we should talk openly about these ister Emlllo Rabasa said here two weeks ago has also brought a new phenomenon, that things," he said later, as the Clevelanders that Mexico would not tolerate any foreign of Soviet citizens living in American com and their Soviet guests milled about. "This business that for any reason would not en munities. About 100 Soviet engineers and ls one of the great issues of the times. People gage in expansion of foreign trade. technicians are living in Pittsburgh. don't talk much about foreign policy. They If Kissinger and Shultz agree, Kissinger Three Soviet technical inspectors live ln a didn't talk about the League of Natid'ns, would be in a position at Mexico City to suburban Cleveland apartment. In their either-until it was too late." add substance to rhetoric about a new era spare time, when they are not checking out of relations with the Latins. The agenda re equ1pment destined for Kama River, they [From the Washington Star-News, Feb. 17, quires discussion of multinational corpora watch color television and practice their 1974} tion, international trade and monetary deal English. But so far, they have not been to a THE 42,000 ARGENTINE CARS: CUBA MAY GET ings, coercive economic measures and coop movie or had much social contact with UNITED STATES OK eration for development. Americans. (By Jeremiah O'Leary) Whlle there is no speclflc deadline for de One company that made a strong pitch for cision on the Argentine llcenstngs, some Soviet business Ia.st week was the Balley Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger ls American oftlcials believe the Mexico City Meter Co., in Wickliffe, outside Cleveland. reported ready to approve special licenses for conference would provide a perfect setting When Maltsev arrived at the plant Thurs the sale to Cuba of 42,000 Ford, General Mo for a Kissinger declaration on the subject. day morning, he was greeted by a phalanx tors and Chrysler cars and trucks produced Kissinger already has defused another of company oftlcials, and a company employee in Argentina by wholly owned U.S. companles. agenda item, the Panama Canal, by a fiying handed him a box of fiowers. A Soviet and The final decision, informed sources said, trip to the isthmus where he and Foreign an American fiag ln the lobby fia.nked a sign is to be made Tuesday when Kissinger meets Minister Juan Tack signed a declaration of with Treasury Department omcials on the principles for negotiating a new treaty there. welcoming Maltsev in both languages. eve of his departure for Mexico City for a At a working session that followed, Malt meeting with the Latin foreign ministers. sev's questions tended to bear out the view While omcials of both departments de of American experts that Soviet oftlclals clined comment, these sources said lt was know what they want from the United clear that the United States has more to VICE PRESIDENT GERALD FORD IN States. gain that lose by approving the sale. Both KENTUCKY Does the company manufacture a device the United States and the three auto firms for measuring the humidity inside the pipes are under heavy Argentine legal and po of nuclear reactors? he wanted to know. No, Utical pressure to issue the export Ucenses. HON. TIM LEE CARTER explained company President Frank Jones, A favorable decision by Kissinger and Sec because in the United States the moisture OF KENTUCKY retary of the Treasury Shultz would bring IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES content is calculated, rather than measured. the first major crack in the U.S. policy of "We calculate the same way, but it takes commercial isolation of Cuba. Monday, March 4, 1974 a long time," Maltsev said. Ford, General Motors and Chrysler face When Maltsev expressed an interest in severe penalty taxes under Argentine law Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, Vice Presi computers for performing this task, Jones if they do not comply with that country's dent GERALD FoRD recently addressed the ordered that a technical paper bo provided. new investment law requiring exports. Argen Lincoln Club Banquet of the Fifth Dis After that, Maltsev asked a question about tina, which has taken a tough stand on the trict of Kentucky, and he received a devices for measuring the condition of re matter, also could make it diftlcult for com warm and enthusiatic reception from actor pipes. When Jones described the system ponent parts to pass Argentine customs or the 3,500 people who attended the event used by his company, Maltsev said: "We do even nationalize the firms if they do not the same thing, exactly." in London, Ky. meet export quotas. I feel honored that the Vice Presi The interest of Soviet oftlclals ln such A U.S. decision to grant the export licenses highly sophisticated technology has led some would give Kissinger something substantial dent accepted my invitation to visit my American critics of detente to warn that to present to the Latin foreign m1n1sters district and address this large gathering. MoBCow ls mainly interested in using the when he reaches Mexlco City. Although there were many newspaper trade boom to overtake the United States and The situation involves bllUons of dollars accounts of the meeting, I am including upgrade Soviet military capabillty. and has deep polltical implications. Argen for the RECORD the following article from Last week, Under Secretary of State for tina last August granted the Fidel Castro the Corbin, Ky. Times-Tribune: Economic Affairs William J. Casey assured a government credits of $200 mllllon a year seminar in Washington that there would be [From the Corbin (Ky.) Tbnes-Tribune, for stx years, totalling $1.2 billion, for pur Feb. 14, 1974} continulng restrictions on technologies which chases to be made exclusively in Argentina. have both military and civlllan uses. After the deal was made, U.S. auto builders, APPROXIMATELY 3,500 KENTUCKIANS Au ON Soviet and American business oftlcials tend with millions invested in their Argentine HAND To GREET VICE PRESIDENT FORD to stay away from such touchy subjects. plants, suddenly were hit by oll shortages (By Pat O'Connor) "The fellows we work with never· bring up and the consequent plummeting sales in On Tuesday night I traveled to the Laurel politics," said Cleveland Crane's Robert Uh the United States. County High School gym to cover a basket derwood, who is in touch with Soviet engi Forced to cut back production and lay ball game. Less than 24-hours later that neers and purchasing agents 1n New York off thousands of workers in the United States sports arena became the scene of an eager or Pittsburgh almost dally. the Big Three of the auto industry are anx crowd of Republicans waiting for United "These guys are pretty good to deal with," ious to avoid further losses in their over States Vice President Gerald Ford to appear. he said. "They want quality. They're not ih seas operations. When the Argentine credits The long hours of preparation by rthe 5th terested in a fancy sales pitch. They prefer went to Havana, the Cuban government District Lincoln Republican Club for the vice to deal with engineers." quickly placed orders for cars and trucks president's visit wasn't quite over for the He ts convinced that the American expe made in Argentina by the U.S. companies Corbin and London Republican Woman's rience rubs off on his Soviet counterparts. as well as by Fiat. Club members who were stlll working on "It must be a fantastic experience for them, Under the Trading With The Enemy Act decorations Wednesday afternoon around 4 after they've heard so much about the vices no U.S. company may enter into commerce p.m. when this reporter arrived on the scene. of capitalists." he said. with Cuba without special licenses. First I had picked up an ldenttftcation The view that Soviet trade makes points The Argentine argument, which many U.S. badge along with the Corbin Times photog for the United States, however, ts stlll chal V officials find compelling, ls that the Ameri rapher. Jack Thurston. Then we walked lenged by many congressmen. cans cannot have it both ways in the confilct around the high school watching the major At a civic luncheon Thursday at the Cleve between the two nations' laws. The Buenos television personnel get their equipment land Plaza Hotel, Soviet and American speak Aires regime argues that the companies can ready for the evening's festivities. ers drew attention to the uncertain future not be masked as Argentine businesses and From the high school a bus took the press of East-West trade. be governed by U.S. laws too. corps to the London Airport to cover the 5180 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1.974 landing of Ford's plane. State and local po Ford said. He added that although Congress our city were told, generally by persons licemen surrounded the airport terminal has the authority to deny an appellate court who had never been there. while about 200 people stood in the misting ruling, he would rather see the court make However, the truth has finally come rain, hoping that they would get a chance to the right decision. out. Others are beginning to realize say hello or shake hands with Ford. When Ford was asked what the environ To give the photographers a better view, mentalists would have to sacrifice as the what a fine city Philadelphia really is. members of the press were sent to a roped government works to solve the energy prob Unlike some other places I could men otJ area on the runway. There were a few lems, Ford said he hoped they wouldn't re tion, it is a wonderful place to both live minutes of standing around and waiting in treat to the point where they would lose and visit. This fact is clearly evident the dismal weather. One WAVE-TV man headway in solving environmental problems. from an article published in the Febru didn't sound too happy about his visit to Then he praised environmentalists for not ta.king court action on the 30 major utility ary 24, 1974, edition of the Washington London. "Why did I volunteer to cover this Post, which I now enter into the RECORD: thing?" he complained. companies which have switched from using Then an airplane was sighted ln the sky gas to coal for their power. ALL THINGS CONSIDERED: APPRECIATING towards the east and everyone knew the vice A newsman said to Ford that Elliot Rich PHILADELPHIA president was going to make lt on time. As ard.son was speaking in Bowling Green about Kind friends, forgive my growing mania. his plane touched ground around 5 p.m., a week ago and Richardson said that Ford For Philadelphia., Pennsylvania. •.. another newsman remarked that lt always was a 3-2 favorite to win the presidential A person would have to have bats in the filled him with wonder to see an airplane nomination in 1976. This prompted Ford belfry land. For experienced newsmen, lt was a little to explain his reasons for repeatedly denying Not to take pleasure ln Philadelphry. odd that a vice president and his party were that he will seek the nomination. -Ogden Nash. arriving in one plane. Before the energy "I have promised my wife Betty that I (By John Koenig, Jr.) crisis struck, Ford would've been :flying in would leave public life in 1976 and I believe I can do a better job as vice president 1f I'm PHILADELPHIA.-America's most historic one plane with his advisors while members not under suspicion of being a potential city, turning an eye to the future, is quietly of the national press and others would've candidate." renewing itself-that ls, 1f you can say that been in a second plane. That ended the vice president's press con construction workers and restoration ex Senator Marlow Cook was the first dignt-' ference. The newsmen from the wire services perts move quietly. But the old Quaker City's tary to leave the plane. Among the Republl and morning newspapers rushed to their approach to everything has always been ra cans welcoming Cook and the Vice Presi typewriters and then to their telephones to ther subdued. No great blowing of one's horn dent's party were 5th District Rep. Tim Lee call in the details of Ford's visit up to that here. It's not necessary, the true Philadel Carter and Republican National Committee point. phlan figures, for if the outlanders don't woman from Corbin, Mrs. Harold B. Barton. Meanwhile, the Corbin Times photographer know and appreciate Philadelphia, that's Por Gerald Ford, it was his first visit to the and a. Washington cameraman slipped into their misfortune. hllls of Kentucky since he was named vice a private reception between the vice presi However, Phlladelphlans, old and nouveau, president. dent and the top ranking Republican of a.re now ta.king a new look at themselves After posing for a. few pictures with the ficials of Kentucky. Former Governor Louie and their city and how it appears ln the greeting party, Ford headed for the crowd of Nunn was first seen that evening entering eyes of the nation and the world. For 1976 well-wishers at the gates near the terminal. the reception room. will be the 200th birthday of the United There he shook hands and greeted his fans Next on the agenda was the dinner itself. States. And where was the United states for a few minutes. The rain went from a Eating barbecued spare ribs while balancing founded? Why, "in Philadelphia., of course." drizzle to a harder downpour and Ford was the pa.per plate in your lap isn't the easiest For the Bicentennial there will be no whisked away to his limousine. trick in the world but for the crowd in the world's fair, no international exposition at The photographers and reporters then stands they managed. Baked potatoes, rolls tempting to glorify American-and Philadel raced to their bus. Before leaving the air and tossed salad completed the menu. phia-history. Perhaps the day of the world's port, however, the bus driver had a minor After the introduction of the top ranking f,air is over, many Phlladelphla.ns figure. They mishap as he started to turn a. corner and state omclals and main Republican commit note also that some fairs held elsewhere in had to back up when the bus banged into a. tee workers, the vice president first entered recent years have been financial :flops. parked car. Security guards waved the bus the gym and the crowd cheered. While Ford Anyway, business and political leaders driver to go a.head to the high school. Along and other members of the ma.in table ate, who did want to bring another world's fair the way, Laurel County residents stood on entertainment was provided by several to Philadelphia. in 1976 lost a. ha.rd-fought their porches and watched from their win musical groups. The Metcalfe County Enter battle. Residents of the city's northeast area, dows as the vice president's caravan, led by tainers, Harlan Musettes and the Russell the first proposed site for the exposition the State Police, headed towards the high County High School Band performed for the didn't want the congestion it would bring. A school. Republicans. largely undeveloped area southwest of the Members of the press corps, whose num Ribbons of red, white, and blue were draped city's airport was proposed later, but con bers had increased with newsmen tra.vellng along the tables and bouquets were placed struction was deemed too costly and by that from Washington with Ford, were sent to on the tables of county and state omcials. time it was getting too laite to start. the high school cafeteria where they grabbed Many of the women had dressed for the gala. But the old city, with its two milllon resi their seats and made last minute prepara occasion by wearing long evening gowns or dents, plus nearly three milllon in the sub tions before Ford appeared for a ha.If hour their best pant suits. urbs and nearby towns, stm wants to do press conference. After :finishing his dinner, Ford lit up his something big for 1976. Its Centennial Ex Paul MlltLch, Ford's press secretary intro pipe and glanced around the crowd that in position of 1876, marking 100 years of Amer duced. the vice president and the question cluded secret service men and security ican independence, was America's-and per ing from the group of about 100 newswrlters guards. haps the world's-first great and successful began. Around 8:30 p.m. the preliminary Repub world's fair. The Sesquicentennial Exposi As could've been expected, opening ques tion of 1926, scene of the first Dempsey tions dealt with Watergate. "I disagree with lican speakers were finished and Ford began delivering his speech. With a Jackson County Tunney fight and for which a giant stadium Barry Goldwater that Watergate has been enthusiast leading the crowd's cheers, Ford was built-the location each year of the disastrous for the Republican party," Ford Army-Navy football fracas before 100,000 said. The issues concerning the people a.re was applauded several times as he listed peace and prosperity. President Nixon's achievements in omce. fans-was another landmark in world's fair As soon as Ford ended his speech, the history. He predicted that the employment picture crowd of about 3,500 rushed for the doors de It ls theorized here that in this day of rapid will look much brighter in a few months and spite the planned benediction and reces more people than ever will be employed by communication, people no longer need a sional. The highlight of the Lincoln Day giant, costly exposition to make them aware the end of summer. "When November ts Banquet was over for most of the crowd and here, the Republicans will do just as well of the wonders accomplished ln the scientific, it wouldn't be long before Ford returned to industrial and social spheres. But exposition 1f not better at the polls in spite of Water the airport where he would head back to gate and the current economic picture " Ford or no, Philadelphia. expects to be the central said. • Washington. focus point of the United States• 200th birth Ford said gas rationing isn't the answer to day celebration in 1976. distributing gas among drivers. "I believe Plans for the observance were ma.de some that people would rather wait ln lines at APPRECIATING PHILADELPHIA time ago, hence the hammer and saw, the the gas station than wait in lines at the post bulldozer, the construction crane and the omce for their rationing cards," the vice laying of brick and stone tha.t you see all over president said. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG central Philadelphia. The observance ot the Several of the newswrlters grinned when OF PENNSYLVANIA Blcenntenial ls pointed not just at bricks Ford emphatically stated that he is totally IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and mortar, nor even at formal ceremoniea and unequivocally opposed to court ordered marking the occasion. It involves, rather, the busing to achieve racial integration ln the Monday, March 4, 1974 schools. "That ls not the way to get better cooperative etJort of the entire city to demon education for all Americans," he said. The Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, for too strate what an old community can do, within Nixon administration opposed the Supreme many years the people of Philadelphia the periphery of American democratic so Court decision to order busing 1n Detroit, have suffered in silence when jokes about ciety., to renew itself and to continue to pro- March 4, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5181 vtde its inhabitants with the good llfe in the derives its name from the Society of Free But the chief claim of Philadelphia to be future. Traders, an early commercial group that ing the focal point of the Bicentennial 1s Philadelphians are, in many ways, a breed owned property near the Dela.ware River the fact that in this city, the largest in the all to themselves. They exalt their neighbor waterfront. This section did indeed become American colonies and second only to London hoods, their local high and prep schools and the center of 18th century Philadelphia life. in the 18th century British Empire, the their many universities and colleges. And By the early 20th century, however, much of founders of the nation wrote and signed both rightly so, for local pride has kept in good it was blighted. the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. repair many of the 50 or so neighborhoods, A happy combination of urban renewal, Constitution. once independent towns and villages, that the Old Philadelphia Development Corpora At that time, the Philadelphia area already surround the central city nucleus. tion and private investment resulted in a had been settled for roughly 150 years. The The nasal Philadelphia accent (an In greatly Im.proved and blended mixture of re Dutch and the Swedes came first, in the 1620s dianan I once knew who had lived in Phila stored streets and historic homes beside new and 1630s, and a few thousand of their delphia for a time said "everyone had ade town houses and high-rise apartment build descendants were living along the Dela.ware noids") can be heard cheering the city's "Big ings. Needless to say, property values rose and Schuylkill Rivers when Wllliam Penn. Five" college basketball teams. And where meteorically. under a land grant from Charles II of else, as Sports mustrated magazine once A second focal point for 1976 wll1 be along England, formally founded Philadelphia and asked, do you hear all the citizens call a the Delaware River waterfront, stlll one of the province of Pennsylvania in 1682. sorrel-toppled player "Reds" instead of America's greatest seaports. This will be The heritage left by Wllliam Penn and "Red"? Penn's Landing, a Unique development to his Quaker Commonwealth 1s evident every A visiting British journalist some years ago cost $70 m1llion. It will feature a marina, where-representative government, tolerance termed Philadelphia the "most British of hotel, restaurants, docks with replicas of of religious differences, and social better American cities." Maybe so, 1f you consider vessels from the 17th century to the pres ment. Penn's views helped form not only the city's pride in its history, its wariness of ent that will be open to the public, land Philadelphia's but the entire American way hurried change, and its love for the sports scaped recreation areas, harbor tours and of life. of rowing and soccer (even cricket, years ago) , night spots with live entertainment to sup Today, William Penn still stands at the fostered by large-scale lmmlgration in earlier plement those in the commercial city center. head of the city-atop City Hall tower, 547 times of English and Scottish factory workers. The third focus will be on the city's cul feet in the air. When completed in 1901, this From the beglnnlng there has been a poly tural institutions, including the Philadel tower, including Its monumental statue of glot population, but always subject to the phia Orchestra, and opera and dance groups Penn, was the world's tallest building. It early Quaker pattern of tolerance and ab with a year-long series of premieres. Major remains Philadelphia's highest, for under sorption. W1lliam Penn's original English and national sports championship events also city ordinance no other building is permitted Welsh Quakers were joined in 1683 by the will be featured. to top It. For generations Phlladelphians have first Germans, invited by Penn himself. An Thirteen new hotels and motor inns are either admired or hated that gray stone City open society attracted people from many projected for the city by 1976, adding another Hall building. Ornate as only a Victorian other countries. South Philadelphia ls known 5,0000 rooms to the 13,0000 now available in structure ca.n be, it stands in the middle of for its large "Little Italy." Today there is a the city and on its fringes. Close to 400 town-at the intersection of Broad and Mar large black population, from whose ranks conventions already are booked for 1976. ket Streets. But love it or lump it, the visitor have come such diverse individuals as concert But tt is the very life of the city itself-in cannot help but be impressed with it as a singer Marian Anderson, heavyweight boxing its giant new office buildings, in its restored landmark. champion Joe Frazier, and Chubby Checker, residential sections-that will strongly mark An elevator takes the public up the tower who popularized the "twist." Philadelphia's observance of the nation's to the foot of the 37-foot-high Wlll1am Penn Although many sections of the city, such 200th birthday. That life-the good living statue for a magnificent view of the city and as Germantown, Chestnut Hill, Olney, Frank in Philadelphia-goes on right now. You right across the Delaware River to the south ford, West Philadelphia and South Philadel don't have to wait until 1976 and the Bicen Jersey suburbs. The mayor's sumptuous re phia, have their own community life and tennial to see and experience it. ception chamber and other parts of City Hall well-established restaurants and clubs, the The city's active Convention and Visitors also are open to the public. predominant business, entertainment and Bureau recently held a series of "booster" This is, in fact, a good starting point for a night life world is in center city. receptions in Washington, New York and sightseeing tour of the city. Immediately ad Among restaurants, Bookbinder's is known Chicago, the three cities outside Philadelphia jacent to City Hall 1s the Philadelphia Con across the country. Philadelphia he.a long in which it believes most decisions are made vention and Visitors Bureau, a low-rise, mod claimed to be the best theater center outside on where to hold national conventions and ern, circular structure housing a cooperative New York. Of Ethel Merman's 13 hit Broad meetings. To these receptions came sales staff with ready-at-hand information. Here way musicals, 11 opened in Philadelphia. It representatives of Philadelphia hotels and the visiting Washingtonian can pick up the would take more than Chicago to challenge the city's entertainment world, armed with schedule of Philadelphia's Cultural Loop Bus. the exalted position of the Philadelphia. Or literature pointing up what a great conven This I found to be another Philadelphia chestra. in the music world. tion center the Quaker City is. One of the "first," compairable in its way to the multi For what passes as "night life" at a time obstacles they must overcome, they say, 1s tude of other Philadelphia "firsts," including when large night clubs have vanished from the attitude in some places that Philadelphia America's first lending library, hospital, in just about every major city in the country, 1s staid, stuffy and typified by the old gag: surance company, savings bank, botanical Philadelphia has its share. The emphasis, "I went there for a weekend once, and it was garden, zoological garden, university and as always, has been on intimate little music closed." academy of fine arts. There are plans now for bars and discoteques on the small side streets "This attitude, of course, is nonsense," said a Night Life Loop Bus. of midcity. They're more fun than the big one spokesman at the Washington meeting. Philadelphia's cultural loop bus connects ones of former days in New York. "It was promoted probably by places with the 18th century historic area of the city, Formally, there w1ll be three centers of nothing to offer on their own. We face this around Independence Hall in downtown east, attention in the Quaker City's observance of sort of thing by telling the facts-the great with City Hall, the Benjamin Franklln Park the Bicentennial, which will come just a attractions of Philadelphia in theaters, music, way, the famed Franklin Institute and Fels few years before the Tricentennial of the business, historic sites, education, and ex Planetarium, the Philadelphia Museum of founding of Philadelphia. panding night life. This is a city where Art--one of the world's greatest--and the First and foremost will be the observances people are coming back downtown to live." zoological garden in Fairmount Park. The around Independence National Historical For Washington-area. residents, a visit to bus fare is only 50 cents for all day, and you Park, the site of Independence Hall and the Philadelphia can be particularly meaning may stay as long as you want at any one Liberty Bell. Completion of the park 1s to ful, regardless of what interest they may have institution because your ticket is still good include the rebuilding of Benjamin Frank 1n the preparations for the 1976 Bicentennial. on any later bus. lin's home and printing plant and of the For, in a sense, Philadelphia is the parent of Moving a.round town on your own by auto Graff House, the rooming house where Thom Washington. And, fortunately, whatever re mobile or taxi, there are three areas in which as Jefferson wrote his draft of the Dec strictions may be placed on the use of auto to concentrate your attention. The first, of laration of Independence. mobiles during the gasoline shortage, the city course, is the Independence Square-Society Removal of the old wholesale fruit and wll1 be easy to reach and get around in. Train Hill area, the heart of 18th century Philadel produce center on Dock Street to a new lo service to Philadelphia, via Amtrak, ls excel phia, where restoration of old homes has cation with modern facllities at the far end lent, and within the city there 1s a topnotch been moving at a record clip. Congress Hall, of South Philadelphia cleared the way for subway, commuter train and bus network. Carpenters Hall (where the First Continental redevelopment and restoration of Philadel It was this city that served for 10 years as Congress met) and the American Philo phia's new famed Society Hill area. This oc the temporary capital of the United States sophical Society all a.re here. curred during what are regarded as the and the home of Congress whlle the first The second general area for the visitor to enlightened and forward-looking adminis government buildings were being planned see centers a.round City Han. In many of trations of Mayors Joseph S. Clark and Rich and built 1n the District of Columbia.. George these city blocks there is evidence that Phila ardson Dilworth in the 1950s. Washington spent his eight years as the na delphia is among the nation's leaders in re Society Hill, it must be pointed out, orig tion's first President in Philadelphia, and building a business center. This can be seen inally had nothing to do with what might here the new nation first received the diplo 1n the Penn Center development on the for be called "High Society," nor is it a hlll. It matic representatives of other nations. mer site of the old Pennsylvania Railroad 5182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 5, 1974 termlnal and its "Chinese Wall" railroad around. In an interview not many years ago, memorating the 56th anniversary of tracks, and in the massive new omce build· Leroy, a younger brother of the great comic, Lithuania's independence. The brave ings rising on Market Street which dwarf any disclosed that his name for w.c. always was peaple of Lithuania have suffered under of the new structures in Washington. "Big Nose." foreign oppression for over 700 years. A third exploratory tour of the old city At West Philadelphia High School, they've should be made by auto-out Benjamin never forgotten that Jeannette Macdonald From 1795 to 1915 Lithuania was under Franklin Parkway, from City Hall, to the went to school here. Her great movie singing Russian domination fallowed by German Philadelphia Museum of Art. Pause a while at partner, Nelson Eddy, once was a reporter in occupation during the First World War. the entrance to the museum and look back the church and school department o! the Lithuania experienced only two decades toward City Hall for the most photographed Evening Bulletin. Singers? South Phlladel of independence making great progress view of downtown Philadelphia's skyline. phia has produced many of them-Marlo in agriculture, social legislation, and edu Continue along East River Drive, beside the Lanza and Eddie Fisher, to name two. cation. The enjoyment of liberty was cut Schuylkill River. You are now in Fairmount But the central city o! William Penn and off when Lithuania was occupied by the Park, which covers 4,110 acres. On the wooded Ben Franklin still 1s the heartbeat of Phila h1lltops above the river drive are historic delphia. Red army in the Second World War. Fol houses open to the public. These were the A former Phlladelphian who stlll carries lowing the German attack on the Soviet "country" homes o! 18th century Philadel the torch, Koenig free-lances from Alex Union, Lithuania was in Nazi hands un phia. Benedict Arnold, marrying into the andria. til it was reoccupied by the Soviet Army Shippen family, owned one of them-Mt. in 1944. Since then it has been considered Pleasant. by the Soviet Union as a component Germantown ts but one of the many neigh republic. borhoods in the city of Philadelphia. Once LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY they were villages surrounding the heart of I salute the courageous people of Lith colonial Philadelphia. Germantown dates uania who know the value of freedom back to 1683, when the first German settlers that we often take for granted. It is ap invited by W1lliam Penn a.rrtved. The city HON. JOSHUA EILBERG propriate that we, as individuals, who expanded its borders to the north and the OF PENNSYLVANIA cherish the blessings of liberty, should west as the decades ticked away. Memories IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pay tribute to a people who have never atm linger on in the old neighborhoods. In wavered in their devotion to the cause the streets of North Philadelphia, w. c. Monday, March 4, 1974 of liberty for their country. We look for Fields Juggled apples and oranges as a boy helping his father sell them. some of the Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, I wish to ward to the day when Lithuania's inde Dukenfields (the true family name) are still joln with my colleagues today 1n com- pendence is restored. SE.NATE-Tuesday, March 5, 1974 The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was Mr. CLARK thereupon took the chair U.S. ARMY called to order by Hon. DicK CLARK, a as Acting President pro tempore. The second assistant legislative clerk Senator from the State of Iowa. read the nomination of Lt. Gen. Robert Edmondston Coffin, to be a lieutenant THE JOURNAL general. PRAYER The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask pore. Without objection, the nomination L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following unanimous consent that the reading of is considered Ml!d confirmed. prayer: the Journal of the proceedings of Mon Almighty God, in whom we live and day, March 4, 1974, be dispensed with. move and have our being, we need Thee The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem U.S. NAVY pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. every hour, in joy and in pain, in pros The second assistant legislative clerk perity and in adversity, in success and 1n proceeded to read sundry nominations in failure, 1n the moment of prayer and 1n the U.S. Navy. the hours of toll. To our human striving COMMITTEE :MEETINGS DURING Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask add Thy divine strength. If we forget SENATE SESSION Thee, do not forget us. Restrain and cor unanimous consent that the nominations rect us when we would do wrong. Con Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask be considered en bloc. · unanimous consent that all committees The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem firm and strengthen us when we would pore. Without objection, the nominations do right. Guide us by Thy Command may be authorized to meet durlng the ments and support us by Thy grace. Then session of the Senate today. are considered and confirmed en bloc. in quietness and confidence may we The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem leave the result to Thy unerring judg pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. ment, remembering that the judgments NOMINATIONS PLACED ON THE of the Lord are true and righteous alto SECRETARY'S DESK The second assistant legislative clerk gether. EXECUTIVE SESSION In Thy holy name we pray. Amen. proceeded to read sundry nominations Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask in the Air Force, the Army, and the Ma unanimous consent that the Senate go rine Corps, which had been placed on the into executive session to consider nomi Secretary's desk. APPOINTMENT OF ACTING nations on the Executive Calendar. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE There being no objection, the Senate pore. Without objection, the nominations The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk proceeded to the consideration of execu are considered and confirmed en 1bloc. will please read a communication to the tive business. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Senate from the President pro tempore The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem unanimous consent that the President (Mr. EASTLAND). pore. The nominations on the Executive be notified of the confirmation of these Calendar will be stated. nominations. The second assistant legislative clerk The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem read the following letter: pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. U.S. SENATE, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, U.S. AIR FORCE Washington, D.O., March 5, 1974. To the Senate: The second assistant legislative clerk LEGISLATIVE SESSION Being temporarily absent from 'the Senate read the nomination of Brig. Gen. John Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask on omcial duties, I appoint Hon. DICK CLARK, J. Pescll, to be a major general. a Senator from the State of Iowa, to perform unanimous consent that the Senate re the duties o! the Chair during my absence. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem sume the consideration of legislative JAMES 0. EASTLAND, pore. Without objection, the nomination business. President pro tempore. is considered and confirmed. There being no objection, the Senate