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Adult Author's New Gig Adult Authors Writing Children/Young Adult

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Articles Alice Hoffman 1 3 Andrea Seigel 7 Ann Brashares 8 10 Carl Hiaasen 13 16 21 Cory Doctorow 29 Danielle Steel 35 44 Francine Prose 53 Gabrielle Zevin 56 Gena Showalter 58 Heinlein juveniles 61 63 Jacquelyn Mitchard 70 James Frey 73 James Haskins 78 Jewell Parker Rhodes 80 John Grisham 82 88 Julia Alvarez 97 103 Kathy Reichs 106 Kim Harrison 110 Meg Cabot 114 Michael Chabon 122 Mike Lupica 132 Milton Meltzer 134 Nat Hentoff 136 140 Neil Gaiman bibliography 153 Nick Hornby 159 164 167 P. C. Cast 174 177 Peter Cameron (writer) 180 Rachel Vincent 182 Rebecca Moesta 185 Richelle Mead 187 Rick Riordan 191 Ridley Pearson 194 197 Robert A. Heinlein 210 Robert B. Parker 225 Sherman Alexie 232 Sherrilyn Kenyon 236 243 256 Tim Green 273 Timothy Zahn 275 References Article Sources and Contributors 280 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 288 Article Licenses License 290 Alice Hoffman 1 Alice Hoffman

Alice Hoffman Born March 16, 1952New York City, ,

Occupation Novelist, young-adult writer, children's writer

Nationality American

Period 1977–present

Genres , , historical fiction

[1]

Alice Hoffman (born March 16, 1952) is an American novelist and young-adult and children's writer, best known for her 1996 novel Practical Magic, which was adapted for a 1998 film of the same name. Many of her works fall into the genre of magic realism and contain elements of magic, irony, and non-standard romances and relationships.

Biography Born in , and raised on , Hoffman graduated from , where she received her BA, and received an MA in creative writing from Stanford University, where she was an Edith Mirrielees Fellow. Her first job was at the Doubleday publishing house, which later published two of her novels. She wrote the screenplay for the 1983 film Independence Day, starring Kathleen Quinlan and . Hoffman is a Scholar at the Brandeis Women's Studies Research Center [2] She currently lives in , with her husband. After being treated for breast cancer at Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, she helped establish the hospital's Hoffman Breast Center.[3]

Bibliography

Novels • Property Of (1977) • The Drowning Season (1979) • Angel Landing (1980) • White Horses (1982) • Fortune's Daughter (1985) • Illumination Night (1987) • At Risk (1988) • Seventh Heaven (1990) • Turtle Moon (1992) • Second Nature (1994) • Practical Magic (1996) • Here on Earth (1997) • Local Girls (1999) • The River King (1994) • Blue Diary (2001) • The Probable (2003) Alice Hoffman 2

• Blackbird House (2004) • The Ice Queen (2005) • Skylight Confessions (2007) • The Third Angel (2008) • The Story (2009)

Young adult novels • Aquamarine (2001) • Indigo (2002) • Green Angel (2003) • Tales: Aquamarine & Indigo (omnibus edition) (2003) • The Foretelling (2005) • Incantation (2006) • Green Witch (2010)

Children's books • Fireflies: A Winter's Tale (illustrated by Wayne McLoughlin) (1999) • Horsefly (paintings by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher) (2000) • Moondog (with Wolfe Martin; illustrated by Yumi Heo) (2004)

Filmography • Independence Day (1983) (writer) • Practical Magic (1998) (novel) • Sudbury (2004) (novel, Practical Magic) • The River King (2005) (novel) • Aquamarine (2006) (novel)

External links • Alice Hoffman's website [1] • Alice Hoffman [4] at the Internet Movie Database • Alice Hoffman [5] at the Internet Database • Radio Interview on WFMT's Writers on the Record with Victoria Lautman [6]

References

[1] http:/ / www. alicehoffman. com/

[2] (http:/ / www. brandeis. edu/ wsrc/ scholars/ profiles/ hoffman. html).

[3] Women’s Services–The Hoffman Breast Center (http:/ / www. mountauburn. caregroup. org/ body. cfm?id=29)

[4] http:/ / www. . com/ name/ nm0388805/

[5] http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Alice_Hoffman

[6] http:/ / www. victorialautman. com/ ontherecord. shtml#hoffman Andre Norton 3 Andre Norton

Andre Alice Norton Born Alice Mary NortonFebruary 17, 1912Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Died March 17, 2005 (aged 93)

Pen name Andre Norton, Andrew North, Allen Weston

Occupation novelist

Nationality American

Period 1934-2005

Genres , fantasy, Romance, adventure

Spouse(s) never married

Partner(s) none

Children none

Andre Alice Norton, née Alice Mary Norton (February 17, 1912 – March 17, 2005) was an American science fiction and fantasy author (with some works of historical fiction and contemporary fiction) under the noms de plume Andre Norton, Andrew North and Allen Weston. Norton published her first novel in 1934, and was the first woman to receive the Gandalf Grand Master Award from the World Science Fiction Society in 1977, and won the Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award from the SFWA in 1983. (Alan E. Nourse, assumed by some to be one of her noms de plume, was, in fact, another author of science fiction. Andre Norton is also to be distinguished from Mary Norton, British author of children's fantasy.)

Biography Alice Mary Norton was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Her parents were Adalbert Freely Norton, who owned a rug company, and Bertha Stemm Norton. She began writing at Collinwood High School in Cleveland, under the tutelage of Miss Sylvia Cochrane. She was the editor of a literary page in the school's paper called The Collinwood Spotlight for which she wrote short stories. During this time, she wrote her first book—Ralestone Luck, which was eventually published as her second novel in 1938, the first being The Prince Commands in 1934. After graduating from high school in 1930, Norton planned to become a teacher and began studying at Flora Stone Mather College of Western Reserve University. However, in 1932 she had to leave because of the Depression and began working for the Cleveland Library System,[1] where she remained for 18 years, latterly in the children's section of the Nottingham Branch Library in Cleveland. In 1934, she legally changed her name to Andre Alice Norton, a pen name she had adopted to increase her marketability, since boys were the main audience for fantasy.[1] From 1940 to 1941, she worked as a special librarian in the cataloguing department of the , involved in a project related to alien citizenship. The project was abruptly terminated upon the American entry into World War II. In 1941, she bought a bookstore called the Mystery House in Mount Rainier, Maryland. The business failed and she returned to the Cleveland Public Library until 1950. Then she began working as a reader for publisher and editor Martin Greenberg (not the science fiction author Martin H. Greenberg) at the Gnome Press company, where she remained until 1958, after which she became a full-time professional author.[2] Andre Norton 4

She was a member of the Swordsmen and Sorcerers' Guild of America (), a loose-knit group of Heroic Fantasy authors founded in the 1960s, some of whose works were anthologized in Lin Carter's Flashing Swords! anthologies. In later years, as Norton's health became uncertain, she moved to Florida in November 1966, and then to Murfreesboro, Tennessee. From February 21, 2005, she was under hospice care. She died at home on March 17, 2005, of congestive heart failure. Her final complete novel, Three Hands for Scorpio, was published on April 1, 2005. She was collaborating with Jean Rabe on the sequel to her 1979 novel Quag Keep, the Greyhawk novel Return to Quag Keep, when she died. Return to Quag Keep was completed by Rabe and published in 2006. On February 20, 2005, the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, which had earlier honored her with its Grand Master Award in 1983, announced the creation of the Andre Norton Award, to be given each year for an outstanding work of fantasy or science fiction for the young adult literature market, beginning in 2006. While the Andre Norton Award is not a , the eligibility requirements and award procedures are the same as those for the Nebula Awards. Often called the Grande Dame of Science Fiction and Fantasy by biographers such as J.M Cornwell[3] and organizations such as Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America[4] , Publishers Weekly[5] , and Time, Andre Norton wrote novels for over 70 years. She had a profound influence on the entire genre, having over 300 published titles read by at least four generations of science fiction and fantasy readers and writers. Notable authors who cite her influence include , Lois McMaster Bujold, C. J. Cherryh, Cecilia -Thornton[6] , Tanya Huff, Mercedes Lackey, Charles de Lint, Joan D. Vinge, David Weber, K. D. Wentworth, and Catherine Asaro.

Recurring themes Norton started out writing juvenile historical fiction and adventure, and then moved into fantasy and finally science fiction. Again and again in her works, alienated outsiders undertake a journey through which they realize their full potential; this emphasis on the rite of passage continued her association in many readers' minds with young adult fiction, although she became a best seller to adults.[7] In most Norton books, whether science-fiction or fantasy, the plot takes place in the open countryside, with only short episodes in a city environment. Protagonists usually about singly or in small groups, and in conflict situations they are more often scouts, spies or guerrillas rather than regular soldiers in large military formations.[8] As could be expected of such characters, they tend to be resourceful and capable of taking independent initiative. In some books, protagonists are introduced already in possession of such characteristics. In others the protagonists (often young) are thrust into situations where they must develop quickly, and invariably succeed at it. Many planets in the books are Earth-like places, where humans can live without special protection, and have extensive flora and fauna which are described in considerable detail and often have substantial bearing on the plot. Airless planets and ones with unbreathable atmospheres are sometimes mentioned in passing, but are virtually never the main scene of a Norton book. In many of her books, especially her mid-period and later , such as most of the Witch World series, there are settings described similarly, with ancient stone highways left by unknown civilizations, flanked by half-fallen walls overgrown with vines, and often studded with tall pillars topped by mythical shapes. These vistas are universally presented as almost vibrating with magical power. Another common setting, in both fantasies and science fiction, is of a room filled with alien super-scientific equipment, often wherein something evil (such as experimentation on humans or other living creatures) is going on. A common theme in the books is the presence of sympathetically presented feudal and tribal cultures. In several books Native American tribes and their various analogues are given a to be more successful than they were in actual American history. (Norton often told friends that she was proud of her little bit of Native American ancestry.) Nonhuman creatures and cultures are usually presented sympathetically, with human protagonists sometimes Andre Norton 5

supporting them against oppressive human authorities. In contrast, several books present technological and mechanized cultures as negative or even positively evil. Her 1965 book Year of the Unicorn, third in the High Hallack spinoff of her popular Witch World series, is the first time in American publishing history that a young woman is the primary protagonist in a fantasy book, a genre previously thought to be only of interest to boys/men. An important role in Norton's books is often given to animals — both ordinary terrestrial ones, such as cats (with whom she had much personal experience — see List of fictional cats#Andre Norton) and exotic fictional ones, whose characteristics are meticulously worked out. Many of Norton's animals are highly intelligent without being anthropomorphic, acting as virtually full partners to the human protagonists and in many books forming telepathic links with them. Some background elements, such as the use of "Credits" as a unit of currency and of the lethal "Blasters" and the non-lethal "Stunners" as the main hand-weapons, and an interstellar hub of dubious reputation called the Dipple, are common to many of Norton's science fiction books, even when they are not set in precisely the same future. A fictional board and counter called "Stars and Comets" appears in many Norton books. However, only fleeting hints of the rules are revealed. Counters styled as either "stars" or "comets" move across the board taking opponents' pieces. The rules of movement and capture seem to be very complex allowing hidden strategies and sudden reversals of fortune. It may be that there are both elements of skill and chance. Often, it is not the game being played itself which features, but references to it as an analogy of some plot situation. Its use helps to reinforce the alien culture being portrayed, and also gives the reader a sense of continuity between books portraying differing people and places. Cover of Voodoo Planet, by Andrew North Star Man's Son (a.k.a. Daybreak 2250 A.D.), the story of a young man's quest through a post-apocalyptic landscape, has been retold endlessly, in print and in film, though Norton never received proper recognition for developing this theme. She also developed the concept of traveling through alternate worlds in The Crossroads of Time. In the Time Trader series, she explored Celtic Europe, and Ice Age America, synthesizing of anthropology, archeology, and , and this series must also be seen as a pivotal exploration of , as a method of fictionally exploring cultures. The second book in the Time Trader series, Galactic Derelict, features the use of recovered alien technology, to enable human travel to the stars, and this theme is also very recurrent, with definite features developed by Andre Norton.

High Hallack Library The High Hallack Library was a facility that Andre Norton was instrumental in organizing and opening. Designed as a research facility for genre writers, and scholars of “popular” literature (the genres of science fiction, fantasy, mystery, western, romance, gothic, or horror), it was located near Norton’s home in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The facility, named after one of the continents in Norton’s Witch World series, was home to over 10,000 texts, videos and various other media. Attached to the facility were three guest rooms, allowing authors and scholars the chance to stay on-site to facilitate their research goals. The facility was opened on February 28, 1999, and operated until March 2004. Most of the collection was sold during the closing days of the facility. The declining health of Andre Norton was one of the leading causes of its Andre Norton 6

closing.

References

[1] Dennis Mclellan, "Andre Norton, 93; A Prolific Science Fiction, Fantasy Author," Obituary, Times, Mar. 19, 2005, http:/ /

articles. latimes. com/ 2005/ mar/ 19/ local/ me-norton19 accessed Dec. 15, 2008

[2] Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, "Andre Norton Dies at 93; a Master of Science Fiction," Obituary, New York Times, Mar. 18, 2005, http:/ /

www. nytimes. com/ 2005/ 03/ 18/ books/ 18norton. html?_r=1 accessed Oct. 26, 2009

[3] An Interview with Andre Norton (http:/ / www. theroseandthornezine. com/ Profile/ andrenorton. html)

[4] SWFA Biography (http:/ / www. sfwa. org/ archive/ news/ anorton. htm)

[5] SF Grande Dame (http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ article/ CA192013. html)

[6] Interview with Cecilia Dart-Thornton (http:/ / www. ceciliadartthornton. com/ intepg_1. html)

[7] Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, "Andre Norton Dies at 93; A Master of Science Fiction," Books, Mar. 18, 2005, http:/ /

www. nytimes. com/ 2005/ 03/ 18/ books/ 18norton. html accessed Dec. 15, 2008 [8] A. Jakes, "Fictional Soldiers", p. 46, 81

External links

• Official website (http:/ / http:/ / www. andre-norton. org)

• Detailed biography (http:/ / www. andre-norton. org/ anorton/ anbio. html)

• SFWA obituary (http:/ / www. sfwa. org/ archive/ news/ anorton. htm)

• Bibliography (http:/ / andre-norton-books. com/ Index. htm) Highly detailed bibliography containing Publisher listings, Cover-art, Non-Fiction Items and more.

• Andre Norton (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Andre_Norton) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Works by Andre Norton (http:/ / www. gutenberg. org/ author/ Andre_Norton) at Project Gutenberg

• Bibliography (http:/ / scifan. com/ writers/ nn/ NortonAndre. asp) at SciFan

• Audio books of Andre Norton (http:/ / librivox. org/ newcatalog/ search. php?title=& author=Andre+ norton) at LibriVox

• Work of Andre Norton (http:/ / www. holyebooks. org/ authors/ andre_norton/ index. html) at HolyeBooks.org - purchase books here Andrea Seigel 7 Andrea Seigel

Andrea Seigel Born October 28, 1979 (age 30)Anaheim, , United States

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American

Period 2002-present

[1]

Andrea Seigel (born October 28, 1979 in Anaheim, California) is an American novelist. To date she has published three novels.[2] [3] [4] [5] Andrea Seigel was born in Anaheim, California, to Larry and Eileen Seigel. She attended Brown University, and received her MFA from Bennington College in Vermont. In 2010 it was announced that Ivan Reitman will produce an adaptation of her young adult novel, "The Kid Table" for .[6]

Novels • Like the Red Panda (2004) • To Feel Stuff (2006) • The KId Table (2010)

References

[1] http:/ / www. andreaseigel. com/

[2] Salon (http:/ / dir. salon. com/ story/ books/ review/ 2004/ 07/ 07/ red_panda)

[3] SF Chronicle (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 2006/ 08/ 06/ RVGNDK8OIM1. DTL& type=books)

[4] Boston Globe (http:/ / www. boston. com/ news/ local/ articles/ 2004/ 05/ 27/ actors_compete_viewers_win/ )

[5] Bloomsbury Kids (http:/ / www. bloomsburykids. com/ books/ catalog/ kid_table_hc_801)

[6] Cinematical (http:/ / www. cinematical. com/ 2010/ 08/ 18/ reitman-to-take-a-seat-at-the-kids-table/ ) Ann Brashares 8 Ann Brashares

Ann Brashares (born July 30, 1967)[1] is an American writer of young adult fiction. She is best known as the author of The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants series of books. Brashares was born in Alexandria, Virginia and grew up in Chevy Chase, Maryland. She attended elementary and high school at the Sidwell Friends School in Washington D.C. After studying philosophy at Barnard College, she worked as an editor for 17th Street Productions. 17th Street was acquired by , and following the acquisition she worked briefly for Alloy.

After leaving Alloy she wrote The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, which became an international best seller. It was followed with three more titles in the "Pants" series, the last of which, Forever in Blue, was released in January, 2007. The first book in the series was made into a film in 2005, and a second film based on the other three titles in the Brashares, photographed in 2006 series was released in August, 2008. Brashares's first adult novel, The Last Summer (of You and Me) was released in 2007. A companion book to the Sisterhood series, 3 Willows: The Sisterhood Grows was published in 2009. A second novel for adults, My Name is Memory was published in 2010 and has been optioned for film.[2] She lives in New York with her artist husband, Jacob Collins, and children Nathaniel, Samuel, and Susannah.

Bibliography Brashares mainly writes for young adults. Besides the four Sisterhood books and their companion book, 3 Willows, she has contributed two titles to the Techies non-fiction book series and published two novels for adults.

Non-Fiction • 2001 — Linus Torvalds, Software Rebel • 2001 — Thinks Different

Fiction • 2001 — Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants • 2003 — The Second Summer of the Sisterhood • 2005 — Girls in Pants: The Third Summer of the Sisterhood • 2007 — Forever in Blue: The Fourth Summer of the Sisterhood • 2007 — The Last Summer (of You and Me) • 2009 — 3 Willows: The Sisterhood Grows • 2010 — My Name Is Memory Ann Brashares 9

External links • Ann Brashares' website [3] • Sisterhood Central biography [4] • Teenreads biography [5] • Alumna profile at Barnard College [6] • New York Times profiles Brashares, her husband, and their renovated East Side carriage house, January 4, 2007 [7] • Ann Brashares [8] at the Internet Movie Database

References

[1] Barnard College Newscenter (http:/ / www. barnard. edu/ newnews/ news053105. html)

[2] Fleming, Michael. " New Regency finds 'Memory' (http:/ / www. variety. com/ article/ VR1118011155. html?categoryid=13& cs=1)". Variety. Nov. 10, 2009. Accessed Sept. 8, 2010.

[3] http:/ / annbrashares. com/

[4] http:/ / www. random-house. com/ teens/ sisterhoodcentral/ author. html

[5] http:/ / www. teenreads. com/ authors/ au-brashares-ann. asp

[6] http:/ / www. barnard. edu/ alum/ action/ 0505brashares. html

[7] http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 01/ 04/ garden/ 04pants. html?_r=1& oref=slogin

[8] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm1569351/ Brandon Sanderson 10 Brandon Sanderson

Brandon Sanderson

Sanderson at CONduit 17.

Born December 19, 1975Nebraska

Occupation writer, creative writing instructor

Nationality USA

Genres Fantasy

[1]

Brandon Sanderson (born December 19, 1975) is an American fantasy author. A Nebraska native,[2] [3] he currently resides in American Fork, Utah. He earned his Master's degree in Creative Writing in 2005 from Brigham Young University,[4] where he was on the staff of Leading Edge, a semi-professional speculative fiction magazine published by the university. He was a college roommate of Jeopardy! champion Ken Jennings.[5] He has been nominated twice for the John W. Campbell Award.[6] Sanderson was married on July 7, 2006[7] and is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day .[3] After 's death, Brandon Sanderson was selected by Harriet McDougal (Robert Jordan's widow), to complete the final book in Jordan's epic fantasy series . Harriet asked him to complete the series after being deeply impressed by Mistborn: The Final .[8] made the announcement December 7, 2007.[9] On March 30, 2009 it was announced that A Memory of Light, originally slated to be the final book in the Wheel of Time series, will be split into three volumes. The first, The Gathering Storm, was released on October 27, 2009,[10] and Towers of Midnight was released on November 2, 2010, with the remaining novel, named A Memory of Light, tentatively following in November 2011.[11] However, Brandon has indicated in some interviews that A Memory of Light might be released as late as 2012, as he intends to completely re-read the entire series before writing it (and also wants to make sure it is done right). Brandon Sanderson 11

Bibliography

Stand-alone novels • (2005, ISBN 0765311771) • Warbreaker (2009, ISBN 978-0-7653-20308) - Warbreaker was published in hardcover format in June 2009 by Tor/St. Martin's Press/Macmillan USA. Sanderson released several rewrites of this title under a Creative Commons license, one chapter at a time.[12] Older drafts of the various chapters are also available. • The Rithmatist (Forthcoming 2012)[13]

Alcatraz • Alcatraz Versus the Evil Librarians (2007, ISBN 978-0439925525) • Alcatraz Versus the Scrivener's Bones (2008, ISBN 978-0439925549) • Alcatraz Versus the Knights of Crystallia (2009, ISBN 978-0439925556) • Alcatraz Versus the Shattered Lens (1 December 2010, ISBN 978-0439925570)

Mistborn • Mistborn: The Final Empire (2006, ISBN 076531178X) • Mistborn: The Well of Ascension (2007, ISBN 0765316889) • Mistborn: The Hero of Ages (2008, ISBN 978-0765356147) • Mistborn: The Alloy of Law[14] (forthcoming[15] )

The Wheel of Time • The Gathering Storm (2009, ISBN 978-0765302304) • Towers of Midnight (2 November 2010, ISBN 978-0765325945)[16] [17] • A Memory of Light (forthcoming 2012)[18]

The Stormlight Archive • The Way of Kings (31 August 2010, ISBN 978-0765326355)[2] [16] [19] • The Highprince of War[20] (former title[21] )

References

[1] http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com

[2] "Profile for Brandon Sanderson" (http:/ / www. writertopia. com/ profiles/ BrandonSanderson). Writertopia. . Retrieved 2006-08-10.

[3] "Famous Mormon Writers and Authors" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20060815004428/ http:/ / morgannews. us/ auth. html). Archived

from the original (http:/ / morgannews. us/ auth. html) on 2006-08-15. . Retrieved 2006-08-10.

[4] "Winter 2006 Alumni Profiles Update" (http:/ / magazine. byu. edu/ ?act=view& a=1794). BYU Magazine. . Retrieved 2007-01-17.

[5] "" (http:/ / ken-jennings. com/ blog/ ?p=662). 2007-12-11. . Retrieved 2009-11-02.

[6] Wenger, Kaimi (2007-06-11). "MWS: Brandon Sanderson" (http:/ / www. timesandseasons. org/ ?p=3897). Times & Seasons. . Retrieved 2007-12-20.

[7] "Newsletter, July 2006" (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ article. php?id=35). . Retrieved 2006-08-10.

[8] An interview with Brandon Sanderson - December 8, 2007 (http:/ / www. dragonmount. com/ Books/ Memory_of_Light/

brandon_interview_01. php) [9] "Tor announces that the final novel in bestselling Robert Jordan's legendary Wheel of Time fantasy series will be completed by author

Brandon Sanderson" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071212090331/ http:/ / www. tor-forge. com/ NewsArticle. aspx?articleId=647).

Tor-Forge.com. 2007-12-07. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. tor-forge. com/ NewsArticle. aspx?articleId=647) on 2007-12-12. . Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[10] "The Gathering Storm coming sooner than expected" (http:/ / brandonsanderson. com/ blog/ 815/ The-Gathering-Storm-coming-sooner-than-expected). . Retrieved 2009-09-08.

[11] "Brandon Sanders: Splitting AMOL date" (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ article/ 56/ Splitting-AMOL). . Retrieved 2009-06-22. Brandon Sanderson 12

[12] "Warbreaker" (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ page. php?id=20). BrandonSanderson.com. . Retrieved 2006-08-10.

[13] "Tweets December 2–13" (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ blog/ 946/ Tweets-December-2-13=). BrandonSanderson.com. . Retrieved 2010-12-24.

[14] "Tweets November 12–19." Brandonsanderson.com, 19 Nov., 2010. 20 Nov., 2010 (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ blog/ 937/ Tweets-November-12-19).

[15] "Tweets November 5–11 part 2." Brandonsanderson.com, 11 Nov., 2010. 20 Nov., 2010 (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ blog/ 934/ Tweets-November-5-11-part-2).

[16] "Another Long-Winded Explanation of Various Things" (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ blog/ 784/ Another-Long-Winded-Explanation-of-Various-Things). BrandonSanderson.com. . Retrieved 2009-05-09.

[17] "Tor Fall 2010 Hardcovers and Trade ." (http:/ / media. us. macmillan. com/ video/ olmk/ catalogs/ fall2010/ Tor-Fall2010. pdf). .

[18] "Recap of JordanCon (AKA: Adventures at Rand Al’Con)" (http:/ / www. tor. com/ index2. php?option=com_content& view=blog& id=24065). Richard Fife. . Retrieved 2009-07-30.

[19] http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ blog/ 803/ DONE [20] "The Brandon Sanderson Interview: A StompingMad YetiHatter Collaboration - Part 2 of 2 ~ Mad Hatter's Bookshelf & Book Review"

(http:/ / booktionary. blogspot. com/ 2010/ 09/ brandon-sanderson-interview-stompingmad. html). .

[21] "Brandon Sanderson Blog: Another Long and Rambling Post on Future Books" (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com/ blog/ 925/ Another-Long-and-Rambling-Post-on-Future-Books). . Retrieved 2010-12-04.

External links

• Sanderson's personal website (http:/ / www. brandonsanderson. com)

• Writing Excuses - Brandon's writing podcast (http:/ / www. writingexcuses. com)

• Interview with Brandon on Mad Hatter's Bookshelf and Book Review (http:/ / booktionary. blogspot. com/ 2010/

09/ brandon-sanderson-interview-stompingmad. html)

• Brandon Sanderson Talks to AMCtv.com About The Wheel of Time (http:/ / blogs. amctv. com/ scifi-scanner/

2009/ 05/ brandon-sanderson-interview. php)

• Brandon Sanderson (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Brandon_Sanderson) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Video Interview with Brandon Sanderson at BSCreview (http:/ / www. bscreview. com/ 2009/ 06/

brandon-sanderson-interview-bookexpo-america-2009-video/ )

• Fan-made [[wiki (http:/ / www. 17thshard. com/ wiki/ )] for all of Brandon's Sanderson's books.] Carl Hiaasen 13 Carl Hiaasen

Carl Hiaasen Born March 12, 1953Plantation, Florida, U.S.

Occupation Novelist, Journalist

Nationality American

Genres Crime Fiction, Thrillers, Satirical Fiction

Spouse(s) Fenia Clizer (1999–present) Connie Lyford (1970–1996)

[1]

Carl Hiaasen (pronounced /ˈhaɪ.əsɛn/) (born March 12, 1953) is an American journalist, columnist and novelist.

Early years Born and raised in Plantation, Florida, of Norwegian heritage,[2] Hiaasen was the first of four children and the son of a lawyer, Kermit Odel, and teacher, Patricia. He married Connie Lyford just after high-school graduation and entered Emory University in 1970, where he contributed numerous satiric pieces to the school , The Emory Wheel. In 1972 he transferred to the University of Florida, where he wrote for The Independent Florida Alligator. Hiaasen graduated in 1974 with a degree in . Carl and Connie divorced in 1996, and he married Fenia Clizer in 1999. He has one son from each of his two marriages. He was a reporter for Cocoa Today (Cocoa, Florida) for two years beginning in 1974, then was hired by the Miami Herald in 1976, where he still (as of 2010) works.[3] In 1979 he switched to investigative journalism, initially focusing on property development and the construction industry, exposing schemes to despoil the natural beauty of Florida for profit; several of his novels have plots based on such themes. He began writing a regular column in 1985; initially three times a week, but after the success of his novels, he cut back to weekly.[4]

Novelist After becoming an investigative reporter, Hiassen began to write novels. His first three were co-written by fellow journalist Bill Montalbano: Powder Burn (1981), Trap Line (1981), and A Death in China (1986). Montalbano accepted a job as a foreign correspondent in 1986 and Hiaasen wrote his first solo novel, Tourist Season, where most of the themes and style used in subsequent books were introduced.[3] Hiaasen's fiction mirrors his concerns as a journalist and Floridian. His novels have been classified as "environmental thrillers" and are usually found on the mystery shelves in bookshops, although they can just as well be read as mainstream reflections of contemporary life. His books have been published in 33 different languages. He said this about Florida: "The Sunshine State is a paradise of scandals teeming with drifters, deadbeats, and misfits drawn here by some dark primordial calling like demented trout. And you'd be surprised how many of them decide to run for public office." [5] Hiaasen's Florida is a hive of greedy businessmen, corrupt politicians, dumb blondes, apathetic retirees, intellectually challenged tourists, hard-luck redneck cooters, and militant ecoteurs. It is the same Florida of John D. MacDonald and Travis McGee, but aged another 20 years and viewed with a more satiric or sardonic eye. Hiaasen's first venture into writing children's novels was Hoot (he had a role in the movie), which received the Newbery Honor Award and was made into a movie, with Jimmy Buffett playing the role of a classroom teacher.[6] [7] Carl Hiaasen 14

Hiaasen's second children's novel was Flush,[8] and his most recent was Scat. Hiaasen's young adult novels follow the theme of environmental issues. They also have his characteristic unique characters and some theme of adventure. Hiaasen worked for several years with British theatre producers for the adaptation of his Lucky You; the resulting play includes music by Loudon Wainwright III, and premiered at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2008.[9] In addition to writing, Hiaasen also does speaking engagements and lectures.

Bibliography

Fiction

Adult Fiction • Tourist Season (1986) • Double Whammy (1987) • Skin Tight (1989) • Native Tongue (1991) • Strip Tease (1993) (filmed in 1996 as Striptease by Andrew Bergman, starring Demi Moore and Burt Reynolds)[3] • Stormy Weather (1995) • Lucky You (1997) • Naked Came the Manatee (1998) (Collaboration with 12 other authors) • Sick Puppy (2000) • Basket Case (2002) • Skinny Dip (2004) • Nature Girl (2006) • Star Island (2010) With Bill Montalbano • Powder Burn (1981) • Trap Line (1982) • A Death in China (1984)

Young Adult Fiction • Hoot (2002) (young adult novel) (released as a movie in May 2006 by director Wil Shriner)[3] • Flush (2005) (young adult novel) • Scat (2009) (young adult novel)

Short stories • "Tart of Darkness [10]" (2003, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue)

Non-fiction • Team Rodent: How Disney Devours the World (1998) • Kick Ass (1999) • Paradise Screwed: Selected Columns (2001) • The Downhill Lie (2008) Carl Hiaasen 15

Collections • A Carl Hiaasen Collection (2000) (an audiobook set containing Tourist Season, Stormy Weather, and Strip Tease)

Awards "Hoot," Hiassen's first book for young readers, has won both a Newbery Honor from the Association for Library Service to Children and won the 2005 Rebecca Caudill Young Readers' Book Award, selected for the latter honor by school-age children (grades 4-8) in the U.S. State of Illinois.[11]

References

[1] http:/ / www. carlhiaasen. com/

[2] "My Lunch with Carl Hiaasen" (http:/ / archive. salon. com/ people/ lunch/ 2000/ 01/ 31/ hiaasen/ index. html). Salon. . Retrieved 2008-10-08.

[3] "Biography" (http:/ / www. carlhiaasen. com/ bio. html). Carl Hiaasen's Official Website. . Retrieved 2008-10-08.

[4] (http:/ / www. miamiherald. com/ 424) Miami Herald, Columnists, Carl Hiaasen

[5] Kroft, Steve: "Florida: A Paradise Of Scandals" (http:/ / www. cbsnews. com/ stories/ 2005/ 04/ 15/ 60minutes/ main688458. shtml) CBS News , April 17, 2005

[6] "The Book" (http:/ / www. hootmovie. com/ dl_the_book. html). Official Hoot Site. . Retrieved 2008-10-08.

[7] "Hoot" (http:/ / www. newline. com/ properties/ hoot. html). New Line Cinema. . Retrieved 2008-10-08.

[8] "Books: Flush" (http:/ / www. carlhiaasen. com/ books/ books-flush. html). Carl Hiaasen's Official Website. . Retrieved 2008-10-08.

[9] "Fringe Brochure 2008" (http:/ / www. scribd. com/ doc/ 3970826/ Fringe-Brochure-2008) (Archived at Scribd). Edinburgh Comedy Festival. . Retrieved September 26, 2010.

[10] http:/ / vault. sportsillustrated. . com/ vault/ article/ magazine/ MAG1028052/ index. htm

[11] "Past Winners of the Caudill Award" (http:/ / www. rebeccacaudill. org/ winners/ index. htm). Rebecca Caudill Young Readers' Book Award. . Retrieved 2008-10-08.

External links

• Carl Hiaasen's homepage (http:/ / www. carlhiaasen. com)

• Carl Hiaasen's columns in The Miami Herald (http:/ / www. miamiherald. com/ 424/ index. html)

• Works by or about Carl Hiaasen (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-n85-133706) in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Charles de Lint 16 Charles de Lint

Charles de Lint Born December 22, 1951Bussum,

Pen name Samuel M. Key

Occupation Author

Nationality Canadian

Genres Fantasy and horror

[1]

Charles de Lint (born December 22, 1951) is a Canadian fantasy author and Celtic folk musician. He is also the chief book critic for The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. Along with writers like and John Crowley, de Lint popularized the genres of urban fantasy and which fall somewhere between classical fantasy literature, and mainstream fiction with a magical realist bent. His works have been nominated for the Nebula award once and for the 12 times.

Biography He was born in Bussum, the Netherlands, and emigrated to at the age of four months. He now lives in Ottawa with his wife, artist and musician MaryAnn Harris. He published three novels under the pseudonym Samuel M. Key which have subsequently been reprinted by Orb Books as by Charles de Lint. Many of his later stories center around the mythical North American city of Newford and a regular cast of characters that make cameo and feature appearances. He has received many awards including the 2000 World Fantasy Award for Best Collection for Moonlight and Vines. He has also published a children's book, Circle of Cats, with artist .[2] In addition to being the author of numerous novels and short stories, de Lint is also a poet, musician, artist, folklorist, and critic. His can be found online in the Endicott Studio Journal of Mythic Arts. His 1984 urban fantasy novel, Moonheart, is Tor's best-selling trade for their Orb line. De Lint has published 60 books (excluding foreign editions and reprints), thus gaining a reputation as a master in his field. He has taught creative writing workshops in Canada and the United States, and was writer‑in‑residence for 2 public libraries in Ottawa. He has also written original songs; his main instruments are flute, fiddle, whistles, vocals and guitar.[3] A message board was created and named in his honor: de Lintad, Charles de Lint, MoonHeart.[4] On October 9, 2007, de Lint was one of the guests who appeared as part of the Bolen Books Fall Series (with Jack Whyte (Oct. 13), Will Ferguson (Oct. 16) and James Barber (Oct. 20). Bolen Books was awarded the 2007 Libris Award for Bookseller of the Year. Co-ordinator Robert Wiersema said this of him: “He’s a classic storyteller with a tremendously broad appeal. Readers who don’t know him would, I think, be surprised at how much they would like his work. I’m hoping some of those readers turn up.”[5] Charles de Lint 17

Bibliography

Novels • The Riddle of the Wren (1984) • Moonheart (1984) • The Harp of the Grey Rose (1985) • Mulengro: A Romany Tale (1985) • Yarrow (1986) • Jack, the Giant Killer (1987) (re-published in Jack of Kinrowan) • Greenmantle (1988) • Wolf Moon (1988) • Svaha (1989) • The Valley of Thunder (Philip José Farmer's The Dungeon, Vol. 3, Dungeon series) (1989) • The Hidden City (Philip José Farmer's The Dungeon, Vol. 5) (1990) • The Fair in Emain Macha (1990) • Drink Down the Moon (1990) (re-published in Jack of Kinrowan) • Angel of Darkness (First published under the pseudonym Samuel M. Key) (1990) • The Little Country (1991) — 1992 World Fantasy award nominee • From a Whisper to a Scream (First published under the pseudonym Samuel M. Key) (1992) • Into The Green (1993) • I'll Be Watching You (First published under the pseudonym Samuel M. Key) (1994) • The Wild Wood (Brian Froud's Faerielands, Illustrated by Brian Froud) (1994) • Memory and Dream (1994) • Trader (1997) — 1998 World Fantasy award nominee • Someplace to Be Flying (1998) — 1999 World Fantasy award nominee • Forests of the Heart (2000) — 2000 Nebula award nominee • The Road to Lisdoonvarna (2001) • The Onion Girl (2001) — 2002 World Fantasy award nominee • Spirits in the Wires (2003) • Medicine Road (Illustrated by Charles Vess) (2004) • Widdershins (2006) • The Mystery of Grace (2009)

Young Adult Novels • The Dreaming Place (Illustrated by Brian Froud) (1990) • The Blue Girl (2004) • Little (Grrl) Lost (2007) • Dingo (2008) • The Painted Boy (2010) Charles de Lint 18

Novellas • (1989) • Our Lady of the Harbour (1991) — 1992 World Fantasy award nominee • Paperjack (1992) — 1993 World Fantasy award nominee • Death Leaves an Echo (Part of three collection, Cafe Purgatoriam) (1991) • Seven Wild Sisters (Illustrated by Charles Vess) (2002) — 2003 World Fantasy award nominee • A Circle of Cats (Illustrated by Charles Vess) (2003) — 2004 World Fantasy award nominee • Promises to Keep (2007)

Chapbooks • Ghosts of Wind and Shadow (1991) • Refinerytown (2003) • This Moment (2005) • Make A Joyful Noise (2006) • Old Man Crow (2007) • Riding Shotgun (2007) • Yellow Dog (2008)

Short Stories Published in Book Form • Ascian in Rose (1987) (re-published in Spiritwalk) • Westlin Wind (1989) (re-published in Spiritwalk) • Ghostwood (1990) (re-published in Spiritwalk) • Uncle Dobbin's Parrot Fair (1991) (re-published in Dreams Underfoot) • Our Lady of the Harbour (1991) (re-published in Dreams Underfoot) • Paperjack (1991) (re-published in Dreams Underfoot) • Merlin Dreams in the Mondream Wood (1992) (re-published in Spiritwalk) • The Wishing Well (1993) (re-published in The Ivory and the Horn) • The Buffalo Man (1999) (re-published in Tapping the Dream Tree)

Picture Books • A Circle of Cats (2003)

Collections • De Grijze Roos ("The Grey Rose") (1983) • Hedgework and Guessery (1991) • Spiritwalk (1992) • Dreams Underfoot (1993) • The Ivory and the Horn (1995) • Jack of Kinrowan (1995) • Moonlight and Vines (1999) • The Newford Stories (1999) (Contains the stories from Dreams Underfoot, The Ivory and the Horn, and Moonlight and Vines) • Triskell Tales (2000) • Waifs and Strays (2002) • Tapping the Dream Tree (2002) • A Handful of Coppers (Collected Early Stories, Vol.1: Heroic Fantasy) (2003) Charles de Lint 19

• Quicksilver & Shadow (Collected Early Stories, Vol.2) (2004) • The Hour Before Dawn (2005) • Triskell Tales 2 (2006) • What the Mouse Found (2008) • Woods and Wild (2009) • Muse and Reverie (2009) • The Very Best of Charles de Lint (2010, )

The Newford Series • The Dreaming Place (1990) • From a Whisper to a Scream (originally credited to "Samuel M. Key")(1992) • Dreams Underfoot (1993) • I'll Be Watching You (originally credited to "Samuel M. Key")(1994) • Memory and Dream (1994) • The Ivory and the Horn (1995) • Trader (1997) • Someplace to be Flying (1998) • Moonlight and Vines (1999) • The Newford Stories (1999) (Compiles Dreams Underfoot, The Ivory and the Horn, and Moonlight and vines) • Forests of the Heart (2000) • The Onion Girl (2001) • Seven Wild Sisters (2002) • Tapping the Dream Tree (2002) • Spirits in the Wires (2003) • Medicine Road (2003) • A Circle of Cats (2003) (Written as a children's book) • The Blue Girl (2004) • The Hour Before Dawn (2005) • Widdershins (2006) • Promises to Keep (2007) • Old Man Crow (2007) • Dingo (2008) • Muse and Reverie (2009) Publication dates taken from Charles de Lint [1]

Short stories • "The Valley of the " in Sword and Sorceress I (1984) • "Cold Blows The Wind" in Sword and Sorceress II (1985) • "The Weeping Oak" in Sword and Sorceress IV (1987) • "Into the Green" in Sword and Sorceress V (1988) • "One Chance" in (edited by and Martin H. Greenberg). Reprinted in Bruce Coville's Book of Spine Tinglers (1988) • "The Butter Spirit's Tithe (2004) in Emerald Magic De Lint also scripted several comic books for Barry Blair's Aircel Publishing in the mid-1980s. His short story, "The Sacred Fire [6]" was made into a short film by Peter Billingsley and Robert Meyer Burnett in 1994. Originally set on and near the fictional campus of Butler University in Newford, the setting was changed to Charles de Lint 20

Beverly Hills for the film. It was also adapted as an episode of The Hunger in January of 2000.

Reviews • De Lint writes a regular review column called "Books to Look For" [7] for the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction.

See also • Contemporary fantasy

References

[1] http:/ / www. charlesdelint. com

[2] Charles de Lint: A Circle of Cats (2003) Description (http:/ / www. sfsite. com/ charlesdelint/ circle-desc01. htm)

[3] Charles de Lint, Biography (http:/ / www. sfsite. com/ charlesdelint/ bio01. htm)

[4] deLintiad ~ a Runboard.com free message board (http:/ / com5. runboard. com/ bdelintiad)

[5] Victoria News, Authors tell tales in person (http:/ / www. vicnews. com/ portals-code/ list. cgi?paper=36& cat=47& id=1071868& more=0)

[6] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0293565/

[7] http:/ / www. sfsite. com/ fsf/ dcharlesdelint. htm

External links

• Charles de Lint (http:/ / www. charlesdelint. com)

• Charles de Lint (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Charles_de_Lint) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Charles de Lint Reading List (http:/ / www. sfsite. com/ lists/ cdl. htm) from SF Site

• Endicott Studio bio page (http:/ / www. endicott-studio. com/ bios/ biodeLintharris. html)

• Charles de Lint (http:/ / www. sfsite. com/ charlesdelint/ )

• Charles de Lint, Homepage (http:/ / www. sfsite. com/ charlesdelint/ index2. htm)

• Charles de Lint, Brainy Quotes (http:/ / www. brainyquote. com/ quotes/ authors/ c/ charles_de_lint. html)

• Charles de Lint Reviews (http:/ / www. fantasyliterature. net/ delintcharles. html) Clive Barker 21 Clive Barker

Clive Barker

Clive Barker in 2007 at the EMP/Science Fiction Museum in .

Born 5 October 1952Liverpool, , UK

Occupation Author, film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, playwright, painter, illustrator & visual artist

Nationality British

Genres Horror, Fantasy

Partner(s) David Armstrong

[1] Clive Barker 22

Clive Barker (born 5 October 1952) is an English author, film director and visual artist best known for his work in both fantasy and . Barker came to prominence in the mid-1980s with a series of short stories which established him as a leading young horror writer. He has since written many novels and other works, and his fiction has been adapted into motion pictures, notably the series.

Personal life

Clive Barker was born in Liverpool, England, the son of Joan Rubie (née Revill), a painter and school welfare officer, and Leonard Barker, a personnel director for an industrial relations firm.[2] [3] Educated at Dovedale Primary School and Quarry Bank High School, he studied English and Philosophy at Liverpool University and his picture now hangs in the entrance hallway to the Philosophy Department. It was in Liverpool in 1975 that he met his first partner, John Gregson, with whom he lived until 1986. Gregson was a major influence in Barker's early artistic life and provided the support mechanisms that enabled Barker to indulge in his love Critical Wave #6, published 1988. Portrait of Clive Barker by Iain Byers. of theatre and writing novels. Volume 2 of 'The ' and 'The Damnation Game' are dedicated to him. Barker now lives in Los Angeles, California.

In 2003, Clive Barker received The Davidson/Valentini Award at the 15th GLAAD Media Awards. This award is presented "to an openly lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender individual who has made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for any of those communities".[4] While Barker is critical of organized religion, he has stated that he is a believer in both and the , and that the Bible influences his work.[5] Clive Barker had said, "I want to be remembered as an imaginer, someone who used his imagination as a way to journey beyond the limits of self, beyond the limits of flesh and blood, beyond the limits of even perhaps life itself, in order to discover some sense of order in what appears to be a disordered universe. I'm using my imagination to find meaning, both for myself and, I hope, for my readers." Fans have noticed of late that Barker's voice has become gravelly and coarse. He says in a December 2008 online interview (published March 2009) that this is due to polyps in his throat which were so severe that a doctor told him he was taking in ten percent of the he was supposed to have been getting. He has had two to remove them and believes his resultant voice is an improvement over how it was prior to the surgeries. He said he did not have cancer and has given up cigars.[6] On August 27, 2010, Barker underwent yet again to remove new polyp growths from his throat. According to his website, the surgery went well and was without complications. Clive Barker 23

Writing career Barker is one of the leading authors of contemporary horror/fantasy, writing in the horror genre early in his career, mostly in the form of short stories (collected in Books of Blood 1 – 6), and the Faustian novel The Damnation Game (1985). Later he moved towards modern-day fantasy and urban fantasy with horror elements in Weaveworld (1987), The Great and Secret Show (1989), the world-spanning Imajica (1991) and (1996), bringing in the deeper, richer concepts of reality, the nature of the mind and dreams, and the power of words and memories. Barker's distinctive style is characterized by the notion of hidden fantastical worlds coexisting with our own, the role of sexuality in the supernatural and the construction of coherent, complex and detailed universes. Barker has referred to this style as "dark fantasy" or the "fantastique". His stories are notable for a deliberate blurring of the distinction between binary opposites such as and heaven, or pleasure and pain (the latter particularly so in The Hellbound Heart). When the Books of Blood were first published in the United States in paperback, was quoted on the book covers: "I have seen the future of horror, his name is Clive Barker."[7] Critical studies of Barker's work include Clive Barker's Short Stories (1994) by Gary Hoppenstand,[8] and an essay in S. T. Joshi's The Modern Weird Tale (2001). As for influences on his writing, Barker lists Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe, , William S. Burroughs, and Jean Cocteau, among others.[9] He is also the writer of the best-selling Abarat series, and plans on producing three more novels in the series. Barker's basic philosophy and approach are revealed clearly in his written foreword to H.R. Giger's illustrated work, "Necronomicon."

Film work Barker has a keen interest in movie production, although his films have received mixed receptions. He wrote the screenplays for Underworld (aka Transmutations – 1985) and Rawhead Rex (1986), both directed by George Pavlou.[10] Displeased by how his material was handled, he moved to directing with Hellraiser (1987), based on his novella The Hellbound Heart. His early movies, the shorts The Forbidden and Salome, are experimental art movies with surrealist elements, which have been re-released together to moderate critical acclaim. After his film (), which was widely considered to be a flop, Barker returned to write and direct Lord of Illusions. Barker was an executive producer of the film and Monsters, which received major critical acclaim. He had been working on a series of movie adaptations of his The Abarat Quintet books under Disney's management, but has admitted that because of creative differences, this project will not go ahead. He is developing a film based on his Tortured line of toys from McFarlane Toys. In October 2006, Barker announced through his official website that he will be writing the script to a forthcoming remake of the original Hellraiser movie.[11] [12] A short story titled "The Forbidden", from Barker's Books of Blood, provided the basis for the film and its two sequels. Japanese director Ryuhei Kitamura directed the 2008 film Midnight Meat Train from Jeff Buhler's screenplay based on Barker's short story of the same name for Lakeshore Entertainment and Lionsgate. In 2008, a movie was made from one of his "Book of Blood" short stories.[13] Clive Barker's Book of Blood was moderately well received, but was not very profitable. In 2009 Barker's short story Dread (also from the Books of Blood) was made into a film and received good reviews. Dread (2009) on IMDb [14] Clive Barker 24

Visual art and plays Barker is a prolific visual artist working in a variety of media, often illustrating his own books. His paintings have been seen first on the covers of his official fan club magazine, Dread, published by Fantaco in the early Nineties, as well on the covers of the collections of his plays, Incarnations (1995) and Forms of Heaven (1996), as well as on the second printing of the original UK publications of his Books of Blood series. His artwork is currently exhibited at Bert Green Fine Art [15] in Los Angeles, CA, and in the past has been shown at the Bess Cutler Gallery in New York and La Luz De Jesus in Los Angeles. Many of his sketches and paintings can be found in the collection Clive Barker, Illustrator, published in 1990 by Arcane/Eclipse Books, and in Visions of Heaven and Hell, published in 2005 by Rizzoli Books. The most complete selection of Clive Barker's paintings and drawings are available to view in a gallery setting on the website Clive Barker Imaginer. [16] Clive's official site has an extensive online gallery [17] of his artwork including exclusive sketches, the Imagining Man project and unpublished work-in-progress. He worked on the creative side of a horror game, Clive Barker's Undying, providing the voice for the character Ambrose. Undying was developed by DreamWorks Interactive and released in 2001. Barker provided the artwork for his young adult novel The Thief of Always (1992) as well as the Abarat series. Barker announced in July 2006 that he has returned to the industry, working on Clive Barker's Jericho for Codemasters which was released in late 2007.[18] Barker created for Diguise Costumes,[19] The Dark Bazaar a sortiment of Halloween costumes.[20] [21]

Comic books A longtime comics fan, Barker achieved his dream of publishing his own books when launched the imprint in 1993. Based on detailed premises, titles and lead characters he created specifically for this, the four interrelated titles — set outside the Marvel universe — were Ectokid (written first by , then by future Matrix co-creator Larry Wachowski, with art by Steve Skroce), Hokum & Hex (written by Frank Lovece, art by Anthony Williams), Hyperkind (written by Fred Burke, art by Cullins and Bob Petrecca) and (written by Elaine Lee, art by Max Douglas). A 2002 Barker telefilm titled Saint Sinner bore no relation to the comic. Barker horror adaptations and spin-offs in comics include the Marvel/Epic series Hellraiser, Nightbreed, , The Harrowers, Book of the Damned and Jihad; Eclipse Books' series and graphic novels Tapping The Vein, Dread, Son of Celluloid, Revelations The Life of Death, Rawhead Rex and The Yattering and Jack, and Dark Horse Comics' Primal, among others. Barker served as a consultant and wrote issues of the Hellraiser anthology . In 2005, IDW published a three-issue adaptation of Barker's children's fantasy novel The Thief of Always, written and painted by Kris Oprisko and Gabriel Hernandez. IDW is publishing a 12 issue adaptation of Barker's novel The Great and Secret Show. In December 2007, Chris Ryall and Clive Barker announced an upcoming collaboration of an original comic book series, Torakator, to be published by IDW.[22] In October 2009, IDW published Seduth (Written by Clive Barker and Chris Monfette; art by Gabriel Rodriguez; colors by Jay Fotos; letters by Neil Uyetake; edits by Chris Ryall; and 3-D conversion by Ray Zone), the first time Barker has created a world specifically for the comic book medium in two decades. The work was released with three variant covers; cover a featuring art by Gabriel Rodriguez and cover b with art by Clive Barker and the third is a "retailer incentive signed edition cover" with art by Clive Barker.[23] Clive Barker 25

Relationships Barker has been openly homosexual since the early 1990s, first mentioning his dating life to US audiences in the pages of The Advocate magazine. He currently lives in Los Angeles, CA, with his partner, photographer David Armstrong, and Armstrong's daughter from a previous relationship, Nicole.

Bibliography

Novels • (1985) The Damnation Game • (1986) The Hellbound Heart • (1987) Weaveworld • (1988) Cabal • (1989) The Great and Secret Show (first "Book of the Art") • (1991) Imajica • (1992) The Thief of Always • (1994) Everville (second "Book of the Art") • (1996) Sacrament • (1998) • (2001) Coldheart Canyon: A Hollywood Ghost Story • (2001) Tortured Souls (novelette) • (2002) Abarat (first book of the Abarat Quintet) • (2004) Abarat: Days of Magic, Nights of War (second book of the Abarat Quintet) • (2007) Mister B. Gone • (2009) Mr. Maximillian Bacchus And His Travelling Circus (limited run by Bad Moon Books) • (2011) The Candle in the Cloud (limited run by Bad Moon Books) • (2011) Absolute Midnight (third book of the Abarat Quintet) • (2011) The Scarlet Gospels (As of yet unpublished novel in final draft, featuring the characters and universe that first appeared in The Hellbound Heart centering on the character of Pinhead and featuring Barker's character, Harry D'Amour, from The Last Illusion, The Great and Secret Show, Everville and the film Lord of Illusions. Was originally going to be the title story for a collection of stories, then became a long novella, which may or may not have been included with the short stories.) • (?) Abarat: The Dynasty of Dreamers (The fourth book of the Abarat Quintet)

Collections • (1984–1985) Books of Blood (vols. 1 through 6 were released between 1984 and 1985. vols. 4 through 6 were published in the U.S. as The Inhuman Condition (volume 4), In the Flesh (volume 5), and Cabal (volume 6, though the title novella is original to this edition and replaces one of the volume's stories).) • (1985) Cabal (titular novella was also published as a Nightbreed mass market paperback) • (1987) The Inhuman Condition • (1987) In the Flesh • (1990) Clive Barker, Illustrator • (1992) Illustrator II: The Art of Clive Barker • (1995) Incarnations: Three Plays • (1996) Forms of Heaven: Three Plays • (2000) The Essential Clive Barker: Selected Fiction • (2005) Visions of Heaven and Hell Clive Barker 26

• (2011) Black Is the Devil's Rainbow: Tales of a Journeyman

Biographies • (1991) Cliver Barker's in Eden A collection of essays written by multiple authors and friends of Barker's discussing production on his movies and interspersed with early sketches and drawings, along with snippets from various interviews. Edited by . • (2002) Clive Barker: The Dark Fantastic by Douglas E. Winter • (2009) Memory, Prophecy and Fantasy: The World and Works of Clive Barker – Volume 1. A retrospective look at the background to Barker's published work from his earliest creative years. It includes many otherwise unpublished texts, artwork and photographic pieces alongside a detailed study of his fringe theatre work, written by Phil and Stokes who run his official website, Revelations.

Nonfiction • (2010) The Painter, The Creature and The Father of Lies: Essays by Clive Barker Forthcoming collection of Barker's essays. According to the Revelations website, the collection will include "introductions to both his own work and the works of others, newspaper and magazine articles, tributes and appreciations and other contributions to books". To be published through Earthling Publications in May 2010.

Filmography

Directed • (1973) Salome • (1978) The Forbidden • (1987) Hellraiser • (1990) Nightbreed • (1995) Lord of Illusions • (2011) Tortured Souls: Animae Damnatae

Produced • (1988) Hellbound: Hellraiser II • (1992) Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth • (1992) Candyman • (1996) Hellraiser: Bloodline • (1998) Gods and Monsters • (2006) The Plague • (2008) The Midnight Meat Train • (2008) Born (pre-production) • (2009) Dread • (2011) Clive Barker Presents Hellraiser (pre-production) Clive Barker 27

Written • (1986) Rawhead Rex • (1987) Transmutations • (2008) Book of Blood • (2010) Born (pre-production)

Video games • Clive Barker's Undying • Clive Barker's Demonik (cancelled) • Clive Barker's Jericho • Clive Barker's Nightbreed: The Action Game • Clive Barker's Nightbreed: The Interactive Movie

References

[1] http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/

[2] Clive Barker Biography (http:/ / www. filmreference. com/ film/ 98/ Clive-Barker. html)

[3] Clive Barker Biography – Yahoo! Movies (http:/ / movies. yahoo. com/ movie/ contributor/ 1800022056/ bio)

[4] The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) Web Site (http:/ / www. . org/ publications/ resource_doc_detail. php?id=3545)

[5] The Official Clive Barker Resource-Revelations-Barker on Spirituality (http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/ religion. html)

[6] Art and the Artist: An Interview with Clive Barker (http:/ / www. strangehorizons. com/ 2009/ 20090316/ snyder-a. shtml) Strange Horizons interview

[7] http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/ newsstephenking. html [8] Clive Barker's Short Stories: Imagination as Metaphor in the Books of Blood and other works by Gary Hoppenstand. McFarland, 1994.

[9] http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/ influences. html

[10] The Internet Movie Database http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0090233/

[11] The Official Clive Barker Resource – Revelations – Exclusive Interviews 15 (http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/ intsrevel15. html)

[12] Clive Barker remaking Hellraiser (http:/ / www. fangoria. com/ news_article. php?id=2994) – Fangoria news, 20 October 2006

[13] Revelations – official site interview (http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/ intsrevel19. html) 7 September 2007

[14] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt1331307/

[15] http:/ / www. bgfa. us/

[16] http:/ / www. clivebarkerimaginer. com

[17] http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/ artindex. html

[18] Clive Barker Returns To Games (http:/ / tgnforums. stardock. com/ ?forumid=141& aid=124325#962012) – TotalGaming.net news, 19 July 2006

[19] Diguise Costumes – Official Site (http:/ / www. disguise. com/ )

[20] "Dress Up Like Clive Barker's Nightmares" (http:/ / www. dreadcentral. com/ news/ 35356/ dress-up-like-clive-barkers-nightmares). .

[21] "Clive Barkers Enters the 'Dark Bizaar' with JAKKS Pacific" (http:/ / www. bloody-disgusting. com/ news/ 18723). .

[22] The Official Clive Barker Resource – Revelations – Uncompleted Other Projects – B (http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/ newothersb. html)

[23] IDW Publishing (http:/ / www. idwpublishing. com/ catalog/ series/ 833)

External links

• Revelations – The Official Clive Barker Website (http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/ ) – Includes a full bibliography, filmography, artwork, links and frequently updated news.

• The Beautiful Moment – The Official Clive Barker Website for All Ages (http:/ / www. clivebarker. info/

beautifulmoment. html) – Official site celebrating the work of Clive Barker for younger readers – features Abarat and The Thief of Always.

• Bert Green Fine Art (http:/ / www. bgfa. us/ ) – Art Gallery in Los Angeles exhibiting Clive Barker artwork.

• Fifth Dominion- Clive Barker Fans (http:/ / www. timewinds. com/ clive/ ) – Web Community based fan forum for Clive Barker

• Lost Souls – The Clive Barker Lost Souls Fansite (http:/ / www. clivebarker. com/ ) Clive Barker 28

• Clive Barker Imaginer (http:/ / www. clivebarkerimaginer. com/ ) – The Clive Barker Art Archive, paintings, drawings, photography and conceptual work.

• Clive Barker's Undying (http:/ / www. mobygames. com/ game/ clive-barkers-undying) at MobyGames

• Clive Barker (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0000850/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Clive Barker (http:/ / www. allmovie. com/ artist/ 80708) at Allmovie

• Clive Barker (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Clive_Barker) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Clive Barker (http:/ / comicbookdb. com/ creator. php?ID=7086) at ComicBookDB.com

• Clive Barker's Book of Blood Red Band trailer at F;'EARnet.com (http:/ / www. fearnet. com/ videos/

b15976_clive_barkerrsquos_book_of_blood_ndash. html)

• Works by or about Clive Barker (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-nb90-140785) in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Cory Doctorow 29 Cory Doctorow

Cory Doctorow

Born July 17, 1971Toronto, , Canada

Occupation author, blogger

Genres Science fiction, postcyberpunk

Notable work(s) Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, Little Brother

Notable award(s) John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer, John W. Campbell Memorial Award, ,

Spouse(s) Alice Taylor

Children Poesy Emmeline Fibonacci Nautilus Taylor Doctorow

[1]

Cory Doctorow (pronounced /ˈkɒri ˈdɒktəroʊ/; born July 17, 1971) is a Canadian blogger, journalist, and science fiction author who serves as co-editor of the blog Boing Boing. He is an activist in favour of liberalising copyright laws and a proponent of the Creative Commons organisation, using some of their licences for his books. Some common themes of his work include digital rights management, file sharing, and post-scarcity economics.[2]

Life and career Born in , Ontario, Canada to Trotskyist teachers,[3] Doctorow was raised in a Jewish activist[4] household. His father was born in a refugee camp in Azerbaijan[5] and Doctorow became involved in the nuclear disarmament movement and as a Greenpeace campaigner as a child. He received his high school diploma from SEED School, a free school in Toronto, and dropped out of four universities without attaining a degree. He later served on the board of directors for the Grindstone Island Co-operative on Big Rideau Lake in Ontario. In 1992 Doctorow went on a volunteer trip to Costa Rica with Youth Challenge International (YCI), which he found "profoundly good and profoundly enriching".[6] In June 1999, he co-founded the free software P2P company Opencola with John Henson and Grad Conn. The company was sold to the Open Text Corporation of Waterloo, Ontario in the summer of 2003.[2] Cory Doctorow 30

Doctorow moved to and worked as European Affairs Coordinator for the Electronic Frontier Foundation for four years,[2] helping to set up the Open Rights Group, before quitting to pursue writing full-time in January 2006. Upon his departure, Doctorow was named a Fellow of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.[2] He was named the 2006-2007 Canadian Fulbright Chair in Public Diplomacy at the USC Center on Public Diplomacy, jointly sponsored by the Royal Fulbright Commission,[7] the Integrated Media Systems Center, and the USC Center on Public Diplomacy. The academic Chair included a one year writing and teaching residency at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.[2] [8] He then returned to London. He is a frequent public speaker on copyright issues. In 2009, Doctorow became the first Independent Studies Scholar in Virtual Residence at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. He was formerly a student in the program in 1993-94, but left without completing a thesis. Doctorow is married to Alice Taylor, and together they have one daughter, named Poesy Emmeline Fibonacci Nautilus Taylor Doctorow, who was born in 2008.[9] Cory Doctorow and Alice Taylor married on Sunday, October 26, 2008.[10]

Other work and fellowships He served as Canadian Regional Director of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1999. Together with Austrian art group monochrom he initiated the Instant Blitz Copy Fight project, for which people from all over the world are asked to take flash pictures of copyright warnings in movie theaters.[11] At the 2003 Torcon 3 World Science Fiction Convention, Doctorow was a featured guest. On October 31, 2005, Doctorow was involved in a controversy over digital rights management with Sony-BMG, as told in Wikinomics.[12] Doctorow is a regular contributor to the TVOntario podcast Search Engine, formerly on CBC.

Fiction

Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, Doctorow's first novel, was published in January 2003, and was the first novel released under one of the Creative Commons licences, allowing readers to circulate the electronic edition as long as they neither made money from it nor used it to create derived works. The electronic edition was released simultaneously with the print edition.

In March 2003, it was re-released under a different Creative Commons Cory Doctorow at the Singularity Summit at licence that allowed derivative works such as fan fiction, but still Stanford in 2006 prohibited commercial usage. It was nominated for a Nebula Award,[13] and won the for Best First Novel in 2004. A semi-sequel short story called Truncat was published on Salon.com in August 2003. Doctorow's other novels have been released under Creative Commons licences that allow derived works and prohibit commercial usage, and he has followed the model of making digital versions available, without charge, at the same time that print versions are published. His Sunburst Award-winning short story collection A Place So Foreign and Eight More, was also published in 2004: "0wnz0red" from this collection was nominated for the 2004 Nebula Award for Best Novelette.[14] Cory Doctorow 31

Doctorow released the bestselling novel Little Brother in 2008 under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike licence.[15] It was nominated for a 2009 , and won the 2009 Prometheus Award,[16] Sunburst Award,[17] and the John W. Campbell Memorial Award. Makers was released in October 2009, and is being serialized for free on the Tor Books website.[18] Doctorow's newest young adult novel, For The Win, was released in May, 2010. The novel is available free on the author's website as a Doctorow (left) pictured at the 2006 Lift Creative Commons download, and is also published in traditional Conference with fellow Boing Boing contributor paper form by Tor Books. The book is centered around massively Jasmina Tešanović (centre) and author Bruce Sterling (right). multiplayer online role-playing games.

Nonfiction and other writings

Doctorow's nonfiction works include his first book, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Publishing Science Fiction (co-written with Karl Schroeder and published in 2000), and his contributions to Boing Boing, the weblog he co-edits, as well as regular columns in Popular Science and Make magazines. He is a Contributing Writer to Wired magazine, and contributes occasionally to other magazines and such as the New York Times Sunday Magazine, the Globe and Mail, Asimov's , and . In 2004, he wrote an essay on Wikipedia included in The Anthology at of the Universe, comparing Internet attempts at Hitchhiker's Guide-type resources, including a discussion of the Wikipedia article about himself.

Doctorow contributed the foreword to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture (The MIT Press, 2008) edited by Paul D. Miller a.k.a. DJ Spooky. He also was a contributing writer for the book Worldchanging: A User's Guide for the 21st Century.[19] He popularized the term Metacrap in a 2001 essay titled "Metacrap: Putting the torch to seven straw-men of the meta-utopia."[20] Some of his non-fiction published between 2001 and 2007 has been collected by Tachyon Publications as Content: Selected Essays on Technology, Creativity, Copyright, and the Future of the Future.

Opinions on intellectual property Doctorow believes that copyright laws should be liberalized to allow for free sharing of all digital media. He has also advocated filesharing.[21] He argues that copyright holders should have a monopoly on selling their own digital media, and copyright laws should only come into play when someone attempts to sell a product currently under someone else's copyright. Doctorow is an opponent of DRM, claiming that it limits the free sharing of digital media and frequently causes problems for legitimate users (including registration problems that lock users out of their own purchases and prevent them from being able to move their media to other devices and platforms).[22] Cory Doctorow 32

In popular culture

The xkcd occasionally features a partially fictional version of Doctorow who lives in a hot air balloon "up in" the blogosphere ("above the tag clouds") and wears a red cape and goggles, such as in the comic "Blagofaire".[23] When Doctorow won the 2007 EFF Pioneer Award, the presenters gave him a red cape, goggles and a balloon.[24]

Awards

• 2000 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer[25] Cory Doctorow wears a red cape, goggles and a • 2004 Locus Award for Best First Novel for Down and Out in the balloon as he receives the 2007 EFF Pioneer Award, spoofing an xkcd webcomic in which he Magic Kingdom is mentioned. • 2004 Sunburst Award for A Place So Foreign and Eight More • 2007 The Electronic Frontier Foundation Pioneer Award[26] • for Little Brother: • 2009 John W. Campbell Memorial Award [27] • 2009 Prometheus Award[16] • 2009 Sunburst Award.[17]

Bibliography

Science fiction novels • Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom (Tor Books, 2003) under a Creative Commons Licence • Eastern Standard Tribe (Tor Books, 2004) under a Creative Commons Licence • Someone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town (Tor Books, 2005) and under a Creative Commons Licence • Little Brother (Tor Books, 2008) and under a Creative Commons Licence • Makers (Tor Books, 2009) and under a Creative Commons Licence • For The Win (Tor Books, 2010) and under a Creative Commons Licence • Pirate Cinema [28] (Tor Books, May 2012) and under a Creative Commons Licence

Short stories and anthologies • 0wnz0red [29], short story, 2002 • "Truncat [30]" (short story) -- a quasi-sequel to Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, 2003 • A Place So Foreign and Eight More (short story collection, Four Walls Eight Windows, 2003) • "i, [31]" (Hugo nominated short story, InfiniteMatrix.net, 2005) • Overclocked: Stories of the Future Present (short story collection, Thunder's Mouth Press, 2007) ISBN 1560259817 • "Scroogled [32]" originally appeared in , 2007 • '"True Names [33]", (short story with Benjamin Rosenbaum) in Fast Forward 2, edited by Lou Anders, ISBN 978-1-59102-692-1, 2008 • "With A Little Help [34]", (short stories collection), December 2010 Cory Doctorow 33

Other • Ebooks: Neither E Nor Books. (online text) [35] (February 12, 2004) • Glenn Yeffeth, ed., The Anthology at the End of the Universe?, chapter titled "Wikipedia: A Genuine H2G2-Minus the Editors", by Cory Doctorow, Benbella Books ISBN 1-932100-56-3 • The Complete Idiot's Guide to Publishing Science Fiction (self-help, Alpha Books, 2000) • Essential Blogging (tech help, O'Reilly and Associates, 2002). ISBN 0-596-00388-9 • /usr/bin/god (novel; Tor Books) — In a June 11, 2008 interview with the Onion's A.V. Club, Doctorow stated that the book was "on the shelf more or less permanently, although it might be resurrected at some point.[36] • Content: Selected Essays on Technology, Creativity, Copyright, and the Future of the Future (September, 2008) • There’s a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow / Now is the Best Time of Your Life (Novella, forthcoming in 2011)[37]

References

[1] http:/ / www. craphound. com/

[2] "Cory Doctorow; USC Center on Public Diplomacy" (http:/ / uscpublicdiplomacy. com/ index. php/ about/ bio_detail/ cory_doctorow/ ). Uscpublicdiplomacy.com. 1971-07-17. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[3] Cory Doctorow (2006-01-01). "About Cory Doctorow" (http:/ / www. craphound. com/ bio. php). . Retrieved 2008-02-09.

[4] MacDonald, Katherine (2003-03-31). "Interview: Cory Doctorow" (http:/ / www. strangehorizons. com/ 2003/ 20030331/ doctorow. shtml). Strange Horizons. . Retrieved 2007-12-22.

[5] "Azeri "donkey video" bloggers arrested" (http:/ / www. boingboing. net/ 2009/ 09/ 02/ azeri-donkey-video-b. html). 2009-09-02. . Retrieved 2009-09-02.

[6] Doctorow, Cory. "Youth Challenge International" (http:/ / www. yci. org/ pdfs/ testimonials/ Cory_Doctorow_-_Testimonial. pdf). . Retrieved 2010-09-05.

[7] "2006 Award Recipients" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080229090257/ http:/ / www. fulbright. ca/ en/ pdf/

2006_Award_Recipients_Eng. pdf). Royal Fulbright Commission web site. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. fulbright. ca/ en/ pdf/

2006_Award_Recipients_Eng. pdf) on 2008-02-29. . Retrieved 2008-02-09.

[8] Brock Read (2007-04-06). "A Blogger Infiltrates Academe" (http:/ / chronicle. com/ free/ v53/ i31/ 31a03001. htm). Chronicle of Higher Education, Volume 53, Issue 31, Page A30. . Retrieved 2008-02-09.

[9] Cory Doctorow (2008-02-03). "Fine News" (http:/ / www. boingboing. net/ 2008/ 02/ 03/ fine-news. html). Boing Boing. . Retrieved 2008-02-09.

[10] "Little Brother UK edition signed!" (http:/ / www. boingboing. net/ 2008/ 10/ 27/ little-brother-uk-ed. html). BoingBoing. BoingBoing. 2008-10-27. . Retrieved 2008-10-27.

[11] "Instant Blitz Copy Fight web site" (http:/ / www. monochrom. at/ piracy/ ). . Retrieved 2008-02-09. [12] Tapscott, Dan; Anthony D. Williams (2006). Wikinomics. Portfolio/Penguin Books. pp. 34–37. ISBN 978-1-59184-138-8.

[13] "The Nebula Award Listing; Science Fiction & Fantasy Books by Award" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_nebula_index. asp). Worldswithoutend.com. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[14] "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2004 Nebula Awards" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ SFAwards/ Db/ Nebula2004. html). Locusmag.com. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[15] "Little Brother Blog" (http:/ / craphound. com/ littlebrother/ 2008/ 04/ 28/ little-brother-the-remixable-drm-free-audiobook/ ). Craphound.com. 2008-04-28. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[16] "Libertarian Futurist Society" (http:/ / lfs. org/ releases. htm). Lfs.org. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[17] "2009 Winners: The Sunburst Awards" (http:/ / www. sunburstaward. org/ content/ 2009-winners). . Retrieved 2009-09-30.

[18] "Cory Doctorow's Makers; Blog posts" (http:/ / www. tor. com/ index. php?option=com_content& view=blog& id=35734). Tor.com. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[19] WorldChanging: User's guide for the 21st Century (http:/ / www. boingboing. net/ 2006/ 10/ 24/ worldchanging-users-. html)

[20] "Metacrap" (http:/ / www. well. com/ ~doctorow/ metacrap. htm). Well.com. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[21] Doctorow, Cory (2004-12-12). "Steal This File Sharing Book - A-Z HOWTO for file-sharing" (http:/ / www. boingboing. net/ 2004/ 12/ 12/

steal-this-file-shar. html). Boing Boing. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[22] "Cory Doctorow at Cambridge Business Lectures" (http:/ / video. google. com/ videoplay?docid=-4454381456832593071). Video.google.com. 22 July 2008. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[23] xkcd.com/239 (http:/ / xkcd. com/ 239/ ) (see also [e.g.], xkcd.com/345 (http:/ / xkcd. com/ 345/ ), xkcd.com/482 (http:/ / xkcd. com/ 482/ ),

xkcd.com/497 (http:/ / xkcd. com/ 497/ ), xkcd.com/498 (http:/ / xkcd. com/ 498/ ), and xkcd.com/527 (http:/ / xkcd. com/ 527/ ))

[24] "Cory Doctorow, Part II" (http:/ / blag. xkcd. com/ 2007/ 03/ 28/ cory-doctorow-part-ii/ ). xkcd. 2007-03-28. . Retrieved 2007-09-05.

[25] "The Long List of Hugo Awards, 2000" (http:/ / www. nesfa. org/ data/ LL/ Hugos/ hugos2000. html). Nesfa.org. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[26] "EFF: Yochai Benkler, Cory Doctorow, and Bruce Schneier Win EFF Pioneer Awards" (http:/ / www. privacydigest. com/ 2007/ 03/ 31/ eff yochai benkler cory doctorow and bruce schneier win eff pioneer awards). . Cory Doctorow 34

[27] "The John W. Campbell Memorial Award Listing" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_campbell_index. asp?at=CA& emulate=&

navi=#year09& Page=1& PageLength=10). Worldswithoutend.com. . Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[28] http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ pw/ by-topic/ columns-and-blogs/ cory-doctorow/ article/ 45565-zen-and-the-art-of-self-publishing. html?page=1

[29] http:/ / dir. salon. com/ story/ tech/ feature/ 2002/ 08/ 28/ 0wnz0red/ print. html

[30] http:/ / www. salon. com/ tech/ feature/ 2003/ 08/ 26/ truncat/

[31] http:/ / www. infinitematrix. net/ stories/ shorts/ i-robot. html

[32] http:/ / blogoscoped. com/ archive/ 2007-09-17-n72. html

[33] http:/ / www. archive. org/ details/ TrueNames

[34] http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ pw/ by-topic/ columns-and-blogs/ cory-doctorow/ article/ 44848-with-a-little-twitter-help. html

[35] http:/ / craphound. com/ ebooksneitherenorbooks. txt

[36] Robinson, Tasha (2008-06-11). "Cory Doctorow / The A.V. Club" (http:/ / www. avclub. com/ articles/ cory-doctorow,14255/ ). The Onion. . Retrieved 2008-06-11.

[37] "Twitter / Cory Doctorow" (http:/ / twitter. com/ doctorow/ statuses/ 23429219602137089). .

External links

• Doctorow, Corey (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Arts/ Literature/ Authors/ D/ Doctorow,_Corey/ ) at the Open Directory Project

• Cory Doctorow's personal website (http:/ / www. craphound. com/ )

• Boing Boing blog (http:/ / boingboing. net)

• BookBanter interviews Cory Doctorow (http:/ / bookbanter. podbean. com/ 2010/ 06/ 15/

bookbanter-episode-31-with-cory-doctorow/ )

• Cory Doctorow's USC Course (http:/ / www. uscpwned. blogspot. com)

• Cory Doctorow (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Cory_Doctorow) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• When Cory Doctorow Ruled the World (http:/ / www. 10zenmonkeys. com/ 2007/ 02/ 08/

cory-doctorow-overclocked-ru-sirius-interview/ ) (February 2007 interview, with link to audio)

• Video of keynote speech at LIFT06 conference (http:/ / www. liftconference. com/ videos/ view/ single/ 37) • Video of Cory Doctor's lecture, "Copyright versus Universal Access to All Human Knowledge and Groups

Without Cost: the state of play in the global copyfight" at the Quantum to Cosmos Festival (http:/ / www.

q2cfestival. com/ play. php?lecture_id=7748)

• Manifesto for a virtual revolution (http:/ / www. independent. co. uk/ arts-entertainment/ books/ features/ manifesto-for-a-virtual-revolution-cyberactivist-cory-doctorows-new-novel-imagines-a-revolt-of-online-slaves-1978233. html): 2010 interview with Tom Chatfield, discussing For the Win and cyber-activism Danielle Steel 35 Danielle Steel

Danielle Steel Born Danielle Fernande Dominique Schuelein-SteelAugust 14, 1947New York, New York (United States)

Pen name Danielle Steel

Occupation novelist

Nationality American

Period 1978–present

Genres mainstream, romance

Spouse(s) Claude-Eric Lazard (1965–1974) Danny Zugelder (1975–1978) William Toth (1978–1981) John Traina (1981–1998) Tom Perkins (1998–2002)

Signature

[1]

Danielle Fernande Dominique Schuelein-Steel (born August 14, 1947, New York City) better known as Danielle Steel, is an American chick lit romantic novelist and author of mainstream dramas. Best known for drama novels, Steel has sold more than 800 million copies of her books (as of 2005) worldwide and is the eighth best selling writer of all time. Her novels have been on the New York Times bestseller list for over 390 consecutive weeks[2] and 22 have been adapted for television.

Biography

Early years Her parents were John Schulein-Steel, a descendant of the founders of Löwenbräu beer, and Norma da Câmara Stone dos Reis, the daughter of a Portuguese diplomat.[3] Steel spent much of her early childhood in ,[4] where from an early age she was included in her parents' dinner parties, giving her an opportunity to observe the habits and lives of the wealthy and famous.[3] Her parents divorced when she was seven, however, and she was raised primarily in New York City and Europe by her father, rarely seeing her mother.[2] Steel started writing stories as a child, and by her late teens had begun writing poetry.[5] A graduate of the Lycée Français de New York, class of 1963,[6] she studied literature design and fashion design,[5] first at in 1963 and then at from 1963–1967.[7] Danielle Steel 36

Early career In 1965, when she was only 18, Steel married banker Claude-Eric Lazard.[8] While a young wife, and still attending New York University, Steel began writing, completing her first manuscript the following year, when she was nineteen.[5] After the birth of their daughter, Beatrix, in 1968,[9] Steel worked for a public relations agency in New York called Supergirls for several years. A magazine client was highly impressed with her freelance articles and encouraged her to focus on writing and suggested she write a book, which she did. She later moved to , and worked for Grey , as a copywriter.

Personal life After many years of separation, Steel and Lazard divorced after nine years of marriage. They had one daughter, Beatrix. In 1972 her first novel, , was published. The novel contained many of the themes that her writing would become known for, including a focus on family issues and human relationships. Steel married again, briefly with Danny Zugelder. The marriage ended quickly and Zugelder was later convicted of a series of . Steel married her third husband, William Toth, and began divorce proceedings two weeks later. Steel married for the fourth time in 1981, to vintner John Traina.[9] Traina subsequently adopted Steel's son Nick and gave him his family name. Together they had an additional five children, Samantha (April 14, 1982), Victoria (September 5, 1983), Vanessa (December 18, 1984), Maxx (February 10, 1986) and Zara (September 26, 1987).[8] [9] Coincidentally, beginning with her marriage to Traina in 1981, Steel has been a near-permanent fixture on the New York Times hardcover and paperback lists. In 1989, she was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for having a book on the New York Times Bestseller List for the most consecutive weeks of any author—381 consecutive weeks at that time.[10] Since her first book was published, every one of her novels has hit bestseller lists in paperback, and each one released in hardback has also been a hardback bestseller.[2] During this time Steel also contributed to her first non-fiction work. Having a Baby was published in 1984 and featured a chapter by Steel about suffering through miscarriage.[11] The same year she also published a book of poetry, Love: Poems.[12] Steel also ventured into children's fiction, penning a series of 10 illustrated books for young readers. These books, known as the "Max and Martha" series, aim to help children face real life problems: new baby, new school, loss of loved one, etc. In addition, Steel has authored the "Freddie" series. These 4 books address other real life situations: first night away from home, trip to the doctor, etc.[12] Determined to spend as much time as possible with her own children, Steel often wrote at night, making do with only four hours of sleep, so that she could be with her children during the day.[2] Steel is a prolific author, often releasing several books per year.[10] Each book takes 2½ years to complete,[5] so Steel has developed an ability to juggle up to five projects at once, researching one book while outlining another, then writing and editing additional books.[10]

Nicholas Traina In 1993 Steel sued a writer who intended to disclose in her book that her son Nick was adopted by her then-current husband John Traina, despite the fact that adoption records are sealed in California.[2] A San Francisco judge made a highly unusual ruling allowing the seal on Nick's adoption to be overturned, although he was still a minor. The order was confirmed by a California Appellate Judge, who ruled that because Steel was famous, her son's adoption did not have the same privacy right,[2] and the book was allowed to be published.[13] The son at the center of the lawsuits, Nicholas Traina, committed suicide in 1997 as a result of bipolar disorder.[14] Traina was the lead singer of San Francisco punk bands Link 80 and Knowledge. In honor of his memory, Steel wrote the nonfiction book His Bright Light, about Nick's life and death. Proceeds of the book, which reached the New York Times NonFiction Bestseller List[12] were used to found the Nick Traina Foundation, which Steel runs, to fund organizations dedicated to treating mental illness.[15] To gain more recognition for children's mental illnesses, Danielle Steel 37

Steel has lobbied for legislation in Washington, and previously held a fundraiser every two years (known as The Star Ball) in San Francisco.[16]

1997–present Steel married for a fifth time, to Silicon Valley financier Tom Perkins, but the marriage ended after 4 years in 2002.[17] Steel has said that her novel The Klone and I was inspired by a private joke between herself and Perkins.[18] In 2006, Perkins dedicated his novel Sex and the Single Zillionaire to Steel. After years of near-constant writing, in 2003 Steel opened an art gallery in San Francisco, Steel Gallery, which showed contemporary work and exhibited the paintings and sculptures of emerging artists. The gallery subsequently closed in 2007.[19] She continues to curate shows once or twice a year for the Andrea Schwartz Gallery in San Francisco. In 2002, Steel was decorated by the French government as an Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, for her contributions to world culture. She has additionally received: Induction into the California Hall of Fame, December, 2009. "Distinguished Service in Mental Health Award" (first time awarded to a non-physician) from New York Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Columbia University Medical School and Cornell Medical College, May, 2009. "Outstanding Achievement Award" for work with adolescents from Larkin Street Youth Services in San Francisco, May, 2003. "Service to Youth Award" for improving the lives of mentally ill adolescents and children from the University of San Francisco Catholic Youth Organization and St. Mary's Medical Center, November, 1999. "Outstanding Achievement Award" in Mental Health from the California Psychiatric Association "Distinguished Service Award" from the American Psychiatric Association In 2006 Steel reached an agreement with Elizabeth Arden to launch a new perfume, Danielle by Danielle Steel. Steel lives in San Francisco,[19] but also maintains a residence in France where she spends several months of each year. Despite her public image and varied pursuits, Steel is known to be shy[19] and because of that and her desire to protect her children from the tabloids,[2] she rarely grants interviews or public appearances.[20] Her 55-room San Francisco home was built in 1913 as the mansion of sugar tycoon Adolph B. Spreckels.[21]

Writing

Steel's novels have been translated into 28 languages and can be found in 47 countries across the globe.[10] The books, often described as "formulaic,"[22] tend to involve the characters in a crisis of some sort which threatens their relationship. Many of her characters are considered over-the-top, making her books seem less realistic.[23] The novels sometimes explore the world of the "rich and famous" [22] and frequently deal with serious life issues, like illness, death, loss, family crises, and relationships.

Despite a reputation among critics for writing "fluff", Steel often A shelf full of Danielle Steel paperbacks delves into the less savory aspects of human nature, including incest, suicide, divorce, war, and even the Holocaust.[10] As time has progressed, Steel's writing has evolved. Her later Danielle Steel 38

heroines tend to be stronger and more authoritative, who, if they do not receive the level of respect and attention they desire from a man, move on to a new life.[8] In recent years Steel has also been willing to take more risks with her plots. focuses more on suspense than romance, and follows three sets of seemingly unconnected characters as their lives begin to intersect.[24] Toxic Bachelors departs from her usual style by telling the story through the eyes of the three title characters, men who are relationship phobic and ultimately discover their true loves.[22] Steel has been criticized for making her books overly redundant and detailed,[25] explicitly telling the story to readers instead of showing it to them. This sometimes has the effect of making the readers feel like they are on the outside looking in rather than living the story.[26] To avoid comparisons to her previous novels, Steel does not write sequels.[5] Although many of her earliest books were released with initial print runs of 1 million copies, by 2004 her publisher had decreased the number of books initially printed to 650,000 due to the decline in people buying books. However, her fan base is still extremely strong with Steel's books selling out atop charts worldwide.[27] Twenty-two of her books have been adapted for television,[28] including two that have received Golden Globe nominations. One is , the story of the survival of a woman and her children in World War II Europe, and the family's eventual rebirth as one of the greatest jewelry houses in Europe.[10] Columbia Pictures was the first movie studio to offer for one of her novels, purchasing the rights to The Ghost in 1998.[28] Steel also reached an agreement with New Line Home Entertainment in 2005 to sell the film rights to 30 of her novels for DVDs.

Bibliography

Novels

Year Title 1973 Going Home 1977 Passion's Promise 1978 1978p The Promise 1979 Golden Moments 1979 1979 Summer's End 1980 The Ring 1981 Palomino 1981 To Love Again 1981 Remembrance 1981 Loving 1982 Once In A Lifetime 1982 1983 A Perfect Stranger 1983 Thurston House 1983 Changes 1984 * 1985 Family * 1985 Secrets Danielle Steel 39

1986 * 1987 * 1987 * 1988 * 1989 Star* 1989 * 1990 1991 Heartbeat* 1991 1992 Jewels* 1992 * 1993 Vanished 1994 * 1994 * 1994 Wings 1995 Lightning 1995 Five Days In Paris* 1996 Malice 1996 * 1997 The Ranch 1997 * 1997 The Ghost* 1998 The Long Road Home* 1998 The Klone and I* 1998 His Bright Light 1998 1999 Bittersweet* 1999 Granny Dan 1999 Irresistible Forces 2000 The Wedding* 2000 On Hope Street* 2000 Journey 2001 Lone Eagle 2001 Leap Of Faith* 2001 The Kiss* 2002 The Cottage 2002 Sunset in St. Tropez (novel) 2002 Answered Prayers* 2003 Dating Game Danielle Steel 40

2003 Johnny Angel* 2003 2004 Ransom 2004 Second Chance 2004 2005 2005 2005 Toxic Bachelors 2006 The House* 2006 2006 H.R.H. 2007 Sisters 2007 2007 2008 Honor Thyself 2008 2008 2009 One Day at a Time 2009 Matters Of The Heart 2009 2010 2010 2010 Legacy

Asterisk Denotes New York Times Number 1 Hardcover Fiction Bestseller[29]

Non-fiction • Love: Poems (1984) • Having a Baby (1984) • His Bright Light (1998)

Picture Books • The Happiest Hippo in the World (2009)

Children's books

Max & Martha series • Martha's New Daddy (1989) • Max and the Babysitter (1989) • Martha's Best Friend (1989) • Max's Daddy Goes to the Hospital (1989) • Max's New Baby (1989) • Martha's New School (1989) Danielle Steel 41

• Max Runs Away (1990) • Martha's New Puppy (1990) • Max and Grandma and Grampa Winky (1991) • Martha and Hilary and the Stranger (1991)

Freddie series • Freddie's Trip (1992) • Freddie's First Night Away (1992) • Freddie and the Doctor (1992) • Freddie's Accident (1992)

Filmography 1. The Promise (1979) 2. Now and Forever (1983) 3. Crossings (1986) 4. Kaleidoscope (1990) 5. Fine Things (1990) 6. Changes (1991) 7. Palomino (1991) 8. Daddy (1991) 9. Jewels (1992) 10. Secrets (1992) 11. Message from Nam (1993) 12. Star (1993) (TV) 13. Heartbeat (1993) 14. (1994) 15. A Perfect Stranger (1994) 16. Once in a Lifetime (1994) 17. Mixed Blessings (1995) 18. Zoya (1995) 19. Vanished (1995) 20. The Ring (1996) 21. Full Circle (1996) 22. Remembrance (1996) 23. No Greater Love (1996) 24. Safe Harbour (2007) Danielle Steel 42

References

[1] http:/ / www. daniellesteel. com/

[2] Angel, Karen (March 19, 2006). "Lonely Heart" (http:/ / www. theage. com. au/ articles/ 2006/ 03/ 18/ 1142582568777. html). The New York Times. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[3] "Danielle Steel" (http:/ / www. booksattransworld. co. uk/ daniellesteel/ home. htm). Books At Transworld. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[4] Holfer, Robert (2005-01-05). "Danielle Steel" (http:/ / www. variety. com/ awardcentral_article/ VR1117956712. html?nav=goldstandard). Variety. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[5] L., Rosanne (July 2004). "Meet the Author: Danielle Steel" (http:/ / www. readersclub. org/ meetAuthor. asp?author=14). Reader's Club. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[6] "Alumni and Prof.'s on the Internet" (http:/ / www. lfnyalumni. org/ en/ news/ no. 21/ 53). Alumni Association of the Lycée Français de New York, Inc.. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[7] "Meet the Writers: Danielle Steel" (http:/ / www. barnesandnoble. com/ writers/ writer. asp?cid=748011). Barnes and Noble. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[8] Carroll, Jerry (1995-10-22). "Danielle Steel's Plot Thickens" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 1995/ 10/ 22/ PK41426.

DTL& hw=danielle+ steel& sn=001& sc=1000). . . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[9] Kennedy, Dana (December 20, 1996). "Steel Magnolia" (http:/ / www. ew. com/ ew/ article/ 0,,295532,00. html). . . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[10] Segretto, Mike (2005). "Meet the Writers: Danielle Steel" (http:/ / www. barnesandnoble. com/ writers/ writerdetails. asp?z=y& cid=748011#bio). Barnes and Noble. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[11] "Having a Baby (Hardcover)" (http:/ / www. amazon. com/ Having-Baby-Diana-Bert/ dp/ 0385293348). Amazon.Com. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[12] "Danielle Steel" (http:/ / www. bookreporter. com/ authors/ au-steel-danielle. aspm). Book Reporter. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[13] Williams, Lance (September 21, 1997). "Novelist Danielle Steel's son dies" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ e/ a/ 1997/

09/ 21/ METRO9637. dtl& hw=danielle+ steel& sn=020& sc=473). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[14] Donnally, Trish (September 23, 1997). "Novelist Blames Depression in Son's Apparent Overdose" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/

article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 1997/ 09/ 23/ MN12825. DTL& hw=danielle+ steel& sn=012& sc=583). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[15] Bigelow, Catherine (May 9, 2004). "Swells" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 2004/ 05/ 09/ LVG3A6FSL21. DTL&

hw=danielle+ steel& sn=014& sc=542). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[16] Zinko, Carolyne (2002-05-08). "Steel's gala draws lots of star power" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 2002/ 05/ 08/

DD139093. DTL& hw=danielle+ steel& sn=003& sc=733). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[17] Steger, Pat (August 11, 1999). "Steel, Perkins Separate After 17-Month Marriage" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/

1999/ 08/ 11/ DD102192. DTL& hw=danielle+ steel& sn=076& sc=248). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[18] Donnally, Trish (February 26, 1998). "A New Chapter in Steel Romance" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 1998/ 02/

26/ DD44826. DTL& hw=danielle+ steel& sn=011& sc=603). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[19] Baker, Kenneth (September 30, 2003). "Danielle Steel to open gallery for lesser-knowns" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article.

cgi?file=/ chronicle/ archive/ 2003/ 09/ 30/ DD276604. DTL). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[20] Carroll, Jerry (January 7, 1997). "Danielle Steel Says Biography Wrecked Her Marriage" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/

c/ a/ 1997/ 01/ 07/ DD31213. DTL& hw=danielle+ steel& sn=006& sc=649). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[21] "Tour San Francisco: Pacific Heights" (http:/ / www. inetours. com/ Pages/ SFNbrhds/ Pacific_Heights. html). iNetours.com. . Retrieved 2008-01-10.

[22] Melnick, Sheri (2005). "Toxic Bachelors" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071017000934/ http:/ / romantictimes. com/ books_review.

php?book=27700). RomanticTimes Magazine. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. romantictimes. com/ books_review. php?book=27700) on 2007-10-17. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[23] Melnick, Sheri (2004). "Safe Harbour" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071017000927/ http:/ / romantictimes. com/ books_review.

php?book=21620). Romantic Times Magazine. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. romantictimes. com/ books_review. php?book=21620) on 2007-10-17. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[24] Melnick, Sheri (2004). "Ransom" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071017000929/ http:/ / romantictimes. com/ books_review.

php?book=22584). RomanticTimes Magazine. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. romantictimes. com/ books_review. php?book=22584) on 2007-10-17. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[25] Mbubaegbu, Chine (12 March 2007). "Sisters by Danielle Steel" (http:/ / www. inthenews. co. uk/ entertainment/ reviews/ books/ fiction/

sisters-by-danielle-steel-$1063528. htm). inthenews.co.uk. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[26] Crutcher, Wendy. "Lone Eagle" (http:/ / www. theromancereader. com/ steel-lone. html). The Romance Reader. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[27] Maryles, Daisy (July 12, 2004). "Steel at 61" (http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ article/ CA435220. html?q=danielle+ steel). Publishers Weekly. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.

[28] Fleming, Michael (February 3, 1998). "Col helps Steel break into pic biz" (http:/ / www. variety. com/ awardcentral_article/

VR1117467327. html?query=danielle+ steel). Variety. . Retrieved 2007-04-19. [29] List compiled by author Danielle Steel 43

External links

• Official website (http:/ / www. randomhouse. com/ features/ steel/ )

• Official UK website (http:/ / www. daniellesteelbooks. co. uk/ )

• Personal website (http:/ / www. daniellesteel. net)

• Danielle Steel (http:/ / www. iblist. com/ author726. htm) at Internet Book List

• Danielle Steel at Australia (http:/ / www. randomhouse. com. au/ Authors/ Default.

aspx?Page=Author& ID=Steel, Danielle) • An October 2000 review of His Bright Light by Dr. Jeffrey L. Geller on an American Psychiatric Association

website (http:/ / ps. psychiatryonline. org/ cgi/ content/ full/ 51/ 10/ 1324)

• Danielle Steel (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0824403/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Steel Gallery (http:/ / www. steelgalleryinc. com/ )

• The Nick Traina Foundation (http:/ / www. nicktrainafoundation. com/ )

• Works by or about Danielle Steel (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-n80-61569) in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Debbie Macomber 44 Debbie Macomber

Debbie Macomber Born October 22, 1948Yakima, Washington, U.S.

Occupation Novelist

Nationality U.S.American

Period 1983 - Present

Genres romance, women's fiction

[1]

Debbie Macomber (born October 22, 1948 in Yakima, Washington) is a best-selling American author of over 150 romance novels and contemporary women's fiction. Over sixty million copies of her books are in print throughout the world,[2] and one, This Matter of Marriage, became a made-for-tv-movie in 1998.[3] Macomber was the inaugural winner of the fan-voted Quill Award for romance in 2005[4] and has been awarded a Romance Writers of America RITA Award.[5]

Biography

Breaking into Publishing Although Debbie Macomber is dyslexic and has only a high school education, she was determined to be a writer.[6] A stay-at-home mother raising four small children, Macomber nonetheless found the time to sit in her kitchen in front of a rented typewriter and work on developing her first few manuscripts.[7] For five years she continued to write despite many rejections from publishers, finally turning to freelance magazine work to help her family make ends meet.[6] With money that she saved from her freelance articles, Macomber attended a romance writer's conference, where one of her manuscripts was selected to be publicly critiqued by an editor from Ltd. The editor tore apart her novel and recommended that she throw it away. Undaunted, Macomber scraped together $10 to mail the same novel, Heartsong, to Harlequin's rival, Silhouette Books. Silhouette bought the book, which became the first to be reviewed by Publishers Weekly.[6]

Career Although Heartsong was the first of her manuscripts to sell, Starlight was the first of her novels to be published. It became #128 of the Silhouette Special Edition category romance line (which is now owned by Harlequin).[2] Macomber continued to write category romances for Silhouette, and later Harlequin. In 1988, Harlequin asked Macomber to write a series of interconnected stories, which became known as the Navy series. Before long, she was selling "huge" numbers of books, usually 150,000 copies of each of her novels, and she was releasing two or three titles per year. By 1994, Harlequin launched the imprint to help their category romance authors transition to the single title market, and Macomber began releasing single-title novels. Her first hardcover was released in 2001.[2] In 2002, Macomber realized that she was having more difficulty identifying with a twenty-five year old heroine, and that she wanted to write books focusing more on women and their friendships. Thursdays at Eight was her first departure from the traditional romance novel and into contemporary women's fiction.[6] Debbie Macomber 45

Since 1986, in most years Macomber has released a Christmas-themed book or novella. For several years, these novels were part of the Angel series, following the antics of angels Shirley, Goodness, and Mercy. Macomber, who loves Christmas, says that she writes Christmas books as well because "Every woman I know has a picture of the perfect Christmas in her mind, the same way we do romance. Reality rarely lives up to our expectations, so the best we can do is delve into a fantasy."[8] In general, Macomber's novels focus on delivering the message of the story and do not include detailed descriptive passages. Her heroines tend to be optimists, and the "stories are resolved in a manner that leaves the reader with a feeling of hope and happy expectation."[8] Many of the novels take place in small, rural town, with her Cedar Cove series loosely based on her own hometown.[9] Because of her Christian beliefs, Macomber does not include overly explicit sexual details in her books, although they do contain some sensuality.[10] Macomber's popularity has soared over the years, and even in 2006, after publishing 150 novels, her sales are growing by an average of 25% per year. Over sixty million copies of her books are in print throughout the world,[2] and one, This Matter of Marriage, became a made-for-tv-movie in 1998.[3] In another twist to her career, Macomber has signed a contract to publish an inspirational non-fiction book. Based on her inspirational lectures, Knit Together: Discovering God's Potential For Your Life is due to be released in late 2007.[11]

Recognition Macomber is a three-time winner of the B. Dalton Award,[5] and the inaugural winner of the fan-voted Quill Award for romance (2005, for 44 Cranberry Point).[4] She has been awarded the Romantic Times Magazine Distinguished Lifetime Achievement Award and has won a Romance Writers of America RITA Award, the romance novelist's equivalent of an Academy Award, for The Christmas Basket. Her novels have regularly appeared on the Waldenbooks and USAToday bestseller lists and have also earned spots on the New York Times Bestseller List. On September 6, 2007 she made Harlequin Enterprises history, by pulling off the rarest of triple plays—having her new novel, 74 Seaside Avenue, appear at the #1 position for paperback fiction on the New York Times, USAToday and Publishers Weekly bestseller lists. These three highly respected bestseller lists are considered the bellwethers for a book's performance in the United States.[5]

Personal In her office, located directly above a bookstore and an ice cream parlor, Macomber is currently committed to writing two single-title books (one hardcover, one paperback) and one shorter book each year. She has two full-time and two part-time assistants who help her with research, bookkeeping, sorting reader mail, and keeping up with her website.[3] Macomber receives approximately 3000 letters from fans every month and responds personally to each one.[5] Macomber is a volunteer mentor for young people, and is active in fundraising for battered women's shelters and for literacy and medical research. She is also a national board member for Warm-Up America,[2] and was appointed an ambassador for the Big Brothers Big Sisters of America national office in 1997.[5] For her good works, she was given the 1996-1997 Woman of Distinction Award by Soroptimist International of Port Orchard, Washington. Macomber and her husband, Wayne, have four children and numerous grandchildren. They live in Port Orchard, Washington,[6] where her husband is building his own airplane, and Macomber enjoys knitting and cooking. Debbie Macomber 46

Bibliography

Single Novels • Starlight (1983) • Girl Like Janet (1984) • Dreamer (1984) • Heartsong (1984) • That Wintry Feeling (1984) • Thanksgiving Prayer (1984) • Gift of Christmas (1984) • Borrowed Dreams: Alaska (1985) • Love Thy Neighbor (1985) • Adam's Image (1985) • Promise Me Forever (1985) • Laughter in the Rain (1985) • The Trouble with Caasi (1985) • A Friend or Two (1985) • Christmas Masquerade (1985) • Let It Snow (1986) • The Matchmakers (1986) • Reflections of Yesterday (1986) • Shadow Chasing (1986) • Yesterday's Hero (1986) • White Lace and Promises (1986) • Jury of His Peers (1986) • Yesterday Once More (1986) • Friends and Then Some (1986) • All Things Considered (1987) • Love by Degree (1987) • Cindy and the Prince (1987) • Sugar and Spice (1987) • Mail-Order Bride (1987) • No Competition (1987) • Love 'N' Marriage (1987) • Husband Required (1987) • Almost Paradise (1988) • Any Sunday (1988) • The Playboy and the Widow (1988) • Some Kind of Wonderful (1988) • Denim and Diamonds (1989) • Yours and Mine (1989) • Almost an Angel (1989) • For All My Tomorrows (1989) • The Way to a Man's Heart (1989) • Country Bride (1990) • (1990) • A Little Bit Country (1990) Debbie Macomber 47

• Rainy Day Kisses (1990) • The Courtship of Carol Sommars (1990) • First Comes Marriage (1991) • Here Comes Trouble (1991) • Stolen Kisses (1991) • Father's Day (1991) • The Forgetful Bride (1991) • The Man You'll Marry (1992) • My Hero (1992) • Groom Wanted (1993) • Lone Star Lovin' (1993) • Ready for Romance (1993) • Bride Wanted (1993) • Marriage Wanted (1993) • Morning Comes Softly, 1993/2006 • One Night, Harper 1994 • Someday Soon, Harper 1995 • Sooner or Later, Harper 1996 • Mrs. Miracle, Harper 1996/2005 • This Matter of Marriage, MIRA Books 1997/2003 • Three Brides, No Groom ,Silhouette Books 1997 • Lonesome Cowboy, Harlequin Books February 1998 • Montana MIRA Books, 1998 • Can This Be Christmas?, MIRA Books 1998 • Moon Over Water, MIRA Books 1999 • Thursdays at Eight, MIRA Books 2001 • Between Friends, MIRA Books 2002 • The Christmas Basket, MIRA Books 2002 • Changing Habits, MIRA Books 2003 • The Snow Bride , MIRA Books 2003 • When Christmas Comes, (Christmas gift edition hardcover) MIRA Books November 2004 • There's Something About Christmas, MIRA Books November 2005 • Christmas Letters, MIRA Books October 2006 • The Perfect Christmas, MIRA Books October 2009 2010 • Hannah's List, MIRA Books May 2010

Legendary Lovers Series 1. Cindy and the Prince, Silhouette Books 1988 2. Some Kind of Wonderful, Silhouette Books 1988 3. Almost Paradise, Silhouette Books 1988 • Legendary Lovers, Silhouette Books 1995 (Reissue of Cindy and the Prince, Some Kind of Wonderful & Almost Paradise) Debbie Macomber 48

Navy Series 1. Navy Wife, Silhouette Books 1988/2003 2. Navy Blues, Silhouette Books 1989/2003 3. Navy Brat, Silhouette Books 1991/2004 4. Navy Woman, Silhouette Books 1991/2004 5. Navy Baby, HQN Books 1991/2005 6. Navy Husband, Silhouette Special Edition 2005 • Navy Brides (2005) (Omnibus: Navy Wife / Navy Blues / Navy Brat) • Navy Grooms (2005) (Omnibus: Navy Woman / Navy Baby / Navy Husband) • Navy Wife / Navy Blues (omnibus) (2006)

The Manning Sisters Series 1. The Cowboy’s Lady, Silhouette Special Edition 1990 2. The Sheriff Takes A Wife, Silhouette Special Edition 1990

Those Manning Men Series 1. Marriage of Inconvenience, Silhouette Special Edition 1992 2. Stand-In Wife, Silhouette Special Edition 1992 3. Bride on the Loose, Silhouette Special Edition 1992

Orchard Valley Trilogy 1. Valerie, Harlequin 1992 2. Stephanie, Harlequin 1992 3. Norah, Harlequin 1993 • Orchard Valley, MIRA Books 1999 (Reissue of Valerie, Stephanie, & Norah)

From This Day Forward 1. Groom Wanted, Silhouette Special Edition 1993 2. Bride Wanted, Silhouette Special Edition 1993 3. Marriage Wanted, Silhouette Special Edition 1993

Angel Series 1. A Season of Angels , Harper/ 1993 2. The Trouble With Angels, Harper/Avon 1994 3. Touched By Angels, Harper/Avon 1995 4. Shirley, Goodness and Mercy, MIRA Books 1999 5. Those Christmas Angels, Harlequin SuperRomance 2003 6. Where Angels Go, Mira Books, 2007 • Christmas Angels, Harper/Avon 1996/1998 (Reissue of Touched by Angels, The Trouble With Angels & A Season of Angels) • A Gift to Last, MIRA Books 2002 (Reissue of Can This Be Christmas? & Shirley, Goodness, and Mercy) • Angels Everywhere, Harper/Avon 2002 (Reissue of A Season of Angels & Touched By Angels) • Angels At Christmas, MIRA Books 2009 (Reissue of Those Christmas Angels & Where Angels Go) Debbie Macomber 49

That Special Woman Series Multi-Author • Hasty Wedding (1993) • Same Time, Next Year (1995)

Midnight Sons Series 1. Brides For Brothers, Harlequin Romance 1995 2. Marriage Risk, Harlequin Romance 1995 3. Daddy's Little Helper, Harlequin Romance 1995 4. Because of the Baby, Harlequin Romance 1996 5. Falling For Him, Harlequin Romance 1996 6. Ending In Marriage, Harlequin Romance 1996 7. Mail Order Marriages, Harlequin Romance 2000 8. Family Men, Harlequin Romance 2000 9. The Last Two Bachelors, Harlequin Romance 2000 10. Born In A Small Town, Harlequin SuperRomance 2000 • Family Men (2000) (Omnibus: Daddy's Little Helper / Because of the Baby) • The Last Two Bachelors (2000) (Omnibus: Falling for Him / Ending in Marriage) • Mail-Order Marriages (2000) (Omnibus: Brides for Brothers / Marriage Risk)

Deliverance Company Series 1. Someday Soon, Harper/Avon 1995 2. Sooner or Later, Harper/Avon 1996 3. Moon Over Water, MIRA Books 1999/2003

Heart of Series 1. Lonesome Cowboy, Harlequin Romance 1998 2. Texas Two-Step, Harlequin Romance 1998 3. Caroline's Child, Harlequin Romance 1998 4. Dr. Texas, Harlequin Romance 1998 5. Nell's Cowboy, Harlequin Romance 1998 6. Lone Star Baby, Harlequin Romance 1998 7. Promise, Texas, MIRA Books 1999 8. Return to Promise, MIRA Books 2000 • Heart of Texas Vol. 1: Lonesome Cowboy/Texas Two-Step (2007) • Heart of Texas Vol. 2: Caroline's Child / Dr. Texas (2007) • Heart of Texas Vol. 3: Nell's Cowboy/ Lone Star Baby (2008) Debbie Macomber 50

Dakota Series 1. Dakota Born, MIRA Books 2000 2. Dakota Home, MIRA Books 2000 3. Always Dakota, MIRA Books 2001 4. Buffalo Valley, MIRA Books 2001

Cedar Cove Series 1. 16 Lighthouse Road, MIRA Books 2001 2. 204 Rosewood Lane, MIRA Books 2002 3. 311 Pelican Court, MIRA Books 2003 4. 44 Cranberry Point, MIRA Books 2004 5. 50 Harbor Street, MIRA Books 2005 6. 6 Rainier Drive, MIRA Books 2006 7. 74 Seaside Avenue, MIRA Books 2007 8. 8 Sandpiper Way, MIRA Books 2008 9. 92 Pacific Boulevard (MIRA Books, September 2009) 10. 1022 Evergreen Place Fall 2010 • A Cedar Cove Christmas MIRA Books October 2008

The Blossom Street Series 1. The Shop on Blossom Street, MIRA Books 2004/2005 2. A Good Yarn, MIRA Books 2005/2006 3. Susannah's Garden, MIRA Books May 2006 4. Back on Blossom Street, MIRA Books 2007 5. Twenty Wishes, MIRA Books 2008 6. Summer on Blossom Street, May 2009

Anthologies • Christmas Treasures '86, Silhouette 1986 • Christmas Treasures '91 Silhouette 1991 • To Mother With Love, Silhouette 1993 • Men in Uniform By Request, 1994 • Three Mothers and a Cradle, Silhouette 1995 • Christmas Angels: 3 Heavenly Romances 1996 • Mothers & Daughters, Signet 1998 • ’Tis the Season, “Christmas Masquerade” @ Silhouette 1999 • Ready for Love, “Ready for Marriage,”, “Ready for Romance”♦ MIRA Books 2001 • Take 5, “Yesterday Once More,” “Adam's Image” ♦ Harlequin 2001 • An Ideal Marriage?, “Father’s Day,”, “First Comes Marriage,” “Here Comes Trouble” ♦ Harlequin 2001 • Silhouette Christmas Collection, Midnight , “Let It Snow” Silhouette 2001 • Darling Daughters, "Yours and Mine," "Lone Star Lovin'" Harlequin Books 2002 • Christmas Anthology, “A Gift To Last,” "Can This Be Christmas?," “Shirley, Goodness & Mercy” ♦ MIRA Books 2002 • On A Snowy Night, "The Snow Bride" & "The Christmas Basket" MIRA Books November 2004 • Home for the Holidays–More Than Words–Volume 2, “What Amanda Wants” Harlequin Books October 2005 • Home for the Holidays, “When Christmas Comes” & “The Forgetful Bride” MIRA Books November 2005 Debbie Macomber 51

• Someday Soon & Sooner or Later, Avon Books June 2006 • Glad Tidings, “There’s Something About Christmas" & “Here Comes Trouble” MIRA Books November 2006 • Ready for Love, “Ready for Romance” & “Ready for Marriage” MIRA Books December 2006 • Be My Valentine, “My Funny Valentine," “My Hero” MIRA Books January 2007

Anthologies In Collaboration • My Valentine Harlequin, 1992 (with Katherine Arthur, Leigh Michaels and Peggy Nicholson) • To Have and To Hold, Harlequin 1992 (with Barbara Bretton, Rita Clay Estrada, Sandra James) • Christmas Treasures '92, Silhouette 1992 (with Maura Seger) • Purrfect Love, Harper 1994 (with Linda Lael Miller and Patricia Simpson) • Little Matchmakers, “The Matchmakers” Harlequin 1994/1996 (with Barbara Bretton, Muriel Jensen) • Always and Forever (1995) (with Bethany Campbell, Jasmine Cresswell) • Three Mothers and a Cradle: Rock-a-bye Baby, Cradle Song, Beginnings (1996) (with Jill Marie Landis and Gina Wilkins) • Runaway Brides, “Yesterday Once More” Silhouette 1996 (with Annette Broadrick and Detmer Riggs) • Home for Christmas, “The Forgetful Bride” Harlequin 1996 (with Anne McAllister and Shannon Waverly) • Christmas Kisses, Silhouette 1996 (with and Linda Turner) • The Father Factor (1998) (with and ) • That Summer Place, MIRA Books 1998 (with Jill Barnett and Susan Wiggs) • Through the Years, “Baby Blessed” ♦ Silhouette 1999 (with Linda Howard and ) • Power of Love (1999) (with Jayne Ann Krentz and Diana Palmer) • A Spring Bouquet, “The Marrying Kind” ♦ Zebra 1996/2000 (with Jo Beverley, , ) • Born in a Small Town, “Midnight Sons & Daughters” Harlequin 2000 (with Judith Bowen, Janice Kay Johnson) • Holiday Blessings, “Thanksgiving Prayer” ♦ Steeple Hill 2000 Harlequin 2000 (with Irene Hannon and Jane Peart) • Sealed With a Kiss, “My Funny Valentine” ♦ Harlequin 2002 (with Judith Bowen, Helen Brooks) • Their New Year Babies (2004) (with ) • Kiss Me Again (2005) (with Suzanne Forster, Lori Foster, Lisa Jackson) • Hearts Divided, “5-B Poppy Place" MIRA Books February 2006 (with Lois Faye Dyer and Katherine Stone) • Soldiers Brides (2007) (with Lois Faye Dyer and Lyn Stone)

Non fiction • Knit Along with Debbie Macomber (2005) • Knit Together (2007)

Graphic Novels • No Competition (2006) art by Yukino Hara • The Bachelor Prince (2006) art by Misao Hoshiai

Awards • The Christmas Basket: 2003 Rita Awards Best Novel winner Debbie Macomber 52

References

[1] http:/ / www. DebbieMacomber. com

[2] Donahue, Dick; Coffey, Michael (June 19, 2006). "How They Do Debbie" (http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ article/ CA6344654. html). Publishers Weekly. . Retrieved 2007-04-16

[3] Cockburn, Catherine (2006). "Debbie Macomber: the interview" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070830111241/ http:/ / www.

romanceaustralia. com/ interviews/ 2006debbiemacomber. htm). The Romance Writers of Australia. Archived from the original (http:/ / www.

romanceaustralia. com/ interviews/ 2006debbiemacomber. htm) on 2007-08-30. . Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[4] Munro, C. (October 13, 2005). "Debbie Macomber Wins First Annual Quill Award for Romance Category" (http:/ / www.

publishersnewswire. com/ news/ 2005-10-1013-PNW001. shtml). Publishers Newswire. . Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[5] "Debbie Macomber" (http:/ / www. eharlequin. com/ author. html?authorid=130). eHarlequin.Com. . Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[6] Dinsmore, Jeffrey (Spring 2005). "Meet the Writers: Debbie Macomber" (http:/ / www. barnesandnoble. com/ writers/ writerdetails.

asp?z=y& cid=1020005). Barnes and Noble. . Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[7] "ARR Interview with Debbie Macomber" (http:/ / www. aromancereview. com/ interviews/ debbiemacomber. phtml). A Romance Review. 2005. . Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[8] Huseby, Sandy (2005). "Q&A: Macomber's high-flying romance" (http:/ / www. bookpage. com/ 0512bp/ debbie_macomber. html). BookPage. . Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[9] Green, Tara (October 22, 2003). "Interview with Debbie Macomber" (http:/ / www. contemporaryromancewriters. com/ Interview. cfm?InterviewID=33). Contemporary Romance Writers. . Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[10] Neal, Jeri (December 2004). "Author of the Month: Debbie Macomber" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070927215155/ http:/ / www.

theromancereadersconnection. com/ aotm/ authorofthemonthmacomberdebbiedec04. html). The Romance Reader's Connection. Archived

from the original (http:/ / www. theromancereadersconnection. com/ aotm/ authorofthemonthmacomberdebbiedec04. html) on 2007-09-27. . Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[11] Maryles, Daisy (August 2, 2006). "Romance Superstart Macomber to Pen FaithWords Inspirational" (http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/

article/ CA6358596. html?q=debbie+ macomber). Publishers weekly. . Retrieved 2007-04-16

External links

• Personal (http:/ / www. debbiemacomber. com/ ) book sales (http:/ / debbiemacomberbooks. com/ ) websites

• Debbie Macomber (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0534160/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Debbie Macomber's Webpage (http:/ / www. eharlequin. com/ author. html?authorid=130) in Harlequin Enterprises Ltd's Website Francine Prose 53 Francine Prose

Francine Prose

Prose at the 2010 Brooklyn Book Festival

Born April 1, 1947Brooklyn, New York

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American

Francine Prose (born April 1, 1947, Brooklyn, New York) is an American writer. Since March 2007 she has been the president of PEN American Center. She graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968 and received a Guggenheim fellowship in 1991. She sat on the board of judges for the PEN/Newman's Own Award. Her novel, Blue Angel, a satire about sexual harassment on college campuses, was a finalist for the National Book Award. She is a Visiting Professor of Literature at Bard College. One of her novels, Household Saints, was adapted for a movie by Nancy Savoca. Another, The Glorious Ones, has been adapted into a musical with the same title by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty. It ran at the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theatre at Lincoln Center in New York City in the fall of 2007.

Bibliography

Novels • 1973 Judah the Pious Atheneum (Macmillan reissue 1986 ISBN 0-8398-2913-2) • 1974 The Glorious Ones (ISBN 0-06-149384-8, reissue 10/07) • 1977 Marie Laveau Berkley Publishing Corp. (ISBN 039911873X) • 1978 "Animal ", G.P. Putnam's Sons. (ISBN 0399121609) • 1981 Household Saints St. Martin's Press (ISBN 0-312-39341-5) • 1983 Hungry Hearts Pantheon (ISBN 0-394-52767-4) • 1986 Bigfoot Dreams Pantheon (ISBN 0-8050-4860-X) • 1992 Primitive People Farrar Straus & Giroux (ISBN 0-374-23722-0) • 1995 Hunters and Gatherers Farrar • 2000 Blue Angel Harper Perennial (ISBN 978-0060953713) Francine Prose 54

• 2003 "After" HarperCollin's (ISBN 0-06-008082-5) • 2005 A Changed Man HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-019674-2) • 2008 Goldengrove HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-621411-4) • 2009 "Touch" HarperTeen (ISBN 978-0-06-137517-0) (young adult literature|young adult novel)

Short story collections • 1988 Women and Children First Pantheon (ISBN 0-394-56573-8) • 1997 Guided Tours of Hell Metropolitan (ISBN 0-8050-4861-8) • 1998 The Peaceable Kingdom Farrar Straus & Giroux (ISBN 0-06-075404-4)

Children's books • 2005 Leopold, the Liar of Leipzig HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-008075-2)

Nonfiction • 2002 The Lives of the Muses: Nine Women & the Artists They Inspired HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-019672-6) • 2003 Gluttony Oxford University Press (ISBN 0-19-515699-4) (second in the Seven Deadly Sins series) • 2003 Sicilian Odyssey National Geographic (ISBN 0-7922-6535-1) • 2005 Caravaggio : Painter of Miracles Eminent Lives (ISBN 0-06-057560-3) • 2006 Reading Like a Writer HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-077704-4) • 2009 Anne Frank: The Book, the Life, the Afterlife HarperCollins (ISBN 0-06-143079-X)

Anne Frank: The Book, the Life, the Afterlife Francine Prose's 2009 non-fiction work is a critique of the "Diary of Anne Frank", taking a decidedly literary approach. It not only discusses the history of the world famous diary, but also Anne Frank's literary style, and her reason for writing the diary.

Book reviews • April 17, 2005 "'The Peabody Sisters': Reflected ": The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism, by Megan Marshall, Houghton Mifflin (ISBN 0-395-38992-5) • May 22, 2005 "'Oh the Glory of It All': Poor Little Rich Boy": Oh the Glory of It All, by Sean Wilsey, Penguin (ISBN 1-59420-051-3) • June 12, 2005 "'Marriage, a History': Lithuanians and Letts Do It," Marriage, a History: From Obedience to Intimacy, Or How Love Conquered Marriage, by Stephanie Coontz, Viking (ISBN 0-670-03407-X) • August 14, 2005 "'Eudora Welty': Not Just at the P.O.," New York Times: Eudora Welty: A Biography, by Suzanne Marrs, Harcourt Trade (ISBN 0-15-100914-7) • December 4, 2005 "Slayer of Taboos," New York Times: D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider, by John Worthen, Basic Books (ISBN 1-58243-341-0) • April 2, 2006 "Science Fiction," New York Times: The Book About Blanche and Marie, by Per Olov Enquist, Translated by Tiina Nunnally, Overlook (ISBN 1-58567-668-3) • July 9, 2006 "The Folklore of Exile," New York Times: Last Evenings on Earth, by Roberto Bolaño, Translated by Chris Andrews, New Directions (ISBN 0-8112-1634-9) • December 2008 "More is More: Roberto Bolaño's Magnum Opus", Harper's Magazine: 2666, by Roberto Bolaño, translated by Natasha Wimmer, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (ISBN 0-374-10014-4) • Dec/ Jan 2010 "Altar Ego," Bookforum: Ayn Rand and the World She Made, by Anne C. Heller, Nan A. Talese (ISBN 978-0-385-51399-9) Francine Prose 55

External links • Myers, D. G. (2010). "In Praise of Prose" [1]. Commentary. • Author page at Harpercollins [2] • A conversation with Francine Prose [3] on The Atlantic Online • Prose archive [4] from The New York Review of Books

References

[1] http:/ / www. commentarymagazine. com/ viewarticle. cfm/ in-praise-of-prose-15434

[2] http:/ / www. . com/ author/ index. aspx?authorid=14648

[3] http:/ / www. theatlantic. com/ unbound/ factfict/ ff9803. htm

[4] http:/ / www. nybooks. com/ authors/ 7417 Gabrielle Zevin 56 Gabrielle Zevin

Gabrielle Zevin Born Gabrielle Zevin24 October 1977

Occupation Author

Nationality American

Notable work(s) Elsewhere, Memoirs of a Teenage Amnesiac

[1]

Gabrielle Zevin (born October 24, 1977) is an American author and screenwriter. She is a Harvard graduate, born in New York City where she still lives. Her first novel Elsewhere was nominated for a 2006 Quill award, won the Borders Original Voices Award, and was a selection of the Barnes & Noble Book Club. The book has been translated into seventeen languages. She was nominated for a 2007 Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay for Conversations with Other Women starring Helena Bonham Carter and Aaron Eckhart and directed by Hans Canosa.

Bibliography

Adults • We're In (2010) • Margarettown (2005)

Young Adults • Memoirs of a Teenage Amnesiac (2007) • Elsewhere (2005)

External links • Gabrielle Zevin's Official Website [1] • Gabrielle Zevin [2] at The Internet Movie Database • Farrar Straus Giroux's Elsewhere website [3] • Teenreads Author Profile [4] • Bloomsbury's Elsewhere website [5] • Barnes & Noble's Meet the Writers profile [6] • The New York Times Book Review of Elsewhere [7] Gabrielle Zevin 57

Interviews • "Conversations with an Emerging Screenwriter." Nantucket Independent, 6/14/06 [8] • "Interview: Gabrielle Zevin" Teenreads.com Interview about Memoirs of a Teenage Amnesiac, 09/07 [9] • "Interview: Gabrielle Zevin" Teenreads.com Interview about Elsewhere, 09/30/05 [10] • "Interview: Gabrielle Zevin" Bildungsroman, 1/28/08 [11] • "Interview: Gabrielle Zevin" Estella's Revenge, 9/1/07 [12] • "Seven Impossible Interviews Before Breakfast #55 (Winter Blog Blast Tour Edition): Gabrielle Zevin" Seven Impossible Things Before Breakfast, 11/9/07 [13] • "Gabrielle Zevin Stops by for a Chat!" The Longstockings, 10/2/07 [14]

References

[1] http:/ / www. memoirsofa. com

[2] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0955251/

[3] http:/ / www. fsgkidsbooks. com/ elsewhere/

[4] http:/ / www. teenreads. com/ authors/ au-zevin-gabrielle. asp

[5] http:/ / www. bloomsbury. com/ elsewhere/

[6] http:/ / www. barnesandnoble. com/ writers/ writer. asp?cid=1034675

[7] http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2005/ 12/ 04/ books/ review/ 04spires. html?ex=1171170000& en=cca0914cd0a0a9d2& ei=5070

[8] http:/ / www. nantucketindependent. com/ news/ 2006/ 0614/ The_Arts/ 025. html

[9] http:/ / www. teenreads. com/ authors/ au-zevin-gabrielle. asp#view0709

[10] http:/ / www. teenreads. com/ authors/ au-zevin-gabrielle. asp#view050920

[11] http:/ / slayground. livejournal. com/ 336061. html

[12] http:/ / estellabooks. blogspot. com/ 2007/ 09/ interview-gabrielle-zevin. html

[13] http:/ / blaine. org/ sevenimpossiblethings/ ?p=988

[14] http:/ / thelongstockings. blogspot. com/ 2007/ 10/ gabrielle-zevin-stops-by-for-chat. html Gena Showalter 58 Gena Showalter

Gena Showalter Born 1975 (age 35–36)Oklahoma

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American

Period 2004 – present

Genres Romance, Young Adult

[1]

Gena Showalter (born in 1975, Oklahoma) is an American author in the genres of Contemporary romance, Paranormal romance, and Young Adult. Showalter sold her first book at the age of 27, and has published over 25 books. She has been named by The New York Times and USA Today as a bestselling author. Showalter has successfully published in the adult and young adult market.[2]

Works

Series

Imperia 1. The Stone Prince, September 2004 ISBN 0373770073 2. The Pleasure Slave, February 2005 ISBN 0373770324

Alien 1. Awaken Me Darkly, June 2005 ISBN 074349749X 2. Enslave Me Sweetly, June 2006 ISBN 0743497503 3. Red Handed, June 2007 4. Blacklisted, July 2007 5. Savor Me Slowly, January 2008 ISBN 1416531637 6. "Tempt Me Eternally" in Deep Kiss of Winter, February 2009 ISBN 1439159661 7. Seduce , June 2009 ISBN 1416531645 8. Ecstasy in Darkness, Oct 2010 9. Dark Taste of Rapture, Sept 2011 Gena Showalter 59

Atlantis 1. Heart of the Dragon, September 2005 ISBN 037377057X 2. Jewel of Atlantis, February 2006 ISBN 0373770960 3. The Nymph King, February 2007 ISBN 0373771886 4. The Vampire's Bride, March 2009 ISBN 0373773595 5. The Amazon's , March 2009 ebook; also in the Into the Dark, May 2010 ISBN 0373774516

Lords of the Underworld 1. The Darkest Fire, April 2008 novella ebook -- Geyron (Guardian of Hell) 2. The Darkest Night, May 2008 -- Maddox (Keeper of Violence) 3. The Darkest Kiss, June 2008 -- Lucien (Keeper of Death) 4. The Darkest Pleasure, July 2008 -- Reyes (Keeper of Pain) 5. The Darkest Prison, July 2009 novella ebook -- Atlas (Titan God of Strength) 6. The Darkest Whisper, September 2009 -- Sabin (Keeper of Doubt) 7. "The Darkest Angel" novella in Heart of the Darkness and in the anthology Dark Beginnings, January 2010 -- angel Lysander 8. The Darkest Passion, June 2010 -- Aeron (Keeper of Wrath) 9. The Darkest Lie, July 2010 -- Gideon (Keeper of Lies) 10. The Darkest Secret, April 2011 -- Amun (Keeper of Secrets) 11. The Darkest Surrender, October 2011 -- Strider (Keeper of Defeat) 12. The Darkest Seduction, 2012 -- Paris (Keeper of Promiscuity)

Tales of an Extraordinary Girl 1. Playing With Fire, September 2006 ISBN 0373771290 2. Twice as Hot, February 2010 ISBN 0373774370

Contemporary romance • Animal Instincts, April 2007 ISBN 0373771991 • Catch A Mate, June 2007 ISBN 0373772351

Young Adult • Oh My Goth, July 2006 ISBN 1416524746 • Red Handed, June 2007 ISBN 1416532242 • Blacklisted, July 2007 ISBN 1416532250

Intertwined Series 1. Intertwined, September 2009 ISBN 0373210124 2. Unraveled, August 2010 ISBN 0373210221 3. Twisted, Sept 2011

Anthologies • "The Witches of Mysteria and the Dead Who Love Them" in Mysteria, July 2006 ISBN 0425211061 • "A Tawdry Affair" in Mysteria Lane, December 2008 ISBN 0425222942 • "?" in Not That Innocent, 2008 • "Tempt me Eternally" in Deep Kiss of Winter, October 13, 2009 ISBN 1439159661 • "The Darkest Angel" in Heart of Darkness, January 2010 ISBN 0373774311 Gena Showalter 60

• "The Darkest Fire", "The Darkest Prison", and "The Darkest Angel" in Darkest Beginnings, April 16, 2010 ISBN 0778303713 • "The Darkest Fire", "The Amazon's Curse", and "The Darkest Prison" in Into the Dark, April 27, 2010 ISBN 0373774516 • "Temptation in Shadows" in The Bodyguard, June 29, 2010 ISBN 0312943237 • Unnamed anthology in On the Hunt, February 1, 2011 ISBN 0451232437

Reviews and press • USA Today published list for Paperback Fiction, of February 8th, 2007 named Gena Showalter a USA Today Best Selling Author.[3] • The New York Times published list for Paperback Fiction, of February 18th, 2007 named Gena Showalter a NY Times Best Selling Author.[4]

References

[1] http:/ / www. genashowalter. com/

[2] Lodge, Sally (2010-11-29). "Today's YA Scene" (http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ pw/ by-topic/ childrens/ childrens-book-news/ article/

45333-today-s-ya-scene-. html). Publishers Weekly. . Retrieved 2010-12-08.

[3] http:/ / asp. usatoday. com/ life/ books/ booksdatabase/ default. aspx

[4] http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 02/ 18/ books/ bestseller/ 0218bestpaperfiction. html?_r=1& oref=slogin

http:/ / members. genashowalter. com/ events/ official-release-of-the

External links

• Showalter's Official Web Site (http:/ / www. genashowalter. com/ )

• Showalter's Blog (http:/ / genashowalter. blogspot. com/ )

• Showalter's Booklist (http:/ / www. genashowalter. com/ books. htm#tales) Heinlein juveniles 61 Heinlein juveniles

"Heinlein juveniles" refers to the 12 novels written by Robert A. Heinlein and published by Scribner's between 1947 and 1958. The intended readership was teenage boys, but the books have been enjoyed by a wide range of readers. Heinlein had great respect for the children who read the books and was eager to present challenging material to them, such as the firearms for teenagers in . This led to "annual quarrels over what was suitable for juvenile reading"[1] with Scribner's editors. The series came to an end when Scribner's rejected in 1959, ending Heinlein's relationship with the company. He wrote, "I am tired of being known as a 'leading writer of children's books', and nothing else."[2] Putnam soon published Starship Troopers. In addition to the novels, Heinlein wrote two short stories about Scouting for boys and three short stories with Puddin', a teenage female protagonist, for girls. Another novel, , is often classified as a juvenile, although Heinlein himself did not consider it to be one.[3]

The Scribner's juveniles 1. , 1947 2. , 1948 3. Red Planet, 1949 4. , 1951 5. The Rolling Stones aka Space Family Stone, 1952 6. , 1953 7. , 1953 8. , 1954 9. , 1955 10. , 1956 11. , 1957 12. Have Space Suit—Will Travel, 1958

Scouting stories for boys When he returned to writing after World War II, Heinlein sought to diversify beyond pulp science fiction. The "Boy Scout" stories, originally printed in the Boy Scouts of America magazine Boys' Life, were part of that effort.[4] Farmer in the Sky, which also had a strong connection to Scouting, was serialized in Boys' Life under the title "Satellite Scout". Heinlein considered writing another Boy Scout story called "Polar Scout" in conjunction with a planned trip to Antarctica in early 1964, with the goal of releasing a collection of Scouting-related stories as a juvenile book. The trip did not take place and the author never wrote "Polar Scout".[5] • "Nothing Ever Happens on the Moon", 1949 • "Tenderfoot in Space", 1958

Puddin' stories for girls Upon delivery of one of his early juveniles, his editor at Scribner's commented that she wished somebody would write some stories for girls.[6] Heinlein took this as a challenge and wrote a short story for girls. The story, a first-person tale featuring Maureen "Puddin'", appeared under the byline "R. A. Heinlein" in Calling All Girls magazine. He wrote two more, and planned four additional stories with the goal of publishing a collection titled Men Are Exasperating, but he never wrote any more and the Puddin' stories have never been collected in one volume. Heinlein juveniles 62

• "Poor Daddy", 1949 • "Cliff and the Calories", 1950 • "The Bulletin Board", 1951

Podkayne Heinlein wrote "I grew so fond of Maureen [Puddin'] that I helped her to get rid of that excess weight, changed her name to "Podkayne," and moved her to Mars (along with her unbearable kid brother)."[7] Heinlein felt that a particular ending was dramatically necessary to the story, but early readers hated it, and he reluctantly changed it. The book has since been released with both the original published ending and Heinlein's original ending. • Podkayne of Mars, 1963, re-released 1995 with both endings The table below does not list most of the collections of short stories by Heinlein that have been published. Besides his many novels, Heinlein also wrote and published a huge number of short stories that were first published in the science fiction magazines and elewhere.

Notes [1] , Grumbles from the Grave, p. 83. [2] October 10, 1960, Grumbles from the Grave, p. 226. [3] March 10, 1962, Grumbles from the Grave, p. 86. [4] , p. 276. [5] December 28, 1963, Grumbles from the Grave, p. 192-193. [6] Expanded Universe, p. 354. [7] Expanded Universe, p. 354.

External links

• Heinlein's Juveniles: Still Contemporary After All These Years (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/ works/

novels/ heinleinjuveniles. html)

• Heinlein's Child (http:/ / www. enter. net/ ~torve/ critics/ child. html) Isabel Allende 63 Isabel Allende

Isabel Allende

Allende in Barcelona, 2008

Born 2 August 1942Lima, Peru

Occupation Author, Journalist

Nationality Chilean American Notable work(s)

[1]

Isabel Allende Llona (born in Lima, Peru on August 2, 1942) is a Chilean writer with American citizenship.[2] Allende, whose works sometimes contain aspects of the "magic realist" tradition, is famous for novels such as The House of the Spirits (La casa de los espíritus) (1982) and City of the (La ciudad de las bestias) (2002), which have been commercially successful. Allende has been called "the world’s most widely read Spanish-language author".[3] In 2010 she received Chile's National Literature Prize.[4] In 2004, Allende was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters.[5] Allende's novels are sometimes based upon her own personal experiences and often pay homage to the lives of women, while weaving together elements of and realism. She has lectured and toured many American colleges to teach literature. Allende adopted American citizenship in 2003 and has lived in California with her husband since 1989.

Biography Allende was born in Lima, Peru, the daughter of Francisca Llona Barros and Tomás Allende; the Chilean ambassador to Peru. Her father was a first cousin of Salvador Allende, President of Chile from 1970 to 1973; so Salvador is her first cousin once removed.[6] [7] [8] Many sources cite Allende as being Salvador Allende's niece (without specifying that the relationship is that Tomas and Salvador are cousins);[9] the confusion stems from Allende herself often referring to Salvador as her "'uncle" (tío) in her private life and public interviews.[10] This is because in Spanish a "first cousin once removed" is translated as "second degree uncle" (tío en segundo grado). Isabel Allende 64

In 1945, after Tomás had disappeared,"[6] Isabel's mother relocated with her three children to Santiago, Chile, where they lived until 1953.[11] [12] Between 1953 and 1958, Allende's mother married Ramón Huidobro and moved often. Huidobro was a diplomat appointed to Bolivia and Beirut. In Bolivia, Allende attended a North American private school; and in Beirut, Lebanon she attended an English private school. The family returned to Chile in 1958. Allende was also briefly home-schooled. In her youth, she read widely, particularly the works of .

In 1970 Salvador Allende appointed Huidobro as ambassador to Argentina.[12] While living in Chile, Allende finished her secondary studies and met engineering student Miguel Frías whom she married in 1962.[12] Reportedly, "Allende married early, into an Anglophile family and a kind of double life: at home she was the obedient wife and mother of two; in public she became, after a spell translating Barbara Cartland, a moderately well-known TV personality, a dramatist and a [6] Isabel Allende at the Miami Book Fair International journalist on a feminist magazine." in 1990 From 1959 to 1965, Allende worked with the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization in Santiago, Chile, then in Brussels, Belgium, and elsewhere in Europe. For a brief while in Chile, she also had a job translating romance novels from English to Spanish.[10] However, she was fired for making unauthorized changes to the dialogue of the heroines to make them sound more intelligent as well as altering the Cinderella endings to let the heroines find more independence and do good in the world.[13]

Allende and Frías' daughter Paula was born in 1963. In 1966, Allende again returned to Chile and her son Nicolás was born there that year. Reportedly, "the CIA-backed military coup in September of 1973 (that brought Augusto Pinochet to power) changed everything" for Allende because "her name meant she was caught up in finding safe passage for those on the wanted lists" (helping until her mother and stepfather, a diplomat in Argentina, narrowly escaped assassination). When she herself was added to the list and began receiving death threats, she fled to Venezuela, where she stayed for 13 years.[6] [14] In Venezuela she was a columnist for El Nacional, a main newspaper. In 1978 she began a temporary separation from Miguel Frías. She lived in Spain for two months, then returned to her marriage.[15]

Current Life During a visit to California in 1988, Allende met her second husband, attorney Willie Gordon. In 1994 she was awarded the Gabriela Mistral Order of Merit, the first woman to receive this honor. Allende currently lives in San Rafael, California. Most of her family lives near her with her son living "with his second wife and her grandchildren just down the hill; her son-in-law and his family live in the house she and her second husband, San Francisco lawyer and novelist William Gordon, vacated."[6] In 2006, she was one of the eight flag bearers at the Opening of the Winter Olympics in Turin, .[16] In 2008, Allende received the honorary degree Doctor of Humane Letters from San Francisco State University for her "distinguished contributions as a literary artist and humanitarian."[17] Isabel Allende 65

Foundation Allende started the Isabel Allende Foundation on December 9, 1996 to pay homage to her daughter, Paula Frías Allende who experienced a coma after complications of the disease porphyria placed her on a hospital bed.[18] Paula was only twenty-eight years old when she died in 1992.[19] The foundation is "dedicated to supporting programs that promote and preserve the fundamental rights of women and children to be empowered and protected."[20]

Literary career

Beginning in 1967, Allende was on the editorial staff for Paula magazine, and from 1969 to 1974 for the children's magazine Mampato, where she later was the Editor.[21] She published two children's stories, La Abuela Panchita (Grandmother Panchita) and Lauchas y Lauchones, as well as a collection of articles, Civilice a Su Troglodita. She also worked in Chilean television production for channels 7 (humorous programs) and 13 from 1970 to 1974.[21] As a journalist, she once sought an interview with Pablo Neruda, a notable Chilean poet. While Neruda accepted the interview, he told her that she had too much imagination to be a journalist and should be a novelist instead.[10] He also advised her [22] to compile her satirical columns in book form. She Isabel Allende (in red), 2007, California did so, and this became her first published book. In 1973, Allende's play El Embajador played in Santiago, a few months before she was forced to flee the country due to the coup.

In Allende's time in Venezuela, she was a freelance journalist for El Nacional in Caracas from 1976 to 1983 and an administrator of the Marrocco School in Caracas from 1979 to 1983.[21] In 1981, when Allende learned that her grandfather, aged 99, was on his deathbed, she started writing him a letter that later evolved into a book manuscript, The House of the Spirits (1982); the intent of this work was to exorcise the ghosts of the Pinochet dictatorship. The book was a great success; Allende was compared to Gabriel García Márquez as an author of the style known as magical realism.[6] Allende's books have since become known for their vivid . Although Allende is often lumped together with the literary style of magical realism, her works often display elements of post-Boom literature, and as such her style cannot be described as purely adhering to magical realism. Allende also holds to a very methodical literary routine.[23] She writes using a computer, working Monday through Saturday, 9:00 A.M. to 7:00 P.M. "I always start on January 8," Allende stated; "a tradition she began in 1981 with a letter she wrote to her dying grandfather that would become the groundwork for her first novel, The House of the Spirits."[24] Allende is also quoted as saying: In January 8, 1981, I was living in Venezuela and I received a phone call that my beloved grandfather was dying. I began a letter for him that later became my first novel, The House of the Spirits. It was such a lucky book from the very beginning, that I kept that lucky date to start.[25] Allende's book Paula (1995) is a memoir of her childhood in Santiago, Chile and the following years she spent in exile. It is written in the form of a letter to her daughter Paula, who was being treated at a hospital in Spain following a porphyria-induced coma. In 1991, an error in medication resulted in severe brain damage and left Paula in a persistent vegetative state. Allende had her moved to a hospital in California where she died on 6 December 1992. Allende's novels have been translated into over 30 languages and sold more than 56 million copies.[26] [27] There are three movies based on her novels currently in production — , and Gift for a Sweetheart.[20] Her Isabel Allende 66

2008 book, The Sum of Our Days is a memoir. It focuses on her recent life with her immediate family, which includes her grown son, Nicolás; second husband, William Gordon; and several grandchildren.[26] A novel set in New Orleans was published in 2010, The Island Beneath the Sea.

Literary criticism Despite or perhaps because of her commercial success and "being compared to Gabriel García Márquez," Allende has been the subject of negative criticism from other authors and literary critics — among them Roberto Bolaño.[28] In an article published in Entre paréntesis, Bolaño writes that Allende's literature is anemic and compares it to a person on his deathbed.[29] Bolaño has been one of her harshest critics, saying that it is to give her credit to call her a writer and that she is rather a "writing machine".[30] Literary critic Harold Bloom concurs with Bolaño that Allende is a bad writer, and adds that she only reflects a determinate period and that afterwards everybody will have forgotten her.[30] [31] Of Bolaño, Allende said to El Clarín that she is honoured to be represented by him as a Chilean, although she remembered Bolaño regarded her as trash.[32] In the same interview, Allende recognises that she has rarely had good criticism in Chile and that Chilean intellectuals "detest" her. Novelist Gonzalo Contreras says that "she commits a grave error, to confuse the commercial success with literary quality".[33] Allende disagrees with these assessments of her, and she has also been quoted as saying: The fact people think that when you sell a lot of books you are not a serious writer is a great insult to the readership. I get a little angry when people try to say such a thing. There was a review of my last book in one American paper by a professor of Latin American studies and he attacked me personally for the sole reason that I sold a lot of books. That is unforgivable.[34] Alternatively, it has been noted that "Allende's impact not only on Latin American literature but also on world literature cannot be overestimated."[20] The has called Allende "a genius,"[20] and she has received many international awards, including the prestigious Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize,[20] granted to writers "who have contributed to the beauty of the world."[20] She has recently been called a "literary legend" by Latino Leaders Magazine, which in its 2007 article named Allende as the third most influential Latino leader in the world.[20]

Awards • Novel of the Year (Chile, 1983) • Panorama Literario (Chile, 1983) • Author of the Year (Germany, 1984) • Book of the Year (Germany, 1984) • Grand Prix d'Evasion (France, 1984) • Grand Prix de la Radio Télévision Belge (Point de Mire, 1985) • Best Novel (Mexico, 1985) • Colima Literary Prize (Mexico, 1986) • Quality Paperback Book Club New Voice (United States; 1986 nominee) • Author of the Year (Germany, 1986) • XV Premio Internazionale I Migliori Dell'Anno (Italy, 1987) • Premio Mulheres a la Mejor Novela Extranjera (Portugal, 1987) • Los Angeles Times Book Prize nominee (United States, 1987) • Library Journal's Best Book (United States, 1988) • Before Columbus Foundation Award (United States, 1989) • Orden al Mérito Docente y Cultural Gabriela Mistral (Chile, 1990) • XLI Bancarella Literary Prize (Italy, 1993) • Independent Foreign Fiction Award (England, June–July 1993) Isabel Allende 67

• Brandeis University Major Book Collection Award (United States, 1993) • Feminist of the Year Award, The Feminist; Majority Foundation (United States, 1994) • Critics' Choice (United States, 1996) • Books to Remember, American Library Assoc. (United States, 1996) • Hispanic Heritage Award in Literature (United States, 1996).[35] • Malaparte Amici di Capri (Italy, 1998) • Donna Citta Di Roma (Italy, 1998) • Dorothy and Lillian Gish Award (United States, 1998) • Sara Lee Foundation (United States, 1998) • Premio Iberoamericano de Letras José Donoso, University of Talca (Chile, 2003) • Premio Honoris Causa, Università di Trento en "lingue e letteratura moderne euroamericane" (Trento, Italy, May 2007) • Chilean National Prize for Literature (Chile, 2010) • Chevalier des Artes et des Lettres distinction (France) (????)

Works • The House of the Spirits (1982) La casa de los espíritus • The Porcelain Fat Lady (1984) La gorda de porcelana • Of Love and Shadows (1985) De amor y de sombra • Eva Luna (1987) Eva Luna • The Stories of Eva Luna (1989) Cuentos de Eva Luna • (1991) El plan infinito • Paula (1995) Paula • Aphrodite: A Memoir of the Senses (1998) Afrodita • (1999) Hija de la fortuna • (2000) Retrato en sepia • City of the Beasts (2002) La ciudad de las bestias • My Invented Country: A Memoir (2003) Mi país inventado • Kingdom of the Golden Dragon (2004) El reino del dragón del oro • (2005) El Zorro: Comienza la leyenda • Forest of the Pygmies (2005) El bosque de los pigmeos • Ines of My Soul (2006) Inés del alma mía • The Sum of Our Days: A Memoir (2008) La suma de los días • The Island Beneath the Sea (2010) "La isla bajo el mar"

Other contributions • "Afterword", Tales of Zorro, edited by Richard Dean Starr, , 2008

References

[1] http:/ / www. isabelallende. com/

[2] Isabel Allende: "¡Escribo bien! Por lo menos admítanme eso" (http:/ / www. emol. com/ noticias/ magazine/ detalle/ detallenoticias. asp?idnoticia=389856) [Emol], 17 December 2009 Vengo a Chile por lo menos tres veces al año, me comunico con Chile todos los días a través de Skype con mi mamá, estoy enterada de lo que pasa y cuando me preguntan 'qué eres' digo automáticamente 'chilena'. Vivo en América, pero me siento profundamente chilena en la manera de vivir, de ser: soy mandona, metete, dominante, intrusa, hospitalaria, tribal. (Isabel Allende)

[3] Isabel Allende Named to Council of Cervantes Institute. Latin American Herald Tribune. 23 October 2009 (http:/ / www. laht. com/ article.

asp?ArticleId=346023& CategoryId=13003) Isabel Allende 68

[4] http:/ / www. latercera. com/ noticia/ cultura/ 2010/ 09/

1453-288788-9-isabel-allende-gana-el-premio-nacional-de-literatura-tras-fuerte-campana-de. shtml

[5] http:/ / www. artsandletters. org/ academicians2_current. php [6] Review: The undefeated: A life in writing: Often compared to Gabriel García Márquez, Isabel Allende is more interested in telling stories about her own life, her difficult upbringing, marriage and her daughter's death. Aida Edemariam. (London) - Final Edition.

GUARDIAN REVIEW PAGES; Pg. 11. 28 April 2007 Isabel Allende website (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2007/ apr/ 28/

isabelallende. fiction) [7] Shirley Christian, Santiago Journal; Allende's Widow Meditates Anew on a Day in '73, The New York Times. Section A; Page 4, Column 3; Foreign Desk. 5 June 1990 [8] Veronica Ross, Sewing didn't cut it for Inés, Guelph Mercury (Ontario, Canada). BOOKS; Pg. C5. 3 March 2007 [9] International: Chilean government rejects state funeral for Pinochet as thousands queue to pay respects: Body to be cremated amid fears of attacks on tomb: Capital quiet after victory parade turns into a riot. Jonathan Franklin, Santiago. The Guardian (London). GUARDIAN INTERNATIONAL PAGES; Pg. 14. 12 December 2006

[10] Isabel Allende: A Critical Companion. Karen Castellucci Cox; Greenwood Press, 2003. 184 pgs. p. 2-4. (http:/ / www. questiaschool. com/

read/ 111670240?title=Isabel Allende: A Critical Companion)

[11] Mirta Ojito, A Writer's Heartbeats Answer Two Calls. 28 July 2003. The New York Times (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2003/ 07/ 28/ books/

a-writer-s-heartbeats-answer-two-calls. html?fta=y& incamp=archive:article_related) The article notes that Allende has been told that her father left them and that due to Chile's anti-divorce laws, it was impossible for Allende's mother to divorce Tomás. Her mother, 83 when the article was published, and her stepfather, 87 at the time, have lived together for 57 years, but they are still not recognized in Chile as married.

[12] www.isabelallende.com Isabel Allende website (http:/ / www. isabelallende. com/ roots_timeline_001. htm) [13] Alexandra Alter, Isabel Allende on Superstition and Memory. , p. W4, 23 April 2010. " . . she often changed the dialogue and endings to make the heroines seem smarter."

[14] A Writer's Heartbeats Answer Two Calls. The New York Times. 28 July 2003 (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2003/ 07/ 28/ books/

a-writer-s-heartbeats-answer-two-calls. html?fta=y& incamp=archive:article_related& pagewanted=2) The New York Times article notes that she left Chile in 1975.

[15] Isabel Allende website (http:/ / www. isabelallende. com/ roots_timeline_002. htm)

[16] TEDtalks: Isabel Allende Tells Tales of Passion (http:/ / www. ted. com/ talks/ isabel_allende_tells_tales_of_passion. html) [17] San Francisco State University 2008 Commencement Program

[18] After Paula: An Interview with Isabel Allende (http:/ / lanic. utexas. edu/ project/ etext/ llilas/ tpla/ 9901. html)

[19] Isabel Allende Foundation (http:/ / www. isabelallendefoundation. org/ iaf. php) [20] The list 101 top leaders of the Latino community in the U.S; Cover story. Allen, Kerri; Miller, Corina; Socorro, Dalia; Stewart, Graeme. Latino Leaders Pg. 24(27) Vol. 8 No. 4 ISSN: 1529-3998. 1 June 2007 [21] Life at a glance. The Guardian (London). Guardian Saturday Pages; Pg. 6. 5 February 2000 [22] Wall Street Journal p. W4, 23 April 2010: " . . interviewed Pablo Neruda, the poet told her that she'd make a better novelist than a reporter. "I think he saw that I was a liar. As a journalist I could not be objective. I would make up stories . . . At the time I was hurt because he said I was the worst journalist."" [23] LATIN AMERICA'S SCHEHERAZADE; Drawing on dreams, , and memories, Chilean novelist Isabel Allende weaves fantastical tales in which reality and the absurd intersect. Fernando Gonzalez. The Boston Globe MAGAZINE; Pg. 14. 25 April 1993 [24] Allende, heroine 'Ines' are kindred spirits. Javier Erik Olvera. Inside Bay Area (California). BAY AREA LIVING; Home and Garden. 25 November 2006

[25] Isabel Allende (http:/ / www. isabelallende. com/ interviews_articles. htm) [26] This old "House" opened a lot of doors for author Allende; Theater preview. Misha Berson. The Seattle Times ROP ZONE; Ticket; Pg. H44. 1 June 2007 [27] Wall Street Journal p. W4, 23 April 2010

[28] Joanne Leedom-Ackerman (http:/ / www. isabelallende. com/ curious_interviews_frame. htm) [29] Bolaño, Roberto. Entre paréntesis, page 102: Es decir la literatura de Allende es mala, pero está viva, es anémica, como muchos latinoamericanos, pero está viva. No va a vivir mucho tiempo, como muchos enfermos, pero ahora está viva.

[30] Los éxitos y las críticas (http:/ / www. clarin. com/ diario/ 2003/ 02/ 09/ s-04003. htm) El Clarin. 9 February 2003 Isabel Allende es una muy mala escritora y sólo refleja un período determinado. Después todos se olvidarán de ella. (Harold Bloom) Me parece una mala escritora, simple y llanamente, y llamarla escritora es darle cancha. Ni siquiera creo que Isabel Allende sea una escritora, es una escribidora. (Roberto Bolaño) [31] Isabel Allende (Bloom's Modern Critical Views) ISBN 0791070395 ISBN 978-0791070390

[32] Isabel Allende : “Chile es un país bélico por naturaleza” (http:/ / www. elclarin. cl/ index. php?option=com_content& task=view&

id=18382& Itemid=62) (Spanish), El Clarín de Chile, 20 September 2009 Para nosotros como chilenos es un honor que Bolaño nos represente. Sin embargo, hay que recordar que Bolaño consideraba que yo era una basura pero eso no le quita ningún mérito. (Isabel Allende) La verdad es que en Chile nunca o muy rara vez he tenido una buena crítica. Y pese a que tengo innumerables lectores y hasta se piratean mis libros pero el mundo pequeño de los literatos de Chile me detestan. (Isabel Allende) Isabel Allende 69

[33] Isabel Allende critica duramente a escritores chilenos y desata polémica (http:/ / www. icarito. cl/ medio/ articulo/

0,0,3255_5700_39755205,00. html), La Tercera. 9 February 2003 Ella incurre en un gravísimo error, confundir éxito de ventas con calidad literaria. (Gonzalo Contreras) [34] This much I know: Isabel Allende, writer, 65, San Francisco. This article appeared on p. 10 of the Comment & features section of the

Observer on Sunday 13 July 2008. It was published on guardian.co.uk at 00.07 BST on Sunday 13 July 2008 (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/

lifeandstyle/ 2008/ jul/ 13/ familyandrelationships. healthandwellbeing1)

[35] "Hispanic Heritage Awards for Literature" (http:/ / www. hispanicheritage. org/ hispanic_search. php?name=& opt2=10& opt3=0& x=6& y=10). Hispanic Heritage Foundation. . Retrieved 11 January 2011.

Sources • Isabel Allende, Award-Winning Latin American Author by Mary Main (2005) - ISBN 0-7660-2488-1 • Bautista Gutierrez, Gloria and Corrales-Martin, Norma; Pinceledas Literarias Latinoamericanas, John Wiley and Sons, 2004

External links

• Isabel Allende's Personal Website (http:/ / www. isabelallende. com/ )

• Isabel Allende's IMDb Site (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0021196/ )

• Isabel Allende Foundation (http:/ / www. isabelallendefoundation. org/ english/ about_isabel. html)

• Isabel Allende (http:/ / www. thelavinagency. com/ usa/ isabelallende. html) speaker profile at The Lavin Agency

• JUST 10 Questions for Isabel Allende (http:/ / justcauseit. com/ articles/ just-10-questions-isabelle-allende) at JUST CAUSE Magazine.

• Write TV Public Television Interview with Isabel Allende (http:/ / writetv. okstate. edu/ bestofWOL. html)

• Guardian Books "Author Page" (http:/ / books. guardian. co. uk/ authors/ author/ 0,5917,-3,00. html)

• Isabel Allende (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Isabel_Allende) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database • Memories, Fight and Fantasy at the Hand of the Great Superhero of the Spanish Narrative - a 2006 interview

(http:/ / www. threemonkeysonline. com/ article_isabel_allende_interview. htm)

• Interview on The Ledge (http:/ / www. the-ledge. com/ flash/ ledge. php?conversation=41& lan=UK)

• Biography from the international literature festival in Berlin (http:/ / www. literaturfestival. com/ bios1_3_6_955. html)

• TED Talks: Isabel Allende tells tales of passion (http:/ / www. ted. com/ talks/ view/ id/ 204) at TED in 2007

• 'The Knife by the Handle at Last' (http:/ / www. nybooks. com/ articles/ 21790) Tim Parks review of The Sum of Our Days from The New York Review of Books

• Isabel Allende at the California Film Institute (http:/ / www. cafilm. org/ cgi/ sql. cgi?View& T=gallery_rafael&

V=SQL& Q_CATEGORY_REQUIRE=Isabel Allende)

• KCTS 9 Television Interview (http:/ / www. kcts9. org/ video/ interview-chilean-american-author-isabel-allende)

• Allende on Her New Novel Island Beneath the Sea (http:/ / www. democracynow. org/ 2010/ 5/ 3/ chilean_author_isabel_allende_on_her) - video interview by Democracy Now!

• Interviewed for the first season of [[The Artist Toolbox (http:/ / www. theartisttoolbox. com/ index. php/

theartists/ Isabel+ Allende)]] Jacquelyn Mitchard 70 Jacquelyn Mitchard

Jacquelyn Mitchard Born December 10, 1951Chicago, Illinois

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American

Period 1996 - present

[1]

Jacquelyn Mitchard (born December 10, 1951) is an American journalist and author. She is the author of the best-selling novel The Deep End of the Ocean, which was the first selection for Oprah's Book Club, on September 17, 1996.[2] [3] Other books by Mitchard include The Breakdown Lane, Twelve Times Blessed, Christmas, Present, A Theory of Relativity, The Most Wanted , Cage of Stars, and Still Summer.

Biography Born and raised in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, Mitchard is the daughter of a plumber and a retail clerk. She studied creative writing for three semesters under Mark Costello (author of The Murphy Stories) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She became a newspaper reporter in 1976, eventually achieving a position as lifestyle columnist for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel newspaper. Her weekly column, The Rest of Us: Dispatches from the Mother Ship, appeared in 125 newspapers nationwide until she retired it in 2007. Mitchard is a contributing editor for PARADE, and Wondertime, and is featured regularly in Reader's Digest, Good Housekeeping, Hallmark, and other publications. Mitchard married Dan Allegretti, a reporter for The Capital Times, and the couple had three children (Robert, Daniel, and Martin). After 13 years of marriage, Allegretti died of colon cancer at the age of 45 in 1993.[4] [5] [6] After the death of Allegretti, while working for the freelance Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and a part-time public relations position at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, she started writing her first novel, The Deep End of the Ocean.[6] The idea for the story had come to her in a dream in the summer of 1993.[7] She is an alum of the Ragdale Foundation, an artist's colony in Lake Forest, Illinois, where she went to write the first two chapters on the encouragement of author Jane Hamilton.[6] After finishing the first six chapters, 70 pages, she sold the book to for $500,000, in December 1994, for that book and a second one to be written later (The Most Wanted).[4] [5] [8] Bolstered by being featured by Oprah, the novel sold close to 3 million copies by May 1998.[9] It has been Mitchard's only #1 New York Times Bestseller, on the list for 29 weeks, including six weeks at number 1.[10] The book had originally reached number 14, and then dropped off the list, but after being selected by Winfrey, sales jumped.[5] The paperback would spend 16 weeks on the list.[3] The film rights were sold for $300,000.[7] But all of her other novels have been bestsellers as well as garnering critical acclaim—particularly for The Most Wanted, Cage of Stars and The Breakdown Lane. The Most Wanted was nominated for Britain's Orange Prize for Fiction and Cage of Stars for Britain's Spread The Word Prize. In 2004 Mitchard published her first book for children and young adults. Her first children's picture book, Baby Bat's , appeared in 2004 from HarperChildren's. Her two middle-grade novels, also published by HarperChildren's, Starring Prima!: The Mouse of the Ballet Jolie, and Rosalie, My Rosalie: The Tale of a Duckling appeared in 2004 and 2005. Her second children's picture book, Ready, Set , School!, appeared in 2007. Jacquelyn Mitchard 71

Now You See Her, Mitchard's first Young Adult novel, was published in 2007 by HarperTeen. All We Know of Heaven (HarperTeen) appeared in spring 2008, and the first in a series of Young Adult mysteries, The Midnight Twins (Razorbill/Penguin), based on the bewildering clairvoyant gift of twins Mallory and Meredith Brynn, debuted in summer 2008. Mitchard lives south of Madison, Wisconsin, on 110 acres (0.45 km2) of farmland now planted as prairie,[11] with her husband, Christopher Brent Sornberger (an artist-carpenter) and their seven children: Rob, Dan, Marty, Francie, Maria, Will and Atticus. Mitchard and Sornberger acted together in the theatre play Love Letters by A.R. Gurney at the Performing Arts Center at Oregon High School in 1999.[12]

One Writer's Place Hoping to create a place for women and men in disadvantaged circumstances created by divorce or widowhood, in 2007 Mitchard founded One Writer's Place, a residence dedicated to healing through creativity. Details about qualifying and applying for a residence at One Writer's Place can be found on her website. Jacquelyn Mitchard's official website [13]

Bibliography

For Adults • Non-fiction/biography: • 1985: Mother Less Child — (W.W. Norton & Co.) • Fiction: • 1996: The Deep End of the Ocean — (Viking Press) • 1998: The Most Wanted — (Viking Press) • 2001: A Theory of Relativity — (HarperCollins) • 2003: Christmas, Present — (HarperCollins) • 2003: Twelve Times Blessed — (HarperCollins) • 2005: The Breakdown Lane — (HarperCollins) • 2006: Cage of Stars — (Warner Books; ISBN 9780446578752) • 2007: Still Summer — (Warner Books; ISBN 9780446578769) • 2009: No Time to Wave Goodbye — (Random House; ISBN 9781400067749)

For Young Adults • Non-Fiction/biography: • 1992: Jane Addams: Pioneer in Social Reform and Activist for World Peace — (Gareth Stevens Children's Books) • Fiction: • 2007: Now You See Her — (HarperCollins) • 2008: All We Know of Heaven — (HarperTeen) • 2008: The Midnight Twins — (Razorbill) • 2009: Look Both Ways — (Razorbill) • 2010: Watch For Me By The Moonlight (Razorbill) Jacquelyn Mitchard 72

For Children • 2004: Baby Bat's Lullaby — (with Julia Noonan; HarperCollins) • 2004: Starring Prima!: The Mouse of the Ballet Jolie — (with Tricia Tusa; HarperCollins) • 2005: Rosalie, My Rosalie: The Tale of a Duckling — (with John Bendall-Brunello; HarperCollins) • 2007: Ready, Set, School! — (with Paul Rátz de Tagyos; HarperCollins)

Essays A sought-after essayist, Mitchard's essays have appeared in: • Non-fiction/collection of essays: • 1997: The Rest of Us: Dispatches From the Mother Ship — (Viking Press; ISBN 9780670876624) • In other collections: • 2005: A Love Like No Other: Stories from Adoptive Parents, edited by Pamela Kruger and Jill Smolowe (Riverhead) • 2006: My Father Married Your Mother, edited by Anne Burt (W.W. Norton) • 2007: Mr. Wrong: Real Life Stories About Men We Used to Love, edited by Harriet Brown (Ballantine) • 2007: Choice: True Stories of Birth, Contraception, Infertility, Adoption, Single Parenthood and Abortion, edited by Karen E. Bender and Nina de Gramont (McAdam Cage) • 2007: Altared: Bridezillas, Bewilderment, Big Love, Breakups and What Women Really Think About Contemporary Weddings, edited by Collen Curran (Vintage)

References

[1] http:/ / www. jackiemitchard. com/ [2] John-Hall, Annette. - "Reading with Oprah". - The Philadelphia Inquirer. - November 20, 1996. [3] Kirkpatrick, David D. - "Oprah Will Curtail 'Book Club' Picks, And Authors Weep". - The New York Times. - April 6, 2002. [4] Simms, Pat. - "New Author Signs Two-Book Deal". - Wisconsin State Journal. - December 19, 1994. [5] Blinkhorn, Lois. - "Madison Author Scores Coup". - Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. - September 27, 1996. [6] Carvajal, Doreen. - "Reality Returns for an Anointed Author". - Wisconsin State Journal. - August 8, 1998. [7] Basbanes, Nicholas A. - Dream Takes Jacquelyn Mitchard to a Best-Selling 'Deep End'". - The Morning Call. - December 1, 1996. [8] "FYI". - Milwaukee Sentinel. - December 17, 1994. —Steinberg, David. - "Author Has Oceans of Good Luck". - Albuquerque Journal. - August 10, 1997. [9] "Mitchard's Life Moves From Brisk to Warp Speed". - The Capital Times. - May 22, 1998. [10] Korbelik, Jeff. - "'Deep End' is a little shallow". - Lincoln Journal Star. - March 12, 1999. [11] Wineke, William. - "Theory of Life". - Wisconsin State Journal. - June 17, 2001. [12] Thomas, Rob - "Mitchard, Husband Try Hand at Stage". - The Capital Times. - April 23, 1999.

[13] http:/ / www. jacquelynmitchard. com/

External links

• Jacquelyn Mitchard's official website (http:/ / www. jacquelynmitchard. com/ )

• A profile of Jacquelyn Mitchard (http:/ / www. harpercollins. com/ author/ index. aspx?authorid=20846). - HarperCollins. James Frey 73 James Frey

James Frey Born September 12, 1969

Occupation Screenwriter, Director, Producer, Writer

[1]

James Christopher Frey (born September 12, 1969) is an American writer. His books A Million Little Pieces (2003) and My Friend Leonard (2005), as well as the fictional Bright Shiny Morning,[2] were bestsellers. In late 2005 and early 2006, investigators discovered that pivotal elements of A Million Little Pieces, a purportedly autobiographical account of the author's struggle with addiction, were untrue.

Career Before Frey began his writing career, he held several jobs in the Chicago area while studying at the Art Institute of Chicago. Frey then moved to Los Angeles, California, and found work as a screenwriter, director, and producer. In the spring of 1996, Frey started writing A Million Little Pieces, originally presented as a memoir of his experiences during his treatment for alcohol and drug addiction at a rehabilitation center in Minnesota. Frey also wrote the screenplays to the films Kissing a and Sugar: The Fall of the West.[3] Both were produced in 1998, the latter of which he directed as well. Doubleday published A Million Little Pieces in April 2003, and Amazon.com editors selected it as their favorite book of that year. The New Yorker praised the book as “A frenzied, electrifying description of the experience.”[4] In 2004, Frey wrote My Friend Leonard, which continued where A Million Little Pieces left off, and centered on the father-son relationship which Frey and his friend Leonard, from Hazelden, shared. My Friend Leonard was published in June 2005 by Riverhead, and became a bestseller. Amazon.com editors selected My Friend Leonard as their #5 favorite book of 2005. In 2007, Frey wrote Bright Shiny Morning, which was published in May 2008 by HarperCollins. Frey's books have been published in thirty-one languages worldwide.

Controversy

Media skepticism On January 8, 2006, The Smoking Gun website published an article: "A Million Little Lies: Exposing James Frey's Fiction Addiction" alleging that Frey fabricated large parts of his memoirs, including details about his criminal record.[5] One in the book that came under particular scrutiny was a 1986 train-automobile collision in St. Joseph Township, Michigan.[6] The website alleged that Frey had never been incarcerated and that he greatly exaggerated the circumstances of a key arrest detailed in the memoir: hitting a police officer with his car, while high on crack, which led to a violent melee with multiple officers and an 87-day jail sentence. In the police report that TSG uncovered, Frey was held at a police station for no more than five hours before posting a bond of a few hundred dollars for some minor offenses. The arresting officer, according to TSG, recalled Frey as having been polite and cooperative. The book's hardcover (Doubleday) and paperback (Anchor Books) publishers initially stood by Frey. But examination of the evidence caused the publishers to alter their stances. They released a statement noting, "When the James Frey 74

Smoking Gun report appeared, our first response, given that we were still learning the facts of the matter, was to support our author. Since then, we have questioned him about the allegations and have sadly come to the realization that a number of facts have been altered and incidents embellished."[7] As a consequence, the publishers decided to include a publisher's note and an author's note from Frey as disclaimers to be included in future publications.[8] The Minneapolis Star Tribune had questioned Frey's claims as early as 2003. Frey responded by saying, "I've never denied I've altered small details."[9] In a May 2003 interview, Frey claimed that his publisher had fact-checked his first book. He stated, "The only things I changed were aspects of people that might reveal their identity. Otherwise, it's all true."[5] On January 11, 2006, Frey appeared with his mother on Larry King Live on CNN. He defended his work while claiming that all memoirs alter minor details for literary effect. Frey consistently referred to the reality of his addiction, which he said was the principal point of his work. Oprah Winfrey called in at the end of the show defending the essence of Frey's book and the inspiration it provided to her viewers, but said she relied on the publisher to assess the book's authenticity.[10] On January 13, 2006, it was reported that all subsequent printings of A Million Little Pieces would include an author's note addressing concerns about the content.[11]

Live confrontation with Oprah As more accusations against the book continued to surface, Winfrey invited Frey on her show. She wanted to hear from him directly whether he had lied to her (and viewers) or "simply" embellished minor details, as he had told Larry King. Frey admitted to several of the allegations against him. He acknowledged that The Smoking Gun had been accurate when the website reported that Frey had only spent a few hours in jail rather than the 87 days Frey claimed in his memoirs.[12] Winfrey then brought out Frey's publisher Nan Talese to defend her decision to classify the book as a memoir. Talese admitted that she had done nothing to check the book's veracity, despite the fact that her representatives had assured Winfrey's staff that the book was indeed non-fiction and described it as "brutally honest" in a press release. David Carr of the New York Times wrote, "Both Mr. Frey and Ms. Talese were snapped in two like dry winter twigs."[13] "Oprah annihilate[d] Frey," proclaimed Larry King.[14] New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd wrote, "It was a huge relief, after our long national slide into untruth and no consequences, into Swift boating and swift bucks, into W.'s delusion and denial, to see the Empress of Empathy icily hold someone accountable for lying,"[15] and 's Richard Cohen was so impressed by the confrontation that he crowned Winfrey "Mensch of the Year."[16]

Aftermath On January 31, 2006, it was announced that Frey was dropped by his literary manager, Kassie Evashevski of Brillstein-Grey Entertainment, over matters of trust. In an interview [17] with Publishers Weekly, Evashevski said that she had "never personally seen a media frenzy like this regarding a book before." Though she will no longer be representing him, when asked to reflect on Frey's future as a writer, she said, "I still believe he's a very talented writer and suspect we haven't heard the last of James Frey." On February 1, 2006, Random House published Frey's note to the reader [18] which was subsequently included in later editions of the book. In the note, Frey apologized for fabricating portions of his book and for having made himself seem "tougher and more daring and more aggressive than in reality I was, or I am." He added, "People cope with adversity in many different ways, ways that are deeply personal. . . . My mistake . . . is writing about the person I created in my mind to help me cope, and not the person who went through the experience." Frey admitted that he had literary reasons for his fabrications, as well: "I wanted the stories in the book to ebb and flow, to have dramatic arcs, to have the tension that all great stories require." He also said memoirists had a right to draw upon their memories, in addition to documents, in creating their written works.[19] James Frey 75

On February 24, 2006, Frey's publicist revealed that Penguin imprint Riverhead had dropped out of a two-book, seven-figure deal with Frey. Riverhead had previously published Frey's bestselling 2005 book, My Friend Leonard. On September 12, 2006, Frey and publisher Random House, Inc. reached a tentative legal settlement, where readers who felt that they had been defrauded by Frey's A Million Little Pieces would be offered a refund. In order to receive the refund, customers had to submit a of purchase, pieces of the book itself (page 163 from the hardcover or the front cover from the paperback), and complete a sworn statement indicating that they purchased the book under the assumption that it was a memoir.[20] On July 28, 2007, at a literary convention in Texas, Nan Talese blasted Oprah Winfrey for being "mean and self-serving", having a "holier-than-thou" attitude as well as having "fiercely bad manners" during Winfrey's debate against Talese and James Frey on January 26, 2006. Talese said she and Frey were led to believe the show was going to be a panel discussion on "Truth in America". Just before air time, both Talese and Frey were told the topic of the show had been changed to "The James Frey Controversy". According to Talese, at the end of the show, Oprah pulled Frey aside and said "I know it was rough, but it's just business." Talese stated that Oprah needed to apologize for her behavior on the show. However Joyce Carol Oates said "This is an ethical issue which can be debated passionately and with convincing arguments on both sides. In the end, Oprah Winfrey had to defend her own ethical standards of truth on her television program, which was courageous of her". Talese was unapologetic about publishing Frey's A Million Little Pieces and commented that the book had great value for anyone who must deal with a loved one who is an addict.[21] In September 2007, HarperCollins announced a new Frey novel, Bright Shiny Morning, to be published in the summer of 2008.[22] [23] In May 2009, Vanity Fair reported that Oprah Winfrey had called James Frey and made a formal apology for blasting him on her show for this scandal.[24]

Full Fathom Five In 2009, Frey formed "Full Fathom Five," a young adult novel publishing company that aimed to create highly commercial, high concept novels like Twilight. In November 2010, controversy arose when an MFA student who had been in talks to create content for the company released her extremely limiting contract online. The contract allows Frey license to remove an author from a project at any time, does not require him to give the author credit for their work, and only pays a standard advance of $250.

Lawsuit settlement On November 2, 2007, the Associated Press published a story about a judgment in favor of readers who felt deceived by Frey's claims of A Million Little Pieces being a memoir. Although the publisher, Random House, had set aside $2.35 million for lawsuits, only 1,729 readers came forward to receive a refund for the book. The refund offer was extended to anyone who had purchased the book prior to Frey disclosing the falsehoods therein. With the claimants that received refunds, that total only came to $27,348. Approximately $1.3 million will be spent in legal fees, distribution of the legal notice, and charitable donations to three charities. The publisher also agreed to provide a disclosure at the beginning of the book, citing the somewhat fictitious nature of the text.[25]

Current work In late 2007, Frey signed a new three-book, seven figure deal with Harper Collins to release his novel, Bright Shiny Morning, which was published May 13, 2008.[26] [27] Bright Shiny Morning, appeared on the New York Times bestseller list, and has received mixed reviews. The New York Times's Janet Maslin, who had previously been one of Frey's detractors, gave the book a positive review.[28] Michelle Green of People magazine gave the novel a positive review, calling Frey a "wildly talented storyteller", commenting that the novel is "so powerful it makes one wonder James Frey 76

why he ever detoured into nonfiction."[29] In contrast, David L. Ulin of the Los Angeles Times called the novel "One of the worst I've ever read."[30] The New Yorker review described the novel as "banal."[31] On August 2, 2008, the Guardian UK says "Irvine Welsh is entranced by James Frey's tale of redemption - 'the literary comeback of the decade'. James Frey is probably one of the finest and most important writers to have emerged in recent years."[32] The first epigraph states: "Nothing in this book should be considered accurate or reliable." In December 2008, Frey said he is working on an outline for a new novel, which he would depict as "the last book of the Bible", titled Illumination. He would show Jesus resurrected in New York City, living among prostitutes and the flotsam of the city.[33] On August 19th 2010 the 's Page Six reported that Frey has teamed up with executive producers Mark Wahlberg and Steve Levinson to write the pilot for a one hour drama for HBO that will focus on a behind-the-scenes look into the porn industry in LA. Frey states the show as being "a sprawling epic about the porn business in LA. We're going to tell the type of stories no one else has told before, and go places no one has gone before." [34]

References and footnotes

[1] http:/ / www. bigjimindustries. com

[2] Bright Shiny Morning-NY Times Bestseller (http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ gst/ fullpage. html?res=9A0CE2DE1639F932A35755C0A96E9C8B63)

[3] Sugar: The Fall of the West at the (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0168197/ ) Internet Movie Database

[4] Barnes & Noble.com - Books: A Million Little Pieces, by James Frey, Paperback (http:/ / search. barnesandnoble. com/ booksearch/

isbninquiry. asp?z=y& pwb=1& ean=9780307276902) A Million Little Pieces became a bestseller, ultimately residing on the New York Times Best Seller List for 44 weeks, selling in excess of 4.5 million copies. In September, 2005, Oprah Winfrey chose A Million Little Pieces for her monthly book club.

[5] A Million Little Lies - January 8, 2006 (http:/ / www. thesmokinggun. com/ archive/ 0104061jamesfrey1. html)

[6] A Million Little Lies - January 8, 2006 (http:/ / www. thesmokinggun. com/ jamesfrey/ 0104061jamesfrey5. html)

[7] http:/ / www. amazon. com/ dp/ 0385507755

[8] http:/ / observer. com/ 20060123/ 20060123_Sheelah_Kolhatkar_pageone_coverstory2. asp

[9] http:/ / www. startribune. com/ 462/ story/ 175790. html

[10] http:/ / www2. oprah. com/ tows/ pastshows/ 200510/ tows_past_20051026. jhtml

[11] The Washington Post. http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2006/ 01/ 13/ AR2006011300602. html.

[12] http:/ / www2. oprah. com/ tows/ slide/ 200601/ 20060126/ slide_20060126_350_102. jhtml

[13] Carr, David (2006-01-30). "How Oprahness trumped truthiness" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2006/ 01/ 30/ business/ media/ 30carr.

html?ex=1296277200& en=1c0e8843da5b43d6& ei=5088& partner=rssnyt& emc=rss). The New York Times. . Retrieved 2007-10-05.

[14] "CNN.com" (http:/ / transcripts. cnn. com/ TRANSCRIPTS/ 0705/ 01/ lkl. 01. html). CNN. . Retrieved May 5, 2010.

[15] Dowd, Maureen (2006-01-08). "Oprah's Bunk Club" (http:/ / homepage. mac. com/ imfalse/ chapel_annex/ oprahs_bunk_club. html). The New York Times. . Retrieved 2007-10-05.

[16] Poniewozik, James (2006-01-26). "Oprah Clarifies Her Position: Truth, Good. Embarrassing Oprah, Very Bad" (http:/ / time-blog. com/

tuned_in/ 2006/ 01/ oprah_clarifies_her_position_t. html). Time. . Retrieved 2007-10-05.

[17] http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ article/ CA6303378. html?text=evashevski

[18] http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20060209041638/ http:/ / www. randomhouse. com/ trade/ publicity/ pdfs/ AMLP020106. pdf

[19] James Frey Admits Memoir's Alterations (http:/ / www. breitbart. com/ news/ 2006/ 02/ 01/ D8FGGIOO0. html)

[20] "Frey, Publisher Settle Suits Over 'Pieces'" (http:/ / www. . msn. com/ id/ 14715706/ ). MSNBC. September 12, 2006. . Retrieved September 14, 2006.

[21] "Oprah vs. James Frey: The Sequel" (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ arts/ article/ 0,8599,1648140,00. html?cnn=yes). Time. July 30, 2007. . Retrieved July 30, 2007.

[22] http:/ / www. msnbc. msn. com/ id/ 20750314/

[23] Rich, Motoko (September 13, 2007). "Book Deal for Writer Who Fabricated Parts of Memoir" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 09/ 13/

business/ media/ 13book. html?ref=arts). The New York Times. . Retrieved May 5, 2010.

[24] http:/ / omg. yahoo. com/ news/ oprah-apologizes-for-slamming-author-james-frey/ 22495?nc

[25] "Judge Approves 'A Million Little Pieces' Refund Settlement for Disgruntled Readers" (http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ story/

0,2933,307837,00. html). Fox News. November 2, 2007. . Retrieved November 3, 2007.

[26] Associated Press (September 12, 2007). "‘Million Little Pieces’ author writing a novel" (http:/ / www. msnbc. msn. com/ id/ 20750314/ ). MSNBC. .

[27] Motoko, Rich (September 13, 2007). "Book Deal for Writer Who Fabricated Parts of Memoir" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 09/ 13/

business/ media/ 13book. html?ref=arts). New York Times. . James Frey 77

[28] Maslin, Janet; "Little Pieces of Los Angeles, Done His Way "; nytimes.com; May 12, 2008. (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 05/ 12/

books/ 12masl. html) [29] People; May 26, 2008; Page 60.

[30] Ulin, David L.; "Bright Shiny Morning by James Frey"; latimes.com; May 13, 2008. (http:/ / www. latimes. com/ features/ books/

la-et-book13-2008may13,0,4956589. story)

[31] Amazon.com listing for Bright Shiny Morning (http:/ / www. amazon. com/ Bright-Shiny-Morning-James-Frey/ dp/ 0061573132)

[32] "Saved by the City of Angels" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2008/ aug/ 02/ fiction1), Guardian UK Review, August 2008

[33] "James Frey to write 'third book of the bible'" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2008/ dec/ 16/ james-frey-bible), Guardian UK Review, December 2008

[34] "HBO working on a show about porn business" (http:/ / www. nypost. com/ p/ pagesix/ internet_thorn_in_porn_world_54TrISW6vpH14ctWEwQkBK). New York Post. August 19, 2010. .

External links

• James Frey's Website and Blog (http:/ / www. bigjimindustries. com)

• James Frey (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0294580/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• New York Times Review of Bright Shiny Morning (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 05/ 12/ books/ 12masl. html)

• Oprah Winfrey link (http:/ / www2. oprah. com/ obc_classic/ featbook/ mlp/ author/ author_bio_02. jhtml) • Transcript of January 11, 2006 interview with Larry King regarding the controversy over A Million Little Pieces

(http:/ / transcripts. cnn. com/ TRANSCRIPTS/ 0601/ 11/ lkl. 01. html)

• Full transcript of Oprah/Frey interview held after controversy became public. Retrieved on 16-12-2009. (http:/ /

www. oprah. com/ slideshow/ oprahshow/ oprahshow1_ss_20060126)

• Oprah vs. James Frey: The Sequel. Retrieved on 07-30-2007. (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ arts/ article/

0,8599,1648140,00. html?cnn=yes)

• James Frey on Bright Shiny Morning (La Clé des langues) (http:/ / cle. ens-lyon. fr/ 99070027/ 0/

fiche___pagelibre/ & RH=CDL_ANG110400) James Haskins 78 James Haskins

James Haskins Born September 19, 1941Demopolis, , U.S.A.

Died July 6, 2005 (aged 63)

Occupation nonfiction writer

Genres Biography, Children's literature, Young adult literature

Notable work(s) The Story of Stevie Wonder Lena Horne Count Your Way series

James Haskins (September 19, 1941-July 6, 2005) was a prolific and award-winning author with more than one hundred books for both adults and children. Many of his books highlight the achievements of African Americans and cover the history and culture of Africa and the African American experience. His work also included many biographical subjects ranging from Hank Aaron to Scatman Crothers and Malcolm X. Most of his writings were for young people. He wrote on a great variety of subjects that introduced young people to the language and cultures of other countries, especially Africa.

Biography Haskins was born in Demopolis, Alabama, and spent his childhood in a household with lots of children. He received his high school education in Boston, Massachusetts.[1] He received a B.A. degree from Georgetown University in 1960, a B.S. degree from Alabama State University in 1962, and a M.A. degree from the University of New Mexico in 1963. After graduation, before he decided to become a teacher, Haskins moved to New York and worked as a stock trader on Wall Street. He taught music and special education classes in Harlem. His first book, Diary of a Harlem Schoolteacher, was a result of his experience.[1] He was a professor of English at the University of Florida, Gainesville, and lived in New York City. Haskins died in 2005 of complications from emphysema.[1]

Writing Haskins' picture books, with many brightly colored pictures and few words, were geared to young children just learning to read. They tend to highlight the achievements of African Americans in society. The characters in his stories cover the gamut of African American role models, from Rosa Parks to the black members of the Hannibal Guards, a military organization in Pittsburgh during the Civil War.[2] Haskins' 1977 picture book The Cotton Club, featuring gangsters, jilted love, and pre-prohibition gangsters, was used as inspiration for the 1984 film of the same name.[1] In 1998 his critically acclaimed young adult book African American Entrepreneurs was published by Jossey-Bass in English. The book followed the success of his first work, Voodoo and Hoodoo: The Craft as Revealed by Traditional Practitioners, which was published some twenty years prior. James Haskins 79

Awards Haskins won many awards for his work. Several of his books won the Coretta Scott King Award including The Story of Stevie Wonder, which won the award in 1976; and Lena Horne, which won the same award in 1984. Bricktop was chosen by the English-Speaking Union to be a Book-Across-the-Sea in 1983. Black Music in America won the 1988 Carter G. Woodson Book Award of the National Council for Social Studies. His four-book Count Your Way series (Arab World, China, Japan, and Russia) won the Alabama Library Association Award for best work for children in 1988. In 1994, he was presented the Washington Post Children’s Book Guide Award.

Bibliography (selected) • Diary of a Harlem Schoolteacher (Grove Press, 1969) • The Story of Stevie Wonder (1975) • Voodoo and Hoodoo: The Craft as Revealed by Traditional Practitioners (1978) • James Van DerZee: The Picture Takin' Man (1980) • Bricktop (1983) • Lena Horne (1983) • Black Music in America (1987) • Count Your Way series (1987) • Black Music in America: A History Through Its People (1987) • The March on Washington (1994) • African American Entrepreneurs (Jossey-Bass, 1998) • Profiles in Black Power (1972) • Scott Joplin: The Man Who Made Ragtime (1978) • Pele: A Biography (1976)

Notes

[1] Watkins, Mel. "James Haskins, an Author on Black History, Dies at 63," New York Times (July 11, 2005). (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2005/

07/ 11/ books/ 11haskins. html?) Accessed Apr. 28, 2009.

[2] Children's Literature: Meet Authors & Illustrators (http:/ / childrenslit. com/ childrenslit/ f_haskins. html)

References • Gale References Team, Who’s Who Among African Americans: Biography — Haskins, James S (1941). (Gale, 2005). • Kumar, Lisa, Something About the Author. Volume 165 (Thomson Gale, 2006).

• Also see James Haskins in This Goodly Land: Alabama’s Literary Landscape (http:/ / media. cla. auburn. edu/

goodlyland/ author. cfm?AuthorID=28)

External links

• James Haskins Biography (http:/ / www. harpercollinschildrens. com/ HarperChildrens/ Kids/

AuthorsAndIllustrators/ ContributorDetail. aspx?CId=12192)

• This Goodly Land Author Information for James S. Haskins (http:/ / media. cla. auburn. edu/ goodlyland/ author. cfm?AuthorID=28) Jewell Parker Rhodes 80 Jewell Parker Rhodes

Jewell Parker Rhodes (b.1954 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American novelist. Rhodes is professor of Creative Writing and American Literature and former Director of the Master of Fine Arts Program in Creative Writing at Arizona State University. Rhodes is the Artistic Director for Global Engagement and the Piper Endowed Chair of the Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing at Arizona State University.

Life Born and raised in Manchester, a largely African-American neighborhood on the North Side of Pittsburgh, she received a Bachelor of Arts in Drama Criticism, a Master of Arts in English, and a Doctor of Arts in English (Creative Writing) from Carnegie Mellon University. She is the author of five novels: Voodoo Dreams, Magic City, Douglass' Women, Voodoo Season, and Yellow Moon; and a memoir, Porch Stories: A Grandmother's Guide to Happiness. A sixth novel, Hurricane Levee Blues, and a children’s novel, Ninth Ward, will be published in 2009. She has also authored two writing guides: Free Within Ourselves: Fiction Lessons for Black Authors, and The African American Guide to Writing and Publishing Non-Fiction. Her play, Voodoo Dreams; was cited as "Most Innovative" Drama in the 2000-2001 Professional Theater Season by the Arizona Republic and she is currently at work on a theatrical version of Douglass' Women. Her work has been published in Germany, Italy, Canada, Turkey, and the and reproduced in audio and for NPR's "Selected Shorts." Her literary awards include: Yaddo Creative Writing Fellowship, the American Book Award, the National Endowment of the Arts Award in Fiction, the Black Caucus of the American Library Award for Literary Excellence, the PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Award for Outstanding Writing, two Arizona Book Awards, and a finalist citation for the Hurston-Wright Legacy Award. She has been a featured speaker at the Runnymeade International Literary Festival (University of London-Royal Holloway), Santa Barbara Writers Conference, Creative Nonfiction Writers Conference, and Warwick University, among others. Ninth Ward has just won the American Library Association's 2011 Coretta Scott King Honor Book Award. Recent fiction and essays have been anthologized in Rise Up Singing: Black Women Writers on Motherhood, (ed., Berry), In Fact: The Best of Creative Nonfiction, (ed. Gutkind), Gumbo, (ed., Golden and Harris) Children of the Night: Best Short Stories By Black Writers, (ed., Naylor) among others.

Awards She has been awarded the California State University Distinguished Teaching Award, ASU's Dean's Quality Teaching Award, Outstanding Thesis Director from the Barrett Honors College, and the Outstanding Faculty Award from the College of Extended Education. She is a member of the Arizona/International Women's Forum and a Renaissance Weekend invitee.

Works • Voodoo Dreams: A Novel of Marie Laveau, a novel (New York: St. Martin's, 1993) • Magic City, a novel (New York: HarperCollins, 1997) • Free within Ourselves: Fiction Lessons for Black Authors, nonfiction (New York: Main Street Books/Doubleday, 1999) • The African American Guide to Writing and Publishing Non-Fiction, nonfiction (New York: Broadway Books , 2001) • Douglass' Women, a novel (New York: Atria Books, 2002) Jewell Parker Rhodes 81

• Voodoo Season: A Marie Laveau Mystery, a novel (New York: Atria Books, 2005) • Porch Stories: A Grandmother's Guide to Happiness, nonfiction (New York: Atria Books, 2006) • Yellow Moon: A Novel, a novel (New York: Atria Books, 2008) . Ninth Ward- children's book- (2010)

External links • Jewell Parker Rhodes profile [1] • Jewell Parker Rhodes homepage [2]

References

[1] http:/ / www. post-gazette. com/ pg/ 05306/ 598882. stm

[2] http:/ / www. jewellparkerrhodes. com/ John Grisham 82 John Grisham

John Grisham

Grisham in 2008.

Born John Ray Grisham, Jr.February 8, 1955Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American

Alma mater Mississippi State University University of Mississippi School of Law

Period 1989-present

Genres Legal thriller Crime fiction Football

[1]

John Ray Grisham, Jr. (born 8 February 1955)[2] is an American author, best known for his popular legal thrillers. John Grisham graduated from Mississippi State University before attending the University of Mississippi School of Law in 1981 and practiced criminal law for about a decade. He also served in the House of Representatives in Mississippi from January 1984 to September 1990.[3] Beginning writing in 1984, he had his first novel A Time To Kill published in June 1989. As of 2008, his books had sold over 250 million copies worldwide.[4] A Galaxy British Book Awards winner, Grisham is one of only three authors to sell two million copies on a first printing, the others being Tom Clancy and J. K. Rowling.[5] Grisham's first best seller was The Firm. Released in 1991, it sold more than seven million copies.[2] The book was adapted as a feature film. In addition, seven more of his novels: The Chamber, The Client, A Painted House, The Pelican Brief, The Rainmaker, The Runaway Jury, and A Time to Kill, were adapted as movies. His books have been translated into 29 languages and published worldwide.[6] His other best-selling books include The , The Summons and The Broker.[7] John Grisham 83

Early Life and education John Grisham, the second oldest of five siblings, was born in Jonesboro, Arkansas, to Wanda Skidmore Grisham and John Grisham.[3] His father worked as a construction worker and a cotton farmer, while his mother was a homemaker.[8] The family relocated frequently, until they decided to settle in the town of Southaven in DeSoto County, Mississippi; Grisham was four then.[3] As a child, Grisham wanted to be a baseball player.[6] Despite the fact that Grisham's parents lacked formal education, his mother encouraged her son to read and prepare for college.[2] He went to the Northwest Junior College in Senatobia, Mississippi and later attended Delta State University in Cleveland.[3] Grisham drifted so much during his time at the college that he changed colleges three times before completing a degree.[2] He graduated from Mississippi State University in 1977, receiving a BS degree in accounting. He later enrolled in the Ole Miss Law School to become a tax lawyer, but his interest shifted to general civil litigation. He graduated in 1983 with a specialty in criminal law.[3]

Marriage and family Grisham married Renee Jones on 8 May 1981, and the couple have two children together: Shea and Ty.[3] The "family splits their time between their Victorian home on a farm" outside Oxford, Mississippi, "and a home near Charlottesville, Virginia."[8] In 2008, he and his wife bought a condominium at McCorkle Place in Hill, North Carolina.[9] He and his wife also teach in Sunday school in First Baptist Church of Oxford.[10]

Career

Early career Grisham started working for a nursery as a teenager - watering bushes for $1.00 an hour. He was soon promoted to a fence crew for $1.50 an hour. He wrote about the job: "there was no future in it." [11] At 16, Grisham took a job with a plumbing contractor; he "never drew inspiration from that miserable work." [11] Through a contact of his father, he managed to find work on a highway asphalt crew in Mississippi. He was seventeen then. It was during this time that an unfortunate incident got him "serious" about college. A fight had broken out among the crew on a , with gunfire from which Grisham ran to the restroom to escape. He didn't come out until after the police had "hauled away rednecks". He hitchhiked home and started thinking about college[11] His next work was in retail, as a salesclerk in a department store men's underwear section, which he described as "humiliating". After deciding to quit, he stayed when offered a raise. He was given another raise after asking to be transferred to toys and then to appliances. A confrontation with a company spy posing as a customer convinced him to leave the store.[11] By this time, Grisham was halfway through college. Planning to become a tax lawyer, he was soon overcome by "the complexity and lunacy" of it. He decided to return to his hometown as a trial lawyer.[11] John Grisham 84

Law and politics Grisham practiced law for about a decade and also won election as a Democrat in the Mississippi state legislature from 1983 to 1990 at an annual salary of $8,000.[3] [12] By his second term at the Mississippi state legislature, he was not only the vice-chairman of the Apportionment and Elections Committee but also a member of several other committees.[2] Grisham's writing career blossomed with the success of his second book, The Firm, and he gave up practicing law, except for returning briefly in 1996 to fight for the family of a railroad worker who was killed on the job.[2] His official site states that "He was honoring a commitment made before he had retired from the law to become a full-time writer. Grisham successfully argued his clients' case, earning them a jury award of $683,500 - the biggest verdict of his career."[8]

Writing career

Each year after being elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives, Grisham would spend from January to March in the state capitol dreaming of a big case.[11] Grisham said the big case came in 1984, but it was not his case. As he was hanging around the court, he overheard a 12-year-old girl telling the jury what had happened to her. Her story intrigued Grisham and he began watching the trial. He saw how the members of the jury cried as she told them about having been raped and beaten. It was then, Grisham later wrote in The New York Times, that a story was born.[11] This house in Lepanto, Arkansas was the house Musing over "what would have happened if the girl's father had used in the Hallmark Hall of Fame movie A [8] murdered her assailants", Grisham took three years to complete his Painted House first book, A Time to Kill.

Finding a publisher was not easy. The book was rejected by 28 publishers before Wynwood Press, an unknown publisher, agreed to give it a modest 5,000-copy printing. It was published in June 1989.[2] [3] The day after Grisham completed A Time to Kill, he began work on his second novel, the story of an ambitious young attorney "lured to an apparently perfect law firm that was not what it appeared." [8] The Firm remained on the The New York Times' bestseller list for 47 weeks,[2] and became the bestselling novel of 1991.[13] Beginning with A Painted House in 2001, the author broadened his focus from law to the more general rural South, but continued to write legal thrillers. Most of the titles to Grisham's legal thrillers begin with the word "The."

Named in libel suit On September 28, 2007, former Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, District Attorney Bill Peterson, former Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation agent Gary Rogers, and criminalist Melvin Hett filed a civil suit for libel against Grisham and two other authors. They claimed that Grisham and the others critical of Peterson and his prosecution of murder cases conspired to commit libel and generate publicity for themselves by portraying the plaintiffs in a false light and intentionally inflicting emotional distress.[14] Grisham was named due to his publication of the non-fiction book, The Innocent Man. He examined the faults in the investigation and trial of defendants in the murder of a cocktail waitress in Ada, Oklahoma, and the exoneration by DNA evidence more than 12 years later of wrongfully convicted defendants Ron Williamson and Dennis Fritz.[15] The judge dismissed the libel case on September 18, 2008, saying, "The wrongful convictions of Ron Williamson and Dennis Fritz must be discussed openly and with great vigor."[14] John Grisham 85

John Grisham Room The Mississippi State University Libraries, Manuscript Division, maintains the John Grisham Room [16], an archive containing materials generated during the author's tenure as Mississippi State Representative and relating to his writings.[17] Grisham's lifelong passion for baseball is expressed in his novel A Painted House and in his support of Little League activities in both Oxford, Mississippi, and Charlottesville, Virginia. He wrote the original screenplay for and produced the baseball movie Mickey, starring Harry Connick, Jr.. The movie was released on DVD in April 2004.[18] He remains a fan of Mississippi State University's baseball team and wrote about his ties to the university and the Left Field Lounge [19] in the introduction [20] for the book Dudy Noble Field: A Celebration of MSU Baseball. Grisham is well known within the literary community for his efforts to support the continuing literary tradition of his native South. He has endowed scholarships and writers' residencies in the University of Mississippi's English Department and Graduate Creative Writing Program. He was the founding publisher of the Oxford American, a magazine devoted to literary writing. The magazine is famous for its annual music issue, copies of which include a compilation CD featuring contemporary and classic Southern musicians in genres ranging from blues and gospel to country western and alternative rock. In an October 2006 interview on the Charlie Rose Show, Grisham stated that he usually takes only six months to write a book and that his favorite author is John le Carré.

Works

Novels

• A Time to Kill (1989)[21] • The Firm (1991)[21] • The Pelican Brief (1992)[21] • The Client (1993)[21] • The Chamber (1994)[21] [21] • The Rainmaker (1995) Complete collection of 25 John Grisham books, including the latest, The Confession

• The Runaway Jury (1996)[21] • The Partner (1997)[21] • The Street Lawyer (1998)[21] • The Testament (1999)[21] • The Brethren (2000)[21] • A Painted House† (2001)[21] • Skipping Christmas† (2001)[21] • The Summons (2002)[21] • The King of Torts (2003)[21] • Bleachers (2003) [22] • The Last Juror (2004)[21] • The Broker (2005)[21] • Playing for Pizza† (2007)[23] • The Appeal (2008)[21] • The Associate (2009)[21] • Theodore Boone: Kid Lawyer (2010)[24] John Grisham 86

• The Confession (2010)[24] † Denotes books not in the legal genre.

Short Stories • Ford County (2009)[24]

Non Fiction The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town (2006)

Film adaptations • The Firm (1993)[25] • The Pelican Brief (1993)[25] • The Client (1994)[25] • A Time to Kill (1996)[25] • The Chamber (1996)[25] • The Rainmaker (1997)[25] • The Gingerbread Man (1998) • A Painted House (2003) TV movie • Runaway Jury (2003)[25] • Christmas with the Kranks (2004)[25]

Television adaptations • The Client (1995–1996) 1 season, 20 episodes • The Street Lawyer (2003) TV pilot

References

[1] http:/ / www. jgrisham. com

[2] John Grisham's Biography (http:/ / www. achievement. org/ autodoc/ page/ gri0bio-1)

[3] The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture (http:/ / encyclopediaofarkansas. net/ encyclopedia/ entry-detail. aspx?entryID=1089)

[4] "Author John Grisham has no shortage of book ideas" (http:/ / showbizandstyle. inquirer. net/ breakingnews/ breakingnews/ view/

20080901-157978/ Author-John-Grisham-has-no-shortage-of-book-ideas). The Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2008-09-01. . Retrieved 2008-09-01.

[5] John Grisham Wins (http:/ / www. writerswrite. com/ blog/ 329071)

[6] John Grisham by Mark Flanagan (http:/ / contemporarylit. about. com/ cs/ authors/ p/ grisham. htm)

[7] Top Five John Grisham Books (http:/ / bestsellers. about. com/ od/ readingrecommendations/ tp/ grisham_picks. htm)

[8] John Grisham's Biography (http:/ / www. jgrisham. com/ bio/ )

[9] Gibson, Dale (2008-07-07). "John Grisham and wife buy home in Chapel Hill" (http:/ / triangle. bizjournals. com/ triangle/ stories/ 2008/ 07/

07/ tidbits1. html). Triangle Business Journal. . Retrieved 2009-09-16.

[10] Norton, Jr, Will (October 3, 1994), Conversations: Why John Grisham Teaches Sunday School (http:/ / www. christianitytoday. com/ ct/

1994/ october3/ 4tb014. html), Christianity Today,

[11] "Boxers, Briefs and Books" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2010/ 09/ 06/ opinion/ 06Grisham. html/ ), New York Times, 6 September 2010

[12] Biography of John Grisham by Erin Collazo Miller (http:/ / bestsellers. about. com/ od/ authorprofilesaz/ p/ grisham_bio. htm)

[13] "Bestseller Books of the 1990s" (http:/ / bestsellers. about. com/ od/ readingrecommendations/ tp/ grisham_picks. htm). About.com. . Retrieved 2007-12-01.

[14] Sean Murphy, "Judge dismisses libel suit against John Grisham" (http:/ / www. huffingtonpost. com/ 2008/ 09/ 18/

judge-dismisses-libel-sui_n_127380. html), Huffington Post, 18 September 2008

[15] "Author named in civil complaint over book" (http:/ / www. newsok. com/ article/ 3136322). NewsOK.com. 2007-09-28. . Retrieved 2007-12-01.

[16] http:/ / library. msstate. edu/ grisham_room/ room/ room. htm

[17] "John Grisham Room now open in library" (http:/ / www. msstate. edu/ web/ media/ detail. php?id=515). Mississippi State University. . Retrieved 2007-12-01. John Grisham 87

[18] The movie, Mickey, on IMDB.com (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0277895/ )

[19] http:/ / www. leftfieldlounge. com/

[20] http:/ / www. leftfieldlounge. com/ JG. html

[21] A Complete List of John Grisham's Books by Year (http:/ / bestsellers. about. com/ od/ bookfilmlistsbyauthor/ a/ grisham_biblio. htm)

[22] Books Factory (http:/ / www. booksfactory. com/ writers/ grisham. htm)

[23] John Grisham Books (http:/ / www. jgrisham. com/ books/ )

[24] Fantastic Fiction (http:/ / www. fantasticfiction. co. uk/ g/ john-grisham/ )

[25] John Grisham Movies (http:/ / www. jgrisham. com/ movies/ )

External links

• Official website (http:/ / www. jgrisham. com)

• Official UK website (http:/ / www. johngrisham. co. uk)

• Fansite (http:/ / www. johngrishamonline. com)

• John Grisham (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0001300/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• InnerVIEWS with Ernie Manouse: John Grisham (http:/ / video. google. com/

videoplay?docid=-7475330856017077809& q=innerviews) (TV Interview)

• John Grisham Biography (http:/ / www. kepplerspeakers. com/ literature/ Grisham J-Bio. doc)

• Works by or about John Grisham (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-n88-231236) in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

• Donald E. Wilkes, Jr. "Kafka (and Grisham) in Oklahoma" (http:/ / www. law. uga. edu/ academics/ profiles/

dwilkes_more/ 56kafka. html), Flagpole Magazine, 7 February 2007, p. 9. Joyce Carol Oates 88 Joyce Carol Oates

Joyce Carol Oates

Oates in 2006.

Born 16 June 1938Lockport, New York

Occupation Novelist, short story writer, playwright, poet, literary critic, professor, editor

Nationality American

Period 1963-present

Notable award(s) 1967 O. Henry Award 1973 O. Henry Award 1970 National Book Award Pushcart Prize

Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938) is an American author. Oates published her first book in 1963 and has since published over fifty novels, as well as many volumes of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction. Her novel them (1969) won the National Book Award, and her novels (1992), What I Lived For (1994), and (2000) were nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. As of 2008, Oates is the Roger S. Berlind '52 Professor in the Humanities with the Program in Creative Writing at Princeton University, where she has taught since 1978.[1]

Biography

Early life and education Oates was born in Lockport, New York to Carolina Oates, a homemaker, and Frederic Oates, a tool and die designer.[2] She was raised Catholic, and is now an atheist.[3] Oates grew up in the working-class farming community of Millersport, New York,[4] and characterized hers as "a happy, close-knit and unextraordinary family for our time, place and economic status".[2] Her paternal grandmother, Blanche Woodside, lived with the family and was "very close" to Joyce.[4] After Blanche's death, Joyce learned that Blanche's father had killed himself and Blanche had subsequently concealed her Jewish heritage; Oates eventually drew on aspects of her grandmother's life in writing the 2007 novel The Gravedigger's Daughter.[4] A brother, Fred Junior, was born in 1943, and a sister, Lynn Ann, who is severely autistic, was born in 1956.[2] Joyce Carol Oates 89

At the beginning of her education, Oates attended the same one-room school her mother attended as a child.[2] She became interested in reading at an early age, and remembers Blanche's gift of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in as "the great treasure of my childhood, and the most profound literary influence of my life. This was love at first sight!"[5] In her early teens, she devoured the writing of William Faulkner, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Henry David Thoreau, Ernest Hemingway, Charlotte Brontë, and Emily Brontë, whose "influences remain very deep".[6] Oates began writing at the age of 14, when Blanche gave her a typewriter.[4] Oates later transferred to several bigger, suburban schools,[2] and graduated from Williamsville South High School in 1956, where she worked for her high school newspaper. She was the first in her family to complete high school.[2] Oates won a scholarship to attend Syracuse University, where she joined Phi Mu, a financially draining experience she later regretted.[7] Oates found Syracuse "a very exciting place academically and intellectually", and trained herself by "writing novel after novel and always throwing them out when I completed them."[8] It was not until this point that Oates began reading the work of D. H. Lawrence, Flannery O'Connor, Thomas Mann, and Franz Kafka, though, she noted, "these influences are still quite strong, pervasive."[6] At the age of nineteen, she won the "college short story" contest sponsored by Mademoiselle. Oates graduated Syracuse as valedictorian in 1960, and received her M.A. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1961.

Literary career Oates published her first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), when she was twenty-six years old. In 1966, she published "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?", a short story dedicated to Bob Dylan and written after listening to his song "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue."[9] The story is loosely based on the serial killer Charles Schmid, also known as "The Pied Piper of Tucson".[10] The story was frequently anthologized and was adapted into the 1985 film Smooth Talk, starring Laura Dern. In 2008, Oates said that of all her published work, she is most noted for "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?".[11] Another noted early short story, "In a Region of Ice" (1967), dramatizes the drift into protest against the world of education and sober, established society of his parents, depression and eventual murder-cum-suicide act of a young, gifted Jewish-American student. Like a number of other novels and short stories in her body of work, this was inspired by a real-life incident, and Oates had been acquainted with the model of her protagonist. She revisited this subject in the title story of her collection Last Days (1985). Oates's novel them (1969) received the National Book Award in 1970; it is set in Detroit during a time span from the 1930s to the 1960s, most of it in black ghetto neighborhoods, and deals openly with crime, drugs, and racial/class conflicts. Again, some of the key characters and events were based on real people whom Oates had known or heard of during her years in the city. Since then she has published an average of two books a year. Frequent topics in her work include rural poverty, sexual abuse, class tensions, desire for power, female childhood and adolescence, and occasionally the supernatural. Violence is a constant in her work, even leading Oates to have written an essay in response to the question, "Why Is Your Writing So Violent?" She is a fan of poet and novelist Sylvia Plath, describing Plath's sole novel The Bell Jar as a "near perfect work of art"; but though Oates has often been compared to Plath, she disavows Plath's romanticism about suicide and among her characters, she favors cunning, hardy survivors, both women and men. Oates' concern with violence and other traditionally masculine topics has won her the respect of such male authors as Norman Mailer. In the early 1980s, Oates began writing stories in the Gothic and horror genres; in her foray into these genres, Oates said she was "deeply influenced" by Kafka and felt "a writerly kinship" with James Joyce.[12] In 1996, Oates published , a novel following the disintegration of , which became a best-seller after being selected by Oprah's Book Club in 2001.[11] In the 1990s and early 2000s, Oates wrote several books, mostly mystery novels, under the pen names "Rosamond Smith" and "Lauren Kelly." For more than twenty-five years, Oates has been rumored to be a "favorite" to win the Nobel Prize in Literature by oddsmakers and critics.[13] Her papers, held at Syracuse University, include seventeen unpublished short stories and four unpublished or unfinished . Oates has said that most of her early unpublished work was "cheerfully Joyce Carol Oates 90

thrown away."[14] Oates' work has been characterized as "melodrama"[15] and, as an author, "very far from being a great writer."

Teaching career Oates taught in Beaumont, Texas, for a year before moving to Detroit in 1962, where she began teaching at the University of Detroit. Influenced by the Vietnam war, the 1967 Detroit race riots, and a job offer, in 1968 Oates moved with her husband to teaching positions at the University of Windsor, Canada.[2] In 1978, she moved to Princeton and began teaching at Princeton University. In 1995, Princeton undergraduate Jonathan Safran Foer took an introductory writing course with Oates,[16] who took an interest in Foer's writing, telling him that he had "that most important of writerly qualities, energy".[17] Foer later recalled that "she was the first person to ever make me think I should try to write in any sort of serious way. And my life really changed after that."[17] Oates served as the advisor to Foer's senior thesis, an early version of his novel Everything Is Illuminated, which was published to wide acclaim in 1999.[16]

Personal life While studying at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Oates met Raymond J. Smith, a fellow graduate student, whom she married in 1961.[4] Smith became a professor of 18th-century literature, and later an editor and publisher. Together the couple founded The Ontario Review, a literary magazine, in 1974, on which Oates served as associate editor.[18] In 1980, Oates and Smith founded Ontario Review Books, an independent publishing house. In 2004, Oates described the partnership as "a marriage of like minds—both my husband and I are so interested in literature and we read the same books; he'll be reading a book and then I'll read it—we trade and we talk about our reading at meal times[...]it's a very collaborative and imaginative marriage".[2] Smith died of complications from pneumonia on February 18, 2008.[18] In April 2008, Oates wrote to an interviewer, "Since my husband's unexpected death, I really have very little energy[...]My marriage—my love for my husband—seems to have come first in my life, rather than my writing. Set beside his death, the future of my writing scarcely interests me at the moment."[19] In early 2009 Oates became engaged to, and married, Professor Charles Gross of the Psychology Department and Institute at Princeton.[20] Oates is devoted to running, and has written that, "[i]deally, the runner who's a writer is running through the land- and cityscapes of her fiction, like a ghost in a real setting."[21] While running, Oates mentally envisions scenes in her novels and works out structural problems in already-written drafts; she formulated the germ of her novel (1987) while running, when she "glanced up and saw the of a railroad bridge", which reminded her of "a mythical upstate New York city in the right place".[21] In 1973, Oates began keeping a detailed journal documenting her personal and literary life; it eventually grew to "more than 4,000 single-spaced typewritten pages".[22] In 2008, Oates said she had "moved away from keeping a formal journal" and instead preserves copies of her e-mails.[19] Oates is a member of the Board of Trustees of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.

Prolificacy Oates writes in longhand,[23] working from "8 till 1 every day, then again for two or three hours in the evening."[13] Her subsequent prolificacy has become one of her best-known attributes; The New York Times wrote in 1989 that Oates's "name is synonymous with productivity",[24] and in 2004, The Guardian noted that "Nearly every review of an Oates book, it seems, begins with a list [of the number of books she has published]".[2] Some critics have frequently stated misgivings on the level of her output, claiming most of her work is forgetable[25] or claimed that it includes a level of violence, contrived situations and rough, unpolished oppression (family conflict, domestic violence, incest, class-related, sexual and gender prejudice) that supposedly wouldn't fully belong in high Joyce Carol Oates 91

literature.[26] In a journal entry written in the 1970s, Oates sarcastically addressed her critics, writing, "So many books! so many! Obviously JCO has a full career behind her, if one chooses to look at it that way; many more titles and she might as well... what?...give up all hopes for a 'reputation'?[...]but I work hard, and long, and as the hours roll by I seem to create more than I anticipate; more, certainly, than the literary world allows for a 'serious' writer. Yet I have more stories to tell, and more novels[...]".[27] In The New York Review of Books in 2007, Michael Dirda suggested that disparaging criticism of Oates "derives from reviewer's angst: How does one judge a new book by Oates when one is not familiar with most of the backlist? Where does one start?"[13] Several publications have published lists of what they deem the best Joyce Carol Oates books, designed to help introduce readers to the author's daunting oeuvre. In a 2003 article titled "Joyce Carol Oates for dummies", The Rocky Mountain News recommended starting with her early short stories and the novels A Garden of Earthly Delights (1967), them (1969), Wonderland (1971), Black Water (1992), and Blonde (2000).[28] In 2006, listed them, On Boxing (1987), Black Water, and High Lonesome: New & Selected Stories, 1966-2006 (2006) as "The Pick of Joyce Carol Oates".[29] In 2007, Entertainment Weekly listed their Oates "favorites" as Wonderland, Black Water, Blonde, I'll Take You There (2002), and (2004).[30] In 2003, Oates herself said that she thinks she will be remembered for, and would most want a first-time Oates reader to read, them and Blonde, though she added that "I could as easily have chosen a number of titles."[31]

Select awards and honors Winner: • 1968: M. L. Rosenthal Award, National Institute of Arts and Letters - A Garden of Earthly Delights • 1970: National Book Award - them • 1973: O. Henry Award - "The Dead" • 1990: Rea Award for the Short Story • 1996: for Novel - • 1996: PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in the Art of the Short Story • 2002: Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award[32] • 2003: Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement • 2005: Prix Femina Etranger - The Falls • 2006: Chicago Tribune Literary Prize[33] Nominated: • 1968: National Book Award - A Garden of Earthly Delights [34] • 1969: National Book Award - Expensive People [35] • 1972: National Book Award - Wonderland [36] • 1990: National Book Award - Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart [37] • 1992: National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction - Black Water[38] • 1993: Pulitzer Prize - Black Water[39] • 1995: PEN/Faulkner Award - What I Lived For[40] Joyce Carol Oates 92

Bibliography

Novels • With Shuddering Fall (1964) • A Garden of Earthly Delights (1967) • Expensive People (1968) • them (1969) • Wonderland (1971) • Do with Me What You Will (1973) • The Assassins: A Book of Hours (1975) • Childwold (1976) • Son of the Morning (1978) • Cybele (1979) • Unholy Loves (1979) • (1980) • Angel of Light (1981) • A Bloodsmoor Romance (1982) • Mysteries of Winterthurn (1984) • Solstice (1985) • Marya: A Life (1986) • You Must Remember This (1987) • American Appetites (1989) • Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart (1990) • Foxfire: Confessions of a Girl Gang (1993) (the basis for the 1996 film Foxfire) • What I Lived For (1994) • Zombie (1995) • We Were the Mulvaneys (1996) • (1997) • My Heart Laid Bare (1998) • Broke Heart Blues (1999) • Blonde (2000) • Middle Age: A Romance (2001) • I'll Take You There (2002) • The Tattooed Girl (2003) • The Falls (2004) • Missing Mom (2005) • Black Girl / White Girl (2006) • The Gravedigger's Daughter (2007) • My Sister, My Love (2008) • (2009) • A Fair Maiden (2010) • The Crosswicks Horror (Forthcoming) Joyce Carol Oates 93

Short story collections • (1963) • Upon the Sweeping Flood And Other Stories (1966) • The Wheel of Love and Other Stories (1970) • "How I Contemplated the World from the Detroit House of Correction" • "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" • Marriages and Infidelities (1972) • The Goddess and Other Women (1974) • The Hungry Ghosts: Seven Allusive Comedies (1974) • Demon and other tales (1996) • Will You Always Love Me? And Other Stories (1996) • The Collector of Hearts: New Tales of the Grotesque (1998) • Faithless: Tales of Transgression (2001) • I Am No One You Know: Stories (2004) • The Female of the Species: Tales of Mystery and Suspense (2006) • High Lonesome: New & Selected Stories, 1966-2006 (2006) • The Museum of Dr. Moses: Tales of Mystery and Suspense (2007) • "The Temple" (1996) • Wild Nights! (2008) • Life After High School • Dear Husband (2009) • Sourland: Stories (2010) • Give Me Your Heart: Tales of Mystery and Suspense (2011)

Novels as "Rosamond Smith" • Lives of the Twins (1987) (U.K. title: Kindred Passions) • Soul/Mate (1989) • (1990) • Snake Eyes (1992) • You Can't Catch Me (1995) • Double Delight (1997) • Starr Bright Will Be With you Soon (1999) • The Barrens (2001)

Novels as "Lauren Kelly" • Take Me, Take Me With You (2003) • The Stolen Heart (2005) • Blood Mask (2006)

Novellas • The Triumph of the Spider Monkey (1976) • I Lock My Door Upon Myself (1990) • The Rise of Life on Earth (1991) • Black Water (1992) • First Love: A Gothic Tale (1996) • Beasts (2002) Joyce Carol Oates 94

• : A Love Story (2003) • The Corn Maiden: A Love Story (2005)

Drama • Miracle Play (1974) • Three Plays (1980) • In Darkest America (1991) • I Stand Before You Naked (1991) • Twelve Plays (1991) (including Black) • The Perfectionist and Other Plays (1995) • New Plays (1998) • Dr. Magic: Six One Act Plays (2004)

Essays and criticism • The Edge of Impossibility: Tragic Forms in Literature (1972) • The Hostile Sun: The Poetry of D.H. Lawrence (1974) • New Heaven, New Earth: The Visionary Experience in Literature (1974) • The Picture of Dorian Gray: Wilde’s Parable of the Fall (1980) • Contraries: Essays (1981) • The Profane Art: Essays & Reviews (1983) • On Boxing (1987) • (Woman) Writer: Occasions and Opportunities (1988) • George Bellows: American Artist (1995) • They Just Went Away 1995 • Where I've Been, And Where I'm Going: Essays, Reviews, and Prose (1999) • The Faith of A Writer: Life, Craft, Art (2003) • Uncensored: Views & (Re)views (2005) • In Rough Country (2010)

Poetry • Women In Love and Other Poems (1968) • Anonymous Sins & Other Poems (1969) • Love and Its Derangements (1970) • Angel Fire (1973) • The Fabulous Beasts (1975) • Women Whose Lives Are Food, Men Whose Lives Are Money (1978) • Invisible Woman: New and Selected Poems, 1970-1982 (1982) • The Time Traveler (1989) • Tenderness (1996) • The Coming Storm (Forthcoming) Joyce Carol Oates 95

Young adult fiction • Big Mouth & Ugly Girl (2002) • Small Avalanches and Other Stories (2003) • (2003) • (2005) • After the Wreck, I Picked Myself Up, Spread My Wings, and Flew Away (2006)

Children's fiction • Come Meet Muffin! (1998) • Where Is Little Reynard? (2003) • Naughty Chérie! (2008)

References

[1] The Program in Creative Writing, Princeton University (http:/ / www. princeton. edu/ ~visarts/ cwr/ faculty/ jcoates. html)

[2] Edemariam, Aida. "The new Monroe doctrine" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2004/ sep/ 04/ featuresreviews. guardianreview14), The Guardian, 2004-09-04. Retrieved on 2008-10-29.

[3] Oates, Joyce Carol. "Humanism and Its Discontents" (http:/ / www. thehumanist. org/ humanist/ JoyceCarolOates. html), The Humanist, November–December 2007.

[4] Reese, Jennifer. "Joyce Carol Oates gets personal" (http:/ / www. ew. com/ ew/ article/ 0,,20044839,00. html), Entertainment Weekly, 2007-07-13. [5] Oates (2003.) The Faith of a Writer. p. 14. [6] Milazzo, Lee, ed. Conversations with Joyce Carol Oates. University Press of Mississippi, 1989. 143.

[7] Oates, Joyce Carol. "Lowest Ebb: Bound" (http:/ / www. newyorker. com/ archive/ 2002/ 04/ 22/ 020422fa_FACT4), The New Yorker, 2002-04-22. Retrieved on 2008-10-30.

[8] Phillips, Robert. "The Art of Fiction No. 72: Joyce Carol Oates" (http:/ / www. theparisreview. org/ media/ 3441_OATES. pdf) (interview), The Paris Review 74, Fall-Winter 1978.

[9] "Dedication Of Joyce Carol Oates Short Story To Dylan" (http:/ / www. edlis. org/ twice/ threads/ joyce_carol_oates_dedication. html). .

[10] "Charles Schmid, The Pied Piper of Tucson" (http:/ / www. crimelibrary. com/ serial_killers/ predators/ schmid/ oates_9. html). CourtTV Crime Library. .

[11] Truman, Cheryl. "Author Joyce Carol Oates is always at her finest" (http:/ / www. kentucky. com/ 692/ story/ 515390. html) (reprint), Lexington Herald-Leader, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-10-29.

[12] HorrorOnline Author Focus: Joyce Carol Oates 1999 (http:/ / www. darkecho. com/ darkecho/ horroronline/ oates. html)

[13] Dirda, Michael. " "The Wand of the Enchanter" (http:/ / www. nybooks. com/ articles/ 20900), The New York Review of Books 54.20, 2007-12-20. Retrieved on 2008-10-29.

[14] "The Madness of Scholarship" (http:/ / jco. usfca. edu/ madness. html). Kennesaw: The Magazine of Kennesaw State College. 1993. .

[15] Featured Author: Joyce Carol Oates With Reviews and Articles From the Archives of The New York Times. http:/ / www. nytimes. com/

books/ 98/ 07/ 05/ specials/ oates. html

[16] Nash, Margo. "Learning to Write From the Masters" (http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ gst/ fullpage. html?res=9903E0DC1438F932A35751C1A9649C8B63), The New York Times, 2002-12-01. Retrieved on 2008-10-29.

[17] Birnbaum, Robert. "Jonathan Safran Foer: Author of Everything is Illuminated talks with Robert Birnbaum" (http:/ / www. identitytheory.

com/ interviews/ birnbaum108. php), IdentityTheory.com, 2006-05-26. Retrieved on 2008-10-29.

[18] "Raymond Smith, 77, Founder and Editor of Literary Journal" (http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ gst/ fullpage.

html?res=9F00EFDA1F3CF934A15751C0A96E9C8B63& scp=2& sq="raymond j. smith"& st=cse), The New York Times, 2008-02-27. Retrieved on 2008-10-29. [19] Smalldon, Jeffrey. In the December 13, 2010 issue of New Yorker magazine Oates published "A Widow's Story" describing, in touching detail, her last days with, and the death of Smith.

"End of story?: Joyce Carol Oates takes stock as she approaches 70" (http:/ / www. columbusdispatch. com/ live/

content/ arts/ stories/ 2008/ 04/ 06/ oates_long. html?print=yes& sid=101), The Columbus Dispatch, 2008-04-06. Retrieved on 2008-10-30.

[20] http:/ / crossingtheborder. wordpress. com/ 2009/ 05/ 04/ married/

[21] Oates, Joyce Carol. "Writers on Writing: To Invigorate Literary Mind, Start Moving Literary Feet" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ library/

books/ 071999oates-writing. html), The New York Times, 1999-07-18. Retrieved on 2008-10-30. Joyce Carol Oates 96

[22] Campbell, James. "The Oates Diaries" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 10/ 07/ books/ review/ Campbell-t. html?scp=5& sq="joyce carol

oates" "journals"& st=cse), The New York Times, 2007-10-07. Retrieved on 2008-10-30.

[23] Birnbaum, Robert. "Personalities: Birnbaum v. Joyce Carol Oates" (http:/ / www. themorningnews. org/ archives/ personalities/

birnbaum_v_joyce_carol_oates. php), The Morning News, 2005-02-03. Retrieved on 2008-10-30.

[24] "The more they write, the more they write" (http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ gst/ fullpage.

html?res=950DE4D71638F933A05754C0A96F948260& sec=& spon=& & scp=5& sq=joyce carol oates prolific& st=cse), The New York Times, 1989-07-30. Retrieved on 2008-10-29.

[25] The Sunday Telegraph London. August 12, 2007. Jane Shilling. (http:/ / www. highbeam. com/ doc/ 1P2-8963758. html)

[26] Criticism for Joyce Carol Oates.October 10, 2006. (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2006/ 10/ 10/ books/ 11oates. html?_r=1& oref=slogin) [27] Johnson, Greg, ed. The Journal of Joyce Carol Oates: 1973-1982. New York: Ecco, 2007. 331.

[28] Davis, Duane. "Joyce Carol Oates for dummies" (http:/ / www. rockymountainnews. com/ news/ 2003/ jun/ 13/

joyce-carol-oates-for-dummies/ ), "Where to start" (http:/ / www. rockymountainnews. com/ news/ 2003/ jun/ 13/ where-to-start/ ), "Onto the

novels" (http:/ / www. rockymountainnews. com/ news/ 2003/ jun/ 13/ onto-the-novels/ ) (series of articles), The Rocky Mountain News, 2003-06-13. Retrieved on 2008-10-29.

[29] Freeman, John. "Joyce Carol Oates, up close and personal" (http:/ / entertainment. timesonline. co. uk/ tol/ arts_and_entertainment/ books/

fiction/ article2234532. ece), The Times, 2007-08-11. Retrieved on 2008-10-28.

[30] "Book News: Daily Oates Consumption" (http:/ / www. ew. com/ ew/ article/ 0,,20044983,00. html), Entertainment Weekly, 2007-07-06. Retrieved on 2008-10-29.

[31] "Off the Page: Joyce Carol Oates" (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ articles/ A42763-2003Oct17. html), The Washington Post, 2003-10-24. Retrieved on 2008-10-29. [32] "People and Publishing: Awards," Locus, January 2003, p.8.

[33] http:/ / www. chfestival. org/ fest2006/ index. cfm?fa=home. program& id=1236& sec=adult

[34] The National Book Foundation (http:/ / www. nationalbook. org/ nba1968. html)

[35] The National Book Foundation (http:/ / www. nationalbook. org/ nba1969. html)

[36] Joyce Carol Oates - Wonderland (http:/ / jco. usfca. edu/ works/ novels/ wonderland. html)

[37] The National Book Foundation (http:/ / www. nationalbook. org/ nba1990. html)

[38] The National Book Critics Circle (http:/ / www. bookcritics. org/ ?go=pastAwards)

[39] http:/ / jco. usfca. edu/ awards. html

[40] Folger Shakespeare Library (http:/ / www. penfaulkner. org/ affWinners01. htm)

External links Websites

• Celestial Timepiece: A Joyce Carol Oates Home Page (http:/ / jco. usfca. edu) - Joyce Carol Oates's official web site. Papers

• Papers of Joyce Carol Oates at Syracuse University (http:/ / library. syr. edu/ digital/ guides/ o/ oates_jc. htm) Biographies:

• Heath Anthology of American Literature Biography (http:/ / college. hmco. com/ english/ lauter/ heath/ 4e/

students/ author_pages/ contemporary/ oates_jo. html)

• Bartleby biography (http:/ / www. bartleby. com/ 65/ oa/ Oates-Jo. html) Interviews and Speeches:

• Joyce Carol Oates to graduates: we do love our students (http:/ / www. boston. com/ news/ local/ massachusetts/

articles/ 2006/ 05/ 28/ joyce_carol_oates_to_graduates_we_do_love_our_students?mode=PF)- Boston Globe

• PBS Interview (http:/ / www. . org/ kcet/ tavissmiley/ archive/ 200506/ 20050628. html)

• Interview with the Oxonian Review in June 2010 (http:/ / www. oxonianreview. org/ wp/

an-interview-with-joyce-carol-oates/ ) Miscellaneous:

• Works by or about Joyce Carol Oates (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-n78-95538) in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Julia Alvarez 97 Julia Alvarez

Julia Alvarez Born March 27, 1950New York, USA

Nationality Dominican-American

Alma mater Connecticut College, Syracuse University, Middlebury College

Spouse(s) Bill Eichner

[1]

Julia Alvarez (born March 27, 1950) is a Dominican-American poet, novelist, and essayist. Born in New York of Dominican descent, she spent the first ten years of her childhood in the Dominican Republic, until her father's involvement in a political rebellion forced her family to flee the country. Alvarez rose to prominence with the novels How the García Girls Lost Their Accents (1991), In the Time of the Butterflies (1994), and Yo! (1997). Her publications as a poet include The Housekeeping Book (1984) and The Woman I Kept to Myself (2004), and as an essayist the autobiographical compilation Something to Declare (1998). Many literary critics regard her to be one of the most significant Latina writers, and she has achieved critical and commercial success on an international scale. Many of Alvarez's works are influenced by her experiences as a Dominican in the United States, and focus heavily on issues of assimilation and identity. Her cultural upbringing as both a Dominican and an American is evident in the combination of personal and political tone in her writing. She is known for works that examine cultural expectations of women both in the Dominican Republic and the United States, and for rigorous investigations of cultural stereotypes. In recent years, Alvarez has expanded her subject matter with works such as In the Name of Salomé (2000), a novel with Cuban rather than solely Dominican characters and fictionalized versions of historical figures. In addition to her successful writing career, Alvarez is the current writer-in-residence at Middlebury College.

Biography

Early life and education Julia Alvarez was born in 1950 in New York City. When she was three months old, her family moved to the Dominican Republic, where they lived for the next ten years.[2] She grew up with her extended family in sufficient comfort to enjoy the services of maids.[3] Critic Silvio Sirias believes that Dominicans value a talent for story-telling; Alvarez developed this talent early and was "often called upon to entertain guests".[4] In 1960, the family was forced to flee to the United States after her father participated in a failed plot to overthrow the island's military dictator, Rafael Trujillo.[5] -, circumstances which would later be revisited in her writing: her novel How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, for example, portrays a family that is forced to leave the Dominican Republic in similar circumstances;[6] and in her poem, "Exile", she describes "the night we fled the country" and calls the experience a "loss much larger than I understood".[7] Alvarez's transition from the Dominican Republic to the United States was difficult; Sirias comments that she "lost almost everything: a homeland, a language, family connections, a way of understanding, and a warmth".[8] She experienced alienation, homesickness, and prejudice in her new surroundings.[7] In How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents, Alvarez asserts that trying to raise " [in the Dominican Republic]... would be like trying for cathedral ceilings in a tunnel".[9] Julia Alvarez 98

As one of the few Latin American students in her Catholic school, Alvarez faced discrimination because of her heritage and was often called a "spic" by her classmates. This caused her to turn inward and led to her fascination with literature, which she called "a portable homeland".[8] She was encouraged by many of her teachers to pursue writing, and from a young age, was certain that this was what she wanted to do with her life.[7] At the age of 13, her parents sent her to a boarding school after her neighborhood was deemed unsafe. As a result, her relationship with her parents suffered, and was further strained when every summer she returned to the Dominican Republic to "reinforce their identities not only as Dominicans but also as proper young ladies".[10] These intermittent exchanges between countries informed her cultural understanding, the basis of many of her works.[11] After graduating from Abbot Academy in 1967, she continued her studies at Connecticut College from 1967 to 1969 (where she won the Benjamin T. Marshall Poetry Prize), the Bread Loaf School of English at Middlebury College (1971), and Syracuse University (1975).[11]

Career After acquiring a Master's degree in 1975, Alvarez took a position as a writer-in-residence for the Kentucky Arts Commission. She traveled throughout the state visiting elementary schools, high schools, colleges and communities, conducting writing workshops and giving readings. She attributes these years with providing her a deeper understanding of America and helping her realize her passion for teaching. After her work in Kentucky, she extended her educational endeavors to California, Delaware, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Washington, D.C., and Illinois.[12] In addition to writing, Alvarez holds the position of writer-in-residence at Middlebury College, where she teaches creative writing on a part-time basis.[12] Alvarez currently resides in the Champlain Valley in Vermont. She has served as a judge, panelist, consultant, and editor, and also gives readings and lectures across the country.[13] She and her partner, Bill Eichner, an ophthalmologist, created Alta Gracia, a farm-literacy center dedicated to the promotion of environmental stability and literacy and education worldwide.[14] [15] Alvarez and her husband purchased the farm in 1996 with the intent to promote cooperative and independent coffee-farming in the Dominican Republic.[16]

Literary work Alvarez is regarded as one of the most critically and commercially successful Latina writers of her time.[17] Her published works include five novels, a book of essays, four collections of poetry, four children's books, and two works of adolescent fiction.[18] Among her first published works were collections of poetry, The Housekeeping Book (1984) and Homecoming (1991). Poetry was Alvarez's first form of creative writing and she explains that her love for poetry has to do with the fact that "a poem is very intimate, heart-to-heart".[19] Her poetry celebrates nature and the detailed rituals of daily life, including domestic chores. Her poems portray stories of family life and are often told from the perspective of women. She questions patriarchal privilege and examines issues of exile, assimilation, identity, and the struggle of the lower class in an introspective manner. She found inspiration for her work from a small painting from 1894 by Pierre Bonnard called The Circus Rider.[20] Her poems, critic Elizabeth Coonrod Martínez suggests, give voice to the immigrant struggle.[21] How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, Alvarez's first novel, was published in 1991, and was soon widely acclaimed. It is the first major novel written in English by a Dominican author.[22] A largely personal novel, the book details themes of cultural hybridization and the struggles of a post-colonial Dominican Republic.[23] [24] Alvarez illuminates the integration of the Latina immigrant into the U.S. mainstream and shows that identity can be deeply affected by gender, ethnic, and class differences.[25] She uses her own experiences to illustrate deep cultural contrasts between the Caribbean and the United States.[26] So personal was the material in the novel, that for four months after it was published, her mother refused to speak with her; her sisters were also not pleased by their portrayal.[15] The book has sold over 250,000 copies, and was declared a notable selection by the American Library Association.[27] Julia Alvarez 99

Released in 1994, her second novel, In the Time of the Butterflies, has a historical premise and elaborates on the death of the Mirabal sisters during the time of the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic. In 1960 their bodies were found at the bottom of a cliff on the north coast of the island, and it is said they were a part of a revolutionary movement to overthrow the oppressive regime of the country at the time. These legendary figures are referred to as Las Mariposas, or The Butterflies.[28] This story portrays women as strong characters who have the power to alter the course of history, demonstrating Alvarez's affinity for strong female protagonists and anti-colonial movements.[29] As Alvarez explains, "I hope that through this fictionalized story I will bring acquaintance of these famous sisters to English speaking readers. November 25, the day of their murders is observed in many Latin American countries as the International Day Against Violence Toward Women. Obviously, these sisters, who fought one tyrant, have served as models for women fighting against injustices of all kinds."[28] In 1997, Alvarez published Yo!, a sequel to How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, which focuses solely on the character of Yolanda.[30] Drawing from her own experiences, Alvarez portrays the success of a writer who uses her family as the inspiration for her work.[30] Yo! could be considered Alvarez's musings on and criticism of her own literary success.[31] Alvarez's opinions on the hybridization of culture are often conveyed through the use of Spanish-English malapropisms, or Spanglish; such expressions are especially prominent in How the García Girls Lost Their Accents. Alvarez describes the language of the character of Laura as "a mishmash of mixed-up idioms and sayings".[32] In the Name of Salomé (2000) is a novel that weaves together the lives of two distinct women, illustrating how they devoted their lives to political causes. It takes place in several locations, including the Dominican Republic before a backdrop of political turbulence, Communist Cuba in the 1960s, and several university campuses across the United States, containing themes of empowerment and activism. As the protagonists of this novel are both women, Alvarez illustrates how these women, "came together in their mutual love of [their homeland] and in their faith in the ability of women to forge a conscience for Out Americas."[33] This book has been widely acclaimed for its careful historical research and captivating story, and was described by Publishers Weekly as "one of the most politically moving novels of the past half century."[33]

Influence on Latin American literature Alvarez is regarded as one of the most critically and commercially successful Latina writers of her time.[17] As Elizabeth Coonrod Martínez observes, Alvarez is part of a movement of Latina writers that also includes Sandra Cisneros and Cristina García, all of whom weave together themes of the experience of straddling the borders and cultures of Latin America and the United States.[34] Coonrod Martínez suggests that a subsequent generation of Dominican-American writers, such as Angie Cruz, Loida Maritza Pérez, Nelly Rosario, and Junot Díaz, have been inspired by Alvarez's success.[34] Alvarez admits "the bad part of being a 'Latina Writer' is that people want to make me into a spokesperson. There is no spokesperson! There are many realities, different shades and classes".[35] How the García Girls Lost Their Accents is the first novel by a Dominican-American woman to receive widespread acclaim and attention in the United States.[36] The book portrays ethnic identity as problematic on several levels. Alvarez challenges commonly held assumptions of multiculturalism as strictly positive. She views much of immigrant identity as greatly affected by ethnic, gendered, and class conflict.[36] According to critic Ellen McCracken, "Transgression and incestuous overtones may not be the usual fare of the mainstream's desirable multicultural commodity, but Alvarez's deployment of such narrative tactics foregrounds the centrality of the struggle against abuse of patriarchal power in this Dominican American's early contribution to the new Latina narrative of the 1990s."[37] Regarding the women's movement in writing, Alvarez explains, "definitely, still, there is a glass ceiling in terms of female novelists. If we have a female character, she might be engaging in something monumental but she's also changing the diapers and doing the cooking, still doing things which get it called a woman's novel. You know, a Julia Alvarez 100

man's novel is universal; a woman's novel is for women."[38] Alvarez claims that her aim is not simply to write for women, but to also deal with universal themes that illustrate a more general interconnectedness.[34] She explains, "What I try to do with my writing is to move out into those other selves, other worlds. To become more and more of us."[39] As an illustration of this point, Alvarez writes in English about issues in the Dominican Republic, using a combination of both English and Spanish.[39] Alvarez feels empowered by the notion of populations and cultures around the world mixing, and because of this identifies as a "Citizen of the World".[39]

Grants and honors Alvarez has received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Ingram Merrill Foundation. Some of her poetry manuscripts now have a permanent home in the New York Public Library, where her work was featured in an exhibit, "The Hand of the Poet: Original Manuscripts by 100 Masters, From John Donne to Julia Alvarez."[40] She received the Lamont Prize from the Academy of American Poets in 1974, first prize in narrative from the Third Woman Press Award in 1986, and an award from the General Electric Foundation in 1986.[41] How the García Girls Lost Their Accents was the winner of the 1991 PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award for works that present a multicultural viewpoint.[41] Yo! was selected as a notable book by the American Library Association in 1998. Before We Were Free won the Belpre Medal in 2004,[42] and Return to Sender won the Belpre Medal in 2010.[43] She also received the 2002 Hispanic Heritage Award in Literature.[44]

List of works • Homecoming (1984) (poetry) • How the García Girls Lost Their Accents (1991) (fiction) • In the Time of the Butterflies (1994) (fiction) • The Other Side (El Otro Lado) (1995) (poetry) • Homecoming: New and Selected Poems (1996) (poetry) a reissue of the 1984 volume, with new poems • Yo! (1997) (fiction) • Something to Declare (1998) (collected essays) • Seven Trees (1998) (poetry) • In the Name of Salomé (2000) (fiction) • The Secret Footprints (2001) (fiction) • How Tia Lola Came to visit Stay (2001) (fiction) • A Cafecito Story (2001) (fiction) • Before We Were Free (2002) (fiction) • The Woman I Kept to Myself (2004) (poetry) • Finding Miracles (2004) (fiction) • Gift of Gracias: The Legend of Altagracia (2004) (children's book) • Saving the World (2006) (fiction) • Once Upon a Quinceañera: Coming of Age in the USA (2007) (nonfiction) Julia Alvarez 101

Notes

[1] http:/ / www. juliaalvarez. com [2] Dalleo & Machado Saéz 2007, p. 135 [3] Alvarez 1998, p. 116 [4] Sirias 2001, p. 1 [5] Day 2003, p. 33 [6] Dalleo & Machado Saéz 2007, p. 4 [7] Day 2003, p. 40 [8] Sirias 2001, p. 2 [9] Alvarez 2005, p. 121 [10] Johnson 2005, p. 18 [11] Sirias 2001, p. 3 [12] Sirias 2001, p. 4 [13] Day 2003, p. 41

[14] "Café Alta Gracia - Organic Coffee from the Dominican Republic" (http:/ / www. cafealtagracia. com). Cafealtagracia.com. . Retrieved 2008-10-13. [15] Sirias 2001, p. 5 [16] Coonrod Martínez 2007, p. 9 [17] Dalleo & Machado Saéz 2007, p. 131 [18] Dalleo & Machado Saéz 2007, p. 133 [19] Kevane 2001, p. 23

[20] "Celebrating The Phillips Collection's 90th Birthday" (http:/ / www. npr. org/ 2011/ 01/ 04/ 132631223/ celebrating-the-phillips-collections-90th-birthday). NPR. 2010-01-04. . Retrieved 2010-01-04. [21] Coonrod Martínez 2007, p. 11 [22] Augenbraum & Olmos 2000, p. 114 [23] Dalleo & Machado Saéz 2007, p. 137 [24] Frey 2006 [25] McCracken 1999, p. 80 [26] McCracken 1999, p. 139 [27] Sirias 2001, p. 17 [28] Day 2003, p. 45 [29] Dalleo & Machado Saéz 2007, p. 144 [30] Dalleo & Machado Saéz 2007, p. 142 [31] Dalleo & Machado Saéz 2007, p. 143 [32] Kafka 2000, p. 96 [33] Day 2003, p. 44 [34] Coonrod Martínez 2007, p. 8 [35] Sirias 2001, p. 6 [36] McCracken 1999, p. 31 [37] McCracken 1999, p. 32 [38] Qtd. in Coonrod Martínez 2007, pp. 6, 8 [39] Kevane 2001, p. 32

[40] "Julia Alvarez" (http:/ / www. bookreporter. com/ authors/ au-alvarez-julia. asp), Bookreporter.com, The Book Report, , retrieved 2008-11-11

[41] Julia Alvarez Biography (http:/ / www. english. emory. edu/ Bahri/ Alvarez. html), Emory University, , retrieved 2008-12-04

[42] The Pura Belpré Award winners (http:/ / www. ala. org/ ala/ mgrps/ divs/ alsc/ awardsgrants/ bookmedia/ belpremedal/ belprepast/ index. cfm), American Library Association, , retrieved 2010-09-26

[43] 2010 Author Award Winner (http:/ / www. ala. org/ ala/ mgrps/ divs/ alsc/ awardsgrants/ bookmedia/ belpremedal/ index. cfm), American Library Association, , retrieved 2010-09-26

[44] "Hispanic Heritage Awards for Literature" (http:/ / www. hispanicheritage. org/ hispanic_search. php?name=& opt2=10& opt3=0& x=6& y=10). Hispanic Heritage Foundation. . Retrieved 11 January 2011. Julia Alvarez 102

References • Alvarez, Julia (1998), Something to Declare. • Alvarez, Julia (2005), How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, New York: Plume, ISBN 978-0452287075. • Augenbraum, Harold F; Olmos, Margarite, eds. (2000), U.S. Latino Literature: A Critical Guide for Students and Teachers, New York: Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0313311376.

• Coonrod Martínez, Elizabeth (March/April 2007), "Julia Alvarez: Progenitor of a Movement" (http:/ / search.

ebscohost. com/ login. aspx?direct=true& db=a9h& AN=24331262& site=ehost-live), Americas 59 (2): 6–13, retrieved 2008-11-15. • Dalleo, Raphael; Machado Sáez, Elena (2007), The Latino/a Canon and the Emergence of Post-Sixties Literature, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1403977960. • Day, Frances A. (2003), Latina and Latino Voices in Literature: Lives and Works (Updated and expanded ed.), New York: Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0313323942.

• Frey, Hillary (April 23, 2006), "To the Rescue. Review of Saving the World" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2006/

04/ 23/ books/ review/ 23frey. html), The New York Times, retrieved 2008-11-02. • Johnson, Kelli Lyon (2005), Julia Alvarez: Writing a New Place on the Map, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, ISBN 978-0826336514. • Kafka, Philippa (2000), "Saddling La Gringa": Gatekeeping in Literature by Contemporary Latina Writers, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0313311222. • Kevane, Bridget (2001), "Citizen of the World: An Interview with Julia Alvarez", in Kevane, Bridget A.; Heredia, Juanita, Latina Self-Portraits: Interviews with Contemporary Women Writers, Tucson, AZ: University of New Mexico Press, pp. 19–32, ISBN 978-0826319722. • Kevane, Bridget (2008), Profane and Sacred: Latino/a American Writers Reveal the Interplay of the Secular and the Religious, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0742543157. • McCracken, Ellen (1999), New Latina Narrative: The Feminine Space of Postmodern Ethnicity, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona, ISBN 978-0816519415. • Sirias, Silvio (2001), Julia Alvarez: A Critical Companion, Westport, CT: Greenwood, ISBN 978-0313309939.

External links

• Official website (http:/ / http:/ / www. juliaalvarez. com/ ) Juliet Marillier 103 Juliet Marillier

Juliet Marillier Born July 27, 1948Dunedin, New Zealand

Alma mater University of Otago

Genres Historical fantasy

Notable award(s) 2008

Juliet Marillier (born July 27, 1948) is a New Zealand-born writer of fantasy, especially historical fantasy. She currently lives in Western Australia. While Marillier writes mostly for adults, her recent books have included Cybele's Secret, a sequel to her novel for young adults . Cybele's Secret won a 2008 Sir Julius Vogel Award for Best Novel - Young Adult. Her latest release is "Seer of Sevenwaters", the second companion novel to the Sevenwaters trilogy.

Life and education Juliet Marillier was born July 27, 1948 in Dunedin, New Zealand and grew up surrounded by Celtic music and stories. Her own Celtic-Gaelic roots inspired her to write her first series, the Sevenwaters Trilogy. Marillier was educated at the University of Otago, where she majored in music and languages, graduating BA and a B Mus (Hons). She has said in interviews that this academic training strengthened her writing, and that her lifelong interest in history, folklore and mythology has had a major influence on her storytelling style. She lives in a hundred-year-old cottage in a riverside suburb of Perth. She shares her home with two dogs and a cat. She has four adult children and four grandchildren, all of whom live in Australia. She has been a fulltime writer since 2002, having previously worked at a variety of jobs including music teaching at both secondary and tertiary levels and in the Public Service. Marillier was diagnosed with breast cancer in early 2009. She has since completed a course of chemotherapy, and in August 2009 will start a six week course of Radiotherapy.

Writing style Several of Marillier's books are written in the first person. One of her strengths is her ability to use this point-of-view skillfully, allowing the reader to form a close bond with the main character. Her characters are well rounded and the reader becomes familiar with their strengths and weaknesses, which again encourages immersion in the characters' world. Marillier is also noted for writing sequels that can stand alone: readers of the earlier books in a series will recognise old friends while new readers will quickly feel at home with characters old and new. Marillier has said that it takes her about a year to finish a novel and that she is often researching one book while writing another and editing a third. She also says that she usually bases a story on two elements: what the main character learns about herself and her world that makes this adventure personally significant; and the bigger picture, showing this character’s role in something outside herself, such as saving a community or forging peace between two warring tribes. The first idea reinforces the second, making the writing both personal and realistic. Juliet Marillier's books have won many awards, such as the American Library Association’s Alex Award for and the for Best Fantasy Novel for , of Fortriu and Wildwood Dancing. Juliet Marillier 104

Bibliography The Sevenwaters Trilogy • Daughter of the Forest (1999) - based loosely on "The Six Swans" (a story that has many versions, including one by Hans Christian Andersen). The setting is ancient Ireland. A girl (Sorcha) must sew six shirts from a painful nettle plant in order to save her brothers from a witch's , remaining completely mute until the task is finished. Falling in love complicates her mission. • Son of the Shadows (2000) - sequel to Daughter of the Forest, told from the point of view of Sorcha's daughter, Liadan. Times are changing and the fragile peace will not last. Liadan, a healer, finds herself in the company of the notorious Painted Man, while her sister Niamh is given away in a strategic marriage. • Child of the Prophecy (2001) - finale of the trilogy. Written from the point of view of Niamh's daughter Fainne, sent by her wicked grandmother into the heart of her newly-found family with one purpose: to destroy the child of the prophecy. If Fainne does not obey, her father will die. • Heir to Sevenwaters (2008) - Written from the point of view of Sean and Aisling's daughter, Clodagh, this stand-alone addition to the series tells of a momentous journey to the Otherworld, whose relationship with the folk of Sevenwaters has broken down. • Seer of Sevenwaters (2010) - Sibeal of Sevenwaters, the teen fifth daughter of the Lord of Sevenwaters, has always known she wants to be a druid. In this romantic follow-up to 2008's Heir of Sevenwaters, Sibeal's uncle Ciaran, her mentor, orders her to spend a summer on the sheltered island of Inis Eala, away from her training, to determine whether the contemplative life is truly for her. At first, Sibeal thinks that Ciaran is punishing her. Then a sudden storm brings a shipwreck and several mysteries that challenge Sibeal's resolve and vocation. Why does the Norseman Knut seem to be holding something back from the islanders, and if Svala is Knut's wife, why is she so terrified of him? And who is the handsome, amnesiac man Sibeal has found washed up on shore? Saga of the Light Isles • (2002) – A young Viking , Eyvind, joins a voyage of discovery. In the Light Isles (Orkney) he encounters a Pictish priestess, Nessa, and experiences a clash of cultures and faiths. When his blood brother, Somerled, shows his true colours, Eyvind’s integrity is tested to the limit. • (2003) – sequel to Wolfskin. Thorvald sets out on a perilous quest to find the father he has never known. With his devoted friend Creidhe and fisherman Sam, he becomes embroiled in a mysterious conflict that will change him forever. The Bridei Chronicles • The Dark Mirror (2004) – Bridei is sent to the far north of Britain to be fostered by the king’s druid, Broichan. A grand destiny awaits the boy. The unexpected arrival of Tuala, a child of the Good Folk, disrupts Broichan’s plan. The first book in the Bridei Chronicles follows Bridei’s life up to the point where he faces election to kingship of the Priteni (Picts.) The series is loosely based on real history. • Blade of Fortriu (2005) – The second book in the Bridei Chronicles continues the story of Bridei, now King of Fortriu. Interwoven with this is the journey of Bridei’s enigmatic assassin and spy, Faolan, who must escort highborn Ana to the north for a strategic marriage. They reach the isolated fortress of Alpin of Briar Wood and discover all is not as it seems. Meanwhile, Bridei prepares his forces for war with the Gaels. • The Well Of Shades (2006) – The third book in the Bridei Chronicles follows Faolan’s journey home to Erin to face his personal demons and to gather information on influential Christian cleric, Colmcille (St Columba.) Faolan returns to Fortriu with a young woman and a child in tow. The apparent defection of a close ally and the disappearance of another plunges Bridei’s court into chaos. The real enemy, however, may be even closer to home. The Whistling Tor Series Juliet Marillier 105

• Heart's Blood (2009) – Caitrin is on the run from her abusive "great aunt" and her son, when she comes to Whistling Tor. She is hired out as a scribe for the Summer, and learns of the places many strange features, while falling in love with its deformed master, Anluan. Along the way she learns to face her past and brings hope to the people of Whistling Tor. Novels for Young Adults • Wildwood Dancing (2006) – Set in historical Transylvania and loosely based on the fairytale " Dancing Princesses", Wildwood Dancing centres on a family of sisters who have a secret bond with the mysterious Other Kingdom, where they go to dance at every Full Moon. When their father must go away for the winter, Jena and her sisters find themselves fighting for everything they hold dear – their home, their independence and the survival of the otherworld kingdom. • Cybele's Secret (2007) – A companion book to Wildwood Dancing, in which some of the same characters appear. Scholarly Paula accompanies her father on a merchant voyage to Istanbul and is drawn into a dangerous cat-and-mouse game over an ancient artifact. A quest lies before Paula, in which the stakes are high indeed. She finds herself on a desperate chase, accompanied by an unlikely pair of companions in adventure. The price of failure may be death, and the reward for success, true love. • Dates shown are for first Australian publication.

External links • Official site [1] • In-depth interview with Juliet Marillier [2] at Writer Unboxed, where Juliet also blogs. • Interview with Juliet Marillier [3] at Slow Glass Books shortly after Daughter of the Forest was published. • Interview with Juliet Marillier [4] at Pan MacMillian Australia after Foxmask was published (September 2003). • Book covers and reviews at FantasyLiterature.net [5] • Juliet Marillier [6] at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

References

[1] http:/ / www. julietmarillier. com/

[2] http:/ / writerunboxed. com/ 2006/ 10/ 20/ interview-juliet-marillier-part-1/

[3] http:/ / www. slowglass. com. au/ interviews/ j-marillier. html

[4] http:/ / www. panmacmillan. com. au/ resources/ AI-JulietMarillier2. pdf

[5] http:/ / www. fantasyliterature. net/ marillierjuliet. html

[6] http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Juliet_Marillier Kathy Reichs 106 Kathy Reichs

Kathleen Joan Toelle Reichs [1] [1] Born 1950 Chicago

Occupation Forensic Anthropologist Novelist [1] Professor

Nationality American

Genres Crime book years 1997-present

[1] Notable work(s) Break No Bones (2006)

[2]

Kathleen Joan Toelle "Kathy" Reichs (pronounced /ˈraɪks/;[3] born 1950 in Chicago) is an American crime writer, forensic anthropologist and academic.[1] She is a professor of anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, but is currently on indefinite leave.[4] She divides her work time between the Laboratoire des Sciences Judiciaires et de Médecine Légale for the province of Quebec and her professorship at UNC Charlotte. She is one of the eighty-two forensic anthropologists certified by the American Board of Forensic Anthropology[5] and is on the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Her schedule also involves a number of speaking engagements around the world. Reichs has been a producer for the TV series Bones.[1]

Academic career Reichs earned her Bachelors of Arts degree with a major in anthropology from American University in 1971. In 1972, she completed her Master of Arts in physical anthropology from Northwestern University, and in 1975 she completed her Ph.D. in physical anthropology from Northwestern University. Since then, Reichs has taught at Northern Illinois University, University of Pittsburgh, Concordia University, McGill University and is currently Professor of Anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. In the past, Kathy Reichs has consulted for the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in North Carolina.[6] Reichs has appeared in Rwanda to testify at the UN's Genocide Tribunal.[7] She has assisted Dr. Clyde Snow and the Foundation for Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology in an exhumation in the area of Lake Atitlan in the highlands of southwest Guatemala. She was a member of the Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team assigned to assist at the World Trade Center disaster.

Academic papers • Quantified comparison of frontal sinus patterns by means of computed tomography. Forensic Science International 1993 Oct;61(2-3):141-68. • Effect of age and osteoarthritis on bone mineral in rhesus monkey vertebrae. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1993 Aug;8(8):909-17. • Forensic anthropology in the 1990s. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 1992 Jun;13(2):146-53. • Treponematosis: a possible case from the late prehistoric of North Carolina. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1989 Jul;79(3):289-303. • Cranial suture eccentricities: a case in which precocious closure complicated determination of sex and commingling. Journal of Forensic Science 1989 Jan;34(1):263-73. Kathy Reichs 107

• Ontogenetic plasticity in nonhuman primates: I. Secular trends in the Cayo Santiago macaques. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1987 Jul;73(3):279-87.

Academic books • Forensic Osteology: Advances in the Identification of Human Remains (1986) • Hominid Origins: Inquiries Past and Present (Editor) (1983)

Novels In addition to technical books, Reichs has written thirteen novels to date, which have been translated into 30 languages.[8] Her first novel, Déjà Dead, won the 1997 Arthur Ellis Award for Best First Novel.[9] The fictional heroine in her novels, Temperance "Tempe" Brennan, is also a forensic anthropologist. Her lifestyle closely mimics that of her creator,[10] [11] with Reichs stating that Brennan and she "have the same CV"[10] and that "Some of Tempe's personality traits are also mine",[11] but there are differences in their personal lives such as the character's alcoholism.[10] A good portion of the novels are based on real life science, and Reichs has stated that she is "fastidiously conscientious about getting the science right".[12] She has used experience from her career in her novels, and said about Déjà Dead that "Everything I describe in the book, I actually did".[11] In the novel Grave Secrets she uses her experience from her visit to Guatemala.[12]

Title Published ISBNs Notes

Déjà Dead 1997 Paperback: ISBN Won the 1997 Arthur Ellis Award for 0-09-925518-9 Best First Novel

Death du Jour 1999 Paperback: ISBN 0-09-925519-7

Deadly Décisions 2000 Paperback: ISBN 0-09-930710-3 Hardback: ISBN 0-434-00820-6

Fatal Voyage 2001 Paperback: ISBN 0-09-930720-0 Audio CD: ISBN 1-85686-927-X

Grave Secrets 2002 Paperback: ISBN 0-09-930730-8 Audio CD: ISBN 1-85686-928-8

Bare Bones 2003 Paperback: ISBN 0-09-944147-0

Monday Mourning 2004 Paperback: ISBN 0-09-944148-9

Cross Bones 2005 Paperback: ISBN 0-09-944149-7 Hardback: ISBN 0-434-01040-5 Audio CD: ISBN 1-85686-985-7

Break No Bones 2006 Hardback: ISBN 0-434-01042-1 Paperback: ISBN 0-434-01544-X Kathy Reichs 108

Bones to Ashes 2007 Hardback: ISBN 978-0434014620 Paperback: ISBN 978-1416525653

Devil Bones 2008 Hardback: ISBN 978-0743294386 Paperback: ISBN 978-1-4391-5440-3 Audio CD: ISBN 978-1846571336

206 Bones 2009 Hardback: ISBN 978-0743294393 Paperback: ISBN 978-0-4340-2005-8

Spider Bones (released as Mortal Remains in the August, 24th Hardback: ISBN UK and Australia) 2010 978-1439102398

Virals November 2010 ISBN 978-0099543947

Television The 2005 Fox television series Bones is inspired by Reichs' life and writing.[13] The series borrows the name of the books' heroine, Temperance "Bones" Brennan.[14] As in the books, Brennan (Emily Deschanel) is a forensic anthropologist, however there are many differences: the television character is younger, more socially awkward,[14] and is based in Washington, D.C.[14] Additionally, the TV-Brennan moonlights as an author,[13] writing about a fictional forensic anthropologist named Kathy Reichs.[15] Aside from the character name and occupation, there are few tie-ins between the TV show and the books. Reichs works as a producer on the show to "keep the science honest"[14] and has appeared in the episode Judas on a Pole from the second season, in which she played Professor Constance Wright, a forensic anthropologist on the board conducting Zack Addy's Thesis Defense.[16] Additionally, she wrote the Season Five episode "The Witch in the Wardrobe".[17]

Notes [1] "Reichs, Kathy", Britannica Online (see below: References).

[2] http:/ / www. kathyreichs. com

[3] See inogolo:pronunciation of Kathy Reichs (http:/ / inogolo. com/ pronunciation/ d1325/ Kathy_Reichs): phonetic "Rikes".

[4] List of faculty at UNCC (http:/ / anthropology. uncc. edu/ emeritus-faculty. html)

[5] List of ABFA Diplomats (http:/ / www. csuchico. edu/ anth/ ABFA/ #Alphabet)

[6] As described on her website biography (http:/ / kathyreichs. com/ about-kathy/ )

[7] Smithsonian Magazine: Interview with Kathy Reichs (http:/ / www. smithsonianmagazine. com/ issues/ 2007/ august/ interview-reichs. php)

[8] Kathy Reichs book suppliers (http:/ / www. kathyreichs. com/ suppliers. htm). Personal website. Retrieved 1/11/09.

[9] Arthur Ellis Award - list of past winners (http:/ / crimewriterscanada. com/ cwc/ pages/ pastawards. html). Crime Writers of Canada website. Retrieved 1/11/09.

[10] "This much I know:Kathy Reichs, forensic anthropologist and writer, 60, London" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ lifeandstyle/ 2008/ oct/

26/ 1). Tom Templeton (The Guardian). 2008-10-26. .

[11] "Meet this season's best discovery: Kathy Reichs" (http:/ / www. bookpage. com/ 9709bp/ firstperson1. html). Bookpage. September 1997. . Retrieved 2008-11=16.

[12] "Kathy Reichs: The ice queen of crime" (http:/ / www. independent. co. uk/ arts-entertainment/ books/ features/

kathy-reichs-the-ice-queen-of-crime-408662. html). Peter Stanford (The Independent). 2006-07-21. .

[13] Bones Show Info (http:/ / www. fox. com/ bones/ showinfo/ )

[14] "Kathy Reichs: 20 Things You Need to Know" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080728010753/ http:/ / au. tv. yahoo. com/ b/ bones/ 549/

kathy-reichs-20-things-you-need-to-know). Yahoo!7. Yahoo! Pty Limited. Archived from the original (http:/ / au. tv. yahoo. com/ b/ bones/

549/ kathy-reichs-20-things-you-need-to-know) on 2008-07-28. . Retrieved 2008-11-16. Kathy Reichs 109

[15] "Bodies in the Book". Bones. 2007-10-14. No. 15, season 2.

[16] IMDB profile for Bones episode Judas on a Pole (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0915947/ )

[17] IMDB full credits for Bones episode "The Witch in the Wardrobe" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt1613910/ fullcredits)

References

• "Reichs, Kathy", Britannica Online Encyclopedia, 2009, webpage: EBc-KReichs (http:/ / www. britannica. com/

EBchecked/ topic/ 1377721/ Kathy-Reichs).

External links

• Official website (http:/ / http:/ / www. kathyreichs. com)

• Bones (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0460627/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Kathy Reichs (http:/ / twitter. com/ KathyReichs) on Twitter Kim Harrison 110 Kim Harrison

Dawn Cook [1] Born 1966

Pen name Kim Harrison

Occupation novelist

Nationality U.S.

Period 2002 to present

Genres Fantasy

[2]

Kim Harrison is a nom de plume of American author Dawn Cook. Under the name of Harrison, she is best known for her Rachel Morgan urban fantasy series set in an where a worldwide pandemic caused by genetically modified tomatoes led to the death of a large portion of the world's human population. Under the name of Dawn Cook, she is best known for her Decoy Princess and Truth series, published in the first few years of the 21st century. In 2008, Harrison was described by Harper Collins Voyager Publishing Director Jane Johnson as the best example of the urban fantasy sub-genre which she described as, "the supernatural erupting into the everyday—sexy, tongue-in-cheek, post-modern."[3]

Biography A self-proclaimed "former tomboy,"[4] Kim Harrison (born and raised in the Midwest) grew up the only girl in a family of boys. She discovered her talent for writing at the age of 15, when she began writing down the stories that filled her head to the point of near addiction.[5] Despite her love for the page, she took an unorthodox approach to writing, and claims to have avoided English courses beyond the basic requirements in high school and college.[6] At first, Harrison tried her hand at writing traditional science fiction, but began writing contemporary fantasy after deciding to focus more on character development. She spent the better part of a decade struggling as an aspiring author before meeting her current agent at a writing convention. He then introduced her to Diana Gill, who became Harrison's editor. Together, they produced Dead Witch Walking, and her first book was published in paperback by HarperTorch in 2004. Since then, she has written six more books in the Rachel Morgan, or The Hollows series (most with titles punning off Clint Eastwood movies) and contributed to multiple anthologies, with prequels to the Hollows books, and one with a young adult story. After the success of her first novel, Harrison was able to resign from her day job, devoting herself to writing full time. Her favorite author is Ray Bradbury. She references music as one of her strongest writing influences, providing song lists for several of her characters.[7] In her spare time, she communicates with fans via her self-maintained website. She currently lives in South Carolina.[8] Harrison is a member of the Romance Writers of America and Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. The first two Truth books were originally one book, which was split into two separate books for publishing.[9] That the two are the same, and that Cook was Harrison, was disclosed in a May 2009 Locus magazine article.[10] "I'm glad it's out in the open, because it is hard to maintain these two separate identities, and remind your friends or family when you go out, 'I'm Kim today, so don't call me Dawn.' The division has served its purpose. I'm still going to be Kim, but now if somebody calls me Dawn I won't have to say 'Shut your Kim Harrison 111

mouth!'"[10]

Bibliography as Kim Harrison

Rachel Morgan / The Hollows series

Novels • Dead Witch Walking (April 2004, ISBN 0-06-057296-5) • The Good, the Bad, and the Undead (January 2005, ISBN 0-06-057297-3) • Every Which Way But Dead (June 28, 2005, ISBN 0-06-057299-X) • A Fistful of Charms (June 27, 2006, ISBN 0-06-078819-4) • For a Few Demons More (March 20, 2007, ISBN 0-06-078838-0) • The Outlaw Demon Wails (February 26, 2008, ISBN 978-0060788704) • White Witch, Black Curse (February 24, 2009, ISBN 978-0061138010) • Black Magic Sanction (February 23, 2010, ISBN 0061138037) • Pale Demon (February 22, 2011, ISBN 0061138061)

Audio Books • Dead Witch Walking (July 2007, ISBN 9781400104710)—Tantor Media, Read By Marguerite Gavin • The Good, the Bad, and the Undead (November 2007, ISBN 9781400104727)—Tantor Media, Read By Marguerite Gavin • Every Which Way But Dead (January 2008, ISBN 9781400104734)—Tantor Media, Read By Marguerite Gavin • A Fistful of Charms (January 2008, ISBN 9781400104741)—Tantor Media, Read By Marguerite Gavin • For a Few Demons More (May 2007, ISBN 9781400104536)—Tantor Media, Read By Marguerite Gavin • The Outlaw Demon Wails (February 2008, ISBN 9780061452987)—HarperAudio, Read By Gigi Bermingham • White Witch, Black Curse (February 2009, ISBN 9780061714696)—HarperAudio, Read By Marguerite Gavin • Black Magic Sanction (February 2010, ISBN 9780061977473)—HarperAudio, Read By Marguerite Gavin

Omnibus editions • This Witch For Hire (February 2006, ISBN 0-7394-6380-2)—Science Fiction Book Club Omnibus Edition, includes Dead Witch Walking and The Good, the Bad, and the Undead • Dead Witches Tell No Tales (July 2006, ISBN 0739470833)—Science Fiction Book Club Omnibus Edition, includes Every Which Way But Dead and A Fistful of Charms

Novellas and short stories • Undead in the Garden of Good and Evil A novella prequel centered on the character Ivy Tamwood, in Dates from Hell (April 1, 2006, ISBN 0-06-085409-X)—anthology with Kelley Armstrong, Lynsay Sands, and Lori Handeland. • Two Ghosts for Sister Rachel A novella prequel centered on the character Rachel Morgan in Holidays Are Hell (October 30, 2007, ISBN 978-0-06-123909-0)—anthology with Lynsay Sands, Marjorie M. Liu, and Vicki Pettersson. • "Dirty Magic" A short story centered around the banshee Mia in the anthology Hotter Than Hell. (June 24, 2008, ISBN 978-0061161292)—anthology with Lilith Saintcrow, Tanya Huff and others • "The Bridges of Eden Park" A short story included in the paperback edition of For a Few Demons More. Kim Harrison 112

• "The Bespelled" A short story about Ceri and Algaliarept, included in the paperback edition of The Outlaw Demon Wails. • "Ley Line Drifter" A short story focused on Hallows characters Jenks and Bis working together to solve a case in Unbound (August 25, 2009, ISBN 0061699934)—anthology with Melissa Marr, Jeaniene Frost, Vicki Pettersson, and Jocelynn Drake.

Madison Avery series

Novels • Once Dead, Twice Shy (May 26, 2009, ISBN 978-0061718168) • Early to Death, Early to Rise (May 25, 2010, ISBN 978-0061718175)

Novellas and short stories • Madison Avery and the Dim Reaper featuring Madison Avery in Prom Nights From Hell. (April 1, 2007, ISBN 0-06-125309-X, ISBN 978-0061253096) a young adult anthology

Bibliography as Dawn Cook

Truth series • First Truth, May 28, 2002, , ISBN 044100945X • Hidden Truth, November 26, 2002, Ace Books, ISBN 0441010032 • Forgotten Truth, November 25, 2003, Ace Books, ISBN 0441011179 • Lost Truth, November 30, 2004, Ace Books, ISBN 0441012280

Decoy Princess series • The Decoy Princess, November 29, 2005, Ace Books, ISBN 0441013554 • Princess at Sea, July 25, 2006, Ace Books, ISBN 0441014240

References

[1] Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2009. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2009. http:/ / galenet.

galegroup. com. ezproxy. hclib. org/ servlet/ BioRC

[2] http:/ / www. kimharrison. net

[3] Michael J. Vaughn (March 18, 2008). "The Popular Fiction Report, March 18, 2008" (http:/ / www. writersdigest. com/ article/

The_Popular_Fiction_Report/ ). Writer's Digest. .

[4] "Kim's Bio" (http:/ / www. kimharrison. net/ Kim's Bio. htm). Kim Harrison's website. June 10, 2007. . Retrieved May 31, 2009.

[5] Farrell, Shaun (June 15, 2005). "Shaun Farrell interviews Kim Harrison" (http:/ / www. farsector. com/ quadrant/ interview-kimharrison. htm). Shaun's Quadrant. . Retrieved May 31, 2009.

[6] McCune, Alisa (March 2005). "A Conversation With Kim Harrison" (http:/ / www. sfsite. com/ 04a/ kh197. htm). SF Site. . Retrieved May 31, 2009.

[7] "The Music" (http:/ / www. kimharrison. net/ TTO. htm). Kim Harrison's website. May 31, 2009. . Retrieved May 31, 2009.

[8] "Kim Harrison" (http:/ / www. kimharrison. net/ Media Page. htm). Kim Harrison's website. May 19, 2009. . Retrieved May 31, 2009.

[9] Dark Star (July 19, 2008). "Dawn Cook Interview (english)" (http:/ / www. fantasy-news. com/ 2008/ 07/ 19/ dawn-cook-interview-english/ ). fantasy-news.com. . Retrieved August 4, 2008.

[10] "Kim Harrison: Secret Identity" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ Perspectives/ 2009/ 05/ kim-harrison-secret-identity. html). Locus. May 2009. . Retrieved May 31, 2009. Kim Harrison 113

External links

• Kim Harrison official page (http:/ / www. kimharrison. net)

• Kim Harrison at Harper Collins (http:/ / www. harpercollins. com/ authors/ 27004/ Kim_Harrison/ index. aspx)

• Kim Harrison (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Kim_Harrison) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Meg Cabot 114 Meg Cabot

Meg Cabot

Meg Cabot at a book signing

Born Meggin Patricia CabotFebruary 1, 1967Bloomington, Indiana, United States

Pen name Meggin Cabot Patricia Cabot Jenny Carroll

Occupation Writer

Nationality American

Period 1998–present

Genres Chick-lit, Mystery, Romance, Science fiction

Notable work(s) The Princess Diaries Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls The Mediator

[1] megcabot.com

Meg Cabot (born Meggin Patricia Cabot on February 1, 1967 in Bloomington, Indiana, United States[2] [3] ) is an American author of romantic and paranormal fiction for teens and adults and used to write under several pen names, but now writes exclusively under her real name, Meg Cabot. She has written and published over fifty books, and is best known for The Princess Diaries, later made by Walt Disney Pictures into two feature films of the same name. Meg's books have been the recipients of numerous awards, including the New York Public Library Books for the Teen Age, the American Library Association Quick Pick for Reluctant Readers, the Tennessee Volunteer State TASL Book Award, the Book Sense Pick, the Evergreen Young Adult Book Award, the IRA/CBC Young Adult Choice - as well as many others (see awards section for specific book wins).[4] [5] She has had numerous #1 New York Times bestsellers.Cabot has more than fifteen million copies of her books—children's, young adult, and adult—in print worldwide. Meg Cabot 115

Personal life After Meg graduated from Indiana University, Cabot moved to New York City, with the original aim of pursuing a career as an illustrator.[2] [3] in 1991. However, she soon quit this job and started working as an assistant manager of the freshman dormitory at New York University.[2] [3] Meg Cabot married financial writer and poet Benjamin D. Egnatz on April 1, 1993. Their wedding date[4] , April Fool’s Day, was a deliberate play on her husband's belief that only fools get married in the first place. The wedding was actually an elopement in Italy. Her novel Every Boy's Got One is loosely based on her own elopement. She has two cats, Henrietta (a one eyed cat) and Gem, about whom she often blogs. After living in Indiana, California, New York, and France, she now currently resides in Key West, Florida. She splits her time between an apartment in New York City and a barn in Bloomington, Indiana.[6]

Children's novels

Allie Finkle series • Allie Finkle’s Rules for Girls: Moving Day (March 2008) • Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls: The New Girl (August 2008) • Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls: Best Friends and Drama Queens (March 2009) • Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls: Stage Fright (September 2009) • Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls: Glitter Girls and the Great Fake Out (March 2010) • Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls: Blast From the Past (September 2010) The Allie Finkle series chronicles the challenges Allie Finkle faces when she moves away and becomes the new girl in school, as well as other difficulties associated with growing up. Allie confronts these issues by making rules to live by, which helps her find out who she really is.

Young adult novels

The Princess Diaries series

The Princess Diaries series is the most notable series written by Meg Cabot, and has been published in more than 40 countries.[7] The first book in the series was published in October 2000; the series spent 38 weeks on the New York Times Children's Series Best Sellers List and was sold to publishers in 37 foreign countries. In 2001 and 2004 respectively, the series was brought to the big screen by Walt Disney Pictures as The Princess Diaries and The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement starring Anne Hathaway and Julie Andrews. Note that in the UK and Australia the books are published under titles based on the volume number (e.g.: Mia Goes Fourth). • The Princess Diaries, Volume I / The Princess Diaries (October 2000) • Volume II: Princess in the Spotlight / The Princess Diaries: Take Two (June 2001) • Volume III: Princess in Love / The Princess Diaries: Third Time Lucky (March 2002) Princess Diaries 9, released December 26, 2007 Meg Cabot 116

• Volume IV: Princess in Waiting / The Princess Diaries: Mia Goes Fourth (April 2003) • Volume IV and 1/2: Project Princess (August 2003) • Volume V: Princess in Pink / The Princess Diaries: Give Me Five (March 2004) • Volume VI: Princess in Training / The Princess Diaries: Sixsational (March 2005) • Volume VI and 1/2: The Princess Present (October 2004) • Volume VII: Party Princess / The Princess Diaries: Seventh Heaven (March 2006) • Volume VII and 1/2: Sweet Sixteen Princess (May 2006) • Volume VII and 3/4: Valentine Princess (December 2006) • Volume VIII: Princess on the Brink / The Princess Diaries: After Eight (January 2007) • Volume IX: Princess Mia / The Princess Diaries: To The Nines (January 2008) • Volume X: Forever Princess / The Princess Diaries: Ten Out Of Ten (January 6, 2009) Illustrated by Chelsey McLaren: • Princess Lessons (March 2003) • Perfect Princess (March 2004) • Holiday Princess (November 2005) On January 6, 2009, a companion book to Volume X: Forever Princess entitled "Ransom My Heart" was published under the name Princess of Genovia, Mia Thermopolis by Avon Books, the adult division of HarperCollins, the Princess Diaries series publisher. All author proceeds from the novel, which was printed on 100% recycled paper, go to Greenpeace.

The Mediator series 1. Shadowland (October 2000) 2. Ninth Key (February 2001) 3. Reunion (July 2001) 4. Darkest Hour (December 2001) 5. Haunted (February 2003) 6. Twilight (January 2005) The Mediator Series is about a 16-year-old girl named Susannah "Suze" Simon. Suze is a mediator, whose role is to help ghosts finish their business on earth so they can pass on to the afterlife. To this end, she can see, touch, communicate with, hit, punch, and 'kick ghost butt' when she has to. The series begins just after Suze's widowed mother marries Andy Ackerman, when she has moved to Carmel, California, to live in an old house complete with three stepbrothers. To make matters worse, her bedroom is haunted by an attractive male ghost named Jesse de Silva, who died 150 years earlier. Suze remembers that back in New York a fortune teller had told her that she was a mediator (which proved correct) and that she would only fall in love once but it would last for an eternity. Her one love for eternity just might be Jesse. But does he love her back? The first four books were originally released under the pseudonym Jenny Carroll (this was when Cabot was working with different publishing houses). Haunted was the first title to have Meg Cabot's name on it. The first four books were later reprinted under Cabot's real name in 2005 with new cover art when Twilight was released in hardcover. The UK titles for the series were as follows: Shadowland- Love you to Death, Ninth Key- High Stakes, Reunion- Mean Spirits, Darkest Hour- Young Blood, Haunted- Grave Doubts, and Twilight- Heaven Sent.[8] The Mediator series rights have been sold to producer Julia Pistor, and will be made into a movie in the near future. In 2010, HarperTeen announced it will be reprinting the series in omnibus editions, to be published in 2011. Meg Cabot 117

1-800-WHERE-R-U series 1. When Lightning Strikes (February 2001) 2. Code Name Cassandra (August 2001) 3. Safe House (March 2002) 4. Sanctuary (September 2002) 5. Missing You (December 26, 2006) This series revolves around Jessica Mastriani, an ordinary 16-year-old girl given extraordinary psychic powers after being struck by lightning. Her powers allow her to know the exact location of missing children; after seeing a picture of a person, they appear in her dreams. The first four books take place over less than a year, and chronicle her attempts to help missing children while trying to avoid the scrutiny of the federal government. The fifth book, published four years after the fourth book, picks up the story line after Jess has turned 19. Over the course of the books, Jess is romantically involved with Rob Wilkins, a boy from the wrong side of the tracks. The first four books were written under Cabot's pseudonym, Jenny Carroll. After poor sales, the series was discontinued. Sales improved when the books were re-released in 2004 under Cabot's real name. Cabot was unhappy with the discontinuation; she stated that she wanted to take the series up to eight books. Her current publishing house agreed to publish one more installment. Missing You was released in December 2006 and ended the series. The 1-800-WHERE-R-YOU series was the basis for the television show Missing, which aired on the Lifetime cable network for three seasons from 2003 to 2006.[7] The series has been reprinted in the US in an omnibus edition, and retitled Vanished.

All-American Girl series • All American Girl (September 2002) • Ready or Not: An All-American Girl Novel (July 2005) The series revolves around Samantha Madison, a Washington, D.C. native, who, while skipping her after-school art class, saves the life of the president, and becomes a national hero. The two books are about her rise to fame and her love life with the president's son, David, who appears to want to take their relationship to the next level in the second book. There is also a short story called Another All American Girl in the anthology Our White House:Looking In, Looking Out, about Samantha's experience in the White House.

Avalon High series • Avalon High, December 2005 • Avalon High: Coronation (three-book manga series) • The Merlin Prophecy (July 3, 2007) • Homecoming (June 24, 2008) • Hunter's Moon (September 1, 2009) There is a sequel to the first Avalon High novel. However, instead of a regular novel, it is part of a new partnership HarperCollins brokered with Tokyopop (a leading United States manga company). It has been released as a three-book manga series, called Avalon High: Coronation. The first manga, titled The Merlin Prophecy, was released on July 3, 2007 and was drawn by manga artist Jinky Coronado, who does the Banzai Girl manga. She also illustrated the other two manga. The Avalon High flim was shown on Disney Channel on November 12, 2010. Britt Robertson played Ellie, while Gregg Sulkin played Will. Meg Cabot 118

The Airhead trilogy • Airhead (May 2008) • Being Nikki (May 2009) • Runaway (April 2010) This series is about an overachieving high school girl, Em, who wakes up after an accident to discover her brain has been transferred into the body of a teen supermodel. Now instead of being judged by her grades, everyone is judging Em by her looks, and she has to fight a worldwide corporation to find out the truth about what happened if she wants to get her old life back and save the lives of her friends and family.

Other young adult fiction • Nicola and the Viscount (August 2002) • Victoria and the Rogue (March 2003) • Teen Idol (July 2004) • How to Be Popular (July 2006) • Pants on Fire/Tommy Sullivan is a (May 2007) • Jinx (July 2007) • The Abandon Trilogy (Spring 2011)

Adult Novels

Insatiable series The first book in Meg's latest series for adult readers, Insatiable [9], was released on June 8, 2010, and became an instant New York Times bestseller. This series is a modern retelling of Bram Stoker's Dracula, but with a twist. The main character, Meena Harper, has a special gift: she can foretell people's death . . . just not her own. Even worse, she's being forced by the television show for which she works to write vampires into the plot due to their popularity. Meena, however, hates vampires (she doesn't believe in them, and doesn't like how they always go after—and kill girls). This complicates things when she finds out from Alaric Wulf, a demon-hunter with a secret unit of the Vatican called the Palatine Guard, that vampires are attacking girls all over her native New York City, and that her new boyfriend might be one of them . . . Lucien Antonescu, Dracula's son, the Prince of Darkness. A sequel to Insatiable called Overbite[10] will be out in the US in July 2011. In the UK the title is referred to as "Craving."

Heather Wells series 1. Size 12 is Not Fat, December 27, 2005 2. Size 14 is Not Fat Either, November 28, 2006 3. Big Boned, December 26, 2007 The Heather Wells series is an adult mystery series that features former pop star Heather Wells. Heather was once a teen star, but was fired by her recording company when she asked to sing songs she had written instead of the ones they composed for her. The book opens just after Heather has gotten a job as a residence house coordinator at New York College and quickly discovers that young girls in the dorm are being murdered. The second book was originally titled Phat Chick, but this was changed by the publishers to It's Not Over Until The Size 12 Chick Sings, and finally, Size 14 is Not Fat Either, which continued Heather's amateur sleuthing adventures. The third book in the series is published under the title "Size Doesn't Matter" in Australia and Great Britain. (In other countries, such as the U.S. and Canada, it was entitled "Big Boned".) In 'Size Doesn't Matter', Heather solves another mystery, and is involved in a love triangle with Tad, her boyfriend, and Cooper, whom she secretly loves, but rejected her. In March, 2008 the series was contracted for two additional books, which should be released in 2011 or 2012. Meg Cabot 119

Queen of Babble series

1. Queen of Babble (May 2006) 2. Queen of Babble in the Big City (June 2007) 3. Queen of Babble Gets Hitched (June 2008/April 2009 - Paperback) Queen of Babble [11] debuted at #27 on the New York Times Bestseller List. The main character of this romantic comedy, Lizzie Nichols, is a recent college grad who isn't sure what she wants out of life. All she knows is that she can't keep a secret, even her own. This causes her many romantic, friendship, and work-related problems, especially after moving to New York City after graduating from college. There, she can't seem to keep her mouth shut long enough not to screw up her dreams . . . but nothing is going to keep her from trying to find the career she's wanted. And maybe a boyfriend, too.

Romance novels Queen of Babble in the Big City, June These novels were written under Cabot's pseudonym Patricia Cabot: 2007.

• Where Roses Grow Wild (March 1998) • Portrait of My Heart (January 1999) • An Improper Proposal (November 1999) • A Little Scandal (June 2000) • Lady of Skye (January 2001) • Educating Caroline (November 2001) • Kiss the Bride (May 2002) Written under Cabot's characters • Ransom My Heart (January 2009) - Written by Amelia "Mia" Thermopolis, Princess of Genovia with help from Meg Cabot

Boy series • The Boy Next Door, October 2002 (as Meggin Cabot) • Boy Meets Girl, January 2004 (as Meggin Cabot) • Every Boy's Got One, January 2005 These books are loosely connected romantic comedies told in emails, IMs, and brief journal entries. The Boy Next Door [12] was a Kelly Rippa Book Club Pick on LIVE! with Regis and Kelly.

Other works • She Went All the Way, December 2002 (as Meggin Cabot)

Short stories • "The Christmas Captive" (as Patricia Cabot), included in the adult romance anthology A Season in the Highlands, which was published in December 2000. • "Girl’s Guide to New York through the Movies" included in Metropolis Found: New York Is Book Country 25th Anniversary Collection, published in August 2003. • "Kate the Great" included in Thirteen: Thirteen Stories That Capture the Agony and Ecstasy of Being Thirteen, published October 2003. Meg Cabot 120

• "Party Planner" included in the adult short story collection Girls' Night In, published September 2004. • "Connie "Hunter" Williams, Psychic Teacher" included in the teen short story collection Friends: Stories About New Friends, Old Friends, and Unexpectedly True Friends, published August 2005. • "Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls" included in the CosmoGIRL! short story collection Shining On, published April 2006. • "Reunion" included in the adult short story collection Girls' Night Out, published June 2006. • "Cry, Linda, Cry: Judy Blume’s Blubber and The Cruelest Thing in the World" included in Everything I Needed to Know About Being a Girl I Learned From Judy Blume, published Spring 2007. • "Ask Annie" included in Midnight Feast, published July 2007. • "The Exterminator's Daughter" included in Prom Nights From Hell, published May 2007. • "Every Girl's Dream" A short story written by Cabot out of the Mediator Series. • "Princess Prettypants" A short story in the anthology Zombie vs. Unicorns published in September 2010. • The Night Hunter A short story in the anthology Fear: 13 Stories of Horror and Suspense published in September 2010.

Screenplays • Early versions of the screenplay for Disney's Ice Princess, released in 2005, were written by Meg Cabot

Film Adaptations In 2001, the film version of the Princess Diaries was released. The film starred Anne Hathaway as Amelia "Mia" Thermopolis and Julie Andrews as Clarisse Renaldi. The Disney Channel original movie version of Avalon High premiered late fall 2010.[13] the film starred Gregg Sulkin as A. William Wagner and Britt Robertson as Allie Pennington (Ellie Harrison) An Untitled Queen Of Babble movie is currently In Development.[14] The book has been optioned by Jeffrey Sharp of Sharp Independent, with Kristen Bell slated to star.[15]

Awards • Romantic Times Reviewers Choice Award for Best British Isles , 1999, for An Improper Proposal • Top Ten Quick Picks for Reluctant Readers selection, Best Book selection, American Library Association, and New York Public Library Teen Book for the New Millennium citation, all 2001, all for The Princess Diaries • Edgar Allan Poe Award nomination, best young adult category, Mystery Writers of America, 2003, for Safe House • The Princess Diaries was voted "one of the nation's 100 best-loved novels" by the British public as part of "The Big Read," British Broadcasting Corporation, 2003. • Queen of Teen nomination (2008) for her work • "Airhead" nominated for Teen Choice Book of the Year, 2009 Meg Cabot 121

References

[1] http:/ / megcabot. com

[2] Meg Cabot Biography (http:/ / www. notablebiographies. com/ news/ A-Ca/ Cabot-Meg. html)

[3] Historical Romance Writers Author: Patricia Cabot (http:/ / www. historicalromancewriters. com/ authorinfo. cfm?authorID=79)

[4] http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ princessdiaries/ pd_v1_princessdiaries. php

[5] http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ allamericangirl/ aag_allamericangirl. php

[6] Biography of Meg Cabot (http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ diary/ ?p=438), Meg Cabot

[7] Meg Cabot Biography – Airhead Author – CosmoGIRL! (http:/ / www. cosmogirl. com/ entertainment/ book-club/ meg-cabot-bio)

[8] MegCabot.dom (http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ chattranscripts/ ChatTranscript_01-29-05. html)

[9] http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ insatiable/

[10] (http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ 2010/ 11/ giving-thanks/ )

[11] http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ queenofbabble/ index. php

[12] http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ boyseries/ boyseries_theboynextdoor. php

[13] "Disney Channel & Disney XD Present Programming Plans for 2010–11 – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings" (http:/ /

tvbythenumbers. com/ 2010/ 03/ 03/ disney-channel-disney-xd-present-programming-plans-for-2010-11/ 43759). TVbytheNumbers.com. 2010-03-03. . Retrieved 2010-07-11.

[14] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt1183920/

[15] http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ ?s=queen+ of+ babble& x=0& y=0 • "Meg Cabot." Authors and Artists for Young Adults, Volume 50. Gale Group, 2003. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2006.

• MegCabot.com (http:/ / www. megcabot. com/ diary/ ?p=261) Michael Chabon 122 Michael Chabon

Michael Chabon

Chabon at a book signing in 2006.

Born May 24, 1963Washington, D.C.

Pen name Leon Chaim Bach, Malachi B. Cohen, August Van Zorn

Occupation Novelist, screenwriter, columnist, short-story writer

Nationality American

Period 1987–present

Notable work(s) The of Kavalier & Clay (2000), The Yiddish Policemen's Union (2007)

Notable award(s) 1999 O. Henry Award 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 2007 Nebula Award for Best Novel 2008 Hugo Award for Best Novel 2008 Sidewise Award for Alternate History

Spouse(s) Lollie Groth Ayelet Waldman

[1] Michael Chabon (pronounced /ˈʃeɪbɒn/ SHAY-bon; born May 24, 1963) is an American author and "one of the most celebrated writers of his generation", according to The Virginia Quarterly Review.[2] Chabon's first novel, The Mysteries of Pittsburgh (1988), was published when he was 25 and catapulted him to literary celebrity. He followed it with a second novel, Wonder Boys (1995), and two short-story collections. In 2000, Chabon published The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, a critically acclaimed novel that John Leonard, in a 2007 review of a later novel, called Chabon's magnum opus;[3] it received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2001 (see: 2001 in literature). His novel The Yiddish Policemen's Union, an alternate history mystery novel, was published in 2007 to enthusiastic reviews and won the Hugo, Sidewise, and Nebula awards;[4] [5] [6] his serialized novel Gentlemen of the Road appeared in book form in the fall of that same year. His work is characterized by complex language, the frequent use of metaphor[7] along with recurring themes, including nostalgia,[7] divorce, abandonment, fatherhood, and issues of Jewish identity.[3] [8] He often includes gay, bisexual, and Jewish characters in his work.[3] [9] Since the late 1990s, Chabon has written in an increasingly diverse series of styles for varied outlets; he is a notable defender of the merits of genre fiction and plot-driven fiction, and, Michael Chabon 123

along with novels, he has published screenplays, children's books, comics, and newspaper serials.

Early years

Michael Chabon (pronounced, in his words, "Shea as in Shea Stadium, Bon as in Bon Jovi", i.e., English pronunciation: /ˈʃeɪbɒn/) was born in Washington, DC to Robert Chabon, a physician and lawyer, and Sharon Chabon, a lawyer. Chabon said he knew he wanted to be a writer when, at the age of ten, he wrote his first short story for a class assignment. When the story received an A, Chabon recalls, "I thought to myself, 'That's it. That's what I want to do. I can do this.' And I never had any second thoughts or doubts."[10] Referring to popular culture, he wrote of being raised "on a hearty diet of crap".[11] His parents divorced when Chabon was 11, and he grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Columbia, Maryland. Columbia, where Chabon lived nine months of the year with his mother, was "a progressive planned living community in which racial, economic, and religious diversity were actively fostered."[7] He has written of his mother's marijuana use, recalling her "sometime around 1977 or so, sitting in the front seat of her friend Kathy’s car, passing a little metal pipe back and forth before we went in to see a movie."[12] Chabon attended Carnegie Mellon University for a year before transferring to the University of Pittsburgh, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in 1984.[7] He then went to graduate school at the , Irvine, where he received a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing.

Initial literary success Chabon's first novel, The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, was written as his UC-Irvine master's thesis. Without telling Chabon, his professor, Donald Heiney (better known by his pen name, MacDonald Harris), sent it to a literary agent,[13] who got the author an impressive $155,000 advance on the novel (most first-time novelists receive advances ranging from $5,000 to $7,500.)[14] The Mysteries of Pittsburgh appeared in 1988 and became a bestseller, instantly catapulting Chabon to the status of literary celebrity. Among Chabon's major literary influences in this period were Donald Barthelme, Jorge Luis Borges, Gabriel García Márquez, Raymond Chandler, John Updike, Philip Roth and F. Scott Fitzgerald.[15] As Chabon remarked in 2010, "I just copied the writers whose voices I was responding to, and I think that's probably the best way to learn."[15] Chabon was ambivalent about his newfound fame. He turned down offers to appear in a Gap ad and to be featured as one of People's "50 Most Beautiful People."[16] (He later said, of the People offer, "I don't give a shit [about it] ... I only take pride in things I've actually done myself. To be praised for something like that is just weird. It just felt like somebody calling and saying, 'We want to put you in a magazine because the weather's so nice where you live' ")[9] In 2001, Chabon reflected on the success of his first novel by saying that while "the upside was that I was published and I got a readership[, the] downside ... was that, emotionally, this stuff started happening and I was still like, 'Wait a minute, is my thesis done yet?' It took me a few years to catch up."[9] In 1991, Chabon published A Model World, a collection of short stories, many of which had been published previously in The New Yorker.

Fountain City and Wonder Boys After the success of The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, Chabon spent five years working on a second novel. Called Fountain City, the novel was a "highly ambitious opus ... about an architect building a perfect baseball park in Florida",[17] and it eventually ballooned to 1,500 pages, with no end in sight.[10] The process was frustrating for Chabon, who, in his words, "never felt like I was conceptually on steady ground."[17] At one point, Chabon submitted a 672-page draft to his agent and editor, who disliked the work. Chabon had problems dropping the novel, though. "It was really scary", he said later. "I'd already signed a contract and been paid all this money. And then I'd gotten a divorce and half the money was already with my ex-wife. My instincts were telling me, This book is fucked. Just drop it. But I didn't, because I thought, What if I have to give the money back?"[18] "I used to go down to my office and fantasize about all the books I could write instead." Michael Chabon 124

When he finally decided to abandon Fountain City, Chabon recalls staring at his blank computer for hours, before suddenly picturing "a 'straitlaced, troubled young man with a tendency toward melodrama' trying to end it all."[10] He began writing, and within a couple of days, had written 50 pages of what would become his second novel, Wonder Boys. Chabon drew on his experiences with Fountain City for the character of Grady Tripp, a frustrated novelist who has spent years working on an immense fourth novel. The author wrote Wonder Boys in a dizzy seven-month streak, without telling his agent or publisher he'd abandoned Fountain City. The book, published in 1995, was a commercial and critical success.

The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay Among the supporters of Wonder Boys was The Washington Post critic Jonathan Yardley; however, despite declaring Chabon "the young star of American letters", Yardley argued that, in his works to that point, Chabon had been preoccupied "with fictional explorations of his own ... It is time for him to move on, to break away from the first person and explore larger worlds."[19] Chabon later said that he took Yardley's criticism to heart, explaining, "It chimed with my own thoughts. I had bigger ambitions."[20] In 1999 he published his second collection of short stories, Werewolves in their Youth, which included his first published foray into genre fiction,[2] the grim horror story "In the Black Mill." Shortly after completing Wonder Boys, Chabon discovered a box of comic books from his childhood; a reawakened interest in comics, coupled with memories of the "lore" his Brooklyn-born father had told him about "the middle years of the twentieth century in America....the radio shows, politicians, movies, music, and athletes, and so forth, of that era," inspired him to begin work on a new novel.[21] In 2000, he published The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, an epic historical novel that charts 16 years in the lives of Sammy Clay and Joe Kavalier, two Jewish cousins who create a wildly popular series of comic books in the early 1940s, the years leading up to the entry of the U.S. into World War II. The novel received "nearly unanimous praise" and became a New York Times Best Seller,[7] eventually winning the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Chabon reflected that, in writing Kavalier & Clay, "I discovered strengths I had hoped that I possessed — the ability to pull off multiple points of view, historical settings, the passage of years — but which had never been tested before."[22]

Recent work In 2002, Chabon published Summerland, a fantasy novel written for younger readers that received mixed reviews but sold extremely well,[23] and won the 2003 Mythopoeic Fantasy Award. Two years later, he published The Final Solution, a novella about an investigation led by an unknown old man, whom the reader can guess to be Sherlock Holmes, during the final years of World War II. His Dark Horse Comics project The Amazing Adventures of the Escapist, a quarterly anthology series that was published from 2004 to 2006, purported to cull stories from an involved, fictitious 60-year history of the Escapist character created by the protagonists of The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay. It was awarded the 2005 Eisner Award for Best Anthology and a pair of Harvey Awards for Best Anthology and Best New Series. In late 2006, Chabon completed work on Gentlemen of the Road, a 15-part serialized novel that ran in The New York Times Magazine from January 28 to May 6, 2007. The serial (which at one point had the working title "Jews with Swords") was described by Chabon as "a swashbuckling adventure story set around the year 1000."[24] Just before Gentlemen of the Road completed its run, the author published his latest novel, The Yiddish Policemen's Union, which he had worked on since February 2002. A hard-boiled detective story that imagines an alternate history in which Israel collapsed in 1948 and European Jews settled in Alaska, the novel was launched on May 1, 2007 to enthusiastic reviews,[25] and spent six weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list.[26] The novel also won the 2008 Hugo Award. In May 2007, Chabon said that he was working on a young-adult novel with "some fantastic content".[27] A month later, the author said he had put plans for the young-adult book on hold,[28] and instead had signed a two-book deal Michael Chabon 125

with HarperCollins. The first a book-length work of non-fiction called Manhood for Amateurs: The Pleasures and Regrets of a Husband, Father, and Son published in spring 2009 (2010 in Europe); the work discusses "being a man in all its complexity — a son, a father, a husband."[29] The collection was nominated for a 2010 Northern California Book Award in the Creative Nonfiction category.[30] This was Chabon's second published collection of essays and non-fiction. McSweeney's published Maps and Legends, a collection of Chabon's literary essays, on May 1, 2008.[31] Proceeds from the book benefited 826 National.[32] Chabon's second book under the contract, with a tentative publication date of 2011, will be a contemporary adult novel set in and around the San Francisco Bay Area. During a 2007 interview with the Washington Post, Chabon was quoted as saying, "I would like it to be set in the present day and feel right now the urge to do something more mainstream than my recent work has been." During a Q&A session in January 2009, Chabon added that he was writing a "naturalistic" novel about two families in Berkeley.[33] In a March 2010 interview with the Guardian newspaper, Chabon confirmed that the novel-in-progress was still very much naturalistic and that "So far there's no overtly genre content: it's set in the present day and has no alternate reality or anything like that."[15] In an interview with the Wall Street Journal published on December 7, 2010, Chabon said that he hopes to submit the novel in 2011 and that its provisional title is Telegraph Avenue.[34] Despite his success, Chabon continues to perceive himself as a "failure", noting that "anyone who has ever received a bad review knows how it outlasts, by decades, the memory of a favorable word."[35] In June 2010 he wrote an editorial for the New York Times in which he noted the role of exceptionalism in Jewish identity, in relation to the "blockheadedness" of Israel's botched Gaza flotilla raid and the explanations that followed.[36]

Personal life In 1987, Chabon married the poet Lollie Groth. After the publication of The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, he was mistakenly featured in a article on up-and-coming gay writers (Pittsburgh's protagonist has liaisons with people of both sexes.) The New York Times later reported that "in some ways, [Chabon] was happy" for the magazine's error, and quoted him as saying, "I feel very lucky about all of that. It really opened up a new readership to me, and a very loyal one."[16] In a 2002 interview, Chabon added, "if Mysteries of Pittsburgh is about anything in terms of human sexuality and identity, it's that people can't be put into categories all that easily."[37] In "On The Mysteries of Pittsburgh", an essay he wrote for the New York Review of Books in 2005, Chabon remarked on the autobiographical events that helped inspire his first novel: "I had slept with one man whom I loved, and learned to love another man so much that it would never have occurred to me to want to sleep with him."[38] According to Chabon, the popularity of The Mysteries of Pittsburgh had adverse effects; he later explained, "I was married at the time to someone else who was also a struggling writer, and the success created a gross imbalance in our careers, which was problematic."[9] He and Groth divorced in 1991, and he married the writer Ayelet Waldman in 1993. They currently live together in Berkeley, California with their four children,[39] Sophie (b. 1994), Ezekiel "Zeke" Napoleon Waldman (b. 1997), Ida-Rose (b. June 1, 2001), and Abraham Wolf Waldman (b. March 31, 2003). Chabon has said that the "creative freeflow" he has with Waldman inspired the relationship between Sammy Clay and Rosa Saks towards the end of The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay,[21] and in 2007, Entertainment Weekly declared the couple "a famous — and famously in love — writing pair, like Nick and Nora Charles with word processors and not so much booze."[27] In 2000, Chabon told The New York Times that he kept a strict schedule, writing from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day, Sunday through Thursday.[16] He tries to write 1,000 words a day. Commenting on the rigidity of his routine, Chabon said, "There have been plenty of self-destructive rebel-angel novelists over the years, but writing is about getting your work done and getting your work done every day. If you want to write novels, they take a long time, and they're big, and they have a lot of words in them.... The best environment, at least for me, is a very stable, structured Michael Chabon 126

kind of life."[9]

Interest in genre fiction In a 2002 essay, Chabon decried the state of modern short fiction (including his own), saying that, with rare exceptions, it consisted solely of "the contemporary, quotidian, plotless, moment-of-truth revelatory story."[40] In an apparent reaction against these "plotless [stories] sparkling with epiphanic dew", Chabon's post-2000 work has been marked by an increased interest in genre fiction and plot. While The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay was, like The Mysteries of Pittsburgh and Wonder Boys, an essentially realistic, contemporary novel (whose plot happened to revolve around comic-book superheroes), Chabon's subsequent works — such as The Final Solution, his dabbling with comic-book writing, and the "swashbuckling adventure" of Gentlemen of the Road — have been almost exclusively devoted to mixing aspects of genre and literary fiction. Perhaps the most notable example of this is The Yiddish Policemen's Union, which won five genre awards, including the Hugo award and Nebula award.[13] Chabon seeks to "annihilate" not the genres themselves, but the bias against certain genres of fiction such as fantasy, science fiction and romance.[13] Chabon's forays into genre fiction have met with mixed critical reaction. One science fiction short story by Chabon, "The Agent," was described by a reviewer as "enough to send readers back into the cold but reliable arms of The New Yorker."[41] Another critic wrote of the same story that it was "richly plotted, action-packed," and that "Chabon skilfully elaborates his world and draws not just on the worlds of , Bruce Sterling and , but on alternate histories by brilliant SF mavericks such as and Howard Waldrop. The imperial politics are craftily resonant and the story keeps us hanging on."[42] While The Village Voice called The Final Solution "an ingenious, fully imagined work, an expert piece of literary ventriloquism, and a mash note to the beloved boys' tales of Chabon's youth",[43] The Boston Globe wrote, "[T]he genre of the comic book is an anemic vein for novelists to mine, lest they squander their brilliance,"[44] and The New York Times added that the detective story, "a genre that is by its nature so constrained, so untransgressive, seems unlikely to appeal to the real writer."[41] In 2005, Chabon argued against the idea that genre fiction and entertaining fiction should not appeal to "the real writer", saying that the common perception is that "Entertainment ... means junk.... [But] maybe the reason for the junkiness of so much of what pretends to entertain us is that we have accepted — indeed, we have helped to articulate — such a narrow, debased concept of entertainment.... I'd like to believe that, because I read for entertainment, and I write to entertain. Period."[45] One of the more positive responses to Chabon's brand of "trickster literature" appeared in Time magazine, whose Lev Grossman wrote that "This is literature in mid-transformation .... the highbrow and the lowbrow, once kept chastely separate, are now hooking up, [and] you can almost see the future of literature coming."[46] Grossman classed Chabon with a movement of authors similarly eager to blend literary and popular writing, including (with whom Chabon is friends),[2] , and Susanna Clarke. On the other hand, in Slate in 2007, Ruth Franklin said, "Michael Chabon has spent considerable energy trying to drag the decaying corpse of genre fiction out of the shallow grave where writers of serious literature abandoned it."[47]

The Van Zorn persona For some of his own genre work, Chabon has forged an unusual horror/fantasy fiction persona under the name of August Van Zorn. More elaborately developed than a pseudonym, August Van Zorn is purported to be a pen name for one Albert Vetch (1899–1963).[48] In Chabon's 1995 novel Wonder Boys, narrator Grady Tripp writes that he grew up in the same hotel as Vetch, who worked as an English professor at the (nonexistent) Coxley College and wrote hundreds of pulp stories that were "in the gothic mode, after the manner of Lovecraft ... but written in a dry, ironic, at times almost whimsical idiom."[48] A horror-themed short story titled "In the Black Mill" was published in Michael Chabon 127

Playboy in June 1997 and reprinted in Chabon's 1999 story collection Werewolves in Their Youth, and was attributed to Van Zorn.[49] Chabon has created a comprehensive bibliography[50] for Van Zorn, along with an equally fictional literary scholar devoted to his oeuvre named Leon Chaim Bach.[51] Bach's now-defunct website[52] (which existed under the auspices of Chabon's) declared Van Zorn to be, "without question, the greatest unknown horror writer of the twentieth century," and mentioned that Bach had once edited a collection of short stories by Van Zorn titled The Abominations of Plunkettsburg.[53] (The name "Leon Chaim Bach" is an anagram of "Michael Chabon," as is "Malachi B. Cohen," the name of a fictional comics expert who wrote occasional essays about the Escapist for the character's Dark Horse Comic series.) In 2004, Chabon established the August Van Zorn Prize, "awarded to the short story that most faithfully and disturbingly embodies the tradition of the weird short story as practiced by Edgar Allan Poe and his literary descendants, among them August Van Zorn."[2] The first recipient of the prize was Jason Roberts, whose winning story, "7C", was then included in McSweeney's Enchanted Chamber of , edited by Chabon.[51] A scene in the film adaptation of Chabon's novel The Mysteries of Pittsburgh shows two characters in a bookstore stocking August Van Zorn books.

The Chabon universe Chabon has provided several subtle hints throughout his work that the stories he tells take place in a shared fictional universe. One recurring character, who is mentioned in three of Chabon's books but never actually appears, is Eli Drinkwater, a fictional catcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates who died abruptly after crashing his car on Mt. Nebo Road.[54] The most detailed exposition of Drinkwater's life appears in Chabon's 1990 short story "Smoke," which is set at Drinkwater's funeral, and refers to him as "a scholarly catcher, a redoubtable batsman, and a kind, affectionate person."[54] Drinkwater was again referred to (though not by name) in Chabon's 1995 novel Wonder Boys, in which narrator Grady Tripp explains that his sportswriter friend Happy Blackmore was hired "to ghost the autobiography of a catcher, a rising star who played for Pittsburgh and hit the sort of home runs that linger in the memory for years."[55] Tripp explains that Blackmore turned in an inadequate draft, his book contract was cancelled, and the catcher died shortly afterwards, "leaving nothing in Happy's notorious 'files' but the fragments and scribblings of a ghost."[55] In Chabon's children's book Summerland (2002), it is suggested that Blackmore was eventually able to find a publisher for the biography; the character Jennifer T. mentions that she has read a book called Eli Drinkwater: A Life in Baseball, written by Happy Blackmore.[56] Drinkwater's name may have been selected in homage to contemporary author John Crowley, whom Chabon is on the record as admiring. Crowley's novel Little, Big featured a main character named Alice Drinkwater. There are also instances in which character surnames reappear from story to story. Cleveland Arning, a character in Chabon's 1988 debut novel, The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, is described as having come from a wealthy family,[57] one that might be expected to be able to endow a building. Near the end of Wonder Boys (1995), it is mentioned that, on the unnamed college campus at which Grady Tripp teaches, there is a building called Arning Hall "where the English faculty kept office hours."[58] Similarly, in Chabon’s 1989 short story "A Model World," a character named Levine discovers, or rather plagiarizes, a formula for "nephokinesis" (or cloud control) that wins him respect and prominence in the meteorological field.[59] In The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay (2000), a passing reference is made to the "massive Levine School of Applied Meteorology," ostensibly a building owned by New York University.[60] Michael Chabon 128

Experiences with Hollywood Although Michael Chabon has described his attitude toward Hollywood as "pre-emptive cynicism,"[14] for years the author has nevertheless engaged in sustained, and often fruitless, efforts to bring both adapted and original projects to the screen. In 1994, Chabon pitched a screenplay entitled The Gentleman Host to producer Scott Rudin, a romantic comedy "about old Jewish folks on a third-rate cruise ship out of Miami".[18] Rudin bought the project and developed it with Chabon, but it was never filmed, partly due to the release of the similarly themed film Out to Sea in 1997. In the nineties, Chabon also pitched story ideas for both the X-Men[61] and the [62] movies, but was rejected. When Scott Rudin was adapting Wonder Boys for the screen, the author declined an offer to write the screenplay, saying he was too busy writing The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay.[14] Directed by Curtis Hanson and starring Michael Douglas, Wonder Boys was released in 2000 to critical acclaim and financial failure.[63] Having bought the film rights to The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, Rudin then asked Chabon to work on that film's screenplay. Although Chabon spent 16 months in 2001 and 2002 working on the novel's film adaptation, the project has been mired in pre-production for years. Chabon's work, however, remains popular in Hollywood, with Rudin purchasing the film rights to The Yiddish Policemen's Union in 2002, five years before the book would be published. The same year, Miramax bought the rights to Summerland and Tales of Mystery and Imagination (a planned collection of eight genre short stories that Chabon has not yet written), each of which was optioned for a sum in the mid-six figures.[64] Chabon also wrote a draft for 2004's Spider-Man 2, about a third of which was used in the final film. Soon after Spider-Man 2 was released, director Sam Raimi mentioned that he hoped to hire Chabon to work on the film's sequel, "if I can get him,"[65] but Chabon never worked on Spider-Man 3. In October 2004, it was announced that Chabon was at work writing Disney's Snow and the Seven, a live-action martial arts retelling of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to be directed by master Hong Kong fight choreographer and director Yuen Wo Ping.[66] In August 2006, Chabon said that he had been replaced on Snow, sarcastically explaining that the producers wanted to go in "more of a fun direction."[67] Although Chabon is uninvolved with the project, director Rawson Marshall Thurber shot a film adaptation of The Mysteries of Pittsburgh in fall 2006.[68] The film, which stars Sienna Miller and Peter Sarsgaard, was released in April 2008. In February 2008, Scott Rudin reported that a film adaptation of The Yiddish Policemen's Union was in pre-production, to be written and directed by the Coen brothers.[69] [70] In April 2009, Chabon confirmed he had been hired to do revisions to the script for Disney's John Carter of Mars.[71]

Works

Novels • The Mysteries of Pittsburgh (1988) • Wonder Boys (1995) • The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay (2000) • The Final Solution (2004) • The Yiddish Policemen's Union (2007) • Gentlemen of the Road (2007) • Telegraph Avenue (2011?) Michael Chabon 129

Young-adult fiction • Summerland (2002)

Short story collections • A Model World and Other Stories (1991) • Werewolves in Their Youth (1999)

Essay collections • Maps and Legends (2008) • Manhood for Amateurs (October 2009)[72]

As contributor or editor • McSweeney's Mammoth Treasury of Thrilling Tales (editor and contributor) (2003) • JSA All Stars #7, "The Strange Case of Mr. Terrific and Doctor Nil" (writer) (2004) • McSweeney's Enchanted Chamber of Astonishing Stories (editor) (2004) [73] • Michael Chabon Presents: The Amazing Adventures of the Escapist (comic book series published by Dark Horse Comics) (2004–2005) (Numbers 1–8; the first six are also collected in three books, two numbers per volume) • The Best American Short Stories 2005 (editor, with Katrina Kenison) (2005) • The Escapists (six-issue comic book limited series published by Dark Horse Comics) (2006)

Footnotes

[1] Cohen, Patricia (April 29, 2007). "The Frozen Chosen" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 04/ 29/ books/ 29pcoh. html). The New York Times. . Retrieved July 3, 2009.

[2] Henderson, Eleanor (2007). "From Pittsburgh to Sitka: On Michael Chabon’s The Yiddish Policemen’s Union" (http:/ / www. vqronline. org/

articles/ 2007/ summer/ henderson-chabon-yiddish-policemen/ ). The Virginia Quarterly Review (Summer 2007): 248–257. . Retrieved July 3, 2009.

[3] Leonard, John (June 14, 2007). "Meshuga Alaska" (http:/ / www. nybooks. com/ articles/ 20252) (First paragraph only free online). The New York Review of Books 54 (10). . Retrieved July 3, 2009.

[4] "2008 Hugo Awards" (http:/ / www. thehugoawards. org/ ?page_id=156). The Hugo Awards. World Science Fiction Society. c. 2009. . Retrieved July 3, 2009.

[5] "Winners and Finalists" (http:/ / www. uchronia. net/ sidewise/ complete. html). Sidewise Awards for Alternate History. Uchronia. Undated. . Retrieved July 3, 2009.

[6] "2008 Nebula Awards" (http:/ / www. nebulaawards. com/ index. php/ awards/ nebulas). The Nebula Awards. Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. Undated. . Retrieved July 3, 2009.

[7] "Chabon, Michael – Introduction" (http:/ / www. enotes. com/ contemporary-literary-criticism/ chabon-michael). Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Jeffrey W. Hunter. Vol. 149. Gale Cengage, 2002. eNotes.com. 2006. Retrieved on July 3, 2009. [8] Meyers, Helene, Reading Michael Chabon. Greeenwood, 2010. [9] Binelli, Mark (September 27, 2001). "The Amazing Story of the Comic-Book Nerd who Won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction". (878): 58–62, 78. [10] Cahill, Bryon (April 1, 2005). "Michael Chabon: a writer with many faces. "... at the beginning of the summer I had lunch with my father,

the gangster, who was in town for the weekend to transact some of his vague business."" (http:/ / www. thefreelibrary. com/ Michael+

Chabon:+ a+ writer+ with+ many+ faces. + "at+ the+ beginning+ of+ the. . . -a0130930854) (Online archive of original publication: Cahill, Bryon. "Michael Chabon: a writer with many faces". Writing 27 (6): 16–19. Weekly Reader Corp.). The Free Library. Farlex Inc.. . Retrieved July 3, 2009. [11] Manhood for Amateurs: The Pleasures and Regrets of a Husband, Father and Son, by Michael Chabon, Fourth Estate, 2009. p. 76. [12] Manhood for Amateurs: The Pleasures and Regrets of a Husband, Father and Son, by Michael Chabon, Fourth Estate, 2009, p. 32. [13] Spanberg, Erik (November 30, 2004). "Able to leap over literary barriers in a single book: Chabon ranges from Kabbalah to Captain Nemo"

(http:/ / www. csmonitor. com/ 2004/ 1130/ p17s01-bogn. html). The Christian Science Monitor. . Retrieved July 3, 2009.

[14] Gottlieb, Jeff (June 30, 2002). "Adventures in Rewriting" (http:/ / articles. latimes. com/ 2002/ jun/ 30/ entertainment/ ca-gottlieb30). Los Angeles Times. . Retrieved July 2, 2009. [15] Tayler, Christopher (March 27, 2010). "Michael Chabon: 'I hadn't read a lot by men of my generation and background about being a father –

it felt like I was on relatively untrodden ground'" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2010/ mar/ 27/ Michael Chabon 130

michael-chabon-interview-christopher-tayler). The Guardian (London). . Retrieved May 12, 2010.

[16] Buzbee, Lewis (September 24, 2000). "Michael Chabon: Comics Came First" (http:/ / 74. 125. 95. 132/

search?q=cache:RLoj9nzZBjMJ:www. nytimes. com/ books/ 00/ 09/ 24/ reviews/ 000924. 24buz. html+ "Michael+ Chabon:+ Comics+

Came+ First"& cd=1& hl=en& ct=clnk& gl=us) (Google cache page). The New York Times. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[17] Tobias, Scott (November 22, 2000). "An Interview with Michael Chabon" (http:/ / www. mcsweeneys. net/ authorpages/ chabon/ chabon8. html) (Archived at McSweeney's Internet Tendency—mcsweeneys.net). The Onion. . Retrieved July 2, 2009. [18] Giles, Jeff (April 10, 1995). "He's a Real Boy Wonder". Newsweek: p. 76. [19] Yardley, Jonathan (March 19, 1995). "The Paper Chase". The Washington Post Book World (The Washington Post): p. 3.

[20] Weich, Dave (2000). "Michael Chabon's Amazing Adventures" (http:/ / www. powells. com/ authors/ chabon. html). Powells.com. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[21] Buchwald, Laura (2000). "A Conversation with Michael Chabon" (http:/ / www. randomhouse. com/ boldtype/ 1000/ chabon/ interview. html). Bold Type. RandomHouse.com. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[22] "Interview with Michael Chabon" (http:/ / failbetter. com/ 01/ Chabon. htm). failbetter.com. Fall/Winter 2000 (Vol. 1, Issue 1). . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[23] Timberg, Scott (May 1, 2007). "The idea hit him right in the kishkes" (http:/ / articles. latimes. com/ 2007/ may/ 01/ entertainment/ et-chabon1). Los Angeles Times. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[24] Lengel, Kerry (October 4, 2006). "Author mines Jewish history" (http:/ / www. azcentral. com/ arizonarepublic/ arizonaliving/ articles/

1004chabon1004. html). The Arizona Republic. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[25] "The Yiddish Policemen's Union" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070926224358/ http:/ / www. metacritic. com/ books/ authors/

chabonmichael/ yiddishpolicemensunion?q=chabon). Metacritic. CBS Interactive, Inc.. c. 2009. Archived from the original (http:/ / www.

metacritic. com/ books/ authors/ chabonmichael/ yiddishpolicemensunion?q=chabon) on September 26, 2007. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

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en=a23329f3343df505& ei=5070). The New York Times. July 1, 2007. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[27] Kirschling, Gregory (May 4, 2007). "The New Adventures of Michael Chabon" (http:/ / www. ew. com/ ew/ article/ 0,,20037742,00. html). EW.com (Entertainment Weekly). . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[28] Raymond, Nate (June 5, 2007). "More Details on Non-fiction Book" (http:/ / www. sugarbombs. com/ kavalier/ ?p=56). The Amazing Website of Kavalier & Clay. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[29] Thornton, Matthew (June 1, 2007). "Chabon Signs Again with HC" (http:/ / www. publishersweekly. com/ article/ CA6448371. html). PW Daily. Publishers Weekly. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[30] "2010 Northern California Book Award nominees" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 2010/ 03/ 05/ RVPK1CB26T. DTL). The San Francisco Chronicle. March 7, 2010. .

[31] "Maps and Legends (Hardcover)" (http:/ / www. amazon. com/ dp/ 1932416897) (Product listing). Amazon.com. c. 2009. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[32] "Michael Chabon's new book benefits 826 National!" (http:/ / www. 826national. org/ article/ 118/ michael-chabons-new-book-benefits-826-national). 826 National. May 20, 2008. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[33] Raymond, Nate (Undated). "Current Projects: Untitled Bay Area Novel" (http:/ / www. sugarbombs. com/ kavalier/ ?page_id=10). The Amazing Website of Kavalier & Clay. . Retrieved September 2, 2009.

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com/ speakeasy/ 2010/ 12/ 07/ michael-chabon-on-how-macdowell-is-hazeldon-for-internet-addicts/ ). The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Co.. . Retrieved December 14, 2010. [35] Manhood for Amateurs: The Pleasures and Regrets of a Husband, Father and Son, by Michael Chabon, Fourth Estate, 2009. p. 7

[36] Chabon, Michael (June 5, 2010). "Chosen, but Not Special" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2010/ 06/ 06/ opinion/ 06chabon. html?pagewanted=1). The New York Times. . Retrieved September 29, 2010.

[37] Bugg, Sean (March 14, 2002). "Blurring the Lines: Interview with Michael Chabon" (http:/ / www. metroweekly. com/ feature/ ?ak=270). Metro Weekly. . Retrieved July 4, 2009. [38] Chabon, Michael (June 9, 2005). "On 'The Mysteries of Pittsburgh'". The New York Review of Books 52 (10): 43.

[39] Ybarra, Michael J. (October 5, 2003). "Taking on the law" (http:/ / articles. latimes. com/ 2003/ oct/ 05/ entertainment/ ca-ybarra5). The Los Angeles Times. . Retrieved July 2, 2009. [40] Chabon, Michael (2002). "The Editor’s Notebook: A Confidential Chat with the Editor". In Chabon, Michael. McSweeney’s Mammoth Treasury of Thrilling Tales. New York: Vintage. p. 6. ISBN 1-4000-3339-X.

[41] Friedell, Deborah (November 14, 2004). "'The Final Solution': Bird of the Baskervilles" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2004/ 11/ 14/ books/

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[42] Quinn, Paul (October 19, 2003). "On the trail of a genre high" (http:/ / www. powells. com/ review/ 2003_10_19) (book review, reprint hosted at powells.com). The Times Literary Supplement. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[43] Conn, Andrew Lewis (November 9, 2004). "What Up, Holmes? Michael Chabon and the world's most famous detective" (http:/ / www.

villagevoice. com/ books/ 0445,conn,58257,10. html) (book review). The Village Voice. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[44] Jensen, Kurt (December 26, 2004). "Chabon's wartime 'Solution' is murder most bland" (http:/ / www. boston. com/ ae/ books/ articles/

2004/ 12/ 26/ chabons_wartime_solution_is_murder_most_bland/ ?page=1) (book review). The Boston Globe. . Retrieved July 4, 2009. Michael Chabon 131

[45] Chabon, Michael. "Introduction." The Best American Short Stories 2005. Ed. Michael Chabon. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.

[46] Grossman, Lev (December 17, 2004). "Pop Goes the Literature" (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ magazine/ article/ 0,9171,1009722,00. html). Time. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

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2165763/ ). Slate. Washington Post.Newsweek Interactive Co.. . Retrieved July 4, 2009. [48] Chabon (1995). p. 3.

[49] Gorra, Michael (January 31, 1999). "Endangered Species" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 1999/ 01/ 31/ books/ endangered-species. html). The New York Times. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

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michaelchabon. com/ archives/ 2005/ 03/ an_account_of_a. html). www.michaelchabon.com. Archived from the original (http:/ / www.

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[67] Raymond, Nate (August 26, 2006). ""Jews with Swords" Are Coming" (http:/ / www. sugarbombs. com/ kavalier/ ?p=96). The Amazing Website of Kavalier & Clay. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[68] Vancheri, Barbara (August 11, 2006). "Film Notes: 'Mysteries of Pittsburgh' will film here next month" (http:/ / www. post-gazette. com/ pg/

06223/ 712694-254. stm). The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. . Retrieved October 6, 2006.

[69] Purcell, Andrew (February 8, 2008). "Scott Rudin is on a roll" (http:/ / arts. guardian. co. uk/ filmandmusic/ story/ 0,,2253970,00. html). The Guardian (London). . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[70] Fleming, Michael (February 11, 2008). "Coens speak 'Yiddish' for Columbia: Rudin producing adaptation of Chabon's 'Union'" (http:/ /

www. variety. com/ article/ VR1117980719. html?categoryid=13& cs=1& nid=2563). Variety. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[71] Raymond, Nate (April 9, 2009). "Chabon Revising John Carter of Mars Script" (http:/ / www. sugarbombs. com/ kavalier/ ?p=166). The Amazing Website of Kavalier & Clay. . Retrieved July 2, 2009.

[72] Cairns, Becky (March 29, 2009). "Pulitzer Prize-winning author visits WSU" (http:/ / www. standard. net/ live/ news/ 168286). Standard.net. Ogden Standard-Examiner. . Retrieved July 4, 2009.

[73] Review: T. S. Miller (2010). "A Look Back at a Tributary of the Slipstream" (http:/ / www. irosf. com/ q/ zine/ article/ 10621). The Internet Review of Science Fiction. . Retrieved 17 October 2010. Michael Chabon 132

References • Chabon, Michael (1991). A Model World and Other Stories. New York: Avon. ISBN 0-380-71099-4. • Chabon, Michael (1995). Wonder Boys. New York: Picador USA. ISBN 0-312-14094-0.

External links

• Current Official Website (http:/ / www. michaelchabon. com/ )

• Old Official website (defunct as of January 2007; archived circa April 2006) (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/

20060426235026/ http:/ / www. michaelchabon. com/ ) at the Internet Archive

• The Amazing Website of Kavalier & Clay (http:/ / www. sugarbombs. com/ kavalier/ ), an unofficial but thorough site recommended by Chabon

• Michael Chabon (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0149290/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• "Secret Skin: An essay in unitard theory" by Michael Chabon (http:/ / www. newyorker. com/ reporting/ 2008/ 03/

10/ 080310fa_fact_chabon) from The New Yorker, March 10, 2008

• “Voices on Antisemitism” Interview with Michael Chabon (http:/ / www. ushmm. org/ museum/ exhibit/ focus/

antisemitism/ voices/ transcript/ ?content=20080313) from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (http:/

/ www. ushmm. org/ )

• Michael Chabon (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Michael_Chabon) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Myers, D. G. (2008). "Michael Chabon’s Imaginary Jews" (http:/ / www-english. tamu. edu/ pers/ fac/ myers/

chabon. htm). Sewanee Review.

Mike Lupica

Michael Lupica (born on May 11, 1952 in Oneida, New York) is an American newspaper columnist, best known for his provocative commentary on sports in the New York Daily News and his appearances on ESPN.

Biography Lupica spent his childhood in Nashua, New Hampshire and graduated from Bishop Guertin High School and later Boston College. He first came to prominence as a sportswriter in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. Lupica wrote "The Sporting Life" column at Esquire magazine for ten years beginning in the late 1980s, and currently writes a regular column for Travel + Leisure Golf. He has also written for Golf Digest, Parade, ESPN The Magazine, and Men’s Journal, and has received numerous awards including, in 2003, the Jim Murray Award from the National Football Foundation.[1]

Daily News columnist Lupica writes several sports columns during the week for the Daily News, as well as a signature Sunday column, "Shooting from the Lip," which features a traditional column followed by a series of short, acerbic observations from the week in sports. He recently began writing a regular political column entitled "Mondays with Mike," which is strongly liberal in orientation. Favorite Lupica targets include the New York Yankees, James Dolan, Isiah Thomas, Notre Dame football, Rudy Giuliani, Michael Bloomberg, former President George W. Bush, and former Vice President Dick Cheney. Lupica has also been a harsh critic of the new Yankee Stadium and was a vehement opponent of the proposed West Side Stadium. He has likewise been highly critical of the Atlantic Yards project and the attendant construction of the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. Mike Lupica 133

Author Lupica co-wrote autobiographies with Reggie Jackson and Bill Parcells and collaborated with screenwriter William Goldman on Wait Till Next Year and Mad as Hell: How Sports Got Away From the Fans and How We Get It Back. Lupica also wrote The Summer of ’98: When Homers Flew, Records Fell, and Baseball Reclaimed America, which detailed how the 1998 and the Mark McGwire/Sammy Sosa home run chase had allowed him to share a love for baseball with his son. Lupica has been listed a vocal critic of the steroid era. Lupica is also a novelist; his work includes mysteries involving fictional NYC television reporter Peter Finley. One of them, Dead Air, was nominated for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best First Mystery and adapted into a television movie called Money, Power, Murder.[1] He has written a novel for younger audiences called Travel Team. Lupica’s Bump and Run and Wild Pitch were best sellers. 2003 saw a sequel to Bump and Run, entitled Red Zone.In April 2006, his second children's book, Heat, was published by Philomel. Heat is a fictional story based on the Danny Almonte scandal in the South Bronx Little League. In October 2006, Lupica's third children's novel, Miracle on 49th Street, was published. Summer Ball, a sequel to Travel Team, was released in 2007.

Television & radio work Since 1988 Lupica has been one of the rotating pundits on The Sports Reporters on ESPN.[2] He also briefly hosted an unsuccessful television chat program, The Mike Lupica Show, on ESPN2, as well as a short-lived radio show on WFAN in New York City in the mid-1990s. He has been a recurring guest on the CBS Morning News, , and The MacNeil-Lehrer Newshour. Lupica has made frequent radio appearances on Imus in the Morning since the early 1980s.[3]

Bibliography • Reggie! (1984) • Dead Air (1986) • Parcells: An Autobiography of the Biggest Giant of Them All (1987) • Wait 'Till Next Year, (with William Goldman, 1988) • Shooting From The Lip: Essays, Columns, Quips, and Gripes in the Grand Tradition of Dyspeptic Sports Writing (1988) • Extra Credits (1990) • Limited Partner (1990) • Jump! (1995) • Mad As Hell: How Sports Got Away From the Fans and How We Get It Back (1996) • Summer of '98: When Homers Flew, Records Fell, and Baseball Reclaimed America (1999) • Bump and Run (2000) • Full Court Press (2001) • Wild Pitch (2002) • Red Zone (2003) • Too Far (2004) • Travel Team (2004) • Heat (2005) • Miracle on 49th Street (2006) • Hot Hand (2007) • Two-Minute Drill (2007) • Summer Ball (2007) • Safe at Home (2008) • The Big Field (2008) Mike Lupica 134

• Yankees '98: Best Ever! (a compendium of Daily News coverage, 1999) • Best American Sports Writing 2005 (2005) • Fathers & Sons & Sports: An Anthology of Great American Sports Writing (2008) • Million-Dollar Throw (2009) • The Batboy (2010)

References

[1] Speaker Page: Mike Lupica (http:/ / www. greatertalent. com/ speakers/ speakers. php?speakerid=412) from Greater Talent Network.

[2] The Sports Reporters (http:/ / www. tv. com/ the-sports-reporters/ show/ 37956/ episode. html) on TV.com.

[3] "Press release" (http:/ / www. boatsbooksandbrushes. com/ press20. html) from Boats, Books, and Brushes, 19 May 2003

Milton Meltzer

Milton Meltzer (May 8, 1915 – September 19, 2009) was an American historian and author best known for his history nonfiction books on Jewish, African-American and American history. Since the 1950s, he was a leading author of history books in the children's literature and young adult literature genres, having written more than 100 books.

Life Meltzer was born in Worcester, Massachusetts to Benjamin and Mary Meltzer, semi-literate immigrants from -. One of three sons, Meltzer was the only child to graduate high school, furthering his education at Columbia University from 1932 to 1936, he had to drop out of college before graduating to support his family after his father died of cancer. Meltzer became a writer for the Works Project Administration, a program designed by the Federal Government to provide jobs for the millions of unemployed during the Great Depression. Meltzer wed Hilda "Hildy" Balinky on June 22, 1941. After serving in the Army during World War II, Meltzer was a writer for the CBS radio broadcasting network and later a public relations executive for the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. While traveling the country for Pfizer, Meltzer did research at historical societies, local archives and museums and collected nearly 1,000 illustrations to begin a career writing history books with a focus on social justice. Meltzer co-authored with Harlem Renaissance writer Langston Hughes, A Pictorial History of the Negro in America published in 1956. The Meltzers had two daughters and two grandsons. Hildy Meltzer died in 2009. Meltzer most recently lived in New York City where he passed away at the age of 94 from esophageal cancer.[1] [2] [3]

Writing Meltzer's books often chronicled struggles for freedom, such as the American Revolution, the antislavery movement of the nineteenth century United States, and the movement against antisemitism. He wrote several biographies, including ones of Langston Hughes and Thomas Jefferson, and though most of his books are nonfiction, he wrote at least one historical novel, The Underground Man, about a white abolitionist in the 1800s United States who is imprisoned for helping escaped slaves. Meltzer won numerous awards, both for individual books and his lifetime achievement, including the 2001 Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal.[4] Milton Meltzer 135

Other Meltzer was an adjunct professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and a lecturer at universities in the United States and England, as well as professional meetings and seminars. He did work on various documentary films such as History of the American Negro and Five.[4]

Military Meltzer served in the Army Air Corps during World War II, where he served as an air traffic controller and rose to the rank of sergeant.

Death Milton Meltzer died at his home in New York City from esophageal cancer on September 19, 2009, aged 94.[1]

Works • A Pictorial History of Black Americans, with Langston Hughes and C. Eric Hughes (originally entitled A Pictorial History of the Negro in America) • All Times, All Peoples: A World History of Slavery • Black Magic: A Pictorial History of the African-American in the Performing Arts, with Langston Hughes • Bread-and Roses: The Struggle of American Labor *1865-1915* • Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? • Columbus: and the World Around Him • Mark Twain Himself • Milestones to American Liberty • Nathaniel Hawthorne: a biography • Never to forget: The Jews of the Holocaust • Rescue: The Story of How Gentiles Saved Jews in the Holocaust • Starting From Home • The American Revolutionaries: A History in their own words • The Black Americans: A History in Their Own Words • The Jewish Americans: A History in Their Own Words • Thomas Jefferson: The Revolutionary Aristocrat • Thoreau: People, Principles and Politics

References

[1] New York Times: Milton Meltzer, Prolific Author, Dies at 94 (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2009/ 09/ 25/ books/ 25meltzer. html)

[2] Milton Meltzer obituary (http:/ / www. schoollibraryjournal. com/ article/ CA6698004. html?industryid=47074)

[3] Milton Meltzer papers archived at the University of Oregon (http:/ / nwda-db. wsulibs. wsu. edu/ findaid/ ark:/ 80444/ xv80041)

[4] Worcester Area Writers - Milton Meltzer (http:/ / www. wpi. edu/ Academics/ Library/ Archives/ WAuthors/ meltzer/ bio. html)

External links

• Milton Meltzer papers archived at the University of Oregon (http:/ / nwda-db. wsulibs. wsu. edu/ findaid/ ark:/

80444/ xv80041)

• "'It Was a Wildly Exciting Time': Milton Meltzer Remembers the New Deal's Federal Theatre Project" (http:/ /

historymatters. gmu. edu/ d/ 132/ )

• Meltzer/Bookrags.com (http:/ / www. bookrags. com/ Milton_Meltzer) Nat Hentoff 136 Nat Hentoff

Nat Hentoff

Born June 10, 1925Boston, Massachusetts

Nationality American

Occupation columnist, historian, novelist, music critic

Nathan Irving "Nat" Hentoff (born June 10, 1925) is an American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic, and syndicated columnist for United Media and writes regularly on jazz and country music for The Wall Street Journal. Hentoff was formerly a columnist for Down Beat, The Village Voice, JazzTimes, Legal Times, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The Progressive, Editor & Publisher and Free Inquiry. He was a staff writer for The New Yorker, and his writing has also been published in The New York Times, Jewish World Review, The Atlantic, The New Republic , Commonweal and in the Italian Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo.

Early life Hentoff was born in Boston, Massachusetts and graduated from the Boston Latin School. He was awarded his B.A. with the highest honors from Northeastern University and did graduate work at . In 1950, he was a Fulbright fellow at the Sorbonne in Paris

Career Hentoff joined Down Beat magazine as a columnist in 1952.[1] From 1953 through 1957, he was an associate editor of Down Beat. In 1958, he co-founded The Jazz Review, a magazine that he co-edited with Martin Williams until 1961. His career in broadcast journalism began in the closing days of World War II on WMEX, a Boston radio station. Among his early assignments were live broadcasts of professional wrestling from the old Boston Arena. In the late 1940s, he hosted two notable radio shows on WMEX, "JazzAlbum" and "From Bach To Bartok". Hentoff continued to do a jazz program on WMEX into the early 1950s, and during that period also was an announcer on WGBH-FM on a program called " of Jazz". By the late 1950s, Hentoff was co-hosting a program called "The Scope of Jazz" on WBAI-FM in New York City.[2] In June 1955, Hentoff co-authored with Nat Shapiro Hear Me Talkin' to Ya: The Story of Jazz by the Men Who Made It. The book features interviews with some of the best-known names in jazz, including Dizzy Gillespie, Duke Ellington and Paul Whiteman. He went on to author numerous other books on jazz and politics. On December 31, 2008, the Village Voice, which had regularly published Hentoff's commentary and criticism for fifty years, announced that he had been laid off.[3] In February 2009, Hentoff joined the libertarian Cato Institute as a senior fellow.[4] In January 2010 however Hentoff returned and wrote one article for the Voice. Nat Hentoff 137

Since February, 2008 Hentoff has been a regular weekly (Wednesdays) contributing columnist at WorldNetDaily.com. [5]

Awards and honors In 1972 Hentoff was named a Guggenheim Fellow.[6] He was awarded the American Bar Association's Silver Gavel Award in 1980 for his columns on law and criminal justice. In 1985 he was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Laws by Northeastern University.[7] In 1995 Hentoff was given the National Press Foundation's Award for lifetime distinguished contributions to journalism.[8] In 2004 Hentoff was named one of six NEA Jazz Masters by the US National Endowment for the Arts, the first non-musician to win this award. That same year, the Boston Latin School honored him as alumnus of the year. In October 2005, Hentoff was honored by the Human Life Foundation at their third annual Great Defender of Life dinner.

Humanitarian causes In 2002 Nat Hentoff became a member of the Board of Directors of The Jazz Foundation of America.[9] He has worked with the foundation to help save homes and lives of America's elderly jazz and blues musicians including musicians that survived Hurricane Katrina. Hentoff has written multiple articles to draw attention to the plight of America's pioneering musicians of jazz and blues. These articles were published in The Wall Street Journal[10] and the Village Voice.[11]

Political commentary Hentoff is known as a civil libertarian, free speech activist, anti-death penalty advocate, pro-life advocate. He supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq and is an advocate of Zionism and Israel. While once a longtime supporter of the American Civil Liberties Union, Hentoff has become a vocal critic of the organization for its advocacy of government-enforced university and workplace speech codes.[12] He serves on the board of advisors for the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, another civil liberties group. Hentoff's book, Free Speech for Me — But Not for Thee, outlines his views on free speech and excoriates those who he feels favor censorship in any form. Hentoff was critical of Bush Administration policies such as the Patriot Act and other civil liberties implications of the recent push for "homeland security." He was also strongly critical of Clinton Administration policies such as the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. In February 2003, Hentoff signed a letter circulated by Social Democrats, USA advocating the removal of Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq on human rights grounds, citing reports detailing Hussein's disregard for fundamental liberties. In March and April of that year Hussein was deposed by a US-led invasion, launching the ongoing Iraq war. In summer 2003, Hentoff wrote a column for the Washington Times in which he supported Tony Blair's humanitarian justifications for the war. He also criticized the Democratic Party for casting doubt on President Bush's pre-war assertions about Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction in an election year. An ardent critic of the Bush administration's expansion of presidential power, Hentoff in 2008 called for the new president to deal with the "noxious residue of the Bush-Cheney war against terrorism." Among the national security casualties have been, according to Hentoff, "survivors, if they can be found, of CIA secret prisons ("black sites"); victims of CIA kidnapping renditions; and American citizens locked up indefinitely as "unlawful enemy combatants."[13] He has advocated prosecuting members of the Bush administration, including torture lawyer John Yoo, for war crimes.[14] Hentoff holds idiosyncratic views, espousing generally liberal views on domestic policy and civil liberties, but starting in the 1980s Hentoff articulated more socially conservative positions opposed to abortion, voluntary euthanasia and the selective medical treatment of severely disabled infants.[15] Hentoff has said that shortly after he Nat Hentoff 138

"came out" as an opponent of abortion, several of his colleagues at The Village Voice stopped speaking to him. Hentoff has sardonically described himself as "a member of the Proud and Ancient Order of Stiff-Necked Jewish Atheists".[3] [16] Hentoff was one of the people to seek to publicize Fistgate, and he vigorously criticized the judicial gag order involved in the case.[17] In an April 2008 column, Hentoff stated that, while he had been prepared to enthusiastically support Barack Obama in the 2008 U.S. presidential election, his view changed after looking into Obama's voting record on abortion. During President Obama's first year, Hentoff praised him for ending policies of CIA renditions, but has criticized him for failing to fully end George W. Bush's practice of state torture of prisoners.[18]

Books

Non-fiction • "Hear Me Talkin' To Ya", with Nat Shapiro (1955) • The Jazz Makers, with Nat Shapiro (1957) • The Jazz Life ISBN 0-306-80088-8 (1961) • Peace Agitator: The Story of A. J Muste ISBN 0-9608096-0-0 (1963) • The New Equality (1964) • Our Children Are Dying (with John Holt) (1967) • A Doctor Among the Addicts (1968) • A Political Life: The Education of John V. Lindsay (1969) • Journey into Jazz (1971) • Jazz Is (1976) • Does Anybody Give a Damn?: Nat Hentoff on Education Random House; (1977) • The First Freedom: The Tumultuous History of Free Speech in America (1980) • American Heroes: In and Out of School (1987) • John Cardinal O'Connor: At the Storm Center of a Changing American Catholic Church ISBN 0-684-18944-5 (1988) • Free Speech for Me — But Not for Thee: How the American Left and Right Relentlessly Censor Each Other ISBN 0-06-099510-6 (1993) • Listen to the Stories: Nat Hentoff on Jazz and Country Music ISBN 0-06-019047-7 (1995) • Living the Bill of Rights: How to Be an Authentic American ISBN 0-520-21981-3 (1999) • The War on the Bill of Rights and the Gathering Resistance ISBN 1-58322-621-4 (2004) • American Music Is (2004) • Insisting on Life (with Wesley Smith and Maria McFadden) (2005)

Novels • Jazz Country (1965) • Call the Keeper (1966) • Onwards! (1968) • I'm Really Dragged But Nothing Gets Me Down (1968) • This School is Driving Me Crazy (1976) • Does This School Have Capital Punishment? (1982) • Blues for Charlie Darwin (1982) • The Day They Came To Arrest The Book(1983) • The Man from Internal Affairs (1985) Nat Hentoff 139

Memoirs • Boston Boy: Growing Up With Jazz and Other Rebellious Passions ISBN 0-9679675-2-X (1986) • Speaking Freely: A Memoir (1997)

Compilations • The Nat Hentoff Reader ISBN 0-306-81084-0 (2001)

Books edited • Hear Me Talkin' to Ya: The Story of Jazz by the Men Who Made It (with Nat Shapiro) (1955) • Jazz: New Perspectives on the History of Jazz ISBN 0-306-80088-8 (with Albert McCarthy) (1959) • Black Anti-Semitism and Jewish Racism (1969)

References [1] Down Beat, Feb. 8, 1952, p. 1 [2] [The New York Times], July 3, 1958, p. 49

[3] "Having Writ for 50 Years, Hentoff Moves on from The Voice, New York Times, Jan. 6, 2009 (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2009/ 01/ 09/

nyregion/ 09nyc. html?em)

[4] Nat Hentoff Joins the Cato Institute (http:/ / www. cato. org/ pressroom. php?display=news& id=163)

[5] (http:/ / www. wnd. com/ index. php?pageId=43& authorId=182& pageNo=15)

[6] List of Guggenheim Fellows (http:/ / www. gf. org/ fellows/ all?index=h) [7] Hentoff, Nat, Listen to the Stories: Nat Hentoff on Jazz and Country Music, "About the Author" (HarperCollins 1995)

[8] "Nat Hentoff's Last Column" Village Voice, Jan. 6, 2009 (http:/ / www. villagevoice. com/ 2009-01-07/ columns/

nat-hentoff-s-last-column-the-50-year-veteran-says-goodbye/ )

[9] jazz.com. 2009-13-10. URL: http:/ / jazz. com/ jazz-blog/ 2009/ 3/ 7/ nat-hentoff-saving-jazz-one-musician-at-a-time. Accessed: 2009-13-10.

(Archived by jazz.com at http:/ / jazz. com/ jazz-blog/ 2009/ 3/ 7/ nat-hentoff-saving-jazz-one-musician-at-a-time)

[10] wsj.com. 2009-13-10. URL: http:/ / online. wsj. com/ article/ SB123197292128083217. html. Accessed: 2009-13-10. (Archived by

online.wsj.com at http:/ / online. wsj. com/ article/ SB123197292128083217. html)

[11] villagevoice.com. 2009-13-10. URL: http:/ / www. villagevoice. com/ 2006-11-14/ news/ keeping-jazz-musicians-alive/ . Accessed:

2009-13-10. (Archived by villagevoice.com at http:/ / www. villagevoice. com/ 2006-11-14/ news/ keeping-jazz-musicians-alive/ tp://online.wsj.com/article/SB123197292128083217.html)

[12] ACLU better clean up its act (http:/ / www. jewishworldreview. com/ cols/ hentoff092099. asp)

[13] http:/ / www. villagevoice. com/ 2008-11-12/ columns/ caged-citizen-will-test-president-obama/

[14] http:/ / www. villagevoice. com/ 2008-12-03/ columns/ obama-s-first-100-days/

[15] Nat Hentoff on Abortion (http:/ / swissnet. ai. mit. edu/ ~rauch/ nvp/ hentoff. html) [16] Hentoff, Nat, John Cardinal O'Connor: at the Storm Center of a Changing American Catholic Church, p. 7 (Charles Scribner's Sons 1988)

[17] reposting of Hentoff's statement in September 2000 (http:/ / www. ucmpage. org/ sword/ m_sword09062000. html)

[18] http:/ / www. villagevoice. com/ 2010-01-12/ columns/ george-w-obama/

External links

• About Nat Hentoff (http:/ / jazztimes. com/ contributors/ 95)

• Columns at JewishWorldReview.com (http:/ / www. jewishworldreview. com/ cols/ hentoff1. asp)

• Columns on abortion (http:/ / www-swiss. ai. mit. edu/ ~rauch/ nvp/ hentoff. html)

• "Nat Hentoff's Last Column: The 50-Year Veteran Says Goodbye", Village Voice, Jan. 6, 2009 (http:/ / www.

villagevoice. com/ 2009-01-07/ columns/ nat-hentoff-s-last-column-the-50-year-veteran-says-goodbye/ ) Neil Gaiman 140 Neil Gaiman

Neil Gaiman

Neil Gaiman and his dog, Cabal

Born 10 November 1960Portchester, Hampshire, England

Occupation Novelist, graphic novelist and screenwriter

Nationality British

Period 1980s–present

Genres Fantasy, Horror, Science fiction, Dark fantasy

Notable work(s) , , , , , ""

Spouse(s) Amanda Palmer (2011–present) Mary McGrath (1985-2007)

[2]

Neil Richard Gaiman (pronounced /ˈɡeɪmən/;[3] born 10 November 1960[4] ) is an English author of science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels, comic books and graphic novels, audio theatre, and films. His notable works include the comic book series The Sandman and novels Stardust, American Gods, Coraline, and The Graveyard Book. Gaiman's writing has won numerous awards, including the Hugo, Nebula, and Bram Stoker, as well as the 2009 Newbery Medal and 2010 Carnegie Medal in Literature. He is the first author to win both the Newbery and the Carnegie medals for the same work.[5]

Early life Gaiman's family is of Polish and other Eastern European Jewish origins;[6] his great-grandfather emigrated from Antwerp before 1914[7] and his grandfather eventually settled in the Hampshire city of Portsmouth and established a chain of grocery stores.[8] His father, David Bernard Gaiman,[9] worked in the same chain of stores;[8] his mother, Sheila Gaiman (née Goldman), was a pharmacist. He has two younger sisters, Claire and Lizzy.[10] After living for a period in the nearby town of Portchester, Hampshire, where Neil was born in 1960, the Gaimans moved in 1965 to the West Sussex town of East Grinstead where his parents studied at the Scientology centre in the town.[11] They remained closely involved with Judaism; Gaiman's sister later said, "It would get very confusing when people Neil Gaiman 141

would ask my religion as a kid. I’d say, 'I’m a Jewish Scientologist.'"[11] Gaiman says that he is now not a Scientologist.[11] Gaiman was able to read at the age of four, and began to read everything. He said, "I was a reader. I loved reading. Reading things gave me pleasure. I was very good at most subjects in school, not because I had any particular aptitude in them, but because normally on the first day of school they'd hand out schoolbooks, and I'd read them--which would mean that I'd know what was coming up, because I'd read it."[1] The first book he read was J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings from his school library, but they only had the first two out of the three books in the trilogy. He consistently took them out and read them. He would later win the school English prize and the school reading prize, and he got the third volume and also a collection of English poetry.[1] For his seventh birthday, Gaiman received C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. He later recalled that "I admired his use of parenthetical statements to the reader, where he would just talk to you...I'd think, 'Oh, my gosh, that is so cool! I want to do that! When I become an author, I want to be able to do things in parentheses.' I liked the power of putting things in brackets."[1] Another childhood favorite was Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, which he called "a favorite forever. Alice was default reading to the point where I knew it by heart."[1] He also enjoyed comics as a child.[1] Gaiman was educated at several Church of England schools, including Fonthill School (East Grinstead),[12] Ardingly College (1970–74), and Whitgift School (Croydon) (1974–77).[13] His father's position as a public relations official of the was the cause of the seven-year-old Gaiman being blocked from entering a boys' school, forcing him to remain at the school that he had previously been attending.[11] [14] He lived in East Grinstead for many years, from 1965–1980 and again from 1984–1987.[12] He met his future wife, Mary McGrath, while she was studying Scientology and living in a house in East Grinstead that was owned by his father. The couple were married in 1985 after having their first child, Michael.[11]

Journalism, early writings, and literary influences As a child and a teenager, Gaiman read the works of C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Lewis Carroll, James Branch Cabell, Edgar Allan Poe, Michael Moorcock, Ursula K. Le Guin, Lord Dunsany and G. K. Chesterton.[1] He later became a fan of science fiction, reading the works of authors as diverse as ,[15] Samuel R. Delany, , Robert A. Heinlein, , H. P. Lovecraft, Thorne Smith, and . In the early 1980s, Gaiman pursued journalism, conducting interviews and writing book reviews, as a means to learn about the world and to make connections that he hoped would later assist him in getting published.[1] He wrote and reviewed extensively for the British Fantasy Society.[16] His first professional short story publication was "Featherquest", a fantasy story, in Imagine Magazine in May 1984, when he was 23.[17] When waiting for a train at Victoria Station in 1984, Gaiman noticed a copy of Swamp Thing written by Alan Moore, and carefully read it. Moore's fresh and vigorous approach to comics had such an impact on Gaiman that he would later write; "that was the final straw, what was left of my resistance crumbled. I proceeded to make regular and frequent visits to London's Forbidden Planet shop to buy comics".[15] In 1984, he wrote his first book, a biography of the band Duran Duran, as well as Ghastly Beyond Belief, a book of quotations, with Kim Newman.[1] Even though Gaiman thought he did a terrible job, the book's first edition sold out very quickly. When he went to relinquish his rights to the book, he discovered the publisher had gone bankrupt.[1] [18] After this, he was offered a job by Penthouse. On one side, it was steady income to support his wife and two kids. On the other, it was an adult magazine. He refused the offer.[1] He also wrote interviews and articles for many British magazines, including Knave. As he was writing for different magazines, some of them competing, and "wrote too many articles", he sometimes went by a number of pseudonyms: Gerry Musgrave, Richard Grey, "along with a couple of house names".[19] Gaiman ended his journalism career in 1987 because British newspapers can "make up anything they want and publish it as fact."[20] Neil Gaiman 142

[21] In the late 1980s, he wrote Don't Panic: The Official Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Companion in what he calls a "classic English humour" style. Following on from that he wrote the opening of what would become his collaboration with Terry Pratchett on the comic novel Good Omens, about the impending apocalypse.[22]

Comics and graphic novels After forming a friendship with fellow Englishman and comic book writer Alan Moore,[15] Gaiman started writing comic books, picking up Marvelman after Moore finished his run on the series. Gaiman and artist Mark Buckingham collaborated on several issues of the series before its publisher, Eclipse Comics, collapsed, leaving the series unfinished. His first published comic strips were four short Future Shocks for 2000 AD in 1986–7. He wrote three graphic novels with his favorite collaborator and long-time friend Dave McKean: , , and The Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy of Mr. Punch. Impressed with his work, DC Comics hired him, and he wrote the limited series .[23] Karen Berger, head of DC Comics's Vertigo, read Black Orchid and offered Gaiman a job: to re-write an old character, Sandman, but to put his own spin on him.[1] Gaiman has written numerous comics for several publishers. His award-winning series The Sandman tells the tale of Morpheus, the anthropomorphic personification of Dream. The series began in December 1988 and concluded in March 1996: the 75 issues of the regular series, along with an illustrated prose text and a special containing seven short stories, have been collected into 12 volumes that remain in print (14 if the Death spinoff is taken into account). Artists include Sam Kieth, Mike Dringenberg, and Malcolm Jones III, lettering by Todd Klein, colors by Busch, and covers by Dave McKean.[1] In 1989, Gaiman published The Books of Magic (collected in 1991), a four-part mini-series that provided a tour of the mythological and magical parts of the DC Universe through a frame story about an English teenager who discovers that he is destined to be the world's greatest wizard. The miniseries was popular, and sired an ongoing series written by John Ney Rieber. In the mid-90s, he also created a number of new characters and a setting that was to be featured in a title published by Tekno Comix. The concepts were then altered and split between three titles set in the same continuity: , Mr. Hero the Newmatic Man, and Teknophage.[24] They were later featured in Phage: Shadow Death and Wheel of Worlds. Although Gaiman's name appeared prominently on all titles, he was not involved in writing of any of the above-mentioned books (though he helped plot the zero issue of Wheel of Worlds). Gaiman wrote a semi-autobiographical story about a boy's fascination with Michael Moorcock's anti-hero Elric of Melniboné for Ed Kramer's anthology Tales of the White Wolf. In 1996, Gaiman and Ed Kramer co-edited The Sandman: Book of Dreams. Nominated for the , the original fiction anthology featured stories and contributions by , Clive Barker, Gene Wolfe, Tad Williams, and others. Asked why he likes comics more than other forms of storytelling Gaiman said “One of the joys of comics has always been the knowledge that it was, in many ways, untouched ground. It was virgin territory. When I was working on Sandman, I felt a lot of the time that I was actually picking up a machete and heading out into the jungle. I got to write in places and do things that nobody had ever done before. When I’m writing novels I’m painfully aware that I’m working in a medium that people have been writing absolutely jaw-droppingly brilliant things for, you know, three-four thousand years now. You know, you can go back. We have things like The Golden Ass. And you go, well, I don’t know that I’m as good as that and that’s two and a half thousand years old. But with comics I felt like — I can do stuff nobody has ever done. I can do stuff nobody has ever thought of. And I could and it was enormously fun.”[25] In 2009, Gaiman wrote a two-part Batman story for DC Comics to follow Batman R.I.P. It is titled "Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader?" a play off of the classic story "Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?" by Alan Moore.[26] [27] [28] He also contributed a twelve-page Metamorpho story drawn by Neil Gaiman 143

for Wednesday Comics, a weekly newspaper-style series.[29]

Novels In a collaboration with author Terry Pratchett (best known for his series of Discworld novels), Gaiman's first novel Good Omens was published in 1990. In recent years Pratchett has said that while the entire novel was a collaborative effort and most of the ideas could be credited to both of them, Pratchett did a larger portion of writing and editing if for no other reason than Gaiman's scheduled involvement with Sandman.[30] The 1996 novelization of Gaiman's teleplay for the BBC mini-series was his first solo novel. The novel was released in tandem with the television series though it presents some notable differences from the television series. In 1999 first printings of his fantasy novel Stardust were released. The novel has been released both as a standard novel and in an illustrated text edition. American Gods became one of Gaiman's best-selling and multi-award winning novels upon its release in 2001.[31] In 2005, his novel was released worldwide. The book deals with Anansi ('Mr. Nancy'), a supporting character in American Gods. Specifically it traces the relationship of his two sons, one semi-divine and the other an unaware Englishman of American origin, as they explore their common heritage. It debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.[32] In late 2008, Gaiman released a new children's book, The Graveyard Book. It follows the adventures of a boy named Bod after his family is murdered and he is left to be brought up by a graveyard. It is heavily influenced by Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book. As of late January 2009, it had been on the New York Times Bestseller children's list for fifteen weeks.[33] As of 2008, Gaiman has several books planned. After a tour of China, he decided to write a non-fiction book about his travels and the general mythos of China. Following that, will be a new 'adult' novel (his first since 2005's Anansi Boys). After that, another 'all-ages' book (in the same vein as Coraline and The Graveyard Book). Following that, Gaiman says that he will release another non-fiction book called The Dream Catchers.[34]

Film and screenwriting Gaiman wrote the 1996 BBC dark fantasy television series Neverwhere. He cowrote the screenplay for the movie MirrorMask with his old friend Dave McKean for McKean to direct. In addition, he wrote the localized script to the anime movie Princess Mononoke, based on a translation of the Japanese script. He cowrote the script for Robert Zemeckis's Beowulf with Roger Avary, a collaboration that has proved productive for both writers.[35] Gaiman has expressed interest in collaborating on a film adaptation of the Epic of Gilgamesh.[36] He was the only person other than J. Michael Straczynski to write a Babylon 5 script in the last three seasons, contributing the season five episode "Day of the Dead". Gaiman has also written at least three drafts of a screenplay adaptation of Nicholson Baker's novel The Fermata for director Robert Zemeckis,[37] [38] although the project was stalled while Zemeckis made The Polar Express and the Gaiman-Roger Avary written Beowulf film. Neil Gaiman was featured in the History Channel documentary Comic Book Superheroes Unmasked. Several of Gaiman's original works have been optioned or greenlighted for film adaptation, most notably Stardust, which premiered in August 2007 and stars Robert De Niro, Michelle Pfeiffer and Claire Danes, directed by Matthew Vaughn. A stop-motion version of Coraline was released on 6 February 2009, with Henry Selick directing and Dakota Fanning and Teri Hatcher in the leading voice-actor roles.[39] In 2007 Gaiman announced that after ten years in development the feature film of Death: The High Cost of Living would finally begin production with a screenplay by Gaiman that he would direct for Warner Independent. Don Murphy and Susan Montford are the producers, and Guillermo del Toro is the film's executive producer.[40] [41] Neil Gaiman 144

Seeing Ear Theatre performed two of Gaiman's audio theatre plays, "Snow, Glass, Apples", Gaiman's retelling of Snow White and "", a story of heaven before the Fall in which the first crime is committed. Both audio plays were published in the collection Smoke and Mirrors in 1998. Gaiman's 2009 Newbery Medal winning book The Graveyard Book will be made into a movie, with being announced as the director during Gaiman's appearance on The Today Show, 27 January 2009. Gaiman has confirmed he is writing an episode of the long running science fiction series Doctor Who, for broadcast in 2011 during Matt Smith's second series as the Doctor.[42] [43] Shooting will start in August 2010 for this story whose original title was "The House of Nothing".[44] He has also appeared in an episode of Arthur (TV Series) in series 14 entitled, Falafelosophy.

Blog In February 2001, when Gaiman had completed writing American Gods, his publishers set up a promotional web site featuring a weblog in which Gaiman described the day-to-day process of revising, publishing, and promoting the novel. After the novel was published, the web site evolved into a more general Official Neil Gaiman Website.[45] Gaiman generally posts to the blog several times a week, describing the day-to-day process of being Neil Gaiman and writing, revising, publishing, or promoting whatever the current project is. He also posts reader emails and answers questions, which gives him unusually direct and immediate interaction with fans. One of his answers on why he writes the blog is "because writing is, like death, a lonely business."[46] The original American Gods blog was extracted for publication in the NESFA Press collection of Gaiman miscellany, Adventures in the Dream Trade. To celebrate the 7th anniversary of the blog, the novel American Gods was provided free of charge online for a month.

Personal life

Home and family Gaiman lives near Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States,[47] [48] [49] in an "Addams Family house",[50] and has lived there since 1992. Gaiman moved there to be close to the family of Mary McGrath, his wife at the time, with whom he has three children: Michael, Holly, and Madeleine.[1] [51] Gaiman is married to songwriter and performer Amanda Palmer. The couple publicly announced that they were dating in June 2009,[52] [53] announced their engagement on Twitter on January 1, 2010,[54] and confirmed their engagement on their respective websites two weeks later.[55] [56] On 16 November 2010, Amanda Palmer hosted a flash mob wedding (not legally binding) for Gaiman's birthday in New Orleans.[57] They were legally married on 2 January 2011.[58] The wedding took place in the parlour of writers Ayelet Waldman and Michael Chabon.[59]

Friendship with Tori Amos One of Gaiman's most commented-upon friendships is with the musician Tori Amos, a Sandman fan who became friends with Gaiman after making a reference to "Neil and the Dream King" on her 1991 demo tape, and whom he included as a character (a talking tree) in Stardust.[60] Amos also mentions Gaiman in her songs, "Tear in Your Hand" ("If you need me, me and Neil'll be hangin' out with the dream king. Neil says hi by the way"),[61] "Space Dog" ("Where's Neil when you need him?"),[62] "Horses" ("But will you find me if Neil makes me a tree?"),[63] "" ("Get me Neil on the line, no I can't hold. Have him read, 'Snow, Glass, Apples' where nothing is what it seems"),[64] "Sweet Dreams" ("You're forgetting to fly, darling, when you sleep"),[64] and "Not Dying Today" ("Neil is thrilled he can claim he's mammalian, 'but the bad news,' he said, 'girl you're a dandelion'").[64] He also wrote stories for the tour book of and Scarlet's Walk, a letter for the tour book of American Doll Posse, and Neil Gaiman 145

the stories behind each girl in her album . Amos penned the introduction for his novel Death: the High Cost of Living, and posed for the cover. She also wrote a song called "Sister Named Desire" based on his Sandman character, which was included on his anthology, Where's Neil When You Need Him?. Gaiman is godfather to Tori Amos's daughter Tash,[65] and wrote a poem called "" for Tori and Tash.[66] The poem has been turned into a book by the illustrator Charles Vess.[67] Gaiman read the poem aloud to an audience in Palo Alto on 5 October 2008 during his book reading tour for The Graveyard Book.[68] It was published in March 2009 with the title, Blueberry Girl. S. Alexander Reed has written about the intertextual relationships between Gaiman's and Amos's respective work. Reed does close readings of several of Gaiman's allusions to Amos, arguing that the reference to Amos happens as the texts expand and broaden their focus, and that Amos serves to disrupt the linear flow of the narrative. He reads this disruption in terms of psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan's idea of the mirror stage, arguing that the mutual referentiality serves to create an ideal vision of the reader-as-fan that the actual reader encounters and misrecognizes as themselves, thus drawing the reader into the role of the devoted (and paying) fan. The essay also contains a fairly thorough list of known references in both Gaiman's and Amos's work.[69]

Litigation In 1993, Gaiman was contracted by Todd McFarlane to write a single issue of , a popular title at the newly created company. McFarlane was promoting his new title by having guest authors Gaiman, Alan Moore, , and each write a single issue. In issue #9 of the series, Gaiman introduced the characters , , and Medieval Spawn. Prior to this issue, Spawn was an assassin who worked for the government and came back as a reluctant agent of Hell but had no direction. In Angela, a cruel and malicious angel, Gaiman introduced a character who threatened Spawn's existence, as well as providing a moral opposite. Cogliostro was introduced as a mentor character for exposition and instruction, providing guidance. Medieval Spawn introduced a history and precedent that not all Spawns were self-serving or evil, giving additional character development to , the demon that creates . As intended,[70] all three characters were used repeatedly throughout the next decade by Todd McFarlane within the wider Spawn universe. In papers filed by Gaiman in early 2002, however, he claimed that the characters were jointly owned by their scripter (himself) and artist (McFarlane), not merely by McFarlane in his role as the creator of the series.[71] [72] Disagreement over who owned the rights to a character was the primary motivation for McFarlane and other artists to form Image Comics (although that argument related more towards disagreements between writers and artists as character creators).[73] As McFarlane used the characters without Gaiman's permission or royalty payments, Gaiman believed his copyrighted work was being infringed upon, which violated their original, oral, agreement. McFarlane initially agreed that Gaiman had not signed away any rights to the characters, and negotiated with Gaiman to effectively 'swap' McFarlane's interest in the character Marvelman[74] (McFarlane believes he purchased interest in the character when Eclipse Comics was liquidated; Gaiman is interested in being able to continue his aborted run on that title) but later claimed that Gaiman's work had been work-for-hire and that McFarlane owned all of Gaiman's creations entirely. The presiding Judge, however, ruled against their agreement being work for hire, based in large part on the legal requirement that "copyright assignments must be in writing."[75] The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the district court ruling in February 2004[76] granting joint ownership of the characters to Gaiman and McFarlane. On the specific issue of Cogliostro, presiding Judge John Shabaz proclaimed "The expressive work that is the comic-book character Count Nicholas Cogliostro was the joint work of Gaiman and McFarlane—their contributions strike us as quite equal—and both are entitled to ownership of the copyright".[77] Similar analysis lead to similar results for the other two characters, Angela and Medieval Spawn. This legal battle was brought by Gaiman and the specifically-formed Marvels and Miracles, LLC, which Gaiman created in order to help sort out the legal rights surrounding Marvelman (see the ownership of Marvelman sub-section of the Marvelman article). Gaiman wrote Marvel 1602 in 2003 to help fund this project.[78] All of Neil Gaiman 146

Marvel Comics' profits for the original issues of the series went to Marvels and Miracles.[78] In 2009, Marvel Comics purchased Marvelman.[79] Gaiman returned to court over three more Spawn characters, Dark Ages Spawn, Domina and , that are claimed to be "derivative of the three he co-created with McFarlane.".[80] The original three characters, whose first appearance was never reprinted in Spawn trade paperback collections, are just now appearing printed for the first time. The judge ruled that Gaiman was right in his claims and gave McFarlane until the start of September to settle matters.[81] Gaiman is a major supporter and board member of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund.[82]

Awards

• His film MirrorMask was nominated for the William Shatner Golden Groundhog Award for Best Underground Movie,[83] the other nominated films were Green Street Hooligans, Nine Lives, Up for Grabs and Opie Gets Laid.[84] • Gaiman received a World Fantasy Award for short fiction in 1991 for the Sandman issue, "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (see Dream Country). • He has won the Comics Buyer's Guide Award for Favorite Writer for the years 1991–1993, and received nominations from 1997–2000. His work on The Sandman was awarded the Favourite Comic Book Story for 1991 and 1994. • Gaiman was awarded the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund Defender of Liberty award in 1997.[85] • Good Omens was nominated for the Locus and World Fantasy Awards in 1991[86] • Stardust was nominated for the Locus Award for Best Fantasy [87] Novel 1999, and the illustrated version won the Mythopoeic Neil Gaiman at the 2007 Scream Awards Fantasy Award for Adult Literature 1999.[88] • In 2000, The Sandman: The Dream Hunters was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Related Book[89] and won the Bram Stoker Award for Best Illustrated Narrative.[90] • American Gods won the Hugo Award for Best Novel 2002,[91] the Nebula Award for Best Novel 2002,[91] the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel 2002[92] and the Bram Stoker Award for Best Novel 2001. It is among the most-honored works of fiction in recent history.[93] • Coraline won the Hugo Award for Best Novella 2003, the Nebula Award for Best Novella 2003, the Locus Award for Best Young Adult Book 2003,[94] and the Bram Stoker Award for Best Work for Young Readers 2003.[95] • In 2004, his short story won another Hugo (in a ceremony the author presided over himself, having volunteered for the job before his story was nominated). Also in 2004, The Sandman: Endless Nights won the Bram Stoker Award for Best Illustrated Narrative and The Sandman: Season of Mists won the Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Scenario. • In 2005, Marvel 1602 won the Quill Book Award for Graphic Novels.[96] • Anansi Boys won him a second Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature in 2006, as well as both the British and Locus Fantasy Awards for Best Novel.[97] The book was also nominated for a Hugo Award, but Gaiman asked for it to be withdrawn from the list of nominations, stating that he wanted to give other writers a chance, and it was really more fantasy than science fiction.[98] • Gaiman has won 19 Eisner Awards for his comics work. Neil Gaiman 147

• From the comics fans in the rec.arts.comics* newsgroups, Gaiman won the Squiddy Award for Best Writer five years in a row from 1990 to 1994. He was also named Best Writer of the 1990s in the Squiddy Awards for the decade. • In 2007 he was awarded the Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award.[99] • In 2007 Gaiman was presented with the Comic-Con Icon award at the Scream Awards. • In January 2009, Gaiman's The Graveyard Book was awarded the Newbery Medal.[100] In May, the audio version won two Audies: Children's 8–12 and Audiobook of the year.[101] In June 2009, it was shortlisted for the British Fantasy Award for Best Novel.[102] It received the Hugo Award for Best Novel on 9 August at the 2009 in Montreal where he was also Guest of Honor.[103] [104] On the 18th of November 2009, The Graveyard Book was awarded the Booktrust Teenage Prize. • In April 2010, Gaiman was selected as the Honorary Chair of National Library Week by the American Library Association.[105] • In June 2010 Gaiman was awarded the Carnegie Medal in Literature for his novel, The Graveyard Book.[106] [107] • His story An Invocation of Incuriosity, published in Songs of the Dying Earth, won the 2010 Locus Award for Best Short Story[108]

References in popular culture • In the science-fiction television series Babylon 5, one of the races (The Gaim) is named in homage to Gaiman, and they are similar in appearance to the protagonist (while in full attire, not the anthropomorphic appearance) of Gaiman's series "The Sandman".[109] • In the Star Trek novel How Much for Just the Planet?, the character "Ilen the Magian" is an allusion to Neil Gaiman. • There are two laws named after Gaiman: • Gaiman's First Law: Picking up your first copy of a book you wrote, if there's one typo, it will be on the page that your new book falls open to the first time you pick it up.[110] • Gaiman's Second Law: All scientifically possible technology and social change predicted in science fiction will come to pass, but none of it will work properly.[111] • Gaiman himself made a guest appearance in season 14 of Arthur in the episode "Falafelosophy". • Gaiman is to make a guest appearance on long-running cartoon series The Simpsons in 2011.[43]

Literary allusions Gaiman's work is known for a high degree of allusiveness.[112] Meredith Collins, for instance, has commented upon the degree to which his novel Stardust depends on allusions to Victorian fairy tales and culture.[113] Particularly in The Sandman, literary figures and characters appear often; the character of Fiddler's Green is modelled visually on G.K. Chesterton, both William Shakespeare and Geoffrey Chaucer appear as characters, as do several characters from within A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest. The comic also draws from numerous mythologies and historical periods. Such allusions are not unique to Sandman. Clay Smith has argued that this sort of allusiveness serves to situate Gaiman as a strong authorial presence in his own works, often to the exclusion of his collaborators.[114] However, Smith's viewpoint is in the minority: to many, if there is a problem with Gaiman scholarship and intertextuality it is that "... his literary merit and vast popularity have propelled him into the nascent comics canon so quickly that there is not yet a basis of critical scholarship about his work."[115] David Rudd takes a more generous view in his study of the novel Coraline, where he argues that the work plays and riffs productively on Sigmund Freud's notion of the Uncanny, or the Unheimlich.[116] Neil Gaiman 148

Though Gaiman's work is frequently seen as exemplifying the monomyth structure laid out in Joseph Campbell's The Hero with a Thousand Faces,[117] Gaiman says that he started reading The Hero with a Thousand Faces but refused to finish it: "I think I got about half way through The Hero with a Thousand Faces and found myself thinking if this is true — I don’t want to know. I really would rather not know this stuff. I’d rather do it because it’s true and because I accidentally wind up creating something that falls into this pattern than be told what the pattern is."[118]

Notes [1] Biography Today. Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics. 2010. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-7808-1058-7.

[2] http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/

[3] Author Name Pronunciation Guide – Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. teachingbooks. net/ pronounce. cgi?aid=1433) [4] Comics Buyers Guide #1636 (December 2007), p. 135

[5] Flood, Alison (2010-06-24). "Neil Gaiman wins Carnegie Medal" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2010/ jun/ 24/ neil-gaiman-carnegie-graveyard-book). London: The Guardian. . Retrieved 2010-06-26. [6] Wagner, Hank; Golden, Christopher; Bissette, Stephen R. (2008). "The Interview". Prince of Stories: The Many Worlds of Neil Gaiman. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 447–449. ISBN 9780312387655.

[7] Gaiman, Neil. "journeys end" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2009/ 01/ journeys-end. html), Neil Gaiman's Journal, 16 January 2009 [8] Lancaster, James (2005-10-11). "Everyone has the potential to be great". The Argus (Brighton). pp. 10–11. [9] Lancaster, James (2005-10-11). "Everyone has the potential to be great". The Argus (Brighton). pp. 10–11. David Gaiman quote: "It's not me you should be interviewing. It's my son. Neil Gaiman. He's in the New York Times Bestsellers list. Fantasy. He's flavour of the month, very famous."

[10] / Neil Gaiman Journal- december 20 (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2008_12_01_archive. html)

[11] Goodyear, Dana (2010-01-25). "Kid Goth" (http:/ / www. newyorker. com/ reporting/ 2010/ 01/ 25/ 100125fa_fact_goodyear?currentPage=all). The New Yorker. .

[12] " East Grinstead Hall of Fame — Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. egnet. co. uk/ halloffame/ neilgaiman. htm)", East Grinstead Community Web Site.

[13] " Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. exclusivebooks. com/ features/ authors/ ngaiman. php)". Exclusive Books.

[14] "Head Bars Son Of Cult Man" (http:/ / cosmedia. . cx/ media/ articles/ tim130868. html). The Times: p. 2. 1968-08-13. . "A headmaster has refused the son of a scientologist entry to a preparatory school until, he says, the cult "clears its name". The boy, Neil Gaiman, aged 7, (...) Mr. David Gaiman, the father, aged 35, former South Coast businessman, has become in recent weeks a prominent spokesman in Britain for scientology, which has its headquarters at East Grinstead."

[15] Steven P. Olsen (2005) Neil Gaiman (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=Jc9MaZrG3j8C& pg=PA18& dq=gaiman - moore - friendship&

hl=en& ei=g-cuTfG1DsexhQeA7tHmCg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=3& ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage& q& f=false) p.16-18. The Rosen Publishing Group. Retrieved January 13, 2011

[16] Neil Gaiman – About Neil (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/ about/ biblio/ biblioreviews/ )

[17] Neil Gaiman – About Neil (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/ about/ biblio/ biblioss/ )

[18] Authors at Google - Neil Gaiman interview (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=7LmfCGy_ZLg)

[19] Neil Gaiman – Rumour control (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2009/ 01/ rumour-control. html)

[20] Psychology Today – British Newspapers Make Things Up (http:/ / www. psychologytoday. com/ blog/ the-scientific-fundamentalist/

201001/ british-newspapers-make-things)

[21] Neil Gaiman – Journalism (http:/ / twitter. com/ neilhimself/ statuses/ 8379971068)

[22] Science Fiction Weekly Interview (http:/ / www. scifi. com/ sfw/ issue345/ interview. html) [23] Irvine, Alex (2008). "Black Orchid". In Dougall, Alastair. The Vertigo Encyclopedia. New York: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 32–34. ISBN 0-7566-4122-5. OCLC 213309015.

[24] Teknophage-neilgaiman.info (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. info/ Teknophage)

[25] Ogline, Tim E.; "Myth, Magic and the Mind of Neil Gaiman" (http:/ / www. wildriverreview. com/ 4/ worldvoices-neilgaiman. php), Wild River Review, 20 November 2007.

[26] CCI: DC One Weekend Later – Gaiman on "Batman" (http:/ / www. comicbookresources. com/ ?page=article& id=17463), , 27 July 2008

[27] SDCC '08 – More on Gaiman-Batman with Dan DiDio (http:/ / www. . com/ comics/ 080727-didio-gaiman. html), Newsarama, 27 July 2008

[28] DC at Comic-Con ’08 Mike Marts (http:/ / www. newsarama. com/ common/ media/ video_sdcc. php?videoRef=NA_080722_mike_marts), Newsarama Video, 27 July 2008

[29] Minnick, Remy (January 30, 2009). "Gaiman & Allred on Metamorpho" (http:/ / www. comicbookresources. com/ ?page=article& id=19775). Comic Book Resources. . Retrieved January 31, 2009.

[30] "L Space – Words from the Master" (http:/ / www. lspace. org/ books/ apf/ words-from-the-master. html)

[31] American Gods wins a Hugo! (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/ p/ About_Neil/ Press_Releases/ American_Gods_wins_a_Hugo!) Neil Gaiman 149

[32] "Best-Seller Lists: Hardcover Fiction" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2005/ 10/ 09/ books/ bestseller/ 1009besthardfiction. html). The New York Times (NYTimes.com). October 9, 2005. . Retrieved March 6, 2010.

[33] "Beyond Tea" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2008/ 11/ beyond-tea. html), Neil Gaiman's journal, 19 November 2008

[34] "From Las Vegas" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2008/ 11/ from-las-vegas. html), Neil Gaiman's journal, 6 November 2008

[35] Neil Gaiman and Roger Avary: Shaping Beowulf's story (http:/ / www. stv. tv/ content/ out/ film/ videointerviews/ display.

html?id=opencms:/ out/ films/ video_interviews/ neil_gaiman_roger_avary), video interview with stv.tv [36] Tom Ambrose (December 2007). "He Is Legend". Empire. p. 142.

[37] "Neil Gaiman's Film Work" (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/ p/ Cool_Stuff/ Essays/ Essays_About_Neil/ Neil_Gaiman's_Film_Work). Neil Gaiman. 2007-08-13. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[38] "Neil Gaiman Takes Hollywood" (http:/ / www. ugo. com/ ugo/ html/ article/ ?id=17624). UGO.com. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[39] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0327597/

[40] Sanchez, Robert (2006-08-02). "Neil Gaiman on Stardust and Death: High Cost of Living!" (http:/ / www. iesb. net/ index.

php?option=com_content& task=view& id=105& Itemid=42). IESB.net. . Retrieved 2007-02-25.

[41] Gaiman, Neil (2007-01-09). "The best film of 2006 was..." (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/ journal/ labels/ Death movie. html). Neil Gaiman's Journal. Neil Gaiman. . Retrieved 2007-02-25.

[42] "EXCLUSIVE Neil Gaiman Confirms Doctor Who Episode" (http:/ / www. sfx. co. uk/ 2010/ 02/ 06/

exclusive_neil_gaiman_confirms_doctor_who_episode/ ). SFX. . Retrieved March 17, 2010.

[43] Author Neil Gaiman to guest star on The Simpsons (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ entertainment-arts-12180166) BBC News Retrieved January 13, 2011

[44] Masters, Tim (May 24, 2010). "Neil Gaiman reveals power of writing Doctor Who" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/

entertainment_and_arts/ 10146657. stm). BBC News. . Retrieved May 24, 2010.

[45] Official Neil Gaiman Website (http:/ / neilgaiman. com/ )

[46] Neil Gaiman's journal, 2/11/2008 (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2008/ 02/ m-is-for-mirrors-youll-stare-in-forever. html)

[47] Rabinovitch, Dina (12 December 2005). "A writer's life: Neil Gaiman" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ arts/ main. jhtml?xml=/ arts/ 2005/

12/ 11/ bokgaiman. xml). London: The Telegraph. . Retrieved 2010-05-20.

[48] McGinty, Stephen (25 February 2006). "Dream weaver" (http:/ / living. scotsman. com/ index. cfm?id=290282006). The Scotsman. .

[49] "Neil Gaiman – Biography" (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/ about/ biography/ ). Biography. . Retrieved 2006-06-21.

[50] Richards, Linda (August 2001). "Interview – Neil Gaiman" (http:/ / www. januarymagazine. com/ profiles/ gaiman. html). January Magazine. . "I thought," says Gaiman, "you know, if I'm going to leave England and go to America, I want one of those things that only America can provide and one of those things is Addams Family houses."

[51] "Neil Gaiman's Journal: All Questions, All the Time" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2009/ 04/ all-questions-all-time. html). Journal.neilgaiman.com. 2009-04-11. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[52] Yu, Kathryn (2009-06-04). "Two Lovers" (http:/ / www. spin. com/ gallery/ amanda-palmer-neil-gaiman-perform-together-nyc?page=1#main). Amanda Palmer, Neil Gaiman Perform Together in NYC (SPIN). . Retrieved 2009-06-05.

[53] Gaiman, Neil (1/15/10). "Telling the World: An Official Announcement" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2010/ 01/

telling-world-official-announcement. html). http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com. . Retrieved 2010-01-15.

[54] "Twitter / Amanda Palmer: new years was all that and" (http:/ / twitter. com/ amandapalmer/ status/ 7272917210). Twitter.com. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[55] "Neil Gaiman's Journal: Telling the World: An Official Announcement" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2010/ 01/

telling-world-official-announcement. html). Journal.neilgaiman.com. 2010-01-15. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[56] "blog « amanda palmer" (http:/ / blog. amandapalmer. net/ post/ 336390559/ telling-the-world). Blog.amandapalmer.net. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[57] "blog « amanda palmer: STILL LIFE WITH WEDDING PARTY" (http:/ / blog. amandapalmer. net/ post/ 1597897908/ still-life-with-wedding-party). Blog.amandapalmer.net. 2010-11-17. . Retrieved 2010-11-17. "Neil Gaiman's Journal: The Wedding Mystery

Explained" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2010/ 11/ wedding-mystery-explained. html). Journal.neilgaiman.com. 2010-11-17. . Retrieved 2010-11-17.

[58] Zutter, Natalie. "Amanda Palmer and Neil Gaiman Marry" (http:/ / www. ology. com/ celebs-and-gossip/ amanda-palmer-and-neil-gaiman-marry). Ology Magazine. . Retrieved 4 January 2011.

[59] bleedingcool.com (http:/ / www. bleedingcool. com/ 2011/ 01/ 03/ neil-gaiman-and-amanda-palmers-wedding-in-twitpics/ ), January 3, 2011. [60] Tori Amos, "Tear in Your Hand,"

[61] "Tear In Your Hand" (http:/ / everythingtori. com/ go/ galleries/ view/ 312/ 2/ 31/ ). Everything Tori. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[62] "Space Dog" (http:/ / everythingtori. com/ go/ galleries/ view/ 378/ 3/ 28/ albums). Everything Tori. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[63] "Beauty Queen/ Horses" (http:/ / everythingtori. com/ go/ galleries/ view/ 234/ 1/ 26/ albums). Everything Tori. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[64] "Carbon" (http:/ / everythingtori. com/ go/ galleries/ view/ 220/ 1/ 30/ albums). Everything Tori. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[65] "Neil Gaiman's Journal: listening to unresolving" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2004/ 11/ listening-to-unresolving. asp). Journal.neilgaiman.com. 2004-11-30. . Retrieved 2010-08-02. Neil Gaiman 150

[66] "Neil Gaiman's Journal: Blueberry Girls" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2007/ 07/ blueberry-girls. html). Journal.neilgaiman.com. 2007-07-07. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[67] "News from Green Man Press » Blog Archive » Blueberry Wanderings" (http:/ / greenmanpress. com/ news/ archives/ 185). Green Man Press. 2007-07-06. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[68] "Neil Gaiman's Journal: Chapter Six in San Francisco yesterday" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2008/ 10/

chapter-six-in-san-francisco-yesterday. html). Journal.neilgaiman.com. 2008-10-06. . Retrieved 2010-08-02. [69] Reed, S. Alexander. "Through Every Mirror in the World: Lacan's Mirror Stage as Mutual Reference in the Works of Neil Gaiman and Tori

Amos." ImageTexT 4.1. (http:/ / www. english. ufl. edu/ imagetext/ archives/ v4_1/ reed/ )

[70] See Judge Shabaz's ruling (http:/ / vlex. com/ vid/ 20111002) for the legal reasoning: "As a co-owner, McFarlane was not violating the Copyright Act by unilaterally publishing the jointly owned work, but, as in any other case of conversion or misappropriation, he would have to account to the other joint owner for the latter's share of the profits."

[71] Listen to the "Oral Argument," List of Documents in case: 03-1331 : Gaiman, Neil v. McFarlane, Todd (http:/ / www. ca7. uscourts. gov/

fdocs/ docs. fwx?caseno=03-1331& submit=showdkt& yr=03& num=1331. PD). Retrieved 22 September 2008. [72] See also the official decision by Judge John Shabaz in The United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Nos. 03–1331, 03–1461

(http:/ / vlex. com/ vid/ 20111002). Retrieved 22 September 2008. [73] See Khoury, George, Image Comics: The Road To Independence (TwoMorrows Publishing, 2007), ISBN 1-893905-71-3

[74] See Judge Shabaz's ruling (http:/ / vlex. com/ vid/ 20111002): "A tentative agreement was reached that... Gaiman would exchange his rights in Medieval Spawn and Cogliostro for McFarlane's rights in another comic book character, ."

[75] Judge Shabaz, Official ruling (http:/ / vlex. com/ vid/ 20111002), as per "Schiller & Schmidt, Inc. v. Nordisco Corp., 969 F.2d 410, 413 (7th Cir. 1992)"

[76] Yarbrough (3 October 2002). "Gaiman in Stunning Victory over McFarlane in Spawn Case: Jury Finds for Gaiman on All Counts" (http:/ /

www. comicbookresources. com/ ?page=article& id=1513). Comic Book Resources. . Retrieved 22 September 2008.

[77] See Judge Shabaz's ruling (http:/ / vlex. com/ vid/ 20111002) for similar statements on Angela and Medieval Spawn.

[78] Weiland, Jonah (27 June 2003). "Marvel's "1602" Press Conference" (http:/ / www. comicbookresources. com/ ?page=article& id=2308). Comic Book Resources. . Retrieved 22 September 2008.

[79] Phegley, Kiel (24 July 2009). "CCI: Marvel Acquires Marvelman" (http:/ / www. comicbookresources. com/ ?page=article& id=22206). Comic Book Resources. . Retrieved 24 July 2009.

[80] Treleven, Ed (25 May 2010). "Gaiman takes on McFarlane in Wis. federal court comic book clash" (http:/ / host. madison. com/ wsj/ news/

local/ crime_and_courts/ article_03bae1b4-684e-11df-84dd-001cc4c03286. html). Wisconsin State Journal. . Retrieved 26 May 2010.

[81] Melrose, Kevin (July 21, 2010). "Judge rules Dark Ages Spawn, Domina and Tiffany are derivative characters" (http:/ / robot6.

comicbookresources. com/ 2010/ 07/ judge-rules-dark-ages-spawn-domina-and-tiffany-are-derivative-characters/ ). Robot 6. Comic Book Resources. . Retrieved July 31, 2010.

[82] "Neil Gaiman Talks Sandman, CBLDF on NPR" (http:/ / www. cbldf. org/ articles/ archives/ 000152. shtml). 19 September 2003. . Retrieved 22 September 2008.

[83] von Busack, Richard (8 March 2006). "Sunnyvale" (http:/ / www. metroactive. com/ metro/ 03. 08. 06/ sunnyvale-0610. html). Metroactive. . Retrieved 2009-09-10.

[84] Tyler, Joshua (10 January 2006). "Shatner Gets His Own Award" (http:/ / www. cinemablend. com/ new/

Shatner-Gets-His-Own-Award-2037. html). Cinema Blend. . Retrieved 2009-09-10.

[85] "Neil Gaiman Receives Defender of Liberty Award" (http:/ / www. cbldf. org/ pr/ gaiman-defendliberty. shtml). Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. 1997-11-08. . Retrieved 2008-11-12.

[86] "1991 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1991). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[87] "1999 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1999). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[88] "Mythypoeic Awards — Winners" (http:/ / www. mythsoc. org/ awards/ winners/ ). Mythopoeic Society. . Retrieved 2008-11-12.

[89] "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2000 Hugo Awards" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ SFAwards/ Db/ Hugo2000. html). Locusmag.com. 2000-09-02. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[90] "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2000 Bram Stoker Awards" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ SFAwards/ Db/ Stoker2000. html). Locusmag.com. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[91] "2002 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2002). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[92] Locus Magazine (2002). "Locus Award Winners by Category" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ SFAwards/ Db/ LocusWinsByCategory. html). Locus Magazine. . Retrieved 2008-08-14.

[93] "Honor roll:Fiction books" (http:/ / www. awardannals. com/ wiki/ Honor_roll:Fiction_books). Award Annals. 2007-08-14. . Retrieved 2007-08-14.

[94] Locus Magazine (2003). "Locus Award Winners by Category" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ SFAwards/ Db/ LocusWinsByCategory. html). Locus Magazine. . Retrieved 2008-08-14.

[95] "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2003 Bram Stoker Awards" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ SFAwards/ Db/ Stoker2003. html). Locusmag.com. 2003-06-07. . Retrieved 2010-08-02. Neil Gaiman 151

[96] Quills Foundation (2005). "The Quill Awards: The 2005 Awards" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071228234826/ http:/ / www. thequills.

org/ 2005. html). TheQuills.Org. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. thequills. org/ 2005. html) on 2007-12-28. . Retrieved 2008-02-12.

[97] "2006 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2006). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[98] "Hugo words…" (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/ journal/ 2006/ 08/ hugo-words. html). Neil Gaiman's homepage. 2006-08-27. . Retrieved 2007-04-17.

[99] The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award (http:/ / www. comic-con. org/ cci/ cci_clampett. shtml)

[100] Gaiman's blog, 26 January 2009 (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2009/ 01/ insert-amazed-and-delighted-swearing. html)

[101] "Finally not a bridesmaid actually" (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ 2009/ 05/ finally-not-bridesmaid-actually. html). .

[102] "British Fantasy Awards 2009: the Shortlist!" (http:/ / www. britishfantasysociety. org. uk/ index. php?option=com_content& view=articl

e& id=194& Itemid=35). Britishfantasysociety.org.uk. 2009-08-01. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[103] "The Hugo Awards: 2009 Hugo Award Winners" (http:/ / www. thehugoawards. org/ 2009/ 08/ 2009-hugo-award-winners/ ). 9/8/09. . Retrieved 2009-08-10.

[104] "Neil Gaiman gewinnt den Hugo Award" (http:/ / derstandard. at/ fs/ 1250003492265/ Preise-Neil-Gaiman-gewinnt-den-Hugo-Award) (in German). Der Standard. 14 August 2009. . Retrieved 9 September 2009.

[105] "Neil Gaiman named Honorary Chair of National Library Week" (http:/ / www. ala. org/ ala/ newspresscenter/ news/ pressreleases2009/

october2009/ nlwgaiman_pio. cfm). 2009-10-12. . Retrieved 2010-04-15.

[106] "Neil Gaiman wins children's book prize" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ entertainment_and_arts/ 10404624. stm). BBC News. 2010-06-25. . Retrieved 2010-06-25.

[107] "The CILIP Carnegie & Kate Greenaway Children's Book Awards" (http:/ / www. carnegiegreenaway. org. uk/ 2010awards/ ). 2010-06-25. . Retrieved 2010-06-25.

[108] "2010 Locus Awards Winners" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ News/ 2010/ 06/ 2010-locus-awards-winners/ ). .

[109] "Guide Page: "Interludes and Examinations"" (http:/ / www. midwinter. com/ lurk/ guide/ 059. html#NO). The Lurker's Guide to Babylon 5. 2004-07-13. . Retrieved 2009-12-28.

[110] (http:/ / www. newsfromme. com/ archives/ 2008_02_14. html#014825)

[111] "? Not such a big deal." (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ commentisfree/ 2010/ nov/ 19/ antimatter-not-such-big-deal). The Guardian. 2010-11-19. . Retrieved 2010-11-21. [112] See particularly Rodney Sharkey, James Fleming, and Zuleyha Cetiner-Oktem's articles in ImageTexT's special issue on Gaiman's work:

(http:/ / www. english. ufl. edu/ imagetext/ archives/ v4_1/ #Articles).

[113] Collins, Meredith. "Fairy and Faerie: Uses of the Victorian in Neil Gaiman's and Charles Vess's Stardust." ImageTexT 4.1. (http:/ / www.

english. ufl. edu/ imagetext/ archives/ v4_1/ collins/ )

[114] Smith, Clay. "Get Gaiman?: PolyMorpheus Perversity in Works by and about Neil Gaiman." ImageTexT 4.1. (http:/ / www. english. ufl.

edu/ imagetext/ archives/ v4_1/ smith/ )

[115] A Special Issue on the Works of Neil Gaiman, Introduction (http:/ / www. english. ufl. edu/ imagetext/ archives/ v4_1/ introduction. shtml) [116] Rudd, David "An Eye for an 'I': Neil Gaiman’s Coraline and the Question of Identity" Children’s Literature and Education 39(3), 2008, pp.

159–168 (http:/ / digitalcommons. bolton. ac. uk/ emcs_journals/ 1/ ) [117] See Stephen Rauch, Neil Gaiman's The Sandman and Joseph Campbell: In Search of the Modern Myth, Wildside Press, 2003

[118] The Wild River Review, "Interview with the Dream King" (http:/ / www. wildriverreview. com/ worldvoices-neilgaiman. php)

References • Bender, Hy (1999). The Sandman Companion. New York: Vertigo DC Comics. ISBN 1563896443.

• Neil Gaiman Bibliography (http:/ / www. neilgaimanbibliography. com)

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. comics. org/ search. lasso/ ?sort=chrono& query=Neil+ Gaiman& type=credit) at the Grand Comics Database

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / comicbookdb. com/ creator. php?ID=676) at the Comic Book DB

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. iblist. com/ author23. htm) at the Internet Book List

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0301274/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Neil_Gaiman) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Neil Gaiman 152

External links

• Neil Gaiman's personal web site (http:/ / www. neilgaiman. com/ )

• Neil Gaiman's weblog (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ )

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Arts/ Literature/ Genres/ Fantasy/ Authors/ G/ Gaiman,_Neil/ ) at the Open Directory Project • Works by Neil Gaiman on Open Library at the Internet Archive

• New Yorker profile of Gaiman (http:/ / www. newyorker. com/ reporting/ 2010/ 01/ 25/ 100125fa_fact_goodyear) by Dana Goodyear, January 25, 2010.

• An Evening with Neil Gaiman @ Your Library (http:/ / atyourlibrary. org/ evening-neil-gaiman/ )

• In-depth interview (http:/ / www. prospectmagazine. co. uk/ 2010/ 06/ neil-gaiman-the-prospect-interview/ ): Neil Gaiman in conversation with Tom Chatfield Neil Gaiman bibliography 153 Neil Gaiman bibliography

Neil Gaiman Bibliography

Neil Gaiman autographing a copy of Coraline, National Book Fair, Washington, D.C., 2005 Publishers

This is a bibliography of works by Neil Gaiman.

Works

Comics and graphic novels • Tharg's Future Shocks (collected in The Best of Tharg's Future Shocks, 160 pages, November 2008, ISBN 1-905437-81-1): • "You're Never Alone With a Phone" (with John Hicklenton, in 2000 AD #488, 1986) • "Conversation Piece" (with Dave Wyatt), in 2000 AD #489, 1986) • "I'm a Believer " (with Massimo Belardinelli), in 2000 AD #536, August 1987) • "What's in a Name?" (with Steve Yeowell), in 2000 AD #538, September 1987) • Violent Cases (October 1987) - Gaiman, Neil; McKean, Dave (ill.) (1987). Violent Cases. London: Titan. ISBN 1-85286-372-2. • Outrageous Tales From the Old Testament (Knockabout Comics, November 1987): • "The Book of Judges" (with Mike Matthews) • "Jael and Sisera" (with Julie Hollings) • "Jephitah and his Daughter" (with Peter Rigg) • "Journey to Bethlehem" (with Steve Gibson) • "The Tribe of Benjamin" (with Mike Matthews) • "The Who Came to Dinner" (with Dave McKean) • "The Great Cool Challenge" (with Shane Oakley, in BLAAM! #1, September 1988) • "From Homogenous To Honey" (with and Mark Buckingham, in AARGH!, October 1988) • "Poison Ivy: Pavane" (with Mark Buckingham, in Secret Origins #36, DC Comics, January 1989) • Mr X: "Heartsprings and Watchstops" (with Dave McKean, in A1 #1, May 1989) • "Sloth" (with Bryan Talbot, in Seven Deadly Sins, May 1989) • "Signal to Noise" (with Dave McKean, in The Face #10-17, June 1989-January 1990) • "Fragments" (with pencils by SMS, in Redfox #20, Valkyrie Press, June 1989) • "The Light " (with Nigel Kitching), in Trident #1-8, Trident Comics, August 1989 - October 1990) • "The Riddler: Original Sins" (in Secret Origins Special #1, DC Comics, August 1989) • "The Riddler: When is a Door?" (in Secret Origins Special #1, DC Comics, August 1989) Neil Gaiman bibliography 154

• The Sandman #1-75 (1989–1996, now being reprinted in several volumes as Absolute Sandman in a larger prestige format with additional material): • Preludes and Nocturnes (ISBN 1-56389-011-9) • The Doll's House (ISBN 0-93-028959-5) • Dream Country (ISBN 1-56-389016-X) • Season of Mists (ISBN 1-56-389041-0) • A Game of You (ISBN 1-56-389089-5) • and Reflections (ISBN 1-56-389105-0) • Brief Lives (ISBN 1-56-389138-7) • Worlds' End (ISBN 1-56-389171-9) • The Kindly Ones (ISBN 1-56-389205-7) • The Wake (ISBN 1-56-389279-0) • Black Orchid #1-3 (November 1988-January 1989, tpb, Gaiman, Neil; McKean, Dave (ill.) (1989). Black Orchid. New York: DC Comics. ISBN 0-930289-55-2. ) • Hellblazer #27 (with Dave McKean, DC Comics, March 1990) • Swamp Thing Annual #5[1] (DC Comics, 1990) • Miracleman #17-24 (June 1990-June 1992) - Reprinted as: Gaiman, Neil; Buckingham, Mark (ill.); Truman, Wayne (let.) (1992). Miracleman Book 4: The Golden Age. Forestville, California: Eclipse Books. ISBN 1-56060-168-X. • Miracleman: Apocrypha (includes "The Library of Olympus"), art by Mark Buckingham. Eclipse books 1993. (Miracleman: Apocrypha #1-3, Eclipse Comics, 1991–92) • "Feeders and Eaters" (with Mark Buckingham, in Revolver Horror Special, October 1990) • "Babycakes" (with , in Taboo #4, 1990) • Books of Magic #1-4 (November 1990-February 1991, tpb, Gaiman, Neil, et al. (1993). Books of Magic. New York: DC Comics. ISBN 1-56389-082-8. ): • "I: The Invisible Labyrinth" (art by John Bolton) • "II: The Shadow World" (art by Scott Hampton) • "III: The Land of Summer's Twilight" (art by Charles Vess) • "IV: The Road to Nowhere" (art by Paul Johnson) • "Cover Story" (with , in A1 #5, 1991) • Images Of "Omaha" The Cat Dancer #1 (Kitchen Sink 1992) • Signal to Noise (Dark Horse Comics, 1992) - Gaiman, Neil and McKean, Dave (1992). Signal to Noise. London: VG Graphics. ISBN 0-575-05140-X. note: reprint of 1989 entry • "The Sweeney Todd Penny Dreadful"(with Michael Zulli, insert with Taboo #6, June 1992) • "Blood Monster" (with Nancy O'Connor, in Taboo #6, June 1992) • untitled Sweeney Todd story (with Michael Zulli, in Taboo #7, November 1992) • "Being an Account of the Life and Death of the Emperor Heliogabolus" (1992) (a self-illustrated 14-page 24-hour comic published in Cerebus #147) - Also republished in McCloud, Scott (ed.) (2004). 24 Hour Comics. Thousand Oaks, California: About Comics. ISBN 0-9716338-4-3. Available online.[2] • "Wordsworth" (with art by Dave McKean, in Clive Barker's Hellraiser Book 20, , 1993) • Death: The High Cost of Living #1-3 (with Chris Bachalo) - Gaiman, Neil, et al. (1994). Death: The High Cost of Living. New York: DC Comics. ISBN 1-56389-132-8. • The Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy of Mr. Punch - Gaiman, Neil and McKean, Dave (1994). The Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy of Mr. Punch. New York: Vertigo/DC Comics. ISBN 1-56389-181-6. • The Last Temptation[3] - Gaiman, Neil; Zuli, Michael, and Cooper, Alice (1994). The Last Temptation. Marvel Comics. ISBN 1-56971-455-X. Neil Gaiman bibliography 155

• Angela #1-3 - Gaiman, Neil and Capullo, Greg (1994/1995). Angela. Anaheim, California: Image Comics. ISBN 1-887279-09-1. • Death: The Time of Your Life #1-3 (with Chris Bachalo) - Gaiman, Neil et al. (1997). Death: The Time of Your Life. New York: DC Comics. ISBN 1-56389-319-3. • Stardust (Being A Romance Within The Realm of Faerie) #1-4 - Gaiman, Neil and Vess, Charles (1997-1998). Stardust (Being a Romance Within the Realm of Faerie). New York: Vertigo/DC Comics. ISBN 1-56389-431-9. • Cherry Deluxe #1 - Gaiman, Neil and Welz, Larry (1998). The Innkeeper's Soul. New Mexico: Cherry Comics. • Neil Gaiman's Only the End of the World Again - Neil Gaiman; P. Craig Russell, Troy Nixey, Matthew Hollingsworth (2000). Neil Gaiman's Only the End of the World Again. Oni Press. p. 48pp. ISBN 1-929998-09-0. (reprints story previously serialized in Oni Press' Oni Double Feature #6-8) • Neil Gaiman's Midnight Days (collection of early work with various artists) - Gaiman, Neil and Wagner, Matt (1999). Neil Gaiman's Midnight Days. New York: Vertigo/DC Comics. ISBN 1-56389-517-X. • Green Lantern/Superman: Legend of the Green Flame (previously unpublished scripts, with various artists, prestige format one-shot, DC Comics, 2000) • Harlequin Valentine - Gaiman, Neil and Bolton, John (2001). Harlequin Valentine. Milwaukie, Oregon: Dark Horse Comics. ISBN 1-56971-620-X. • Murder Mysteries - Russell, P. Craig and Gaiman, Neil (2002). Neil Gaiman's Murder Mysteries. Milwaukie, Oregon: Dark Horse Comics. ISBN 1-56971-634-X. • Marvel 1602 #1-8 - Gaiman, Neil and Kubert, Andy (2003). Marvel 1602. New York: Marvel Comics. ISBN 0-7851-1070-4. • Endless Nights - Gaiman, Neil; Klein, Todd; and Fabry, Glenn (2003). Endless Nights. New York: . ISBN 1-4012-0089-3. • "The Price" and "The Daughter of Owls" (with art by Michael Zulli, in Creatures of the Night, Dark Horse Books, 2004) • (with John Romita, Jr., 6-issue limited series, Marvel Comics, hardcover, 2007, ISBN 0-7851-2541-8) • Batman: Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader? (with pencils by , in Batman #686 and #853, collected as hardcover, 128 pages, July 2009, ISBN 1401223036) • Metamorpho (with art by Mike Allred, in Wednesday Comics #1-12, DC Comics, 2009)

Novels • Good Omens - Gaiman, Neil and Pratchett, Terry (1990). Good Omens: The Nice and Accurate Prophecies of Agnes Nutter, Witch. New York: Workman Pub.. ISBN 0-89480-853-2. -- Locus and World Fantasy nominees for Best Novel, 1991[4] • Neverwhere based on Gaiman's script for the BBC miniseries - Gaiman, Neil (1996). Neverwhere. London: BBC Books. ISBN 0-7472-6668-9.. Also available in "Author's Preferred Text" Gaiman, Neil (2006). Neverwhere. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-7553-2280-0. • Stardust - Gaiman, Neil (1999). Stardust. New York: William Morrow. p. 256. ISBN 0-3809-7728-1. -- Locus Fantasy Award nominee, 1999[5] • American Gods - Gaiman, Neil (2001). American Gods. New York: W. Morrow. ISBN 0-380-97365-0. -- Hugo, Nebula, and Locus Fantasy Awards winner, 2002[6] ; British Science Fiction Award nominee, 2001[7] ; British and World Fantasy Award nominee, 2002[6] . • Anansi Boys - Gaiman, Neil (2005). Anansi Boys. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-051518-X. A novel featuring the sons of one of the characters from American Gods. This novel debuted at Number 1 on the New York Times hardback fiction bestseller list. -- British and Locus Fantasy Awards winner, 2006[8] • The Graveyard Book - Gaiman, Neil (2008). The Graveyard Book. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-0530928. -- Won the 2009 Hugo for best novel and is nominated for the British Fantasy and World Fantasy Awards[9] . Neil Gaiman bibliography 156

Juvenile and young adult fiction • The Day I Swapped My Dad for Two Goldfish (1998) - Gaiman, Neil and McKean (ill.) (1998). The Day I Swapped My Dad for Two Goldfish. Clarkston, Georgia: White Wolf Pub.. ISBN 1-56504-199-2. • Coraline (2002) • (picture book illustrated by Dave McKean) (2003) • Melinda (2005) • Mirrormask: A Really Useful Book (Dark Horse Books, 2005) • M is for Magic (2007, a short story collection intended for younger readers containing ten stories from the earlier collections Smoke and Mirrors, and Angels and Visitations, with two previously uncollected stories) • Coraline and Other Stories (2007, containing Coraline and the stories from M is for Magic (Bloomsbury 2007) • (2008) • The Graveyard Book (2008) • Blueberry Girl (picture book illustrated by Charles Vess) (2009) • (picture book with Dave McKean) (Bloomsbury, 2009) • Instructions (a children's illustrated version of the poem "Instructions" with Charles Vess)

Other works (includes works consisting of illustrated text as opposed to comic-book form) • Duran Duran: The Book - Gaiman, Neil (1984). Duran Duran: The First Four Years of the Fab Five. New York: Proteus. ISBN 0-86276-260-X. • Ghastly Beyond Belief: The Science Fiction and Fantasy Book of Quotations - Gaiman, Neil and Newman, Kim (1985). Ghastly Beyond Belief. London: Arrow. ISBN 0-09-936830-7. • Don't Panic: The Official Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Companion (A guide to Douglas Adams' 'trilogy') - Gaiman, Neil (1988). Don't Panic: The Official Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Companion. New York: . ISBN 0-671-66426-3. • Angels and Visitations (a collection of short stories) - Gaiman, Neil et al. (1993). Angels and Visitations: a miscellany. Minneapolis, Minn.: DreamHaven. ISBN 0-9630944-2-4. • Now we are Sick - Gaiman, Neil; Jones, Stephen; and Smith, Andrew (eds.) (1994). Now We Are Sick: An Anthology of Nasty Verse. Minneapolis, Minn.: DreamHaven. ISBN 0-9630944-4-0. • Anthology of Nasty Verse with poems by Alan Moore, , Gene Wolfe, R.A. Lafferty, Terry Pratchett, , Kim Newman, Diana Wynne Jones, etc. • SimCity 2000 (1995). Gaiman wrote the text under the description of the library under the button "Ruminate". (The basic idea came across in the first story in The Sandman: Worlds' End.) • The Sandman: Book of Dreams prose anthology with co-editor Ed Kramer (1996, 1997 British) - Gaiman, Neil & Kramer, Ed (editors) (1996). The Sandman: Book of Dreams. New York: . ISBN 0-06-100833-8. • On Cats and Dogs: Two Tales (1997) (chapbook containing two short stories) • Smoke and Mirrors (a collection of short stories) - Gaiman, Neil (1998). Smoke and Mirrors. New York: Avon Books. ISBN 0-380-97364-2. • Sandman: The Dream Hunters - Gaiman, Neil and Amano, Yoshitaka (ill.) (1999). The Sandman: The Dream Hunters. New York: DC Comics. • Gods & Tulips, Westhampton House 1999. • The Quotable Sandman, DC Comics 2000. • Murder Mysteries: A Play for Voices (Biting Dog Press) (2001) (Limited edition script for the voice play with illustrations by George Walker) Neil Gaiman bibliography 157

• Little Lit: It Was a Dark and Silly Night (with Gahan Wilson), anthology of stories by various writers and artists, edited by Art Spiegelman and Françoise Mouly) - Spiegelman, Art and Mouly, Françoise (2001). Little Lit: Strange Stories for Strange Kids. New York: Joanna Cotler Books. ISBN 0-06-028626-1. • Adventures in the Dream Trade (a miscellany) - Gaiman, Neil (2002). Adventures in the Dream Trade. Framingham, Massachusetts: NESFA Press. ISBN 1-886778-42-6. • Snow, Glass, Apples: A Play for Voices (Biting Dog Press) (2002) (Limited edition script for the voice play with illustrations by George Walker) • A Walking Tour of the Shambles - Gaiman, Neil and Wolfe, Gene (2002). A Walking Tour of the Shambles. Woodstock, Ill.: American Fantasy. ISBN 0-9610352-6-9. • Fragile Things - A collection of short stories and other writings. • InterWorld - A novel cowritten with Michael Reaves • A Screenplay, limited edition, Hill House Publishers 2004. • Shoggoth's Old Peculiar (art by Jouni Koponen), DreamHaven Books 2004. • Who Killed Amanda Palmer - Palmer, Amanda; Neil Gaiman, Kyle Cassidy, Beth Hommel (2009). Who Killed Amanda Palmer: A Collection of Photographic Evidence. New York: Eight Foot Books. ISBN 0615234399. • Stories - An anthology co-edited with Al Sarrantonio (2010) • The Thackery T. Lambshead Pocket Guide to Eccentric & Discredited Diseases (Night Shade Books) (2003) (Anthology, wrote one article)

Audio • Warning: Contains Language (stories read by Gaiman, music by McKean) - Gaiman, Neil (1995). Warning: Contains Language sound recording. DreamHaven Inc.. ISBN 0-9630944-7-5. • Signal to Noise (2000) (audio drama with full cast and music) • Neil Gaiman: Live at the Aladdin, (video). CBLDF 2001. • American Gods (read by George Guidall) - Gaiman, Neil and Guidall, George, voice (2001). American Gods sound recording. Prince Frederick, Maryland: Recorded Books. ISBN 0-7887-9473-6. • Coraline (2002) (US ed. read by Gaiman, UK ed. by Dawn French) - American edition: Gaiman, Neil (2002). Coraline sound recording. New York: Harper Children's Audio. ISBN 0-06-051048-X. • Two Plays for Voices (Snow, Glass, Apples and Murder Mysteries with full cast & music) - Gaiman, Neil and voice cast (2002). Two Plays for Voices sound recording. New York: Harper Audio. ISBN 0-06-001256-0. • Featuring the voices of Bebe Neuwirth, Martin Carey, Brian Dennehy, and Anne Bobby. • Stardust (2006) (read by Neil Gaiman) unabridged sound recording. ISBN 0061153923 • Telling Tales (2003) (Neil tells us stories: A Writer's Prayer; Harlequin Valentine; Boys and Girls Together; The Wedding Present, and In The End. Percussion by Robin Adnan Anders) • The Neil Gaiman Audio Collection (2004) (Children's stories: "Wolves in the Walls", "Day I Swapped my Dad for Two Goldfish", "Cinnamon", "Crazy Hair") • Speaking in Tongues (2005) (contains "Daughter of Owls", "Instructions", "The Price", "The Sea Change", and "The Facts in the Case of the Disappearance of Miss Finch." • Where's Neil When You Need Him? (2006) (Seventeen bands wrote songs based on Neil's work for this disc. Dave McKean created the artwork and Neil wrote the liner notes) • Mr Gaiman's song-writing and collaboration is also featured on: • Alice Cooper's The Last Temptation • The Flash Girls' The Return of Pansy Smith & Violet Jones, Maurice & I and Play Each Morning Wild Queen • Folk UnderGround's Buried Things and Get Y' Hands Off Me Booty! • Lorraine-a-Malena's Mirror, Mirror • One Ring Zero's As Smart As We Are • The MirrorMask soundtrack "If I Apologised" Neil Gaiman bibliography 158

• Gaiman has also been mentioned in albums by Tori Amos • Fragile Things, (2006) (audio book, read by Gaiman) (Citation information taken from WorldCat.)

Film and television • Neverwhere (1996) A BBC miniseries conceived by Gaiman and Lenny Henry; story and screenplay by Gaiman. • Princess Mononoke (1997) Gaiman adapted the script for the Miramax English dub. • The episode "Day of the Dead" from the fifth season of Babylon 5 (1998) Written by Neil Gaiman. • A Short Film About John Bolton (2003) Written and directed by Gaiman. • MirrorMask (2005) Story written by Gaiman and Dave McKean, screenplay by Gaiman. • Stardust (2007) Screenplay by Jane Goldman and Matthew Vaughn, adapted from Gaiman's novel • Beowulf (2007) Original screenplay written by Roger Avary and Gaiman. • Coraline (2009) Screenplay by Henry Selick, adapted from Gaiman's novel. • Doctor Who, 1 episode (2011) [10]

Notes [1] featuring Brother Power the Geek

[2] "Being An Account of the Life and Death of the Emperor Heliogabolus" (http:/ / www. holycow. com/ dreaming/ stories/ being-an-account-of-the-life-and-death-of-the-emperor-heliogabolous). Holycow.com. . Retrieved 2010-10-10. [3] storyline based on Alice Cooper's album The Last Temptation, co-plotted and written by Gaiman and Alice Cooper

[4] "1991 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1991). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[5] "1999 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1999). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[6] "2002 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2002). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[7] "2001 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2001). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[8] "2006 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2006). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[9] "2009 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2009). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[10] "Neil Gaiman reveals power of writing Doctor Who" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ entertainment_and_arts/ 10146657. stm). BBC. 2010-05-24. .

References

• Neil Gaiman Bibliography (http:/ / www. neilgaimanbibliography. com)

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. comics. org/ search. lasso/ ?sort=chrono& query=Neil+ Gaiman& type=credit) at the Grand Comics Database

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / comicbookdb. com/ creator. php?ID=676) at the Comic Book DB

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Neil_Gaiman) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. iblist. com/ author23. htm) at the Internet Book List

• Neil Gaiman (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0301274/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Works by or about Neil Gaiman (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-n90-640849) in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Nick Hornby 159 Nick Hornby

Nick Hornby

Nick Hornby, 2009

Born 17 April 1957Redhill, Surrey, England

Occupation Writer, Editor

Nationality English

Period 1992–present

Genres Fiction, Non-fiction

Nick Hornby (born 17 April 1957) is an English novelist, essayist and screenwriter. He is best known for the novels High Fidelity, About a Boy, and for the football memoir Fever Pitch. His work frequently touches upon music, sports, and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists.

Life and career Hornby was born in Redhill, Surrey, England. He was brought up in Maidenhead, and educated at Maidenhead Grammar School and Jesus College, Cambridge. His parents divorced when he was 11. Hornby has been married twice. He and his first wife have one son, born in 1992, who has autism. Hornby's second wife is producer Amanda Posey. They have two sons, born in 2003 and 2005. Hornby's sister, Gill, is married to writer Robert Harris.[1] Hornby's first published book, 1992's Fever Pitch, is an autobiographical story detailing his fanatical support for Arsenal Football Club. As a result, Hornby received the William Hill Sports Book of the Year Award. In 1997, the memoir was adapted for film in the UK, and in 2005 an American remake was released, following Jimmy Fallon's character's obsession with the Boston Red Sox. With the book's success, Hornby began to publish articles in , Time Out and the Times Literary Supplement, in addition to his music reviews for the New Yorker. High Fidelity — his second book and first novel — was published in 1995. The novel, about a neurotic record collector and his failed relationships, was adapted into a 2000 film starring John Cusack, and a Broadway musical in 2006. His second novel, About a Boy, published in 1998, is about two "boys" – Marcus, an awkward yet endearing adolescent from a single-parent family, and the free-floating, mid-30s Will Freeman, who overcomes his own immaturity and self-centeredness through his growing relationship with Marcus. Hugh Grant and Nicholas Hoult starred in the 2002 film version. In 1999, Hornby received the E. M. Forster Award of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Nick Hornby 160

Hornby's next novel, How to Be Good, was published in 2001. The female protagonist in the novel explores contemporary morals, marriage and parenthood. It won the W.H. Smith Award for Fiction in 2002. Part of the money he earned with his next book, Speaking with the Angel in 2002, was donated to TreeHouse, a charity for children with autism, the disorder that affects Hornby's own son. He was editor of the book, which contained twelve short stories written by his friends. He also contributed to the collection with the story "NippleJesus".[2] In 2003, Hornby wrote a collection of essays on selected popular songs and the emotional resonance they carry, called 31 Songs (known in the US as Songbook). Also in 2003, Hornby was awarded the London Award 2003, an award that was selected by fellow writers.[3] Hornby has also written essays on various aspects of popular culture, and in particular, he has become known for his writing on pop music and mix tape enthusiasts. He also began writing a book review column, "Stuff I've Been Reading", for the monthly magazine The Believer that ran through September 2008; all of these articles are collected between The Polysyllabic Spree (2004), Housekeeping vs. The Dirt (2006), and Shakespeare Wrote for Money (2008). Hornby's novel A Long Way Down was published in 2005. It was on the shortlist for the Whitbread Novel Award. Hornby has also edited two sports-related anthologies: My Favourite Year and The Picador Book of Sports Writing. Hornby's book Slam was released on 16 October 2007; it is his first novel for young adults and was recognized by the Young Adult Library Services Association as a 2008 Best Book for Young Adults. The protagonist of Slam is a 16-year-old skateboarder named Sam whose life changes drastically when his girlfriend gets pregnant. In October 2008, on the podcast Jordan, Jesse, Go!, Hornby helped to name both a miniature and full-sized horse for two different Americans.[4] In November 2008, Hornby came No. 4 in The Times list of the "50 Worst Famous Football Fans". He was credited for, amongst other things, the fact that one is now likely to be sitting next to a solicitor at a football match.[5] Hornby released his latest novel titled Juliet, Naked in September 2009. On the same wavelength as his first novel High Fidelity, the book is about a reclusive '80s rock star who is forced out of isolation when the re-release of his most famous album brings him into contact with some of his most passionate fans. This synopsis was revealed to The Guardian newspaper as part of "What not to miss in 2009: books".[6]

Adaptations

Film Several of Hornby's books have made the jump from page to screen. Hornby wrote the screenplay for the first, a 1997 British adaptation of Fever Pitch, starring Colin Firth. It was followed by High Fidelity in 2000, starring John Cusack; this adaptation was notable in that the action was shifted from London to Chicago. After this success, About a Boy was quickly picked up, and released in 2002, starring Hugh Grant. An Americanized Fever Pitch, in which Jimmy Fallon plays a hopelessly addicted Boston Red Sox fan who tries to reconcile his love of the game with that of his girlfriend (Drew Barrymore), was released in 2005. Johnny Depp purchased film rights to the book A Long Way Down before it was published. In 2009, Hornby himself adapted An Education for the screen,[7] a feature film starring Peter Sarsgaard and Carey Mulligan. He was nominated for an Oscar for writing the screenplay. Nick Hornby 161

Internet After the release of "Songbook", McSweeney's accepted online submissions from authors writing about their favorite songs in the same manner as Hornby. These submissions were posted to the McSweeney's website.[8] Additionally, The Blue Scarf [9] is a blog adaptation of Hornby's collection. Australian satirist Matt Egan from Mortdale cites Hornby's work as being a main source of inspiration for his work [10].

Stage High Fidelity was also the basis for a 2006 eponymous musical that shifted the action to Brooklyn; its book is by David Lindsay-Abaire, with lyrics by Amanda Green and music created by Tom Kitt. The production ran for a month in Boston, then moved to Broadway, closing after 18 previews and 14 regular performances.

Music The importance of music in Hornby's novels, and in his life, is evidenced by his long-standing and fruitful collaborations with the rock band Marah, fronted by Dave and Serge Bielanko. Hornby has even toured in the United States and Europe with the band, joining them on stage to read his essays about particular moments and performers in his own musical history which have had a particular meaning for him. The band typically follows each of Hornby's essays, about subjects including Bob Marley, Rory Gallagher and The Clash, by playing a song by each of those artists. Hornby and Marah (whose small but intensely dedicated band of fans also includes Stephen King and Bruce Springsteen) have worked together on this project over time, and together put on a show of all the essays and songs, concluding with his essay about Marah themselves, and followed by a full concert of the band's own songs. One of the main characters in Hornby's A Long Way Down, a down on his luck rock singer delivering pizzas in north London and considering suicide on New Year's Eve, is widely supposed to have been inspired by Serge Bielanko's own experiences in London. Hornby's music criticism (most notably for The New Yorker and in his own Songbook) has been widely criticised by writers such as Kevin Dettmar (in his book Is Rock Dead), Curtis White (in an essay at www.centreforbookculture.org, titled "Kid Adorno"),[11] Barry Faulk and Simon Reynolds for his embrace of rock traditionalism and conservative take on post-rock and other experimental musics (exemplified in Hornby's negative review of the Radiohead album Kid A: "Beyond the Pale," New Yorker, 30 October 2000). Hornby also has had extensive collaboration with American singer/songwriter Ben Folds. Their album Lonely Avenue was released in September 2010. Folds wrote the music, with Hornby contributing lyrics. Prior to the album's release, "Picture Window", was released on Ben Folds' website.[12] A bootleg version of a song [13] about Levi Johnston written by Hornby and Folds and performed by Folds, appeared on the internet.[14]

Bibliography

Novels • (1995) High Fidelity • (1998) About a Boy • (2001) How to Be Good • (2005) A Long Way Down • (2007) Slam • (2009) Juliet, Naked Nick Hornby 162

Short Stories • (1998) Faith • (2000) Not a Star • (2005) Otherwise Pandemonium

Non-fiction • (1992) Contemporary American Fiction ISBN 0312042132 • (1992) Fever Pitch ISBN 0-14-029344-2 • (2003) 31 Songs ISBN 0-14-101340-0 (Also published as Songbook in the US, ISBN 1-57-322356-5) • (2004) The Polysyllabic Spree ISBN 1-932416-24-2 • (2006) Housekeeping vs. the Dirt ISBN 1-932416-59-5 • (2008) Shakespeare Wrote for Money ISBN 1-934781-29-0

Anthologies edited • (1993) My Favourite Year: A Collection of Football Writing ISBN 0-7538-1441-2 • (1996) The Picador Book of Sportswriting ISBN 0-330-33133-7 • (2000) Speaking with the Angel ISBN 0-14-029678-6 • (2005) Otherwise Pandemonium ISBN 0-14-102251-5

Film adaptations • 1997 Fever Pitch — directed by David Evans; screenplay by Nick Hornby • 2000 High Fidelity — directed by Stephen Frears • 2002 About a Boy — directed by Chris and Paul Weitz • 2005 Fever Pitch — directed by Bobby and Peter Farrelly • 2009 An Education — directed by Lone Scherfig, screenplay Hornby

References [1] Hornby, Nick (2006) The Polysyllabic Spree Viking, ISBN 978-0-670-91666-5

[2] Interview at failbetter.com (http:/ / www. failbetter. com/ 09/ HornbyInterview. htm)

[3] Hornby wins London literary award, BBC News (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ entertainment/ 3305129. stm)

[4] Jordan, Jesse, Go! Podcast, Episode 76, 14 October 2008 (http:/ / www. maximumfun. org/ blog/ 2008/ 10/ podcast-jjgo-ep-76-chick-positive. html)

[5] The Times – "50 Worst Famous Football Fans", 26 November 2008 (http:/ / www. timesonline. co. uk/ tol/ sport/ football/ premier_league/

article5232268. ece?token=null& offset=0& page=1)

[6] "What not to miss in 2009: books", The Guardian UK (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2008/ dec/ 30/ best-books-2009)

[7] Nick Hornby "Nick Hornby on An Education" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ culture/ film/ 6388191/ Nick-Hornby-on-An-Education. html), Daily Telegraph, 23 October 2009

[8] McSweeney's website (http:/ / www. mcsweeneys. net/ links/ song/ )

[9] http:/ / www. thebluescarf. com

[10] http:/ / matteganfrommortdale. blogspot. com/

[11] "Kid Adorno" (http:/ / www. dalkeyarchive. com/ article/ show/ 84)Story) archived here

[12] "Picture Window" at Ben Folds web site (http:/ / www. benfolds. com/ news/ new-song-demo-picture-window)

[13] http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=cqLelPLm9gI

[14] Ben Folds & Levi Johnson song at Buzzfeed (http:/ / www. buzzfeed. com/ peggy/ ben-folds-levi-johnston-song/ ) Nick Hornby 163

Further reading • "Inarticulate Expression of Love" [radio transcript]. 2008. In Talking to Kinky and Karlheinz – 170 musicians get vocal on The Music Show ed. Anni Heino, 186–193. Sydney: ABC Books. ISBN 9780733320088.

• O’Brien, C. (1 October 2001). "About a teenager" (http:/ / www. timesonline. co. uk/ tol/ life_and_style/ men/

article2561972. ece). Men (The Times). Retrieved 3 October 2007.

External links

• US Official site (http:/ / www. nicksbooks. com/ ) from publisher Penguin Books

• Nick Hornby (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0394984/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• 2007 audio interview with Hornby (http:/ / www. maximumfun. org/ blog/ 2007/ 11/ podcast-nick-hornby. html) on Public Radio International program The Sound of Young America

• BBC News 2002: Movie hype helps Hornby (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ entertainment/ arts/ 1951276. stm)

• Interview with Hornby (http:/ / www. npr. org/ templates/ story/ story. php?storyId=4704582) on NPR's Fresh Air (15 June 2005)

• 2003 Q&A with author (http:/ / www. failbetter. com/ 09/ HornbyInterview. php)

• Interview with Hornby (http:/ / www. npr. org/ templates/ story/ story. php?storyId=1143506) on NPR's Fresh Air (26 September 1995)

• Nick Hornby (http:/ / www. contemporarywriters. com/ authors/ ?p=auth51) at Contemporary Writers

• Video: Nick Hornby w/ Marah – London 4/06/06 (http:/ / marahvideos. blogspot. com/ 2007/ 04/

marah-w-nick-hornby-at-dingwalls-in. html)

• Unofficial Fan Site (http:/ / www. nicksfans. com/ ) Nina Kiriki Hoffman 164 Nina Kiriki Hoffman

Nina Kiriki Hoffman

Nina Kiriki Hoffman in 2006

Born March 20, 1955San Gabriel, California

Occupation author

Nationality American

Period 1975–present

Genres fantasy, science fiction, horror, young adult

Notable work(s) The Thread That Binds the Bones Spirits That Walk in Shadow

[1] Notable award(s) Bram Stoker Award for first novel, 1993

Nina Kiriki Hoffman (born 20 March 1955, San Gabriel, California) is an American fantasy, science fiction and horror writer.[2] [3]

Profile Hoffman started publishing short stories in 1975. Her first nationally published short story appeared in Asimov's Science Fiction magazine in 1983. She has since published over 200 in various anthologies and magazines. Her short story, "A Step Into Darkness" (1985), was one of the winners of the L. Ron Hubbard award and was published in the first of the Writers of the Future anthologies. Her second collection of short stories, Courting Disasters and Other Strange Affinities, was nominated for the 1992 Locus Award for best collection of the year. Her novella '"Unmasking", published in 1992 by Axolotl Press was a finalist for the 1993 World Fantasy Award. Her novella "Haunted Humans" (seen in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, July 1994) was a finalist for the 1995 Nebula Award for Best Novella and on the same ballot her novelette "The Skeleton Key" was shortlisted for the Nebula Award for Best Novelette. Her short story "Trophy Wives" won the 2008 Nebula Award for Best Short Story.[4] Her first novel, The Thread That Binds the Bones, won the Bram Stoker Award for first novel. Other novels include The Silent Strength of Stones (a sequel to Thread), A Fistful of Sky, and A Stir of Bones. Her best known works are set in the Pacific Northwest and Southern California, and involve people (often entire families) with magical talents. The stories have invited comparison to Zenna Henderson and Ray Bradbury's stories on similar themes. Nina Kiriki Hoffman 165

She has been shortlisted, awarded and finalist for awards for novella, novelette, novel, fantasy novel, adult literature, work for younger readers, young adult books, and children's literature for the Nebula, Locus, World Fantasy Award, the Award, the HOMer award from CompuServe, the , the Mythopoeic Society Award, the James Tiptree Jr. Award and the Philip K. Dick Award. Her brother is the musician Kristian Hoffman. She lives in Eugene, Oregon with her cats. She is a member of the Wordos writers' group.

Bibliography

Novels • Child of an Ancient City (with Tad Williams) 1992 • The Thread That Binds the Bones (winner of the Bram Stoker Award for First Novel) 1993 • The Silent Strength of Stones (Nebula Award and World Fantasy Award Finalist) 1995 • Body Switchers from Outer Space (#14 in R.L. Stine's " Ghosts of Fear Street" series) 1996 • Why I'm Not Afraid of Ghosts (#23 in R.L. Stine's "Ghosts of Fear Street" series) 1997 • I Was A Sixth Grade Zombie (#30 in R.L. Stine's "Ghosts of Fear Street" series) 1998 • Echoes (Star Trek Voyager #15) (with and Dean Wesley Smith) 1998 • Third Wheel (part of the Sweet Valley Jr. High series) as "Jamie Suzanne" (1999) • A Red Heart of Memories (World Fantasy Award Finalist) (1999) • Past the Size of Dreaming (2001) • A Fistful of Sky (2002) • A Stir of Bones (2003) • Catalyst: A Novel of Alien Contact (Philip K. Dick Award nominee) (2006) • Spirits That Walk in Shadow (2006) • Fall of Light (2009) • Thresholds (2010, forthcoming)

Short stories, novellas and novellettes; short story collections • Legacy of Fire (Author's Choice Monthly #14) 1990 • Courting Disasters and Other Strange Affinities (1991) • Unmasking (novella) (World Fantasy Award Finalist) (1992) • "Skeleton Key" (novelette) (Nebula Award Finalist) (1993) • "Haunted Humans" (novella) (Nebula Award Finalist) (1994) • Common Threads (collection published in limited release by Hypatia Press) (1995) • "Home for Christmas" (novella) (World Fantasy Award Finalist) (1995) • Time Travelers, Ghosts, and Other (2003) • Trophy Wives (Nebula Award Finalist) 2008 • in the Memories Market [5] Clarkesworld Magazine, June 2010 Nina Kiriki Hoffman 166

Award nominations • 1985 "A Step Into Darkness" (short story) Writers of the Future 1st quarter: 1985 Hubbard • 1991 Courting Disasters and Other Strange Affinities (collection): 1992 Locus • 1992 Unmasking (novella): 1993 World Fantasy • 1993 "The Skeleton Key" (novelette): 1995 Nebula • 1993 The Thread That Binds the Bones (first novel): 1994 Stoker Winner • 1993 The Thread that Binds the Bones fantasy novel: 1994 Locus • 1994 "Haunted Humans" (novella): 1995 Nebula • 1994 "Haunted Humans" (novella): 1995 Locus • 1994 "Haunted Humans" (novella): 1995 HOMer • 1995 "Home for Christmas" (novelette): 1996 Nebula • 1995 "Home for Christmas" (novella): 1996 World Fantasy • 1995 "Home for Christmas" (short fiction): 1996 Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award shortlist • 1995 "Home for Christmas" (novelette): 1996 HOMer • 1995 The Silent Strength of Stones (novel): 1996 World Fantasy • 1995 The Silent Strength of Stones (fantasy novel): 1996 Locus/6 • 1995 The Silent Strength of Stones (novel): 1997 Nebula • 1996 "Airborn" (novella): 1997 HOMer • 1999 A Red Heart of Memories (novel): 2000 World Fantasy • 1999 A Red Heart of Memories (fantasy novel): 2000 Locus • 1999 A Red Heart of Memories finalist: 2000 Endeavour • 2001 Past the Size of Dreaming (fantasy novel): 2002 Locus • 2001 Past the Size of Dreaming finalist: 2002 Endeavour • 2002 A Fistful of Sky (fantasy novel): 2003 Locus • 2002 A Fistful of Sky (adult literature): 2003 Mythopoeic • 2002 A Fistful of Sky short list: 2004 Tiptree • 2003 A Stir of Bones (work for younger readers): 2004 Stoker • 2003 A Stir of Bones (young adult book): 2004 Locus • 2003 A Stir of Bones finalist: 2004 Endeavour • 2003 Time Travelers, Ghosts, and Other Visitors finalist: 2004 Endeavour • 2006 Catalyst finalist: 2007 Philip K. Dick • 2006 Spirits That Walk in Shadow (young adult book): 2007 Locus • 2006 Spirits That Walk in Shadow finalist: 2007 Endeavour • 2006 Spirits That Walk in Shadow (children's literature): 2007 Mythopoeic

References

[1] "Award Annals Database: Nina Kiriki Hoffman" (http:/ / www. awardannals. com/ wiki/ Nina_Kiriki_Hoffman). .

[2] "Nina Kiriki Hoffman" (http:/ / www. bookrags. com/ Nina_Kiriki_Hoffman). BookRags.com. .

[3] "Biography of Nina Kiriki Hoffman" (http:/ / biography. jrank. org/ pages/ 1605/ Hoffman-Nina-Kiriki-1955. html). biography.jrank.org. .

[4] "Science Fiction Awards Watch: 2009 Nebula Awards" (http:/ / www. sfawardswatch. com/ ?p=1857). .

[5] http:/ / clarkesworldmagazine. com/ hoffman_06_10

External links

• Susan O'Fearna's comprehensive bibliography (http:/ / ofearna. us/ books/ hoffman. html)

• Nina Kiriki Hoffman (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Nina_Kiriki_Hoffman) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Nina Kiriki Hoffman 167

• Brief profile (http:/ / www. wheatlandpress. com/ polyphony/ authors/ nkhoffman. html) at Wheatland Press website

• Interview (http:/ / www. strangehorizons. com/ 2003/ 20031124/ hoffman. shtml) at Strange Horizons

• Interview (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ 2002/ Issue06/ Hoffman. html) at Locus

Orson Scott Card

Orson Scott Card

Card at a science fiction and fantasy symposium at Brigham Young University in 2008.

Born August 24, 1951Richland, Washington, U.S.

Occupation Novelist, English professor

Genres Science fiction, Fantasy, Horror, LDS fiction

Notable work(s) Ender's Game series, The Tales of Alvin Maker

[1]

Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951)[2] is an American author, critic, public speaker and political activist. He writes in several genres, but is primarily known for his science fiction. His novel Ender's Game (1985) and its sequel (1986) both won Hugo[3] [4] and Nebula[3] [5] Awards, making Card the only author to win both of American science fiction's top prizes in consecutive years. He is also known as a political commentator and as an advocate for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Early life Card is the son of Willard and Peggy Card, one of six children and the older brother of Arlen Card[6] [7] . Card was born in Richland, Washington, and grew up in Santa Clara, California as well as Mesa, Arizona and Orem, Utah. He served as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Brazil and graduated from Brigham Young University and the ; he also spent a year in a Ph.D. program at the University of Notre Dame. Card lives in Greensboro, North Carolina,[6] an environment that has played a significant role in Ender's Game and many of his other works. Orson Scott Card 168

Career Card began his writing career primarily as a poet, studying with Clinton F. Larson at Brigham Young University. During his studies as a theatre major, he began "doctoring" scripts, adapting fiction for readers theatre production, and finally writing his own one-act and full-length plays, several of which were produced by faculty directors at BYU. He also explored fiction writing, beginning with stories that eventually evolved into The Worthing Saga. After returning to Provo, Utah from his LDS mission in Brazil, Card started the Utah Valley Repertory Theatre Company, which for two summers produced plays at "the Castle," a Depression-era outdoor amphitheater behind the state mental hospital in Provo; his company's were the first plays ever produced there. Meanwhile, he took part-time employment as a proofreader at BYU Press, then made the jump to full time employment as a copy editor. In 1976, in the midst of a paid acting gig in the Church's musical celebrating America's Bicentennial, he secured employment as an assistant editor at the Church's official magazine, Ensign, and moved to Salt Lake City. It was while working at Ensign that Card published his first piece of fiction. His short story "Gert Fram" appeared in the July 1977 fine arts issue of that magazine under the pseudonym Byron Walley.

Science fiction He first wrote the short story "Ender's Game" while working at the BYU press, and submitted it to several publications. The idea for the later novel, of the same title came from the short story about a school where boys can fight in space. It was eventually purchased by Ben Bova at Analog Science Fiction and Fact and published in the August 1977 issue. Meanwhile, he started writing half-hour audioplays on the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the New Testament, and other subjects for Living Scriptures in Ogden, Utah; on the basis of that continuing contract, some freelance editing work, and a novel contract for Hot Sleep and A Planet Called Treason, he left Ensign and began supporting his family as a freelancer. He completed his master's degree in English at the University of Utah in 1981 and began a doctoral program at the University of Notre Dame, but the recession of the early 1980s caused the flow of new book contracts to temporarily dry up. He returned to full-time employment as the book editor for Compute! magazine in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1983. In October of that year, a new contract for the Alvin Maker "trilogy" (now up to 6 books) allowed him to return to freelancing. Ender's Game and its sequel Speaker for the Dead were both awarded the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award, making Card the only author (as of 2009) to win both of science fiction's top prizes in consecutive years. Card continued the series with Xenocide, Children of the Mind, Ender's Shadow, Shadow of the Hegemon, , " in the Enderverse", Shadow of the Giant, the 2007 release of A War of Gifts, and the 2008 release of Ender in Exile, a book that takes place after Ender's Game and before Speaker for the Dead. Card has also announced his plan to write Shadows in Flight, a book that connects the "Shadow" series and "Speaker" series together. In 2008 Card announced that Ender's Game would be made into a movie, but that he did not have a director lined up. (Wolfgang Petersen had previously been scheduled to direct the movie but has since moved on to other projects.) It was to be produced by Chartoff Productions, and Card was writing the screenplay himself.[8] Other works include the alternate histories The Tales of Alvin Maker, Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus, The Homecoming Saga, and Hidden Empire, a story about a near-future civil war in the United States, based on the Live Arcade video game . He collaborated with artist Doug Chiang on and with Kathryn H. Kidd on . Orson Scott Card 169

Other genres He has since branched out into other areas of fiction with novels such as , and Enchantment. Other works include the novelization of the James Cameron film The Abyss and the comic book Ultimate for Marvel Comics' Ultimate Marvel Universe series. Outside the published fiction world, Card contributed dialog to at least three video games: Loom, The Secret of Monkey Island and The Dig in the early 1990s.[9] In 2000, Card published the first novel in The series. This series explores the lives of the principal women mentioned in the first book of the Bible and includes Sarah (2000), (2002), and (2004). In the fall of 2005, Card also launched Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show.[10] He edited the first two issues, but found that the demands of teaching, writing, and directing plays for his local church theatre group made it impossible to respond to writers' submissions in a timely manner; former Card student and experienced freelance writer and editor Schubert took over as editor on June 1, 2006. The dialog and screenplay (but not the story) for the Xbox video game was written by Card and Cameron Dayton.[11]

Reviews and critiques Card authors "Uncle Orson Reviews Everything," a weekly editorial for the Greensboro Rhinoceros Times, which features personal reviews of movies, books, restaurants in the greater Greensboro area, and a variety of other topics. The column also later appears on his website, Hatrack River.

Pseudonyms Over the years Orson Scott Card has used at least seven pseudonyms. The names Frederick Bliss and P.Q. Gump were used by Card when he was asked to write an overview of Mormon playwrights "Mormon Shakespears: A Study of Contemporary Mormon Theatre" for Spring 1976 issue of Sunstone magazine. According to Card he used these pseudonyms because the article included a brief reference to himself and his play "".[12] The name Byron Walley was used by Card on his first published piece of fiction "Gert Fram" which appeared in the July 1977 fine arts issue of Ensign magazine. According to Card he used this name because he had a non-fiction article, "Family Art", a poem, "Looking West", and a short play, "The Rag Mission", appearing in the same issue.[12] Card also used the name Byron Walley in stories he published in Friend magazine, New Era magazine and in the anthology Dragons of Darkness. Stories by Byron Walley include: "Gert Fram", Ensign magazine, July 1977; "Bicicleta", Friend magazine, October 1977; "The Best Family Home Evening Ever", Friend magazine, January 1978; "Billy's Box", Friend magazine, February 1978; "I Think Mom and Dad Are Going Crazy, Jerry", New Era magazine, May 1979; and "Middle Woman", Dragons of Darkness, Ace Books, 1982. The name Brian Green was also used by Card in the July 1977 fine arts issue of Ensign magazine. He used this name for his short play "The Rag Mission" because he had three other pieces appearing in the same issue.[12] The name Dinah Kirkham was used to write the short story "The Best Day", in 1984.[13] The name Noam D. Pellume was used by Card for his short story "Damn Fine Novel" which appeared in the October 1989 issue of The Green Pages. Card wrote the novel "Zanna's Gift" (2004) under the pen name Scott Richards, saying, "I was trying to establish a separate identity in the marketplace, but for various reasons the marketing strategy didn't work as we'd hoped." Orson Scott Card 170

On writing

Teaching In 2005, Card accepted a permanent appointment as "distinguished professor" at Southern Virginia University in Buena Vista, Virginia, a small liberal arts college run based on the principles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Card has cited his frustration with dismal teaching methodology for creative writing in most universities as a reason for accepting this position, along with his desire to teach the techniques of effective fiction writing to writers whose values are more harmonious with his own.[14] Card has worked closely with colleagues to develop new and effective ways to educate aspiring writers and has published two books on the subject. He was eager for the opportunity to apply these techniques in a university environment—his assorted workshops did not allow the follow-through he desired. After being affected by stories of his students' parents in some of their essays, he decided to stop teaching regularly at the university to spend time with his youngest child who still lives at home.[15] This however, has been changed because he was returning back to school to teach the spring semester of 2009.

Literary Boot Camp Since 2001, Card has run an annual, one-week intensive critique workshop for aspiring writers called "Literary Boot Camp." Participants are picked from applicants who submit a sample of their fiction writing. The week-long workshop is paired with a weekend lecture-style workshop open to all comers. Graduates have gone on to win major science fiction and fantasy contests (for instance, the now-defunct Phobos contest and the Writers of the Future contest), sell many stories to the SF and fantasy magazines such as Asimov's Science Fiction and Realms of Fantasy, sell books to major publishers (Judson Roberts' Strongbow Saga trilogy is one of many examples), etc.

Books on writing Card has written two books on the subject of creative writing. The first of these books was Characters and Viewpoint published in 1988. The second was How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy published in 1990. Both of the books were published by Writer's Digest Books and remain in print. He was also a co-writer for How to Write a Million (though his contribution is actually a reprint of an earlier work).

Writers of the Future Card also serves as a judge in the Writers of the Future contest.[16] Writers of the Future is a science fiction and fantasy story contest for amateur writers originated by L. Ron Hubbard in the early 1980s and continues to be funded and organized by the Church of Scientology.

Personal views

Politics In 2006, one day before the 2006 midterm elections in the United States, Card wrote an opinion piece for RealClearPolitics, in which he (while being a Democrat) encouraged voters to support the Republicans [17] In the same article he voiced strong condemnation of any government that recognized gay marriage stating, "Regardless of law, marriage has only one definition..." In 2009, Card became a member of the board of directors of the National Organization for Marriage, a group that seeks to prevent the legalization of same-sex marriage. [18] Orson Scott Card 171

Environment and science Although he supports government-funded research into alternative energy sources and the phasing out of fossil fuel use, Card has also frequently criticized precipitate action on global warming, and has voiced the suggestion that scientific evidence against global warming is suppressed because global warming has become an academic orthodoxy that discourages opposing evidence.[19] His short story "Angles" also features fearing to pursue research because it would run counter to scientific dogma. Similarly, he has voiced distrust of Darwinism as dogma in opposition to Intelligent Design (which he also distrusts, for entirely different reasons). While criticizing scientists for claiming that Darwinism explains "completely how evolution works," Card also said that "real science does not—and never can—prove or even support" Intelligent Design.[20]

Personal life Card and his wife Kristine have five children, each named after one or more authors he and his wife admire. Their children's names are Michael Geoffrey (Geoffrey Chaucer), Emily Janice (Emily Brontë and Emily Dickinson), Charles Benjamin (Charles Dickens), Zina Margaret (Margaret Mitchell) and Erin Louisa (Louisa May Alcott). Charles, who had cerebral palsy, died shortly after his 17th birthday and their daughter, Erin, died the day she was born.[6] Currently Card and his wife live with their youngest living child, Zina, in Greensboro, North Carolina.[6] The life of their son Charles influenced some of Card's fiction, most notably the Homecoming series, Lost Boys and Folk of the Fringe. Their daughter, Emily, along with two other writers adapted Card's short stories "Clap Hands and Sing", "" and "A Sepulchre of Songs" for the stage in .[21] In 2008, he appeared in the short film THE DELIVERY, which starred his daughter Emily. He plays an author reading an audiobook in this film, which won First Place in Fantasy at Dragon*Con Film Festival. He wrote an original story, "The Emperor of the Air," specifically for the short film by Gabrielle de Cuir and Stefan Rudnicki. Card is an avid fan of the sci-fi television series Firefly and makes an appearance in the documentary Done the Impossible about Firefly fandom. Card suffered a "mild stroke" on January 1, 2011 and was briefly hospitalized. He reports expecting to make a full recovery, although his use of his left hand was impaired, requiring "retraining his brain."[22]

Awards • 1978 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer from the World Science Fiction Convention • 1981 Songmaster: Hamilton-Brackett Memorial Award, 1981 • 1984 Saints: Book of the Year by the Association for Mormon Letters[23] • 1985 Ender's Game: Nebula Award, 1985;[5] Hugo Award, 1986;[3] Hamilton-Brackett Award, 1986; SF Chronicle Readers Poll, 1986 • 1986 Speaker for the Dead; Nebula Award, 1986,[3] Hugo Award, 1987;[4] Locus Award, 1987;[3] SF Chronicle Readers Poll Award 87 • 1987 "": Hugo Award, 1988; "Japanese Hugo". 1989 • 1987 "Hatrack River": Nebula nominee, 1986, Hugo nominee, 1987, World Fantasy Award winner, 1987 • 1988 : Hugo and WFA nominee, 1988;[24] Mythopoeic Society Award 1988; Locus Award winner, 1988[24] • 1989 Red Prophet: Hugo nominee, 1988;[24] Nebula Nominee, 1989;[25] Locus winner, 1989[25] • 1991 How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy (Writer's Digest Books, 90): Hugo Award • 1995 Alvin Journeyman: Locus Award winner, 1996[26] • 2008 YALSA Margaret A. Edwards Award for Lifetime Contribution to Young Adult Literature; for Ender's Game and Ender's Shadow • 2008 Whitney Awards, Lifetime Achievement Award[27] Orson Scott Card 172

References

[1] http:/ / www. hatrack. com/

[2] "Orson Scott Card" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0136298/ ). The Internet Movie Database (IMDb). . Retrieved 2006-10-18.

[3] "1986 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1986). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-07-15.

[4] "1987 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1987). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-07-15.

[5] "1985 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1985). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-07-15.

[6] "Who Is Orson Scott Card?" (http:/ / hatrack. com/ osc/ about-more. shtml). Hatrack River Enterprises Inc.. . Retrieved 2006-10-18.

[7] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0136284/ bio

[8] "Ender's Game Movie Searching for New Director" (http:/ / endersgamemovie. blogspot. com/ 2008/ 04/

enders-game-movie-searching-for-new. html). . Retrieved 2008-07-16.

[9] "Interview with Author Orson Scott Card." (http:/ / news. filefront. com/ gaming-todays-exclusive-interview-with-author-orson-scott-card/ ). Gaming Today. . Retrieved 2007-06-18.

[10] "Orson Scott Card's Intergalactic Medicine Show" (http:/ / www. oscigms. com). . Retrieved 2006-10-18.

[11] Card's comments on working on Advent Rising (http:/ / www. hatrack. com/ ubb/ main/ ultimatebb. php?ubb=get_topic;f=1;t=003303;p=1#000001) from his official website

[12] Pseudonyms (http:/ / www. hatrack. com/ research/ questions/ q0081. shtml) "Orson Scott Card's website The Hatrack".

[13] Card bio (http:/ / www. fantasticfiction. co. uk/ c/ orson-scott-card/ ) from FantasticFiction.co.uk

[14] "Why I Am Teaching at SVU... and Why SVU is Important" (http:/ / ldsmag. com/ articles/ 050516whyteach. html) from LDSMag.com

[15] "Uncle Orson Reviews Everything" (http:/ / www. hatrack. com/ osc/ reviews/ everything/ 2007-05-27. shtml). Hatrack River Enterprises Inc.. 2007-05-27. . Retrieved 2007-06-07.

[16] "Writers of the Future contest." (http:/ / www. writersofthefuture. com). . Retrieved 2006-12-06.

[17] "WorldWatch - November 4, 2008 - This Very Good Election Year - The Ornery American" (http:/ / www. ornery. org/ essays/ warwatch/

2008-11-04-1. html). Ornery.org. 2008-11-04. . Retrieved 2010-07-10.

[18] NOM Latest News (http:/ / www. nationformarriage. org/ site/ apps/ nlnet/ content2. aspx?c=omL2KeN0LzH& b=5075187& ct=6938473). National Organization for Marriage. April 27, 2009.

[19] Card, Orson Scott (2007-04-29). "Civilization Watch: Don't You Dare Ask for Proof" (http:/ / www. ornery. org/ essays/ warwatch/

2007-04-29-1. html). The Ornery American. . Retrieved 2007-05-08.

[20] Card, Orson Scott (2006-01-08). "WorldWatch: Creation and Evolution in the Schools" (http:/ / www. ornery. org/ essays/ warwatch/

2006-01-08-1. html). The Ornery American. . Retrieved 2006-10-18.

[21] "Posing as People" (http:/ / www. hatrack. com/ store/ store. cgi?loc=us& item=BOOKS_PosingAsPeople& opt=). Hatrack River Enterprises Inc.. .

[22] http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ News/ 2011/ 01/ orson-scott-card-suffers-mild-stroke/

[23] "1984 AML Awards" (http:/ / www. aml-online. org/ Awards/ Year. aspx?year=1984). Association for Mormon Letters. . Retrieved 2009-07-14.

[24] "1988 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1988). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-07-15.

[25] "1989 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1989). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-07-15.

[26] "1996 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1996). Worlds Without End. . Retrieved 2009-07-15.

[27] Orson Scott Card's Whitney Award Speech, Mormon Times (http:/ / www. mormontimes. com/ arts_entertainment/ books/ ?id=7470) Orson Scott Card 173

Sources • Dragons of Darkness, edited by Orson Scott Card, Ace Books, 1981. • Maps in a Mirror, Orson Scott Card, Tor Books, 1990.

Further reading • Card Catalogue: The Science Fiction and Fantasy of Orson Scott Card, Michael R. Collings, Hypatia Press, 1987, ISBN 0940841010 • In the Image of God: Theme, Characterization and Landscape in the Fiction of Orson Scott Card, Michael R. Collings, Greenwood Press, 1990, ISBN 0-313-26404-X • The Work of Orson Scott Card: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide, Michael R. Collings and Boden Clarke, 1997 • Storyteller: The Official Guide to the Works of Orson Scott Card, Michael R. Collings, Overlook Connection Press, 2001, ISBN 1-892950-26-X

External links

• The official Orson Scott Card website (http:/ / www. hatrack. com)

• Orson Scott Card (http:/ / www. iblist. com/ author91. htm) at the Internet Book List

• Orson Scott Card (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Orson_Scott_Card) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Orson Scott Card (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0136298/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Strong Verse (http:/ / www. strongverse. org/ ), Online poetry magazine published by Card

• The Ornery American (http:/ / www. ornery. org/ ), Orson Scott Card's political site; includes his column

• An audio interview with Orson Scott Card (http:/ / www. hour25online. com/ Hour25_Previous_Shows_2001-1. html#orson-scott-card_2001-01-12) (MP3 format) from Hour 25

• Audio interview with Orson Scott Card at National Review Online (http:/ / radio. nationalreview. com/

betweenthecovers/ post/ ?q=MmM1YWNlNTQ1MDI1OWYyNzhiZDgyZGZkOTZkY2FkYjU=)

• Interview (http:/ / www. sffworld. com/ interview/ 18p0. html) at SFFWorld.com (http:/ / www. sffworld. com) P. C. Cast 174 P. C. Cast

P. C. Cast Born 1960 (age 50–51)Watseka, Illinois, U.S.

Occupation Writer

Language English

Notable work(s) House of Night series (co-author)

Children Kristin Cast

Phyllis Christine Cast[1] (born 1960) is an American romance/fantasy author, known for the House of Night series she writes with her daughter Kristin Cast, as well as her own Goddess Summoning and Partholon book series.[2]

Career On her own, P.C. Cast is known for her Goddess Summoning and Partholon book series.[2] Her first book, Goddess of the Sea, was originally published in 2001, won the Prism, Holt Medallion, and Laurel Wreath awards, and was a finalist for the National Readers' Choice Award; her subsequent books have won a variety of prizes.[3] In 2005, she and her daughter began co-writing the House of Night series.[4] In the wake of the current popularity of vampire fiction led by Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series, the Casts' books have enjoyed substantial and increasing critical and commercial success,[5] [6] and in March 2009, the fifth book in their series, Hunted, opened at number one on the best-seller lists of USA Today[7] and The Wall Street Journal.[4] According to P.C. Cast, the concept for the House of Night novels came from her agent, who suggested the theme "vampire finishing school."[8] The books take place in an alternative universe version of Tulsa, Oklahoma inhabited by both humans and "vampyres" (Cast uses this alternative spelling in the books, explaining it as a choice she made "just 'cause I like the way it looks"[9] ). The protagonist, Zoey Redbird, age 16, is "marked" as a "fledgling" and moves to the "House of Night" school to undergo her transformation.[2] In November 2008, Variety reported that producers Michael Birnbaum and Jeremiah S. Chechik had obtained an option to acquire the motion picture rights in the House of Night series.[10]

Personal information Born in Watseka, Illinois,[11] Cast lives in Tulsa, where she taught high school English[12] and where her daughter is a student at the University of Tulsa.[2] Cast has been married and divorced three times. In June 2010, Cast wrote about her marriages and her current personal relationship with Seoras Wallace, a Scottish historian and chieftain of Clan Wallace, whom she met while researching her novel The Avenger.[13] P. C. Cast 175

Published works

Goddess Summoning • Goddess of the Sea, Berkley, 2003 (ISBN 0-425-19279-2) • Goddess of Spring, Berkley, 2004 (ISBN 0-425-19749-2) • Goddess of Light, Berkley, 2005 (ISBN 0-425-20196-1) • Goddess of the Rose, Berkley, 2006 (ISBN 0-425-20891-5) • Goddess of Love, Berkley, 2007 (ISBN 0-425-21528-8) • Warrior Rising, Berkley, 2008 (ISBN 0-425-22137-2) • Goddess of Legend, Berkeley, 2010 (ISBN 0-425-22816-9) • Goddess of Troy, 2011 (ISBN 0-749-95361-6)

Divine • Divine by Mistake, 2006 (ISBN 0-373-80247-1) • Divine by Choice, 2006 (ISBN 0-373-80251-X) • Divine by Blood, 2007 (ISBN 0-373-80291-9) • Divine Beginnings, 2009 (e-book only)

Partholon • Elphame's Choice, 2004 (ISBN 0-373-80213-7) • Brighid's Quest, 2005 (ISBN 0-373-80242-0)

House of Night • Marked, St Martin's, 2007 (ISBN 0-312-36026-6) • Betrayed , St Martin's, 2007 (ISBN 0-312-36028-2) • Chosen, St. Martin's, 2008 (ISBN 9780312360306) • Untamed, St. Martin's, 2008 (ISBN 0312379838) • Hunted, St. Martin's, 2009 (ISBN 031237982X) • Tempted, St. Martin's, 2009 (ISBN 1905654804) • Burned,St. Martin's 2010 • Awakened, St. Martins, 2011 (ISBN 978-1-905654-84-0) • Destined. St. Martins, To Be Confirmed • The Fledgling Handbook (ISBN 1907410708) P. C. Cast 176

Time Raiders • The Avenger, October 1, 2009 (ISBN 0373285965)

Edited by P.C. Cast • Immortal: Love Stories With Bite, BenBella Books (announced release date October 2009) (ISBN 9781933771922) • Eternal: Love Stories With Bite, BenBella Books (ISBN 1935618016, Smart Pop, October 2010)

References

[1] Vit Wagner, "Fame's at stake for Cast of two: Mother and daughter team's vampire formula" (http:/ / www. thestar. com/ Entertainment/

article/ 609729), Toronto Star, March 29, 2009.

[2] Constance Drogranes, "Vampire love spikes in new book 'Hunted'" (http:/ / www. ctv. ca/ servlet/ ArticleNews/ story/ CTVNews/ 20090326/

vampires_hunted_090326/ 20090326), CTV News, March 26, 2009.

[3] P.C. Cast (http:/ / www. eharlequin. com/ author. html?authorid=1164) at eHarlequin.com (retrieved July 14, 2009)

[4] Alexandra Alter, "Young Blood: Vampires go to finishing school in a mother-daughter team's best seller" (http:/ / online. wsj. com/ article/

SB123758555744199521. html), Wall Street Journal, March 21, 2009.

[5] Fiona Purdon, "Teens Find New Dark Tales to Satisfy their Twilight Craving" (http:/ / www. news. com. au/ couriermail/ story/

0,23739,25206044-7642,00. html), The Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Australia), March 21, 2009.

[6] Carol Memmott, "'Twilight' Brings to Life, Boosts Genre" (http:/ / www. usatoday. com/ life/ books/ news/

2009-03-09-twilight-bump-main_N. htm), USA Today, March 10, 2009.

[7] "Book buzz: What's new on the list and in publishing" (http:/ / www. usatoday. com/ life/ books/ news/ 2009-03-18-book-buzz_N. htm), USA Today, March 18, 2009.

[8] Ryan Dahlgren, "Oklahoma author: P.C. Cast" (http:/ / poetsandwriters. okstate. edu/ OKauthor/ p. c. cast. html), at Oklahoma Center for Poets and Writers website (retrieved July 6, 2009).

[9] "An Interview with P.C. Cast" (http:/ / www. amazon. com/ Hunted-House-Night-Book-5/ dp/ product-description/ 031237982X) at Amazon.com listing for Hunted (retrieved July 15, 2009).

[10] Michael Fleming, "Producers building 'House of Night': Vampire novels acquired by Birnbaum, Chechik" (http:/ / www. variety. com/

article/ VR1117996009. html?categoryid=13& cs=1& query="house+ of+ night"), Variety, November 17, 2008.

[11] Jason Ashley Wright, "Spell 'Casting': Author P.C. Cast Weaves a Fantastical Incantation over Readers" (http:/ / www. tulsaworld. com/

news/ article. aspx?no=subj& articleid=060924_Bo_H4_Autho50149& archive=yes), Tulsa World, September 24, 2006.

[12] James D. Watts, Jr., "The Break of 'Night'" (http:/ / www. tulsaworld. com/ scene/ article. aspx?subjectid=67&

articleid=20080921_67_G4_PCCast843007& archive=yes), Tulsa World, September 21, 2008. [13] Phyllis Cast, "She was the Mills & Boon author researching a novel. He was the clan chief assigned as her guide. Then he blew his

bagpipes... and the plot took a magical twist." (http:/ / www. dailymail. co. uk/ femail/ article-1288790/

My-Braveheart-She-Mills--Boon-author-researching-novel-He-clan-chief-assigned-guide-Then-blew-bagpipes--plot-took-magical-twist. html) Daily Mail, June 23, 2010.

External links

• Official website (http:/ / http:/ / www. pccast. net/ )

• P. C. Cast (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?P. _C. _Cast) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Dahlgren, Ryan. "Oklahoma author: P.C. Cast" (http:/ / poetsandwriters. okstate. edu/ OKauthor/ p. c. cast. html). Oklahoma Center for Poets and Writers. Retrieved July 6, 2009. Paolo Bacigalupi 177 Paolo Bacigalupi

Paolo Bacigalupi

Born Paolo BacigalupiPaonia, Colorado

Occupation Author

Nationality American

Genres , science-fiction

Notable work(s) The Windup Girl, Pump Six and Other Stories, Ship Breaker

[2] windupstories.com

Paolo Bacigalupi is a science fiction and fantasy writer from Colorado. He has won the Hugo, Nebula,[3] Compton Crook, Theodore Sturgeon, and Michael L. Printz awards, and was nominated for the National Book Award. His fiction has appeared in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Asimov's Science Fiction, and the environmental journal High Country News. His non-fiction essays have appeared in Salon.com and High Country News, and have been syndicated in newspapers including the Idaho Statesman, the Albuquerque Journal, and the Salt Lake Tribune. He was a webmaster for High Country News [4] starting in 2003. His short fiction has been collected in Pump Six and Other Stories (Night Shade Books, 2008). His debut novel The Windup Girl, published by Night Shade Books in September 2009, won the Hugo, Nebula, and John W. Campbell Memorial Awards in 2010.[5] The Windup Girl was also named by Time Magazine as one of the Top 10 Books of 2009.[6] Ship Breaker, published by Little, Brown in 2010, was awarded the Michael L. Printz Award for best young adult novel and was nominated for the National Book Award for Young People's Literature.[7]

Themes The Windup Girl, along with many of his short stories, explores the effects of bioengineering and a world in which fossil fuels are no longer viable. Bioengineering has ravaged the world with food-borne plagues, produced tailored organisms as mimics to both cats and humans, and replaced today's fossil-fuel reliant engines with megodonts (an elephant-like beast), which convert food energy into work. Energy storage is accomplished through the use of high-capacity springs, as well as simply transporting food to feed either megodonts or human laborers. Paolo Bacigalupi 178

Awards and nominations • 2011: Won the Michael L. Printz Award for Best Young Adult Novel for Ship Breaker, Little, Brown 2010. • 2010: Nominated for the National Book Award for Young People's Literature for Ship Breaker, Little, Brown 2010. • 2010: Won the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Novel for The Windup Girl, Night Shade Books, 2009[8] • 2010: Won the Locus Award for Best First Novel for The Windup Girl, Night Shade Books, 2009 • 2010: Won the for Best First Novel for The Windup Girl, Night Shade Books, 2009 • 2010: Won the Hugo Award for Best Novel for The Windup Girl, Night Shade Books, 2009[5] (tied with China Mieville's The City & The City) • 2010: Won the Nebula Award for Best Novel for The Windup Girl, Night Shade Books, 2009[9] • 2010: Nominated for Nebula Award for Best Novelette for "The Gambler" (Fast Forward 2, Pyr Books), Oct 2008 • 2009: Won the Locus Award for Best Collection, for Pump Six and Other Stories (Night Shade Books, 2008) • 2009: Won the Locus Award for Best Novelette, for "Pump Six" (Pump Six and Other Stories, Night Shade Books, 2008) • 2009: Nominated for Hugo Award for Best Novelette, for "The Gambler" (Fast Forward 2) • 2007: Nominated for Hugo Award for Best Novelette, for "Yellow Card Man" (Asimov's Science Fiction, December 2006) • 2006: Won the for "The Calorie Man" (The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Oct/Nov 2005) • 2006: Nominated for Hugo Award for Best Novelette for "The Calorie Man" (The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Oct/Nov 2005) • 2006: Nominated for Nebula Award for Best Novelette for "The People of Sand and Slag" (The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, February 2004) • 2005: Nominated for Hugo Award for Best Novelette for "The People of Sand and Slag" (The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, February 2004)

Bibliography

Novels • The Windup Girl (2009) • Ship Breaker (2010)

Collections • Pump Six and Other Stories (2008)

Short stories • "Pocketful of Dharma" (1999) • "The Fluted Girl" (2003) • "The People of Sand and Slag" (2004) • "The Pasho" (2004) • "The Calorie Man" (2005) • "The Tamarisk Hunter" (2006) • "Pop Squad" (2006) • "Yellow Card Man" (2006) Paolo Bacigalupi 179

• "Softer" (2007) • "Small Offerings" (2007) • "Pump Six" (2008) • "The Gambler" (2008)

Audiobook • The Alchemist and The Executioness (2010) with Tobias Buckell

References

[1] http:/ / www. tor. com/ blogs/ 2010/ 01/ the-geeks-guide-to-the-galaxy-podcast-episode-2-bacigalupilooza

[2] http:/ / windupstories. com/

[3] Winners: 2009 Nebula Awards (http:/ / www. sfsignal. com/ archives/ 2010/ 05/ winners-2009-nebula-awards), SF Signal, accessed May 15, 2010.

[4] http:/ / www. hcn. org/ servlets/ hcn. WOTRArticle?article_id=14514

[5] Flood, Alison (September 6, 2010). "China Miéville and Paolo Bacigalupi tie for Hugo award" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2010/

sep/ 06/ china-mieville-paolo-bacigalupi-hugo-award). The Guardian. . Retrieved September 9, 2010.

[6] http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ specials/ packages/ article/ 0,28804,1945379_1943868_1943887,00. html

[7] http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ News/ 2010/ 10/ bacigalupis-shipbreaker-nominated-for-national-book-award/

[8] http:/ / worldswithoutend. com/ index. asp?view=plink& id=307

[9] http:/ / www. nebulaawards. com/ index. php/ awards/ nebulas

• List of works (http:/ / windupstories. com/ stories/ )

External links

• Paolo Bacigalupi's website (http:/ / windupstories. com/ about/ )

• Paolo Bacigalupi (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Paolo_Bacigalupi) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• 2010 audio interview on the Geek's Guide to the Galaxy podcast (http:/ / geeksguideshow. com/ 2010/ 01/ 11/

ggg002-dystopias-global-warming-thailand-guest-paolo-bacigalupi/ )

• Paolo Bacigalupi (ology) website (http:/ / paolobacigalupi. blogspot. com/ ) and Paolo Bacigalupi (ology) book

(http:/ / www. smashwords. com/ books/ view/ 14878) Peter Cameron (writer) 180 Peter Cameron (writer)

Peter Cameron (born 29 November 1959 in Pompton Plains, ) is an American novelist and writer living in New York, NY. He is best known for his novels Andorra, The Weekend and The City of Your Final Destination.

Biography Cameron grew up in Pompton Plains, New Jersey, and in London, England. He spent two years attending the progressive American School in London, where he discovered the joys of reading, and began writing stories, poems, and plays. Cameron graduated from Hamilton College in New York State in 1982 with a B.A. in English literature. He sold his first short story to The New Yorker in 1983, and published ten more stories in that magazine during the next few years. This exposure facilitated the publication of his first book, a collection of stories titled One Way or Another, published by Harper & Row in 1986. One Way or Another was awarded a special citation by the PEN/Hemingway Award for First Book of Fiction. In 1988, Cameron was hired by Adam Moss to write a serial novel for the just-launched magazine, 7 Days. This serial, which was written and published a chapter a week, became Leap Year, a comic novel of life and love in New York City in the twilight of the 1980s. It was published in 1989 by Harper & Row, which also published a second collection of stories, Far-flung, in 1991. Beginning in 1990, Cameron stopped writing short fiction and turned his attention toward novels. His second novel, The Weekend, was published in 1994 by Farrar, Straus & Giroux, which also published a third novel, Andorra, in 1997, and a fourth, The City of Your Final Destination, in May 2002. His work has been translated into a dozen languages. A film version of The Weekend, written and directed by Brian Skeet and starring Gena Rowlands and Brooke Shields, was released in 2000. Ovie Entertainment has optioned the film rights to Andorra and plans to produce a film with a screenplay written by Cameron; Merchant Ivory Productions produced a film version of The City of Your Final Destination, directed by from a screenplay written by . Cameron counts among his strongest influences the novels of British women writers such as Rose Macaulay, Barbara Pym, Penelope Mortimer, and Elizabeth Taylor. He admires these writers for their elegant and accomplished use of language and their penetrating and sensitive exploration of personal life. He also admires the writing of the late William Maxwell for its natural elegance and deeply felt humanity. Shirley Hazzard, James Salter, and Denton Welch are also revered. After arriving in New York City in 1982, Cameron worked for a year in the subsidiary rights department of St. Martin’s Press. Upon realizing he did not want to pursue a career in publishing, he began doing administrative work for non-profit organizations. From 1983 to 1988, he worked for the Trust for Public Land, a land-conservation organization, and from 1990 to 1998 he worked for Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, a legal organization that protects and extends the civil rights of gay men, lesbians, and people with HIV/AIDS. In 1987 he taught writing at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio, and from 1990–1996 he taught in the MFA program at Columbia University's Graduate School of the Arts. From 1998 to 2005 he taught in Sarah Lawrence College’s MFA program. He taught at Yale University in the fall of 2005. In March 2005 his first play, A Thing of the Past, was read at Lincoln Center Theater by a cast including Marian Seldes and Estelle Parsons. A new novel, Someday This Pain Will Be Useful To You, was published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux in September 2007. Peter Cameron (writer) 181

Select bibliography

Books • One Way or Another (collection of short stories) (1986) • Leap Year (novel) (1990) • Far-flung (stories) (1991) • The Weekend (novel) (1995) • The Half You Don't Know: Selected Stories (1983-present) • Andorra (novel) (1997) • The City of Your Final Destination (2002) • Someday This Pain Will Be Useful To You (novel) (2007)

Short stories • "Fast Forward" The New Yorker 60/51 (4 Feb 1985) : 42-47

External links • Peter Cameron's official web site [1] • Peter Cameron [2] at the Internet Movie Database

References

[1] http:/ / www. peter-cameron. com/

[2] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0131702/ Rachel Vincent 182 Rachel Vincent

Rachel Vincent [1] Born June 1978

Occupation novelist

Nationality U.S.

Period 2005 to present

Genres Fantasy

[2]

Rachel Vincent is an American author best known for her Shifters series, a present-day urban fantasy series about a female werecat.

Biography An Oklahoma native and recent transplant into the deep south, Rachel Vincent has a BA in English (University of Central Oklahoma, '00).[1] Vincent is a member of Romance Writers of America. Together with Devon Monk, Jackie Kessler, Jenna Black, Karen Mahoney, Keri Arthur, Lilith Saintcrow, Rinda Elliott, and Toni Andrews, she also belongs to the writing group the "Deadline Dames".[3]

Bibliography

Faythe Sanders/ The Shifters Series Faythe Sanders is a female werecat, struggling to establish her place in the Pride led by her father.[4] 1. Stray (June 2007, ISBN 978-07783-2421-8) 2. Rogue (April 2008, ISBN 978-07783-2555-0) 3. Pride (February 2009, ISBN 978-07783-2649-6) 4. Prey (July 2009, ISBN 978-07783-2681-6) 5. Shift (March 2010, ISBN 978-07783-2760-8) 6. Alpha (October 2010, ISBN 978-07783-2818-6) The first six books are available as audiobooks.

Stray Stray is the first book of the Shifter Series, in which Faythe Sanders, the main character, is introduced. She is a werecat desperately trying to escape her world and live free as any normal 'human' girl her age would. Her responsibilities as a werecat include marriage and childbearing, none of which she is ready for. While away at Graduate school, Faythe is visited by her ex-fiance, Marc Ramos, who is there to inform her that there have been two tabby kidnappings. Tabbies, or female werecats are rare and therefore valuable to the werecat community. One small mistake causes Faythe to get kidnapped herself. Rachel Vincent 183

Rogue Rogue is the second book of the Shifter Series. Faythe finds herself an enforcer, or protector of her Pride. She has gotten back together with her ex-fiance, Marc Ramos, but is still not willing to marry him, convinced that her life would be over if she did. Faythe discovers that her human ex-boyfriend, Andrew, has become a werecat himself, a Stray (a werecat not born into a Pride, a person who was scratched or bitten by a werecat, and turned into a werecat). Faythe discovers that she accidentally turned Andrew into a werecat and he wants to kill her for it.

Pride In Pride, Faythe Sanders is fully aware that her father intends on making her Alpha of the Pride when he retires. Unfortunately, she finds herself on trial by the Territorial Council for infecting Andrew, her human ex-boyfriend. While on trial, an amazing discovery is made, a young tabby is found. She is malnourished and has been wandering in the woods for months. Kaci, the young tabby, gradually comes to trust Faythe and confesses where she came from and what happened to her.

Prey In Prey, Faythe realizes that she may have feelings for Jace, while she loves Marc. Marc gets kidnapped and Faythe does everything she can to find him. She discovers that Calvin Malone is acting dishonorably against her Pride and trying to take over the Territorial Council, once run by her father, Greg Sanders. Faythe realizes that in order to restore power in the right places she needs to show the Territorial Council what kind of man Calvin Malone is.

Shift Faythe and the rest of her Pride are seeking revenge for the murder of her brother Ethan. Ethan's girlfriend Angela informed Faythe that she is pregnant with Ethan's baby, but Faythe is still in mourning and has no time to address the issue. Jace pursues Faythe, despite her plea for more time to decide what to do. She knows she loves Marc, but realizes that she has feelings for Jace as well. Calvin Malone sends Thunderbirds to start killing Faythe's Pride members, so Faythe must act fast to help her keep her Pride safe. Marc finds out about Faythe's infidelity with Jace and tells her that she must choose.

Alpha Everything is about to change for werecat Faythe when her father is ousted from the council that controls their secret world. And a shocking tragedy jeopardizes her future as Alpha of the pride. Now a rebel on the run, Faythe's biggest fight lies ahead. Old allies from the supernatural world are ready to stand by her side. And Weretoms Marc and Jace would give their very soul in the duel for Faythe's heart... Yet as their enemies draw near Faythe knows that she and she alone - can lead the pride into what may be their final battle. Rachel Vincent 184

Soul Screamer Series Kaylee Cavanaugh wants to be a normal schoolgirl but she possesses a strange power. She doesn't see dead people, but she can sense when somebody nearby is about to die: when that happens she is compelled to "scream bloody murder".[5] Released July 1, 2009 on her website is a prequel novella to the Soul Screamer series, My Soul to Lose (ISBN 978-1-4268-3867-5), as a free PDF ebook download.[6] 1. My Soul to Take (August 2009, ISBN 978-0-373-21003-9) 2. My Soul to Save (January 2010, ISBN 978-0-373-21004-6) 3. My Soul To Keep (June 2010, ISBN 978-0-373-21005-3) 4. My Soul To Steal (January 1, 2011) Reaper (Free Novella About Tod Released December 2010)

My Soul to Take In the first full length novel, Kaylee begins the story not knowing anything about her bean sidhe nature, and when young, healthy girls begin dropping dead for no apparent reason, Kaylee is forced to sing their soul song. She meets Nash Hudson, also a bean sidhe, and together they try to piece together the mystery of the unnerving deaths. Along the way, Kaylee learns that she is not human, and that her mother, who died when she was only a toddler, had died in Kaylee's place. She is now essentially living on borrowed time - her mother's time.

My Soul to Save In the second story in the series, Nash's grim reaper brother Tod enlists Kaylee's and Nash's help protecting his pop princess ex-girlfriend Addison. The teenage singer had sold her soul for fame and fortune, but she didn't read the fine print in her contract. If Kaylee and Nash fail to save her, she will last an eternity being tortured in the Netherworld.

My Soul to Keep In the third story in the series, , demon's breath is let loose on Earth and humans are becoming addicted. In trying to solve this problem, Kaylee faces a .. is this how life for a bean sidhe supposed to be?

Anthologies • The Mammoth Book of Vampire Romance (July 2008, ISBN 978-0762434985) • Immortal: Love Stories With Bite (October, 2009, ISBN 978-1933771922) • Kiss Me Deadly: 13 Tales of Paranormal Love (July, 2010, ISBN 978-0762439492)

The Mammoth Book of Vampire Romance Rachel Vincent's "The Mid-Day Mangler Meets His Match," is set in an alternate reality where everyone is a vampire, is the story of a teenager who finds use for her vestigial fangs when she must fight to save her little sister from a serial killer. Rachel Vincent 185

Immortal: Love Stories With Bite Rachel Vincent's contribution, "Binge" is the story of a leanan sidhe capable of inspiring the musician she loves to new creative heights, or draining him, and his talent, dry.

Kiss Me Deadly: 13 Tales of Paranormal Love Rachel Vincent's story takes place in the Soul Screamers universe, two years before the start of the series. "Fearless" features a tough, emotionally damaged Nightmare named Sabine, who's just been sentenced to a state-run halfway house for girls. Now fighting a psychic drought and an enemy in her midst, her only comfort is the love of her life - Soul Screamers leading man Nash Hudson.

References

[1] MySpace.com - Rachel Vincent - 31 - Female - Louisiana (http:/ / www. myspace. com/ rachelkvincent)

[2] http:/ / www. rachelvincent. com

[3] "Deadline Dames" (http:/ / www. deadlinedames. com/ ). .

[4] "Rachel Vincent's Shifters" (http:/ / rachelvincent. com/ shifters. htm). Official site. .

[5] "Rachel Vincent's Soul Screamers" (http:/ / rachelvincent. com/ soulscreamers. htm). Official site. .

[6] "My Soul to Lose Download Page" (http:/ / rachelvincent. com/ MSTL. html). Official site. .

External links

• Rachel Vincent official site (http:/ / www. rachelvincent. com/ )

• Rachel Vincent official Yahoo Group (http:/ / rachelvincent. proboards85. com/ index. cgi/ )

• MySpace.com - Rachel Vincent - 31 - Female - Louisiana (http:/ / www. myspace. com/ rachelkvincent)

Rebecca Moesta

Rebecca Moesta Anderson (born November 17, 1956 in Heidelberg, ) is the author of several science fiction books. Although born in Germany, Rebecca was born to American parents and raised in Pasadena, California, where she lived until her early twenties. Rebecca graduated with a Bachelor of Liberal Arts from Cal State L.A.. and shortly after graduation married a former classmate from Caltech, becoming Rebecca Moesta Cowan.

In 1981, the couple moved to New Haven, Connecticut, where they lived for one year until they moved to Darmstadt, Germany, until 1987. In Germany Rebecca took graduate courses with Boston University and earned a Master of Science degree in Business Administration. During their stay in Germany she gave birth to her son, Jonathan, before moving back to the United States and settling in Livermore, California.

In 1989, Rebecca took a position at the Lawrence Livermore National Kevin J. Anderson and Rebecca Moesta Laboratory as a proof reader and copy editor. There she formed a science fiction club in which she met her future husband Kevin J. Anderson. She divorced her first husband in 1990 and married Anderson in 1991. The couple started working together writing science fiction novels and to date has written two Titan A.E. young adult novels, two high-tech pop-up books, and fourteen Star Wars novels, the Young Jedi Knights series. The couple owns Rebecca Moesta 186

and runs the company Wordfire, and Rebecca is currently working on several new projects, including copy editing her husband's works.

Bibliography

Buffyverse • Little Things

Crystal Doors Series • Book 1: The Island Realm (2006) • Book 2: The Ocean Realm (June 2007) • Book 3: Sky Realm (2008)

Star Wars • Heirs of the Force (June 1995) (ISBN 0-425-16949-9) • Shadow Academy (September 1995) (ISBN 0-425-17153-1) • The Lost Ones (December 1995) (ISBN 0-425-16999-5) • Lightsabers (February 1996) (ISBN 0-425-16951-0) • Darkest Knight (May 1996) (ISBN 0-425-16950-2) • Jedi Under Siege (August 1996) (ISBN 0-425-16633-3) • Shards of Alderaan (December 1996) (ISBN 0-425-16952-9) • Diversity Alliance (March 1997) (ISBN 0-425-16905-7) • Anakin's Quest (April 1997) (ISBN 0-425-16824-7) • Delusions of Grandeur (June 1997) (ISBN 0-425-17061-6) • Vader's Fortress (July 1997) (ISBN 0-425-16956-1) • Jedi Bounty (September 1997) (ISBN 0-425-17313-5) • Kenobi's Blade (October 1997) (ISBN 0-425-17315-1) • The Emperor's Plague (December 1997) (ISBN 0-425-17314-3) • Return to Ord Mantell (May 1998) (ISBN 0-425-16362-8) • Trouble on Cloud City (August 1998) (ISBN 0-425-16416-0) • Crisis at Crystal Reef (December 1998) (ISBN 0-425-16519-1)

External links • Wordfire [1] • Rebecca Moesta [2] at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

References

[1] http:/ / www. wordfire. com/

[2] http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Rebecca_Moesta Richelle Mead 187 Richelle Mead

Richelle Mead

Richelle Mead - September 2009

Born November 12, 1976Michigan, United States

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American

Period 2007–

Genres Fantasy, Young adult fiction

[1]

Richelle Mead (born November 12, 1976) is a bestselling[2] [3] American fantasy author. She has three ongoing series: the Georgina Kincaid series, the Vampire Academy series, and the Dark Swan series. All are available internationally, including countries in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania.[4]

Life and career Richelle Mead was born in Michigan[5] and now lives in the Seattle suburb of Kirkland, Washington.[6] She has three degrees: a Bachelor of General Studies from the University of Michigan, a Master of Comparative Religion from Western Michigan University, and a Master of Teaching from the .[5] Her teaching degree led her to become an 8th grade teacher in suburban Seattle, where she taught social studies and English. She continued writing in her free time, until she sold her first novel, Succubus Blues. After quitting her job to write full time, her other books quickly followed.[7] Mead actively writes books in three different series. The schedule for this is so demanding that she has to turn out a draft for a new book every three months. This is an extremely fast turnaround compared to the year that most authors take to write a book.[7] Richelle Mead 188

Bibliography

Novels

Georgina Kincaid series 1. Succubus Blues (March 2007) 2. Succubus on Top (January 2008) (UK title: Succubus Nights) 3. Succubus Dreams (October 2008) 4. Succubus Heat (June 2009) 5. Succubus Shadows (March 2010) 6. Succubus Revealed (September 2011)

Dark Swan series 1. Storm Born (August 2008) 2. Thorn Queen (August 2009) 3. Iron Crowned (March 2011) 4. Title TBA[8]

Young adult novels

Vampire Academy series 1. Vampire Academy (August 2007) 2. Frostbite (April 2008) 3. Shadow Kiss (November 2008) 4. Blood Promise (August 2009) 5. Spirit Bound (May 2010) 6. Last Sacrifice[9] (December 2010)

Bloodlines series Mead will be writing a six-book spin off series featuring characters we have already met. There are four confirmed main characters: Sydney, Jill, Eddie, and one of the love interests from Vampire Academy whose name is being withheld in order to protect those who have not read Last Sacrifice; however, Mead has stated that to those who've finished the book, "it should be pretty obvious who the other character is."[10] Mead has confirmed that Bloodlines will be the name of both the series and the first book.

Anthologies • “Brushstrokes,” Dreams & Desires Vol. 1 (Freya’s Bower, February 2007) (featuring characters from the Georgina Kincaid series) • “City of Demons,” Eternal Lover (Kensington, April 2008) (featuring characters from the Georgina Kincaid series) • “Blue Moon,” Immortal: Love Stories With Bite (BenBella Books, August 2008) • “Sunshine,” Kisses From Hell (HarperTeen, August 2010) (featuring characters from the Vampire Academy series) Richelle Mead 189

Awards and Recognitions • Nominee - 2007 Reviewers' Choice Awards - Best Urban Fantasy Novel - Succubus Blues[11] • Nominee - 2008 Reviewers' Choice Awards - Best Urban Fantasy Novel - Storm Born[12] • Honorable Mention - 2009 P.E.A.R.L. Awards - Best Romantic Fantasy - Thorn Queen[13] • Finalist - 2009 Children's Choice Book Awards - Teen Choice Book of the Year - Blood Promise[14] • American Library Association: 2008 Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers - Vampire Academy[15] • American Library Association: 2009 Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers - Frostbite[16] • Winner - 2010 Teen Read Awards - Best Teen Series - Vampire Academy series [17] • Nominee - 2010 Teen Read Awards - Best Hottie - Vampire Academy series [18] • Winner - 2010 Goodreads Choice Awards - Goodreads Author - Richelle Mead [19] • Nominee - 2010 Goodreads Choice Awards - Favorite Book of 2010 - Spirit Bound (novel) [20] • Nominee - 2010 Goodreads Choice Awards - Young Adult Fantasy - Last Sacrifice (novel) [21] • Nominee - 2010 Goodreads Choice Awards - Favorite Heroine - Rose Hathaway [22] • Nominee - 2010 Goodreads Choice Awards - Favorite Hero - Dimitri Belikov [23] • Nominee - 2010 Goodreads Choice Awards - Paranormal Fantasy - Succubus Shadows [24]

References

[1] http:/ / www. richellemead. com

[2] "Best Sellers : Children's Books" (http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ gst/ fullpage. html?res=9B06E6DB133AF934A15757C0A96E9C8B63). New York Times. 2008-04-27. .

[3] "Best Sellers : Children's Books" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2009/ 01/ 18/ books/ bestseller/ bestchildren. html?_r=1). New York Times. 2009-01-09. .

[4] "International Copies of Richelle's Books" (http:/ / richellemead. com/ books/ international. htm). richellemead.com. . Retrieved 2009-10-30.

[5] "About Richelle" (http:/ / www. richellemead. com/ bio/ bio. htm). richellemead.com. . Retrieved 2009-08-31.

[6] Mary Ann Gwinn (August 31, 2009). Kirkland author Richelle Mead gets a taste of success with Vampire Academy novels (http:/ /

seattletimes. nwsource. com/ html/ books/ 2009766265_litlife31. html). Seattle Times. . Retrieved 2009-08-31.

[7] "Vampire buzz takes bite in Kirkland" (http:/ / www. pnwlocalnews. com/ east_king/ kir/ lifestyle/ 79852562. html). Kirkland Reporter. 2009-12-21. .

[8] "Richelle Mead's journal" (http:/ / blue-succubus. livejournal. com/ 185762. html). 2009-04-07. .

[9] http:/ / www. richellemead. com/ books/ vampireacademy. htm

[10] Richelle Mead Official Blog (January 1, 2011) (http:/ / blue-succubus. livejournal. com/ 261598. html)

[11] http:/ / www. romantictimes. com/ books_awards. php?type=book& level=1& year=2007

[12] http:/ / www. romantictimes. com/ books_awards. php?type=book& level=1& year=2008

[13] http:/ / www. paranormalromance. org/ pearl/ finalists. php

[14] http:/ / www. cbcbooks. org/ news/ 14

[15] http:/ / www. ala. org/ ala/ mgrps/ divs/ yalsa/ booklistsawards/ quickpicks/ 08qp. cfm

[16] http:/ / www. ala. org/ ala/ mgrps/ divs/ yalsa/ booklistsawards/ quickpicks/ 09qp. cfm

[17] http:/ / www2. teenreadawards. ca/ the-nominees/ best-teen-series

[18] http:/ / www2. teenreadawards. ca/ the-nominees/ best-hottie

[19] http:/ / www. goodreads. com/ award/ choice/ 2010#41639-Goodreads-Author

[20] http:/ / www. goodreads. com/ award/ choice/ 2010#41617-Favorite-Book-of-2010

[21] http:/ / www. goodreads. com/ award/ choice/ 2010#41652-Young-Adult-Fantasy

[22] http:/ / www. goodreads. com/ award/ choice/ 2010#41693-Favorite-Heroine

[23] http:/ / www. goodreads. com/ award/ choice/ 2010#41654-Favorite-Hero

[24] http:/ / www. goodreads. com/ award/ choice/ 2010#41647-Paranormal-Fantasy Richelle Mead 190

External links

• Richelle Mead's official website (http:/ / www. richellemead. com)

• Richelle Mead (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Richelle_Mead) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database • Works by Richelle Mead on Open Library at the Internet Archive Rick Riordan 191 Rick Riordan

Rick Riordan

Riordan signing copies of The Battle of the Labyrinth on November 3, 2007

Born June 5, 1964San Antonio, Texas

Occupation Author

Genres Fantasy, , Mythology

Notable work(s) Percy Jackson and the Olympians series, The Red Pyramid, The Lost Hero, The Maze of Bones

[1]

Richard Russell "Rick" Riordan, Jr. (born June 5, 1964)[2] is the author of the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series. He also wrote the Tres Navarre mystery series for adults[3] and helped to edit Demigods and Monsters, a collection of essays on the topic of his Percy Jackson series. He helped develop the 10 books in The 39 Clues series, published by Scholastic Corporation, and wrote the first book in the series, The Maze of Bones.[4]

Life and career Riordan was born in San Antonio, Texas.[5] He graduated from Alamo Heights High School in 1982 and the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where he double-majored in English and History.[6] For fifteen years, Riordan taught in public and private schools in California and in San Antonio.[7] He was awarded St. Mary's Hall's first Master Teacher Award in 2002.[8] As a novelist, Riordan has created many successful series. The multi-award-winning[9] Tres Navarre mystery series, intended for adults, follows the fast-paced adventures of an erudite Texan private eye. Riordan also helped create the young adult series The 39 Clues; he authored several of its books, including The Maze of Bones, which topped the New York Times Best Seller list on September 28, 2008.[10] His Percy Jackson and the Olympians series features a twelve-year-old boy who discovers he is the modern-day son of an ancient Greek god. Twentieth Century Fox purchased the film rights and released a feature film on February 12, 2010.[11] Following the success of Percy Jackson, Rick Riordan created The Kane Chronicles, which features a modern-day Egyptian pantheon and two new sibling protagonists. Its first book, The Red Pyramid, was released on May 4, 2010; the sequel will be released on May 3, 2011.[12] Riordan also created a sequel series to the Percy Jackson books, The Heroes of Olympus. Its first book, The Lost Hero, was released in the U.S. on October 12, 2010; the sequel, The Son of Neptune, will arrive in the Rick Riordan 192

fall of 2011. Riordan plans to expand both series simultaneously. The San Diego Comic-Con International 2010 featured Riordan as a guest.[13] Rick Riordan lives in San Antonio with his wife and their two sons.

Published books

Camp Half-Blood Series

Percy Jackson and the Olympians • The Lightning Thief – June 28, 2005 hardcover, March 21, 2006 paperback • The Sea of Monsters – May 3, 2006 • The Titan's Curse – May 1, 2007 • The Battle of the Labyrinth – U.S.A. May 6, 2008, U.K. July 3, 2008 • The Last Olympian – May 5, 2009

The Heroes of Olympus • The Lost Hero - October 12, 2010 • The Son of Neptune - Fall 2011

Companion books • The Demigod Files – February 10, 2009 • Demigods and Monsters – February 10, 2009 • The Ultimate Guide – January 19, 2010

Movie • Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010)

Graphic novels • The Lightning Thief - October 12, 2010

The 39 Clues series • The Maze of Bones – September 9, 2008 • The 39 Clues#Bonus Book: The Black Book of Buried Secrets – (Introduction) October 26, 2010 • Vespers Rising

Tres Navarre Series • Big Red Tequila – June 1997 • Widower's Two-Step – June 1998 • The Last King of Texas – January 2000 • The Devil Went Down to Austin – June 2001 • Southtown – April 2004 • Mission Road – June 2005 • Rebel Island– August 2007 Rick Riordan 193

The Kane Chronicles • The Red Pyramid – May 4, 2010[12] • The Throne of Fire – May 3, 2011[14]

Awards • 1998 Shamus Award and Anthony Award for Big Red Tequila[9] • 1999 Edgar Award for Best Paperback Original for The Widower's Two-Step[15] • 2008 Mark Twain Award for The Lightning Thief • 2009 Mark Twain Award for The Sea of Monsters • 2009 Rebecca Caudill Award for The Lightning Thief

Further reading • Art at Our Doorstep: San Antonio Writers and Artists featuring Rick Riordan. Edited by Nan Cuba and Riley Robinson (Trinity University Press, 2008).

References

[1] http:/ / www. rickriordan. com

[2] http:/ / files. usgwarchives. net/ tx/ bexar/ vitals/ births/ 1964/ bexab64i. txt

[3] "About the Author" (http:/ / www. powells. com/ biblio/ 62-9781423101451-0). powells.com. . Retrieved 2009-11-12.

[4] Italie, Hillel (September 1, 2008). "'Potter' publisher looks to promote next big thing" (http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ wires/ 2008Sep01/

0,4670,Books39Clues,00. html). FoxNews. . Retrieved 2009-04-26.

[5] "Rick Riordan ID Card" (http:/ / www. puffin. co. uk/ nf/ Author/ AuthorPage/ 0,,1000068821,00. html). . Retrieved 10 February 2010.

[6] The Alcalde (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=Xc0DAAAAMBAJ& lpg=PP1& pg=PP1#v=onepage& q& f=false). 89. Emmis Communications. March 2001. p. 84. .

[7] "Rick Riordan" (http:/ / www2. scholastic. com/ browse/ contributor. jsp?id=10315). Scholastic. . Retrieved 2009-04-26.

[8] "About the Author" (http:/ / hyperionbooksforchildren. com/ data/ books/ dgpdf/ 14231014561838. pdf). Hyperion Books for Children. . Retrieved 2009-11-12.

[9] "Big Red Tequila" (http:/ / www. powells. com/ biblio/ 61-9780553576443-0). Powells Bookstore. . Retrieved 2009-04-26.

[10] "Children's Books" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 09/ 28/ books/ bestseller/ bestchildren. html?scp=8& sq=rick riordan& st=cse). New York Times. September 28, 2008. . Retrieved 2009-04-26.

[11] "IMDB Percy Jackson film" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0814255/ ). .

[12] "The Heroes of Olympus, Book One: The Lost Hero (9781423113393): Rick Riordan: Books" (http:/ / www. amazon. com/

Camp-Half-Blood-Book-Rick-Riordan/ dp/ 142311339X/ ref=pd_sim_b_1). Amazon.com. 2009-09-09. . Retrieved 2010-05-31.

[13] SD Comic-Con '10 – Schedule for Saturday (7/24) (http:/ / www. dreadcentral. com/ news/ 38462/ sd-comic-con-10-schedule-saturday-724)

[14] Riordan, Rick (January 13, 2011). "The Throne of Fire" (http:/ / rickriordan. blogspot. com/ 2011/ 01/ throne-of-fire. html). Myth & Mystery. . Retrieved 13 January 2011.

[15] "Edgar Allan Poe Awards" (http:/ / book. consumerhelpweb. com/ awards/ edgar/ edgar1990. htm). book.consumerhelpweb.com. . Retrieved 2009-04-26.

External links

• Official Rick Riordan Site (http:/ / www. rickriordan. com)

• Official Percy Jackson UK Site (http:/ / www. percyjackson. co. uk/ site/ pj_main. php)

• Miss Erin interview (http:/ / misserinmarie. blogspot. com/ 2007/ 03/ interview-rick-riordan. html)

• Starred Review of The Last Olympian (http:/ / bookalicio. us/ 2009/ 05/

the-last-olympian-percy-jackson-and-the-olympians-book-5/ )

• Teen Libris interview (http:/ / teenlibris. com/ interview2_RickRiordan. html)

• Works by or about Rick Riordan (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-no97-39491) in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Ridley Pearson 194 Ridley Pearson

Ridley Pearson, born on March 13, 1953 in Glen Cove, New York, is an American writer. Pearson has historically written suspense and thriller novels for an adult audience, but has also begun branching out by writing adventure books for children.

Literary career

Pearson's novels for adults include Undercurrents (1988), The Angel Maker (1993), No Witnesses (1994), Chain of Evidence (1995), Beyond Recognition (1997), and The Body of David Hayes (2004). Pearson became the first American to receive the Raymond Chandler-Fulbright Fellowship at Oxford University in 1991. Many of his stories are set in

the neighborhoods in and around Seattle, Washington, many featuring Ridley Pearson in 2007 the Seattle Police detective Lou Boldt and forensic psychologist Daphne Mathews.

After his daughter asked him how Peter Pan met Captain Hook, Pearson teamed up with his long-time friend humorist Dave Barry to co-author Peter and the Starcatchers, a prequel to Peter Pan, which is published in the US by Disney and by Walker Books in the UK. Pearson and Barry have produced two further prequels – Peter and the Shadow Thieves and Peter and the Secret of Rundoon – and have announced a fourth book called Peter and the Sword of Mercy.[1] Never Land Books, a series of chapter books related to the Peter Pan novels is in progress. Also for Disney, Pearson has written three novels set inside the Magic Kingdom theme park in Orlando, Florida. Named The Kingdom Keepers: Disney After Dark, The Kingdom Keepers: Disney at Dawn, and Kingdom Keepers: Disney in Shadow, they feature Disney characters coming to life and Walt Disney leaving clues for the secrets of the park. He is also the author of The Diary of Ellen Rimbauer: My Life at Rose Red—adapted as the film The Diary of Ellen Rimbauer (2003)—and three mysteries featuring Chris Klick, under the pseudonyms of Joyce Reardon, Ph.D., and Wendell McCall, respectively.

Personal life Pearson was raised by his parents, Robert and Betsy Pearson, in Riverside, Connecticut, along with his siblings, Bradley and Wendy. He was educated at the Pomfret School, the University of Kansas, and Brown University. He lived in Shanghai, China, for the summer of 2008 and until summer of 2009 but has now come back to the US. His residence is in Saint Louis, Missouri, with his wif,,e Marcelle, and their two daughters Paige and Storey.[2] He also plays bass guitar and sings for the Rock Bottom Remainders, a band of published authors. Ridley Pearson 195

Bibliography: for adults

Boldt / Matthews 1. Undercurrents (1988) 2. The Angel Maker (1993) 3. No Witnesses (1994) 4. Beyond Recognition (1997) 5. The Pied Piper (1998) 6. The First Victim (1999) 7. Middle Of Nowhere (2000) 8. The Art Of Deception (2002) 9. The Body Of David Hayes (2004)

Chris Klick as Wendell McCall 1. Dead Aim (1988) 2. Aim For The Heart (1990) 3. Concerto In Dead Flat (1999)

Walt Fleming 1. Killer Weekend (2007) 2. Killer View (2008) 3. Killer Summer (2009)[3] 4. In Harm's Way (2010) with Boldt/Matthews

Other • Never Look Back. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1985. ISBN 0-312-56475-9. • Blood of the Albatross. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1986. ISBN 0-312-08448-X. • The Seizing of Yankee Green Mall. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1987. ISBN 0-312-00703-5. (later republished as Hidden Charges) • Probable Cause. New York: St Martin's Press. 1990. ISBN 0-312-03914-X. • Hard Fall. New York: Delacorte Press. 1992. ISBN 0-385-30138-3. • Chain of Evidence. New York: Hyperion. 1995. ISBN 0-7868-6172-X. • as Joyce Reardon, Ph.D. (2001). The Diary Of Ellen Rimbauer. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0-7868-6801-5. • Parallel Lies. New York: Hyperion. 2001. ISBN 0-7868-6564-4. • Cut and Run. New York: Hyperion. 2005. ISBN 0-7868-6726-4. Ridley Pearson 196

Bibliography: for children

The Kingdom Keepers 1. Disney After Dark (2005) - New York: Disney Editions. Sunshine State Young Readers Award 2009, Grade 6-8 winner.[4] 2. Disney at Dawn (2008) - New York: Disney Editions 3. Disney In Shadow (2010) - New York: Disney Editions[5]

Peter Pan 1. Peter and the Starcatchers (with Dave Barry) (2004) - New York: Disney Editions 2. Peter and the Shadow Thieves (with Dave Barry) (2006) 3. Peter and the Secret of Rundoon (with Dave Barry) (2007) 4. Peter and the Sword of Mercy (with Dave Barry) (2009)[6]

Never Land chapter books 1. Escape From The Carnivale (with Dave Barry) (2006) 2. Cave Of The Dark Wind (with Dave Barry) (2007) 3. Blood Tide (with Dave Barry) (2008)

Steel Trapp 1. Steel Trapp: The Challenge (2008) - New York: Disney Editions 2. Steel Trapp: The Academy (2010)[5]

Other • Science Fair (with Dave Barry) (2008) - New York: Disney Editions

References

[1] http:/ / www. davebarry. com/ news. html

[2] Pearson's bio (http:/ / www. ridleypearson. com/ ridley. php)

[3] Pearson's upcoming books page (http:/ / www. ridleypearson. com/ upcoming. php)

[4] http:/ / myssyra. org/

[5] Pearson's upcoming children's books page (http:/ / www. ridleypearson. com/ KIDS/ upcoming. php)

[6] http:/ / www. ridleypearson. com/ KIDS/ schedule. php

External links

• Official site (http:/ / www. ridleypearson. com/ )

• Fantastic Fiction Author Page (http:/ / www. fantasticfiction. co. uk/ p/ ridley-pearson/ )

• Interview, from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch (http:/ / www. stltoday. com/ stltoday/ lifestyle/ stories. nsf/

homedecor/ story/ EB2A9EE6410D0825862571B2005498D1?OpenDocument)

• 1986 audio interview of Ridley Pearson by Don Swaim of CBS Radio, RealAudio (http:/ / wiredforbooks. org/

ridleypearson/ )

• Interview Of Ridley Pearson on WDW Radio about Kingdom Keepers (http:/ / www. wdwradio. com/

WDW-Radio-Show-Disney-Podcast/ Show-114-April-12-2009. html) Roald Dahl 197 Roald Dahl

Roald Dahl

Roald Dahl in 1954

Born 13 September 1916Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom

Died 23 November 1990 (aged 74)Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom

Occupation Author, Screenwriter

Language English, Norwegian, Swahili

Nationality British

Genres Children's, adults' literature, horror, mystery, fantasy

Notable work(s) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, Fantastic Mr Fox, Matilda, The Witches, The Twits, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, The BFG, The Gremlins, The Enormous Crocodile, Esio Trot, George's Marvellous Medicine, Danny, the Champion of the World, The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me, The Minpins, The Vicar of Nibbleswicke, The Magic Finger

Spouse(s) (1953–1983; divorced; 5 children) Felicity Ann d'Abreu Crosland (1983–1990; his death)

[2]

[3] Roald Dahl (English pronunciation: /ˈroʊ.ɑːl ˈdɑːl/, Norwegian: [ˈɾuːɑl dɑl]; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, fighter pilot and screenwriter. Born in Llandaff, Cardiff, to Norwegian parents, he served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, in which he became a flying ace and intelligence agent, rising to the rank of Wing Commander. Dahl rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults, and became one of the world's bestselling authors.[4] [5] He has been referred to as "one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century".[6] In 2008 The Times placed Dahl sixteenth on their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[7] His short stories are known for their unexpected endings, and his children's books for their unsentimental, often very dark humour. Some of his better-known works include James and the Giant Peach, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Fantastic Mr Fox, Matilda, The Witches, and The Big Friendly Giant. Roald Dahl 198

Early life Roald Dahl was born at Villa Marie, Fairwater Road in Llandaff, Glamorgan, Wales in 1916, to Norwegian parents, Harald Dahl and Sofie Magdalene Dahl (née Hesselberg).[8] Dahl's father had moved from Sarpsborg in and settled in Cardiff in the 1880s. His mother came over to marry his father in 1911. Dahl was named after the polar explorer Roald Amundsen, a national hero in Norway at the time. He spoke Norwegian at home with his parents and sisters, Astri, Alfhild, and Else. Dahl and his sisters were christened at the Norwegian Church, Cardiff, where their parents worshipped.[9] In 1920, when Dahl was still three years old, his seven-year-old sister, Astri, died from appendicitis. Weeks later, his father died of pneumonia at the age of 57. With the option of returning to Norway to live with relatives, Dahl's mother decided to remain in Wales, because her husband Harald had wished to have their children educated in British schools, which he considered the world's best.[10] Dahl first attended The Cathedral School, Llandaff. At the age of eight, he and four of his friends (one named Thwaites) were caned by the headmaster after putting a dead mouse in a jar of gobstoppers at the local sweet shop,[6] which was owned by a "mean and loathsome" old woman called Mrs Pratchett.[6] This was known amongst the five boys as the "Great Mouse Plot of 1924".[11] Thereafter, he transferred to a boarding school in England: Saint Peter's in Weston-super-Mare. Roald's parents had wanted him to be educated at a British public school and, at the time, because of a then regular ferry link across the Bristol Channel, this proved to be the nearest. His time at Saint Peter's was an unpleasant experience for him. He was very homesick and wrote to his mother every week, but never revealed to her his unhappiness, being under the pressure of school censorship. Only after her death in 1967 did he find out that she had saved every single one of his letters, in small bundles held together with green tape.[12] Dahl wrote about his time at St. Peter's in his autobiography Boy: Tales of Childhood.[13] From 1929, he attended Repton School in Derbyshire, where, according to Boy: Tales of Childhood, a friend named Michael was viciously caned by headmaster Geoffrey Fisher, the man who later became the Archbishop of Canterbury and crowned the Queen in 1953. (However, according to Dahl's biographer Jeremy Treglown,[14] the caning took place in May 1933, a year after Fisher had left Repton. The headmaster concerned was in fact J.T. Christie, Fisher's successor.) This caused Dahl to "have doubts about religion and even about God".[15] He was never seen as a particularly talented writer in his school years, with one of his English teachers writing in his school report "I have never met anybody who so persistently writes words meaning the exact opposite of what is intended,"[16] Dahl was exceptionally tall, reaching 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) in adult life.[17] He excelled at sports, being made captain of the school fives and squash teams, and also playing for the football team. He developed an interest in photography. During his years at Repton, Cadbury, the chocolate company, would occasionally send boxes of new chocolates to the school to be tested by the pupils. Dahl apparently used to dream of inventing a new chocolate bar that would win the praise of Mr. Cadbury himself, and this proved the inspiration for him to write his third book for children, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1963) and include references to chocolate in other books for children.[18] Throughout his childhood and adolescent years, Dahl spent his summer holidays with his mother's family in Norway. His childhood and first job selling kerosene in Midsomer Norton and surrounding villages in Somerset are subjects in Boy: Tales of Childhood. The main child character in his 1983 book The Witches is a British boy of Norwegian origin whose grandmother is still living in Norway.[19] After finishing his schooling, he spent three weeks hiking through Newfoundland with the Public Schools' Exploring Society (now known as BSES Expeditions).[20] Roald Dahl 199

Prewar career and fighter ace In July 1934, Dahl joined the Shell Petroleum Company. Following two years of training in the UK, he was transferred to Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika (now Tanzania). Along with the only two other Shell employees in the entire territory, he lived in luxury in the Shell House outside Dar-es-Salaam, with a cook and personal servants. While out on assignments supplying oil to customers across Tanganyika, he encountered black mambas and lions, amongst other wildlife.[15]

Roald Dahl 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990 (aged 74) Place of birth Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales Place of death Oxford, England

Allegiance United Kingdom Service/branch British Army (August–November 1939) Royal Air Force (November 1939–1945) Years of service 1939–1945 Rank Wing Commander Battles/wars World War II Other work Author

In August 1939, as World War II loomed, plans were made to round up the hundreds of Germans in Dar-es-Salaam. Dahl was made an officer in the King's African Rifles, commanding a platoon of Askaris, indigenous troops serving in the colonial army.[21] In November 1939, Dahl joined the Royal Air Force as an Aircraftman. After a 600-mile (970 km) car journey from Dar-es-Salaam to Nairobi, he was accepted for flight training with 16 other men, and was one of only three who survived the war. With seven hours and 40 minutes experience in a De Havilland Tiger Moth, he flew solo; Dahl enjoyed watching the wildlife of Kenya during his flights. He continued to advanced flying training in Iraq, at RAF Habbaniya, 50 miles (80 km) west of Baghdad. He was promoted to Leading Aircraftman on 24 August 1940.[22] Following six months' training on Hawker Harts, Dahl was made an Acting Pilot Officer. He was assigned to No. 80 Squadron RAF, flying obsolete Gloster Gladiators, the last biplane fighter aircraft used by the RAF. Dahl was surprised to find that he would not receive any specialised training in aerial combat, or in flying Gladiators. On 19 September 1940, Dahl was ordered to fly his Gladiator from Abu Sueir in Egypt, on to Amiriya to refuel, and again to Fouka in Libya for a second refuelling. From there he would fly to 80 Squadron's forward airstrip 30 miles (48 km) south of Mersa Matruh. On the final leg, he could not find the airstrip and, running low on fuel and with night approaching, he was forced to attempt a landing in the desert. The undercarriage hit a boulder and the aircraft crashed, fracturing his skull, smashing his nose, and temporarily blinding him.[23] He managed to drag himself away from the blazing wreckage and passed out. Later, he wrote about the crash for his first published work.[23] Dahl was rescued and taken to a first-aid post in Mersa Matruh, where he regained consciousness, but not his sight, and was then taken by train to the Royal Navy hospital in Alexandria. There he fell in and out of love with a nurse, Mary Welland. An RAF inquiry into the crash revealed that the location to which he had been told to fly was completely wrong, and he had mistakenly been sent instead to the no man's land between the Allied and Italian forces.[24] In February 1941, Dahl was discharged from hospital and passed fully fit for flying duties. By this time, 80 Squadron had been transferred to the Greek campaign and based at Eleusina, near Athens. The squadron was now equipped with Hawker Hurricanes. Dahl flew a replacement Hurricane across the Mediterranean Sea in April 1941, after seven Roald Dahl 200

hours flying Hurricanes. By this stage in the Greek campaign, the RAF had only 18 combat aircraft in Greece: 14 Hurricanes and four Bristol Blenheim light bombers. Dahl saw his first aerial combat on 15 April 1941, while flying alone over the city of Chalcis. He attacked six Junkers Ju-88s that were bombing ships and shot one down. On 16 April in another air battle, he shot down another Ju-88.[25] On 20 April 1941, Dahl took part in the "Battle of Athens", alongside the highest-scoring British Commonwealth ace of World War II, Pat Pattle and Dahl's friend David Coke. Of 12 Hurricanes involved, five were shot down and four of their pilots killed, including Pattle. Greek observers on the ground counted 22 German aircraft downed, but because of the confusion of the aerial engagement, none of the pilots knew which plane they had shot down. Dahl described it as "an endless blur of enemy fighters whizzing towards me from every side".[26] In May, as the Germans were pressing on Athens, Dahl was evacuated to Egypt. His squadron was reassembled in Haifa. From there, Dahl flew sorties every day for a period of four weeks, shooting down a Vichy French Air Force Potez 63 on 8 June and another Ju-88 on 15 June, but he then began to get severe headaches that caused him to black out. He was invalided home to Britain. Though at this time Dahl was only an Acting Pilot Officer, in September 1941 he was simultaneously confirmed as a Pilot Officer and promoted to Flying Officer.[27] Dahl began writing in 1942, after he was transferred to Washington, D.C. as Assistant Air Attaché. His first published work, in 1 August 1942 issue of The Saturday Evening Post, was "Shot Down Over Libya" which described the crash of his Gloster Gladiator. C. S. Forester had asked Dahl to write down some RAF anecdotes so that he could shape them into a story. After Forester read what Dahl had given him, he decided to publish the story exactly as Dahl had written it. The original title of the article was "A Piece of Cake" but the title was changed to sound more dramatic, despite the fact that he was not actually shot down.[24] Dahl was promoted to Flight Lieutenant in August 1942.[28] During the war, Forester worked for the British Information Service and was writing propaganda for the Allied cause, mainly for American consumption.[29] This work introduced Dahl to espionage and the activities of the Canadian spymaster William Stephenson, known by the codename "Intrepid".[30] During the war, Dahl supplied intelligence from Washington to Stephenson and his organisation known as British Security Coordination, which was part of MI6. He was revealed in the 1980s to have been serving to help promote Britain's interests and message in the United States and to combat the "America First" movement, working with such other well known agents as Ian Fleming and David Ogilvy.[31] Dahl was once sent back to Britain by British Embassy officials, supposedly for misconduct – "I got booted out by the big boys," he said. Stephenson promptly sent him back to Washington—with a promotion to Wing Commander.[32] Towards the end of the war, Dahl wrote some of the history of the secret organisation and he and Stephenson remained friends for decades after the war.[33] Upon the war's conclusion, Dahl held the rank of a temporary Wing Commander (substantive Flight Lieutenant). Owing to his accident in 1940 having left him with excruciating headaches while flying, in August 1946 he was invalided out of the RAF. He left the service with the substantive rank of Squadron Leader.[34] His record of five aerial victories, qualifying him as a flying ace, has been confirmed by post-war research and cross-referenced in Axis records, although it is most likely that he scored more than that during 20 April 1941 when 22 German aircraft were shot down.[35] Roald Dahl 201

Postwar life

Family

Dahl married American actress Patricia Neal on 2 July 1953 at Trinity Church in New York City. Their marriage lasted for 30 years and they had five children: Olivia, Tessa, Theo, Ophelia, and Lucy.[36] On 5 December 1960, four-month-old Theo Dahl was severely injured when his baby carriage was struck by a taxicab in New York City. For a time, he suffered from hydrocephalus, and as a result, his father became involved in the development of what became known as the "Wade-Dahl-Till" (or WDT) valve, a device to alleviate the condition.[37] [38]

In November 1962, Olivia Dahl died of measles encephalitis at age seven. Dahl subsequently became a proponent of immunization[39] and dedicated his 1982 book The BFG to his deceased daughter.[40] In 1965, wife Patricia Neal suffered three burst cerebral aneurysms while pregnant with their fifth child, Lucy; Dahl took control of her rehabilitation and she eventually relearned to talk and walk, and even returned to her acting career.[41] Patricia Neal and Roald Dahl Following a divorce from Neal in 1983, Dahl married Felicity "Liccy" Crosland the same year at Brixton Town Hall, South London, with whom he was in a relationship prior to this.[42] According to a biographer, Donald Sturrock, Liccy gave up her job and moved into 'Gipsy House', Great Missenden, which had been Dahl's home since 1954.[43] He is the father of the author Tessa Dahl, grandfather of author, cookbook writer, and former model Sophie Dahl (whom Sophie in The BFG is named after[44] ).

Death and legacy

Roald Dahl died on 23 November 1990, at the age of 74 of a blood disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, in Oxford,[45] and was buried in the cemetery at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church in Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England. According to his granddaughter, the family gave him a "sort of Viking funeral". He was buried with his snooker cues, some very good burgundy, chocolates, HB pencils and a power saw. In his honour, the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery was opened in November 1996, at the Buckinghamshire County Museum in nearby Aylesbury.[46]

In 2002, one of Cardiff Bay's modern landmarks, the historic Oval Basin plaza, was re-christened "Roald Dahl Plass". "Plass" means "place" or "square" in Norwegian, referring to the acclaimed late writer's Norwegian roots. Dahl's gravestone, St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Great There have also been calls from the public for a permanent Missenden, Buckinghamshire statue of him to be erected in the city.[47] Roald Dahl 202

Dahl's charitable commitments in the fields of neurology, haematology and literacy have been continued by his widow since his death, through Roald Dahl's Marvellous Children's Charity, formerly known as the Roald Dahl Foundation.[48] [49] In June 2005, the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre opened in Great Missenden to celebrate the work of Roald Dahl and advance his work in literacy education.[50] [51] In 2008, the UK charity Booktrust and Children's Laureate Michael Rosen inaugurated The Roald Dahl Funny Prize, an annual award to authors of humorous children's fiction.[52] [53] On 14 September 2009 (the day after what would have been Dahl's 93rd birthday) the first blue plaque in his honour was unveiled in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales.[54] Rather than commemorating his place of birth, however, the plaque was erected on the wall of the former sweet shop (and site of "The Great Mouse Plot of 1924") that features in the first part of his autobiography Boy. It was unveiled by his widow Felicity and son Theo.[54] In honour of Roald Dahl, Gibraltar Post issued a set of four stamps in 2010 featuring Quentin Blake’s original illustrations for four of the children’s books written by Dahl during his long career; The BFG, The Twits, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Matilda.[55] Dahl's influence has extended beyond literary figures, and he connected with film director Tim Burton with his "mixture of light and darkness, and not speaking down to kids, and the kind of politically incorrect humour that kids get".[56] Regarded as "one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century",[6] Dahl was listed as one of the greatest British writers since 1945.[7] He ranks amongst the world's bestselling fiction authors with sales estimated at over 100 million,[4] [5] and his books have been published in almost 50 languages.[57] In 2003, the UK survey entitled The Big Read carried out by the BBC in order to find the "nations best loved novel" of all time, four of Dahl's books were named in the Top 100, with only works by Charles Dickens and Terry Pratchett featuring more.[58]

Roald Dahl Day The anniversary of Dahl's birthday on 13 September is celebrated as "Roald Dahl Day" in Africa, the United Kingdom, and Latin America.[57] [59] [60]

Writing

Dahl's first published work, inspired by a meeting with C. S. Forester, was "A Piece Of Cake." on August 1, 1942. The story, about his wartime adventures, was bought by The Saturday Evening Post for $1000 (a substantial sum in 1942) and published under the title "Shot Down Over Libya".[61] His first children's book was The Gremlins, about mischievous little creatures that were part of RAF folklore.[62] All the RAF pilots blamed

the gremlins for all the problems with the plane. The book, which First Roald Dahl's story "The Devious Bachelor" was [62] Lady of the U.S. Eleanor Roosevelt read to her grandchildren, was illustrated by Frederick Siebel when it was commissioned by Walt Disney for a film that was never made, and published in Collier's (September 1953). published in 1943. Dahl went on to create some of the best-loved children's stories of the 20th century, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda, James and the Giant Peach, The Witches, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, The BFG, George's Marvellous Medicine and Fantastic Mr Fox.

Dahl also had a very successful parallel career as the writer of macabre adult short stories, usually with a dark sense of humour and a surprise ending.[63] The Mystery Writers of America presented Dahl with three Edgar Awards for his work, and many were originally written for American magazines such as Collier's, Ladies Home Journal, Harper's, Playboy and The New Yorker. Works such as Kiss Kiss subsequently collected Dahl's stories into anthologies, gaining worldwide acclaim. Dahl wrote more than 60 short stories; they have appeared in numerous Roald Dahl 203

collections, some only being published in book form after his death (See List of Roald Dahl short stories). His three Edgar Awards were given for: in 1954, for the collection Someone Like You; in 1959, for the story "The Landlady"; and in 1980, for the episode of Tales of the Unexpected based on "Skin".[63] One of his more famous adult stories, "The Smoker" (also known as "Man From the South"), was filmed twice as both 1960 and 1985 episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and also adapted into Quentin Tarantino's segment of the 1995 film Four Rooms.[64] This bizarre, oft-anthologised suspense classic concerns a man residing in Jamaica who wagers with visitors in an attempt to claim the fingers from their hands. The 1960 Hitchcock version stars Steve McQueen and Peter Lorre.[64] His short story collection Tales of the Unexpected was adapted to a successful TV series of the same name, beginning with "Man From the South".[65] When the stock of Dahl's own original stories was exhausted, the series continued by adapting stories by authors that were written in Dahl's style, including the writers John Collier and . He acquired a traditional Romanichal Gypsy wagon in the 1960s, and the family used it as a playhouse for his children. He later used the vardo as a writing room, where he wrote the book Danny, the Champion of the World.[66] A number of his short stories are supposed to be extracts from the diary of his (fictional) Uncle Oswald, a rich gentleman whose sexual exploits form the subject of these stories.[67] In his novel My Uncle Oswald, the uncle engages a temptress to seduce 20th Century geniuses and royalty with a love potion secretly added to chocolate truffles made by Dahl's favourite chocolate shop, Prestat of Piccadilly.[67] Memories with Food at Gipsy House, written with his wife Felicity and published posthumously in 1991, was a mixture of recipes, family reminiscences and Dahl's musings on favourite subjects such as chocolate, onions, and claret.[48] [68]

Children's fiction Dahl's children's works are usually told from the point of view of a child. They typically involve adult villains or villainesses who hate and mistreat children, and feature at least one "good" adult to counteract the villain(s). These stock characters are possibly a reference to the abuse that Dahl stated that he experienced in the boarding schools he attended.[6] They usually contain a lot of black humour and grotesque scenarios, including gruesome violence. The Witches, George's Marvellous Medicine and Matilda are examples of this formula. The BFG follows it in a more analogous way with the good giant (the BFG or "Big Friendly Giant") representing the "good adult" archetype and the other giants being the "bad adults". This formula is also somewhat evident in Dahl's film script for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. Class-conscious themes – ranging from the thinly veiled to the blatant – also surface in works such as Fantastic Mr Fox and Danny, the Champion of the World. Dahl also features in his books characters that are very fat, usually children. Augustus Gloop, Bruce Bogtrotter, and Bruno Jenkins are a few of these characters, although an enormous woman named Aunt Sponge is featured in James and the Giant Peach and the nasty farmer Boggis in Fantastic Mr Fox features as an enormously fat character. All of these characters (with the possible exception of Bruce Bogtrotter) are either villains or simply unpleasant gluttons. They are usually punished for this: Augustus Gloop drinks from Willy Wonka's chocolate river, disregarding the adults who tell him not to, and falls in, getting sucked up a pipe and nearly being turned into fudge. Bruce Bogtrotter steals cake from the evil headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, and is forced to eat a gigantic chocolate cake in front of the school. Bruno Jenkins is turned into a mouse by witches who lure him to their convention with the promise of chocolate, and, it is speculated, possibly disowned or even killed by his parents because of this. Aunt Sponge is flattened by a giant peach. Dahl's mother used to tell him and his sisters tales about trolls and other mythical Norwegian creatures and some of his children's books contain references or elements inspired by these stories, such as the giants in The BFG, the fox family in Fantastic Mr Fox and the trolls in The Minpins. In his poetry, Dahl gives a humorous re-interpretation of well-known nursery rhymes and fairy tales, providing surprise endings in place of the traditional happily-ever-after. Dahl's collection of poems Revolting Rhymes is Roald Dahl 204

recorded in audio book form, and narrated by actor Alan Cumming.[69]

Screenplays For a brief period in the 1960s, Dahl wrote screenplays. Two – the film You Only Live Twice and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang – were adaptations of novels by Ian Fleming, though both were rewritten and completed by other writers. Dahl also began adapting his own novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, which was completed and rewritten by David Seltzer after Dahl failed to meet deadlines, and produced as the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971). Dahl later disowned the film, saying he was "disappointed" because "he thought it placed too much emphasis on Willy Wonka and not enough on Charlie".[70] He was also "infuriated" by the deviations in the plot devised by David Seltzer in his draft of the screenplay. This resulted in his refusal for any more versions of the book to be made in his lifetime.[71]

Influences Not surprisingly, a major part of Dahl's literary influences stemmed from his childhood. In his younger days, he was an avid reader, especially awed by fantastic tales of heroism and triumph. Amongst his favourite authors were Rudyard Kipling, William Thackeray, Frederick Marryat and Charles Dickens and their works went on to make a lasting mark on his life and writing. Dahl was also a huge fan of ghost stories and claimed that Trolls by Jonas Lie was one of the finest ghost stories ever written. While he was still a youngster, his mother, Sofie Dahl, would relate traditional Norwegian myths and legends from her native homeland to Dahl and his sisters. Dahl always maintained that his mother and her stories had a strong influence on his writing. In one interview he mentioned, "She was a great teller of tales. Her memory was prodigious and nothing that ever happened to her in her life was forgotten."[72] When Dahl started writing and publishing his famous books for children, he created a grandmother character in The Witches and later stated that she was based directly on his own mother as a tribute.[1] [73]

Television

Way Out In 1961, Dahl hosted and wrote for a science fiction and horror television anthology series called Way Out, which preceded the Twilight Zone series on the CBS network for 14 episodes[74] from March to July. Dahl's comedic monologues rounded off the episodes, frequently explaining exactly how to murder one's spouse without getting caught. In one introduction, Dahl ruminated about the popularity of the crewcut at the time and how it seemed to make some men feel tougher. The former fighter pilot dryly observed that "....it really doesn't help when the chips are down, though, does it?" One of the last dramatic network shows shot in New York City, the entire series is available for viewing at The Paley Center for Media in New York City and Los Angeles.

Tales of the Unexpected Tales of the Unexpected is a British television series that originally aired between 1979 and 1988, made by Anglia Television for ITV. The series had been released to tie in with Dahl's Tales of the Unexpected, which had introduced readers to many motifs that were common in his writing.[65] The series was an anthology of different tales, initially based on Dahl's short stories.[65] The stories were sometimes sinister, sometimes wryly comedic, and usually had a twist ending. Dahl introduced on camera all the episodes of the first two series, which bore the full title Roald Dahl's Tales Of The Unexpected.[75] Dahl also chose the stories not written by him to be adapted for the second series, and a small number of additional Dahl stories were adapted for the third series onwards following his departure. Roald Dahl 205

List of works

Adult fiction

Children's stories Novels 1. The Gremlins (1943) 1. Sometime Never: A Fable for (1948) 2. James and the Giant Peach (1961) — Film: James and the Giant Peach 2. My Uncle Oswald (1979) (live-action/animated) (1996) [76] Short story collections 3. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964) — Films: Willy Wonka & the 1. Over To You: Ten Stories of Flyers and Flying (1946) Chocolate Factory (1971) and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) 2. Someone Like You (1953) 4. The Magic Finger (1 June 1966) 3. Lamb to the Slaughter (1953) 5. Fantastic Mr Fox (9 December 1970) — Film: Fantastic Mr. Fox (animated) 4. Kiss Kiss (1960) (2009) [76] 5. Twenty-Nine Kisses from Roald Dahl (1969) 6. Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator (9 January 1972) A sequel to 6. Switch Bitch (1974) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. 7. The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More (1977) 7. Danny, the Champion of the World (30 October 1975) — Film: Danny the 8. The Best of Roald Dahl (1978) Champion of the World (TV movie) (1989) 9. Tales of the Unexpected (1979) 8. The Enormous Crocodile (24 August 1978) 10. More Tales of the Unexpected (1980) 9. The Twits (17 December 1980) 11. Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories (1983). Edited with an 10. George's Marvellous Medicine (21 May 1981) introduction by Dahl. 11. The BFG (14 October 1982) — Film: The BFG (animated) (1989) 12. The Roald Dahl Omnibus (Dorset Press, 1986) 12. The Witches (27 October 1983) — Film: The Witches (1990) 13. Two Fables (1986). "Princess and the Poacher" and 13. The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me (26 September 1985) "Princess Mammalia". 14. Matilda (21 April 1988) — Film: Matilda (1996) 14. Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald 15. Esio Trot (19 April 1989) Dahl (1989) 16. The Vicar of Nibbleswicke (9 May 1990) 15. The Collected Short Stories of Dahl (1991) 17. The Minpins (8 August 1991) 16. The Roald Dahl Treasury (1997) Children's poetry 17. The Great Automatic Grammatizator (1997). (Known in the 1. Revolting Rhymes (10 June 1982) USA as The Umbrella Man and Other Stories). 2. Dirty Beasts (25 October 1984) 18. Skin And Other Stories (2000) 3. Rhyme Stew (21 September 1989) 19. Roald Dahl: Collected Stories (2006) See the alphabetical List of Roald Dahl short stories. See also Roald Dahl: Collected Stories for a complete, chronological listing. Roald Dahl 206

Film scripts

Non-fiction 1. The Gremlins (1943) 1. The Mildenhall Treasure (1946, 1977, 1999) 2. 36 Hours (1965) 2. Boy – Tales of Childhood (1984) Recollections up to the age of 20, looking particularly at 3. You Only Live Twice (1967) schooling in Britain in the early part of the 20th century. 4. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) 3. Going Solo (1986) Continuation of his autobiography, in which he goes to work for Shell and 5. The Night Digger (1971) spends some time working in Tanzania before joining the war effort and becoming one of the last 6. Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Allied pilots to withdraw from Greece during the German invasion. (1971) [77] 4. Measles, a Dangerous Illness (1986) 5. Memories with Food at Gipsy House (1991) Television 6. Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety (1991) 7. My Year (1993) 1. Way Out (1961) Horror series hosted by 8. Roald Dahl's Revolting Recipes by Felicity Dahl, et al. (1994), a collection of recipes based on Roald Dahl and produced by David and inspired by food in Dahl's books, created by Roald & Felicity Dahl, and Josie Fison Susskind 9. Roald Dahl's Even More Revolting Recipes by Felicity Dahl, et al. (2001) 2. Alfred Hitchcock Presents: "Lamb to the Slaughter" (1958) 3. Alfred Hitchcock Presents: "Dip in the Plays Pool" (1958) 1. The Honeys (1955) Produced at the Longacre Theater on Broadway. 4. Alfred Hitchcock Presents: "Poison" (1958) 5. Alfred Hitchcock Presents: "Man from the South" (1960) with Steve McQueen and Peter Lorre 6. Alfred Hitchcock Presents: "Mrs. Bixby and the Colonel's Coat" (1960) 7. Alfred Hitchcock Presents: "The Landlady" (1961) 8. Tales of the Unexpected (1979–88), episodes written and introduced by Dahl

[1] Roald Dahl Literary Influences (http:/ / www. infloox. com/ person?id=6a5f6877) infloox.com

[2] http:/ / www. roalddahl. com

[3] Pronunciation of Roald Dahl : How to pronounce Roald Dahl (http:/ / inogolo. com/ pronunciation/ d1324/ Roald_Dahl) inogolo.com

[4] Britain celebrates first Roald Dahl Day (http:/ / today. msnbc. msn. com/ id/ 14817244/ from/ ET/ 38893930) msnbc: "Dahl's books, many of them darkly comic and featuring villainous adult enemies of the child characters, have sold over 100 million copies." (13 September 2006)

[5] Fans gather for Dahl celebration (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ entertainment/ 5341084. stm) BBC News: "Exhibitions and children's reading campaigns are being held to commemorate the life of Dahl, who died in 1990 and has sold more than 100 million books." (13 September 2006)

[6] Once upon a time, there was a man who liked to make up stories ... (http:/ / www. independent. co. uk/ opinion/ commentators/

once-upon-a-time-there-was-a-man-who-liked-to-make-up-stories-2158052. html) The Independent (Sunday, 12 December 2010)

[7] The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 (http:/ / entertainment. timesonline. co. uk/ tol/ arts_and_entertainment/ books/ article3127837. ece). The Times. 5 January 2008. Retrieved on 1 February 2010. [8] Philip Howard, "Dahl, Roald (1916–1990)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004

[9] Colin Palfrey (2006) Cardiff Soul: An Underground Guide to the City (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=pOfJeCs0cDIC& pg=PA76&

dq=ROALD+ DAHL+ BAPTISED+ Norwegian+ Church& hl=en& ei=uRINTZLKKNG4hAfvt9i3Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result&

resnum=3& ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage& q=ROALD DAHL BAPTISED Norwegian Church& f=false) [10] Jill C. Wheeler (2006) Roald Dahl p.9. ABDO Publishing Company, 2006

[11] Michael D. Sharp (2006) Popular Contemporary Writers (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=8d-nHl6bZtgC& pg=PA516& dq=roald+

dahl+ great+ mouse+ plot& hl=en& ei=PYwiTdLLHsOChQeNsKG4Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=4&

ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage& q=roald dahl great mouse plot& f=false) p.516. Marshall Cavendish, 2006

[12] "Roald Dahl's " (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ wales/ arts/ sites/ roald-dahl/ pages/ media-2000-school. shtml). BBC Wales. . Retrieved 24 January 2010. [13] Dahl, Roald (1984). Boy: Tales of Childhood. Puffin Books. ISBN 9780141303055. [14] Jeremy Treglown, Roald Dahl: A Biography (1994) , Faber and Faber, page 21. Treglown's source note is as follows: "Several people who were at the top of Priory House at the time have discussed it with me, particularly B.L.L. Reuss and John Bradburn." [15] Dahl, Roald (1984). Boy: Tales of Childhood. Jonathan Cape.

[16] http:/ / www. kirjasto. sci. fi/ rdahl. htm Roald Dahl 207

[17] Roald Dahl – Penguin UK Authors (http:/ / www. penguin. co. uk/ nf/ Author/ AuthorPage/ 0,,1000008184,00. html) – Penguin UK [18] Roald Dahl (derivative work) and Quentin Blake (2005). Roald Dahl’s Incredible Chocolate Box. ISBN 0-141-31959-3.

[19] The Witches: A 1983 Roald Dahl book, was made into a 1990 film starring Anjelica Huston (http:/ / tvtropes. org/ pmwiki/ pmwiki. php/

Main/ TheWitches)

[20] Roald Dahl (British author) (http:/ / www. britannica. com/ EBchecked/ topic/ 149746/ Roald-Dahl) Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 4 January 2010

[21] Donald Sturrock Storyteller: The Authorized Biography of Roald Dahl (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=udN6caZEJesC&

pg=PA116& dq=roald+ Dahl+ -+ King's+ African+ Rifle& hl=en& ei=7RMNTazoEIqEhQfuk8S3Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result&

resnum=2& ved=0CD8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage& q& f=false) p.116. Simon and Schuster, 2010

[22] The London Gazette, 8 October, 1940 (http:/ / www. london-gazette. co. uk/ issues/ 34964/ pages/ 5907)

[23] Alan Warren (1988) Roald Dahl (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=X5BaAAAAMAAJ& q=dahl+ fractured+ his+ skull& dq=dahl+

fractured+ his+ skull& hl=en& ei=iYsHTZO5N86ChQfgj4ntBw& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=4& ved=0CDQQ6AEwAw) pp.12, 87. Starmont House, 1988 [24] Dahl, Roald (1986). Going Solo. Jonathan Cape.

[25] Andrew Thomas Hurricane Aces 1941-45 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=4u-QXw2bjwUC& pg=PA36& dq=roald+ dahl+ -+ 16+

April+ Ju-88& hl=en& ei=BOQQTY7-KYOWhQeUl424Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=2&

ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage& q& f=false) Osprey Publishing, 2003

[26] Roald Dahl Going Solo (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=weZxpJUHuPUC& q=an+ endless+ blur+ of+ enemy+ fighters+ whizzing+

towards+ me+ from+ every& dq=an+ endless+ blur+ of+ enemy+ fighters+ whizzing+ towards+ me+ from+ every& hl=en&

ei=FYUHTbzIDoSYhQfI5azuBw& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=3& ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg) p.151. Scholastic, 1996

[27] http:/ / www. london-gazette. co. uk/ issues/ 35292/ pages/ 5664

[28] http:/ / www. london-gazette. co. uk/ issues/ 35791/ supplements/ 5037 [29] Cambridge Guide to Literature (Cambridge University Press, 1989) ISBN 0-521-26751-X.

[30] Ellen Schoeck I was there: a century of alumni stories about the University of Alberta, 1906-2006 (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/

books?id=-JbF6kwRZiMC& pg=PA221& dq=roald+ dahl+ -+ intrepid+ william+ stevenson& hl=en& ei=9eIQTdHMO8G4hAeW4Ni3Dg&

sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=5& ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage& q=roald dahl - intrepid william stevenson& f=false) University of Alberta, 2006 [31] The book "The Irregulars" (by Jennet Conant, Simon and Schuster 2008) describes this era of Dahl's life and those with whom he worked. [32] Bill Macdonald – The True Intrepid p249 (Raincoast 2001)ISBN 1-55192-418-8 Dahl also speaks about his espionage work in the documentary The True Intrepid [33] Macdonald – The True Intrepid p243 ISBN 1-55192-418-8.

[34] The London Gazette (http:/ / www. london-gazette. co. uk/ issues/ 37681/ supplements/ 4054) [35] Christopher Shores and Clive Williams – Aces High: A Tribute to the Most Notable Fighter Pilots of the British and Commonwealth Air Forces in WWII (Grub Street Publishing, 1994) ISBN 1-898697-00-0.

[36] 'Dad also needed happy dreams’: Roald Dahl, his daughters and the BFG (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ culture/ books/

biographyandmemoirreviews/ 7930232/ Dad-also-needed-happy-dreams-Roald-Dahl-his-daughters-and-the-BFG. html) The Telegraph (06 Aug 2010)

[37] "Water on the Brain" (http:/ / www. medgadget. com/ archives/ 2005/ 07/ water_on_the_br. html). MedGadget: Internet Journal of Emerging Medical Technologies. 15 July 2005. . Retrieved 11 May 2006.

[38] Dr Andrew Larner. "Tales of the Unexpected: Roald Dahl’s Neurological Contributions" (http:/ / www. acnr. co. uk/ mar_apr_2008/

ACNRMA08_nerolit. pdf). Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation. .

[39] childalert – first for child safety and wellbeing (http:/ / www. childalert. co. uk/ absolutenm/ templates/ newstemplate. asp?articleid=291& zoneid=2)

[40] Singh, Anita (07 Aug 2010) Roald Dahl's secret notebook reveals heartbreak over daughter's death (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ culture/

books/ 7930637/ Roald-Dahls-secret-notebook-reveals-heartbreak-over-daughters-death. html) The Telegraph Retrieved 4 January 2011 [41] Barry Farrell (1969). Pat and Roald. Kingsport Press.

[42] "Roald Dahl Official website" (http:/ / www. roalddahl. com/ ). . Retrieved 13 June 2010.

[43] Lynn F. Pearson Discovering Famous Graves (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=9IaHTin6y2wC& pg=PA16& dq=roald+ dahl+

gipsy+ house& hl=en& ei=tPAQTfzrGNCwhQeJi5W4Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=7&

ved=0CEsQ6AEwBg#v=onepage& q=roald dahl gipsy house& f=false) Osprey Publishing, 2008

[44] Martin Chilton (18 Nov 2010) The 25 best children's books (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ culture/ books/ booknews/ 8143303/

The-25-best-childrens-books. html)

[45] Deaths England and Wales 1984–2006 (http:/ / www. findmypast. com/ BirthsMarriagesDeaths. jsp)

[46] Sharron L. McElmeel (1999) 100 most popular children's authors: biographical sketches and bibliographies (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/

books?ei=2sMHTcizC8XIhAfj5oztBw& ct=result& id=5VkjAQAAIAAJ& dq=Roald+ Dahl+ Children's+ Gallery+ 23+ november+ 1996&

q=Buckinghamshire+ County+ Museum+ ) Libraries Unlimited, 1999

[47] Roald Dahl and the Chinese chip shop (http:/ / www. walesonline. co. uk/ news/ wales-news/ 2009/ 03/ 27/

roald-dahl-and-the-chinese-chip-shop-91466-23243373/ ), WalesOnline, 27 March 2009. Roald Dahl 208

[48] Sally Williams (12 Sep 2006) A plateful of Dahl (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ foodanddrink/ recipes/ 3334427/ A-plateful-of-Dahl. html) The Telegraph Retrieved 4 January 2011

[49] Roald Dahl's Marvellous Children's Charity (http:/ / www. marvellouschildrenscharity. org/ )

[50] Clarie Heald (11 June 2005) Chocolate doors thrown open to Dahl (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ uk/ 4079720. stm) BBC News

[51] David Hurst (20 June 2005) Roald Dahl's fantasy factory (http:/ / www. dailymail. co. uk/ travel/ holidaytypeshub/ article-593996/

Roald-Dahls-fantasy-factory. html) The Daily Mail

[52] David Walliams up for Roald Dahl award (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ entertainment-arts-11340344) BBC News Retrieved 4 January 2011

[53] The Roald Dahl Funny Prize (http:/ / www. roalddahlprize. org)

[54] "Blue plaque marks Dahl sweet shop" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ wales/ south_east/ 8253467. stm) BBC News

[55] “UK world’s best selling children author on Gibraltar stamps” World Stamp News (http:/ / www. worldstampnews. com/ 2010/ 05/

gibraltar-will-launch-a-roald-dahl-set-of-stamps/ #more-213)

[56] Tim Burton, Mark Salisbury, Johnny Depp (2008) Burton on Burton (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=-GY9R1c_kKgC&

pg=PA223& dq=gene+ wilder+ charlie+ and+ the+ chocolate+ factory& hl=en& ei=4FgNTcGLGYaEhQfP26y4Dg& sa=X&

oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=6& ved=0CD0Q6AEwBTgK#v=onepage& q=gene wilder charlie and the chocolate factory& f=false) Macmillan, 2006

[57] Roald Dahl Day expands into full month of special treats (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ books/ 2010/ sep/ 13/ roald-dahl-day-september-events) The Guardian Retrieved 01-05-2011

[58] BBC - The Big Read - Top 100 Books (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ arts/ bigread/ top100. shtml) Retrieved 2010-12-15

[59] Roald Dahl Day celebrations (http:/ / www. roalddahlmuseum. org/ whatson/ roalddahlday. aspx), Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre (accessed 20 September 2007)

[60] Roald Dahl's 90th Birthday! (http:/ / www. randomhouse. co. uk/ childrens/ roalddahl/ day/ ), Random House UK (accessed 20 September 2007)

[61] Frances E. Ruffin Meet Roald Dahl (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=Cb6dtVe5VeYC& pg=PA17& dq=Saturday+ Evening+ Post+

Shot+ Down+ Over+ Libya& hl=en& ei=d-UQTd_6EMiHhQe04pG3Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=7&

ved=0CEIQ6AEwBg#v=onepage& q=Saturday Evening Post Shot Down Over Libya& f=false) The Rosen Publishing Group, 2006

[62] Donald, Graeme Sticklers, Sideburns & Bikinis: The Military Origins of Everyday Words and Phrases (http:/ / books. google. com/

books?id=QlmwkeBINiYC& pg=PA147& dq=RAF+ pilots+ blamed+ gremlins& hl=en& ei=wuwQTeKBNsaJhQfrho23Dg& sa=X&

oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=6& ved=0CDwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage& q& f=false) Osprey Publishing, 2008

[63] Andrew Maunder The Facts On File companion to the British short story (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=Px9s1oIjj88C& pg=PA96&

dq=roald+ dahl+ edgar+ award& hl=en& ei=_eYQTd2UMY2IhQen4PS2Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=3&

ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage& q=roald dahl edgar award& f=false) Infobase Publishing, 2007

[64] James Mottram The Sundance kids: how the mavericks took back Hollywood (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=-GZvT_iUIhkC&

pg=PA95& dq=roald+ dahl+ man+ from+ the+ south+ -+ hitchcock& hl=en& ei=IvQQTdGMGcHDhAf86523Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result&

ct=result& resnum=8& ved=0CFQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage& q=roald dahl man from the south - hitchcock& f=false) Macmillan, 2006

[65] The Facts On File companion to the British short story (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=Px9s1oIjj88C& pg=PA417& dq=dahl+ tales+

of+ the+ unexpected& hl=en& ei=B_UQTcK8CYyGhQe2zsy3Dg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=5&

ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage& q=dahl tales of the unexpected& f=false) p.417.

[66] English Gypsy caravan, Gypsy Wagon, Gypsy Waggon and Vardo: Photograph Gallery 1 (http:/ / gypsywaggons. co. uk/ varsuk. htm)

[67] Darrell Schweitzer (1985) Discovering modern horror fiction, Volume 2 (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=YTL_YsSp4r8C&

pg=PA125& dq=fictional+ my+ Uncle+ Oswald& hl=en& ei=ZNYHTZKgEdSAhAePpJTBAQ& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result&

resnum=3& ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage& q=fictional my Uncle Oswald& f=false) Wildside Press LLC, 1985

[68] Books magazine, Volumes 5-7 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=mMDjAAAAMAAJ& q=Memories+ with+ Food+ at+ Gipsy+

House& dq=Memories+ with+ Food+ at+ Gipsy+ House& hl=en& ei=YdUHTfnoBIPOhAfh24zuBw& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result&

resnum=9& ved=0CFAQ6AEwCA) p.35. Publishing News Ltd., 1991

[69] AV guide, Volumes 77-82 (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?ei=lDYYTeqYKcfPhAfYudS4Dg& ct=result& id=Y7aeAAAAMAAJ&

dq=audio+ book+ dirty+ beasts& q=alan+ cumming) Scranton Gillette Communications, 1998 [70] Liz Buckingham, trustee for the Roald Dahl Museum, quoted in Tom Bishop: "Willy Wonka's Everlasting Film Plot", BBC News, July 2005

http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ entertainment/ 4660873. stm

[71] Tom Bishop (July 2005) Willy Wonka's Everlasting Film Plot (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ entertainment/ 4660873. stm) BBC News

[72] Roald Dahl: young tales of the unexpected (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ culture/ books/ 3559378/

Roald-Dahl-young-tales-of-the-unexpected. html) The Telegraph (30 Aug 2008)

[73] Influence of Sofie Dahl on Roald Dahl (http:/ / www. infloox. com/ influence?id=e00077f) infloox.com

[74] Way Out (TV Series 1961) (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0054574/ ) IMDB

[75] Vincent Terrace (1985) Encyclopedia of Television Series, Pilots and Specials: 1974-1984 (http:/ / books. google. com/

books?id=AKlgjBCPPnsC& pg=PA406& dq=tales+ of+ the+ unexpected+ roald+ dahl+ -+ TV& hl=en& ei=9fcQTdHyHIGHhQewq7i3Dg&

sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=5& ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage& q& f=false) [76] Published in 1978 in an omnibus edition titled The Complete Adventures of Charlie and Willy Wonka Roald Dahl 209

[77] Source: written for a leaflet published in 1986 by Sandwell Health Authority (now Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust).

Reproduced at (http:/ / www. blacktriangle. org/ blog/ ?p=715).

Controversies In 1983 Dahl reviewed Tony Clifton's God Cried, a picture book about the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon depicting Israelis killing thousands of Beirut inhabitants by bombing civilian targets. Dahl's review stated that this invasion was when "we all started hating Israel", and that the book would make readers "violently anti-Israeli", writing, "I am not anti-Semitic. I am anti-Israel."[1] Dahl told a reporter in 1983, "There’s a trait in the Jewish character that does provoke animosity ... I mean there is always a reason why anti-anything crops up anywhere; even a stinker like Hitler didn’t just pick on them for no reason."[1] Dahl maintained friendships with a number of Jews, including philosopher Isaiah Berlin, who said, "I thought he might say anything. Could have been pro-Arab or pro-Jew. There was no consistent line. He was a man who followed whims, which meant he would blow up in one direction, so to speak."[1] In later years, Dahl included a sympathetic episode about German-Jewish refugees in his book Going Solo, and professed to be opposed to injustice, not Jews.[1]

References [1] Roald Dahl: A biography, Jeremy Treglown (Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1994), pp. 255–256. Specific references: General references: • Philip Howard, "Dahl, Roald (1916–1990)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press,

2004; online edn, May 2006 http:/ / www. oxforddnb. com/ view/ article/ 39827 accessed 24 May 2006 • Donald Sturrock, Storyteller: The Life of Roald Dahl, Harper Press, 2010. ISBN 9880007254767 (See the link to excerpts in "External Links", below.)

External links

• Official website (http:/ / www. roalddahl. com/ )

• Roald Dahl's darkest hour (biography excerpt) (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ culture/ books/

biographyandmemoirreviews/ 7930233/ Roald-Dahls-darkest-hour. html)

• Roald Dahl (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Roald_Dahl) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Roald Dahl (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0001094/ ) at the Internet Movie Database • Works by Roald Dahl on Open Library at the Internet Archive

• Roald Dahl (http:/ / www. findagrave. com/ cgi-bin/ fg. cgi?page=gr& GRid=6940) at Find a Grave

• Radio interview with Dahl in Norwegian by NRK (1975) (http:/ / www1. nrk. no/ nett-tv/ klipp/ 7365)

• The Irregulars, Roald Dahl and the British Spy Ring in Wartime Washington, 2008 (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/

2008/ 10/ 19/ books/ review/ Heilbrunn-t. html), New York Times Review, 17 October 2008. Robert A. Heinlein 210 Robert A. Heinlein

Robert A. Heinlein

Heinlein signing autographs at the 1976 Worldcon

Born July 7, 1907Butler, Missouri, United States

Died May 8, 1988 (aged 80)Carmel, California, United States

Pen name Anson MacDonald, Lyle Monroe, John Riverside, Caleb Saunders, Simon York

Occupation Novelist, short story author, essayist, screenwriter

Genres Science fiction, Fantasy

Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction writer. Often called "the dean of science fiction writers",[1] he was one of the most popular, influential, and controversial authors of the genre. He set a high standard for science and engineering plausibility and helped to raise the genre's standards of literary quality. He was one of the first writers to break into mainstream, general magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post, in the late 1940s, with unvarnished science fiction. He was among the first authors of bestselling, novel-length science fiction in the modern, mass-market era. For many years, Heinlein, , and Arthur C. Clarke were known as the "Big Three" of science fiction.[2] [3] Heinlein was a notable writer of science-fiction short stories, and he was one of a group of writers who were groomed in their writing by John W. Campbell, Jr. the editor of Astounding magazine—though Heinlein himself denied that Campbell influenced his writing to any great degree. Within the framework of his science fiction stories, Heinlein repeatedly integrated recognizable social themes: The importance of individual liberty and self-reliance, the obligation individuals owe to their societies, the influence of organized religion on culture and government, and the tendency of society to repress non-conformist thought. He also examined the relationship between physical and emotional love, explored various unorthodox family structures, and speculated on the influence of space travel on human cultural practices. His iconoclastic approach to these themes led to wildly divergent perceptions of his works and attempts to place mutually contradictory labels on his work. His 1961 novel Stranger in a Strange Land put him in the unexpected role of a pied piper of the sexual revolution, and of the counterculture, and through this book he was credited with popularizing the notion of polyamory. Robert A. Heinlein 211

Heinlein won Hugo Awards for four of his novels; in addition, fifty years after publication, three of his works were awarded "Retro Hugos"—awards given retrospectively for years in which Hugo Awards had not been awarded. He also won the first Grand Master Award given by the Science Fiction Writers of America for his lifetime achievement. In his fiction, Heinlein coined words that have become part of the English language, including "" and "", and popularized the term "TANSTAAFL".

Life

Birth and childhood

Heinlein (pronounced Hine-line)[4] [5] was born on July 7, 1907, to Rex Ivar Heinlein (an accountant) and Bam Lyle Heinlein, in Butler, Missouri. His childhood was spent in Kansas City, Missouri.[6] The outlook and values of this time and place (in his own words, "The Bible Belt") had a definite influence on his fiction, especially his later works, as experiences from his childhood were heavily drawn upon both for setting and for cultural atmosphere in and To Sail Beyond the Sunset, among others. However, he would later break with many of its values and mores—especially those concerning morality as it applies to issues such as religion and sexuality—both in his writing and in his personal life.

Midshipman Heinlein, from the 1929 Navy U.S. Naval Academy yearbook

The military was the second great influence on Heinlein; throughout his life, he strongly believed in loyalty, leadership, and other ideals associated with the military. Heinlein graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis in 1929, and served as an officer in the United States Navy. He served on the new aircraft carrier USS Lexington (CV-2) in 1931. During that time, Heinlein worked on radio communications, then in its nascent phase, with the carrier's airplanes. The captain of the warship was Ernest J. King who was later to serve as the Chief of Naval Operations during the Second World War. Heinlein was frequently interviewed during his later years by military historians on Captain King and his services as the commander of the U.S. Navy's first modern aircraft carrier. Heinlein also served aboard the destroyer USS Roper (DD-147) in 1933–1934, reaching the rank of Lieutenant. His brother, Lawrence Heinlein, served in the Army, the Air Force, and the Missouri National Guard and rose to the rank of Major General.[7]

In 1929, he married Eleanor Curry of Kansas City in Los Angeles, Calif.[8] but this marriage lasted only about a year.[4] He soon married his second wife, Leslyn Macdonald, in 1932. MacDonald was a political radical, and Isaac Asimov recalled that Heinlein was, like her, "a flaming liberal." [9]

California In 1934, Heinlein was discharged from the Navy due to pulmonary tuberculosis. During a lengthy hospitalization, he developed the concept of the waterbed, and his detailed descriptions of it in three of his books constituted sufficient prior art to prevent a U.S. patent on water beds when they became common in the 1960s.[10] After his discharge, Heinlein attended a few weeks of graduate classes in and in the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), but he soon quit either because of his health or from a desire to enter politics.[11] Heinlein supported himself at several occupations, including real estate sales and silver mining, but for some years found money in short supply. Heinlein was active in Upton Sinclair's socialist End Poverty in California movement Robert A. Heinlein 212

in the early 1930s. When Sinclair gained the Democratic nomination for Governor of California in 1934, Heinlein worked actively in the campaign. Heinlein himself ran for the California State Assembly in 1938, but he was unsuccessful.[12] In 1954, he wrote, "...many Americans ... were asserting loudly that McCarthy had created a 'reign of terror.' Are you terrified? I am not, and I have in my background much political activity well to the left of Senator McCarthy's position." [13]

Author

While not destitute after the campaign—he had a small disability pension from the Navy—Heinlein turned to writing in order to pay off his mortgage. His first published story, "Life-Line", was printed in Astounding Science-Fiction magazine in 1939. Originally written for a contest, he instead sold it to Astounding for significantly more than the contest's first-prize payoff. He was quickly acknowledged as a leader of the new movement toward "social" science fiction. He was the guest of honor at Denvention, the 1941 Worldcon, held in Denver. During Robert A. Heinlein, L. Sprague de Camp, and World War II, he did aeronautical engineering for the U.S. Navy, also Isaac Asimov, Philadelphia Navy Yard, 1944. recruiting Isaac Asimov and L. Sprague de Camp to work at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in Pennsylvania. He also wrote for Boys' Life in 1952.

As the war wound down in 1945, Heinlein began re-evaluating his career. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, along with the outbreak of the Cold War, galvanized him to write nonfiction on political topics. In addition, he wanted to break into better-paying markets. He published four influential short stories for The Saturday Evening Post magazine, leading off, in February 1947, with "". That made him the first science fiction writer to break out of the "pulp ghetto". In 1950, the movie Destination Moon—the documentary-like film for which he had written the story and scenario, co-written the script, and invented many of the effects—won an Academy Award for special effects. Also, he embarked on a series of juvenile S.F. novels for the Charles Scribner's Sons publishing company that was to last through the 1950s (at the rate of one book per year).

Heinlein and his second wife divorced in 1947, and the following year he married Virginia "Ginny" Gerstenfeld, to whom he would remain married until his death forty years later. Shortly thereafter, the Heinlein couple moved to Colorado, but in 1965 her health was affected by the altitude. They moved to Santa Cruz, California while constructing a new residence in the adjacent Bonny Doon, California.[14] The unique circular California house, which, like their Colorado house, he Robert and Virginia Heinlein in a 1952 Popular Mechanics article, titled "A House to Make Life designed with Virginia, and built himself, is on Bonny Doon Road Easy". The Heinleins, both , designed 37°3′31.72″N 122°9′30.46″W. the house themselves with many innovative features. Ginny undoubtedly served as a model for many of his intelligent, fiercely independent female characters.[15] [16] In 1953–1954, the Heinleins voyaged around the world (mostly via ocean liner and cargo liner), which Heinlein described in Tramp Royale, and which also provided background material for science fiction novels set aboard spaceships on long voyages, such as Podkayne of Mars and Friday. Ginny acted as the first reader of his manuscripts, and she was reputed to be a better than Heinlein himself.[17]

Isaac Asimov believed that Heinlein made a drastic swing to the right politically at the same time he married Ginny.[9] The couple formed the small "Patrick Henry League" in 1958 and they worked in the 1964 Barry Goldwater campaign, and Tramp Royale contains two lengthy apologias for the McCarthy hearings. Yet during this Robert A. Heinlein 213

period Heinlein wrote Stranger in a Strange Land (1961), which is generally considered to advance very liberal themes. The Heinlein juveniles, S.F. novels for young adults, are also considered to be an important part of his output. He had used topical materials throughout his series, but in 1959, his Starship Troopers was considered by the Scribner's editorial staff to be too controversial for their prestige line, and they rejected it;[18] Heinlein found another publisher, feeling himself released from the constraints of writing novels for children, and he began to write "my own stuff, my own way", and he wrote a series of challenging books that redrew the

Robert and Virginia Heinlein in Tahiti, 1980. boundaries of science fiction, including his best-known work, Stranger in a Strange Land (1961), and also The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (1966).

Later life and death Beginning in 1970, however, Heinlein had a series of health crises, broken by strenuous periods of activity in his hobby of stonemasonry. (In a private correspondence, he referred to that as his "usual and favorite occupation between books." )[19] The decade began with a life-threatening attack of peritonitis, recovery from which required more than two years. As soon as he was well enough to write again, he began work on Time Enough for Love (1973), which introduced many of the themes found in his later fiction. In the mid-1970s, Heinlein wrote two articles for the Britannica Compton Yearbook.[20] He and Ginny crisscrossed the country helping to reorganize blood donation in the United States, and he was the guest of honor at the worldcon for the third time at MidAmeriCon in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1976. While vacationing in Tahiti in early 1978, he suffered a transient ischemic attack. Over the next few months, he became more and more exhausted, and his health again began to decline. The problem was determined to be a blocked carotid artery, and then he had one of the earliest known carotid bypass operations to correct it. Heinlein and Virginia had been smokers[21] and smoking appears often in his fiction, as well as fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. Asked to appear before a Joint Committee of the U.S. House and Senate that year, he testified on his belief that spin-offs from space technology were benefiting the infirm and the elderly. His surgical treatment re-energized Heinlein, and he wrote five novels from 1980 until he died in his sleep from emphysema and heart failure on May 8, 1988. At that time, he had been putting together the early notes for another World as Myth novel. Several of his other works have been published posthumously.[22] After his death, his wife Virginia Heinlein issued a compilation of Heinlein's correspondence and notes into a somewhat autobiographical examination of his career, published in 1989 under the title Grumbles from the Grave. Heinlein's archive is housed by the Special Collections department of McHenry Library at the University of California, Santa Cruz. The collection includes manuscript drafts, correspondence, photographs and artifacts. A substantial portion of the archive has been digitized and is available online through the Robert A. and Virginia Heinlein Archives.[23] Robert A. Heinlein 214

Works

Series Over the course of his career Heinlein wrote three somewhat overlapping series. • series • series • World as Myth series

Early work, 1939–1958 The first novel that Heinlein wrote, For Us, The Living: A Comedy of Customs (1939), did not see print during his lifetime, but Robert James later tracked down the manuscript and it was published in 2003. Widely regarded as a failure as a novel,[6] being little more than a disguised lecture on Heinlein's social theories, it is intriguing as a window into the development of Heinlein's radical ideas about man as a social animal, including his interest in free love. The root of many themes found in his later stories can be found in this book. It also contained much material that could be considered background for his other novels, including a detailed description of the protagonist's treatment to avoid being banned into (a place in the Heinlein mythos where unrepentant law-breakers are sent to experience actual anarchy). It appears that Heinlein at least attempted to live in a manner consistent with these ideals, even in the 1930s, and had an open relationship in his marriage to his second wife, Leslyn. He was also a nudist;[4] nudism and body taboos are frequently discussed in his work. At the height of the cold war, he built a bomb shelter under his house, like the one featured in Farnham's Freehold.[4] After For Us, The Living, Heinlein began selling (to magazines) first short stories, then novels, set in a Future History, complete with a time line of significant political, cultural, and technological changes. A chart of the future history was published in the May 1941 issue of Astounding. Over time, Heinlein wrote many novels and short stories that deviated freely from the Future History on some points, while maintaining consistency in some other areas. The Future History was also eventually overtaken by actual events. These discrepancies were explained, after a fashion, in his later World as Myth stories.

Heinlein's first novel published as a book, Rocket Ship Galileo, was initially rejected because going to the moon was considered too far out, but he soon found a publisher, Scribner's, that began publishing a Heinlein juvenile once a year for the Christmas season.[24] Eight of these books were illustrated by Clifford Geary [25] in a distinctive white-on-black scratchboard style. Some representative novels Red Planet, a 1949 juvenile of this type are Have Space Suit—Will Travel, Farmer in the Sky, and Starman illustrated by Clifford Geary. Jones. Many of these were first published in serial form under other titles, e.g., Farmer in the Sky was published as Satellite Scout in the Boy Scout magazine Boys' Life. There has been speculation that Heinlein's intense obsession with his privacy was due at least in part to the apparent contradiction between his unconventional private life and his career as an author of books for children, but For Us, The Living also explicitly discusses the political importance Heinlein attached to privacy as a matter of principle.[26]

The novels that Heinlein wrote for a young audience are commonly referred to as "the Heinlein juveniles", and they feature a mixture of adolescent and adult themes. Many of the issues that he takes on in these books have to do with the kinds of problems that adolescents experience. His protagonists are usually very intelligent teenagers who have to make their way in the adult society they see around them. On the surface, they are simple tales of adventure, achievement, and dealing with stupid teachers and jealous peers. However, Heinlein was a vocal proponent of the Robert A. Heinlein 215

notion that juvenile readers were far more sophisticated and able to handle complex or difficult themes than most people realized. Thus even his juvenile stories often had a maturity to them that made them readable for adults. Red Planet, for example, portrays some very subversive themes, including a revolution in which young students are involved; his editor demanded substantial changes in this book's discussion of topics such as the use of weapons by children and the misidentified sex of the Martian character. Heinlein was always aware of the editorial limitations put in place by the editors of his novels and stories, and while he observed those restrictions on the surface, was often successful in introducing ideas not often seen in other authors' juvenile SF. In 1957, wrote that one reason for Heinlein's success "has been the high grade of machinery which goes, today as always, into his story-telling. Heinlein seems to have known from the beginning, as if instinctively, technical lessons about fiction which other writers must learn the hard way (or often enough, never learn). He does not always operate the machinery to the best advantage, but he always seems to be aware of it."[27]

1959–1960: the seminal years Heinlein decisively ended his juvenile novels with Starship Troopers (1959), a controversial work and his personal riposte to leftists calling for President Dwight D. Eisenhower to stop nuclear testing in 1958. "'The "Patrick Henry" ad shocked 'em,' he wrote many years later. "Starship Troopers outraged 'em."[28] Starship Troopers is a coming-of-age story about duty, citizenship, and the role of the military in society [29] The book portrays a society in which suffrage is given only to those who earn it through government service, in the protagonist's case, military service. Later, in Expanded Universe, Heinlein said that it was his intention in the novel that service would include positions outside strictly military functions and would include teachers, police officers, and other government positions. The primary thing was, the individual didn't get to decide what job they got—it was a "take me, I'm yours" scenario. In addition, suffrage was only attained after leaving the assigned service, thus (in defiance of those who claim his proposed society was jingoist, militaristic, or fascist) the active military itself was excluded from exercising any franchise. Career military were completely disenfranchised until retirement.

Middle period work, 1961–1973 From about 1961 (Stranger in a Strange Land) to 1973 (Time Enough for Love), Heinlein explored some of his most important themes, such as individualism, libertarianism, and free expression of physical and emotional love. Three novels from this period, Stranger in a Strange Land, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, and Time Enough for Love, won the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award, designed to honor classic libertarian fiction, from the Libertarian Futurist Society.[30] Jeff Riggenbach described The Moon is a Harsh Mistress as "unquestionably one of the three or four most influential libertarian novels of the last century" in the Mises Daily.[31] Heinlein did not publish Stranger in a Strange Land until some time after it was written, and the themes of free love and radical individualism are prominently featured in his long-unpublished first novel, For Us, The Living: A Comedy of Customs.[32] The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress tells of a war of independence waged by the Lunar penal colonies, with significant comments from a major character, Professor La Paz, regarding the threat posed by government—including republican types—to individual freedom. Although Heinlein had previously written a few short stories in the fantasy genre, during this period he wrote his first fantasy novel, , and in Stranger in a Strange Land and , he began to mix hard science with fantasy, mysticism, and satire of organized religion. Critics William H. Patterson, Jr., and Andrew Thornton believe that this is simply an expression of Heinlein's longstanding philosophical opposition to positivism.[33] Heinlein stated that he was influenced by James Branch Cabell in taking this new literary direction. The penultimate novel of this period, I Will Fear No Evil, is according to critic James Gifford "almost universally regarded as a literary failure"[34] and he attributes its shortcomings to Heinlein's near-death from peritonitis. Robert A. Heinlein 216

Later work, 1980–1987 After a seven-year hiatus brought on by poor health, Heinlein produced five new novels in the period from 1980 (The Number of the Beast) to 1987 (To Sail Beyond the Sunset). These books have a thread of common characters and time and place. They most explicitly communicated Heinlein's philosophies and beliefs, and many long, didactic passages of dialog and exposition deal with government, sex, and religion. These novels are controversial among his readers and one critic, Dave Langford, has written about them very negatively.[35] Heinlein's four Hugo awards were all for books written before this period. All of the books are written with the more heavily didactic style introduced with Starship Troopers. Some of these books, such as The Number of the Beast and The Cat Who Walks Through Walls, start out as tightly constructed adventure stories, but transform into philosophical fantasias at the end. It is a matter of opinion whether this demonstrates a lack of attention to craftsmanship or a conscious effort to expand the boundaries of science fiction, either into a kind of magical realism, continuing the process of literary exploration that he had begun with Stranger in a Strange Land, or into a kind of literary metaphor of quantum science (The Number of the Beast dealing with the Observer problem, and The Cat Who Walks Through Walls being a direct reference to the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment). Most of the novels from this period are recognized by critics as forming an offshoot from the Future History series, and referred to by the term World as Myth.[36] The tendency toward authorial self-reference begun in Stranger in a Strange Land and Time Enough for Love becomes even more evident in novels such as The Cat Who Walks Through Walls, whose first-person protagonist is a disabled military veteran who becomes a writer, and finds love with a female character who, like many of Heinlein's strong female characters, appears to be based closely on his wife Ginny.[37] The 1982 novel Friday, a more conventional adventure story (borrowing a character and backstory from the earlier short story Gulf, also containing suggestions of connection to ) continued a Heinlein theme of expecting what he saw as the continued disintegration of Earth's society, to the point where the title character is strongly encouraged to seek a new life off-planet. It concludes with a traditional Heinlein note, as in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress or Time Enough for Love that freedom is to be found on the frontiers. The 1984 novel Job: A Comedy of Justice is a sharp satire of organized religion.

Posthumous publications Several Heinlein works have been published since his death, including the aforementioned For Us, The Living as well as 1989's Grumbles from the Grave, a collection of letters between Heinlein and his editors and agent; 1992's Tramp Royale, a travelogue of a southern hemisphere tour the Heinleins took in the 1950s; Take Back Your Government, a how-to book about participatory democracy written in 1946; and a tribute volume called : Collected Works and Tributes to the Grand Master, containing some additional short works previously unpublished in book form. , published in 2005, includes three short stories never before collected in any Heinlein book (Heinlein called them "stinkeroos"). , a colleague, friend, and admirer of Heinlein,[38] wrote Variable Star, based on an outline and notes for a juvenile novel that Heinlein prepared in 1955. The novel was published as a collaboration, with Heinlein's name above Robinson's on the cover, in 2006. A complete collection of Heinlein's published work, conformed and copyedited by several Heinlein scholars including biographer William H. Patterson is being published by the Heinlein Trust as the "Virginia Edition", after his wife; the volumes are printed on 50 lb acid-free archival paper and bound in leather. The series price for 44 volumes is $1500. Robert A. Heinlein 217

Views Heinlein was criticized for some of the representations in his works related to gender, race, politics, and the military.[39]

Politics Heinlein's political positions evolved throughout his life, though he was always strongly patriotic and firmly supported the military. Heinlein initially considered himself a liberal.[40] His first novel, For Us, The Living, consists largely of speeches advocating the Social Credit system, and the early story deals with an organization that seems to be Franklin D. Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps translated into outer space. In 1934 he worked actively for the Democratic campaign of Upton Sinclair for Governor of California. After Sinclair's loss, Heinlein became an anti-Communist Democratic activist. He made an unsuccessful bid for a California State Assembly seat in 1938.[40] His juvenile fiction of the 1940s and 1950s, however, began to espouse conservative virtues. After 1945, he came to believe that a strong world government was the only way to avoid mutual nuclear annihilation. His 1949 novel Space Cadet describes a future scenario where a military-controlled global government enforces world peace. Heinlein stopped considering himself a Democrat in 1954.[40] Stranger in a Strange Land was embraced by the hippie counterculture, and libertarians have found inspiration in The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress; however it is not clear that Heinlein held libertarian views.[31]

Race Heinlein grew up in the era of racial segregation in the United States and wrote some of his most influential fiction at the height of the US civil rights movement. His early juveniles were very much ahead of their time both in their explicit rejection of racism and in their inclusion of non-white protagonists—in the context of science fiction before the 1960s, the mere existence of non-white characters was a remarkable novelty, with green occurring more often than brown. For example, his second juvenile, the 1948 Space Cadet, explicitly uses aliens as a metaphor for minorities. Heinlein challenges his readers' possible racial preconceptions by introducing a strong, sympathetic character, only to reveal much later that he or she is of African or other descent; in several cases, the covers of the books show characters as being light-skinned, when in fact the text states, or at least implies, that they are dark-skinned or of African descent.[41] Heinlein repeatedly denounced racism in his non-fiction works, including numerous examples in Expanded Universe. Race was a central theme in some of Heinlein's fiction. The most prominent and controversial example is Farnham's Freehold, which casts a white family into a future in which white people are the slaves of cannibalistic black rulers. In the 1941 novel (also known as The Day ), a white resistance movement in the United States defends itself against an invasion by an Asian fascist state (the "Pan-Asians") using a "super-science" technology that allows ray weapons to be tuned to specific races. The book is sprinkled with racist slurs against Asian people, and blacks and Hispanics are not mentioned at all. The idea for the story was pushed on Heinlein by editor John W. Campbell, and Heinlein wrote later that he had "had to reslant it to remove racist aspects of the original story line" and that he did not "consider it to be an artistic success."[42] [43] (However, the novel prompted a heated debate in the scientific community regarding the plausibility of developing ethnic bioweapons).[44] Heinlein reveals near the end of Starship Troopers that the novel's protagonist and narrator, Johnny Rico, the formerly disaffected scion of a wealthy family, is in fact of Filipino descent. Some of the alien species in Heinlein's fiction can be interpreted in terms of an allegorical representation of human ethnic groups. It has been suggested that the strongly hierarchical and anti-individualistic "Bugs" in Starship Troopers were meant to represent the Chinese or Japanese, but Heinlein claimed to have written the book in response to "calls for the unilateral ending of nuclear testing by the United States."[45] Heinlein suggests in the book that the Robert A. Heinlein 218

Bugs are a good example of Communism being something that humans cannot successfully adhere to, since humans are strongly defined individuals, whereas the Bugs, being a collective, can all contribute to the whole without consideration of individual desire.[46]

Individualism and self-determination In keeping with his belief in individualism, his work for adults—and sometimes even his work for juveniles—often portrays both the oppressors and the oppressed with considerable ambiguity. Heinlein believed that individualism did not go hand-in-hand with ignorance. He believed that an appropriate level of adult competence was achieved through a wide-ranging education, whether this occurred in a classroom or not. In his juvenile novels, more than once a character looks with disdain at a student's choice of classwork, saying "Why didn't you study something useful?"[47] In Time Enough for Love, Lazarus Long gives a long list of capabilities that anyone should have, concluding, "Specialization is for insects". The ability of the individual to create himself is explored deeply in stories such as I Will Fear No Evil, "——", and .

Sexual issues For Heinlein, personal liberation included sexual liberation, and free love was a major subject of his writing starting in 1939, with For Us, The Living. During his early period, Heinlein's writing for younger readers needed to take account of both editorial perceptions of sexuality in his novels, and potential perceptions among the buying public; as critic William H. Patterson has put it, his dilemma was "to sort out what was really objectionable from what was only excessive over-sensitivity to imaginary librarians".[48] By his middle period, sexual freedom and the elimination of sexual jealousy were a major theme of Stranger in a Strange Land (1961), in which the progressively minded reporter, Ben Caxton, acts as a dramatic foil for the less parochial characters, and Valentine Michael Smith (Mike). points out that "Heinlein is a problematic case for feminists; on the one hand, his works often feature strong female characters and vigorous statements that women are equal to or even to men; but these characters and statements often reflect hopelessly stereotypical attitudes about typical female attributes. It is disconcerting, for example, that in Expanded Universe Heinlein calls for a society where all lawyers and politicians are women, essentially on the grounds that they possess a mysterious feminine practicality that men cannot duplicate." [49] In books written as early as 1956, Heinlein dealt with incest and the sexual nature of children. Ten of his books (including , Time for the Stars, Glory Road, and Time Enough for Love) dealt explicitly or implicitly with incest, sexual feelings and relations between adults and children, or both.[50] Such could be as relatively light a treatment as a 30 year old engineer and an 11 year old girl arranging time travel in such a fashion as to get married when they were both adults (The Door into Summer), or as strongly controversial as father/daughter, mother/son, brother/sister unions (To Sail Beyond the Sunset). Authors such as L. Sprague DeCamp and Damon Knight have commented on this matter of Heinlein portraying incest and pedophilia in positive lights, and their views, as well as those who maintain The website, are not favorable to it.[50]

Philosophy In To Sail Beyond the Sunset, Heinlein has the main character, Maureen, state that the purpose of metaphysics is to ask questions: Why are we here? Where are we going after we die? (and so on), and that "you are not allowed to answer the questions". Asking the questions is the point for metaphysics, but answering them is not, because once you answer them, you cross the line into religion. Maureen does not state a reason for this; she simply remarks that such questions are "beautiful" but lack answers. Maureen's son/lover Lazarus Long makes a related remark in Time Enough for Love. In order for us to answer the "big questions" about the universe, Lazarus states at one point, it would be necessary to stand outside the universe. Robert A. Heinlein 219

During the 1930s and 1940s, Heinlein was deeply interested in Alfred Korzybski's General Semantics and attended a number of seminars on the subject. His views on epistemology seem to have flowed from that interest, and his fictional characters continue to express Korzybskian views to the very end of his writing career. Many of his stories, such as Gulf, If This Goes On—, and Stranger in a Strange Land, depend strongly on the premise, extrapolated from the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, that by using a correctly designed language, one can liberate oneself mentally, or even become a superman. He was also strongly affected by the religious philosopher P. D. Ouspensky.[6] Freudianism and psychoanalysis were at the height of their influence during the peak of Heinlein's career, and stories such as Time for the Stars indulged in psychoanalysis. However, he was skeptical about Freudianism, especially after a struggle with an editor who insisted on reading Freudian sexual symbolism into his juvenile novels. Heinlein was fascinated by the social credit movement in the 1930s. This is shown in and in his 1938 novel For Us, The Living: A Comedy of Customs, which was finally published in 2003, long after his death. He was strongly committed to cultural relativism, and the sociologist Margaret Mader in his novel Citizen of the Galaxy is clearly a reference to Margaret Mead. In the World War II era, cultural relativism was the only intellectual framework that offered a clearly reasoned alternative to racism, which Heinlein was ahead of his time in opposing. Many of these sociological and psychological theories have been criticized, debunked, or heavily modified in the last fifty years, and Heinlein's use of them may now appear credulous and dated to many readers. The critic Patterson says "Korzybski is now widely regarded as a crank",[51] although others disagree.

Influence Heinlein is usually identified, along with Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke, as one of the three masters of science fiction to arise in the so-called Golden Age of science fiction, associated with John W. Campbell and his magazine Astounding. However, in the 1950s he was a leader in bringing science fiction out of the low-paying and less prestigious pulp ghetto. Most of his works, including short stories, have been continuously in print in many languages since their initial appearance and are still available as new paperbacks decades after his death. Robert Heinlein was also influenced by the American writer, philosopher and humorist who is credited as a major influence on most of the leading science-fiction writers of the 20th-century. Heinlein was a long-time member of the International Fortean Organization also known as INFO, the successor to the original Fortean Society until his death. Heinlein's letters were often displayed on the walls of the INFO offices and his active participation in the organization is mentioned in the INFO Journal. He was at the top of his form during, and himself helped to initiate, the trend toward , which went along with a general maturing of the genre away from to a more literary approach touching on such adult issues as politics and human sexuality. In reaction to this trend, hard science fiction began to be distinguished as a separate subgenre, but paradoxically Heinlein is also considered a seminal figure in hard science fiction, due to his extensive knowledge of engineering, and the careful scientific research demonstrated in his stories. Heinlein himself stated—with obvious pride—that in the days before pocket calculators, he and his wife Virginia once worked for several days on a mathematical equation describing an Earth-Mars rocket , which was then subsumed in a single sentence of the novel Space Cadet. Part of this may be tied to Heinlein's almost uniquely effective ability to see, as he defined it, not only the primary and secondary effects of technology (the automobile leads to Heinlein crater on Mars. the disappearance of the horse, primary, and to the fact that few Americans

have any real experience of horses, secondary) but to the tertiary and deeper effects of technology (for example, the effect of the automobile on loosening social mores, by allowing people to "get away" from people that might gossip Robert A. Heinlein 220

about them). In this, Heinlein was a master: He foresaw Interstate Highways (), concern over nuclear power generation (Blowups Happen), international nuclear stalemate (—i.e., the Cold War) as well as numerous other lesser examples. Rarely was the technology he described the end solution, but almost always he saw the effect that sort of technology would have on society. Heinlein can also be credited, post-Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, with writing the first modern variations of almost every hard SF archetype. Heinlein has had a nearly ubiquitous influence on other science fiction writers. In a 1953 poll of leading science fiction authors, he was cited more frequently as an influence than any other modern writer.[52] In 1974, he won the first Grand Master Award given by the Science Fiction Writers of America for lifetime achievement. Critic James Gifford writes that "Although many other writers have exceeded Heinlein's output, few can claim to match his broad and seminal influence. Scores of science fiction writers from the pre-war Golden Age through the present day loudly and enthusiastically credit Heinlein for blazing the trails of their own careers, and shaping their styles and stories." [53]

Outside the science fiction community, several words and phrases coined or adopted by Heinlein have passed into common English usage: waldo, TANSTAAFL, ,[54] and grok. In 1962, Oberon Zell-Ravenheart (then still using his birth name, Tim Zell) founded the Church of All Worlds, a Neopagan religious organization modeled in many ways after the treatment of religion in the novel Stranger in a Strange Land. This spiritual path included several ideas from the book, including polyamory, non-mainstream family structures, social libertarianism, water-sharing rituals, an acceptance of all religious paths by a single tradition, and the use of several terms such as "grok", "Thou art God", and "Never Thirst". Though Heinlein was neither a member nor a promoter of the Church, it was done with frequent correspondence between Zell and Heinlein, and he was a paid subscriber to their magazine Green Egg. This Church still exists as a 501(C)(3) religious organization incorporated in California, with membership worldwide, and it remains an active part of the neopagan community today.[55] He was influential in making space exploration seem to the public more like a practical possibility. His stories in publications such as The Saturday Evening Post took a matter-of-fact approach to their outer-space setting, rather than the "gee whiz" tone that had previously been common. The documentary-like film Destination Moon advocated a Space Race with the Soviet Union almost a decade before such an idea became commonplace, and was promoted by an unprecedented publicity campaign in print publications. Many of the astronauts and others working in the U. S. space program grew up on a diet of the Heinlein juveniles, best evidenced by the naming of a crater on Mars after him, and a tribute interspersed by the Apollo 15 astronauts into their radio conversations while on the moon.[56] Heinlein was also a guest commentator for Walter Cronkite during Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin's Apollo 11 moon landing. There was an active campaign to persuade the Secretary of the Navy to name the new Zumwalt class destroyer DDG-1001 the USS Robert A. Heinlein;[57] however, DDG-1001 will be named USS Monsoor, after Michael Monsoor, a Navy SEAL who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor in Iraq. Main-belt asteroid 6312 Robheinlein (1990 RH4), discovered on September 14, 1990 by H. E. Holt, at Palomar was named after him.[58] Robert A. Heinlein 221

Inventions presaged In Heinlein's works, there are many concepts that have become actual products. What follows is a partial list. • Automatic light switches (from The Man Who Sold the Moon) • Hand dryers (from "Coventry") • Drafting software (from The Door Into Summer) • Mobile phones (from Space Cadet, Between Planets and Assignment in Eternity) • Solar panels (from "The Roads Must Roll" and "Coventry") • Waldoes (remote manipulators) (from "Waldo") • Screensavers (from Stranger In A Strange Land) • The San Francisco-Oakland BART Transbay Tube (from Citizen of the Galaxy) • Waterbeds (from Double Star, Stranger In A Strange Land, Beyond This Horizon, and "Waldo") • Vehicle remote keyless system (called a "magic wand" in The Number of the Beast) • Online newspapers (from Beyond This Horizon) • Designer babies and Genetic counseling (from Beyond This Horizon) • Radio-synchronized clocks (from "Blowups Happen")

Bibliography Heinlein published 32 novels, 59 short stories, and 16 collections during his life. Four films, two TV series, several episodes of a radio series, and a board game have been derived more or less directly from his work. He wrote a screenplay for one of the films. Heinlein edited an anthology of other writers' SF short stories. Three non-fiction books and two poems have been published posthumously. One novel has been published posthumously and another, written by Spider Robinson based on a sketchy outline by Heinlein, was published in September 2006. Four collections have been published posthumously.

References

[1] WonderCon 2008 :: Robert A. Heinlein Memorial Blood Drive (http:/ / www. comic-con. org/ wc/ wc_blood. shtml)

[2] Robert J. Sawyer. The Death of Science Fiction (http:/ / www. sfwriter. com/ rmdeatho. htm)

[3] Sir Arthur Clarke Named Recipient of 2004 Heinlein Award (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ pressreleases/ clarkeheinleinaward. html). Heinlein Society Press Release. May 22, 2004.

[4] Houdek, D. A. (2003). "FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions about Robert A. Heinlein, the person" (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/

FAQrah. html). The Heinlein Society. . Retrieved 2007-01-23. See also the biography at the end of For Us, the Living, 2004 edition, p. 261.

[5] "Say How? A Pronunciation Guide to Names of Public Figures" (http:/ / www. loc. gov/ nls/ other/ sayhow. html#h). Library of Congress, National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS). 2006-09-21. . Retrieved 2007-01-23. [6] William H. Patterson, Jr. (1999). "Robert Heinlein—A biographical sketch". The Heinlein Journal 1999 (5): 7–36. Also available at Robert

A. Heinlein, a Biographical Sketch (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080321234910/ http:/ / members. aol. com/ agplusone/ robert_a.

_heinlein_a_biogr. htm). Retrieved July 6, 2007.

[7] , "Grand Master Award Remarks (http:/ / www2. ku. edu/ ~sfcenter/ Gunn-GrandMaster-remarks. htm); "Credit Col. Earp and

Gen. Heinlein with the Reactivation of Nevada's Camp Clark," The Nevada Daily Mail, June 27, 1966." (http:/ / news. google. com/

newspapers?nid=1908& dat=19660627& id=uUgrAAAAIBAJ& sjid=ktQEAAAAIBAJ& pg=3796,2847290) [8] "Social Affairs Of The Army And Navy", Los Angeles Times; Sep 1, 1929; p. B8. [9] Isaac Asimov, I, Asimov.

[10] "Robert A. Heinlein's Legacy" (http:/ / opinionjournal. com/ la/ ?id=110010381) by Taylor Dinerman. The Wall Street Journal, 7/26/07. [11] Afterword to For Us, The Living: A Comedy of Customs, 2004 edition, p. 245. [12] Heinlein was running as a left-wing Democrat in a conservative district, and he never made it past the Democratic primary because of trickery by his Republican opponent (afterword to For Us, The Living: A Comedy of Customs, 2004 edition, p. 247, and the story "A Bathroom of Her Own"). Also, an unfortunate juxtaposition of events had a Konrad Henlein making headlines in the Sudetenlands. [13] Tramp Royale, 1992, uncorrected proof, ISBN 0-441-82184-7, p. 62. [14] Heinlein, Robert A. Grumbles from the Grave, ch. VII. 1989.

[15] The Rolling Stone (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/ works/ articles/ heinleinswomendeb. html)

[16] Heinlein’s Women, by G. E. Rule (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/ works/ articles/ heinleinswomengeo. html)

[17] The Passing of Ginny Heinlein (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/ ginny/ GinnyNotice. html). January 18, 2003. Robert A. Heinlein 222

[18] Causo, Roberto de Sousa. "Citizenship at War" (http:/ / www. wegrokit. com/ causost. htm). . Retrieved 2006-03-04. [19] Virginia Heinlein to Michael A. Banks, 1988 [20] On and antimatter, and on blood chemistry. A version of the former, titled Paul Dirac, Antimatter, and You, was published in the anthology Expanded Universe, and it demonstrates both Heinlein's skill as a popularizer and his lack of depth in physics. An afterword gives a normalization equation and presents it, incorrectly, as being the . [21] Photograph, probably from 1967, pg. 127 of Grumbles from the Grave. [22] Based on an outline and notes created by Heinlein in 1955, Spider Robinson has written the novel Variable Star. Heinlein's posthumously-published nonfiction includes a selection of letters edited by his wife, Virginia, Grumbles from the Grave; his book on practical politics written in 1946 published as Take Back Your Government; and a travelogue of their first around-the-world tour in 1954, Tramp Royale. The novels Podkayne of Mars and Red Planet, which were edited against his wishes in their original release, have been reissued in restored editions. Stranger In a Strange Land was originally published in a shorter form, but both the long and short versions are now simultaneously available in print.

[23] "The Heinlein Archives" (http:/ / www. heinleinarchives. net/ upload/ index. php). www.heinleinarchives.net. . Retrieved 2008-10-21. [24] Robert A. Heinlein, Expanded Universe, foreword to "Free Men", p. 207 of Ace paperback edition.

[25] Heinlein in Dimension, Chapter 3, Part 1 (http:/ / www. enter. net/ ~torve/ critics/ Dimension/ hd03-1. html) [26] The importance Heinlein attached to privacy was made clear in his fiction (e.g., For Us, the Living), but also in several well known examples from his life. He had a falling out with Alexei Panshin, who wrote an important book analyzing Heinlein's fiction; Heinlein stopped cooperating with Panshin because he accused Panshin of "[attempting to] pry into his affairs and to violate his privacy." Heinlein wrote to Panshin's publisher threatening to sue, and stating, "You are warned that only the barest facts of my private life are public knowledge..."

Enter.net. (http:/ / www. enter. net/ ~torve/ critics/ StoryHiD/ HiDF. htm) In his 1961 guest of honor speech at Seacon, the Worldcon in

Seattle, he advocated building bomb shelters and caching away unregistered weapons, Enter.net (http:/ / www. enter. net/ ~torve/ critics/

Perry/ perryA. htm) and his own house in Colorado Springs included a bomb shelter. Heinlein was a nudist, and built a fence around his house in Santa Cruz to keep out the counterculture types who had learned of his ideas through Stranger in a Strange Land. In his later life, Heinlein studiously avoided revealing his early involvement in left-wing politics, , and made strenuous efforts to block publication of information he had revealed to prospective biographer Sam Moskowitz. [27] James Blish, The Issues at Hand, page 52.

[28] John J. Miller. "In A Strange Land" (http:/ / nrd. nationalreview. com/ article/ ?q=YjE5OGQwZDgzODc5OTYwODRkNTIzM2Y5ZWZhNDUwNTE=). National Review Online Books Arts and Manners. . Retrieved 27 November 2009.

[29] Centenary a modern sci-fi giant (http:/ / fredericksburg. com/ News/ FLS/ 2007/ 062007/ 06302007/ 296085/ index_html) The Free Lance Star, June 30, 2007.

[30] Libertarian Futurist Society. Prometheus Awards (http:/ / www. lfs. org/ awards. htm) [31] Riggenbach, Jeff. "Was Robert A. Heinlein a Libertarian?" in Mises Daily, June 2, 2010. Ludwig von Mises Institute. [32] The story that Stranger in a Strange Land was used as inspiration by Charles Manson appears to be an urban folk tale; although some of Manson's followers had read the book, Manson himself later said that he had not. However, at one point the Heinleins took the idea seriously enough that they took special precautions against possible targeting by the Manson family, as mentioned in a letter from Virginia Heinlein

reprinted in Grumbles from the Grave. Reason.com (http:/ / reason. com/ news/ show/ 120766. html) It is true that other individuals formed a religious organization called the Church of All Worlds, after the religion founded by the primary characters in Stranger, but Heinlein played no part in this except for some private correspondence with Oberon Zell-Ravenheart and Heinlein's insistence on paying for his subscription to

Green Egg Magazine, refusing a complimentary subscription. (See Heinleinsociety.org (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/ faqworks. html)) [33] Patterson, William H.; Thornton, Andrew. The Martian named Smith: Critical Perspectives on Robert A. Heinlein's Stranger in a Strange Land. Nitrosyncretic Press, 2001. ISBN 0967987423 [34] Robert A. Heinlein: A Reader's Companion, James Gifford, Nitrosyncretic Press, Sacramento, California, 2000, p. 102.

[35] See, e.g., Review of Vulgarity and Nullity (http:/ / www. . co. uk/ writing/ numbeast. html) by Dave Langford. Retrieved July 6, 2007. [36] William H. Patterson, Jr., and Andrew Thornton, The Martian Named Smith: Critical Perspectives on Robert A. Heinlein's Stranger in a Strange Land, p. 128: "His books written after about 1980 ... belong to a series called by one of the central characters World as Myth." The term also occurs in the print literature, e.g., Robert A. Heinlein: A Reader's Companion, James Gifford, Nitrosyncretic Press, Sacramento, California, 2000. The term World as Myth occurs for the first time in Heinlein's novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls.

[37] "Robert A. Heinlein, 1907-1988" (http:/ / library. ucsc. edu/ content/ biographies). Biography of Robert A. Heinlein. University of California Santa Cruz. . Retrieved 27 November 2009.

[38] http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/ works/ articles/ rahrahrah. html [39] Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism, p. 224. SAGE, 2008 ISBN 1412965802 [40] Wooster, Martin Morse. "Heinlein’s Conservatism" (a review of William Patterson's Learning Curve: 1907–1948, the first volume of his authorized biography, Robert A. Heinlein: In Dialogue with His Century) in National Review Online, October 25, 2010. [41] The reference in Tunnel in the Sky is subtle and ambiguous, but at least one college instructor who teaches the book reports that some

students always ask, "Is he black?" (see (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/ faqworks. html)). Critic and Heinlein scholar James Gifford (see bibliography) states: "A very subtle point in the book, one found only by the most careful reading and confirmed by Virginia Heinlein, is Robert A. Heinlein 223

that Rod Walker is black. The most telling clues are Rod's comments about Caroline Mshiyeni being similar to his sister, and the 'obvious' (to all of the other characters) pairing of Rod and Caroline." [42] Robert A. Heinlein, Expanded Universe, foreword to Solution Unsatisfactory, p. 93 of Ace paperback edition. [43] Citations at Sixth Column.

[44] * Appel, J. M. Is all fair in biological warfare? The controversy over genetically engineered biological weapons (http:/ / jme. bmj. com/ cgi/

content/ full/ 35/ 7/ 429), Journal of Medical , Volume 35, Pp. 429-432 (2009). [45] Robert A. Heinlein, Expanded Universe, p. 396 of Ace paperback edition. [46] Robert A. Heinlein, Starship Troopers, p. 121 of Berkley Medallion paperback edition. [47] For example, recruitment officer Mr Weiss, in Starship Troopers (p. 37, New English Library: London, 1977 edition.) [48] William H Patterson jnr's Introduction to The Rolling Stones, Baen: New York, 2009 edition., p.3. [49] Gary Westfahl, "Superladies in Waiting: How the Female Hero Almost Emerges in Science Fiction", Foundation, vol. 58, 1993, pp. 42–62.

[50] The Heinlein Society (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/ works/ articles/ Parenting. html) [51] Patterson and Thornton, 2001, p. 120 [52] Panshin, p. 3, describing de Camp's Science Fiction Handbook [53] Robert A. Heinlein: A Reader's Companion, p. xiii. [54] The New York Times Magazine, On Language, by William Safire, September 3, 2006

[55] (http:/ / original. caw. org/ articles/ WhatIsCaw. html)

[56] The Hammer and the Feather (http:/ / www. hq. nasa. gov/ alsj/ a15/ a15. clsout3. html#1675120). Corrected Transcript and Commentary.

[57] Miller, John J.. "In a Strange Land on National Review / Digital" (http:/ / nrd. nationalreview. com/ article/ ?q=YjE5OGQwZDgzODc5OTYwODRkNTIzM2Y5ZWZhNDUwNTE=). nrd.nationalreview.com. . Retrieved 2008-10-21.

[58] http:/ / ssd. jpl. nasa. gov/ sbdb. cgi?sstr=6312+ Robheinlein

Other sources Critical • H. Bruce Franklin. 1980. Robert A. Heinlein: America as Science Fiction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502746-9. A critique of Heinlein from a Marxist perspective. Somewhat out of date, since Franklin was not aware of Heinlein's work with the EPIC Movement. Includes a biographical chapter, which incorporates some original research on Heinlein's family background.

• James Gifford. 2000. Robert A. Heinlein: A Reader's Companion. Sacramento: Nitrosyncretic Press (http:/ /

www. nitrosyncretic. com/ item-rarc. html). ISBN 0-9679874-1-5 (hardcover), 0967987407 (trade paperback). A comprehensive bibliography, with roughly one page of commentary on each of Heinlein's works.

• Alexei Panshin. 1968. Heinlein in Dimension. Advent. ISBN 0-911682-12-0. Online edition at (http:/ / www.

enter. net/ ~torve/ critics/ Dimension/ hdcontents. html) • William H. Patterson, Jr. and Andrew Thornton. 2001. The Martian Named Smith: Critical Perspectives on Robert A. Heinlein's Stranger in a Strange Land. Sacramento: Nitrosyncretic Press. ISBN 0-9679874-2-3. • Powell, Jim. 2000. The Triumph of Liberty. New York: . See profile of Heinlein in the chapter "Out of this World". • Tom Shippey. 2000. "Starship Troopers, Galactic Heroes, Mercenary Princes: the Military and its Discontents in Science Fiction", in Alan Sandison and Robert Dingley, eds., Histories of the Future: Studies in Fact, Fantasy and Science Fiction. New York: Palgrave. ISBN 0-312-23604-2. • George Edgar Slusser "Robert A. Heinlein: Stranger in his Own Land". San Bernardino, CA: The Borgo Press; The Milford Series, Popular Writers of Today, Vol. 1. • James Blish, writing as William Atheling, Jr. 1970. More Issues at Hand. Chicago: Advent:Publishers, Inc. • Ugo Bellagamba and Eric Picholle. 2008. Solutions Non Satisfaisantes, une Anatomie de Robert A. Heinlein. Les Moutons electriques (Lyon, France). ISBN 978-2-915793-37-6. (French) Biographical • William H. Patterson, Jr. 2010. "Robert A. Heinlein in Dialogue With His Century - 1907-1948 Learning Curve" An Authorized Biography, Volume I. Tom Doherty Associates. ISBN 0765319608 • Robert A. Heinlein. 2004. For Us, the Living. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-7432-5998-X. Robert A. Heinlein 224

Includes an introduction by Spider Robinson, an afterword by Robert E. James with a long biography, and a shorter biographical sketch. • William H. Patterson, Jr. (1999). "Robert Heinlein - A biographical sketch". The Heinlein Journal 1999 (5): 7–36.

Also available at Robert A. Heinlein, a Biographical Sketch (http:/ / members. aol. com/ agplusone/ robert_a.

_heinlein_a_biogr. htm). Retrieved June 1, 2005. A lengthy essay that treats Heinlein's own autobiographical statements with skepticism.

• The Heinlein Society (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ ) and their FAQ (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ rah/

faqworks. html). Retrieved May 30, 2005. Contains a shorter version of the Patterson bio. • Robert A. Heinlein. 1997. Debora Aro is wrong. New York: Del Rey. Outlines thoughts on coincidental thoughts and behaviour and the famous argument over the course of three days with Debora Aro, renowned futurologist. • Robert A. Heinlein. 1989. Grumbles From the Grave. New York: Del Rey. Incorporates a substantial biographical sketch by Virginia Heinlein, which hews closely to his earlier official bios, omitting the same facts (the first of his three marriages, his early left-wing political activities) and repeating the same fictional anecdotes (the short story contest). • Elizabeth Zoe Vicary. 2000. American National Biography Online article, Heinlein, Robert Anson. Retrieved June 1, 2005 (not available for free). Repeats many incorrect statements from Heinlein's fictionalized professional bio. • Robert A. Heinlein. 1980. Expanded Universe. New York: Ace. ISBN 0-441-21888-1. Autobiographical notes are interspersed between the pieces in the anthology. Reprinted by Baen, hardcover October 2003, ISBN 0-7434-7159-8. Reprinted by Baen, paperback July 2005, ISBN 0-7434-9915-8. • Stover, Leon: Robert Heinlein. Boston: Twayne, 1987

External links Bibliography links are in the Robert A. Heinlein bibliography article.

• The Heinlein Society (http:/ / www. heinleinsociety. org/ )

• site:RAH (http:/ / www. nitrosyncretic. com/ rah/ )

• Heinlein Archives (http:/ / www. heinleinarchives. net/ )

• Heinlein Nexus (http:/ / www. heinleinnexus. org/ ), the community continuation of the Centennial effort.

• Heinleinia.com, an interactive exploration of Heinlein's life and works (http:/ / www. heinleinia. com/ )

• Robert & Virginia Heinlein Prize (http:/ / www. heinleinprize. com/ )

• Centennial Celebration in Kansas City (http:/ / www. heinleincentennial. com/ ), July 7, 2007.

• 1952 Popular Mechanics tour of Heinlein's Colorado house. (http:/ / www. nitrosyncretic. com/ rah/

pm652-art-hi. html) accessed June 3, 2005

• Robert A. Heinlein (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Robert_A. _Heinlein) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Robert A. Heinlein (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0374423/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Finding aid for the Robert A. and Virginia G. Heinlein Papers (http:/ / www. oac. cdlib. org/ findaid/ ark:/ 13030/ kt596nd35k)

• Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award (http:/ / www. sfwa. org/ awards/ grand. htm)—Also see Damon Knight's biography of Charles Fort. Robert A. Heinlein 225

• on Working with Robert A. Heinlein (http:/ / www. thewaythefutureblogs. com/ 2010/ 05/

working-with-robert-a-heinlein/ )

Robert B. Parker

Robert B. Parker

photo from Manchester Library

Born Robert Brown ParkerSeptember 17, 1932Springfield, Massachusetts, United States

[2] Died January 18, 2010 (aged 77) Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American

Period 1974–2010

Genres Detective fiction, Western fiction

[3] Spouse(s) Joan Hall Parker (1956-his death)

Children 2 sons

[4]

Robert Brown Parker (September 17, 1932 – January 18, 2010) was an American crime writer. His most famous works were the novels about the private detective . ABC television network developed the television series Spenser: For Hire based on the character in the late 1980s; a series of TV movies based on the character were also produced. His works incorporate encyclopedic knowledge of the Boston metropolitan area.[5] Parker was 77 when he died of a heart attack at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts; discovered at his desk by his wife Joan, he had been working on a novel.[2] [6] [7] The Spenser novels have been cited by critics and bestselling authors such as Robert Crais, Harlan Coben and Dennis Lehane[8] as not only influencing their own work but reviving and changing the detective genre.[9] Robert B. Parker 226

Early life Parker was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.[10] On August 26, 1957, Parker married Joan H. Parker, whom he claimed to have met as a toddler at a birthday party.[11] (They spent their childhoods in the same neighborhood.[12] ) After earning a BA degree from Colby College in Waterville, Maine, Parker served in the US Army in Korea. In 1957, he earned his Master's degree in English literature from Boston University and then worked in advertising and technical writing until 1962.[10] Parker received a PhD in English literature from Boston University in 1971.[13] His dissertation, titled "The Violent Hero, Wilderness Heritage and Urban Reality", discussed the exploits of fictional private-eye heroes created by Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler and Ross Macdonald.[10]

Career Parker wrote his first novel[13] in 1971 while at Northeastern University. He became a full professor in 1976, and turned to full-time writing in 1979 with five Spenser novels to his credit.[10] Parker's popular Spenser novels are known for his characters of varied races and religions. According to critic Christina Nunez, Parker's "inclusion of [characters of] other races and sexual persuasions" lends his writings a "more modern feel".[14] For example, the Spenser series characters include Hawk and Chollo, African-American and Mexican-American, respectively, as well as his Jewish girlfiend, Susan, various Russians, Ukrainians, Chinese, a gay cop, Lee Farrell, and even a gay mob boss, Gino Fish.[15] The open homosexuality of both his sons gives his writing "[a] sensibility," Ms. Nunez feels, "[which] strengthens Parker's sensibility [toward gays]." In 1985 Spenser was made into a successful television series, Spenser for Hire which starred Robert Urich, Avery Brooks and Barbara Stock. Parker created female detective Sunny Randall at the request of actress Helen Hunt, who wanted him to write a part for her to play. He wrote the first book, and the film version was planned for 2000,[10] but never materialized.[13] However, his publisher liked the character and asked him to continue with the series.[13] Another figure created by Parker is , a troubled former LAPD detective, that starts a new career as a police chief in a small New England town. Between 1997 and 2010 wrote nine novels featuring Jesse Stone, many of them have been adapted as TV movies by CBS starring Tom Selleck as Jesse Stone. Aside from crime writing, Parker also produced several Western novels, including ,[16] and children's books. In 1994 he collaborated with Japanese photographer Kasho Kumagai on a coffee table book called Spenser's Boston, exploring the city through Spenser's "eyes" via high quality, 4-color photos. In addition to Parker's introduction, excerpts from several of the Spenser novels were included.[17] Parker and his wife created an independent film company called Pearl Productions, based in Boston. It is named after their German short-haired pointer, Pearl.[13]

Personal life Parker and his wife had two sons, David and Daniel T. Originally, Spenser was to have the first name "David," but he didn't want to omit his other son. He removed the first name completely, and, to this day, Spenser's first name remains unknown.[18]

Awards Parker received three nominations and two Edgar Awards from the Mystery Writers of America. He received the first award, the "Best Novel Award" in 1977, for the fourth novel in the Spenser series, .[19] In 1990 he shared, with wife Joan, a nomination for "Best Television Episode" for the TV series B.L. Stryker; however, the award went to David J. Burke and Alfonse Ruggiero Jr. for Wiseguy. In 2002 he received the Grand Master Award Edgar for his collective oeuvre.[20] Robert B. Parker 227

In 2008 he was awarded the Gumshoe Lifetime Achievement Award.

Bibliography

Novels

The following table can be sorted to show Parker's novels in chronological order, or arranged alphabetically by title, or by ISBN, or by series.

Title Year ISBN Series Notes

The Godwulf Manuscript (1973) ISBN Spenser 0-440-12961-3

God Save the Child (1974) ISBN Spenser 0-425-04301-0

Mortal Stakes (1975) ISBN Spenser 0-440-15758-7

Promised Land (1976) ISBN Spenser Edgar Award, 1977, Best Novel 0-395-24771-3

The Judas Goat (1978) ISBN Spenser 0-440-14196-6

Wilderness (1979) ISBN 0-440-19328-1

Looking for Rachel Wallace (1980) ISBN Spenser 0-440-15316-6

Love and Glory (1980) ISBN 0-440-14629-1

Early Autumn (1980) ISBN Spenser 0-440-12214-7

A Savage Place (1981) ISBN Spenser 0-440-08094-0

Ceremony (1982) ISBN Spenser 0-440-10993-0

The Widening Gyre (1983) ISBN Spenser 0-440-19535-7

Valediction (1984) ISBN Spenser 0-440-19246-3

A Catskill Eagle (1985) ISBN Spenser 0-440-11132-3

Taming a Sea Horse (1986) ISBN Spenser 0-440-18841-5

Pale Kings and Princes (1987) ISBN Spenser 0-440-20004-0

Crimson Joy (1988) ISBN Spenser 0-440-20343-0

Playmates (1989) ISBN Spenser 0-425-12001-5

Poodle Springs (1989) ISBN Philip Marlowe A completion of Raymond Chandler's last, 0-425-12343-X unfinished, novel. Robert B. Parker 228

Stardust (1990) ISBN Spenser 0-425-12723-0

Pastime (1991) ISBN Spenser 0-425-13293-5

Perchance to Dream (1991) ISBN Philip Marlowe A sequel to Chandler's novel The Big Sleep. 0-425-13131-9

Double Deuce (1992) ISBN Spenser 0-425-13793-7

Paper Doll (1993) ISBN Spenser 0-425-14155-1

Walking Shadow (1994) ISBN Spenser 0-425-14774-6

All Our Yesterdays (1994) ISBN 0-440-22146-3

Thin Air (1995) ISBN Spenser 0-425-15290-1

Chance (1996) ISBN Spenser 0-425-15747-4

Small Vices (1997) ISBN Spenser 0-425-16248-6

Night Passage (1997) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-425-18396-3

Trouble in Paradise (1998) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-515-12649-7

Sudden Mischief (1998) ISBN Spenser 0-425-16828-X

Hush Money (1999) ISBN Spenser 0-425-17401-8

Family Honor (1999) ISBN Sunny Randall 0-399-14566-4

Perish Twice (2000) ISBN Sunny Randall 0-399-14668-7

Hugger Mugger (2000) ISBN Spenser 0-399-14587-7

Gunman's Rhapsody (2001) ISBN 0-425-18289-4

Death in Paradise (2001) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-399-14779-9

Potshot (2001) ISBN Spenser 0-425-18288-6

Widow's Walk (2002) ISBN Spenser 0-425-18904-X

Shrink Rap (2002) ISBN Sunny Randall 0-515-13620-4

Back Story (2003) ISBN Spenser 0-425-19479-5 Robert B. Parker 229

Stone Cold (2003) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-425-19874-X

Bad Business (2004) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15145-1

Melancholy Baby (2004) ISBN Sunny Randall 0-399-15218-0

Double Play (2004) ISBN 0-399-15188-5

Cold Service (2005) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15240-7

Appaloosa (2005) ISBN Virgil Cole and Everett 0-425-20432-4 Hitch

School Days (2005) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15323-3

Hundred-Dollar Baby (2006) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15376-4

Blue Screen (2006) ISBN Sunny Randall 0-425-21598-9

Sea Change (2006) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-399-15267-9

Spare Change (2007) ISBN Sunny Randall 0-399-15425-6

Now and Then (2007) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15441-8

Edenville Owls (2007) ISBN 0-399-24656-8

High Profile (2007) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-425-20609-2

Stranger In Paradise (2008) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-399-15460-4

The Boxer and the Spy (2008) ISBN 0-399-24775-0

Rough Weather (2008) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15519-8

Resolution (2008) ISBN Virgil Cole and Everett 0-399-15504-X Hitch

Brimstone (2009) ISBN Virgil Cole and Everett 0-399-15571-6 Hitch

Chasing the Bear: A Young Spenser (2009) ISBN Spenser Novel 0-399-24776-9

The Professional (2009) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15594-5

Night and Day (2009) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-399-15541-4

Split Image (2010) ISBN Jesse Stone 0-399-15623-6 Robert B. Parker 230

Blue-Eyed Devil (2010) ISBN Virgil Cole and Everett 0-399-15648-8 Hitch

Painted Ladies (2010) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15685-2

Sixkill (2011) ISBN Spenser 0-399-15726-3

Non-fiction • Sports Illustrated Training with Weights (with John R. Marsh) (1974) ISBN 1-568-00032-4 • Three Weeks in Spring (with Joan H. Parker) (1982) ISBN 0-395-26282-8 • A Year At The Races (with Joan H. Parker) (1990) ISBN 0-670-82678-2 • Spenser's Boston (with Kasho Kumagai) (1994) ISBN 1883402506 ISBN 978-1883402501

Short fiction "Surrogate"' (1991)" A short story published in the crime magazine New Crimes 3 ISBN 0-8818-4737-2

Death Parker died suddenly of a heart attack, sitting at his desk in Cambridge, Massachusetts on January 18, 2010. He was 77.[2] [6] [21]

References

[1] David, Peter (2006-06-20). ""What’cha wanna know?" peterdavid.net; June 20, 2006" (http:/ / peterdavid. malibulist. com/ archives/ 004131. html). Peterdavid.malibulist.com. . Retrieved 2009-09-10.

[2] "'Spenser' novelist Robert Parker dies in Cambridge" (http:/ / www. bostonherald. com/ entertainment/ books/ view. bg?articleid=1226710& pos=breaking). Boston Herald. Associated Press. 2010-01-19. . Retrieved 2010-01-19. [3] See Discussion Page

[4] http:/ / www. robertbparker. net/ [5] Geherin, David (c1980). Sons of Sam Spade: the private-eye novel in the 70s: Robert B. Parker, Roger L. Simon, Andrew Bergman. Ungar. ISBN 0804422311.

[6] Bryan Marquard (January 19, 2010). "Mystery novelist Robert Parker dies at 77" (http:/ / www. boston. com/ news/ local/ breaking_news/

2010/ 01/ mystery_novelis. html). The Boston Globe. . Retrieved January 20, 2010.

[7] Patricia Sullivan (January 20, 2010). "Crime novelist, Spenser creator Robert B. Parker dies at 77" (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/

wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2010/ 01/ 19/ AR2010011902195. html). The Washington Post. . Retrieved January 20, 2010.

[8] "His Spenser Novels Saved Detective Fiction" by Tom Nolan, The Wall Street Journal (http:/ / online. wsj. com/ article/

SB10001424052748703837004575013104258735756. html)

[9] "Robert B. Parker left a mark on the detective novel" by Sarah Weinman, Los Angeles Times (http:/ / articles. latimes. com/ 2010/ jan/ 20/

entertainment/ la-et-robert-parker20-2010jan20)

[10] Robert B. Parker biography (http:/ / www. litweb. net/ biogs/ parker_robert_b. html) from Litweb.net

[11] Bruce Weber (January 20, 2010). "Robert B. Parker, the Prolific Writer Who Created Spenser, Is Dead at 77" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/

2010/ 01/ 20/ books/ 20parker. html). The New York Times. . Retrieved January 20, 2010.

[12] Jules Older (October 2003). "Robert B. Parker 2003 Interview" (http:/ / www. yankeemagazine. com/ issues/ 2003-10/ robert-parker). Yankee Magazine. . Retrieved 2010-02-23.

[13] Author Profile: Robert B. Parker (http:/ / www. bookreporter. com/ authors/ au-parker-robert. asp) from BookReporter.com

[14] Christina Nunez. "Robert B. Parker Biography" (http:/ / www. barnesandnoble. com/ writers/ writerdetails. asp?cid=802368). Barnes and Noble. . Retrieved 2010-02-23. [15] See nearly the entire Spenser series for Hawk, whose prominence in the plots increases with each book; for Chollo, Stardust, Pot Shot, and ; features Ukrainian and Russian mobsters; and , which explores Chinese tongs and includes a Chinese-American translator named Mei Ling who has a relationship with Hawk; see Chance for Gino Fish, who also crosses over into the first Jesse Stone novel. [16] This was adapted to film in 2008 by Ed Harris, starring Harris (who also directed and co-wrote the screenplay), Viggo Mortensen and Jeremy Irons [17] The Tennessean, 8 March 2009, Arts & Entertainment, p. 11 Robert B. Parker 231

[18] Robert B. Parker FAQ (http:/ / bullets-and-beer. com/ FAQ2. html) Bullets and Beer

[19] "Edgars" database search for "Grand Master" award (http:/ / www. theedgars. com/ edgarsDB/ index. php) at the Mystery Writers of America's website . Retrieved February 2009.

[20] theedgars.com database (http:/ / www. theedgars. com/ edgarsDB/ index. php). Retrieved February 2009.

[21] Bryan Marquard (January 20, 2010). "'Spenser' novelist Parker dead at 77" (http:/ / www. boston. com/ bostonglobe/ obituaries/ articles/

2010/ 01/ 20/ spenser_novelist_parker_dead_at_77/ ). The Boston Globe. . Retrieved February 20, 2010.

External links

• Official site of author (http:/ / www. robertbparker. net/ )

• Spenser at Yahoo! (http:/ / tv. groups. yahoo. com/ group/ spenser/ ) A Yahoo! discussion group for fans of Robert B. Parker

• Robert B. Parker (http:/ / www. iblist. com/ author1762. htm) at Internet Book List/ Internet Book List :: Home

(http:/ / www. iblist. com/ )

• Robert B Parker (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ news/ obituaries/ culture-obituaries/ books-obituaries/ 7038200/

Robert-B-Parker. html) - Daily Telegraph obituary

• "Looking for Robert B. Parker: A Fond Farewell to the Man Who Saved P.I. Fiction," Part I (http:/ / therapsheet.

blogspot. com/ 2010/ 01/ looking-for-robert-b-parker-fond. html) and Part II (http:/ / therapsheet. blogspot. com/

2010/ 01/ looking-for-robert-b-parker-fond_25. html) - The Rap Sheet Sherman Alexie 232 Sherman Alexie

Sherman Alexie

Sherman Alexie at the BookExpo Conference in New York City in 2007.

Born Sherman Joseph Alexie, Jr.October 7, 1966Wellpinit, Washington

Occupation Poet, Short-Story Writer, Novelist, Screenwriter, Filmmaker

Nationality Spokane/Coeur d'Alene/American

Genres Native American literature, Humor, Documentary fiction

Literary movement Indigenous Nationalism

Notable work(s) The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Smoke Signals (film)

Notable award(s) American Book Award, National Book Award, PEN/Hemingway, PEN/Faulkner

Sherman Joseph Alexie, Jr. (born October 7, 1966) is a writer, poet, filmmaker, and occasional comedian. Much of his writing draws on his experiences as a Native American. Two of Alexie's best known works are The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1994), a book of short stories and Smoke Signals, a film. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, an autobiographical young adult novel, was his first major commercial success. He lives in Seattle, Washington.[1]

Personal Sherman Alexie was born on October 7, in the Spokane Indian Reservation in Wellpinit, Washington. He was born with hydrocephalus, which caused him to suffer from seizures throughout his childhood. Alexie made the conscious decision to leave his reservation and attend Reardan High School, where he knew he would receive a better education.[2] In 1985, Alexie enrolled at Gonzaga University on a scholarship. In 1987, he transferred to Washington State University (WSU), where he fell under the influence of Alex Kuo. Kuo inspired Alexie to write poetry, and soon after graduating, Alexie published his first collection of poems, The Business of Fancy Dancing, through Hanging Loose Press.[2] In 2005, Alexie became a founding Board Member of Longhouse Media, a non-profit organization that is committed to teaching filmmaking skills to Native American youth, and to use media for cultural expression and social change. Mr. Alexie has long supported youth programs and initiatives dedicated to uplifting at-risk Native youth.[3] Sherman Alexie 233

Alexie is married to Diane Tomhave, who is of Hidatsa, Ho-Chunk and Potawatomi heritage. They live in Seattle with their two sons.[2]

Basketball Alexie is also noted for his love of basketball, both as an audience member and a player. He is a loyal and enthusiastic supporter of the now relocated Seattle SuperSonics. His writings on the sport are frequently cited by notable basketball writers, such as ESPN's Henry Abbott. Prior to the SuperSonics' relocation, the City of Seattle filed a lawsuit against the team's ownership group headed by businessman Clayton Bennett in an attempt to force the team to play out the remainder of its lease (which was to expire in 2010) in Seattle's KeyArena. Alexie testified in favor of the city, stressing the importance of the Sonics to Seattle's culture and community, as well as to individual fans - an experience that he would later describe as the "most terrifying and stressful public speaking gig I've ever had to endure."[4] However, the City of Seattle settled with the ownership group, permitting the team to break its lease and move to Oklahoma City for the following season, in exchange for a multi-million dollar cash settlement. Despite the personal and communal loss, Alexie retains his love for the game, and continues to follow pro ball passionately.

Works Alexie's stories have been included in several prestigious short story anthologies, including The Best American Short Stories 2004, edited by Lorrie Moore; and Pushcart Prize XXIX of the Small Presses. Additionally, a number of his pieces have been published in various literary magazines and journals, as well as online publications.

Poetry • On The Amtrak from Boston to New York City [5] (1990) • The Business of Fancydancing (1991) • I Would Steal Horses [6] (1992) • Old Shirts and New Skins (1969) • Postcards to Columbus (1993) • First Indian on the Moon (1993) • Seven Mourning Songs For the Cedar Flute I Have Yet to Learn to Play (1993) • Water Flowing Home (1995) • The Summer of Black Widows (1996) • The Man Who Loves Salmon (1998) • One Stick Song (2000) • Dangerous Astronomy (2005) • Face (2009), Hanging Loose Press (April 15, 2009) hardcover, 160 pages, ISBN 978-1931236713 • "SHOES" Sherman Alexie 234

Fiction by Sherman Alexie • The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven Martin Secker & Warburg Ltd (February 28, 1994), hardcover: 224 pages, ISBN 978-0436201905 • Reservation Blues (1995) • Indian Killer (1996) • The Toughest Indian in the World (2000) (collection of short stories) • Ten Little Indians (2003) • Flight (2007 novel) • The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Little, Brown Books for Young Readers; 1st edition (September 12, 2007), hardcover, 240 pages, ISBN 978-0316013680 • War Dances (2009) • "Fiction Chronicle" [7] review of War Dances by Jan Stuart, Sunday Book Review, The New York Times October 22, 2009

Films • Smoke Signals (writer, 1998; adapted from a short story, "This is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona" in Lone Ranger and Tonto) • The Business of Fancydancing (writer and director, 2002) • 49? (writer, 2003) • The Exiles (presenter, 2008)

Awards and honors • 1992: National Endowment for the Arts Poetry Fellowship • The New York Times Book Review Notable book of the Year for The Business of Fancydancing • 1996: Before Columbus Foundation: American Book Award • Granta Magazine: Twenty Best American Novelists Under the Age of 40 • New York Times Notable Book for Indian Killer • People Magazine: Best of Pages • 1999: The New Yorker: 20 Writers for the 21st Century • 2007: National Book Award prize for Young People's literature for The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian • 2010: PEN/Faulkner Award for War Dances [8] • 2010: Native Writers' Circle of the Americas Lifetime Achievement Award • 2010: recipient of the Puterbaugh " [9] award, the first American Puterbaugh fellow

Translators of Sherman Alexie's works Alexie's works have been translated into many languages. His translators include: • Czech - Jiri Hruby, Lubos Snizek • Hebrew - Lia Nirgad • Hungarian - Zoltán Holbok • Japanese - Mizuhito Kanehara • Punjabi - Gurjap Toor • Swahili - Kudus Babatunde Akinwande • Swedish - Ingela Jernberg • Tamil - Velupillai Prabhakaran Sherman Alexie 235

• French - Valérie Le Plouhinec • Finnish - Jussi Hirvi

Notes and references

[1] "In His Own Literary World, a Native Son Without Borders" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2009/ 10/ 21/ books/ 21alexie. html) article by Eric Konigsberg in The New York Times October 20, 2009

[2] Official Sherman Alexie website (http:/ / www. fallsapart. com/ biography. html)

[3] (http:/ / www. longhousemedia. org/ about. html)

[4] Sherman Alexie (2008-07-29). "Sixty-One Things I Learned During the Sonics Trial" (http:/ / www. thestranger. com/ seattle/

Content?oid=631015& hp). The Stranger. . Retrieved 2008-07-31.

[5] http:/ / www. poemhunter. com/ poem/ on-the-amtrak-from-boston-to-new-york-city/

[6] http:/ / www. slipstreampress. org/ horses. html

[7] http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2009/ 10/ 25/ books/ review/ Stuart-t. html

[8] http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2010/ 03/ 23/ AR2010032301846. html

[9] http:/ / www. ou. edu/ worldlit/ puterbaugh. htm

• Nygren, Åse. "A World of Story-Smoke: A Conversation with Sherman Alexie." MELUS (http:/ / webspace. ship.

edu/ kmlong/ melus/ ) 30.4 (Winter 2005): 149-169. • West, Dennis, and Joan M. West. " Sending Cinematic Smoke Signals: An Interview with Sherman Alexie (http:/

/ www. lib. berkeley. edu/ MRC/ alexie. html)". Cineaste 23.41998 29-33.

• Alexie, Sherman; Bill Clinton and Tom Lehrer. " A Dialogue on Race with President Clinton (http:/ / www. pbs.

org/ newshour/ bb/ race_relations/ OneAmerica/ transcript. html)". News Hour (July 9, 1998).

External links and further reading

• Fallsapart.com (http:/ / www. fallsapart. com/ ), Official Sherman Alexie Site

• Sherman Alexie (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0018963/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Salon.com (http:/ / www. salon. com/ audio/ 2000/ 10/ 05/ alexie/ ), Alexie audio reading

• Poets.org (http:/ / www. poets. org/ poet. php/ prmPID/ 395), Academy of American Poets Alexie page

• YouTube.com (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=hHfsi5p2AZg), Interview on Charlie Rose, June 26, 1998

• WNYC.org (http:/ / www. wnyc. org/ stream/ ram. py?file=studio360/ studio042404b. ra& start=%2213:48.

0%22& end=%2220:00%22), Interview on WNYC FM

• OPB.org (http:/ / www. opb. org/ thinkoutloud/ shows/ northwest-passages-sherman-alexie/ ), Interview on Oregon radio show Think Out Loud (aired October 8, 2009)

• "In His Own Literary World, a Native Son Without Borders" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2009/ 10/ 21/ books/

21alexie. html) article by Eric Konigsberg in The New York Times October 20, 2009 Sherrilyn Kenyon 236 Sherrilyn Kenyon

Sherrilyn Kenyon Born 1965Columbus, Georgia, USA

Pen name Kinley MacGregor

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American

Period 1994 - present

Genres Urban Fantasy, Fantasy, Science Fiction, Paranormal, Suspense

[1]

Sherrilyn Kenyon (born in 1965 in Columbus, Georgia, USA) is a #1 bestselling and award-winning US writer of both fiction and nonfiction. Under her own name she writes Urban Fantasy, but is best known for her Dark-Hunter vampire series. Under the pseudonym Kinley MacGregor she wrote historicals also with paranormal elements.[2] Kenyon's novels have an "international following"[3] with over twenty million copies in print in over thirty countries. Under both names, her books have appeared at the top of the New York Times, Publishers Weekly, and USA Today lists, and they are frequent bestsellers in Germany, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

Early life Sherrilyn Kenyon was born in Columbus, Georgia.[4]

Bibliography as Sherrilyn Kenyon

The League Series 1. "Born of the Night" 2. "Born of Fire" 3. "Born of Ice" (2009/12/01) 4. "Fire and Ice" (short story) re-released in the Anthology, "In Other World". (2010/07/06) 5. "Born of Shadows" (to be released 2011)

Dark-Hunter series The Dark-Hunters are immortal warriors pledged to the Greek goddess and dedicated to defending mankind against Daimons (vampires) and other assorted enemies including a couple of rogue gods and goddesses. 1. Fantasy Lover, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2002) (ISBN 0-31297-997-5) 2. The Beginning,[5] also in the back of Sins of the Night early print editions (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2002) 3. Dragonswan, in the anthology Tapestry, published by Jove (2002, ISBN 0-51513-362-0) and reprinted singly by Berkley (2005, ISBN 0-51514-079-1) 4. Night Pleasures, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2002) (ISBN 0-31297-998-3) 5. Night Embrace, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2003) (ISBN 0-31298-482-0) 6. Phantom Lover, in the anthology Midnight Pleasures (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2003) (ISBN 0-31298-762-5) 7. Dance with the Devil, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2003) (ISBN 0-31298-483-9) 8. A Dark-Hunter Christmas,[6] also in the back of Dance with the Devil early print editions (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2003) Sherrilyn Kenyon 237

9. Kiss of the Night, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2004) (ISBN 0-31299-241-6) 10. Night Play, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2004) (ISBN 0-31299-242-4) 11. Winter Born, in the anthology Stroke of Midnight (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2004) (ISBN 0-31299-876-7) 12. Seize the Night, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2005) (ISBN 0-31299-243-2) 13. Sins of the Night, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2005) (ISBN 0-31293-432-7) 14. Second Chances, in Exclusive Dark-Hunter Collectible Booklet (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2005), free giveaway 15. Unleash the Night, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2005) (ISBN 0-31293-433-5) 16. Dark Side of the Moon (St. Martin's Press, 2006, reprinted by St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2007)(HB ISBN 0-31235-743-5, PB ISBN 0-31293-434-3) 17. A Hard Day's Night-Searcher, in the anthology My Big Fat Supernatural Wedding (St. Martin's Griffin, 2006) (ISBN 0-31234-360-4) 18. Until Death We Do Part, in the anthology Love At First Bite (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2006) (ISBN 0-31234-929-7) 19. Fear the Darkness, free ebook [7] (St. Martin's Press, 2007) 20. The Dream-Hunter (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2007) (ISBN 0-31293-881-0) 21. Devil May Cry (St. Martin's Press, 2007, reprinted by St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2008) (HB ISBN 0-31236-950-6, PB ISBN 0-31294-686-4) 22. Upon the Midnight Clear (St. Martin's Paperback, 2007) (ISBN 0-31294-705-4) 23. The Dark-Hunter Companion, co-author Alethea Kontis (St. Martin's Griffin, 2007) (ISBN 0-31236-343-5) 24. Dream Chaser (St. Martin's Paperback, 2008) (ISBN 0-31293-882-9) 25. Acheron (St. Martin's Press, 2008) (ISBN 0-312-36215-3) 26. One Silent Night (St. Martin's Press, 2008) (ISBN 0-31294-706-2) 27. Shadow of the Moon, in the anthology Dead After Dark (St. Martin's Press, 2008) (ISBN 0-31294-798-4) 28. Dream Warrior (St. Martin's Press, 2009) (ISBN 0-31293-883-7) 29. Bad Moon Rising (St. Martin's Press, 2009) (ISBN 0-31236-949-2) 30. Infinity: Chronicles of Nick (St. Martin's Press, 2010) (ISBN 0-31259-907-2) 31. No Mercy (St. Martin's Press, 2010) (ISBN 0-31254-656-4) 32. : Chronicles of Nick (2/2011) 33. Redemption (8/2011)(this book might be called Retribution, according to Amazon.com there is a new Dark Hunter book out for pre-order for the exact same date)

B.A.D. Agency Series Published by Simon & Schuster. 1. BAD to the Bone, in the anthology Big Guns Out of Uniform (2005) (ISBN 1-41650-967-4) 2. Captivated By You, in the anthology Tie Me Up, Tie Me Down: Three Tales of Erotic Romance (2005) (ISBN 1-41650-159-2) 3. Bad Attitude, (2005) (HB ISBN 1-41650-356-0, PB ISBN 1-41652-029-5) 4. Born to Be B.A.D., a reprint of the BAD stories PLUS a new short story called One BAD Night (2005) (ISBN 1-41650-750-7) 5. Turn Up the Heat, in the anthology Playing Easy to Get (Pocket, 2006) (ISBN 1-41651-087-7) 6. Phantom in the Night, (2008) (ISBN 1-41650-357-9) 7. Whispered Lies, (2009) (ISBN 1-43916-994-2) 8. Silent Truth, (2010) (ISBN 1-41659-745-X) Sherrilyn Kenyon 238

Nevermore series 1. Alpha (2011) 2. Omega (TBA)

Other novels and novellas • Daemon's Angel, (Leisure, 1995) (ISBN 0-50552-026-5) • Love Bytes, in the anthology Naughty or Nice (St. Martin's Press, 2000) (ISBN 0-31298-102-3) • Knightly Dreams, in the anthology What Dreams May Come (, 2005) (ISBN 0-42521-085-5)

Essays • "The Search of Spike's Balls", in Seven Seasons of Buffy edited by Ben Bella (ISBN 1-93210-008-3) • "Parting Gifts", in Five Seasons of Angel edited by Glenn Yeffeth (ISBN 1-93210-033-4)

Non-fiction • The Writer's Guide to Everyday Life in the Middle Ages, (Writer's Digest, 1995) • The Writer's Complete Fantasy Reference: An Indispensable Compendium of Myth and Magic, (Writer's Digest, 2000) • The Writer's Digest Character Naming Sourcebook, with Hal Blythe and Charlie Sweet (ISBN 0-89879-632-6) • The Writer's Digest Character Naming Sourcebook, 2nd ed. (ISBN 1-58297-295-8)

Bibliography as Kinley MacGregor Published by Avon (HarperCollins Publishers) unless noted otherwise.

The Sea Wolves Series 1. Master of Seduction, (2000) (ISBN 0-06108-712-2) 2. A Pirate of Her Own, (2004) (ISBN 0-06108-711-4)

The MacAllisters series 1. Master of Desire, (2001) (ISBN 0-06108-713-0) 2. Claiming the Highlander, (2002) (ISBN 0-38081-789-6) 3. Born in Sin, (2003) (ISBN 0-38081-790-X) 4. Taming the Scotsman, (2003) (ISBN 0-38081-791-8) 5. Midsummer's Knight, in the anthology Where's My Hero? (2003) (ISBN 0-06050-524-9) 6. The Warrior, (2007)

Brotherhood of the Sword Series 1. Born in Sin, (2003) (ISBN 0-38081-790-X) 2. Taming the Scotsman, (2003) (ISBN 0-38081-791-8) 3. Midsummer's Knight, in the anthology Where's My Hero? (2003) (ISBN 0-06050-524-9) 4. A Dark Champion, (2004) (ISBN 0-06056-541-1) 5. Return of the Warrior, (2005) (ISBN 0-06056-543-8) 6. The Warrior, (2007) (ISBN 0-06079-667-7) Sherrilyn Kenyon 239

Lords of Avalon Series 1. Sword of Darkness, (2006)(ISBN 0-06056-544-6) 2. Knight of Darkness, (2006) (ISBN 0-06079-662-6) 3. The Wager, in the anthology Elemental: The Tsunami Relief Anthology: Stories of Science Fiction and Fantasy (Tor Books, 2006) 4. Darkness Within (2011)

Other novels and novellas • Santa Wears Spurs, in the anthology All I Want for Christmas (St. Martin's Press, 1999) (ISBN 0-31297-680-1)

Awards Sherrilyn Kenyon has received numerous nominations and awards both under her real name and as Kinley MacGregor.

2001 and earlier [8] • Maggie Award of Excellence • MARA Award • Holt Medallion • Heart Rate Reviews Reviewer's Choice Award • Amazon.com's Hot 100 • Amazon.com's Movers & Shakers • Amazon.com's Best Seller for 2001 • RT Kiss Award • Fool For Love • Affaire de Coeur Reader's Choice • Sapphire Award • RT Reviewer's Choice Awards

2002 [8] • Top Ten Books of the Year from RWA (Romance Writer's Association) - Fantasy Lover • Prism • Best Fantasy - Fantasy Lover • Best Light Paranormal - Night Pleasures • Night Pleasures and Fantasy Lover were finalists in the Aspen Gold contest. • Night Pleasures and Fantasy Lover were finalists in the GRW Maggie Award. • Night Pleasures won the HOLT Medallion. • PEARL (Paranormal Excellence Award in Romantic Literature) (2002) • Best Shape-Shifter - Night Pleasures • Best Fantasy/Magical - Fantasy Lover • Best Novella or Short Story - Dragonswan • Best Anthology - Tapestry, with Madeline Hunter, Sherrilyn Kenyon, Lynn Kurland, Karen Marie Moning • Best Overall Paranormal, Honorable Mention - Fantasy Lover • Night Pleasures and Fantasy Lover are double finalists in the Holt Medallion Award. Sherrilyn Kenyon 240

• RIO (Reviewers International Organization) (20023) • Favorite Anthology - Tapestry • Favorite Paranormal, Honorable Mention - Fantasy Lover • Laurel Wreath Award for Night Pleasures • Love Romances 2002 Golden Rose Reader Choice Awards Winner: 1. Best Historical Romance - Claiming the Highlander 2. Best Paranormal Romance (Honorable Mention) - Fantasy Lover 3. Best Novella (Honorable Mention) - Dragonswan 4. Best Romanctic Anthology (Honorable Mention) - Tapestry 5. Best Medieval Romance - Claiming the Highlander 6. Best Time Travel (Honorable Mention) - Dragonswan 7. Best Romantic Sci-Fi Fantasy - Fantasy Lover • RT Booklovers Reviewer's Choice • Best Historical Anthology, Nominee - Tapestry • Best Vampire Romance - Night Pleasures • Best Scottish Historical Romance - Claiming the Highlander • 2002 RBL Hughie Awards: [8] 1. Best Anthology - Tapestry 2. Best New to You Author - Sherrilyn Kenyon/Kinley MacGregor 3. Favorite Secondary Character (Male) Talon (Night Pleasures) 4. Funniest Scene: The handcuffs scene (Night Pleasures) 5. Best Line or Quote - "Be kind to Dragonswans, for thou art gorgeous when naked and taste good with Cool Whip." (Dragonswan) 6. Best Medieval Historical Romance - Claiming the Highlander

2003-2004 [8] • Prism (2004) • Best Dark Paranormal - Dance with the Devil • Best Light Paranormal - Night Embrace • RIO (Reviewers International Organization) (2003) • Favorite Paranormal - Dance With The Devil • The Golden Quill for Best Paranormal, Dance with the Devil • The Bookseller's Best Award for Born in Sin, Best Long Historical and Dance with the Devil for Best Paranormal (Night Embrace was second) • Night Embrace won the Contemporary category of the Scarlet Letter award and is named Grand Champion of all the winners. • Night Embrace and Born in Sin won the HOLT Medallion • Night Embrace won the Laurie • Born in Sin won the Beacon for Best Historical • Born in Sin won the Yellow Rose for Best Historical • Sapphires for Dance with the Devil and "Phantom Lover". • Love Romances 2003 Golden Rose Reader Choice Awards Winner: 1. Born In Sin - Kinley MacGregor - Best Historical Romance Sherrilyn Kenyon 241

2. Dance With The Devil - Sherrilyn Kenyon - Best Paranormal Romance 3. Dance With The Devil - Sherrilyn Kenyon - Best Vampire Romance 4. Dance With The Devil - Sherrilyn Kenyon - Best Book Cover- Artist Unknown 5. "Phantom Lover" (Midnight Pleasures) - Sherrilyn Kenyon - Best Novella 6. Night Embrace - Sherrilyn Kenyon- Honorable Mention Best Shapeshifter Romance • 2003 RBL Hughie Awards: 1. Best Scottish Historical Romance - Born In Sin by Kinley MacGregor 2. Best Paranormal Romance (time travel, futuristic, fantasy, etc.) Dance With The Devil by Sherrilyn Kenyon 3. Best Anthology - Midnight Pleasures by Sherrilyn Kenyon, Amanda Ashley, Maggie Shayne, and Rhonda Thompson and Where's My Hero? by Lisa Kleypas, Julia Quinn, and Kinley MacGregor 4. Best Cover - Dance With The Devil by Sherrilyn Kenyon 5. Best Author - Sherrilyn Kenyon (Kinley MacGregor) 6. Favorite Secondary Character (Male) - Acheron (Dark Hunter Series by Sherrilyn Kenyon) 7. Favorite Secondary Character (Female) - Simi, the Charonte Demon (Dance With The Devil by Sherrilyn Kenyon) 8. Funniest Scene - Sin meeting the MacAllister brothers after he marries Callie (Born In Sin by Kinley MacGregor) 9. Best Line or Quote - "You know, Sunshine, you need to find a man like that to marry. Someone so well-hung that even after three or four kids, he’d still be wall to wall." (Night Embrace by Sherrilyn Kenyon) • Night Pleasures won the Laurel Wreath Award with Fantasy Lover coming in a close second • PEARL (Paranormal Excellence Award in Romantic Literature) (2003) • Best Shape-Shifter, Honorable Mention - Dance With The Devil • Best Novella or Short Story, Honorable Mention - "Phantom Lover" • Best Anthology, Honorable Mention - Midnight Pleasures, with Sherrilyn Kenyon, Amanda Ashley, Maggie Shayne, and Rhonda Thompson • Favorite Overall Paranormal, Honorable Mention - Dance With the Devil

2005-2006 • Darrell Awards (2006) [9] • Best Novel - Sins of the Night • RIO (Reviewers International Organization) (2005) [10] • Favorite Paranormal - Seize the Night • PEARL (Paranormal Excellence Award in Romantic Literature) (2005) [11] • Best Paranormal Over All - Sins of the Night • Best Paranormal Over All, Honorable Mention - Unleash the Night • Best Anthology - What Dreams May Come • Best Erotic - Unleash the Night • Best Shapeshifter - Sins of the Night • Sins of the Night was #5 on Amazon.com's bestselling books of 2005. Fantasy Lover and Night Pleasures are #6 and #7 respectively for the best of the decade so far. • Love Romances 2005 Golden Rose Reader Choice Awards Winner: 1. Best Historical - A Dark Champion - Kinley MacGregor 2. Best Novella - "Winter Born" - Sherrilyn Kenyon 3. Best Vampire - Seize the Night - Sherrilyn Kenyon 4. Best Shapeshifter - Night Play - Sherrilyn Kenyon Sherrilyn Kenyon 242

5. Best Couple - Vane & Bride in Night Play - Sherrilyn Kenyon 6. Best Cover - Kiss of the Night - Sherrilyn Kenyon

2007 • Devil May Cry was #2 on New York Times Best Sellers Hardcover Fiction List (week ended August 11, 2007)[12]

References

[1] http:/ / www. sherrilynkenyon. com/

[2] "Sherrilyn's Cyberhome" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070110153617/ http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ sherrilyn/ intro. htm).

Sherrilyn Kenyon Official Website. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ sherrilyn/ intro. htm) on 2007-01-10. . Retrieved 2007-02-09.

[3] Kenyon, Sherrilyn. "About Me" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070819195058/ http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ sherrilyn/ aboutme.

htm). Sherrilyn Kenyon Official Website. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ / sherrilyn/ aboutme. htm) on 2007-08-19. . Retrieved 2007-02-09.

[4] Kenyon, Sherrilyn. "In Memoriam" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070208050358/ http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ sherrilyn/ mom.

htm). Sherrilyn Kenyon Official Website. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ sherrilyn/ mom. htm) on 2007-02-08. . Retrieved 2007-02-09.

[5] "The Beginning" (http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ / hunter/ acheronstory. htm)

[6] "A Dark-Hunter Christmas" (http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ / hunter/ xmasstory. htm)

[7] http:/ / www. kenyonfearthedarkness. com/

[8] "Writing Awards" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20061229084730/ http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ hunter/ writingawards. htm).

Sherrilyn Kenyon Official Website. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. dailyinquisitor. com/ / hunter/ writingawards. htm) on 2006-12-29. . Retrieved 2007-02-09.

[9] http:/ / freepages. misc. rootsweb. com/ ~timgatewood/ sf/ darrell/ 2006_Results. xls

[10] http:/ / www. rio-reviewers. com/ rae/ rae2005. html

[11] http:/ / paranormalromance. org/ 2005pearls. php

[12] http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 08/ 26/ books/ bestseller/ 0826besthardfiction. html?_r=1& oref=slogin

External links

• Sherrilyn Kenyon Book Reviews (http:/ / www. nightowlromance. com/ )

• Sherrilyn Kenyon's Official Site (http:/ / www. sherrilynkenyon. com)

• Sherrilyn Kenyon's Podcast (http:/ / sherrilynkenyon. libsyn. com)

• Bibliography (http:/ / scifan. com/ writers/ kk/ KenyonSherrilyn. asp) at SciFan

• Sherrilyn Kenyon's Official myspace (http:/ / www. myspace. com/ officialdarkhunter) Stephen Hawking 243 Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking at NASA, 1980s

Born Stephen William Hawking8 January 1942Oxford, England

Residence England

Nationality British

Fields Applied mathematics

Institutions University of Cambridge California Institute of Technology Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

Alma mater University of Oxford University of Cambridge

Doctoral advisor Dennis Sciama

Other academic advisors Robert Berman

Doctoral students Bruce Allen Raphael Bousso Fay Dowker Malcolm Perry Bernard Carr Gary Gibbons Harvey Reall Don Page Tim Prestidge Raymond Laflamme Julian Luttrell

Known for Black holes Theoretical cosmology Quantum gravity

Influences Dikran Tahta

Notable awards Wolf Prize (1988) Prince of Asturias Award (1989) Copley Medal (2006) Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009)

Spouse Stephen Hawking 244

Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA (born 8 January 1942)[1] is an English theoretical and cosmologist, whose scientific books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts,[2] a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences,[3] and in 2009 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States.[4] Hawking was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge for thirty years, taking up the post in 1979 and retiring on 1 October 2009.[5] [6] He is now Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge. He is also a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and a Distinguished Research Chair at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario.[7] He is known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, especially in the context of black holes. He has also achieved success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general; these include the runaway best seller A Brief History of Time, which stayed on the British Sunday Times bestsellers list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.[8] [9]

Hawking's key scientific works to date have included providing, with Roger Penrose, theorems regarding gravitational singularities in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation, which is today known as Hawking radiation (or sometimes as Bekenstein–Hawking radiation).[10] Hawking has a neuro-muscular dystrophy that is related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a condition that has progressed over the years and has left him almost completely paralysed.

Early life and education Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 to Dr. Frank Hawking, a research , and Isobel Hawking. He had two younger sisters, Philippa and Mary, and an adopted brother, Edward.[11] Though Hawking's parents were living in North London, they moved to Oxford while his mother was pregnant with Stephen, desiring a safer location for the birth of their first child. (London was under attack at the time by the Luftwaffe.)[12] According to Hawking, a German V-2 missile struck only a few streets away.[13] After Hawking was born, the family moved back to London, where his father headed the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research.[11] In 1950, Hawking and his family moved to St Albans, Hertfordshire, where he attended St Albans High School for Girls from 1950 to 1953. (At that time, boys could attend the Girls' school until the age of ten.)[14] From the age of eleven, he attended St Albans School, where he was a good, but not exceptional, student.[11] When asked later to name a teacher who had inspired him, Hawking named his mathematics teacher Dikran Tahta.[15] He maintains his connection with the school, giving his name to one of the four houses and to an extracurricular science lecture series. He has visited it to deliver one of the lectures and has also granted a lengthy interview to pupils working on the school magazine, The Albanian. Hawking was always interested in science.[11] Inspired by his mathematics teacher, he originally wanted to study the subject at university. However, Hawking's father wanted him to apply to University College, Oxford, where his father had attended. As University College did not have a mathematics fellow at that time, it would not accept applications from students who wished to read that discipline. Hawking therefore applied to read natural sciences, in which he gained a scholarship. Once at University College, Hawking specialised in physics.[12] His interests during this time were in thermodynamics, relativity, and . His physics tutor, Robert Berman, later said in The New York Times Magazine: It was only necessary for him to know that something could be done, and he could do it without looking to see how other people did it. [...] He didn't have very many books, and he didn't take notes. Of course, his mind was completely different from all of his contemporaries.[11] Stephen Hawking 245

Hawking was passing, but his unimpressive study habits[16] resulted in a final examination score on the borderline between first and second class honours, making an "oral examination" necessary. Berman said of the oral examination: And of course the examiners then were intelligent enough to realize they were talking to someone far more clever than most of themselves.[11] After receiving his B.A. degree at Oxford in 1962, he stayed to study astronomy. He decided to leave when he found that studying sunspots, which was all the observatory was equipped for, did not appeal to him and that he was more interested in theory than in observation.[11] He left Oxford for Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he engaged in the study of theoretical astronomy and cosmology.

Career in theoretical physics Almost as soon as he arrived at Cambridge, he started developing symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, known colloquially in the United States as Lou Gehrig's disease), a type of motor neurone disease which would cost him almost all neuromuscular control. During his first two years at Cambridge, he did not distinguish himself, but, after the disease had stabilised and with the help of his doctoral tutor, Dennis William Sciama, he returned to working on his Ph.D.[11] Hawking was elected as one of the youngest Fellows of the Royal Society in 1974, was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1982, and became a Companion of Honour in 1989. Hawking is a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. In 1974, he accepted the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar visiting professorship at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to work with his friend, Kip Thorne, who was a faculty member there.[17] He continues to have ties with Caltech, spending a month each year there after 1992.[18] Hawking's achievements were made despite the increasing paralysis caused by the ALS. By 1974, he was unable to feed himself or get out of bed. His speech became slurred so that he could be understood only by people who knew him well. In 1985, he caught pneumonia and had to have a tracheotomy, which made him unable to speak at all. A Cambridge built a device that enables Hawking to write onto a computer with small movements of his body, and then have a voice synthesizer speak what he has typed.[19]

Research fields

Hawking's principal fields of research are theoretical cosmology and quantum gravity. In the late 1960s, he and his Cambridge friend and colleague, Roger Penrose, applied a new, complex mathematical model they had created from Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.[20] This led, in 1970, to Hawking proving the first of many singularity theorems; such theorems provide a set of sufficient conditions for the existence of a gravitational singularity in space-time. This work showed that, far from being mathematical curiosities which appear only in special cases, Hawking in Cambridge singularities are a fairly generic feature of general relativity.[21]

He supplied a mathematical proof, along with Brandon Carter, Werner Israel and D. Robinson, of John Wheeler's no-hair theorem – namely, that any is fully described by the three properties of mass, angular momentum, and electric charge. Hawking also suggested upon analysis of gamma ray emissions that after the , primordial mini black holes were formed. With Bardeen and Carter, he proposed the four laws of black hole mechanics, drawing an analogy with Stephen Hawking 246

thermodynamics. In 1974, he calculated that black holes should thermally create and emit subatomic particles, known today as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation, until they exhaust their energy and evaporate.[22] In collaboration with Jim Hartle, Hawking developed a model in which the universe had no boundary in space-time, replacing the initial singularity of the classical Big Bang models with a region akin to the North Pole: one cannot travel north of the North Pole, as there is no boundary. While originally the no-boundary proposal predicted a closed universe, discussions with Neil Turok led to the realisation that the no-boundary proposal is also consistent with a universe which is not closed. Along with Thomas Hertog at CERN, in 2006 Hawking proposed a theory of "top-down cosmology," which says that the universe had no unique initial state, and therefore it is inappropriate for to attempt to formulate a theory that predicts the universe's current configuration from one particular initial state.[23] Top-down cosmology posits that in some sense, the present "selects" the past from a superposition of many possible histories. In doing so, the theory suggests a possible of the fine-tuning question: It is inevitable that we find our universe's present physical constants, as the current universe "selects" only those past histories that led to the present conditions. In this way, top-down cosmology provides an anthropic explanation for why we find ourselves in a universe that allows matter and life, without invoking an ensemble of multiple universes. Hawking's many other scientific investigations have included the study of quantum cosmology, cosmic inflation, helium production in anisotropic Big Bang universes, large N cosmology, the density matrix of the universe, topology and structure of the universe, baby universes, Yang-Mills instantons and the S matrix, anti de Sitter space, quantum entanglement and entropy, the nature of space and time, including the arrow of time, spacetime foam, string theory, supergravity, Euclidean quantum gravity, the gravitational Hamiltonian, Brans-Dicke and Hoyle-Narlikar theories of gravitation, gravitational radiation, and wormholes. At a George Washington University lecture in honour of NASA's fiftieth anniversary, Hawking theorised on the existence of extraterrestrial life, believing that "primitive life is very common and intelligent life is fairly rare."[24]

Losing an old

Hawking was in the news in July 2004 for presenting a new theory about black holes which goes against his own long-held belief about their behaviour, thus losing a bet he made with Kip Thorne and John Preskill of Caltech. Classically, it can be shown that information crossing the event horizon of a black hole is lost to our universe, and that thus all black holes are identical beyond their mass, electrical charge and angular (the "no hair theorem"). The problem with this theorem is that it implies the black hole will emit the same radiation regardless of what goes into it, and as a consequence that if a U.S. President Barack Obama talks with Stephen Hawking in the Blue Room of the White House pure quantum state is thrown into a black hole, an "ordinary" mixed before a ceremony presenting him and fifteen state will be returned. This runs counter to the rules of quantum others the Presidential Medal of Freedom on 12 mechanics and is known as the black hole information paradox. August 2009. The Medal of Freedom is the nation's highest civilian honour.

Human spaceflight

At the fiftieth anniversary of NASA in 2008, Hawking gave a keynote speech on the final frontier exhorting and inspiring the space technology community on why we (the human race) explore space.[25] At the celebration of his sixty-fifth birthday on 8 January 2007, Hawking announced his plan to take a zero-gravity flight in 2007 to prepare for a sub-orbital spaceflight in 2009 on Virgin Galactic's space service. Billionaire Richard Branson pledged to pay all expenses for the latter, costing an estimated £100,000.[26] Stephen Hawking's zero-gravity flight in a "Vomit Comet" of Zero Gravity Corporation, during which he experienced weightlessness Stephen Hawking 247

eight times, took place on 26 April 2007.[27] He became the first quadriplegic to float in zero-gravity. This was the first time in forty years that he moved freely, without his wheelchair. The fee is normally US$3,750 for 10–15 plunges, but Hawking was not required to pay the fee. A bit of a futurist,[28] Hawking was quoted before the flight saying: Many people have asked me why I am taking this flight. I am doing it for many reasons. First of all, I believe that life on Earth is at an ever-increasing risk of being wiped out by a disaster such as sudden nuclear war, a genetically engineered , or other dangers. I think the human race has no future if it doesn't go into space. I therefore want to encourage public interest in space.[29] In an interview with The Daily Telegraph, he suggested that space was the Earth's long term hope.[30] He continued this theme at a 2008 Charlie Rose interview.[31]

Existence and nature of extraterrestrial life Hawking has indicated that he is almost certain that alien life exists in other parts of the universe and uses a mathematical basis for his assumptions. "To my mathematical brain, the numbers alone make thinking about aliens perfectly rational. The real challenge is to work out what aliens might actually be like." He believes alien life not only certainly exists on planets but perhaps even in other places, like within stars or even floating in outer space. He also warns that a few of these species might be intelligent and threaten Earth. Contact with such species might be devastating for humanity.[32] "If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans," he said. He advocated that, rather than try to establish contact, man should try to avoid contact with alien life forms.[33]

Illness

Stephen Hawking is severely disabled by a motor neurone disease known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Hawking's illness is markedly different from typical ALS in that his form of ALS would make for the most protracted case ever documented. A survival for more than ten years after diagnosis is uncommon for ALS; the longest documented durations are thirty-two and thirty-nine years and these cases were termed benign because of the lack of the typical progressive course.[34]

When he was young, he enjoyed riding horses and playing with other children. At Oxford, he coxed a rowing team, which, he stated, helped relieve his immense boredom at the university. Symptoms of the disorder first appeared while he was enrolled at University of Cambridge; he lost his balance and fell down a flight of stairs, hitting his head. Worried that he would lose his genius, he took the Mensa test to verify that his intellectual abilities were intact.[35] The diagnosis of motor neurone disease came when Hawking was 21, shortly before his first marriage, and doctors said he would not survive more than two or three years. Hawking gradually lost the use of his arms, legs, and Hawking on 5 May 2006, during the press voice, and as of 2009 has been almost completely paralysed. conference at the Bibliothèque nationale de France to inaugurate the Laboratory of During a visit to the research centre CERN in Geneva in 1985, Astronomy and Particles in Paris and the French release of his work Hawking contracted pneumonia, which in his condition was Stephen Hawking 248

life-threatening as it further restricted his already limited respiratory capacity. He had an emergency tracheotomy, and as a result lost what remained of his ability to speak. He has since used an electronic voice synthesizer to communicate. The DECtalk DTC01 voice synthesizer he uses, which has an American English accent, is no longer being produced. Asked why he has still kept it after so many years, Hawking mentioned that he has not heard a voice he likes better and that he identifies with it. Hawking is said to be looking for a replacement since, aside from being obsolete, the synthesizer is both large and fragile by current standards. As of mid 2009, he was said to be using NeoSpeech's VoiceText speech synthesizer.[36] In Hawking's many media appearances, he appears to speak fluently through his synthesizer, but in reality, it is a tedious drawn-out process. Hawking's setup uses a predictive text entry system, which requires only the first few characters in order to auto-complete the word, but as he is only able to use his cheek for data entry, constructing complete sentences takes time. His speeches are prepared in advance, but having a live conversation with him provides insight as to the complexity and work involved. During a TED Conference talk, it took him seven minutes to answer a question.[37] He describes himself as lucky despite his disease. Its slow progression has allowed him time to make influential discoveries and has not hindered him from having, in his own words, "a very attractive family."[38] When his wife, Jane, was asked why she decided to marry a man with a three-year life expectancy, she responded, "Those were the days of atomic gloom and doom, so we all had a rather short life expectancy." On 20 April 2009, Cambridge University released a statement saying that Hawking was "very ill" with a chest infection, and was admitted to Addenbrooke's Hospital.[39] [40] The following day, it was reported that his new condition is "comfortable" and he should make a full recovery from the infection.[41]

As popular science advocate Hawking has played himself on numerous television shows and has been portrayed in many more. He has played himself on a Red Dwarf anniversary special, played a hologram of himself on the episode "Descent" of Star Trek: The Next Generation, appeared in a skit on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, and appeared on the Discovery Channel special Alien Planet.[42] He has also played himself in several episodes of The Simpsons and , and has had an action figure made of his Simpsons likeness. When he was portrayed on episodes of Family Guy, the voice was actually done by a speech synthesizer on a Macintosh computer, according to DVD commentary. In The Fairly OddParents, it is mentioned that he was Denzel Croker's college roommate. He has also appeared in an episode of the Dilbert cartoon. His actual synthesizer voice was used on parts of the Pink Floyd song "Keep Talking" from the 1994 album The Division Bell, as well as on Turbonegro's "Intro: The Party Zone" on their 2005 album Party Animals, Wolfsheim's "Kein Zurück (Oliver Pinelli Mix)". As well as being fictionalised as nerdcore hip hop artist MC Hawking, he was impersonated in duet with Richard Cheese on a cover of "The Girl Is Mine". In 2008, Hawking was the subject of and featured in the documentary series Stephen Hawking, Master of the Universe for Channel 4. He was also portrayed in the movie Superhero Movie by Robert Joy. In the TV series Dark Angel Logan's technology savvy colleague Sebastian is characterised with many similarities to the actual physicist. In September 2008, Hawking presided over the unveiling of the 'Chronophage' (time-eating) Corpus Clock at Corpus Christi College Cambridge.[43] Stephen Hawking 249

Recognition

Acclaim On 19 December 2007, a statue of Hawking by renowned late artist Ian Walters was unveiled at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, University of Cambridge.[44] In May 2008, the statue of Hawking was unveiled at the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cape Town. The Stephen W. Hawking Science Museum in San Salvador, El Salvador is named in honour of Stephen Hawking, citing his scientific distinction and perseverance in dealing with adversity.[45] Stephen Hawking Building in Cambridge opened on 17 April 2007. The building belongs to Gonville and Caius College and is used as an undergraduate accommodation and conference facility.[46]

Distinctions Hawking's belief that the lay person should have access to his work led him to write a series of popular science books in addition to his academic work. The first of these, A Brief History of Time, was published on 1 April 1988 by Hawking, his family and friends, and some leading physicists. It surprisingly became a best-seller and was followed by The Universe in a Nutshell (2001). Both books have remained highly popular all over the world. A collection of essays titled Black Holes and Baby Universes (1993) was also popular. His book, A Briefer History of Time (2005), co-written by Leonard Mlodinow, aims to update his earlier works and make them accessible to an even wider audience. He and his daughter, , have recently published a children's book focusing on science that has been described to be "like Harry Potter, but without the magic." This book is called George's Secret Key to the Universe and includes information on Hawking radiation. Hawking is also known for his wit; he is famous for his oft-made statement, "When I hear of Schrödinger's cat, I reach for my pistol." This was a deliberately ironic paraphrase of "Whenever I hear the word culture... I release the safety-catch of my Browning", from the play Schlageter (Act 1, Scene 1) by German playwright and Nazi Poet Laureate Hanns Johst. His wit has both entertained the non-specialist public and helped them to understand complex questions. Asked in October 2005 on the British daytime chat show Richard & Judy, to explain his assertion that the question "What came before the Big Bang?" was meaningless, he compared it to asking "What lies north of the North Pole?" Hawking has generally avoided talking about politics at length, but he has appeared on a political broadcast for the United Kingdom's Labour Party. He supports the children's charity SOS Children's Villages UK.[47]

Awards and honours • 1975 Eddington Medal • 1976 Hughes Medal of the Royal Society • 1979 Albert Einstein Medal • 1981 Franklin Medal • 1982 Order of the British Empire (Commander) • 1985 Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society • 1986 Member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences • 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics • 1989 Prince of Asturias Awards in Concord • 1989 Companion of Honour • 1999 Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society[48] • 2003 Michelson Morley Award of Case Western Reserve University • 2006 Copley Medal of the Royal Society[49] • 2008 Fonseca Price of the University of Santiago de Compostela[50] • 2009 Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour in the United States[4] Stephen Hawking 250

Personal life Hawking revealed that he did not see much point in obtaining a doctorate if he were to die soon. Hawking later said that the real turning point was his 1965 marriage to Jane Wilde, a language student.[11] After gaining his Ph.D. at Trinity Hall, Stephen became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. Jane Hawking (née Wilde), Hawking's first wife, cared for him until 1991 when the couple separated, reportedly because of the pressures of fame and his increasing disability. They had three children: Robert (b. 1967), Lucy (b. 1969), and Timothy (b. 1979). Hawking then married his nurse, Elaine Mason (who was previously married to David Mason, the designer of the first version of Hawking's talking computer), in 1995. In October 2006, Hawking filed for divorce from his second wife[51] amid claims by former nurses that she had abused him.[52] In 1999, Jane Hawking published a memoir, Music to Move the Stars, detailing her own long-term relationship with a family friend whom she later married. Hawking's daughter, Lucy, is a novelist. Their oldest son, Robert, emigrated to the United States, married, and has one child, George Edward Hawking. Reportedly, Hawking and his first family were reconciled in 2007.[53] Hawking was asked about his IQ in a 2004 newspaper interview, and replied, "I have no idea. People who boast about their I.Q. are losers."[54]

Religious views In his early work, Hawking spoke of "God" in a metaphorical sense, such as in A Brief History of Time: "If we discover a complete theory, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason — for then we should know the mind of God." In the same book he suggested the existence of God was unnecessary to explain the origin of the universe.[55] His 2010 book and interviews with the Telegraph and the Channel 4 documentary , clarify that he does "not believe in a personal God".[56] Hawking writes, "The question is: is the way the universe began chosen by God for reasons we can't understand, or was it determined by a law of science? I believe the second." He adds, "Because there is a law such as gravity, the Universe can and will create itself from nothing."[57] [58] His ex-wife, Jane said during their divorce proceedings that he was an atheist.[59] [60] Hawking has stated that he is "not religious in the normal sense" and he believes that "the universe is governed by the laws of science. The laws may have been decreed by God, but God does not intervene to break the laws."[61] Hawking compared religion and science in 2010, saying: "There is a fundamental difference between religion, which is based on authority [imposed dogma, faith], [as opposed to] science, which is based on observation and reason. Science will win because it works."[62]

Selected publications

Technical • Singularities in Collapsing Stars and Expanding Universes with Dennis William Sciama, 1969 Comments on Astrophysics and Space Physics Vol 1 #1 • The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with George Ellis, 1973 ISBN 0521099064 • The Nature of Space and Time with Roger Penrose, foreword by Michael Atiyah, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-691-05084-8 • The Large, the Small, and the Human Mind, (with Abner Shimony, Nancy Cartwright, and Roger Penrose), Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-521-56330-5 (hardback), ISBN 0-521-65538-2 (paperback), Canto edition: ISBN 0-521-78572-3 • Information Loss in Black Holes [63], Cambridge University Press, 2005 Stephen Hawking 251

• God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs That Changed History, Running Press, 2005 ISBN 0762419229

Popular • A Brief History of Time, (Bantam Press 1988) ISBN 055305340X • Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays, (Bantam Books 1993) ISBN 0553374117 • The Universe in a Nutshell, (Bantam Press 2001) ISBN 055380202X • On The Shoulders of Giants. The Great Works of Physics and Astronomy, (Running Press 2002) ISBN 076241698X • A Briefer History of Time, coauthored with Leonard Mlodinow, (Bantam Books 2005) ISBN 0553804367 • The Grand Design, coauthored with Leonard Mlodinow, (Bantam Press 2010) ISBN 0553805371 Footnote: On Hawking's website [64], he denounces the unauthorised publication of The Theory of Everything and asks consumers to be aware that he was not involved in its creation.

Children's fiction These are co-written with his daughter Lucy. • George's Secret Key to the Universe, (Random House, 2007) ISBN 9780385612708 • George's Cosmic Treasure Hunt, (Simon & Schuster, 2009) ISBN 9781416986713

Films and series • A Brief History of Time (1991) • Stephen Hawking's Universe (1997) • Horizon: The Hawking Paradox[65] (2005) • Masters of Science Fiction (2007) • Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe [66] (2008) • Into The Universe with Stephen Hawking[67] (2010) A list of Hawking's publications through the year 2002 is available on his website [64].

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[38] "My experience with ALS" (http:/ / www. wattpad. com/ 100128-my-experience-with-als-stephen-hawking). Wattpad. . Retrieved 21 December 2009.

[39] Booth, Robert. Stephen Hawking 'very ill' in hospital (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ uk/ 2009/ apr/ 20/ stephen-hawking-ill-hospital), The Guardian, 20 April 2009.

[40] "Scientist Hawking 'very ill'" (http:/ / www. cnn. com/ 2009/ TECH/ science/ 04/ 20/ hawking. health/ index. html). CNN. 21 April 2009. . Retrieved 22 May 2009. Stephen Hawking 253

[41] Sample, Ian and Booth, Robert (21 April 2009). "Stephen Hawking expected to make full recovery | Science | guardian.co.uk" (http:/ / www.

guardian. co. uk/ science/ 2009/ apr/ 21/ hawking-stephen-hospital). Guardian (London). . Retrieved 22 May 2009.

[42] "Stephen Hawking" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0370071/ ). Internet Movie Database. . Retrieved 19 May 2008.

[43] "News from Cambridge UK" (http:/ / www. cambridgenetwork. co. uk/ news/ article/ default. aspx?objid=51566). Cambridgenetwork.co.uk. 22 September 2008. . Retrieved 22 May 2009.

[44] "Vice-Chancellor unveils Hawking statue" (http:/ / www. admin. cam. ac. uk/ news/ dp/ 2007122111). University of Cambridge. 21 December 2007. . Retrieved 19 May 2008. [45] Komar, Oliver; Linda Buechner (October 2000). "The Stephen W. Hawking Science Museum in San Salvador Central America Honours the

Fortitude of a Great Living Scientist" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20090730162105/ http:/ / geocities. com/ CapeCanaveral/ Hall/ 5046/

article. html). Journal of College Science Teaching XXX (2). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. geocities. com/ CapeCanaveral/ Hall/

5046/ article. html) on 2009-07-30. . Retrieved 28 September 2008. [46] The Stephen Hawking Building: HRH Prince Philip, The Duke of Edinburgh, visits Cambridge for the official opening of a stunning student

accommodation and conference venue, the Stephen Hawking Building (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ cambridgeshire/ content/ articles/ 2007/ 04/

18/ hawking_building_feature. shtml) 18 April 2007

[47] "Our Friends" (http:/ / www. soschildrensvillages. org. uk/ sos-children-charity/ our-friends. htm). SOS Children's Villages. . Retrieved 6 May 2006.

[48] "Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize" (http:/ / www. aps. org/ programs/ honors/ prizes/ lilienfeld. cfm). American Physical Society. . Retrieved 29 August 2008.

[49] "Oldest, space-travelled, science prize awarded to Hawking" (http:/ / www. royalsoc. ac. uk/ news. asp?year=& id=5066). The Royal Society. 24 August 2006. . Retrieved 29 August 2008.

[50] "Fonseca Prize 2008" (http:/ / www. usc. es/ en/ cursos/ conciencia/ premio_fonseca2008. html). University of Santiago de Compostela. . Retrieved 7 August 2009.

[51] Sapsted, David (9 January 2007). "Hawking and second wife agree to divorce" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ news/ main. jhtml?xml=/

news/ 2006/ 10/ 20/ nhawking20. xml). The Daily Telegraph (London). . Retrieved 18 March 2007.

[52] "Hawking's nurse reveals why she is not surprised his marriage is over" (http:/ / www. dailymail. co. uk/ news/ article-411781/

Hawkings-nurse-reveals-surprised-marriage-over. html). The Daily Mail (London). .

[53] "Welcome back to the family, Stephen" (http:/ / www. thesundaytimes. co. uk/ sto/ news/ uk_news/ article64109. ece). The Times (London). 6 May 2007. . Retrieved 6 May 2007.

[54] Solomon, Deborah (12 December 2004). "The Science of Second-Guessing: Questions for Stephen Hawking" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/

2004/ 12/ 12/ magazine/ 12QUESTIONS. html). New York Times. . [55] "Though A Brief History of Time brings in God as a useful metaphor, Hawking is an atheist" Anthony Burgess, 'Towards a Theory of Everything', The Observer, 29 December 1991, p. 42

[56] Professor Stephen Hawking quotes on God and Religion (http:/ / www. age-of-the-sage. org/ scientist/ stephen_hawking_god_religion. html), Age of the Sage, Retrieved September 13, 2010

[57] Stephen Hawking: God was not needed to create the Universe (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ science/ science-news/ 7976594/

Stephen-Hawking-God-was-not-needed-to-create-the-Universe. html), Laura Roberts. The Telegraph. September 2, 2010. Retrieved September 3, 2010

[58] Has Stephen Hawking ended the God debate? (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ news/ newstopics/ religion/ 7979211/

Has-Stephen-Hawking-ended-the-God-debate. html), Graham Farmello. The Telegraph. September 3, 2010. Retrieved September 13, 2010 [59] "Then, in 1999, his former wife published Music To Move The Stars: My Life with Stephen, in which she claimed (...) her Christian faith clashed with his steadfast atheism; (...) The last line in A Brief History Of Time is famous for saying that, if we could tie together the equations describing the universe, we would "know the mind of God." But his former wife claims, "He is an atheist. So why is the deity making an appearance? The obvious answer is that it helps sell books." Charles Arthur, 'The Crazy World of Stephen Hawking', The Independent (London), 12 October 2001, Features, p. 7. [60] "Jane took much of her dramatic hope at the time from her faith, and still sees something of the irony in the fact that her Christianity gave her the strength to support her husband, the most profound atheist. 'Stephen, I hope, had belief in me that I could make everything possible for him, but he did not share my religious - or spiritual - faith.' " Tim Adams, 'A Brief History of a First Wife', The Observer, 4 April 2004, Review Pages, p. 4.

[61] "Pope sees physicist Hawking at evolution gathering | Science" (http:/ / www. reuters. com/ article/ scienceNews/

idUSTRE49U6E220081031?feedType=RSS& feedName=scienceNews). Reuters. 31 October 2008. . Retrieved 22 May 2009.

[62] Heussner, Ki Mae (7 June 2010). "Stephen Hawking on Religion: 'Science Will Win'" (http:/ / abcnews. go. com/ WN/ Technology/

stephen-hawking-religion-science-win/ story?id=10830164). ABC News. . Retrieved 9 June 2010.

[63] http:/ / arxiv. org/ abs/ hep-th/ 0507171

[64] http:/ / www. hawking. org. uk/

[65] "The Hawking Paradox" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0819995/ ). Internet Movie Database. 2005. . Retrieved 29 August 2008.

[66] http:/ / www. cambridgenetwork. co. uk/ news/ article/ ?objid=44768

[67] "Into the Universe, with Stephen Hawking" (http:/ / dsc. discovery. com/ tv/ stephen-hawking/ about/ about. html). Discovery Channel. 2010. . Retrieved 25 April 2010. Stephen Hawking 254

Further reading • Boslough, John (1985). Stephen Hawking's Universe. New York: Avon Books. ISBN 0-380-70763-2. A layman's guide to Stephen Hawking. • Ferguson, Kitty (1991). Stephen Hawking: Quest For A Theory of Everything. Franklin Watts. ISBN 0-553-29895-X. • Hawking, S. W. & Ellis, G. F. R. (1973). The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-09906-4.. Highly influential in the field. • Hawking, S. W. & Israel, W. (1979). General relativity: an Einstein centenary survey. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22285-0.. A much cited centennial survey. • Misner, Charles; Thorne, Kip S. & Wheeler, John Archibald (1995). Stephen Hawking A Biography. San Francisco: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313323928.

• Morris, Errol. (1991). A Brief History of Time (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0103882/ ). [Documentary]. Triton Pictures. • Pickover, Clifford, Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them, Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0195336115

External links

• Stephen Hawking's web site (http:/ / www. hawking. org. uk/ )

• Stephen Hawking's page on Academia.edu (http:/ / cambridge. academia. edu/ StephenHawking/ )

• Stephen Hawking (http:/ / genealogy. math. ndsu. nodak. edu/ id. php?id=78459) at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stephen Hawking" (http:/ / www-history. mcs. st-andrews. ac. uk/

Biographies/ Hawking. html), MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.

• TED profile (http:/ / www. ted. com/ speakers/ stephen_hawking. html) Talks: 2008: Stephen Hawking asks big questions about the universe

• Video: Stephen Hawking – discussion of two views of the universe (http:/ / www. maniacworld. com/

Stephen-Hawking. htm)

• Videos: Stephen Hawking's concept of God (http:/ / www. counterbalance. net/ intro/ cosmohaw-frame. html),

The role of God within the no boundary cosmology and Imaginary time (http:/ / www. counterbalance. net/ intro/

cosmotime-frame. html)

• Stephen Hawking (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0370071/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• The Life of Stephen Hawking (http:/ / www. thefirstpost. co. uk/ 47070,in-pictures,news-in-pictures,in-pictures-the-life-of-stephen-hawking) - slideshow by The First Post Dated

• Stephen Hawking says universe not created by God (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ science/ 2010/ sep/ 02/ stephen-hawking-big-bang-creator)

• Public Lectures (http:/ / www. hawking. org. uk/ index. php/ lectures/ 59), including debate with Roger Penrose 1996-2006

• Hawking celebrates own brief history (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ hi/ english/ sci/ tech/ newsid_1746000/ 1746912. stm), 7 January 2002, BBC

• "Leaping the Abyss" (http:/ / reason. com/ archives/ 2002/ 04/ 01/ leaping-the-abyss), interview in Reason by 2002-04-01

• An audio interview with Stephen Hawking (http:/ / www. hour25online. com/ Hour25_Previous_Shows_2002-03. html#brian-marsden_2002-03-24) (MP3 format) from Hour 25 2002-03-24

• Black holes turned "inside out", 22 July 2004, BBC (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ sci/ tech/ 3913145. stm) Stephen Hawking 255

• Return of the time lord (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ science/ story/ 0,3605,1579180,00. html), Interview about "A Brief History of Time", 27 September 2005, The Guardian. • Stephen Hawking touches on God and science – Physicist says Pope John Paul told scientists not to study

universe's origins (http:/ / www. msnbc. msn. com/ id/ 13340672/ ) msnbc. com 15 June 2006 • Transcript of Stephen Hawking's lecture "The Origin Of The Universe" in the Hebrew University In Jerusalem

(http:/ / www. hayadan. org. il/ wp/ english/ hawking_in_israel_2006. html), 14 December 2006

• Press Release from the Catholic League on misquote of Pope by Hawking (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/

20060720200605/ http:/ / www. catholicleague. org/ 06press_releases/ quarter+ 2/ 060616_Hawking. htm) 2006-06-16

• BBC interview (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ blogs/ theoneshow/ onepassions/ 2008/ 12/

what-has-hawking-done-for-scie. html) 2008-12-05 Terry Pratchett 256 Terry Pratchett

Sir Terry Pratchett

Pratchett speaking about dementia in 2009

[1] [2] Born Terence David John Pratchett28 April 1948Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, England, UK

Occupation Novelist

Nationality British

Genres Comic fantasy

Notable work(s) Discworld Good Omens

[3]

Sir Terence David John "Terry" Pratchett, OBE (born 28 April 1948)[4] is an English[5] novelist, known for his frequently comical work in the fantasy genre. He is best-known for his popular and long-running Discworld series of comic fantasy novels. Pratchett's first novel, The Carpet People, was published in 1971, and since his first Discworld novel (The Colour of Magic) was published in 1983, he has written two books a year on average. Pratchett was the UK's best-selling author of the 1990s,[6] [7] and as of August 2010 had sold over 65 million books worldwide in thirty-seven languages.[8] He is currently the second most-read writer in the UK, and seventh most-read non-US author in the US.[9] Pratchett was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) "for services to literature" in 1998.[10] In addition, he was knighted in the 2009 New Year Honours.[11] [12] In 2001 he won the Carnegie Medal for his young adult novel The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents.[13] In December 2007, Pratchett publicly announced that he was suffering from early-onset Alzheimer's disease, subsequently making a substantial public donation to the Alzheimer's Research Trust,[14] and filming a programme chronicling his experiences with the disease for the BBC.[15] Terry Pratchett 257

Background

Early life Pratchett was born in 1948 in Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire, England, the only child of David and Eileen Pratchett, of Hay-on-Wye. His family moved to Bridgwater, Somerset briefly in 1957, following which he passed his eleven plus exam in 1959, earning him a place in John Hampden Grammar School.[16] Pratchett described himself as a "non-descript student", and in his Who's Who entry, credits his education to the Beaconsfield Public Library.[17] His early interests included astronomy;[18] he collected Brooke Bond tea cards about space, owned a telescope[19] and desired to be an astronomer, but lacked the necessary mathematical skills.[18] However, this led to an interest in reading British and American science fiction.[19] In turn, this led to attending science fiction conventions from about 1963/4, which stopped when he got his first job a few years later.[19] His early reading included the works of H. G. Wells and Arthur Conan Doyle and "every book you really ought to read" which he now regards as "getting an education".[20] At age 13, Pratchett published his first short story "The Hades Business" in the school magazine. It was published commercially when he was 15.[21] Pratchett earned 5 O-levels and started A-level courses in Art, English and History. Pratchett's first career choice was journalism and he left school at 17 in 1965 to start working for the Bucks Free Press where he wrote, amongst other things, several stories for the Children's Circle section under the name Uncle Jim. One of these episodic stories contains named characters from The Carpet People. These stories are currently part of a project by the Bucks Free Press to make them available online.[22] While on day release he finished his A-Level in English and took a proficiency course for journalists.[23]

Early career Pratchett had his first breakthrough in 1968, when working as a journalist. He came to interview Peter Bander van Duren, co-director of a small publishing company. During the meeting, Pratchett mentioned he had written a manuscript, The Carpet People.[24] Bander van Duren and his business partner, Colin Smythe (of Colin Smythe Ltd Publishers) published the book in 1971, with illustrations by Pratchett himself.[23] The book received strong, if few reviews.[23] The book was followed by the science fiction novels The Dark Side of , published in 1976, and Strata, published in 1981.[23] After various positions in journalism, in 1980 Pratchett became Press Officer for the Central Electricity Generating Board in an area which covered three nuclear power stations. He later joked that he had demonstrated "impeccable timing" by making this career change so soon after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in Pennsylvania, U.S., and said he would "write a book about his experiences, if he thought anyone would believe it".[25] The first Discworld novel The Colour of Magic was published in 1983 by Colin Smythe in hardback. The publishing rights for paperback were soon taken by Corgi, an imprint of Transworld, the current publisher. Pratchett received further popularity after the BBC's Woman's Hour broadcast The Colour of Magic as a serial in six parts, after it was published by Corgi in 1985 and later Equal Rites. Subsequently, rights for hardback were taken by the publishing house Victor Gollancz, which remained Pratchett's publisher until 1997, and Smythe became Pratchett's agent. Pratchett was the first fantasy author published by Gollancz.[23] Pratchett gave up working for the CEGB in 1987 after finishing the fourth Discworld novel, Mort, to focus fully on and make his living through writing. His sales increased quickly and many of his books occupied top places on the best-seller list. According to The Times, Pratchett was the top selling and highest earning UK author in 1996.[23] Some of his books have been published by Doubleday, another Transworld imprint. In the US, Pratchett is published by HarperCollins. Terry Pratchett 258

According to the Bookseller's Pocket Yearbook from 2005, in 2003 Pratchett's UK sales amounted to 3.4% of the fiction market by hardback sales and 3.8% by value, putting him in 2nd place behind J. K. Rowling (6% and 5.6% respectively), while in the paperback sales list Pratchett came 5th with 1.2% by sales and 1.3% by value (behind James Patterson (1.9% and 1.7%), Alexander McCall Smith, John Grisham and J. R. R. Tolkien).[26] His sales in the UK alone are more than 2.5 million copies a year.[9]

Current life Terry Pratchett married his wife Lyn in 1968,[23] and they moved to Rowberrow, Somerset in 1970. Their daughter Rhianna Pratchett, who is also a writer, was born there in 1976. In 1993 the family moved to a village north west of Salisbury, Wiltshire, where they currently live. He lists his recreations as "writing, walking, , life". [27] He describes himself as a humanist and is a Distinguished Supporter of the British Humanist Association[28] and an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society.[29] Pratchett is well known for his penchant for wearing large, black fedora hats,[30] as seen on the inside back covers of most of his books. His style has been described as "more that of urban cowboy than city gent."[31] Concern for the future of civilisation has prompted him to install five kilowatts of photovoltaic cells (for solar energy) at his house.[32] In addition, his interest in astronomy since childhood has led him to build an observatory in his garden.[18] [19] On 31 December 2008 it was announced that Pratchett was to be knighted (as a Knight Bachelor) in the Queen's 2009 New Year Honours.[11] [33] He formally received the accolade at Buckingham Palace on 18 February 2009.[34] Afterwards he said, "You can't ask a fantasy writer not to want a knighthood. You know, for two pins I'd get myself a horse and a sword."[35] In late 2009, he did make himself a sword, with the help of his friends. He told a Times Higher Education interviewer that "'At the end of last year I made my own sword. I dug out the iron ore from a field about 10 miles away - I was helped by interested friends. We lugged 80 kilos of iron ore, used clay from the garden and straw to make a kiln, and lit the kiln with wildfire by making it with a bow.' Colin Smythe, his long-term friend and agent, donated some pieces of meteoric iron - 'thunderbolt iron has a special place in magic and we put that in the smelt, and I remember when we sawed the iron apart it looked like silver. Everything about it I touched, handled and so forth ... And everything was as it should have been, it seemed to me.'"[36] On 15 September 2010, Pratchett along with 54 other public figures signed an open letter, published in The Guardian newspaper, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI being accorded "the honour of a state visit" to the UK, arguing that he has led and condoned global abuses of human rights. The letter says "The state of which the pope is head has also resisted signing many major human rights treaties and has formed its own treaties ("concordats") with many states which negatively affect the human rights of citizens of those states". Co-signees included Stephen Fry, , Philip Pullman, Jonathan Miller and Ken Follet.[37]

Alzheimer's disease In August 2007, Pratchett was misdiagnosed as having had a minor stroke in 2004 or 2005, which was believed to have damaged the right side of his brain. While his motor skills had been affected, the observed damage had not impaired his ability to write.[31] On 11 December 2007, Pratchett posted online that he had been newly diagnosed with a very rare form of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, which he said "lay behind this year's phantom 'stroke'." He has a rare form of the disease called posterior cortical atrophy, in which areas at the back of the brain begin to shrink and shrivel.[14] Pratchett appealed to people to "keep things cheerful", and proclaimed that "we are taking it fairly philosophically down here and possibly with a mild optimism."[38] Leading the way, Pratchett stated that he feels he has time for "at least a few more books yet", and added that while he understands the impulse to ask 'is there anything I can do?', in this particular case he will only entertain such offers from "very high-end experts in brain chemistry."[38] Discussing his diagnosis at the Bath Literature Festival, Pratchett revealed that he now found it too difficult to write dedications when signing books.[39] Terry Pratchett 259

In March 2008, Pratchett announced he was donating US$1,000,000 (about £494,000 at the time) to the Alzheimer's Research Trust, saying that he had spoken to at least three brain tumour (cancer) survivors yet he had spoken to no survivors of Alzheimer's disease, and that he was shocked "to find out that funding for Alzheimer's research is just 3% of that to find cancer cures."[14] [40] [41] Of his donation Pratchett said: "I am, along with many others, scrabbling to stay ahead long enough to be there when the Cure comes along."[42] Pratchett's donation inspired an internet campaign where fans hope to "Match it for Pratchett", by raising another $1,000,000.[43]

In April 2008, the BBC began working with Pratchett to make a two-part documentary series based on his illness.[44] The first part of Terry Pratchett: Living With Alzheimer's was broadcast on BBC Two on 4 February 2009, drawing 2.6m viewers and a 10.4% audience share.[45] The second, broadcast on 11 February 2009, drew 1.72m viewers and a 6.8% audience share.[46] He also made

an appearance on The One Show on 15 May 2008, talking about Terry Pratchett at Worldcon 2005 in Glasgow, August his condition. He was the subject and interviewee of the 20 May 2005 2008 edition of On the Ropes (Radio 4), discussing Alzheimer's and how it had affected his life.

On 8 June 2008, news reports indicated that Pratchett had an experience, which he described as: "It is just possible that once you have got past all the gods that we have created with big beards and many human traits, just beyond all that, on the other side of physics, there just may be the ordered structure from which everything flows" and "I don't actually believe in anyone who could have put that in my head".[47] [48] He went into further detail on Front Row, in which he was asked if this was a shift in his beliefs: "A shift in me in the sense I heard my father talk to me when I was in the garden one day. But I'm absolutely certain that what I heard was my memories of my father. An , or something in my head...This is not about God, but somewhere around there is where gods come from."[49]

On 26 November 2008, Pratchett met the Prime Minister Gordon Brown and asked for an increase in dementia research funding.[50] Since August 2008 Pratchett has been testing a prototype device to address his condition. Despite some improvements in his condition,[51] the ability of the device to alter the course of the illness has been met with scepticism.[52] In an article published mid 2009, Pratchett stated that he wishes to commit 'assisted suicide' (although he dislikes that term) before his disease progresses to a critical point.[53] Pratchett was selected to give the 2010 BBC Richard Dimbleby Lecture,[54] entitled Shaking Hands With Death, which was broadcast on 1 February 2010.[55] Pratchett introduced his lecture on the topic of assisted death, but the main text was read by his friend Tony Robinson because of difficulties Pratchett has with reading – a result of his condition.[56] [57] [58] Due to his condition, Pratchett currently writes either by dictating to his assistant, Rob Wilkins, or by using speech recognition software.[59] Terry Pratchett 260

Interests

Computers and the Internet Pratchett started to use computers for writing as soon as they were available to him. His first computer was a Sinclair ZX81, the first computer he properly used for writing was an Amstrad CPC 464, later replaced by a PC. Pratchett was one of the first authors to routinely use the Internet to communicate with fans, and has been a contributor to the Usenet newsgroup alt.fan.pratchett since 1992.[60] However, he does not consider the Internet a hobby, just another "thing to use".[25] He now has many computers in his house.[25] When he travels, he always takes a portable computer with him to write.[25] His experiments with computer upgrades are reflected in Hex.[61] Pratchett is also an avid computer game player, and he has collaborated in the creation of a number of game adaptations of his books. He favours games that are "intelligent and have some depth", and has used Half-Life 2 and fan missions from Thief as examples.[62]

Natural history Pratchett has a fascination with natural history that he has referred to many times. Pratchett owns a greenhouse full of carnivorous plants.[63] In 1995 a fossil sea-turtle from the Eocene epoch of New Zealand was named in honour of him Psephophorus terrypratchetti by the palaeontologist R. Köhler.[64]

Orangutans Pratchett is a trustee for the Orangutan Foundation UK[65] but is pessimistic about the animal's future.[32] Following Pratchett's lead, fan events such as the Discworld Conventions have adopted the Orangutan Foundation as their nominated charity, which has been acknowledged by the foundation.[66] One of Pratchett's most popular fictional characters, the Librarian of the Unseen University's Library, is an orangutan.

Amateur astronomy Pratchett has an observatory in his back garden and is a keen astronomer. He has been on the BBC programme The Sky at Night.[67]

Writing career

Awards Terry Pratchett 261

Pratchett received a knighthood for "services to literature" in the 2009 UK New Year Honours list.[11] [68] He was previously appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire, also for "services to literature", in 1998. Following this, Pratchett commented in the Ansible SF/fan newsletter, "I suspect the 'services to literature' consisted of refraining from trying to write any" (suggesting the title was more a recognition of success, than an acknowledgement of the fantasy genre). But then added, "Still, I cannot help feeling mightily chuffed about it."[69]

Pratchett was the British Book Awards' 'Fantasy and Science Fiction Author of the Year' for 1994.[70] Pratchett won the British Science Fiction Award in 1989 for his novel, Pyramids,[71] and a Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 2008 for Making Money.[72] Pratchett has been awarded eight honorary Doctorates; University of Warwick in Terry Pratchett receiving honorary degree at Trinity College Dublin in 1999,[73] the University of Portsmouth in 2001,[74] the University of Bath in 2008 2003,[75] the University of Bristol in 2004,[76] Buckinghamshire New University in 2008,[77] Trinity College Dublin in 2008,[78] Bradford University in 2009,[79] and the University of Winchester in 2009.[80] The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents won the 2001 Carnegie Medal for best children's novel (awarded in 2002).[81] Night Watch won the 2003 Prometheus Award for best libertarian novel.[82] In 2003 Pratchett joined Charles Dickens as the two authors with five books in the BBC's Big Read 'Top 100' (four of which were Discworld novels). Pratchett was also the author with the most novels in the 'Top 200' (fifteen).[83] The three Discworld novels that centred on the character Tiffany Aching 'trainee witch' have each received the Locus Award for Best Young Adult Book (in 2004, 2005 and 2007).[84] Pratchett was the recipient of NESFA's Skylark Award in 2009.[85] He is the 2011 recipient of the Margaret A. Edwards Award from the ALA, recognizing a significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature.[86] He was made an adjunct Professor in the School of English at Trinity College Dublin in 2010, with a role in postgraduate education in creative writing and popular literature.[87]

Fandom Pratchett's Discworld novels have led to dedicated conventions, the first in Manchester in 1996,[88] then worldwide,[89] often with the author as guest of honour.[90] Publication of a new novel may also be accompanied by an international book signing tour;[91] queues have been known to stretch outside the bookshop and the author has continued to sign books well after the intended finishing time.[88] His fans are not restricted by age or gender, and he receives a large amount of fan mail from them.[88] Pratchett enjoys meeting fans and hearing what they think about his books; he says that since he is well paid for his novels, his fans "are everything to me."[92] Terry Pratchett 262

Writing Pratchett has said that to write, you must read extensively, both inside and outside your chosen genre[93] and to the point of "overflow".[25] He advises that writing is hard work, and that writers must "make grammar, punctuation and spelling a part of your life."[25] However, Pratchett enjoys writing, regarding its monetary rewards as "an unavoidable consequence", rather than the reason for writing.[94]

The fantasy genre Although in the past he has written in the sci-fi and horror genres, Pratchett now focuses almost entirely on fantasy, explaining "it is easier to bend the universe around the story".[95] In the acceptance speech for his Carnegie Medal he said: 'Fantasy isn't just about wizards and silly wands. It's about seeing the world from new directions', pointing to J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels and J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. In the same speech, he also acknowledged benefits of these works for the genre.[96] He "believes he owes a debt to the science fiction/fantasy genre which he grew up out of" and dislikes the term "magical realism" which is "like a polite way of saying you write fantasy and is more acceptable to certain people ... who, on the whole, do not care that much."[97] He is annoyed that fantasy is "unregarded as a literary form" because it "is the oldest form of fiction"[92] and he is "infuriated" when novels containing science fiction or fantasy ideas are not regarded as part of those genres.[93] On 31 July 2005, Pratchett criticised media coverage of Harry Potter author J. K. Rowling, commenting that certain members of the media seemed to think that "the continued elevation of J. K. Rowling can only be achieved at the expense of other writers".[98] Pratchett has denied claims that this was a swipe at Rowling, and said that he was not making claims of plagiarism, but was pointing out the "shared heritage" of the fantasy genre.[99] Pratchett has also posted on the Harry Potter newsgroup about a media-covered exchange of views with her.[100]

Style and major themes Pratchett is known for a distinctive writing style that includes a number of characteristic hallmarks. One example is his use of footnotes,[101] which usually involve a comic departure from the narrative or a commentary on the narrative.[102] Pratchett has a tendency to avoid using chapters, arguing in a Book Sense interview that "life does not happen in regular chapters, nor do movies, and Homer did not write in chapters", adding "I'm blessed if I know what function they serve in books for adults."[103] However, there have been exceptions; Going Postal and Making Money and several of his books for younger readers are divided into chapters.[104] Pratchett has offered explanations for his sporadic use of chapters; in the young adult titles, he says that he must use chapters because '[his] editor screams until [he] does', but otherwise feels that they're an unneccessary 'stopping point' that gets in the way of the narrative. Characters, place names, and titles in Pratchett's books often contain puns, allusions and culture references.[105] [106] Some characters are parodies of well-known characters: for example, Pratchett's character Cohen the Barbarian is a parody of Conan the Barbarian and Genghis Khan, and his character Leonard of Quirm is a parody of Leonardo da Vinci. Another hallmark of his writing is the use of capitalised dialogue without quotation marks, used to indicate the character of Death communicating telepathically into a character's mind. Other characters or types of characters have similarly distinctive ways of speaking, such as the auditors of reality never having quotation marks, Ankh-Morpork grocers never using punctuation correctly, or golems capitalising each word in everything they say. Pratchett also made up a new colour, Octarine, a 'fluorescent greenish-yellow-purple', which is the eighth colour in the Discworld spectrum—the colour of magic.[107] Indeed, the number eight itself is regarded in the Discworld as being a magical number; for example, the eighth son of an eighth son will be a wizard, and his eighth son will be a "sourcerer" (which is why wizards aren't allowed to have children).[108] Terry Pratchett 263

Discworld novels often include a modern innovation and its introduction to the world's medieval setting, such as a public police force (Guards! Guards!), gun (Men at Arms), submarine (Jingo), cinema (Moving Pictures), investigative journalism (The Truth), the postal service (Going Postal, although the narrative describes a previous service that collapsed), or modern banking (Making Money). The resulting social upheaval serves as the setting for the main story and often inspires the title.

Influences Pratchett makes no secret of outside influences on his work: they are a major source of his humour. He imports numerous characters from classic literature, popular culture and ancient history,[109] always adding an unexpected twist. Pratchett is a crime novel fan, which is reflected in frequent appearances of the Ankh-Morpork City Watch in the Discworld series.[95] Pratchett was an only child, and his characters are often without siblings. Pratchett explains "in fiction, only-children are the interesting ones."[110] An example is the character Susan Sto Helit. Pratchett's earliest inspirations were The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame, and the works of Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke.[6] His literary influences have been P.G. Wodehouse, Tom Sharpe, Jerome K. Jerome, Roy Lewis,[111] G. K. Chesterton, and Mark Twain.[112]

Publishing history While Pratchett's UK publishing history has remained quite stable, his relationships with international publishers have been turbulent (especially in America). He changed German publishers after an advertisement for Maggi soup appeared in the middle of the German-language version of Pyramids.[113] [114]

Bibliography

The Discworld series

Pratchett's Discworld series is a humorous and often satirical sequence of stories set in the colourful fantasy world of Discworld. The series contains various 'story arcs' (or 'sub-series'), and a number of free-standing stories. All are set in an abundance of locations in the same detailed and unified world, such as the Unseen University and 'The Drum/Broken Drum/Mended Drum' public house in the twin city Ankh-Morpork, or places in the various A shelf full of Terry Pratchett's work, mostly Discworld novels continents, regions and countries on the Disc. Characters and locations reappear throughout the series, variously taking major and minor roles.

The Discworld itself is described as a large disc resting on the backs of four giant elephants, all supported by the giant turtle Great A'Tuin as it swims its way through space. The books are essentially in chronological order,[104] and advancements can be seen in the development of the Discworld civilisations, such as the creation of paper money in Ankh-Morpork.[103] The subject of many of the novels in Pratchett's Discworld series is a parody of a real-world subject such as film making, newspaper publishing, rock and roll music, religion, philosophy, Ancient Greece, Egyptian history, the Gulf War, Australia, university politics, trade unions, and the financial world. Pratchett has also included further parody as a feature within the stories, including such subjects as Ingmar Bergman films, numerous fiction, science fiction Terry Pratchett 264

and fantasy characters, and various bureaucratic and ruling systems.

Other Discworld books Pratchett has written or collaborated on a number of Discworld books that are not novels in themselves but serve to accompany the series. The Discworld Companion, written with Stephen Briggs, is an encyclopedic guide to Discworld. The third (and latest) edition was renamed The New Discworld Companion, and was published in 2003. Briggs also collaborated with Pratchett on a series of fictional Discworld "mapps". The first, The Discworld Mapp (1995), illustrated by Stephen Player, comprises a large, comprehensive map of the Discworld itself with a small booklet that contains short biographies of the Disc's prominent explorers and their discoveries. Three further "mapps", have been released, focusing on particular regions of the Disc: Ankh-Morpork, Lancre, and Death's Domain. Briggs and Pratchett have also released several Discworld diaries and, with Tina Hannan, Nanny Ogg's Cookbook (1999). The design of this cookbook, illustrated by Paul Kidby, was based on the traditional Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, but with humorous recipes. Collections of Discworld-related art have also been released in book form. The Pratchett Portfolio (1996) and The Art of Discworld (2004) are collections of paintings of major Discworld characters by Paul Kidby, with details added by Pratchett on the character's origins. In 2005, Pratchett's first book for very young children was Where's My Cow? Illustrated by Melvyn Grant, this is a realisation of the short story Sam Vimes reads to his child in Thud!. Pratchett resisted mapping the Discworld for quite some time, noting that a firmly-designed map restricts narrative possibility (i.e., with a map, fans will complain if he places a building on the wrong street, but without one, he can adjust the geography to fit the story).

Science of Discworld Pratchett has written three Science of Discworld books in collaboration with Professor of mathematics Ian Stewart and reproductive biologist Jack Cohen, both of the University of Warwick: The Science of Discworld (1999), The Science of Discworld II: The Globe (2002), and The Science of Discworld III: Darwin's Watch (2005). All three books have chapters that alternate between fiction and non-fiction: the fictional chapters are set within the Discworld, where its characters observe, and experiment on, a universe with the same physics as ours. The non-fiction chapters (written by Stewart and Cohen) explain the science behind the fictional events. In 1999, Pratchett appointed both Cohen and Stewart as "Honorary Wizards of the Unseen University" at the same ceremony at which the University of Warwick awarded him an honorary degree.[73]

Folklore of Discworld Pratchett has collaborated with the folklorist Dr Jacqueline Simpson on The Folklore of Discworld (2008), a study of the relationship between many of the persons, places and events described in the Discworld books and their counterparts in myths, legends, fairy tales and folk customs on Earth.

Other novels Pratchett's first two adult novels, The Dark Side of the Sun (1976) and Strata (1981), were both science-fiction, the latter taking place partly on a disc-shaped world. Subsequent to these, Pratchett has mostly concentrated on his Discworld series and novels for children, with two exceptions: Good Omens (1990), a collaboration with Neil Gaiman (which was nominated for both Locus and World Fantasy Awards in 1991[115] ), a humorous story about the Apocalypse set on Earth and Nation (2008), a book for young adults. Terry Pratchett 265

After writing Good Omens, Pratchett began to work with on a book that would become Rainbow Mars; Niven eventually completed the book on his own, but states in the afterword that a number of Pratchett's ideas remained in the finished version.

Children's novels Pratchett's first children's novel was also his first published novel: The Carpet People in 1971, which Pratchett substantially rewrote and re-released in 1992. The next, Truckers (1988), was the first in The Bromeliad trilogy of novels for young readers, about small gnome-like creatures called "Nomes", and the trilogy continued in Diggers (1990) and Wings (1990). Subsequently, Pratchett wrote the "Johnny Maxwell" trilogy, about the adventures of a boy called Johnny Maxwell and his friends, comprising Only You Can Save Mankind (1992), Johnny and the Dead (1993) and Johnny and the Bomb (1996). Nation (2008) marks his return to the non-Discworld children's novel.

Collaborations and contributions • The Unadulterated Cat is a humorous book of cat anecdotes written by Pratchett and illustrated by Gray Jolliffe. • After the King: Stories In Honour of J.R.R. Tolkien edited by Martin H. Greenberg (1992) contains "Troll Bridge", a short story featuring Cohen the Barbarian. This story was also published in the compilations Knights of Madness (1998, edited by Peter Haining) and The Mammoth Book of Comic Fantasy (2001, edited by Mike Ashley). • The Wizards of Odd, a short-story compilation edited by Peter Haining (1996), includes a Discworld short story called "Theatre of Cruelty". • The Flying Sorcerers, another short-story compilation edited by Peter Haining (1997), starts off with a Pratchett story called "Turntables of the Night", featuring Death (albeit not set on Discworld, but in our "reality"). • Legends, edited by (1998), contains a Discworld short story called "The Sea and Little Fishes". • Digital Dreams, edited by David V Barrett (1990), contains the science fiction short story "# ifdefDEBUG + "world/enough" + "time". • Meditations on Middle-Earth (2002) • The Leaky Establishment, written by David Langford (1984), has a foreword by Pratchett in later reissues (from 2001). • Once More* With Footnotes, edited by Priscilla Olson and Sheila M. Perry (2004), is "an assortment of short stories, articles, introductions, and ephemera" by Pratchett which "have appeared in books, magazines, newspapers, anthologies, and program books, many of which are now hard to find."[116] • Now We Are Sick, written by Neil Gaiman and Stephen Jones (1994), includes the poem called "The Secret Book of the Dead" by Pratchett. • The Writers' and Artists' Yearbook 2007 includes an article by Pratchett about the process of writing fantasy. • Good Omens, written with Neil Gaiman (1990) • The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Fantasy, edited by David Pringle (1998), has a foreword by Pratchett.[117] Terry Pratchett 266

Adaptations

Radio Pratchett has had a number of radio adaptations on BBC Radio 4: The Colour of Magic, Equal Rites (on Woman's Hour), Only You Can Save Mankind, Guards! Guards!, Wyrd Sisters, Mort, and Small Gods have all been dramatised as serials, as was Night Watch in early 2008, and The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents as a 90-minute play.[118] Additionally, Guards! Guards! was also adapted as a one-hour audio drama by the Radio Theatre Company and performed live at Dragon*Con in 2001.

Theatre Johnny and the Dead and 14 Discworld novels have been adapted as plays by Stephen Briggs and published in book form.[119] They were first produced by the Studio Theatre Club in Abingdon, Oxfordshire. They include adaptations of The Truth, Maskerade, Mort, Wyrd Sisters and Guards! Guards! Stage adaptations of Discworld novels have been performed on every continent in the world, including Antarctica. In addition, Lords & Ladies has been adapted for the stage by Irana Brown, and Pyramids was adapted for the stage by Suzi Holyoake in 1999 and had a week-long theatre run in the UK.[120] In 2002, an adaptation of Truckers was produced as a co-production between Harrogate Theatre, the Belgrade Theatre Coventry and Theatre Royal, Bury St. Edmunds. It was adapted by Bob Eaton, and directed by Rob Swain. The play toured to many venues in the UK between 15 March and 29 June 2002.[121] A Stage version of "Eric" adapted for the stage by Scott Harrison and Lee Harris was produced and performed by The Dreaming Theatre Company in June/July 2003 inside Clifford's Tower, the 700 year old castle keep in York. It was revived in 2004 in a tour of England along with Robert Rankin's The Antipope. In 2004, a musical adaptation of Only You Can Save Mankind was premiered at the Edinburgh Festival, with music by Leighton James House and book and lyrics by Shaun McKenna.[122] In January 2009 the National Theatre in London announced that their annual Winter family production in 2009 would be a theatrical adaptation of Pratchett's novel Nation. The novel was adapted by playwright Mark Ravenhill and directed by Melly Still, director of the National Theatre's highly successful 2005 Winter family show Coram Boy.[123] [124] The production premiered at the Olivier Theatre on 24 November, and ran until 28 March 2010. It was broadcast to cinemas around the world on 30 January 2010.[125]

Television Truckers was adapted as a stop motion animation series for Thames Television by Cosgrove Hall Films in 1992. Johnny and the Dead was made into a TV serial for Children's ITV on ITV, in 1995. Wyrd Sisters and Soul Music were adapted as animated cartoon series by Cosgrove Hall for Channel 4 in 1996; illustrated screenplays of these were published in 1998 and 1997 respectively. In January 2006, BBC One aired a three-part adaptation of Johnny and the Bomb. A two-part, feature-length version of Hogfather starring David Jason and the voice of Ian Richardson was first aired on Sky One in the United Kingdom in December 2006, and on ION Television in the U.S. in 2007. Pratchett was opposed to live action films about Discworld before because of his negative experience with Hollywood film makers.[126] He changed his opinion when he saw that the director Vadim Jean and producer Rod Brown were very enthusiastic and cooperative.[127] A two-part, feature-length adaptation of The Colour of Magic and its sequel The Light Fantastic aired during Easter 2008 on Sky One.[128] A third adaptation, Going Postal was aired at the end of May 2010. The Sky adaptations are notable also for the author's presence in cameo roles. Terry Pratchett 267

Feature films Pratchett has held back from Discworld feature films;[129] though the rights to a number of his books have been sold, no films have yet been made. The Wee Free Men is set to be directed by Sam Raimi but has not started filming.[130] Director Terry Gilliam has announced in an interview with Empire magazine that he plans to adapt Good Omens[131] but as of 2007 this still needed funding.[132] In 2001, DreamWorks also commissioned an adaptation of Truckers by Andrew Adamson and Joe Stillman[133] but Pratchett believes that it will not be made until after " 17".[134] However, in 2008 Danny Boyle revealed that he hoped to direct a Truckers adaptation by Frank Cottrell Boyce.[135]

Comic books and graphic novels Four graphic novels of Pratchett's work have been released. The first two, originally published in the US, were adaptations of The Colour of Magic and The Light Fantastic and illustrated by Steven Ross (with Joe Bennett on the latter). The second two, published in the UK, were adaptations of Mort (subtitled A Discworld Big Comic) and Guards! Guards!, both illustrated by Graham Higgins and adapted by Stephen Briggs. The graphic novels of The Colour of Magic and The Light Fantastic were republished by Doubleday on 2 June 2008.

Role-playing games GURPS Discworld (Steve Jackson Games, 1998) and GURPS Discworld Also (Steve Jackson Games, 2001) are role-playing source books which were written by Terry Pratchett and Phil Masters, which also offer insights into the workings of the Discworld. The first of these two books was re-released in September 2002 under the name of The Discworld Roleplaying Game, with art by Paul Kidby.

PC and console games The Discworld universe has also been used as a basis for a number of Discworld video games on a range of formats, such as the Sega Saturn, the Sony PlayStation, the Philips CD-i and the 3DO, as well as DOS and Windows-based PCs. The following are the more notable games: • The Colour of Magic, the first game based on the series, and so far the only one directly adapted from a Discworld novel. It was released in 1986 for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64. • Discworld, an animated "point-and-click" adventure game made by Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions in 1995. • Discworld II: Missing Presumed...!?, a sequel to Discworld developed by Perfect Entertainment in 1996. It was subtitled "Mortality Bytes!" in North America. • Discworld Noir is the first 3D game based on the Discworld series, and is both a parody of the film noir genre and an example of it. The game was created by Perfect Entertainment and published by GT Interactive for both the PC and PlayStation in 1999. It was released only in Europe and Australia.

Internet games The world of Discworld is also featured in a fan created online MUD, multi-user dungeon.[136] This game allows players to play humans in various guilds within the universe that Terry Pratchett has created.

Works about Pratchett A collection of essays about his writings is compiled in the book Terry Pratchett: Guilty of Literature, edited by Andrew M. Butler, Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn, published by Science Fiction Foundation in 2000 (ISBN 0903007010). A second, expanded edition was published by Old Earth Books in 2004 (ISBN 188296831X). Andrew M. Butler also wrote the Pocket Essentials Guide to Terry Pratchett published in 2001 (ISBN 1903047390). Writers Uncovered: Terry Pratchett is a biography for young readers by Vic Parker, published by Heinemann Library in Terry Pratchett 268

2006 (ISBN 0431906335).

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[136] http:/ / discworld. atuin. net

External links • Terry Pratchett Official UK and international website (EU, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada)

(http:/ / www. terrypratchett. co. uk/ )

• Terry Pratchett (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0695332/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Terry Pratchett (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Terry_Pratchett) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Bookclub (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ radio4/ arts/ bookclub/ ram/ bookclub_20040704. ram): BBC's James Naughtie and a group of readers talk to Terry Pratchett about his book Mort (audio)

• Terry Pratchett Archive at Senate House Library, University of London (http:/ / www. shl. lon. ac. uk/

specialcollections/ pratchett. shtml)

• 12 October 2009 radio interview (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ local/ wiltshire/ hi/ people_and_places/

arts_and_culture/ newsid_8304000/ 8304467. stm) discussing 'Unseen Academicals' and brain donation at BBC

Wiltshire (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ wiltshire)

• Out of the shadows (http:/ / www. alzheimers. org. uk/ site/ scripts/ documents_info. php?documentID=772) : Four videos in which Terry Pratchett reveals what it was like to be diagnosed with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), a rare variant of Alzheimer's disease.

• 2 May 2007 Live Webchat (http:/ / www. douglasadams. se/ forum/ viewtopic. php?t=12162) transcript at Douglas Adams Continuum

• "29 September 2007 Live Webcast" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080307181507/ http:/ / www. loc. gov/

bookfest/ authors/ ram/ tpratchett. ram) (audio). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. loc. gov/ bookfest/

authors/ ram/ tpratchett. ram) on 7 March 2008. "Terry Pratchett speaks and answers questions at the 2007 National Book Festival in Washington DC"

• Meeting Mr Pratchett (http:/ / www. theage. com. au/ news/ books/ meeting-mr-pratchett/ 2007/ 02/ 15/

1171405371862. html) at The Age

• Pratchett talks about his diagnosis with Alzheimer's, from the Daily Mail (UK) (http:/ / www. dailymail. co. uk/

health/ article-1070673/ Terry-Pratchett-Im-slipping-away-bit-time--I-watch-happen. html) Tim Green 273 Tim Green

Tim Green Born December 16, 1963Liverpool, NY

Occupation Sports commentator, attorney, author

[1]

Tim Green

Date of birth: December 16, 1963

Place of birth: Liverpool, NY

Career information

Position(s): LB, DE

College: Syracuse

NFL Draft: 1986 / Round: 1 / Pick 17

Organizations

As player:

1986–1993 Atlanta Falcons [2] Playing stats at DatabaseFootball.com

[3] College Football Hall of Fame

Timothy John Green (born December 16, 1963) is a former American football player as well as a radio and television personality. He was a linebacker and defensive end with the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League, a commentator for National Public Radio, the former host of the 2005 revival of A Current Affair on Fox, and a best-selling author.

Biography Green was born in Liverpool, New York. He was adopted (and later wrote about this in his book A Man and His Mother: An Adopted Son's Search). He graduated from Syracuse University in 1986 with a degree in English, and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2002. He was the Atlanta Falcons' first-round draft selection in 1986 and played for them through 1993. Finalist for the Rhodes Scholarship in 1987. Green graduated from Syracuse University College of Law in 1994. He has written suspense novels and other books and has served as a commentator for the NFL on Fox. His book Football Genius made The New York Times best-seller list of children's chapter books. [4] Green has been reported to be considering a run for elective office in 2008—a campaign for the New York State Senate seat in the Syracuse area currently held by Republican John DeFrancisco. [4] Tim Green is a practicing lawyer with the firm Hiscock & Barclay in New York State. He recently co-hosted "Find My Family" with Lisa Joyner on ABC Television. [5] In January 2010, Green was named the varsity football coach at Skaneateles High School in Skaneateles, New York. [6] Tim Green 274

Bibliography

Fiction • 1996 Outlaws • 2000 The Letter of The Law (Warner Books) • 2002 The Fourth Perimeter (Warner Books) • 2003 The Fifth Angel • 2004 The First 48 • 2005 Exact Revenge • 2006 Kingdom Come • 2009 American Outrage • 2007 Football Genius • 2009 Football Hero • 2009 Football Champ • 2009 Above The Law • 2009 Baseball Great • 2010 False Convictions • 2010 "Rivals" [A Baseball Great book] • 2010 "The Big Time"

Non-fiction • 1997 A Man and His Mother: An Adopted Son's Search • 1997 The Dark Side of the Game: My Life in the NFL • 2003 The Road To The NFL

References

[1] http:/ / www. timgreenbooks. com/

[2] http:/ / www. databasefootball. com/ players/ playerpage. htm?ilkid=GREENTIM01

[3] http:/ / www. collegefootball. org/ famer_selected. php?id=80041

[4] http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 09/ 27/ nyregion/ 27green. html?ref=nyregion

[5] http:/ / abc. go. com/ shows/ find-my-family/ bio/ tim-green/ 338352

[6] http:/ / www. syracuse. com/ news/ index. ssf/ 2010/ 01/ skaneateles_school_board_hires. html Timothy Zahn 275 Timothy Zahn

Timothy Zahn

Born September 1, 1951

Occupation Author

Nationality United States

Genres Science fiction, fantasy

Timothy Zahn (born September 1, 1951 Chicago, Illinois) is a writer of science fiction short stories and novels. His novella Cascade Point won the 1984 Hugo award.[1] He is the author of eight Star Wars Expanded Universe novels, including six novels featuring Grand Admiral Thrawn: the Thrawn Trilogy, Hand of Thrawn duology, and Outbound Flight. The Thrawn trilogy marked a revival in the fortunes of the Star Wars franchise, bringing it widespread attention for the first time in years; all three Thrawn-trilogy novels made the New York Times best-seller lists, and set the stage and tone for most of the franchise's Expanded-Universe content. While many of Zahn's characters have been embraced by franchise writers and readers, some still appearing in novels written seventeen years later, Thrawn has been particularly influential. Zahn also wrote the young adult Dragonback series and the popular Conquerors' Trilogy.

Biography Timothy Zahn was born in Chicago, Illinois. He attended Michigan State University, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in physics in 1973. He then moved to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and achieved an M.S. degree in physics in 1975. While he was pursuing a doctorate in physics, his thesis adviser quite suddenly died, leaving Zahn with three years of thesis work down the drain. Zahn never completed the doctorate. In 1975 he had begun writing science fiction as a hobby, and later he became a professional writer. He and his wife Anna live in Bandon, Oregon. They have a son, Corwin Zahn. Timothy Zahn 276

Writing style Zahn's characters are noteworthy for taking various pieces of information, putting together a picture of events, and planning a course of action around it. Grand Admiral Thrawn is a character that reflects this. Zahn's Star Wars books also usually focus on a certain core group. Throughout these books, he often makes references to other characters or events that were created by him in previous works. As with the original Star Wars trilogy, all books in both The Thrawn Trilogy and The Hand of Thrawn Duology begin with an "exterior shot" of a Star Destroyer. Zahn tends to focus more on the logic of his characters (as with Thrawn) rather than their feelings and has characters from the original trilogy re-use some of their distinctive dialogue. Timothy Zahn is also credited with naming the galactic hub of the Star Wars universe, Coruscant. Zahn's books are often described as "fast-paced". For example, he tends to develop settings only as necessary to advance the plot. A distinguishing mark of his work is his fondness for obliquely referential wordplay. For instance, in the Thrawn trilogy, the name "Thrawn" comes from a word meaning "twisted", while the names of two pets—"Sturm" and "Drang"—are actually the real-world German words for "Storm" and "Urge", and seem to nod directly toward the "Sturm und Drang" writing style born out of the German Romantic movement. Given that the Star Wars science-fantasy saga is overtly rooted in Romanticism, Zahn's arcane referencing here would seem appropriate. The names of characters, planets, and solar systems seem to betray a certain acquaintance with both ancient Norse and Semitic (Hebrew, Arabic) lexic and morphology. Note, for instance, the mysterious planet Myrkr with its near-impenetrable forests and utter "darkness" in the Force (cf. Old Norse myrkr "darkness"), or the literally-minded species Elomin, sg. Elom (cf. the Hebrew m.pl. suffix -im). There are numerous instances of both medieval literature/saga and Old Testament references in his Star Wars novels. However, it is uncertain whether the linguistic patterns (associated with these sources) are intentional or simply a side-effect of said familiarity.

Bibliography

Blackcollar Series • The Blackcollar (1983) • The Backlash Mission (1986) • The Judas Solution (2006) Both The Blackcollar and The Backlash Mission were released in one joint novel titled Blackcollar in 2006.

Cobra Series • Cobra (1985) • Cobra Strike (1986) • Cobra Bargain (1988) The first two books were also released in one compilation called Cobras Two in 1992. A complete compilation was released as the Cobra Trilogy in 2004. Timothy Zahn 277

Cobra War Trilogy • Cobra Alliance (2009) • Cobra Guardian (2011) • Cobra Gamble (tentative release January 2012)

Cobra Rebellion Trilogy Cobra Rebellion is a new trilogy that is also forthcoming. No individual titles for these books are available yet.

Conquerors Trilogy • Conquerors' Pride (1994) • Conquerors' Heritage (1995) • Conquerors' Legacy (1996)

Star Wars

Thrawn trilogy • Heir to the Empire (1991) • Dark Force Rising (1992) • The Last Command (1993)

Hand of Thrawn series • Specter of the Past (1997) • Vision of the Future (1998)

Other Star Wars novels • Survivor's Quest (2004) • Outbound Flight (2006) • Allegiance (2007) • Choices of One (July 2011)

Graphic novels • Mara Jade: By the Emperor's Hand; a graphic novel with Michael A. Stackpole (1999) • Mara Jade: A Night on the Town, comic in Star Wars Tales 1 • Specter of Thrawn (cancelled)

Shorter works • The Dreamsender short story (1980) • Dark Thoughts at Noon short story (1982) • Pawn's Gambit short story and Hugo nominee (1982) • When Jonny Comes Marching Home short story (1982) • Cascade Point short story and Hugo winner (1983) • The Final Report on the Lifeline Experiment short story (1983) • Return to the Fold short story and Hugo nominee (1984) • Teamwork short story (1984) • Music Hath Charms short story (1985) • First Contact: short story in Star Wars Adventure Journal 1, later republished in Tales From the Empire (1994) • The Saga Begins: short story in The DarkStryder Campaign (1995) Timothy Zahn 278

• Mist Encounter : short story in Star Wars Adventure Journal 7, later republished in the paperback edition of Outbound Flight (1995) • Hammertong: short story in Tales from the Mos Eisley Cantina (1995) • Sleight of Hand: short story in Tales from Jabba's Palace (1996) • Command Decision: short story in Star Wars Adventure Journal 9 (1996) • Side Trip: novella with Michael A. Stackpole in Star Wars Adventure Journal 12 and Star Wars Adventure Journal 13, later republished in in Tales From the Empire (1997) • Jade Solitaire: short story intended for the cancelled Star Wars Adventure Journal 17, later published in Tales from the New Republic (1999) • Interlude at Darkknell: novella with Michael A. Stackpole, in Tales from the New Republic (1999) • With One Stone: Honorverse short story in The Service of the Sword (2003) • Fool's Bargain: eBook; also reprinted in the paperback edition of Survivor's Quest (2004) • Hero of Cartao: short story in Star Wars Insider • Changing Seasons: short story in Star Wars Insider • Judge's Call: short story on Del Rey's website. • Duel: short story / Hasbro tie-in. • Handoff: short story in Star Wars Gamer • Sword's Man: short story in Space Gamer • Symmkyn's Edge: short story in Space Gamer • Vampire Trap: short story in Space Gamer • Fantasy World: short story in Space Gamer • The Challenge: short story in Space Gamer • "Vampin' Down the Avenue" short story in Twilight Zone: 19 Original Stories on the 50th Anniversary (2009)

Dragonback series • Dragon and Thief (2003) • Dragon and Soldier (2004) • Dragon and Slave (2005) • Dragon and Herdsman (2006) • Dragon and Judge (2007) • Dragon and Liberator (2008)

Quadrail or Frank Compton series • Night Train to Rigel (2005) • The Third Lynx (2007) • Odd Girl Out (2008) • The Domino Pattern (2009) • Judgment at Proteus (tentative release February 2012) Timothy Zahn 279

Other novels • Spinneret (1985) • A Coming of Age (1985) • Triplet (1987) • Deadman Switch (1988) • War Horse (1990) • The Icarus Hunt (1999) • Angelmass (2001) • Manta's Gift (2002) • The Green and the Gray (2004) • Terminator Salvation: From the Ashes (2009) • Terminator Salvation: Trial by Fire (2010)

Collections • Cascade Point and Other Stories (1986) • Time Bomb and Zahndry Others (1988) • Distant Friends and Other Stories (1992) • Star Song and Other Stories (2002)

References

[1] 1984 Hugo Awards. (http:/ / www. thehugoawards. org/ ?page_id=35) Accessed August 29, 2008.

External links

• Timothy Zahn's page (http:/ / us. macmillan. com/ author/ timothyzahn) at Tor Books

• Timothy Zahn (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?Timothy_Zahn) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

• Bibliography (http:/ / scifan. com/ writers/ zz/ ZahnTimothy. asp) on SciFan

• Interview online (http:/ / forums. starwars. com/ thread. jspa?threadID=153502& tstart=0) at Starwars.com Article Sources and Contributors 280 Article Sources and Contributors

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James Haskins Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=394696495 Contributors: Bearcat, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DMG413, ErinHowarth, Farmasgabrail, Fratrep, JzG, Kbdank71, Peter Napkin Dance Party, Realkyhick, Stoshmaster, TenPoundHammer, Woohookitty, 16 anonymous edits

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Joyce Carol Oates Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=409067826 Contributors: 3Jane, AFox2, Abbeybriggs, Accotink2, AeonicOmega, Ahoerstemeier, Alansohn, Alyshabeck, Andrew Lowe Watson, Angr, Antandrus, Ashley Y, Aurora, Avono, BarretBonden, Bearcat, Beetstra, Biŋhai, Blades95, Blanchardb, Bmarte, Bobo192, Boleyn3, Bookgrrl, Brendan Moody, Cabreet, Calton, CapitalR, Casey Abell, Catbar, ChKa, Charlessuppon, Chemica, Classicfilms, Cokeabout, Colleen2328, Cometstyles, Comrade Riche, Corpx, Crimson Mechanical, Cynthia B., D6, DJ Clayworth, DJHasis, Darth Panda, Defrain77, Democrat1, Deor, Dhricenak, Dkurz, Doceddi, Dogposter, Donreed, DreamGuy, Drinky Crow, Dsp13, EchetusXe, EdQuine, Eggy2486, Emg42, Eno-ja, Entheta, Epbr123, Eusebio42, Everyking, Falcon4196, Flopsy Mopsy and Cottonmouth, Fredrik, FrenchieAlexandre, Galoubet, Gary King, Geoff43230, George415, Gkreiger, Gouramiest, Griffinofwales, Gtrmp, Guppy, HOT L Baltimore, Habj, Haldraper, Hibou8, Hifrommike65, Hit bull, win steak, Hobbesy3, Hope Springs Eternal, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, Iago Dali, Iam, Icarus of old, Irk, IronChris, JForget, JJEagleHawk, JYi, JaGa, Jdavidb, Jeanenawhitney, Jeepday, Jengod, Jfpierce, Jimberg64, Jimfbleak, Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink, Jimsteele9999, Jjbilotta, Johnpacklambert, Joyous!, Juliand, Justrey, JzG, K Watson1984, K72ndst, KF, Katefan0, Katharineamy, KathrynLybarger, Kevin Forsyth, Kintetsubuffalo, Kukini, LaderSader, Larry Dunn, Lishian, MC10, MER-C, Madmedea, Marox79, Mattis, Merchbow, Merodoc, Miaers, Micfri, Midnightdreary, Mukerjee, MusicToDieTo, Naduah, Nascar1996, Nastunya, NawlinWiki, Nneonneo, No1lakersfan, NormalGoddess, Ohnoitsjamie, Osm agha, Pdrosso, Perdita, Periphron, Pluik, Porcuperson, Postcard Cathy, Pulido.alonso, Qwafl42, Rachel1, RadiantRay, RadicalBender, Razorflame, Reader34, RealBigFlipsbrain, RedSpruce, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), RickK, RonaldHayden, Ronz, Ryan Roos, SU Linguist, Sadads, Saga City, Sannse, Scwlong, SeanO, Semidimes, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Sherool, Silver River, Skudrafan1, Slocombe, Sontag12, Sspillers, Stepford, Stephen Burnett, Steven J. Anderson, Strausszek, SunCreator, Sunfishy, Supergee, TallulahBelle, Tassedethe, Tburket, Ted Wilkes, Template namespace initialisation script, The Parsnip!, The wub, Thingg, Titoxd, Tommy2010, Treybien, Truefreedom, Tstrobaugh, Tyrenius, UDScott, UtherSRG, Velocity5957, Victoriagirl, Werdan7, Winkyland, Woohookitty, 426 anonymous edits

Julia Alvarez Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=411055140 Contributors: Abbyrocksthisworld, Academic Challenger, Alexshmalex, Aristophanes68, Arthena, Auntof6, Awadewit, BartlebytheScrivener, Beth Wellington, Calabraxthis, Centrx, Ceoil, Chuunen Baka, Closedmouth, Collins8, Cometstyles, CommonsDelinker, Courcelles, D6, Dasani, David Gerard, Doc glasgow, DropDeadGorgias, Ehager, Enviroboy, Epbr123, EyeSerene, Fatman634, FlorianB, Flowerpotman, Gang14, Gene Nygaard, Geometry guy, Good Olfactory, Gtrmp, Gtstricky, Hu12, J. Spencer, J.delanoy, JForget, Janmaas, Jazzeur, Jbmurray, Jetman, Jfg284, Jj137, John, Jtkiefer, Julie17, KF, Kbdank71, King of Hearts, Komusou, Krashlandon, La Pianista, Lawrlafo, LeaveSleaves, Maiabutler, Mailyn, Makeemlighter, Marta.Paczynska, Middayexpress, Mike Christie, Minie01, Mr.joker2134, MrStalker, Msariel, Niemot, Nihiltres, NuclearWarfare, OhanaUnited, Ohmahdayum, PDH, PaulHanson, Pirisanto, Pmadan, Remember, Rjwilmsi, Ronabop, Roux, Saayiit, Sampi, Sauceyboy, Schi, Sct72, ShelfSkewed, Smegingbastard, Socerizard, Spilsmaker, Stan Shebs, Stumps, Supergee, Taranet, Taxman, Tazmaniacs, The Duke of Waltham, The wub, Thirdreel, Thrump0, Tide rolls, Tjdee, Tony1, TreasuryTag, Unibrow8890, West.andrew.g, WhisperToMe, WikiTome, Wochniks, Yamamoto Ichiro, Yrithinnd, Z.E.R.O., 217 anonymous edits

Juliet Marillier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=404591214 Contributors: Brewcrewer, Canadaolympic989, Captain-tucker, CaptainJae, CarolFN, Dr Aaron, Epinheiro, Firsfron, Grutness, Irishguy, JLaTondre, Jennavecia, Kaare, MarSch, Mariko, Mirthe, Nyssa-Flower, Phil Boswell, Salavat, ShadowRangerRIT, Shion.somnium, Skigal95, Tassedethe, Thetrick, Tnburrows, Tomato chic, Ulflarsen, XLerate, 39 anonymous edits

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Kim Harrison Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=401925074 Contributors: Alagos, Banaticus, Betacommand, Beyond My Ken, BlackMeph, Bostonterriersrule, Brian25j, Cast, Cinnamon42, Craigruns, Debuskjt, DocWatson42, Drmies, Dsp13, Ekotkie, Fred the Oyster, Gaius Cornelius, Hmwith, JLaTondre, Jbeth28, Jeanenawhitney, Jmm6f488, JonathanDP81, Justy1, LadyofShalott, Ladyofsilverdawn, LilHelpa, Miskaton, Orangemike, Pejorative.majeure, Piano non troppo, Rich Farmbrough, Rolf b, RossPatterson, Sabiona, Sadads, Sandpanther, SlackerMom, Sonicforest, Subspace1250, The Pink Oboe, Ventifax, WLU, 48 anonymous edits

Meg Cabot Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=410943112 Contributors: 28bytes, 2help, 6afraidof7, AB, AFinucane57, Abiola99, Acforsberg, Adsfadss, After Midnight, Airplaneman, Akhristov, Akuma801, Alexius08, Amy Drummond, Andrewrp, AngelArlia, AnnaJGrant, Arjayay, Augustsh, Az1568, BRG, Banana04131, Bdj, Belagaile, Bender235, Bhoeble, BigrTex, CMacMillan, CaradocTheKing, Carla, Carmichael95, Caterfree10, Cflat06, Chanlyn, Chorusbabe, Chris G, Chuckiesdad, Clamster5, Classicrockfan42, Cobaltbluetony, Cool3, Corpx, Crazycupcake, Curps, Darkspots, David Johnson, Deborah-jl, Dessymona, Dimadick, Doxingirl, DragonflySixtyseven, Eco84, Ellegirl626, Erpert, Euchiasmus, Everyking, Ewen, Extremepro, Exxolon, Firebat08, Frecklegirl, GabriellaHoward, Gill4693, GrahameS, Grouse, Hbdragon88, Howcheng, Hu12, Ihav10fingrs, Ilovebabawawa, Ilva, ImGz, Infrogmation, Ioeth, Irishguy, Its just me 92, JForget, Jaxl, Jeanenawhitney, Jeffwannabe, JerH, Jinuu, K72ndst, KGasso, Kevinalewis, Kickeedee, King of Hearts, Kylu, LANIHEY, La Pianista, Lights, LilHelpa, Limetolime, Lindmere, Loofahbathbuddy, Lorelaig, Lotje, Madmedea, Maggieab10k, Manteliapulianen, Mel21clc, Melaen, Merope, Mokakeiche, Monorina, Mooseboy0518, Mrspabs, Navarone9513, Olaadamski, PIrish, PeaceNT, Pearle, Pestimistic, PigFlu Oink, Plumpurple, Prodego, R'n'B, RTCearly, Ratiocinate, Reidlophile, RevRagnarok, Rhopkins8, Rich Farmbrough, Robina Fox, RockMFR, Rudeboy2025, RwnMayfair, Samuel Blanning, Sanawon, SaranethSama, Schipperkie, Scienceman123, SeventyThree, Shadowmaster13, Shannernanner, ShelfSkewed, Shinybluestarz, Shsilver, Sillygoose0203, Silvermoonx, SirFozzie, Skier Dude, Sljaxon, Sn0wflake, Snowolf, Socalledboothy, Soymotel, Spaceflower, Stanistani, Steven applegate2003, Stormbay, Strdst grl, StuartDouglas, Supercooluser, Sweetlikechoc15, TampaBayGirl, Tartan, Terrillja, The Happy Witch, TheFarix, Tide rolls, TimDuncan, TotallyShami, Trevor MacInnis, Trihn, Tweety amu11, Ulric1313, Vanished user 39948282, Vary, Vintagesinger, Vistro, Vzolin, Warfreak, Wikigirl9, Wikiuser05, Winter227, Woohookitty, Xshimmerbluex, YellinYee, ZX81, Ziggurat, Zyxw, 640 anonymous edits

Michael Chabon Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=407020690 Contributors: -5-, 77scholar, Abzug, Acbertrand, AdultSwim, Agrumer, AirLiner, Alaaious, All Hallow's Wraith, Allen Holt, Amoammo, Anirvan, Arcadian, Argotoronto, Atkumar10, Bdegfcunbbfv, Bearcat, Bender235, Bermy88, Bobblewik, Brighterorange, Calton, Catherine breillat, Cfall, Chabon, Chabuk, Clarkbhm, Colonies Chris, Cuchullain, D-Rock, D6, DavidLevinson, Deborahjay, Delldot, Dickius, Discospinster, Doktor Waterhouse, Dthomsen8, Dvyost, Enochlau, Fastfission, Fearfulsymmetry, Flinguer, Folajimi, GabrielF, Gatfish, Genisock2, Geoff43230, Ghosts&empties, Goochelaar, Granpuff, Griot, Guat6, Haddison, Hob, Hobbesy3, Husond, Ian Pitchford, Irishguy, Irregulargalaxies, Ixfd64, J Greb, JLaTondre, JamesAM, Jeanenawhitney, Jezhotwells, Jfpierce, Jpgordon, JuliaKinsman, Junius49, KConWiki, Ka Faraq Gatri, Karimarie, Keenan Pepper, Keith Lynch, KnowledgeOfSelf, Koavf, Kocio, Konczewski, Kwamikagami, Labookgal, Lamerkhav, Leuko, Litalex, Littlefang, Ljhliesl, Loudsox, Lunkwill, Maestro25, Mareino, Mark83, MarkSutton, Martarius, Martini76, Mav, MsDivagin, N000n, Nate1234, Norm mit, NotJackhorkheimer, Numskll, Okiefromokla, Orangemike, PDH, PMDrive1061, Pablo X, Pagana, Pamplemousse, Patricio00, Peter Karlsen, Phil Sandifer, Piltdown, Pinar, Plainsong, Plasticup, Pleather, Postdlf, Professorkemp, Pyrop, Ravichandar84, Reader34, Requestion, Rhrad, Rich Farmbrough, Richtig27, Rjwilmsi, Rorschach567, Rudowsky, Sarahgeorge, Sburke, Scorpion0422, Seelebrenntdotcom, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Sfiller, ShelfSkewed, Shsilver, Simoragn, Skomorokh, SparsityProblem, Stateofthings, SteinbDJ, Steppppo, Sunwin1960, Supervidin, TMC1982, Taranah, Tassedethe, Tchlouis, Tedernst, Teiladnam, Tide rolls, Tinmanic, Toddst1, TomyDuby, Tony1, Treybien, UltimatePyro, Unitanode, Unmitigated Success, Vanished188, Vanzorn, Vitalstyle, WhiteCat, Winiznayne, Wolfehhgg, Ybbor, Yllosubmarine, Zarvok, Zoicon5, Zoidbergmd, 222 anonymous edits

Mike Lupica Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=394944728 Contributors: -Midorihana-, A8UDI, ABF, Abce2, Adrian 1001, Airplaneman, Akaleoedb, Alansohn, Alison22, Avoided, BarretBonden, Baseball Bugs, Bbsrock, Beeblebrox, Benailes, Blanchardb, Bobo192, BusterD, Caeculus, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Captain panda, Cawkmeatspin, Ched Davis, Choalbaton, Choess, Chris Laws, Chunky Rice, Cliff1911, Coleyho, Courcelles, Cwagmire, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DLPMCY, Dark Shikari, Davemackey, Dayewalker, DeadEyeArrow, Deavenger, Dorftrottel, Drew R. Smith, Drmies, E. Fokker, East718, EdK, Elassint, Enviroboy, Eric-Wester, ErikNY, Everyking, Excirial, Fafa1234, FlyingToaster, Gaff, GoingBatty, Greatal386, Ground Zero, Gurch, HOT L Baltimore, Happy138, Haza-w, HexaChord, IW.HG, Iamhungey, Ikiroid, J. halpert, J.delanoy, Jack O'Lantern, Jackson008, Jaycaruso, Jeff G., Jimfandango, Jtanzer, Kalathalan, Keilana, Kingpin13, Kyax1093, Levineps, Martin451, MattTM, Mentifisto, Mikeo, Monachuck, Monk Bretton, No Guru, Nsaa, PassionoftheDamon, Paulsen, Pediman, Pinball22, Pitamakan, Possum, Redsox04, RexNL, Richard, Rjanag, SDC, Sanchom, Sean William, SeanMD80, Senori, Shirulashem, Shoeofdeath, Smallhaus, Snowolf, StockMail, Storm Rider, TMC1982, TashTish, Thatguyflint, The Thing That Should Not Be, The undertow, TheLadyEve, TheMile, Thingg, Tommerrigan, Trendy131, Udhugery, Vanished user 01, WakebyWolf, Wasted Time R, Wayne Slam, Whiskey in the Jar, White 720, Wknight94, Xavexgoem, ZimZalaBim, Île flottante, 426 anonymous edits

Milton Meltzer Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=403470455 Contributors: Academic Challenger, Amalas, Antidote, Caerwine, Ceyockey, Cgingold, Cosprings, D6, David Schaich, EWS23, Erasmussen, J.delanoy, Jetman, Jmccrory, Joolz, Ktr101, Mdazey, Mild Bill Hiccup, Nilfanion, Philip Trueman, Rjwilmsi, [email protected], Silvius Graecus, Spiderbob007, WWGB, Waacstats, Zaslav, 34 anonymous edits Article Sources and Contributors 283

Nat Hentoff Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=406031914 Contributors: 2nicegirls, Badagnani, Bear300, Bearcat, Beetstra, Bender235, Calibanu, Cgingold, Chicheley, Chubbles, Cloonmore, Crohnie, Crystallina, D6, DevorahLeah, DickClarkMises, Dillard421, DoriSmith, Dream out loud, DutchmanInDisguise, Eagle4000, Ed Poor, Ehsankhoshbakht, Erauch, Finavon, Flugkupeskce777777777, Fusion is the future, Gerkinstock, Gjs238, Goniners49, GregorB, Ground Zero, Gyrofrog, Huangdi, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, Irishguy, J.delanoy, JFA2009, JayJasper, Jazzcowboy, Jerjazmus6, JoeSmack, Johnpacklambert, Joie de Vivre, Jose Ramos, Just Jim Dandy, JzG, KConWiki, Kaibabsquirrel, Kelainoss, KillerChihuahua, Kleinmatic, Knucmo2, Koavf, Korny O'Near, Lightmouse, MaxPower, Nathanm mn, Neutrality, Nick Number, Nsk92, Orthogonal, Philopedia, Pitchka, Pugetbill, Renata3, Rhobite, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), Satori Son, Sdedeo, Shoplifter, Shortride, Smerus, Stella Mercer, Stevenmitchell, T. Anthony, TBHecht, Technopat, The Founders Intent, TheSuave, Tiki2099, Varlaam, Wdflake, Weirdali, Woohookitty, Yaron K., 94 anonymous edits

Neil Gaiman Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=410045104 Contributors: $cammer, 24.31.226.xxx, 2over0, A. 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Neil Gaiman bibliography Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=409637339 Contributors: Aervanath, AlexDante, Ameronski, Archiveangel, Auntof6, BillDeanCarter, Bjones, Blu3d, Caknuck, Chadoh, Colonies Chris, Contributor777, DWP102589, Danleary25, Emperor, FlashSheridan, Freekee, Frungi, Gabi S., GrahamHardy, Gregmce, Gwern, Icowrich, J Greb, JohnBlackburne, Just-fix-it, Kevinalewis, Koavf, Kuralyov, LadyofShalott, Lilac Soul, Lord Crayak, Marcus Brute, Martarius, May Cause Dizziness, Meatspinclock, Mervyn, Michael Hardy, Mike Peel, Mukake, Mundaneman, Nickelfish, Pandrio Androtti, Pedrosmother, Pegship, Pentasyllabic, Pipedreamergrey, Rasagathi, Rjwilmsi, Ronny corral, Socerizard, T Dot SoleJah, The 80s chick, The hatstand, Thehowlingink, Warholo, Woohookitty, Zifnabxar, 67 anonymous edits

Nick Hornby Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=410166669 Contributors: AaronSw, Achangeisasgoodasa, Adrian Sampson, Airyphary, Alansohn, Alexf, All Hallow's Wraith, AngelOfSadness, Angmering, Anorest, Arbero, Armsgravy, Arsenaldc1988, Artstars, Ashtonstreet01, Balthazarduju, Beardo, Bender235, Benjamintchip, Bernsville, Best name, Beware the Unknown, Biffo50, Bigweeboy, Bobbertos, Bobblehead, Branddobbe, C777, CALR, CJLL Wright, Calton, CarolGray, CdaMVvWgS, Chastempest, Cherry blossom tree, Chochopk, Ckatz, Ckessler, ConorM, Contributor777, D6, DShamen, DancingPenguin, Dapsv, DarkSummoner, Dash150, David Gerard, David Thrale, Den68cube, Dgeiser13, Diliff, Dirtybutclean, Dismas, Djbj16, Dzemper, Escape Orbit, Est.r, Eubulides, Evanreyes, Feelingscarfy, Firsfron, Flambelle, FreplySpang, Gabriel Roth, Grafen, GrahamHardy, Hankypankynohow, Hedgey42, Hslibrarygal, Iago Dali, IanPCP, Ideabook, Imroy, Iridescent, Itsallsemantics, J. Van Meter, JaGa, Japanese Searobin, Jckatz, Jdcooper, Jeanenawhitney, JeremyA, JeroenvB, Jetman, Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink, Jmabel, Jncraton, John, Jpers36, KF, Kbdank71, Kerotan, Kesla, Kevin B12, Khalkis, Koavf, Kuru, KyleGarvey, LaurDragon, Lexor, Lord.lucan, MER-C, Malcolmxl5, Marathonmannen, Master Bigode, Mattjme, Mayumashu, Mbertsch, Meecrofilm, Megan1967, MicroBio Hawk, MikeMCSG, Millbanks, Miscellaneous45, Miss Brightside, Moncrief, MooseKin, MorningsideRiot, Mortene, Mthwaite, Musicalantonio, Nevalalee, Nick Dillinger, Nick Number, NuclearWinner, Number 0, Nunquam Dormio, Ohnonebraska, Ozzykhan, Pcpcpc, PeeJay2K3, Philip Cross, Philip Trueman, Phoenixintern, Pip2andahalf, Pointer1, Rabbitfighter, Rbrwr, RevRagnarok, Rich Farmbrough, Robertson999, Roche-Kerr, Rolando, Ronny corral, Ronz, Rosem0, RoyBatty42, Rystheguy, SSJPabs, SamJ93, Schmiteye, ShelfSkewed, Sparklism, Speranza86, Sry85, Studio17, Suffusion of Yellow, Tempodivalse, The JPS, The Rambling Man, 265 ,ילוקורב ,Thomasfairbairn, Thumperward, Tony1, Tregoweth, Tuesdaily, Tyoda, Ucscottb4u, VT hawkeye, Verica Atrebatum, Wizardman, Yllosubmarine, Zoidbergmd, Zoombody anonymous edits

Nina Kiriki Hoffman Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=405776772 Contributors: Adam2005, Amalas, Anon e Mouse Jr., Artemis-Arethusa, Avt tor, Bifurcation, Brianyoumans, Caerwine, Clawed, Cybercobra, D6, Davidscarter, Diannaa, Elf, Grendelkhan, Hit bull, win steak, Jayron32, Jim Henry, Kindredm7, Kletta, Martarius, Ofearna, Owen, Rudam, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Shsilver, Snovember, Technomom, Tesscass, Thomas Bull, Valfontis, Voceditenore, 24 anonymous edits

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P. C. Cast Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=409558952 Contributors: Ahasuerus, Alansohn, Algébrico, Amalas, AniBlade, ApolloCreed, Arxiloxos, Auntof6, BabooshSkadooshka, Bella Swan, Bkratchtech, Bntz, Brian25j, Carptrash, D6, DESiegel, DanMS, Drbreznjev, EagleFan, Elenagilbert007, Eloise590, Emersoni, Jerrbear123, JzG, Kencaesi, LeilaniLad, Lesieli brahh, Letdemsay, Maurreen, McGeddon, Neranus, NoJoker, Olijven, Omgsockmonkeys!, PamD, Paul Magnussen, Pinkygirl91, Pjotr'k, Promking, PvsKllKsVp, RUL3R, Robina Fox, Rpbillliesur, Stollhofen, Stormwhisper, The Man in Question, TheOneTheOnly81, TheRedPenOfDoom, Uncle Dick, Vsmith, Whisky drinker, Willking1979, Woohookitty, XxxLoveColorsxxX, Zoobeerhall, 139 anonymous edits

Paolo Bacigalupi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=409373911 Contributors: Benjamintchip, Doomsdayer520, Dr. Blofeld, Dravecky, Gurch, Halfhaggis, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, Johnsemlak, Kurtan, Makeemlighter, Martarius, Ningauble, Ohioreader, Orangemike, Rkeele, SMasters, Sandstein, Shsilver, SouthernNights, T. Anthony, Theazureshadow, Trntrff, Vs2005, Yamazaki-kun, 41 anonymous edits

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Rachel Vincent Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=409092082 Contributors: Benjamintchip, Cerejota, CommonsDelinker, Deagle AP, John, L Kensington, Oda Mari, Patrick114, Phil Boswell, Rjwilmsi, 40 anonymous edits

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Richelle Mead Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=408713125 Contributors: All Hallow's Wraith, C.Fred, Calisa, Clown triste, Elfwood, FlyFlyButterfly, Gfe, Ginny1991, Gnowor, Isthisthingworking, JHunterJ, JLaTondre, Johnpacklambert, Katharineamy, Kenzey818, LadyofShalott, Melanie beswick, MikeTheActuary, Mo HH92, Naduah, PhilKnight, Philip Trueman, Princess189, Ronhjones, Shadowjams, Skyetikei, StephenKingFan100, TheRedPenOfDoom, Valsvik, Versus22, WikiWynn, Xclusive095, 104 anonymous edits

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Ridley Pearson Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=407055675 Contributors: Alansohn, Alihmo, Amalas, Astrofig, BD2412, Bearcat, Blakice1313, Caerwine, Conscious eaters, Courcelles, D6, DarkPreznc, Dmoon1, Domp9066, Doradus, Emes, Fabrictramp, GeeJo, Hu12, IRP, JasonAQuest, Jaxl, Jwrosenzweig, Legotech, Mike Selinker, Naduah, Newwave, Rossumcapek, Serein (renamed because of SUL), Sheila.weaver, ShelfSkewed, Sherool, Speedway, The Parting Glass, Themeparkfanatic, Tony1, Tyger63, WiseOldRafiki, YUL89YYZ, 82 anonymous edits

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Sherman Alexie Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=409887695 Contributors: Absolutpiracy, Ac dc overdose, Alansohn, Alex Middleton, Andabi03, Aristophanes68, Auntof6, Autarch, B33g33, Badagnani, Bangfrog, Bepp, Bkonrad, Blanchardb, Bob2207, Bobmatnyc, Bookster68, CDA, Chaudière, Christy747, Chuggnutt, Classicfilms, Coemgenus, Conner.95, Cookipuss7, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DHeyward, DVdm, DanielEng, Dark Gloomba, DavidHoag, Derumi, DieWeisseRose, Dputig07, Draugen, Earbox, Emiellaiendiay, EngineerScotty, Epbr123, Essjay, Estinate, Evanreyes, Gentgeen, Gurch, Hall Monitor, HappyInGeneral, Henry Merrivale, Henryodell, Hexagon70, Hibiscusroto, Hurmata, Husond, Iago Dali, Ink Falls, Ixfd64, JStripes, Jab843, Jeanenawhitney, Jeff G., Jetman, Jihg, Jimsteele9999, Jmabel, Jordancda, JorisvS, Kafkabeetle, Kathryn NicDhàna, KawaD, Kcts9, KenFehling, Kenirwin, Kennnesbitt, Killiondude, Kurieeto, Libroman, Locke Cole, Lotje, Ltvine, Lukobe, Lythic, Magioladitis, Malfet, MeltBanana, Miami33139, Michfan2123, Mifter, Mlaffs, Moor0393, Msariel, NathanoNL, NawlinWiki, Neutrality, Nightscream, Noroton, Nv8200p, Ohoyochata, PaulaMessina, Philip Trueman, Piuro, Pohick2, Pol430, RJFJR, Radicalsubversiv, Rj, [email protected], Robfergusonjr, Rockero, RogDel, SMasters, Sadads, Sam, Sascay30, Scartol, ShelfSkewed, Shotwell, Sillyp, Spurfer, Stilgar135, Sylvain1972, Szlevi, T@nn, TRBP, Tassedethe, Tedernst, Terryballard, Thatguyflint, Tluap2, Tohd8BohaithuGh1, Tomdobb, Utcursch, Uyvsdi, Valfontis, Vizjim, Vulturell, WhisperToMe, Will Beback, Wimt, Woohookitty, Zacktayler, Zelkova, Zian, 252 anonymous edits

Sherrilyn Kenyon Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=409583794 Contributors: Akhristov, Anarkeya, AngelOfSadness, Anonymous Cow, Badmoon36, Bbedn, Bhoeble, Boffob, Bookreads54, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Cattizz, Chowbok, Crabbylucy, Craigy144, D6, Danny, Davewho2, Deville, Discospinster, Dougweller, E-romance, Ellagrey25, Harpiebird, Hégésippe Cormier, ImGz, Jackol, Jeanenawhitney, Jkelly, John, Jpomes, Kamikazekitty007, Karanacs, Kevinalewis, Khatru2, KimSchmidt, Kojozone, Little Mountain 5, Lowellian, Lselim, MamenAtienza, Materialscientist, Maybeemee, Missjessica254, N-Man, Naduah, Neelix, Nightscream, Osbus, Pagrashtak, Phil Boswell, Pol098, RJHall, Rich Farmbrough, Rjwilmsi, Ronhjones, RossPatterson, Ryan Postlethwaite, ST47, Sebiale, ShelfSkewed, Sherrilynkenyon, Slysplace, Steevo714, SteinbDJ, Supernanny, Sven Manguard, TPIRFanSteve, Thieftess, Tokyogirl79, Twotwofourone, Xcharleinx, Z10x, Ze miguel, Zoudounbruja117, 130 anonymous edits

Stephen Hawking Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=410381499 Contributors: .V., 0, 129.128.164.xxx, 1pezguy, 23skidoo, 2over0, 2toise, 5 albert square, 80sfaan, 84user, 95j, 95jaynoonlfc5, 9Nak, 9allenride9, A More Perfect Onion, A-giau, A. di M., ABTU, Aaron Walden, Aartie, Abhishikt, Aboutaboutabout, Abu badali, Acalamari, Ace ETP, Aclayartist, Adam Article Sources and Contributors 286

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Tim Green Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=410079224 Contributors: 2004-12-29T22:45Z, 5 albert square, Abra123, Alakey2010, Algont, Alldaiallnite, Amalas, Antandrus, Aomarks, Asbestos, Bento00, Bobo192, Bookerguy, Calsicol, Choalbaton, Chzz, Cmhdave73, Coloradorocket, Crystallina, D6, Dale Arnett, David Gerard, Duffy2032, Epbr123, EugeneZelenko, Firsfron, Gnickett1, Guroadrunner, Gypaetus, Ianblair23, Insanity Incarnate, JJL, JamesMLane, Jaranda, JayJasper, Jeanenawhitney, Karlhafer, Levineps, Little Mountain 5, MECU, Mike Selinker, MisterFerret, NickCatal, Nielsh, Paul Erik, Peter.C, PeterSymonds, Philip Trueman, Pvmoutside, R'n'B, SpaceFlight89, Stephenb, TMC1982, Tassedethe, Tex611, The Arbiter, The Thing That Should Not Be, Thingg, Thubbard26, Timothy and her, Tlmclain, Tobit2, TonyW, Waacstats, Yankees10, YegerMeister, YourMom71, 108 anonymous edits

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