DOCSLIB.ORG

Leaders in LNG

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leaders in LNG Leaders in LNG Turning vision into reality Wood is a global leader in project delivery, Wood has a proven track record for safely and engineering and technical services, providing 160+ successfully delivering world-scale projects, year heritage efficient, integrated solutions across the including LNG facilities. asset life cycle in multiple sectors. We are proud of our rich heritage which underpins our 60,000 We are a key player in the LNG industry. We have demonstrated our ability to deliver high quality LNG unrivalled breadth and depth of capability. We employees facilities which meet our clients’ objectives. We have also pushed the boundaries of LNG, pioneering modularization of liquefaction plants, working employ people with the brightest minds and on ever increasing LNG train sizes, applying creativity to solve technical challenges, developing innovative the sharpest skills, who use our leading-edge offshore options, overcoming environmental issues and meeting local content requirements. technology to help our customers succeed. 60+ As we’re also experts in upstream gas field development, we can design and execute the entire countries development and monetization project, from wellhead to regasification terminal, and from concept to start-up and beyond. We add value at every stage: • Technical due diligence sevices • Engineering, procurement & construction (EPC) • Concept and feasibility studies • Operational readiness “Each and every • Site selection studies • Commissioning & start-up Our differentiators include our Care individual in our extensive range of services, the quality • Pre-front-end engineering design (Pre-FEED) • Ongoing asset support of our delivery, the passion of our Working safely with integrity, business has the people and our unique culture. True respecting and valuing each other • Front-end engineering design (FEED) • Operations and maintenance to our values, we work in an open and and our communities ability to make a transparent way; a committed partner significant impact to our customers, supply chain and the communities we work with. Commitment to our safety Our values set the tone for what is Consistently delivering to delivery. Safety is important in our business, they are all our stakeholders what we care about the essence of our identity and fortify everything we do. most and being Courage safe means looking Pushing the boundaries to create out for yourself and smarter, more sustainable solutions showing care for your colleagues. Keep safety at the heart of every conversation you have.” Robin Watson, Chief Executive Turning vision into reality We have the skills, experience and creativity to add value throughout the LNG Nearshore Platform LNG, Honghua Group LNG21 asset lifecycle. From the earliest screening or conceptual phases through to Wood has developed the establishing a robust basis of design in the pre-FEED stage, ready for FEED FEED for the world’s first execution and the final investment decision, we also provide ongoing asset offshore platform-based natural gas liquefaction and support and improvement. storage development in the West Delta area of Gulf of Mexico for the Honghua Group. The scope included onshore Our specialist consultancy teams Our gas monetization expertise gas pre-treatment plant combine the skills of highly qualified includes: Onshore LNG, configuration and layouts, LNG experts with the benefits of our • LNG liquefaction and Timor-Leste LNG general utilities, feed gas extensive in-house cost and schedule re-gasification processing and compression, We completed the detailed information, and project execution and transportation and delivery • Overall gas monetization planning Pre-FEED for a 5 to 20 know-how based on the successful via re-purposed pipelines from • Onshore and offshore project MTPA liquefaction plant and delivery of thousands of projects. the existing onshore Toca and solutions associated infrastructure Venice, Louisiana, facilities Our experts work closely with our located at a remote greenfield • Monetizing unconventional gas to the LNG facility 10 miles clients to develop, analyse and reserves site on the southern coast offshore.Wood compiled and evaluate a wide range of concepts, of Timor-Leste with scope plant configurations, technologies • Onshore and offshore project developed the necessary solutions including: and execution strategies to arrive at technical documentation for optimum solutions. • Process and technology selection • Concept selection studies a Deep Water Port (DWP) permit application to United • Plant layout/modularization • Development of technical We have executed a wide and diverse States Maritime Administration design range of LNG studies and pre-FEEDs • Constructibility in remote and (MARAD). This includes designing for both onshore and offshore plants challenging locations • Development of procurement onshore, pipelines and offshore covering most liquefaction technologies • Environmental, permitting and and construction strategies elements of the facility in and plant configuration options. local content solutions sufficient detail to satisfy the • Project implementation plans We recognize the growing • Modularisation of liquefaction trains MARAD. The facility is designed importance of non-technical factors • ±25% capital cost estimate to produce up to 4.2 million • Liquefaction technology evaluation in project development and we have tonnes per year of LNG and to • Schedule for the overall project significant expertise in overcoming • Driver Selection store 300,000 cubic meters of environmental issues and meeting local • LPG extraction • Local content plans. LNG. content requirements. • Cooling media Wood also executed the FEED Our consultancy groups play a major for the offshore pipeline from • Heat integration role in shaping LNG investments at the Greater Sunrise fields to early stages in the project lifecycle • Platforms and gravity-based Timor-Leste. when key strategic decisions are structures required. From the earliest stages of feasibility studies, our expertise in technical aspects of LNG processing is FLNG, Shell g-FLNG combined with conceptual innovation We completed the Pre-FEED for the Shell g-FLNG facility design based and constructibility aspects for major on a 25 year design life and 10,000 year environmental conditions. We developments in remote locations. leveraged our experience and capabilities in LNG, FPSO topsides design As a result, our studies and pre-FEEDs and integration and SURF to deliver the technical optimization studies, the deliver robust solutions which can engineering and execution planning and surveillance services, the general be built upon during the subsequent design specifications and weight control for the generic FLNG design project development phases. By including both LNG and LPG storage and offloading. combining our LNG and upstream The design benefited from our offshore topsides knowledge base from all gas expertise, we are able to produce types of floating production systems (oil, gas and water) in water depths integrated gas development studies from 10 to 7,000ft ensuring that the weight distribution, space limitations, and pre-FEEDs covering the whole gas safety and evacuation routes, operations and maintenance and were monetization chain. addressed in the topside layout. LNG liquefaction We strive continuously to improve our already world-class safety record. We have received over one hundred safety awards from clients, safety and industry organizations, and government bodies around the world. We have proved that we can deliver our projects in line with construction expertise of our EPC organization to implement our clients’ local content objectives, whether it involves local a modular approach. Following execution of the FEED for execution, local partners, local materials and equipment the Pluto foundation project, we then led the JV executing supply, matching export credit needs, or training a local the EPC phase and supported start-up and commissioning workforce. of the completed plant. We also undertook the FEED for potential future Pluto Train 2 and Train 3 expansions. LNG liquefaction facilities are large, complex developments, frequently in remote and challenging locations. Our track record demonstrates our ability to deliver entire liquefaction North West Shelf Venture Phase V projects, including all offsites and infrastructure. Expansion, Australia With our in-depth technical expertise, global EPC experience We led the JV executing the EPC phase for the construction and particularly our proven ability to execute large and of a fifth LNG processing train of up to 4.4 mtpa capacity complex projects successfully and safely, we are a key player at the Woodside-operated Karratha gas plant. Our in-depth in the LNG market. modular design and construction experience was pivotal to this ground-breaking project, the first onshore liquefaction plant in the world to be designed and built in modules. In Port Arthur LNG, USA all, there were 75 separate modular structures, the largest Wood supported the development of the 11.6 MTPA of which contained the majority of the liquefaction process greenfield Port Arthur LNG liquefaction plant, including equipment. two liquefaction trains, three LNG storage tanks and two product export ship berths. and associated infrastructure located in Texas. Our scope included : Petronas MLNG Dua, Malaysia We were FEED and EPC contractor on a de-bottlenecking • Pre-FEED, value engineering and integrated PMC project to increase LNG production capacity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Process Technologies and Projects for Biolpg
    energies Review Process Technologies and Projects for BioLPG Eric Johnson Atlantic Consulting, 8136 Gattikon, Switzerland; [email protected]; Tel.: +41-44-772-1079 Received: 8 December 2018; Accepted: 9 January 2019; Published: 15 January 2019 Abstract: Liquified petroleum gas (LPG)—currently consumed at some 300 million tonnes per year—consists of propane, butane, or a mixture of the two. Most of the world’s LPG is fossil, but recently, BioLPG has been commercialized as well. This paper reviews all possible synthesis routes to BioLPG: conventional chemical processes, biological processes, advanced chemical processes, and other. Processes are described, and projects are documented as of early 2018. The paper was compiled through an extensive literature review and a series of interviews with participants and stakeholders. Only one process is already commercial: hydrotreatment of bio-oils. Another, fermentation of sugars, has reached demonstration scale. The process with the largest potential for volume is gaseous conversion and synthesis of two feedstocks, cellulosics or organic wastes. In most cases, BioLPG is produced as a byproduct, i.e., a minor output of a multi-product process. BioLPG’s proportion of output varies according to detailed process design: for example, the advanced chemical processes can produce BioLPG at anywhere from 0–10% of output. All these processes and projects will be of interest to researchers, developers and LPG producers/marketers. Keywords: Liquified petroleum gas (LPG); BioLPG; biofuels; process technologies; alternative fuels 1. Introduction Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) is a major fuel for heating and transport, with a current global market of around 300 million tonnes per year.
    [Show full text]
  • Gasification of Woody Biomasses and Forestry Residues
    fermentation Article Gasification of Woody Biomasses and Forestry Residues: Simulation, Performance Analysis, and Environmental Impact Sahar Safarian 1,*, Seyed Mohammad Ebrahimi Saryazdi 2, Runar Unnthorsson 1 and Christiaan Richter 1 1 Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; [email protected] (R.U.); [email protected] (C.R.) 2 Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Sharif University of Technologies, Tehran P.O. Box 14597-77611, Iran; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Wood and forestry residues are usually processed as wastes, but they can be recovered to produce electrical and thermal energy through processes of thermochemical conversion of gasification. This study proposes an equilibrium simulation model developed by ASPEN Plus to investigate the performance of 28 woody biomass and forestry residues’ (WB&FR) gasification in a downdraft gasifier linked with a power generation unit. The case study assesses power generation in Iceland from one ton of each feedstock. The results for the WB&FR alternatives show that the net power generated from one ton of input feedstock to the system is in intervals of 0 to 400 kW/ton, that more that 50% of the systems are located in the range of 100 to 200 kW/ton, and that, among them, the gasification system derived by tamarack bark significantly outranks all other systems by producing 363 kW/ton. Moreover, the environmental impact of these systems is assessed based on the impact categories of global warming (GWP), acidification (AP), and eutrophication (EP) potentials and Citation: Safarian, S.; Ebrahimi normalizes the environmental impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Technologies for Gasification of Biomass and Wastes
    Review of Technologies for Gasification of Biomass and Wastes Final report NNFCC project 09/008 A project funded by DECC, project managed by NNFCC and conducted by E4Tech June 2009 Review of technology for the gasification of biomass and wastes E4tech, June 2009 Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Approach ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Introduction to gasification and fuel production ...................................................................... 1 1.4 Introduction to gasifier types .................................................................................................... 3 2 Syngas conversion to liquid fuels .................................................................................... 6 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis ......................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Methanol synthesis ................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Mixed alcohols synthesis .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Development of Dry Coking/Coal
    Development of Coking/Coal Gasification Concept to Use Indiana Coal for the Production of Metallurgical Coke, Liquid Transportation Fuels, Fertilizer, and Bulk Electric Power Phase II Final Report September 30, 2007 Submitted by Robert Kramer, Ph.D. Director, Energy Efficiency and Reliability Center Purdue University Calumet Table of Contents Page Executive Summary ………………………………………………..…………… 3 List of Figures …………………………………………………………………… 5 List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………. 6 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 7 Process Description ……………………………………………………………. 11 Importance to Indiana Coal Use ……………………………………………… 36 Relevance to Previous Studies ………………………………………………. 40 Policy, Scientific and Technical Barriers …………………………………….. 49 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 50 Appendix ………………………………………………………………………… 52 2 Executive Summary Coke is a solid carbon fuel and carbon source produced from coal that is used to melt and reduce iron ore. Although coke is an absolutely essential part of iron making and foundry processes, currently there is a shortfall of 5.5 million tons of coke per year in the United States. The shortfall has resulted in increased imports and drastic increases in coke prices and market volatility. For example, coke delivered FOB to a Chinese port in January 2004 was priced at $60/ton, but rose to $420/ton in March 2004 and in September 2004 was $220/ton. This makes clear the likelihood that prices will remain high. This effort that is the subject of this report has considered the suitability of and potential processes for using Indiana coal for the production of coke in a mine mouth or local coking/gasification-liquefaction process. Such processes involve multiple value streams that reduce technical and economic risk. Initial results indicate that it is possible to use blended coal with up to 40% Indiana coal in a non recovery coke oven to produce pyrolysis gas that can be selectively extracted and used for various purposes including the production of electricity and liquid transportation fuels and possibly fertilizer and hydrogen.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Propane
    Renewable propane Pathways to the prize Eric Johnson Western Propane Gas Association 4 November 2020 A bit of background Headed to Carbon Neutral: 2/3rds of World Economy By 2050 By 2045+ By 2060 By 2050 Facing decarbonisation: you’re not alone! Refiners Gas suppliers Oil majors A new supply chain for refiners Some go completely bio, others partially Today’s r-propane: from vegetable/animal oils/fats Neste’s HVO plant in Rotterdam HVO biopropane (r-propane) capacity in the USA PROJECT OPERATOR kilotonnes Million gal /year /year EXISTING BP Cherry Point BP ? Diamond Green Louisiana Valero: Diamond Green Diesel 10 5.2 Kern Bakersfield Kern ? Marathon N Dakota Tesoro, Marathon (was Andeavor) 2 1 REG Geismar Renewable Energy 1.3 0.7 World Energy California AltAir Fuels, World Energy 7 3.6 PLANNED Diamond Green Texas Valero: Diamond Green Diesel, Darling 90 46.9 HollyFrontier Artesia/Navajo HollyFrontier, Haldor-Topsoe 25 13 Marathon ? Next Renewables Oregon Next Renewable Fuels 80 41.7 Phillips 66 ? Biggest trend: co-processing • Conventional refinery • Modified hydrotreater • Infrastructure exists already Fossil petroleum BP, Kern, Marathon, PREEM, ENI and others…… But there is not enough HVO to meet longer-term demand. LPG production Bio-oil potential What about the NGL industry? Many pathways to renewables…. The seven candidate pathways Gasification-syngas, from biomass Gasification-syngas, from waste Plus ammonia, Pyrolysis from DME, biomass hydrogen etc Glycerine-to-propane Biogas oligomerisation Power-to-X Alcohol to jet/LPG Gasification to syngas, from biomass Cellulose Criterium Finding Process Blast biomass (cellulose/lignin) into CO and H2 (syngas).
    [Show full text]
  • Process Intensification with Integrated Water-Gas-Shift Membrane Reactor Reactor Concept (Left)
    INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM Process Intensification with Integrated Water-Gas-Shift Membrane Reactor Reactor concept (left). Flow diagram (middle): Hydrogen (H2) permeates the membrane where nitrogen (N2) sweeps the gas to Hydrogen-Selective Membranes for High- produce a high-pressure H2/N2 gas stream. Membrane diagram Pressure Hydrogen Separation (right): The H2-selective membrane allows the continuous removal of the H2 produced in the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction. This allows for the near-complete conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) This project will develop hydrogen-selective membranes for an innovative water-gas-shift reactor that improves gas separation to carbon dioxide (CO2) and for the separation of H2 from CO2. efficiency, enabling reduced energy use and greenhouse gas Image Courtesy of General Electric Company, Western Research Institute, emissions. and Idaho National Laboratory. Benefits for Our Industry and Our Nation Introduction The development of an integrated WGS-MR for hydrogen The goal of process intensification is to reduce the equipment purification and carbon capture will result in fuel flexibility footprint, energy consumption, and environmental impact of as well as environmental, energy, and economic benefits. manufacturing processes. Commercialization of this technology has the potential to achieve the following: One candidate for process intensification is gasification, a common method by which hydrocarbon feedstocks such as coal, • A reduction in energy use during the separation process by biomass, and organic waste are reacted with a controlled amount replacing a conventional WGS reactor and CO2 removal system of oxygen and steam to produce synthesis gas (syngas), which with a WGS-MR and downsized CO2 removal unit is composed primarily of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO).
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Gasification
    STRATEGIC ANALYSIS The Future of Gasification By DeLome Fair coal gasification projects in the U.S. then slowed significantly, President and Chief Executive Officer, with the exception of a few that were far enough along in Synthesis Energy Systems, Inc. development to avoid being cancelled. However, during this time period and on into the early 2010s, China continued to build a large number of coal-to-chemicals projects, beginning first with ammonia, and then moving on to methanol, olefins, asification technology has experienced periods of both and a variety of other products. China’s use of coal gasification high and low growth, driven by energy and chemical technology today is by far the largest of any country. China markets and geopolitical forces, since introduced into G rapidly grew its use of coal gasification technology to feed its commercial-scale operation several decades ago. The first industrialization-driven demand for chemicals. However, as large-scale commercial application of coal gasification was China’s GDP growth has slowed, the world’s largest and most in South Africa in 1955 for the production of coal-to-liquids. consistent market for coal gasification technology has begun During the 1970s development of coal gasification was pro- to slow new builds. pelled in the U.S. by the energy crisis, which created a political climate for the country to be less reliant on foreign oil by converting domestic coal into alternative energy options. Further growth of commercial-scale coal gasification began in “Market forces in high-growth the early 1980s in the U.S., Europe, Japan, and China in the coal-to-chemicals market.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production Through Synergistic Methane
    Research Article Cite This: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX pubs.acs.org/journal/ascecg Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production through Synergistic Methane- Activated Catalytic Biomass Gasification † † † ‡ † Amoolya Lalsare, Yuxin Wang, Qingyuan Li, Ali Sivri, Roman J. Vukmanovich, ‡ † Cosmin E. Dumitrescu, and Jianli Hu*, † ‡ Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, 395 Evansdale Drive, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: The abundance of natural gas and biomass in the U.S. was the motivation to investigate the effect of adding methane to catalytic nonoxidative high-temperature biomass gasification. The catalyst used in this study was Fe− Mo/ZSM-5. Methane concentration was varied from 5 to 15 vol %, and the reaction was performed at 850 and 950 °C. While biomass gasification without methane on the same catalysts produced ∼60 mol % methane in the total gas yield, methane addition had a strong effect on the biomass gasification, with more than 80 mol % hydrogen in the product gas. This indicates that the reverse steam methane reformation (SMR) reaction is favored in the absence of additional methane in the gas feed as the formation of H2 and CO shifts the equilibrium to the left. Results showed that 5 mol % additional methane in the feed gas allowed for SMR due to formation of steam adsorbates from oxygen in the functional groups of aromatic lignin being liberated on the oxophilic transition metals like Mo and Fe. This oxygen was then available for the SMR reaction with methane to form H2, CO, and CO2.
    [Show full text]
  • Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuels Production Based on Gasification Ryan M
    Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuels Production Based on Gasification Ryan M. Swanson, Justinus A. Satrio, and Robert C. Brown Iowa State University Alexandru Platon ConocoPhillips Company David D. Hsu National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-46587 November 2010 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuels Production Based on Gasification Ryan M. Swanson, Justinus A. Satrio, and Robert C. Brown Iowa State University Alexandru Platon ConocoPhillips Company David D. Hsu National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. BB07.7510 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 1617 Cole Boulevard NREL/TP-6A20-46587 Golden, Colorado 80401 November 2010 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • Anaerobic Digestion, Gasification, and Pyrolysis - Lee G.A
    WASTE MANAGEMENT AND MINIMIZATION – Anaerobic Digestion, Gasification, and Pyrolysis - Lee G.A. Potts, Duncan J. Martin ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, GASIFICATION, AND PYROLYSIS Lee G.A. Potts Biwater Treatment, Lancashire, UK Duncan J. Martin University of Nottingham, UK Keywords: anaerobic, biogas, char, combustible, digestate, digestion, gasification, methane, municipal solid waste, pyrolysis Contents 1. Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste to Gaseous Fuels 2. Anaerobic Digestion 2.1. Background 2.2. Principles 2.3. Conditions 2.3.1. Moisture Content 2.3.2. Temperature 2.3.3. pH 2.3.4. Waste Composition 2.3.5. Gas Phase Composition 2.3.6. Retention Time 2.3.7. Seeding 2.3.8. Nutrients 2.3.9. Inhibitors 2.3.10. Mixing 2.4. Feedstock Preparation 2.4.1. Waste Collection and Separation 2.4.2. Feedstock Preparation 2.5. Processes 2.5.1. Dry Batch Digestion 2.5.2. Dry Continuous Digestion 2.5.3. Wet Continuous Digestion 2.5.4. Wet Multistage Digestion 2.6. ProductsUNESCO – EOLSS 2.6.1. Biogas 2.6.2. Digestate SAMPLE CHAPTERS 2.7. Conclusions 3. Pyrolysis and Gasification 3.1. Background 3.2. Pyrolysis 3.2.1. Processes 3.2.2. Gas Products 3.2.3. Liquid Products 3.2.4. Solid Products 3.3. Gasification ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) WASTE MANAGEMENT AND MINIMIZATION – Anaerobic Digestion, Gasification, and Pyrolysis - Lee G.A. Potts, Duncan J. Martin 3.3.1. Processes 3.3.2. Products 3.4. Combined Processes 3.5. Conclusions Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Incinerators for municipal solid waste can be used for electricity generation or space heating.
    [Show full text]
  • Syngas Composition: Gasification of Wood Pellet with Water Steam
    energies Article Syngas Composition: Gasification of Wood Pellet with Water Steam through a Reactor with Continuous Biomass Feed System Jerzy Chojnacki 1,* , Jan Najser 2, Krzysztof Rokosz 1 , Vaclav Peer 2, Jan Kielar 2 and Bogusława Berner 1 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Raclawicka Str.15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland; [email protected] (K.R.); [email protected] (B.B.) 2 ENET Centre, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; [email protected] (J.N.); [email protected] (V.P.); [email protected] (J.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-94-3478-359 Received: 15 July 2020; Accepted: 22 August 2020; Published: 25 August 2020 Abstract: Investigations were performed in relation to the thermal gasification of wood granulate using steam in an allothermal reactor with electric heaters. They studied the impact of the temperature inside the reactor and the steam flow rate on the percentage shares of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 in synthesis gas and on the calorific value of syngas. The tests were conducted at temperatures inside the reactor equal to 750, 800, and 850 C and with a steam flow rate equal to 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 kg h 1. ◦ · − The intensity of gasified biomass was 20 kg h 1. A significant impact of the temperature on the · − percentages of all the components of synthesis gas and a significant impact of the steam flow rate on the content of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in syngas were found.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Carbon Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) from Wood Wastes
    Low-Carbon Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) from Wood Wastes February 2019 Disclaimer This information was prepared by Gas Technology Institute (GTI) for CARB, PG&E, SoCalGas, Northwest Natural, and SMUD. Neither GTI, the members of GTI, the Sponsor(s), nor any person acting on behalf of any of them: a. Makes any warranty or representation, express or implied with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe privately-owned rights. Inasmuch as this project is experimental in nature, the technical information, results, or conclusions cannot be predicted. Conclusions and analysis of results by GTI represent GTI's opinion based on inferences from measurements and empirical relationships, which inferences and assumptions are not infallible, and with respect to which competent specialists may differ. b. Assumes any liability with respect to the use of, or for any and all damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report; any other use of, or reliance on, this report by any third party is at the third party's sole risk. c. The results within this report relate only to the items tested. d. The statements and conclusions in this Report are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of the California Air Resources Board. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products.
    [Show full text]