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Cumulative Checklist – Ecuador: Mindo & the Northwest Andes Column A = Number of tours out of seventeen on which this species has been recorded Column B = Number of days this species was seen on the Feb 2020 tour Column C = Maximum daily count for this species on the Feb 2020 tour Column D = H = Heard Only A B C D 2 Tawny-breasted Tinamou Nothocercus julius 16 Little Tinamou 1 3 H Crypturellus soui 1 Curve-billed Tinamou Nothoprocta curvirostris 2 Torrent Duck Merganetta armata 1 Blue-winged Teal Spatula discors 2 Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica 12 Andean Guan 1 2 Penelope montagnii 10 Sickle-winged Guan Chamaepetes goudotii 5 Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens 5 Wattled Guan Aburria aburri 3 Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail Odontophorus erythrops 12 Dark-backed Wood-Quail 2 2 Odontophorus melanonotus 3 Pied-billed Grebe 1 3 Podilymbus podiceps 14 Feral (Rock) Pigeon 3 25 Columba livia 7 Pale-vented Pigeon 1 1 H Patagioenas cayennensis 15 Band-tailed Pigeon 3 15 Patagioenas fasciata 13 Plumbeous Pigeon 1 2 Patagioenas plumbea 17 Ruddy Pigeon 2 4 Patagioenas subvinacea 16 Dusky Pigeon 2 2 Patagioenas goodsoni 13 Common Ground-Dove 1 3 Columbina passerina 13 White-tipped Dove 5 3 Leptotila verreauxi 10 Pallid Dove 1 1 H Leptotila pallida 12 White-throated Quail-Dove 1 1 H Geotrygon frenata 17 Eared Dove 3 50 Zenaida auriculata 16 Smooth-billed Ani 2 4 Crotophaga ani 2 Groove-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris 7 Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia 1 Banded Ground-Cuckoo 1 1 Neomorphus radiolosus 9 Little Cuckoo 1 1 Piaya minuta 17 Squirrel Cuckoo 4 2 Piaya cayana 1 Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WINGS ● 1643 N. Alvernon Way Ste. 109 ● Tucson ● AZ ● 85712 ● www.wingsbirds.com (866) 547 9868 Toll free US + Canada ● Tel (520) 320-9868 ● Fax (520) 320 9373 Cumulative Checklist… 2 8 Rufous-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis rufiventris 13 Lyre-tailed Nightjar 1 1 Uropsalis lyra 12 Common Potoo 1 1 Nyctibius griseus 1 White-chested Swift Cypseloides lemosi 2 Spot-fronted Swift Cypseloides cherriei 13 Chestnut-collared Swift 2 4 Streptoprocne rutilus 17 White-collared Swift 2 100 Streptoprocne zonaris 4 Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicauda 16 Gray-rumped Swift 1 11 Chaetura cinereiventris 1 White-tipped Swift Aeronautes montivagus 15 Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift 1 3 Panyptila cayennensis 17 White-necked Jacobin 4 22 Florisuga mellivora 5 Band-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes ruckeri 17 White-whiskered Hermit 5 2 Phaethornis yaruqui 17 Tawny-bellied Hermit 2 1 Phaethornis syrmatophorus 1 Stripe-throated Hermit Phaethornis striigularis 3 Green-fronted Lancebill Doryfera ludoviciae 10 Choco Daggerbilll 2 2 Schistes albogularis 17 Brown Violetear 4 3 Colibri delphinae 14 Lesser (Green) Violetear Colibri cyanotus 17 Sparkling Violetear 2 35 Colibri coruscans 17 Purple-crowned Fairy 1 2 Heliothryx barroti 1 Green-breasted Mango Anthracothorax prevostii 17 Gorgeted Sunangel 2 4 Heliangelus strophianus 17 Green Thorntail 3 25 Popelairia conversii 17 Speckled Hummingbird 3 5 Adelomyia melanogenys 17 Violet-tailed Sylph 6 10 Aglaiocercus coelestis 16 Black-tailed Trainbearer 2 3 Lesbia victoriae 2 Green-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia nuna 8 Rainbow-bearded Thornbill Chalcostigma herrani 17 Tyrian Metaltail 1 4 Metallura tyrianthina 16 Sapphire-vented Puffleg Eriocnemis luciani 17 Golden-breasted Puffleg 1 1 Eriocnemis mosquera 9 Shining Sunbeam 1 5 Aglaeactis cupripennis 17 Brown Inca 5 4 Coeligena wilsoni 17 Collared Inca 1 3 Coeligena torquata 17 Buff-winged Starfrontlet 1 4 Coeligena lutetiae 9 Mountain Velvetbreast Lafresnaya lafresnayi 17 Sword-billed Hummingbird 1 1 Ensifera ensifera 17 Great Sapphirewing 1 2 Pterophranes cyanopterus 17 Buff-tailed Coronet 3 20 Boissonneaua flavescens ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WINGS ● 1643 N. Alvernon Way Ste. 109 ● Tucson ● AZ ● 85712 ● www.wingsbirds.com (866) 547 9868 Toll free US + Canada ● Tel (520) 320-9868 ● Fax (520) 320 9373 Cumulative Checklist… 3 17 Velvet-purple Coronet 6 10 Boissonneaua jardini 17 Booted Racket-tail 6 25 Ocreatus underwoodii 10 Rufous-gaped (White-tailed) Hillstar 2 2 Urochroa bougueri 17 Purple-bibbed Whitetip 5 12 Urosticte benjamini 17 Fawn-breasted Brilliant 5 20 Heliodoxa rubinoides 17 Green-crowned Brilliant 5 15 Heliodoxa jacula 17 Empress Brilliant 3 3 Heliodoxa imperatrix 1 Giant Hummingbird Patagona gigas 4 Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris 1 Purple-collared Woodstar Myrtis fanny 9 White-bellied Woodstar 2 1 Chaetocercus mulsant 1 Little Woodstar Chaetocercus bombus 17 Purple-throated Woodstar 5 7 Calliphlox mitchellii 16 Western Emerald 3 3 Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus 17 Crowned Woodnymph 5 20 Thalurania colombica 17 Andean Emerald 6 12 Amazilia franciae 6 Blue-chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis 15 Purple-chested Hummingbird Amazilia rosenbergi 17 Rufous-tailed Hummingbird 7 18 Amazilia tzacatl 2 Violet-bellied Hummingbird 1 1 Juliamyia julie 2 Virginia (Ecuadorian) Rail Rallus limicola 3 Brown Wood-Rail Aramides wolfi 3 Slate-colored (Andean) Coot 1 6 Fulica ardesiaca 5 White-throated Crake Laterallus albigularis 13 Spotted Sandpiper 1 1 Actitis macularia 1 Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes 1 Andean Gull Chroicocephalus serranus 3 Sunbittern Eurypyga helias 1 Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens 7 Neotropic Cormorant 1 20 Phalacrocorax brasilianus 3 Fasciated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma fasciatum 6 Great Egret 1 1 Casmerodius albus 12 Snowy Egret 2 12 Egretta thula 4 Little Blue Heron 1 1 Egretta caerulea 16 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 2 Striated Heron 2 1 Butorides striata 1 Andean Condor Vultur gryphus 17 Black Vulture 7 15 Coragyps atratus 17 Turkey Vulture 5 5 Cathartes aura 4 Osprey Pandion haliaetus 1 Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WINGS ● 1643 N. Alvernon Way Ste. 109 ● Tucson ● AZ ● 85712 ● www.wingsbirds.com (866) 547 9868 Toll free US + Canada ● Tel (520) 320-9868 ● Fax (520) 320 9373 Cumulative Checklist… 4 1 White-tailed Kite 1 1 Elanus leucurus 9 Hook-billed Kite 2 1 Chondrohierax uncinatus 4 Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis 15 Swallow-tailed Kite 3 3 Elanoides forficatus 4 Black Hawk-Eagle 1 1 Spizaetus tyrannus 1 Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus 2 Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus melanoleucus 8 Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus 11 Plumbeous Kite 2 8 Ictinia plumbea 2 Tiny Hawk Accipiter superciliosus 5 Sharp-shinned (Plain-breasted) Hawk Accipiter striatus ventralis 1 Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens 1 Plumbeous Hawk Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea 10 Barred Hawk 2 3 Morphnarchus princeps 16 Roadside Hawk 4 2 Rupornis magnirostris 3 Harris's Hawk 1 1 Parabuteo unicinctus 1 White-rumped Hawk Parabuteo leucorrhous 3 Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma 5 Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle 1 1 Geranoaetus melanoleucus 2 Gray-backed Hawk Pseudastur occidentalis 2 Gray-lined (Gray) Hawk Buteo nitidus 14 Broad-winged Hawk 2 1 Buteo platypterus 6 Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus 7 Rufescent Screech-Owl 1 1 H Megascops ingens colombianus 1 Crested Owl 1 1 Lophostrix cristata 8 Cloud-Forest Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium marshalli 9 Andean Pygmy-Owl 1 1 H Glaucidium jardinii 6 Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata 3 Black-and-white Owl Ciccaba nigrolineata 1 Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus 14 Golden-headed Quetzal 2 2 Pharomachrus auriceps 2 Crested Quetzal Pharomachrus antisianus 12 Blue-tailed (Chocó) Trogon 3 2 Trogon comptus 14 (Western) White-tailed Trogon 1 2 Trogon chionurus 1 Gartered (N. Violaceous) Trogon Trogon caligatus 1 Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus 6 Collared Trogon Trogon collaris 17 Masked Trogon 1 1 Trogon personatus 17 Rufous Motmot 1 2 Baryphthengus martii 12 Broad-billed Motmot 1 1 Electron platyrhynchum 6 Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WINGS ● 1643 N. Alvernon Way Ste. 109 ● Tucson ● AZ ● 85712 ● www.wingsbirds.com (866) 547 9868 Toll free US + Canada ● Tel (520) 320-9868 ● Fax (520) 320 9373 Cumulative Checklist… 5 5 Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana 2 White-necked Puffbird Notharchus hyperrhynchus 3 Barred Puffbird 2 2 Nystalus radiatus 3 White-whiskered Puffbird Malicoptila panamensis 1 Lanceolated Monklet Micromonacha lanceolata 11 Rufous-tailed Jacamar 1 2 Galbula ruficauda 10 Orange-fronted Barbet Capito squamatus 16 Red-headed Barbet 4 3 Eubucco bourcierii 17 Toucan Barbet 2 2 Semnornis ramphastinus 16 Crimson-rumped Toucanet 1 3 Aulacorhynchus haematopygus 17 Plate-billed Mountain-Toucan 2 4 Andigena laminirostris 17 Collared (Pale-mandibled) Araçari 3 5 Pteroglossus torquatus erythropygius 17 Yellow-throated Toucan 2 4 Ramphastos ambiguus swainsoni 17 Chocó Toucan 3 5 Ramphastos brevis 10 Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus 16 Black-cheeked Woodpecker 1 3 Melanerpes pucherani 14 Smoky-brown Woodpecker 1 1 Picoides fumigatus 8 Red-rumped Woodpecker Venilliornis kirkii 3 Scarlet-backed Woodpecker Veniliornis callonotus 1 Yellow-vented Woodpecker Veniliornis dignus 3 Bar-bellied Woodpecker Veniliornis nigriceps 1 Choco Woodpecker Veniliornis chocoensis 9 Powerful Woodpecker 1 2 Campephilus pollens 2 Crimson-bellied Woodpecker Campephilus haematogaster 15 Guayaquil Woodpecker 1 1 Campephilus gayaquilensis 15 Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus 9 Cinnamon Woodpecker 1 3 Celeus loricatus 17 Golden-olive Woodpecker 1 2 Colaptes
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    January1986] ShortCommunications 227 shortcomingof the modal method is that it estimates -, & J. T. EMLEN. 1966. A technique for record- only the direction of activity and gives no indication ing migratory orientation of captive birds. Auk of the scatterof hopping, whereas the traditional 83: 361-367. method indicates the degree of concentration of a HAMILTONßW. J., III. 1966. Analysis of bird navi- bird's hopping (mean vector length, r). This is not gationexperiments. Pp. 147-178in Systemsanal- often a major problem becausemost recent studies ysis in ecology (K. E. F. Watt, Ed.). New York, have relied on second-orderanalyses of mean direc- Academic Press. tions that ignore the mean vector lengths. Indeed, at MARDIA, K. V. 1972. Statistics of directional data. this point the biological meaning of the dispersion New York, Academic Press. of a bird's hoppingactivity is not clearand is in part MOORE,F. R. 1985. Individual variability in the mi- a reflection of the idiosyncraciesof individual birds gratory orientation of the Savannah Sparrow, (Wiltschko and Wiltschko 1978, Moore 1985). Passerculussandwichensis. Z. Tierpsychol. 67: 144- 153. LITERATURE CITED RABOL,J. 1969. Orientation of autumn migrating Garden Warblers (Sylvia borin) after displace- BATSCHELET,E. 1978. Second-order statistical anal- ment from western Denmark (Blfivand) to east- ysisof directions.Pp. 3-24 in Animal migration, ern Sweden (Ottenby). A preliminary experi- navigation, and homing (K. Schmidt-Koenig and ment. Dansk Ornithol. Foren. Tids. 63: 93-104. W. T. Keeton, Eds.).Berlin, Springer-Verlag. 1970. Transformationof colour degreesto 1981. Circular statisticsin biology. New number of jumps using the Emlen orientation York, Academic Press.
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    Peru: from the Cusco Andes to the Manu

    The critically endangered Royal Cinclodes - our bird-of-the-trip (all photos taken on this tour by Pete Morris) PERU: FROM THE CUSCO ANDES TO THE MANU 26 JULY – 12 AUGUST 2017 LEADERS: PETE MORRIS and GUNNAR ENGBLOM This brand new itinerary really was a tour of two halves! For the frst half of the tour we really were up on the roof of the world, exploring the Andes that surround Cusco up to altitudes in excess of 4000m. Cold clear air and fantastic snow-clad peaks were the order of the day here as we went about our task of seeking out a number of scarce, localized and seldom-seen endemics. For the second half of the tour we plunged down off of the mountains and took the long snaking Manu Road, right down to the Amazon basin. Here we traded the mountainous peaks for vistas of forest that stretched as far as the eye could see in one of the planet’s most diverse regions. Here, the temperatures rose in line with our ever growing list of sightings! In all, we amassed a grand total of 537 species of birds, including 36 which provided audio encounters only! As we all know though, it’s not necessarily the shear number of species that counts, but more the quality, and we found many high quality species. New species for the Birdquest life list included Apurimac Spinetail, Vilcabamba Thistletail, Am- pay (still to be described) and Vilcabamba Tapaculos and Apurimac Brushfnch, whilst other montane goodies included the stunning Bearded Mountaineer, White-tufted Sunbeam the critically endangered Royal Cinclodes, 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Peru: From the Cusco Andes to The Manu 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com These wonderful Blue-headed Macaws were a brilliant highlight near to Atalaya.
  • 21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic

    21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic

    version: 21 Sep 2018 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species, among 7 families, are brood parasites. The 5 species of brood parasitic “cowbirds” are currently all treated as members of the genus Molothrus. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection.
  • Bird) Species List

    Bird) Species List

    Aves (Bird) Species List Higher Classification1 Kingdom: Animalia, Phyllum: Chordata, Class: Reptilia, Diapsida, Archosauria, Aves Order (O:) and Family (F:) English Name2 Scientific Name3 O: Tinamiformes (Tinamous) F: Tinamidae (Tinamous) Great Tinamou Tinamus major Highland Tinamou Nothocercus bonapartei O: Galliformes (Turkeys, Pheasants & Quail) F: Cracidae Black Guan Chamaepetes unicolor (Chachalacas, Guans & Curassows) Gray-headed Chachalaca Ortalis cinereiceps F: Odontophoridae (New World Quail) Black-breasted Wood-quail Odontophorus leucolaemus Buffy-crowned Wood-Partridge Dendrortyx leucophrys Marbled Wood-Quail Odontophorus gujanensis Spotted Wood-Quail Odontophorus guttatus O: Suliformes (Cormorants) F: Fregatidae (Frigatebirds) Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens O: Pelecaniformes (Pelicans, Tropicbirds & Allies) F: Ardeidae (Herons, Egrets & Bitterns) Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis O: Charadriiformes (Sandpipers & Allies) F: Scolopacidae (Sandpipers) Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius O: Gruiformes (Cranes & Allies) F: Rallidae (Rails) Gray-Cowled Wood-Rail Aramides cajaneus O: Accipitriformes (Diurnal Birds of Prey) F: Cathartidae (Vultures & Condors) Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura F: Pandionidae (Osprey) Osprey Pandion haliaetus F: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles & Kites) Barred Hawk Morphnarchus princeps Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus Red-tailed