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Study on Ruminal and Reticular Foreign Bodies in Cattle Slaugthered at Boditii Municipal Abattoir, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

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Study on Ruminal and Reticular Foreign Bodies in Cattle Slaugthered at Boditii Municipal Abattoir, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 28 (2): 80-89, 2020 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2020 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2020.80.89 Study on Ruminal and Reticular Foreign Bodies in Cattle Slaugthered at Boditii Municipal Abattoir, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia 12Temesgen Zekarias, Tadewos Tantasa and 3Amanuel Ashebo 1Animal Health Researcher, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2Animal Health Expert, Livestock and Fisheries Development Office, Humbo, Wolayta Zone, Ethiopia 3Animal Health Expert, livestock and Fisheries Development Office Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda, Kembeta Tembaro Zone SNNPR, Tunto, Ethiopia Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to April, 2018 at Boditi Municipal Abattoir, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. With the objectives of to assess the prevalence and type of ruminal and reticular foreign bodies in cattle slaughtered at Boditi Municipal Abattoir. The study animals were selected by using systematic random sampling method from the total slaughtered animals. From the total of 514 male animals that were examined, 20.8% (n=107) were had foreign bodies at slaughter. When the prevalence was compared between breed, among different age groups, among different body condition score and animal originated from different areas, higher prevalence of foreign bodies 39.6%, 27.2%, 40.1%, 26.1% were observed in cross breed, old animals, animals having poor body condition and animals originate from Sodo, respectively. These factors are considered as potential risk factors and found highly significantly associated (P<0.05) with the occurrence of foreign bodies. The rumen harbored mostly non-metallic materials while reticulum was the major site for the retention of metallic objects. Plastics were recovered as the most common foreign bodies followed by fabrics, metallic, leathers and others. Therefore, appropriate solid waste disposal system need to implement in the study area to prevent health risk of ruminants and also to protect the environment. Key words: Foreign Bodies Indigestible Prevalence INTRODUCTION of the peoples [3]. Ethiopia is known for its high livestock population, being the first in Africa and tenth in Livestock are a source of high-quality protein (meat, the world [4]. milk and eggs) and also contribute to the economic Ethiopia has an enormous and diverse livestock welfare of people by providing hides, skins, fertilizer and population that plays an important role in the economy power of traction for agricultural purposes, increasing the and livelihoods of farmers and pastoralists with a total productivity of small holdings [1]. They are also a ‘living contribution of 15% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) savings bank’, serving as a financial reserve for periods and 33% of the agricultural output. Current estimates of of economic distress and crop failure and as a primary livestock population show that the total cattle population source of cash income [2]. In many developing countries, for the country is estimated to be about 57.83 million, like Ethiopia, domestic animals play a crucial role in they 28.89 million sheep, 29.70 million goats, 2.08 million constitute as source for traction power, income, in horses, 7.88 million donkeys, 1.23 million camels in provision of meat, milk, honey, eggs, cheese and butter Ethiopia [5]. Ethiopia is one of the countries with the supply provide mainly the needed animal protein that largest number of livestock in Africa and livestock contributes to the improvement of the nutritional status production plays a major role in the development of Corresponding Author: Temesgen Zekarias, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. P.O. Box: 2003. 80 Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 28 (2): 80-89, 2020 Ethiopia’s agriculture. And it has great potential for [19] and it allows leakage of ingesta and bacteria which increased livestock production, both for local use and for contaminates the peritoneal cavity, resulting in local or export. However, expansion was constrained by diffuse peritonitis is the swallowed objects can also inadequate nutrition, improper management, nutritional penetrate pleural cavity causing pleuritis and pneumonitis deficiencies, disease, lack of support services and and into the pericardial sac causing pericarditis [20]. inadequate information on how to improve animal The condition is serious in our country usually in breeding, marketing and processing [6]. urban and peri-urban areas where extensive building are The ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies in cattle carried out and proper plastic material disposal is no is a pathological condition of economic importance which conditioned and so thrown on roads and near the fence leads to severe economic losses as a result of high or anywhere and that is way our dairy cattle are dying morbidity and mortality rates [7, 8]. Because of their mainly associated with foreign bodies [21]. In Ethiopian indiscriminate feeding habits, cattle are known to ingest information regarding the magnitude and occurrence of and, at times, choke because of ingestion of different fore stomach foreign bodies is very limited and the types of indigestible materials referred to as foreign ruminants are kept under poor extensive farming system bodies [9]. Gastrointestinal foreign bodies are among the and they are more likely to be exposed to ingestion of most common cause of death in veterinary medicine. indigestible materials from different sources due to Sheep and goats are highly selective feeder and ingest high environmental contamination with plastic bags significantly less amount of foreign bodies as compared and other materials. The fact that rumen impaction by to cattle [10]. these foreign bodies is mainly asymptomatic in nature Cattle are more susceptible to foreign body syndrome and only diagnosed in live animals if the material is than small ruminants because they do not use their lips accumulated in large amount and thus, it can be for the prehension of food stuff and are more likely to eat adequately studied in abattoirs. Therefore, the objectives chopped feed; lack of oral discrimination in cattle may of this study were to assess the prevalence and type of lead to ingestion of foreign bodies would be rejected by ruminal and reticular foreign bodies in cattle slaughtered other species [11]. Animals with nutritional deficiencies at Boditi Municipal Abattoir. To correlate the frequency and unbalanced dietary habits lead to ingest various of foreign bodies with animal factors such as age, breed, types of foreign bodies deliberately. The indiscriminate body condition and origin of animals. feeding habits and mineral deficiency makes them susceptible to inadvertent ingestion of foreign materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS They are the root causes for various problems in different organ of the animals, mainly in rumen and reticulum [12]. Description of the Study Area: The study was conducted The Industrialization and mechanization of agriculture from November, 2017 to April, 2018 at Boditi Municipal have further increased the incidence of foreign bodies in Abattoir, Boditi town. Boditii is a town in Wolaita zone; the animals [13]. The disease of rumen and reticulum are southern Ethiopia and it is located at 365 km distance great economic importance because of severe losses on southwest of Addis Ababa. Wolaita zone is also one of productivity of the animals sometimes leading to the the administrative zones within the Southern Nations, death of the animals [7, 8]. Nationalities and Peoples Region. The Boditi abattoir is The ingestion of indigestible materials has been constructed in 1986 E.C by the collaboration of missioners associated with feed scarcity [14]. The ingestion of and Boditi town municipal house. Its site of location is in materials other than normal feed gets lodged in the rumen Boditi town near to the river named as Walaca River. and compromising the ruminal space and interfering with It gives a slaughtering service for the market and the normal physiological functions of the rumen [15]. butcher houses in the town. There are some residential This indigestible material hinders the process of people present near the abattoir. The compound of fermentation and mixing of contents leading to indigestion abattoir have a stable ground, well drained, free from [16]. The presence of foreign bodies in the rumen and flooding and wide enough to ensure future expansion reticulum also hampers the absorption of volatile fatty and good road for transportation. Its surrounding area acids and consequently reduction in the rate of animal was fenced with wood but some stray dogs can enter fattening [17, 18]. Traumatic reticulo peritonitis develops easily to the abattoir. It has approximately three karemeter as a consequence of perforation of the wall of reticulum area of land. 81 Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 28 (2): 80-89, 2020 The town has a latitude and longitude of 37°52'E and score prior to slaughter. Age was determined based on 6.967°N, respectively, with an elevation of 2050 meters dental eruption as previously described by Pace and above sea level. It the administrative center of Damot Wakeman [23]. Body condition was evaluated based on Gale woreda, one of the twelve woredas (districts) in the scores ranging from Score 1 (physically thin), 2(medium) Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region of and 3(fat) were described by Pruitt [24]. After slaughter Ethiopia. As part of the Wolayita zone, Damot Gale is the rumen and reticulum was removed
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