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Master's Thesis Template Word The challenges in installation of offshore wind farms A case of Lillgrund and Anholt wind farms Master’s thesis in Design and Construction Project Management ISSA IBRAHIM HABAKURAMA JOSEPH BALUKU Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2016 MASTER’S THESIS BOMX02-16-104 The challenges in installation of offshore wind farms A case of Lillgrund and Anholt wind farms Master’s Thesis in the Master’s Programme Design and Construction Project Management ISSA IBRAHIM HABAKURAMA JOSEPH BALUKU Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Construction Management Construction Management CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2016 The challenges in installation of offshore wind farms A case of Lillgrund and Anholt wind farms Master’s Thesis in the Master’s Programme Design and Construction Project Management ISSA IBRAHIM HABAKURAMA JOSEPH BALUKU © ISSA IBRAHIM HABAKURAMA, JOSEPH BALUKU 2016 Examensarbete BOMX02-16-104 / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola 2016 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Construction Management Construction Management Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone: + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Göteborg, Sweden, 2016 I The challenges in installation of offshore wind farms A case of Lillgrund and Anholt wind farms Master’s thesis in the Master’s Programme Design and Construction Project Management ISSA IBRAHIM HABAKURAMA JOSEPH BALUKU Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Construction Management Construction Management Chalmers University of Technology ABSTRACT Wind energy is one of the rapidly growing sources of energy due low emissions resulting from its use. The energy can be harnessed both onshore and offshore. There is however, a growing interest in developing offshore wind resources owing in part to the large energy resources available offshore and availability of development space. Offshore wind energy is however more expensive than other energy sources due to the large capital expended during wind farm development. The construction of offshore wind farm can either be successful or unsuccessful since it encounters many challenges throughout its construction processes. Installation of offshore wind turbines is one process among others in wind farm construction and it is conducted under several phases. The aim of this thesis was to identify the constraints and challenges encountered during the installation phase of offshore wind turbines with specific focus on the Baltic Sea region. Offshore wind farm installation was considered as operation. Consequently the theories on operations management, operations strategy, supply chain as well concepts on offshore windfarm development were used for this study. A qualitative approach was applied for the research and data was collected from six interviews conducted with professionals that were involved in installation of Anholt and Lillgrund offshore wind farms. The analysis of collected data showed that installation challenges exist and can either be due to nature such as sea bed and weather conditions or technical issues related to equipment, planning, technology and working methodology. In attempts to increase power generation wind turbine components are becoming bigger and heavier and the wind farms increasingly being located further from shore. As the components size and distance from shore increase the installation challenges also increase. Therefore, developers and contractors have to continuously develop processes and equipment to overcome the expected challenges. Key words: offshore wind turbine, challenges in offshore projects, offshore vessels, supply chain, operations management, wind farm. CHALMERS Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis BOMX02-16-104 I Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. II CHALMERS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis BOMX02-16-104 Contents ABSTRACT I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V LIST OF FIGURES VI LIST OF TABLES VII 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Aim and Objectives 2 1.2 Scope 2 1.3 Methodology 2 2 TRENDS IN WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT 7 2.1 Wind turbine development 7 2.2 Wind turbine farm layout 8 2.3 Wind turbine components 8 3 WIND FARM PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES 10 3.1 Main steps in the planning and realisation of offshore wind farms 10 4 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 12 4.1 Construction operation processes 12 4.2 Elements of operation strategy 12 4.2.1 Capacity strategy 13 4.2.2 Supply network strategy including procurement and logistics 14 4.2.3 Development and organisation 16 4.2.4 Process technology strategy 17 4.3 Summary of theoretical framework 17 5 WIND TURBINE TRANSPORTATION AND INSTALLATION PROCESS 18 5.1 Means of transportation 18 5.1.1 Transportation vessels 18 5.2 Foundation installation 19 5.2.1 Mono pile foundations 20 5.2.2 Gravity based foundations (GBF) 20 5.3 Turbine installation 21 5.4 Electric cable installation 22 CHALMERS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis BOMX02-16-104 III 5.5 Offshore substation 23 6 RESULTS 24 6.1 General challenges in installation process 24 6.1.1 Installation vessels 24 6.1.2 Personnel and regulatory limitations 24 6.1.3 Installation harbours 24 6.1.4 Health and safety challenges 25 6.1.5 Weather conditions 25 6.1.6 Water depth and distance to the offshore wind farms 26 6.1.7 Component weight 27 6.1.8 Component logistics and transport 27 6.1.9 Sea bed conditions 27 6.2 Project description and installation process 28 6.2.1 Lillgrund project description 28 6.2.2 Lillgrund installation process 30 6.2.3 Anholt project description 34 6.2.4 Anholt installation process 36 6.3 Specific Installation Challenges 42 6.3.1 Lillgrund specific challenges 42 6.3.2 Anholt specific challenges 43 6.3.3 Cross-cutting challenges 45 7 DISCUSSION 47 8 CONCLUSION 51 9 REFERENCES 52 IV CHALMERS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis BOMX02-16-104 Acknowledgments We would like to first and foremost express our gratitude to the Swedish Institute which provided the financial support for the masters studies that culminated into this thesis work. We shall forever be grateful for this opportunity. We also express our gratitude to our supervisors Professor Christian Koch and Alexandre Mathern for the support and guidance rendered to us during the course of this thesis. Our gratitude is also extended to Pernilla Gluch, the Msc. Design and construction project management program director for effective coordination. Special thanks go to the Managers who took time off their schedules to conduct interviews and provide data related to offshore wind farms. Finally, we would like to thank our family members for their encouragement during our stay in Sweden. CHALMERS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis BOMX02-16-104 V List of Figures Figure 1: Typical wind farm components and their layout ................................................... 8 Figure 2: Typical wind turbine components .............................................................................. 9 Figure 3: Material flow process for the installation of offshore wind farms ................. 16 Figure 4: Typical monopile and gravity foundation structure respectively ................... 19 Figure 5: Installation methodologies for turbines ................................................................. 21 Figure 6: Lillgrund project location .......................................................................................... 29 Figure 7: Transportation of foundations .................................................................................. 30 Figure 8: Installation of foundation ........................................................................................... 31 Figure 9: Transportation of turbine components ................................................................... 32 Figure 10: Turbine Installation ................................................................................................... 33 Figure 11: Substation installation .............................................................................................. 34 Figure 12: Anholt wind farm location ....................................................................................... 35 Figure 13: Lifting monopile at Grenaa ..................................................................................... 37 Figure 14: Driving monopile foundation into seabed ........................................................... 38 Figure 15: Loading turbine components .................................................................................. 39 Figure 16: Installation of turbine components ....................................................................... 40 Figure 17: Lifting and installation of Anholt substation ...................................................... 41 VI CHALMERS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis BOMX02-16-104 List of Tables Table 1: Existing wind farms constructed between 2005 and 2015 in the Baltic Sea ... 4 Table 2: Planned offshore wind farms in Baltic Sea ............................................................... 4 Table 3: Lillgrund Project facts .................................................................................................. 29 Table 4: Anholt Project facts ........................................................................................................ 35 Table 5: Key dates and
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