DOCSLIB.ORG

The Emergence of British Imperialism on the Coromandel Coast Through

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Emergence of British Imperialism on the Coromandel Coast Through International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2625–2629 The Emergence Of British Imperialism On The Coromandel Coast Through Defensive Architecture 1Mr .P.Arumugasamy, Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of History, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-605 602 , 2Dr. Hameed Basha.B, Assistant professor, Department of History, Arignar Anna Government Arts College (Deputed from Annamalai University), Villupuram-605 608, Introduction European countries were fascinated over the spices which prevalent in India and its nearby islands. These regions has been renowned as ‘spice islands’ in south Asia, acted as the lucrative market in 16th and 17th century A.D. Yesteryear, the spice were traded via silk routes (land route) from Asia to Europe. In 1453 A.D, a trading center or hub was captured by the ottoman Turks which shutdown the Europeans trading activities. At the time, Europeans have using the spices for enormously would leads huge demand in Europe. Henceforth, European countries have tried to find a new route to reach India by their ships. On the historic path five Europeans countries, (especially geographically situated in Atlantic Ocean) like Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, British and French, have planned and proceed to identify the shortest route for India. In this battle English descended later while Portuguese, Dutch, and Danish constructed their prominent position there. However, British come almost last to fulfill the spice needs by its country. Once they came to India for trade but they get the great chance to emergence their kingdom in India. Finally, British dominated the entire world by its policies, administrative capabilities, and wise Governors. In the beginning of 20th century Great Britain was consisted roughly 10 million square miles territory and approximately 400 million people to its overseas empire. 1This tremendous achievement may grasp the British by its imperialistic policy, which implemented on colonial approach. On the territorial expansion British founding its empire by erecting trading post, factories, then forts, finally expanding fortified cities. All the move were had been aiming to establish their trading activated in India, with competed other European countries. While made their settlement all over India, especially coastal regions which helpful for trading activities. 1.First Author 2.Corresponding Author On the phenomenon, British established their defensive architectures for production from native rulers or Europeans. Those who have erected the strategic important architecture might be help for survival and development. This study has focused how the defensive architecture helps to emerge the British imperialist policy on Coromandel Coast. Also this study has find out the relationship between the defensive architecture and imperialism on India, especially Coromandel Coast. Imperialism Imperialism and colonialism are often used as interchangeable terms as there is a lot of common ground between them. In modern dialect, the imperialism means to dominate the physical, cultural and intellectual subjects to the other countries. The term ‘imperialism’ etymologically resembles parental term of empire. The empire means to dominate the entire region either one country or more. Perhaps, imperialism might be the enlarge concept of colonialism.2 The ‘word’ imperialism was prominently used 2625 ISSN: 2005-4289 IJDRBC Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2625–2629 in the starting of the nineteenth century to describe the process by which a state either acquired formal jurisdiction over another people or gained substantial influence over their political, economic, and social affairs. However, the policy of Imperialism may begin in the before the 18th century. From the late 1800s through the early 1900s, Western Europe pursued of policy of imperialism that became known as New Imperialism. While European countries were efforts to find a direct trade route to Asia during the age of old imperialism. From the development and growth of the British Empire occurred over many centuries. It is difficult of be precise about the dates without first defining what is to be included under the category of imperial expansion.3 European nations have established colonies in America, India, South Africa and the East Indies. The way of Empire ‘worked’ also defined imperialism.4 The territories of the British of the British Empire were protected by the world’s largest navy. Its sea-lanes, the arteries of trade, were filled with a vast merchant fleet. As British influence expanded overseas this process continue on a larger scale and the acquisitions of an empire became an important feature of British identify. Britain’s rapid acquisitions of extensive territories in Africa and Asia in the late nineteenth century appeared to be a sudden and radical departure from its preference for informal influence. Perhaps, India might be the important and influential of Britain’s imperial possessions in the world. As such, it does not fall neatly into the categories of the ‘old’ or ‘new’ imperialist. The British East India Company gained control of India during the eighteenth century by its policies and ideologies. As Britain’s first major imperial possession to have a non- European majority, India become the administrative model for British holdings in Africa and other parts of Asia. It would have been impossible to conquer and administer millions of people living in such a vast expanse of territory without the tacit assistance of at least a small segment of the Indian population. Moreover, Britain spread India’s peoples, products, and cultures around the globe, and in much way the resulting overseas empire was almost as Indian as it was British Thus India serves as an excellent model of the impact of imperialism on both non-European peoples and the Births themselves. Penetration of British on India India have consisted with largest coast line which helps to involve the trading activates easier for Europeans. Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese sailor found the easy and shortest route to India triggered the Europeans to complete their wish. India’s wealth and spices attracted the Europeans to made trading actively. A group of merchants from London formed a corporate company called “Governor and Company of merchants of London trading to the East Indies”, simply renowned as East India company (EIC) decided to trade with India, while applying permission to Queen Elizabeth II, and received the royal charter on December 31, 1600 A.D.5 Firstly, they reached India by a ship called ‘Hector’, at Surat, a western coast of India in 1608. Secondly they established their trading activities all over the coast of India gradually. Finally, a company’s ship named ‘Globe’ registered their visit in first time at Coromandel Coast, via Cape Comorin.6 While they crossed Cape Comorin, other Europeans have established their settlements in Coromandel viz., San Thome, Pulicot, Dansborg, and Pondicherry by Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, and French respectively. Coromandel Coast Indian coasts are classified into three major heads like eastern, western and Southern. The western coast called as Arabian Sea, eastern coast renowned as Bay of Bengal, and southern ocean called as Indian Ocean. The western coast’s subdivided into two parts, northern and southern, northern circa and Coromandel respectively. The Coromandel Coast is a term which applied to the eastern Coast of the peninsula of India. The word means ‘the realm of Chora’.Portugues, who enter the Indian coastline firstly, used the name Coromandel by their documents and maps. The East India Company adopted it in their official documents. Their consultation books and diaries were thus inscribed, ‘The Diary and consultation Books of the Agent Governor and council; their proceedings and transactions for the affairs of the 2626 ISSN: 2005-4289 IJDRBC Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2625–2629 honorable East India company in the agency of the coast of Chormandel and the Bay of Bengal”.7 A circumvent the hegemony of the Mughals and issues of Marathas, British moved to settled southern part of India. Indeed, their choice would be Coromandel Coast, which ruled native Hindu king called Venkatanayaka. An avoiding the interference of the kingdom, and made possibility of the trading British has enthusiastically settled in Coromandel. Coromandel was much famous for its goods like spices, clothes like calicoes and painting muslins.8 In a gradual development of the British have started their trading post, factories and made defensive architecture in and around the Coromandel Coast. However, some of the settlements failed to fulfill their wish. Earlier Aramagon, British have established their settlements northern part of Coromandel. Then they established another settlement in Masulipatam, might be acted as principal factory in the Coromandel Coast on 1639 A.D.9 Defensive Architecture The terms relating to forts and fortifications classifies into several names like fort, fortified city, fortified factory, fortified port, fortress, ramparts and walls, parapet, Marlon, embrasure, Machicolations, gate/gateway, bastions, the citadel, main fort, secondary fort and outpost.10 The defensive architecture primarily called as fort, means which construction specially designed for defense of a particular place against the forces of enemies. Forts
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The French Connection: Indian Cottons, Their Early Modern Technology and Diffusion
    The French Connection: Indian Cottons, Their Early Modern Technology and Diffusion George Bryan Souza* Asia’s production of cotton and silk textiles, porcelain and the refining of base metals, zinc in particular, in the early modern period were more advanced than the rest of the world. Fundamental to Asia’s success and superiority in textile production was the technology employed by artisans in the selection of raw materials and the techniques used in their application and presentation. Before Europe could diverge technically from other parts of the globe, European textile manufacture had to converge through the acquisition and incorporation of new materials and technical knowledge from other parts of the globe, especially from India and China1 or, alternatively, through new or incremental advances in technical knowledge, production processes, machines, and apparatus. Cotton a vegetable fiber was “one of the most difficult fibers to dye,” “unlike animal fibers such as silk and wool, which can accept most natural dyes with ‘comparative’ ease, inherent properties * University of Texas, San Antonio, USA. Email: [email protected] . Not to be cited or quoted without the author’s written permission. 1 For a preliminary discussion of convergence, which is not viewed as being exclusively determined by prices, see: George Bryan Souza, “Convergence before Divergence: Global Maritime Economic History and Material Culture,” The International Journal of Maritime History, 17:1 (2005): 17-27. For Europe’s divergence in the early nineteenth century from China and other areas of the world, see: Kenneth Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Assorted Variety of Genuine Mangrove and Their Partners in East Drift Locale
    International Journal of Botany Studies International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 3; Issue 5; September 2018; Page No. 20-24 Assorted variety of genuine mangrove and their partners in east drift locale of Pichavaram Tamil Nadu India and improve to change of mangrove plants, and its remedial properties with a mangrove knowledgebase Kumaravel S1, Vinoth R2, Ranganathan R3* 1-3 Division of mangrove physiology lab, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Mangroves are embraced with exceptional adjustment to outrageous conditions in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. It has a rich wellspring of auxiliary metabolites. The present investigation centres the assorted variety status examination of genuine mangroves and their partners in pichavaram and its environment. By guide field perception and examining to adjacent occupants. From the perception the decent variety level fluctuates starting with one place then onto the next, because of some natural factors, for example, atmospheres, tidal variables, shortage of learning about mangroves to the informed and town people groups and anthropogenic weights and so on it can instigate mangrove assorted variety harm and misfortune, decrease the human important items which is gotten from mangrove timberland. Must know the exact information from past examines, researchers, logical fields like morphology, life structures, physiology, Scientific classification, Biology, development stages, proliferation levels, and so on. Comprehend between the living space factors and propensity nature can help to dispersing by species required situations, it can normally incite self-insurance level high in plants itself.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dutch East Indies Company - the First 100 Years Transcript
    The Dutch East Indies Company - The First 100 Years Transcript Date: Wednesday, 1 March 2006 - 12:00AM Location: Barnard's Inn Hall THE HISTORY OF THE DUTCH EAST INDIES COMPANY Dr Thomas Crump Lecture 1: Wednesday 1 March 2006 The history of the Dutch East India Company, founded in 1602 and declared bankrupt in 1799, spans almost the whole of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. For much of this time it was the world’s largest trading company, owning, at the height of its wealth and power, more than half the world’s sea-going shipping – with its characteristic ship, the ‘fluyt’, also being produced for the merchant marines of other countries, including England. It was known internationally by its distinctive VOC monogram, the initials standing for ‘Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie’ – or simply the United East India Company. Those who organized it did not find it necessary to add that it was ‘Dutch’ – in the commercial world of its time no-one needed to be told that, and indeed, at the beginning of the seventeenth century ‘Dutch’ was only beginning to be identified with an independent state. The VOC played not only a key role in the history of the Netherlands, but also in that of the other states in which it was involved, from England, France, Spain and Portugal in Europe, to any number of principalities, sultanates and empires along the coasts of Asia, going as far as Japan and China, and including most of the coasts of India, Ceylon, Malaya and what is now Indonesia, to say nothing of the odd port of call in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Profile
    INDUSTRIAL PROFILE OF UNION TERRITORY OF PUDUCHERRY 2014-15 Complied by MSME - Development Institute, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India, 65/1. G S T Road, Guindy, Chennai - 600032 Ph: 044 – 22501011, 12 & 13. Fax 044- 22501014 Website:www.msmedi-chennai.gov.in, e-mail: [email protected] C O N T E N T S.No TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. General Characteristics 1 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 1 1.2 Topography 2 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 2 1.4 Forest 2 1.5 Administrative set up 2 2. U.T of Puducherry - at a Glance 3 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Areas in UT of Puducherry 6 3 Industrial Scenario of UT of Puducherry 7 3.1 Industries at a Glance at Puducherry 7 3.2 Industries at a Glance at Karaikal 7 3.3 Year Wise Trend of Units Registered at Puducherry 8 3.4 Year Wise Trend of Units Registered at Karaikal 8 3.5 Details Of Existing MSEs & Artisan Units (2013-14) 9 3.6 Details Of Existing MSEs & Artisan Units (2014-15) 10 3.7 Large Scale Industries/Public Sector undertaking 11 3.8 Major Exportable Items 10 3.9 Growth Trend in UT of Puducherry 14 3.10 Vendorisation / Ancillarisation of the Industry 14 3.11 Medium Scale Enterprises 15 4. Service Enterprises 17 4.1 Potential for New MSMEs 18 5 Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprises 18 6. General issues raised by Industrial Associations 19 7 Steps to Set up MSMEs 19 Addresses of various Licensing Agencies and 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Annexure-District Survey Report
    3/6/2017 Home TamilNadu Map Cuddalore District Profile Print CUDDALORE DISTRICT PROFILE • Cuddalore district is bounded by Villuppuram district in the north and northwest, Perambalur district in the southwest, and Ariyalur and Nagapattinam districts in the South and Bay of Bengal in the east. • Cuddalore district lies between 11º09'00’’N to 11º53'00’’ N Latitude, 78º52'00’’E to 79º51’00’’E Longitude and has an areal extent of 3706 sq.km • There are 13 Blocks, 683 Villages and 3639 Habitations in the District. Physiography and Drainage: • Cuddalore district being a coastal zone is mostly covered by plain terrain, without any high relief zone except some sedimentary high ground in Virudhachalam, Cuddalore and Panruti blocks. Rainfall: : Acutal Rainfall in mm Normal Rainfall in mm 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1461.4 883.20 977.7 1218.1 1705.7 1206.7 Geology: Rock Type Geological Formation Sandstone, Conglomerate, Sedimentary Rock 90% Gneiss, Charnockite, Marine Hard Rock 10 % deposits and Alluvium Hydrogeology: Type of aquifer Fairly thick but discontinuous confined to semi confined aquifers. Alluvium Tertiary Hard rock Aquifer parameters Well yield in lpm 150 Hard rock 60­120 Transmissivity (T) m 2 /day 98 46­134 16­160 Permeability (K) m/day 19.7 16­33 5 – 20 Sp. capacity. lpm/m­d 208 78.17 27­224 Ground Water Level:: The Ground Water levels from the 42 number of observation wells of TWAD have been analysed for Post­Monsoon and Pre­ Monsoon. Since 1991, average Ground water level in m Below Ground Level for pre and post monsoon is as follows: 1/3 3/6/2017 Sustainability:: With a view to enhance the Sustainability of the drinking water sources, recharge structures are being implemented by TWAD Board under various State and Central Government assistances.
    [Show full text]
  • UT of Puducherry 2012-13
    1 G o v e r n m e n t o f I n d i a M i n i s t r y o f M S M E Brief Industrial Profile of Karaikal District UT of Puducherry 2012-13 Carried out by M S M E - D e v e l o p m e n t I n s t i t u t e (Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India,) Phone: Tel: 22501785(Director), 22501011-2-3. Fax: – Fax: 044-22501014 e-mail: [email protected] Web- : www.msmedi-chennai.gov.in 2 Contents S. No. Topic 1. General Characteristics of the District 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 1.2 Topography 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 1.4 Forest 2. District at a glance 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Area in the District Karaikal 3. Industrial Scenario Of Karaikal 3.1 Industry at a Glance 3.2 Year Wise Trend Of Units Registered 3.3 Details Of Existing Micro & Small Enterprises & Artisan Units In The District 3.4 Large Scale Industries / Public Sector undertakings 3.5 Major Exportable Item 3.6 Growth Trend 3.7 Vendorisation / Ancillarisation of the Industry 3.8 Medium Scale Enterprises 3.8.1 List of the units in Karaikal & near by Area 3.8.2 Major Exportable Item 3.9 Service Enterprises 3.9.1 Potentials areas for service industry 3.10 Potential for new MSMEs 4. Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprise 4.1 Detail Of Major Clusters 4.1.1 Manufacturing Sector 4.1.2 Service Sector 4.2 Details of Identified cluster 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Itinerary Breakfast (L) Lunch (D) Dinner Where Applicable, Destinations Are Listed with Their Current Names Followed by Names During Colonial Rule
    SOUTH INDIA'S HERITAGE IN FOCUS COROMANDEL COAST AND FORMER FRENCH COLONIAL INDIA FEBRUARY 1 - 15, 2019 PHOTO: ENTRANCE TO BRIHADISHVARA TEMPLE, PART OF THE GREAT LIVING CHOLA TEMPLES, A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE A TWO-WEEK LEARNING TOUR EXPLORING CULTURAL, ARCHITECTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE IN PONDICHERRY AND TAMIL NADU STAYING IN PREMIERE HOTELS AND HERITAGE PROPERTIES VALUE PRICED AT $3999 FOR DOUBLE OCCUPANCY, $1455 SINGLE SUPPLEMENT REGISTER TODAY AT: http://bit.ly/UOIndiaReservation (address is case sensitive) PHOTO: R. KUPPUSAMY, A 9TH GENERATION SHADOW PUPPETEER PERFORMING AT PONDICHERRY HERITAGE FESTIVAL, 2018 TOUR OVERVIEW Learn about communities, cultures, cuisines, and nature on this incredible two-week educational journey focusing on the former French Colony of Pondicherry and surrounding areas along India's Coromandel Coast. Students, administrators, and grassroots activists will lend context to our experience and discussion of heritage as we explore this beautiful yet often overlooked area and take part in Pondicherry's annual heritage festival. During the tour, enjoy walking tours of Pondicherry's heritage architecture with extra time for shopping and strolling the lovely bougainvillea-lined lanes. In the mornings, enjoy sunrise walks along the promenade and yoga classes or opt to take your time starting the day. In the evenings, enjoy local music, dance and storytelling programs offered as part of the Heritage Festival. Throughout the tour, you will get to relish a variety of Indian and European cuisines at quaint local restaurants and even take an Indian cooking class! The tour will visit UNESCO World Heritage sites associated with ancient Indian dynasties and you will get to meet families of sculptors, bronze casters and painters associated with these places and their centuries-old traditions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Architectural and Cultural Heritage of Chidambaram Nataraja Temple - a Study
    © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) THE ARCHITECTURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF CHIDAMBARAM NATARAJA TEMPLE - A STUDY Dr. P. Selvamani Assistant Professor Department of History Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608002. The celebrated Nataraja temple at Chidambaram or Tillai as it is otherwise called, of Cuddalore District in Tamil Nadu is too well known to all.1 Chidambaram, known from time immemorial as ‘Koyil’ (the temple) has also other names such as Sitrambalam, Puliyur, Chitrakoota, Perumbarapuliyur, Pundareekapuram.2 From the early beginning of the origin of the Nataraja temple at Chidambaram, the most famed of five southern temples dedicated to Siva, represent Him as the deity of five elements – Earth (Kanchipuram) Water (Thiruvannaikkal), Fire (Tiruvannamalai), Air (Kalahasthi) and Ether (Chidambaram). At Chidambaram, Siva is represented as the element of Ether (Akasha).3 Chidambaram is the centre of the Saivite cult. The temple complex covers a vast area and is located in the centre of the city. The name is derived from the most important portion of the Nataraja temple, called ‘Chit-Ambala’ meaning the ‘atmosphere of wisdom’, or Mystic Hall.4 This concedes within itself the secret symbol of God. When a veil over a semi-circular doorway in the ‘sanctum sanctorum’ is parted, it reveals more ‘ethereal space’ - symbolic of Siva in His manifestation of the “Formless Form” in “invisible presence” - a profound indication of a solution to the mystery of life, which is explained in one word - “Nothingness”.5 The temple is a perfect synthesis of two concepts - Siva as the cosmic dancer and Siva as “Akasha Linga” totally formless - “Chit-Ambaram” literally means the “Ether of Knowledge”.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Mangroves and Their Associates in Pichavaram Mangrove Forest
    R. Ranganathan et al., IJSIT, 2018, 7(2), 176-182 SURVEY OF MANGROVES AND THEIR ASSOCIATES IN PICHAVARAM MANGROVE FOREST S. Kumaravel and R. Ranganathan* Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India – 608 002. ABSTRACT Mangroves are the most productive coastal ecosystems in the world. The Pichavaram mangrove forest is rich mangrove diversity in Tamil Nadu. The present survey was conducted in the Pichavaram mangrove forest including Killai, Pichavaram and T.S. Pettai. Totally 25 species were recorded in the study period including 12 mangroves and 13 mangrove associated plants. In Mangroves, Avicennia and Rhizophora species were found to be dominant species in Pichavaram mangrove forest. Six dominant associate species were found such as Suaeda maritima, Suaeda monoica, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Sesuvium portulacastrum. Xylocarpus mekongensis is an endangered species and it was recorded in a very few. The information generated from this study will serve as a baseline to develop adaptive management strategies in anticipation of sea-level rise, setting of conservation priorities, monitor, deforestation and forest degradation, improve terrestrial carbon accounting and quantify the role of mangrove forests in saving lives and property from natural disasters such as tsunamis. Key words: Mangroves, Associates, Avicennia, Rhizophora, Conservation. 176 IJSIT (www.ijsit.com), Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2018 R. Ranganathan et al., IJSIT, 2018, 7(2), 176-182 INTRODUCTION Mangroves are among the most productive coastal ecosystems in the world (Kathiresan et al., 2001). They are confined to the tropics and subtropics, which dominate approximately 75% of the world’s coastline between 25° N and 25° S and are estimated to cover an area of 1.7 to 2.0× 105 km2 (Borges et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts
    Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Imprint Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Publisher: German Museums Association Contributing editors and authors: Working Group on behalf of the Board of the German Museums Association: Wiebke Ahrndt (Chair), Hans-Jörg Czech, Jonathan Fine, Larissa Förster, Michael Geißdorf, Matthias Glaubrecht, Katarina Horst, Melanie Kölling, Silke Reuther, Anja Schaluschke, Carola Thielecke, Hilke Thode-Arora, Anne Wesche, Jürgen Zimmerer External authors: Veit Didczuneit, Christoph Grunenberg Cover page: Two ancestor figures, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea, about 1900, © Übersee-Museum Bremen, photo: Volker Beinhorn Editing (German Edition): Sabine Lang Editing (English Edition*): TechniText Translations Translation: Translation service of the German Federal Foreign Office Design: blum design und kommunikation GmbH, Hamburg Printing: primeline print berlin GmbH, Berlin Funded by * parts edited: Foreword, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Background Information 4.4, Recommendations 5.2. Category 1 Returning museum objects © German Museums Association, Berlin, July 2018 ISBN 978-3-9819866-0-0 Content 4 Foreword – A preliminary contribution to an essential discussion 6 1. Introduction – An interdisciplinary guide to active engagement with collections from colonial contexts 9 2. Addressees and terminology 9 2.1 For whom are these guidelines intended? 9 2.2 What are historically and culturally sensitive objects? 11 2.3 What is the temporal and geographic scope of these guidelines? 11 2.4 What is meant by “colonial contexts”? 16 3. Categories of colonial contexts 16 Category 1: Objects from formal colonial rule contexts 18 Category 2: Objects from colonial contexts outside formal colonial rule 21 Category 3: Objects that reflect colonialism 23 3.1 Conclusion 23 3.2 Prioritisation when examining collections 24 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 11: Exploration of the Americas
    Unit 11: Exploration of the Americas Name: ________________________________________ Teacher: _____________________________ IB/AP World History 9 Commack High School Please Note: You are responsible for all information in this packet, supplemental handouts provided in class as well as your homework, class webpage and class discussions. A Changing Map and Protection to the North Directions: As you read, look for advantages and disadvantages of the land controlled by each dynasty. When the Yuan dynasty ruled China, the Mongols controlled land that The early Ming emperors pushed the Mongols and other nomadic included their homeland to the north. Through trade routes they were tribes north and secured their borders. They reinforced and expanded connected to the rest of the Mongol empires that lay to the west and to the Great Wall of China (video) continuously throughout their the Middle East and Europe. Since the Mongols and their allies ruled dynasty’s reign. Much of the Great Wall as we know it today was most of central Asia, they had little need to reinforce their defenses and built during the Ming dynasty. did little to maintain the Great Wall. Source: http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/china-yuan-large.gif Source: http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/china-ming-large.gif 1. What is the difference between these two maps? 2. What advantages did the Yuan Dynasty gain from the land it 3. What advantages did the Ming Dynasty gain from the land it controlled? What disadvantage came from controlling this land? controlled? What disadvantage came from controlling this land? Voyages of Zheng He Source: Elisabeth Ellis and Anthony esler, World History: Connection to Today, Prentice Hall (adapted) from the NYS Global History and Geography Regents Examination, June 2004 Watch this excerpt from a History Channel Video on 4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Age of Exploration
    THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OE ART THE AGE OF EXPLORATION Pictures of explorers wko sought new routes for Eastern trade is found the 'Sf.i- World on the uay, of rulers who urged them on, of phies they visited & of the treasures they found in the East NEW YORK 1942 THE U.E OF EXPLORATION The exploration of the world has not been confined to any one period, but has been rather a continuous process of discovering and forgetting, of forming relationships and breaking them—relation- of conquest, of trade, of culture. Today, however, the period of expansion east and west, from the fifteenth through the iteenth century, it generally called the "Age of Exploration." This expansion grew out of the need of the countries of northern and urope to find .1 direct way of trading with the E; pices had been borne by caravan across the plains of Asia and carried bv ships through the Black or the Red Sea ur the Persian Gulf, finally reaching Mediterranean ports. But after the fall of the Roman empire long-distance commerce gradually c< n the knowl­ edge of distant lands grew dim; the belief that the world was round, common among educated men of Roman days, was almost forgotten, and geographers frightened mariners with descriptions of abysses at the world 'ilgrimi and crusaders, however, kept alive or r me knowledge of the nearer East, and the middle of the thirteenth century saw a brilliant, though brief, re­ vival of knowledge of the Orient. The Mongol emperort, who then ruled in China, Persia, and eastern Europe, had no strong re­ ligious bias, and encouraged foreign visitors and trade.
    [Show full text]