Itinerary Breakfast (L) Lunch (D) Dinner Where Applicable, Destinations Are Listed with Their Current Names Followed by Names During Colonial Rule
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The French Connection: Indian Cottons, Their Early Modern Technology and Diffusion
The French Connection: Indian Cottons, Their Early Modern Technology and Diffusion George Bryan Souza* Asia’s production of cotton and silk textiles, porcelain and the refining of base metals, zinc in particular, in the early modern period were more advanced than the rest of the world. Fundamental to Asia’s success and superiority in textile production was the technology employed by artisans in the selection of raw materials and the techniques used in their application and presentation. Before Europe could diverge technically from other parts of the globe, European textile manufacture had to converge through the acquisition and incorporation of new materials and technical knowledge from other parts of the globe, especially from India and China1 or, alternatively, through new or incremental advances in technical knowledge, production processes, machines, and apparatus. Cotton a vegetable fiber was “one of the most difficult fibers to dye,” “unlike animal fibers such as silk and wool, which can accept most natural dyes with ‘comparative’ ease, inherent properties * University of Texas, San Antonio, USA. Email: [email protected] . Not to be cited or quoted without the author’s written permission. 1 For a preliminary discussion of convergence, which is not viewed as being exclusively determined by prices, see: George Bryan Souza, “Convergence before Divergence: Global Maritime Economic History and Material Culture,” The International Journal of Maritime History, 17:1 (2005): 17-27. For Europe’s divergence in the early nineteenth century from China and other areas of the world, see: Kenneth Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000. -
The Dutch East Indies Company - the First 100 Years Transcript
The Dutch East Indies Company - The First 100 Years Transcript Date: Wednesday, 1 March 2006 - 12:00AM Location: Barnard's Inn Hall THE HISTORY OF THE DUTCH EAST INDIES COMPANY Dr Thomas Crump Lecture 1: Wednesday 1 March 2006 The history of the Dutch East India Company, founded in 1602 and declared bankrupt in 1799, spans almost the whole of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. For much of this time it was the world’s largest trading company, owning, at the height of its wealth and power, more than half the world’s sea-going shipping – with its characteristic ship, the ‘fluyt’, also being produced for the merchant marines of other countries, including England. It was known internationally by its distinctive VOC monogram, the initials standing for ‘Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie’ – or simply the United East India Company. Those who organized it did not find it necessary to add that it was ‘Dutch’ – in the commercial world of its time no-one needed to be told that, and indeed, at the beginning of the seventeenth century ‘Dutch’ was only beginning to be identified with an independent state. The VOC played not only a key role in the history of the Netherlands, but also in that of the other states in which it was involved, from England, France, Spain and Portugal in Europe, to any number of principalities, sultanates and empires along the coasts of Asia, going as far as Japan and China, and including most of the coasts of India, Ceylon, Malaya and what is now Indonesia, to say nothing of the odd port of call in Africa. -
Industrial Profile
INDUSTRIAL PROFILE OF UNION TERRITORY OF PUDUCHERRY 2014-15 Complied by MSME - Development Institute, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India, 65/1. G S T Road, Guindy, Chennai - 600032 Ph: 044 – 22501011, 12 & 13. Fax 044- 22501014 Website:www.msmedi-chennai.gov.in, e-mail: [email protected] C O N T E N T S.No TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. General Characteristics 1 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 1 1.2 Topography 2 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 2 1.4 Forest 2 1.5 Administrative set up 2 2. U.T of Puducherry - at a Glance 3 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Areas in UT of Puducherry 6 3 Industrial Scenario of UT of Puducherry 7 3.1 Industries at a Glance at Puducherry 7 3.2 Industries at a Glance at Karaikal 7 3.3 Year Wise Trend of Units Registered at Puducherry 8 3.4 Year Wise Trend of Units Registered at Karaikal 8 3.5 Details Of Existing MSEs & Artisan Units (2013-14) 9 3.6 Details Of Existing MSEs & Artisan Units (2014-15) 10 3.7 Large Scale Industries/Public Sector undertaking 11 3.8 Major Exportable Items 10 3.9 Growth Trend in UT of Puducherry 14 3.10 Vendorisation / Ancillarisation of the Industry 14 3.11 Medium Scale Enterprises 15 4. Service Enterprises 17 4.1 Potential for New MSMEs 18 5 Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprises 18 6. General issues raised by Industrial Associations 19 7 Steps to Set up MSMEs 19 Addresses of various Licensing Agencies and 8. -
UT of Puducherry 2012-13
1 G o v e r n m e n t o f I n d i a M i n i s t r y o f M S M E Brief Industrial Profile of Karaikal District UT of Puducherry 2012-13 Carried out by M S M E - D e v e l o p m e n t I n s t i t u t e (Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India,) Phone: Tel: 22501785(Director), 22501011-2-3. Fax: – Fax: 044-22501014 e-mail: [email protected] Web- : www.msmedi-chennai.gov.in 2 Contents S. No. Topic 1. General Characteristics of the District 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 1.2 Topography 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 1.4 Forest 2. District at a glance 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Area in the District Karaikal 3. Industrial Scenario Of Karaikal 3.1 Industry at a Glance 3.2 Year Wise Trend Of Units Registered 3.3 Details Of Existing Micro & Small Enterprises & Artisan Units In The District 3.4 Large Scale Industries / Public Sector undertakings 3.5 Major Exportable Item 3.6 Growth Trend 3.7 Vendorisation / Ancillarisation of the Industry 3.8 Medium Scale Enterprises 3.8.1 List of the units in Karaikal & near by Area 3.8.2 Major Exportable Item 3.9 Service Enterprises 3.9.1 Potentials areas for service industry 3.10 Potential for new MSMEs 4. Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprise 4.1 Detail Of Major Clusters 4.1.1 Manufacturing Sector 4.1.2 Service Sector 4.2 Details of Identified cluster 5. -
Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts
Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Imprint Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Publisher: German Museums Association Contributing editors and authors: Working Group on behalf of the Board of the German Museums Association: Wiebke Ahrndt (Chair), Hans-Jörg Czech, Jonathan Fine, Larissa Förster, Michael Geißdorf, Matthias Glaubrecht, Katarina Horst, Melanie Kölling, Silke Reuther, Anja Schaluschke, Carola Thielecke, Hilke Thode-Arora, Anne Wesche, Jürgen Zimmerer External authors: Veit Didczuneit, Christoph Grunenberg Cover page: Two ancestor figures, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea, about 1900, © Übersee-Museum Bremen, photo: Volker Beinhorn Editing (German Edition): Sabine Lang Editing (English Edition*): TechniText Translations Translation: Translation service of the German Federal Foreign Office Design: blum design und kommunikation GmbH, Hamburg Printing: primeline print berlin GmbH, Berlin Funded by * parts edited: Foreword, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Background Information 4.4, Recommendations 5.2. Category 1 Returning museum objects © German Museums Association, Berlin, July 2018 ISBN 978-3-9819866-0-0 Content 4 Foreword – A preliminary contribution to an essential discussion 6 1. Introduction – An interdisciplinary guide to active engagement with collections from colonial contexts 9 2. Addressees and terminology 9 2.1 For whom are these guidelines intended? 9 2.2 What are historically and culturally sensitive objects? 11 2.3 What is the temporal and geographic scope of these guidelines? 11 2.4 What is meant by “colonial contexts”? 16 3. Categories of colonial contexts 16 Category 1: Objects from formal colonial rule contexts 18 Category 2: Objects from colonial contexts outside formal colonial rule 21 Category 3: Objects that reflect colonialism 23 3.1 Conclusion 23 3.2 Prioritisation when examining collections 24 4. -
Unit 11: Exploration of the Americas
Unit 11: Exploration of the Americas Name: ________________________________________ Teacher: _____________________________ IB/AP World History 9 Commack High School Please Note: You are responsible for all information in this packet, supplemental handouts provided in class as well as your homework, class webpage and class discussions. A Changing Map and Protection to the North Directions: As you read, look for advantages and disadvantages of the land controlled by each dynasty. When the Yuan dynasty ruled China, the Mongols controlled land that The early Ming emperors pushed the Mongols and other nomadic included their homeland to the north. Through trade routes they were tribes north and secured their borders. They reinforced and expanded connected to the rest of the Mongol empires that lay to the west and to the Great Wall of China (video) continuously throughout their the Middle East and Europe. Since the Mongols and their allies ruled dynasty’s reign. Much of the Great Wall as we know it today was most of central Asia, they had little need to reinforce their defenses and built during the Ming dynasty. did little to maintain the Great Wall. Source: http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/china-yuan-large.gif Source: http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/china-ming-large.gif 1. What is the difference between these two maps? 2. What advantages did the Yuan Dynasty gain from the land it 3. What advantages did the Ming Dynasty gain from the land it controlled? What disadvantage came from controlling this land? controlled? What disadvantage came from controlling this land? Voyages of Zheng He Source: Elisabeth Ellis and Anthony esler, World History: Connection to Today, Prentice Hall (adapted) from the NYS Global History and Geography Regents Examination, June 2004 Watch this excerpt from a History Channel Video on 4. -
The Emergence of British Imperialism on the Coromandel Coast Through
International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2625–2629 The Emergence Of British Imperialism On The Coromandel Coast Through Defensive Architecture 1Mr .P.Arumugasamy, Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of History, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-605 602 , 2Dr. Hameed Basha.B, Assistant professor, Department of History, Arignar Anna Government Arts College (Deputed from Annamalai University), Villupuram-605 608, Introduction European countries were fascinated over the spices which prevalent in India and its nearby islands. These regions has been renowned as ‘spice islands’ in south Asia, acted as the lucrative market in 16th and 17th century A.D. Yesteryear, the spice were traded via silk routes (land route) from Asia to Europe. In 1453 A.D, a trading center or hub was captured by the ottoman Turks which shutdown the Europeans trading activities. At the time, Europeans have using the spices for enormously would leads huge demand in Europe. Henceforth, European countries have tried to find a new route to reach India by their ships. On the historic path five Europeans countries, (especially geographically situated in Atlantic Ocean) like Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, British and French, have planned and proceed to identify the shortest route for India. In this battle English descended later while Portuguese, Dutch, and Danish constructed their prominent position there. However, British come almost last to fulfill the spice needs by its country. Once they came to India for trade but they get the great chance to emergence their kingdom in India. Finally, British dominated the entire world by its policies, administrative capabilities, and wise Governors. -
The Age of Exploration
THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OE ART THE AGE OF EXPLORATION Pictures of explorers wko sought new routes for Eastern trade is found the 'Sf.i- World on the uay, of rulers who urged them on, of phies they visited & of the treasures they found in the East NEW YORK 1942 THE U.E OF EXPLORATION The exploration of the world has not been confined to any one period, but has been rather a continuous process of discovering and forgetting, of forming relationships and breaking them—relation- of conquest, of trade, of culture. Today, however, the period of expansion east and west, from the fifteenth through the iteenth century, it generally called the "Age of Exploration." This expansion grew out of the need of the countries of northern and urope to find .1 direct way of trading with the E; pices had been borne by caravan across the plains of Asia and carried bv ships through the Black or the Red Sea ur the Persian Gulf, finally reaching Mediterranean ports. But after the fall of the Roman empire long-distance commerce gradually c< n the knowl edge of distant lands grew dim; the belief that the world was round, common among educated men of Roman days, was almost forgotten, and geographers frightened mariners with descriptions of abysses at the world 'ilgrimi and crusaders, however, kept alive or r me knowledge of the nearer East, and the middle of the thirteenth century saw a brilliant, though brief, re vival of knowledge of the Orient. The Mongol emperort, who then ruled in China, Persia, and eastern Europe, had no strong re ligious bias, and encouraged foreign visitors and trade. -
The Ottoman Age of Exploration
the ottoman age of exploration the Ottomanof explorationAge Giancarlo Casale 1 2010 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dares Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Casale, Giancarlo. Th e Ottoman age of exploration / Giancarlo Casale. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-537782-8 1. Turkey—History—16th century. 2. Indian Ocean Region—Discovery and exploration—Turkish. 3. Turkey—Commerce—History—16th century. 4. Navigation—Turkey—History—16th century. I. Title. DR507.C37 2010 910.9182'409031—dc22 2009019822 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper for my several -
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ON A COLLECTION OF MOLLUSCA FROM THE COROMANDEL COAST OF INDIAl. By HARISH CHANDRA RAY, M.Sc., Research Scholar, Zoolo,qical SU1·foey o.f India, Oalcutta. [Plate III] INTRODUCTION. ~rhe present paper is based on the study of a large _collec tion of mollusca sent for identification to the Zoologica' Survey of India hy Professor P. R. Awati of the Bombay Universjty. 'rhe collection comprises specimens of land, freshwater, D1H,Iille and estuarine forms, which were collected by Professor Awati froIn the Coromandel Coast. Unfortunately records of exact localities from which the different species were obtained, the dates of collection and other data are not available. A considerable amount of work has already been done on the Mollusca of the Madras Coast. Th~ most comprehensive work on the subject is that of Melvill and Standen2 who catalogued about four hundred species of marine shells. Morch 3 dealt with a comparatively small number of terrestrial and fluviatile species only, and Hornelll mostly discussed the habits and utility of the edible mollusca of South India. Crichton5 while giving a list of shells of Madras laid J;>articular stress on the habits of the animals. In so far as the number of species is concerned, Gravely's6 work is quite extensive and it p!oves us~ful in some respects. Orepidula fornicata (Linn.), previously known from 'America, Europe and Africa, and Fusinus rostratus (Olivi) from the Mediterran.. ean, the Red Sea and the Canary Islands in the north Atlantic are being recorded for the first time from Indian waters. Hora and MnkherjF in the case of fish and Chopra and Dass in the case of c~abs have recently recorded instances of the Atlantic forms being found in the eastern part of the Indo-Pacific area., Alcock9 had also previously given many sinlilar examples, and it appears that ,the occurr~nce in Indian waters of species of animals that \vere so far considered as inha~itan~s ~f the Atlantic Ocean is not very uncomnlOD. -
THE TEXTILE SECTOR of COROMANDEL and the FRENCH TRADE, 1750-1800 Arvind Sinha Delhi University
THE TEXTILE SECTOR OF COROMANDEL AND THE FRENCH TRADE, 1750-1800 Arvind Sinha Delhi University Several sources refer to the brisk trade that existed between the European companies and the Coromandel Coast the eastern sea coast of southern India during the eighteenth century. Textiles formed the bulk of exports from India. The European ships showed keen interest in them as these items rendered huge profit to the Europeans in the markets of Europe, Africa and the New World. As this coast produced a rich variety of textiles that was much in demand outside India, the English, the French and the Dutch loaded their ships with numerous variety of textiles for the European markets. Apart from the English, the French remained actively involved in this trade till the last decade of the eighteenth century. The long coastline of the Coromandel portrayed certain feature of its external trade. In the absence of natural harbour, anchoring of big ships was fairly difficult. Yet, a large number of European factories and comptoirs developed, mainly those of the English and the French in chose proximity to each other. Unlike Bengal, the coast of Coromandel had several small ports that enabled the French to survive the intense competition and political debacle. The presence of numerous ports with pockets of manufacture adjacent to them, the habitation of several communities dependent on manufacturing and trading activities, brought a unique element of competition and cooperation between the English and the French. 1 The districts of Ganjan, Vizagapatnam, Guntur, Chicacol, Rjamundry and Mustafanager formed the most fertile coastal strip of the Nizam's dominion in north Coromandel. -
Carrying Away the Unfortunate from India and Southeast Asia, 1500–1800
Carrying Away the Unfortunate from India and Southeast Asia, 1500–1800 Richard B. Allen Early in March 1793, Lieutenant Thomas Riddell, the commander of an East India Company detachment of sepoys stationed at Coringa on India’s Coromandel Coast, received a letter from Pierre Sonnerat, commandant of the French factory at nearby Yanam. In his letter, Sonnerat informed Riddell that although he had done everything in his power to prevent slave trading at Yanam, “I was not able to prevent many of the people at the time from search- ing, and taking advantage of the misery which reigned to the Northward, to carry away the unfortunate from their Country and from their families.” While he asserted that his orders to punish slave traders severely would prevent fu- ture exports from Yanam, Sonnerat added that unless the British adopted the same measures elsewhere in India that they had implemented at Coringa to suppress this trade, “there will always be found some private people with- out delicacy, greedy and allured by the prospect of gain, who will go into the Country to carry on that disgraceful traffick.”1 Company officials dismissed Sonnerat’s claims about suppressing slave trading at Yanam because of the reports they received from Matthew Yeats, their agent at Ingeram, also near Yanam. Early in February 1792, Yeats informed his superiors in Madras that there were hardly any Europeans at the French factory “from the Chief downwards” who were not involved in slave trading, and that almost every French vessel sailing from Coringa or the Dutch factory at Jaggernatpooram [sic] had slaves on board.2 The following month, Yeats advised Madras that the French at Yanam “now send off their slaves in small parties by night, to avoid detection, which, when they have passed the English settlements in this area, unite and proceed by land to Pondicherry” and that while he had intercepted three such parties containing a total of 19 slaves, Source: Allen, Richard B., “Carrying Away the Unfortunate from India and Southeast Asia, 1500– 1800,” in Richard B.