ANNUAL REPORT
MIT Lincoln Laboratory TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPORT OF NATIONAL SECURITY 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MIT Lincoln Laboratory MIT LINCOLN LABORATORy 2013
Table of Contents
MISSION 2 Leadership Technology in Support 3 Organizational Changes 4 Letter from the Director
of National Security 5 Strategic Directions
MIT Lincoln Laboratory employs some of the 7 Technology Innovation 8 Technology Investments nation’s best technical talent to support system and 14 Spotlight: MIT Lincoln Laboratory Beaver technology development for national security needs. Works Center Principal core competencies are sensors, infor- 17 Technology Transfer mation extraction (signal processing and embedded 19 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite computing), communications, integrated sensing, and 20 Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration decision support. Nearly all of the Lincoln Laboratory 22 Wide-Area Infrared System for 360° Persistent Surveillance efforts are housed at its campus on Hanscom Air Force Base in Massachusetts. 25 Mission Areas 26 Space Control MIT Lincoln Laboratory is designated a Department 28 Air and Missile Defense Technology of Defense (DoD) Federally Funded Research and 30 Communication Systems Development Center (FFRDC) and a DoD Research and 32 Cyber Security and Information Sciences Development Laboratory. The Laboratory conducts 34 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Systems and Technology research and development pertinent to national 36 Tactical Systems security on behalf of the military Services, the Office of 38 Advanced Technology the Secretary of Defense, the intelligence community, 40 Homeland Protection and other government agencies. Projects undertaken 42 Air Traffi c Control by Lincoln Laboratory focus on the development and 44 Engineering prototyping of new technologies and capabilities 47 Laboratory Involvement to meet government needs that cannot be met as 48 Technical Education effectively by the government’s existing in-house or 53 Professional Development contractor resources. Program activities extend from 54 Diversity and Inclusion fundamental investigations through design and field 56 Awards and Recognition testing of prototype systems using new technologies. 59 Economic Impact A strong emphasis is placed on the transition of 61 Educational and Community Outreach systems and technology to the private sector. Lincoln 62 Educational Outreach Laboratory has been in existence for 62 years. On its 67 Robotics Outreach 25th and 50th anniversaries, the Laboratory received 68 Community Giving the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public 71 Laboratory Governance and Organization Service in recognition of its distinguished technical 72 Laboratory Governance and Organization innovation and scientific discoveries. 73 Advisory Board 74 Staff and Laboratory Programs MIT and Lincoln Laboratory Leadership
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Organizational Changes
Dr. L. Rafael Reif President C. Scott Anderson David R. Martinez Assistant Director for Operations Associate Division Head, Cyber Security and Information Sciences Dr. Chris A. Kaiser (left) C. Scott Anderson joined Lincoln Laboratory as David R. Martinez, formerly a principal staff Provost Assistant Director for Operations in July 2013, member in the Communication Systems and Dr. Claude R. Canizares (right) with responsibility for the Laboratory’s operating Cyber Security Division, brings extensive Vice President and capital investment budget, service depart- experience in high-performance embedded ments, and prime research contracts with the computing, enterprise architectures, system government. He has had significant experience applications, and cloud computing to his role in acquisition activities and budget management, having served as associate division head. His prior leadership roles at Lincoln as an acquisition professional and program manager in the Laboratory included leader of the Digital Radar Technology Group U.S. Navy, and most recently as the Director of Integration for and head of the ISR Systems and Technology Division. Acquisition at MITRE’s National Security Engineering Center. Marc A. Zissman New Laboratory Division Associate Division Head, Cyber Security and Information Sciences In January 2013, the Communication Systems and Cyber Security Dr. Marc A. Zissman was named associate head Division was restructured into two divisions. The increasing of the Cyber Security and Information Sciences importance of research and development in cyber security and Divison. Prior to this appointment, he was an information sciences led to the establishment of a division to assistant division head in the Communication focus on these areas. The new division, Cyber Security and Systems and Cyber Security Division, holding Information Sciences, directs the development of cyber systems, responsibility for development and execution of human language technologies, and computing and graph the Laboratory’s strategic plan for growing its cyber security efforts. analytics. The Communication Systems Division remains the His earlier leadership positions were associate leader of the Human Laboratory’s center of excellence in communication technologies. Language Technology Group and leader of the Wideband Tactical Networking Group. MIT Lincoln Laboratory Stephen B. Rejto Division Head, Cyber Security and Information Sciences James Ward Dr. Eric D. Evans Stephen B. Rejto was appointed head of the Assistant Division Head, Communication Systems Director Cyber Security and Information Sciences Dr. James Ward joined the Communication Dr. Marc D. Bernstein (left) Division. Formerly an assistant division head in Systems Division as assistant division head. Associate Director Communication Systems and Cyber Security, Formerly, he was an assistant division head in the he is responsible for programs focused on ISR and Tactical Systems Division, where he led Mr. C. Scott Anderson (right) research and development in cyber technologies programs in advanced sensing, signal processing, Assistant Director—Operations and prototype cyber security systems; advanced cryptography; and data exploitation. He has served as leader of techniques for speech recognition and language identification; and the Advanced Sensor Techniques Group and is a past recipient of technologies for processing large multisourced datasets. the Laboratory’s Technical Excellence Award.
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Fellow The Fellow position recognizes the Laboratory’s strongest technical talent for their outstanding contributions over many years.
Marilyn M. Wolfson Dr. Marilyn M. Wolfson is a key contributor to Lincoln developed automated short-term storm forecast technology Laboratory’s efforts in air traffic control. She has developed for air traffic management applications. She has published algorithms for the FAA Terminal Doppler Weather Radar more than 70 journal articles, holds five U.S. patents, been and Integrated Terminal Weather System. As the leader awarded a Lincoln Laboratory Technical Excellence Award, of the FAA’s Convective Weather Product Team, she and is a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society.
2 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 3 Letter from the Director Lincoln Laboratory Strategic Directions
Today we define Lincoln Laboratory’s mission as “technology in ■■ A ground mobile terminal capable of connecting to the recently support of national security.” This broad mission evolved from the launched Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) satel- The strategic directions below are based on a Laboratory’s original single focus on the creation of a strategic lites was successfully demonstrated. The small-form-factor Director’s Office and senior management update air defense system in the 1950s. Over the years, we have grown modem in this terminal is the first implementation that follows of the Laboratory’s strategic plan and a review of to become a multidisciplinary laboratory providing innovative stringent new security rules. national-level studies, such as the National Defense systems and technologies for a widely diverse set of national Strategy, the Quadrennial Defense Review, and security problems. ■■ The RF Enhanced Digital System on Chip program recent Defense Science Board recommendations. developed a fully integrated system-on-chip design that In 2013, we are continuing to align our efforts to meet the achieves record receiver performance in a very small size, ■■ Identify new mission areas, based on current and evolving challenges identified by the Department of Defense. weight, and power package. emerging national security needs In January, the Laboratory created a Cyber Security and ■■ Strengthen and evolve the current Laboratory Information Sciences Division to address the increasing signifi- ■■ A Laboratory-developed ultrahigh-data-rate multiple-input mission areas cance of cyber situational awareness and information system multiple-output (MIMO) system sets new standards for protection for national security. Analysts in all mission areas non-line-of-sight, low-power communication links and enables ■■ Strengthen the core technology programs are confronting the consequences of “big data,” the enormous efficient data exchange among ground-based intelligence, ■■ volume and variety of sensor data generated at an increasingly surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems. Increase MIT campus/Lincoln Laboratory collaboration rapid pace. Our Advanced Technology mission area is directing attention to novel nanotechnology applications, and our The Laboratory’s community outreach program continues to ■■ Strengthen technology transfer to acquisition biomedical programs are seeing strong growth as the demand grow. The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and user communities intensifies for technological solutions for soldiers’ and civilians’ (STEM) educational outreach initiative now includes 30 active health needs. The diversity and depth in our programs create an programs. We have expanded the Lincoln Laboratory Radar ■■ Increase outside connectivity and exciting research and development environment. Introduction for Student Engineers (LLRISE), a two-week communications
summer radar workshop, to reach more high-school seniors. ■■ Improve Laboratory diversity and inclusion Some highlights from our past year’s accomplishments include: Science on Saturday events continue to fill our auditorium, and 80 schools scheduled classroom presentations by ■■ Expand community outreach and education ■■ In mid-October, the Lunar Laser Communication Laboratory technical staff. Our robotics teams made strong ■■ Continue improving Laboratory administration Demonstration, launched aboard NASA’s Lunar Atmospheric showings at regional competitions, and the CyberPatriot team and infrastructure and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) satellite in September, of high-school “cyber defenders” again reached the national transmitted data from the moon to Earth at a speed of 622 competition. Our extensive outreach program is a high priority megabits per second, a data rate significantly faster than the and an important element of our strategic directions. rates of typical RF links flown to the moon. This report provides a comprehensive overview of our 2013 ■■ A novel ground penetrating radar system demonstrated on a technical accomplishments, technology investments, and educa- Husky route-clearance vehicle detected and referenced soil tional programs. We encourage you to read through the report and inhomogeneities to determine the vehicle’s location to within a contact us if you have any questions. As always, we look forward few centimeters relative to previous route passes. The system to meeting future national security challenges with innovative enables the vehicle to “drive itself” during revisits by using solutions sustained by technical excellence and integrity. drive-by-wire actuators connected to the radar, freeing the operator to perform other missions. Sincerely, ■■ Lincoln Laboratory tested its ultra-compact, nine-channel microwave spectrometer prototype under the NASA Advanced Component Technology program. This new technology enables high-performance microwave atmospheric sensing from very small platforms, including cubesats and unmanned Eric D. Evans air vehicles. Director
4 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 5 TECHNOLOGy INNOVATION 7
Technology Investments 8
Spotlight: MIT Lincoln Laboratory Beaver Works Center 14
Technology Transfer 17
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite 19
Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration 20
Wide-Area Infrared System for 360° Persistent Surveillance 22
Breadboard optical sensor for detection of chemical and biological warfare agents TeChnOLOgy InnOVaTIOn
Technology Investments
Lincoln Laboratory invests in the development of advanced technologies and capabilities to support ››■ MISSION-CRITICAL TECHNOLOGy INVESTMENTS the strategic needs of its missions and to promote research in emerging technology areas of In 2013, investments were aligned by technology categories selected to represent both core and emerging areas of relevance to national security. relevance to the Laboratory’s missions.
The Technology Office is responsible for devel- Optical Systems and Technology oping and directing strategic research at the Research into optical technology encompasses the development, Laboratory, through focused investments in analysis, and demonstration of novel concepts, technology, and existing and emerging mission areas. The office systems to inform the next generation of optical systems for the seeks out capabilities to address critical problems nation’s defense needs. The primary goal is to invest in game- that threaten national security, and derives changing technologies that fill the critical technology gaps in technology requirements from strategic assess- traditional and emerging DoD mission areas. ments of the Laboratory’s primary mission areas and from our government sponsoring agencies. The 2013 projects cover a range of technologies: Members of the office interact regularly with the ■■ Novel ladar technology Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (ASD [R&E]) and other government ■■ Multiaperture passive imaging systems for space surveillance agencies to maintain awareness of critical defense problems and to grow strategic technical relation- ■■ Dual-wavelength synthetic aperture ladar for low-power, long- ships. The office also collaborates with and range, high-resolution imaging supports university researchers and, in doing so, LEADERSHIP aids in the translation of new technologies from Dr. Bernadette Johnson, Chief Technology Officer ■■ Large-format photon-counting array technology for small- laboratory scale to end-user needs. The internal Dr. Eric Dauler, Associate Technology Officer (left) form-factor 3D ladar research and development (R&D) investment Dr. Andy Vidan, Associate Technology Officer (right) portfolio is developed through a number of mecha- ■■ High-power mid-wave and long-wave infrared laser technol- nisms, including competitive solicitations, open ogies using beam combining and quantum cascade lasers calls for proposals in specific technical areas, Masked aperture Full 14" aperture focused infrastructure investments, and activities Cyber Security 20 20 designed to promote innovative thinking and Cyber Security Optical Systems Lincoln Laboratory is conducting four research projects 15 15 creative problem solving. designed to improve the security of computer networks, 10 10 5 5 Basic & hosts, and applications in anticipation of DoD and intelligence Applied Research 0 0 r&D Investment Portfolio community requirements. The Cyber Situational Awareness Microradians –5 –5 Internal research funding at Lincoln Laboratory project is designing, creating, and demonstrating a platform to –10 –10 derives primarily from Congressional appropria- assist network defenders in identifying, tracking, and thwarting –15 –15 tions administered by ASD(R&E). The focus of this Quantum System RF Systems Biomedical malicious activities. The platform displays the current state of –20 –20 funding is on long-term, high-impact research that Sciences Sciences a network and provides detailed knowledge and history of all –20 –10 0 –20 –10 0 is relevant to Department of Defense (DoD) needs. entities on the network. In a second effort, the Laboratory is Additional funding is also available to support improving the fidelity of cyber range experimentation by devel- Microradians Microradians (a) (b) laboratory and engineering capability maintenance, oping scenario-driven cyber simulations that combine measured Homeland to develop and operate broad-use test beds, Advanced Devices Autonomous Protection statistics about real user behavior with realistic agent behavior Systems & Air Traffic Engineering The passive optical imaging system uses multiaperture Fizeau interferometry to Control Research and to support innovative research in basic and Information, in the face of never-before-seen circumstances. Also under enhance image resolution and mitigate the effects of atmospheric turbulence on applied science areas. The internal R&D investment Computation, development is a portfolio of tools to dramatically improve an image quality. recently, the concept was demonstrated using a single telescope and Exploitation portfolio reflects this distribution and is strategically Novel & analyst’s ability to perform rapid, low-level, reverse engineering with a masked aperture, performing successful reconstruction of this calibration Engineered Energy Materials target (a); traditional imaging using the full telescope aperture is severely degraded developed to both address the critical technology of both software and hardware systems. Finally, techniques for by atmospheric turbulence (b). The program is currently building a multi-telescope needs of the Laboratory’s existing mission areas secure storage, processing, access to, and sharing of data in the prototype with fi ber optics that will have a resolution better than 200 milliarcseconds. The Laboratory’s internal r&D portfolio supports investments across emerging and core Laboratory mis- and to provide the technical foundation to address sion areas. This infographic displays the relative magnitude of 2013 internal funding in each of these areas. cloud are being developed. emerging national security challenges. The smaller divisions within each block represent individual projects executed in that category.
8 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 9 technology inNOVATION
>> Technology Investments, cont.
Advanced Devices Quantum System Sciences address the musculoskeletal injury epidemic in the military, The Laboratory is developing unique and innovative components, Through the exploitation of the superposition and entanglement researchers are using a new tissue spectroscopy test bed at the subsystems, and sensing modalities that enable new system- qualities of the quantum mechanical description of nature, the Laboratory to develop noninvasive optical tools for quantifying level solutions to important national security problems. quantum system sciences program seeks to develop systems muscle damage and repair. that have sensing, communication, and/or processing power Research is focusing on a broad range of devices: unachievable in classical systems. The 2013 portfolio of ■■ Specialized silicon and compound semiconductor-based tasks covers a broad range of quantum information science devices for radio frequency (RF), analog, mixed-signal, and applications. Two tasks center on building the foundation for digital electronics larger-scale quantum computing; one uses the superconducting quantum bit (qubit) modality, and the other uses the trapped- ■■ Imaging arrays with integrated readout and processing circuits ion qubit modality. Other efforts are focused on quantum photonics—the development of single-photon detectors ■■ Optoelectronics, integrated photonics, and laser technologies and sources of entangled photons for communication and random-number-generation applications (photo below). The ■■ Novel devices for chemical, biological, and radiation sensing Laboratory is also investigating how its unique laser and detector technology can advance the state of development in gravitational A miniature tunable antenna (2 GHz–2.5 GHz) is on the left, and an ultrawideband In 2013, a variety of advanced-device technologies are being and magnetic sensing. pixelated antenna (7.5 GHz–12.5 GHz) is on the right. developed, including ultralow-power microelectronics; low-cost integration of quantum cascade lasers with passive waveguides; Photograph of a silicon photonic chip processed using the recently upgraded 90 nm Novel and Engineered Materials surface-emitting slab-coupled optical waveguide laser arrays; fabrication toolset available in Lincoln Laboratory’s Microelectronics Laboratory. The The new (in 2013) initiative to investigate novel and engineered layers of the thin-film materials used to implement the silicon photonic chip create bulk germanium detectors for visible through short-wavelength a filter that accentuates the reflection of the green portion of the optical spectrum, materials is aimed at establishing world-class capabilities in infrared imaging; extended-wavelength, single-photon-sensitive thereby causing the image to appear to “glow” green. engineered materials with properties that greatly enhance avalanche photodiodes; and microwave photonics for radar and performance characteristics of devices and components. electronic warfare systems. Information, Computation, and Exploitation (ICE) Current efforts are centered on infrared, optical, and RF The ICE initiative encompasses research and development in metamaterials. The infrared materials program explores the Radio-Frequency Systems data processing, computation, exploitation, and visualization, development of active plasmonics for fast nonmechanical Work on RF systems focuses on research and development of with an emphasis on the emerging “big data” challenges scanning. The optical materials effort targets the application of innovative technologies for evolving DoD needs in radar, signals posed by the enormous growth in the volume, variety, and aluminum as a plasmonic metal, enabling large-scale production intelligence, communications, and electronic warfare applications. collection rates of data available for DoD and intelligence of plasmonic devices. The RF metamaterials effort is looking at Key RF challenges include a rapidly expanding threat spectrum, community applications. using negative impedance circuits to extend the bandwidth and platforms with severely constrained payloads, operations in reduce loss of artificial magnetic surfaces for electrically small strong clutter and interference environments, detection of difficult To respond to these challenges, ICE initiatives are concentrated Entangled photons are generated by using parametric down conversion in a conformal antennas (photo above). targets, and robustness against sophisticated electronic attack. on four key areas: Sagnac interferometer to enable verifiable random-number generation. In 2013, four initiatives in RF systems are being supported: ■■ Large-scale multi-intelligence exploitation analytics Autonomous Systems RF Enhanced Digital System on Chip (REDSOC), Micro-sized Biomedical Sciences The Laboratory’s applied research in autonomy and robotics Microwave Atmospheric Satellite, Time-Varying Quantization, and ■■ Extreme computing technologies and form-factor-efficient The biomedical sciences initiative exploits Lincoln Laboratory’s enables unmanned systems to perform useful tasks in Comb-Based Receiver Architecture. systems expertise in advanced signal processing, optoelectronics, uncertain environments without continuous human operator biology, and chemistry to develop technologies that increase control. Building on prior years’ progress, the continuing ■■ High-bandwidth, secure data-delivery technologies for high- human performance and that prevent and predict injury through Cognitive Robotics program is pursuing emergent auton- volume datasets individualized biological monitoring, analysis, and interventions. omous behavior by emulating neurobiological and cognitive The REDSOC project Laboratory staff collaborate with top biomedical researchers at processes. The Digital Vision Sensor and Robust Vehicle is developing a new ■■ Processing infrastructure, tools, and operations research to major universities and medical institutions. Localization projects leverage Laboratory sensing expertise co-design methodology applied to a high- streamline the employment of advanced analytics to detect obstacles in cluttered environments at high speeds performance receiver This year, projects include developing pilot assemblies of and to maintain precise location knowledge in adverse condi- system on chip. A power- efficient circuit architecture In 2013, specific efforts include the development of routing microRNA sensors for cancer-cell identification and building tions. The Automated Dynamic Resource Allocation program and critical system algorithms for dynamic networks; composable analytics a high-density molecular gene-assembly system with 256 is developing stochastic and robust optimization algorithms parameters are optimized platforms; customizable video analytics engines; anomalous microfluidic assembly chambers. The Laboratory is fielding a for problems with uncertain dynamics and a large state space. in terms of power efficiency and linearity. subgraph detection theory; image compression techniques; and multimodal, mild-traumatic-brain-injury (mTBI) triage system and The goal of the Semantic Modeling task is to create labeled high-performance, configurable, application-specific integrated is creating a cognitive assessment framework that measures topological maps of interior spaces suitable for efficient inter- circuit embedded processors. objective biomarkers that correlate with cognitive fatigue. To action with human teammates.
10 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 11 technology inNOVATION
>> Technology Investments, cont. ›› BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH Homeland Protection and Air Traffic Control metals, active metal matrix composites, and silicon carbide The Deployable Radar and Imaging Tower is being developed mirrors. Additional initiatives include building a thermal chamber The basic and applied research projects focus on concept development that considers, but is not limited to, specific mission to advance the state of sensing and processing techniques for optical interferometry and performing measurements of the needs. Funding is administered directly from the Technology Office and through committees established to solicit and review for land-border, maritime, and low-altitude air surveillance. properties of O-ring seal materials. proposals from the Laboratory staff as well as from MIT campus; awards are typically for one year and represent early-stage This platform will synthesize radar, camera imaging, and video proof-of-concept research. The significant investment in basic and applied research supports many projects, as shown in the processing technologies to perform reference data collections Energy infographic on page 8; two unique projects are highlighted here. in homeland security domains, such as U.S. land borders and Lincoln Laboratory is engaged in research focused on improving coastal port areas. The datasets will help advance techniques both DoD energy security as well as the national energy system’s for the automated determination of behavior patterns and threat sustainability. The 2013 projects include work on advanced identification in cluttered environments. microgrids for installations and forward operating bases, electric Demonstration of Volumetric Electrowetting Microhydraulic actuator concept vehicles with vehicle-to-grid capability, and energy-efficient, for Microhydraulic Actuators + E – soldier-scale capabilities for increased endurance during special Microfluidic systems requiring high flow rates or high volume operations. These projects involve collaborations with MIT displacement present a unique challenge. To enable actuation ∆V Water researchers, other laboratories, and companies. of larger volumes of liquid in microfluidic systems, Lincoln input Laboratory is developing a new type of microhydraulic actuator A major new initiative is the development of a “living laboratory” that takes advantage of the large surface area and open volume Water Oil output microgrid test bed at Lincoln Laboratory that can serve as a associated with a porous material. By exploiting a phenomenon pressure model for advanced DoD installation deployments. The ongoing known as electrowetting, an “electric sponge” will be created work includes a broad array of efforts—developing modeling using a porous conductor. When voltage is applied across the ~10 mm and analysis software; developing real-time monitoring and porous conductor, a conducting liquid (e.g., water) in contact Porous metal for volumetric electrowetting simulation tools; deploying a 1-megawatt solar array that will with the surface of the porous conductor will be drawn into be capable of “off-grid” operation; and conducting a study of the pores. If the pores are filled with a second immiscible cogeneration and hybrid electric vehicles. liquid, that liquid is displaced out of the porous material. When paths for both liquid and electric voltage. Additionally, a voltage is removed, the conducting liquid is expelled from the conformal dielectric compatible with electrowetting must be The energy initiative is also investigating novel photovoltaic pores because of their hydrophobic nature. By controlling this deposited over all the conductive surfaces to avoid electrical modules using Earth-abundant materials. As one example, a behavior, researchers can create high-volume actuators. breakdown. Finally, the interface between the porous Lincoln Laboratory/MIT team developed a three-dimensional surface and fluid must be properly engineered to provide solar-cell architecture for enhancing optical coupling in organic- These microhydraulic actuators are expected to efficiently suitable electrowetting properties. Despite these engineering Lincoln Laboratory’s air traffic control simulation infra- based solar cells. With organics, the fabrication techniques are move 1 to 30 µL per actuation. This approach requires a challenges, volumetric electrowetting actuators would greatly structure, which is being extended through the integration of inherently low temperature and can be applied directly on light- porous conductor having micron-sized pores and continuous enhance energy efficiency for microhydraulics. its unmanned aircraft ground control station with a high-fidelity weight flexible substrates without sacrificing performance. tower simulation environment (photo above), will enable a range of new airspace integration studies. The infrastructure An example Biomedical Imaging in diameter). The Laboratory’s fluores- will include terminal and en route controller components, as structure is In collaboration with Professor Angela cence imaging test bed will allow the well as connectivity with partner laboratories for distributed shown in the Belcher and her research team at MIT/MGH team to improve the imaging simulation studies. In parallel, serious gaming technologies are scanning MIT, Lincoln Laboratory researchers efficacy of their SWNT fluorophores for being developed for the dynamic analysis of complex air traffic electron micro- are working to develop a small, ovarian cancer detection in rodents. management decision-making problems. graph at left, flexible fluorescence imaging system This new test bed will provide real-time where an n-type that could collect imagery during a video imagery during surgery and Engineering Research semiconducting surgical procedure. Dr. Belcher’s team will offer the flexibility to exchange or
Lincoln Laboratory is investing in the advancement of its fullerene (C60) develops novel infrared single-walled update hardware components, such as technical engineering capabilities in order to facilitate the film is confor- nanotube (SWNT) fluorophores for illumination or laser-pump sources. The application of state-of-the-art engineering to the development 100 nm mally deposited detecting small, deeply embedded test bed utilizes robust state-of-the- of prototype systems. The current research is focused in over a 100 nm tumors. Recent research conducted art detection algorithms developed by four areas: integrated modeling and analysis tools, advanced scale array of semitransparent nanoelectrodes imprinted by MIT and ovarian cancer specialists Lincoln Laboratory researchers. It will materials, optical capabilities, and process development. In in a conductive plastic. At this subwavelength regime, light at Massachusetts General Hospital also include an interactive graphical 2013, researchers are exploring modeling and analysis tools for propagates primarily longitudinally through the semiconductor (MGH) in Boston has shown that user interface that will display real-time shock analysis, structural modeling of printed circuit boards, film, increasing net light absorption while maintaining similar fluorescence imaging can improve the imaged and processed data to further The prototype rodent-scale fluorescence imaging test bed and microfluidics. Research into advanced materials is focusing charge transport efficiency as in thin-film bilayer hetero- includes an InGaAs camera and near-infrared lens, a fiber- ability to both detect and successfully characterize shallow tumor features, on damping materials, properties of additive manufactured junction devices. coupled diode laser pump source, and a visible illuminator. remove micro-tumors (those <2 mm such as extent and depth estimates.
12 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 13 technology inNOVATION
Spotlight New facility OpenS in 2013 MIT Lincoln Laboratory Beaver Works Center Research and Innovation Through Project-Based Learning
In November 2013, LLBW opened the doors to a new dedicated facility designed to facilitate research, workshops, and classwork. Approximately half of the facility is devoted to common-use activities such as prototyping, brainstorming, and classwork. The balance of the space will support collaborative projects and project-based educational initiatives.
Captions, clockwise from top left: At the official opening ceremony for the center, Dr. Robert Shin, Head of the ISR and Tactical Systems Division, MIT President Rafael Reif, and Dr. Eric Evans, Director, MIT students in the Mechanical Engineering Department’s Engineering Systems Design course developed the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Energy Subsystem as their Lincoln Laboratory, were greeted by MIT mascot Tim capstone project. At their final project presentation in spring 2013, they showcased this functional system that produces electricity and heat from an aluminum energy source. the Beaver; classroom space in the center; work space for projects; and the main entrance to the center.
The MIT Lincoln Laboratory Beaver Works (LLBW) Center conducts research and educational programs that strengthen Research Projects Opportunities Program (UROP), some research assistantship and expand collaborative efforts between the Laboratory and MIT campus. This collaboration provides opportunities for The core mission of LLBW is to foster innovative, impactful opportunities, and internships. both institutions to make an impact on pressing global problems through science, research, and education. research that benefits MIT campus and Lincoln Laboratory. This research can be pursued in many ways, but all projects share a The technical scope of these research programs bridges a common theme of harnessing and strengthening campus and wide area of common interests between the Laboratory and Laboratory interaction. These research interaction approaches campus, and includes the following areas that are opportune Benefits to Lincoln Laboratory Benefits to MIT Campus include the following: for strong collaboration:
■■ Greater access to MIT students, faculty, and technology ■■ Strong project-based learning opportunities for students Capstone Projects ■■ Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems ›› Strong coupling to world leaders in advanced technology ›› Opportunities for system-level funded capstone and One-year development projects, executed in conjunction with a ■■ Autonomy and robotics development research projects two-semester course, in which students work together to carry an ■■ Cyber security ›› Opportunity to strengthen science and technology base ›› Access to Lincoln Laboratory mentors idea from initial design all the way through to prototype fabrication ■■ Supercomputing ›› Staff exposure to entrepreneurial culture ›› Access to full-featured prototyping, research, and and testing. ■■ Transportation ›› Campus location for sparking new collaborations classroom facilities ■■ Energy systems Joint Research Projects ■■ Imaging sciences ■■ Opportunity to advance system and technology devel- ■■ Enhanced MIT participation in addressing national Cutting-edge research projects that explicitly leverage the ■■ Social Dynamics Observatory opment through joint capstone and research projects security challenges strengths of both institutions to efficiently solve critical problems. ■■ System-on-a-chip ›› Ability to leverage faculty expertise, and student ›› Strong coupling to national expertise in systems and ■■ Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing innovation and enthusiasm missions Individual Research ■■ Earth remote sensing Guided research for individual development in a focused ■■ Advanced decision support research area; examples include the Undergraduate Research ■■ Biomedical research and bioinformatics
14 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 15 technology inNOVATION
>> Spotlight: Lincoln Laboratory Beaver Works Center, cont. Technology Transfer
Lincoln Laboratory’s research and development activities help strengthen the nation’s technology base.
The Laboratory’s continuing development of new capabilities and The Laboratory provided the Defense Information Systems emerging enabling technologies that are transitioned rapidly to Agency with a guide for core radio management information Students in the Flight Engineering the military services, government agencies, and industry helps base and proxy implementation. This document defines the course offered in ensure that advanced technology is available to the U.S. military management of current and future radio systems with a Common MIT’s Department services and government agencies, and that U.S. industry is at Network Management interface. of Aeronautics and Astronautics built the forefront of technical innovation. these flight prototypes Tactical Systems of scalable unmanned Technology transfer is accomplished through deliveries of The Laboratory is supporting and further developing a sensor aerial vehicles. This Beaver Works hardware, software, algorithms, or advanced architecture approach designed for route-clearance engineer teams to capstone project concepts; Small Business Technology Transfer joint research use on a robotic platform. The initial robotic capability has challenged students to utilize common partnerships with local businesses; Cooperative Research been transitioned to industry for production. The Laboratory design features that and Development Agreements that are privately funded by continues to assess and prototype significant advancements to would enable rapid businesses; and the licensing of MIT patents to companies. this technology. customization, design, and fabrication. A field-hardened prototype of a new ground-penetrating radar 2013 Technology Transfer Activities technology significantly advances the state of the art in antenna array and processing technology. This prototype has been Cyber Security and Information Sciences integrated on a military vehicle and transitioned to the Army for During the past year, the Laboratory’s key management operational use. software was packaged for use by Draper Laboratory. In 2013 Projects endeavors while providing an educational introduction to many addition, software to test and measure the performance of newly Space Control Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) work of the technical missions encountered at the Laboratory. More developed cryptographic protocols was transferred to multiple The Laboratory contributed core algorithm technology to the ■■ Capstone project: Deployable mini-UAV about the Laboratory’s 2013 IAP courses can be found in the industry and academic partners for the Security and Privacy Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Atmospheric Product Suite, ■■ Capstone project: Modular UAV concepts Technical Education section of this report. Assurance Research program. released to the public on 1 March 2013. AIRS, which is onboard ■■ Research project: Flexible UAV design the NASA Aqua satellite, produces high-resolution atmospheric ■■ Research project: Perdix, a low-cost micro-UAV Campus Collaborators The Lincoln Adaptable Real-Time Information Assurance soundings in clear and cloudy conditions. The Beaver Works Center will initially work with the following Testbed (LARIAT) traffic-generation tools were transferred to Robotics work MIT departments, laboratories, and centers to provide funded more than 10 new users. Air and Missile Defense Technology ■■ Capstone project: Energy subsystem for autonomous under- research project opportunities and capstone projects; to develop Lincoln Laboratory developed a Phased Array Radar Simulation water vehicle new joint project opportunities; and to support ongoing and new The Lincoln Automated Malicious Binary Data Analyzer System to design and test open system architecture technical ■■ Biomimetic research into humanoid and cheetah locomotion initiatives aligned with Lincoln Laboratory’s missions and contrib- (LAMBDA) and BETA malware analysis and transformation tools concepts and radar processing algorithms for ground-based uting to the Innovation Ecosystem at MIT. were transitioned to the sponsor and users. air defense radar systems. These technologies were transferred Cyber security work to the government to support technology development for the ■■ Research project: Language modeling for cyber security ■■ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Communication Systems Three-Dimensional Expeditionary Long-Range Radar. ■■ Research project: Automated reverse engineering ■■ Department of Mechanical Engineering The Laboratory completed a flight test of an advanced satellite ■■ Research project: Large system cyber analysis ■■ Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science communications (SATCOM) antenna aboard a C-130J aircraft. Under U.S. Navy sponsorship, radar signal processing and ■■ Cyber Capture the Flag competition for Boston-area college ■■ Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics calibration algorithms were developed and transferred to students ■■ Center for Transportation and Logistics The design of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) government contractors for subsequent integration into the E-2D ■■ Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory hardened transportable SATCOM terminal was tested, and Advanced Hawkeye. The E-2 Hawkeye is the Navy’s all-weather, Education (CSAIL) industry-built versions were delivered to the Air Force. carrier-based tactical battle management airborne early-warning Lincoln Laboratory Beaver Works facilitates enrichment courses ■■ The Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation and command-and-control aircraft. through its extensive network of technical and educational ■■ Gordon-MIT Engineering Leadership Program A simulation model of a future protected SATCOM waveform was expertise on campus and at the Laboratory. These courses ■■ MIT International Design Center developed and delivered to 16 industry teams for use in analysis are intended for a broad audience. In 2013, Lincoln Laboratory ■■ Microsystems Technology Laboratories and early prototyping. technical staff members conducted six educational activities ■■ Wireless@MIT during MIT’s Independent Activities Period (IAP). The IAP activities are designed to generate enthusiasm for engineering
16 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 17 technology inNOVATION
>> Technology Transfer Activities, cont. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite S elECTED Patents
Agile-Beam Laser Array Transmitter Method for Low Sidelobe Operation of Micro-electromechanical Gary A. Shaw and Lawrence M. Candell a Phased Array Antenna Having Failed Tunneling Switch Date issued: 30 October 2012 Antenna Elements Carl O. Bozler, Craig L. Keast, U.S. Patent no.: 8,301,027 Steven I. Krich, Cory J. Prust, and Jeremy Muldavin and Ian Weiner Date issued: 30 April 2013 Method and System for in situ Aerosol Date issued: 15 January 2013 U.S. Patent no.: 8,432,239 Thermo-Radiometric Analysis U.S. Patent no.: 8,354,960 William D. Herzog Very Large Mode Slab-Coupled Optical Date issued: 25 September 2012 Iterative Clutter Calibration with Waveguide Laser and Amplifier U.S. Patent no.: 8,274,655 Phased-Array Antennas Robin K. Huang and Joseph P. Donnelly Steven I. Krich and Ian Weiner Date issued: 28 May 2013 Method and Apparatus for Measuring Date issued: 22 January 2013 U.S. Patent no.: 8,451,874 a Position of a Particle in a Flow U.S. Patent no.: 8,358,239 Thomas H. Jeys, Antonio Sanchez- Waveguide Coupler Having Continuous Rubio, Ronald H. Hoffeld, Jonathan Z. Method and Apparatus for Three-Dimensional Tapering Lin, Nicholas M.F. Judson, George S. Synchronizing a Wireless Steven J. Spector, Reuel B. Swint, Haldeman, and Vincenzo Daneu Communication System and Milos Popovic Date issued: 27 November 2012 Daniel W. Bliss and Peter A. Parker Date issued: 25 June 2013 U.S. Patent no.: 8,319,965 Date issued: 22 January 2013 U.S. Patent no.: 8,472,766 U.S. Patent no.: 8,358,716 Inorganic Resist Sensitizer Method and Apparatus for Hypothesis Theodore H. Fedynyshyn and Modulator for Frequency-Shift Keying Testing Russell B. Goodman of Optical Signals David W. Browne Date issued: 4 December 2012 Bryan S. Robinson, Don M. Boroson, Scott Date issued: 25 June 2013
U.S. Patent no.: 8,323,866 A. Hamilton, and Shelby J. Savage U.S. Patent no.: 8,473,446 Communications. endition: Chester Beals, Technical Date issued: 19 March 2013 R Single-Electron Detection Method and U.S. Patent no.: 8,401,398 Method and Apparatus for Audio Source Rendering of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Apparatus for Solid-State Intensity Separation Image Sensors with a Charge-Metering Grazing-Incidence-Disk Laser Element Tianyu Wang and Thomas F. Quatieri Device Daniel J. Ripin, Tso Yee Fan, Date issued: 30 July 2013 In April 2013, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration David C. Shaver, Bernard B. Kosicki, Anish K. Goyal, and John Hybl U.S. Patent no.: 8,498,863 (NASA) selected the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Robert K. Reich, Dennis D. Rathman, Date issued: 26 March 2013 Daniel R. Schuette, and Brian F. Aull U.S. Patent no.: 8,406,267 Filter-Based DPSK Receiver as the next mission in its Explorer Program. The TESS mission Date issued: 4 December 2012 David O. Caplan and Mark L. Stevens proposal was led by the MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and U.S. Patent no.: 8,324,554 Polyphase Nonlinear Digital Date issued: 6 August 2013 Space Research (MKI), with Lincoln Laboratory partnering to Prototype Predistortion U.S. Patent no.: 8,503,889 provide key components of the mission’s payload. charge-coupled-device Annular Solid Immersion Lenses Joel I. Goodman, Benjamin A. Miller, detector for TESS. and Methods of Making Them Matthew A. Herman, and James E. Vian Time Varying Quantization-Based TESS will use an array of wide-field cameras to perform an Zong-Long Liau Date issued: 2 April 2013 Linearity Enhancement of Signal Date issued: 4 December 2012 U.S. Patent no.: 8,410,843 Converters and Mixed-Signal Systems all-sky survey to discover transiting exoplanets. In a two-year U.S. Patent no.: 8,325,420 William S. Song survey following launch in 2017, TESS will monitor 500,000 stars CMOS Readout Architecture and Date issued: 13 August 2013 for temporary drops in brightness caused by planetary transits. Optical Limiting Using Plasmonically Method for Photon-Counting Arrays U.S. Patent no.: 8,508,395 This first-ever space-borne all-sky transit survey will identify Enhancing Nanoparticles Brian F. Aull, Matthew J. Renzi, planets, ranging from Earth-sized to gas giants, around a wide Vladimir Liberman and Robert K. Reich, and Daniel R. Schuette Terahertz Sensing System and Method Mordechai Rothschild Date issued: 23 April 2013 Mohammad Jalal Khan, Jerry C. Chen, range of stellar types and orbital distances. Data from TESS will system design, development, and testing; and satellite payload Date issued: 1 January 2013 U.S. Patent no.: 8,426,797 and Sumanth Kaushik allow scientists to study the masses, sizes, densities, orbits, management. The TESS effort will utilize the expertise of the U.S. Patent no.: 8,345,364 Date issued: 20 August 2013 and atmospheres of a large number of small planets, including Advanced Technology, Engineering, and Aerospace Divisions. Method and Apparatus for U.S. Patent no.: 8,514,393 a sample of rocky worlds in the habitable zones of their host The principal investigator for the TESS project is Dr. George Notch Antenna Having a Low Profile Spectral Cross Coherence stars. TESS will provide targets for follow-up observation with the Ricker of MKI. MKI is providing the payload electronics, overall Stripline Feed Christ D. Richmond James Webb Space Telescope, as well as other large ground- program management, and the scientific research program. Other Glenn A. Brigham, Marat Davidovitz, Date issued: 23 April 2013 Sean M. Duffy, and Jeffrey Herd U.S. Patent no.: 8,428,897 based and space-based telescopes of the future. TESS collaborators are the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Date issued: 8 January 2013 NASA Ames Research Center, Orbital Sciences Corporation, U.S. Patent no.: 8,350,767 The Laboratory’s role in the development of TESS is threefold: the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Space camera detector design, development, and testing; optical Telescope Science Institute, and the Aerospace Corporation.
18 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 19 technology inNOVATION
The closed-up clamshell dome for LLCD’s ground terminal sits adjacent to the converted shipping container that houses all the control and modem electronics, laser transmitters, and the unique receiver, as well as the control room.
The Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration space terminal’s optical module is shown during laboratory system testing. This view shows the mostly reflective “window” covering the 10 cm telescope, the open launch latch, and the multilayer insulation blanketing that helps preserve a controlled thermal environment.
Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration In this photo of the LLCD’s transportable ground terminal, an array of four large downlink telescopes and an array of four small uplink telescopes are shown. The The space terminal’s modem is connected to the optical module by optical fibers that spherical enclosure keeps the system at a constant temperature, and the here- For more than 30 years, the National Aeronautics and Space very small space terminal that will fly in orbit around the moon can be seen in the tube off to the left. opened clamshell dome protects the system from the elements. Administration (NASA) has been seeking to develop technol- and a transportable ground terminal that will reside for the ogies that could someday greatly increase the amount of data experiment in White Sands, New Mexico. module ride aboard the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment environmental effects on such systems, and demonstrate the that can be returned from its deep-space science probes. The Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft, launched on a Minotaur V rocket great utility of the technology to potential users. distances involved are thousands of times greater than those The space terminal includes a 10-centimeter gimbaled telescope from Wallops Island, Virginia, on 6 September. for which present-day communication satellites are configured, and a fiber-coupled modem carrying an uplink receiver and a The combination of the two-hour lunar orbit, the turning of and traditional satellite communication methods do not scale 0.5-watt laser transmitter. The system is designed to support The LLCD ground terminal consists of an array of four uplink the Earth, and the small spacecraft battery constrained laser to solve the problem of extremely long-distance data trans- data rates of up to 20 megabits per second (Mbps) on the uplink telescopes and an array of four downlink telescopes, all communication operations to a few 20-minute periods per mittal. Optical communications, with its very narrow beams and and up to 622 Mbps on the downlink. These rates are somewhat connected to modems via optical fibers. The downlink receiver day during the one-month demonstration period beginning in extremely wide and unregulated electromagnetic spectrum, has higher than rates achieved by the best radio systems ever fielded is the most sensitive high-speed laser communications receiver mid-October. On 17 October, the LLCD used a pulsed laser long been considered a promising solution to NASA’s deep- to the moon and much higher than those achieved during most ever fielded. It uses arrays of single-photon-detection technol- beam to transmit data over the 239,000 miles from the moon to space communication needs. typical space missions. The LLCD system also has the capability ogies based on superconducting nanowires, all of which were Earth at a record-breaking data-download speed of 622 Mbps. to use its wide bandwidth signals to create continuous-time designed and fabricated at Lincoln Laboratory. LLCD also demonstrated a data-upload speed of 20 Mbps on a Lincoln Laboratory has designed and built the Lunar Laser ranging estimates with subcentimeter accuracy. Pointing and laser beam transmitted from a ground station in New Mexico to Communication Demonstration (LLCD) system for NASA as the stabilizing the very narrow beam are enabled by a novel inertial The goals of the LLCD are to validate the specific system and the LADEE spacecraft; this speed is 5000 times faster than the first step toward meeting such needs. The system consists of a stabilization subsystem. These two modules plus a controller terminal designs, corroborate the models of atmospheric and upload speed of the best radio system ever flown to the moon.
20 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 21 TeChnOLOgy InnOVaTIOn
Image enhancement and export
Slew to cue full-motion video assets
User-controlled region-of-interest selection boxes
Video playback Time bar controls and displays
Processed data are served to a custom viewer that runs on a separate workstation. The system can support multiple viewers with up to 20 simultaneous regions of interest per viewer. Because of the extensive preprocessing prior to storage, tiled compression, and fast access enabled by solid-state drives, the viewer is able to access imagery at a high rate. Playback speed of archived data is approximately 20 times that of the collection speed. Because users can skip video durations with no region-of-interest detections, they can perform forensic observations quickly in parallel to supporting real-time monitoring. In addition, annotated subimages from the video can be generated and disseminated for targets of interest.
This interior view of WIsP-360 shows the lens and the folding mirrors.
WISP-360 records video data within a large FOV at full resolution for one month. This video data, which has wide-Area Infrared System been stitched, gain balanced, nonuniformity corrected, geo-calibrated, and compressed in real time, not only can for 360° Persistent Surveillance be examined in real time to observe ongoing activity at a site, but also can be reviewed forensically to analyze the The Wide-Area Infrared System for 360° Persistent Surveillance (WISP-360) is a long-wave infrared imaging dynamics of past activities. system that produces and records 360° × 20° 100-megapixel-class panoramic video data at a rate of one frame every two seconds. This tower-mounted system utilizes real-time processing and exploitation tools to The WISP-360 camera head is a two-dimensional provide daytime and nighttime 360° persistent surveillance of a ground area and enables automatic detections scanning system that uses the unique digital focal plane of moving targets. array, developed by Lincoln Laboratory, to capture the scanned scene. Video data and metadata recorded from The system was designed for monitoring remote sites and critical infrastructure, providing a 24-hour, seven-days- an inertial measurement unit and from position encoders a-week situational awareness that is vital for the protection of military outposts and national assets. Six WISP-360 on the azimuth and scanning mirror drives are sent to a systems have been successfully transitioned to the Army to help protect forward operating bases. Since WISP’s processing server over a single fiber at rates exceeding deployment, the Laboratory has focused on the reduction of the camera’s size, weight, and power, and on the 1 gigabyte per second. The near-real-time processing incorporation of higher pixel-count detector arrays. These advances target the demonstration of a 300-megapixel- chain is run on a multicore 3U server and leverages class capture system contained within a modified MX-15 turret (Mini-WISP) in 2013. graphics processing units and custom JPEG-2000 compression boards to handle the high raw-data rates. The WISP-360 has significantly enhanced infrared video surveillance capabilities by expanding the field of view (FOV) processed data are stored on a bank of high-speed drives that can be achieved. Traditional infrared video systems produce high-resolution imagery, but only through “soda and made available to any user on the Internet protocol WIsP-360 has a ruggedized housing that is sealed against dust, straw” views that make surveillance inefficient because multiple images must be captured sequentially to provide network via a client server application, called WISPView, moisture, and humidity. The window in the casing is made of a wide-area observation of a site. that allows the user to monitor the full 360° scene. germanium and has a scratch-resistant carbon exterior coating.
22 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 23 MISSION AREAS 25
Space Control 26
Air and Missile Defense Technology 28
Communication Systems 30
Cyber Security and Information Sciences 32
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Systems and Technology 34
Tactical Systems 36
Advanced Technology 38
Homeland Protection 40
Air Traffi c Control 42
Engineering 44
Prototype of the Multifunction Phased Array Radar panel mission areas
Leadership Space Control
Dr. Grant H. Stokes Mr. Lawrence M. Candell Dr. William J. Donnelly III Mr. Craig E. Perini
Lincoln Laboratory develops technology that enables the nation’s space surveillance system to meet the challenges of space situational awareness. The SIW LTCC RF detector filters (×9) circuits, silicon Laboratory works with systems to detect, track, Schottky diodes (×9) and identify man-made satellites; collects orbital- debris detection data to support space-flight safety; performs satellite mission and payload assessment; and investigates technology to improve monitoring of the space environment, including space weather and Dividing network atmospheric and ionospheric effects. The technology (GaAs) Lange couplers emphasis is the application of new components and RO4350B substrate algorithms to enable sensors with greatly enhanced MMIC capabilities and to support the development of net- amplifier RF input centric processing systems for the nation’s Space 18–29 GHz
Surveillance Network. The ultra-compact nine-channel microwave spectrometer subassembly prototype utilizes low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology to enable high-performance microwave atmospheric sensing from The Haystack Ultrawideband Satellite Imaging Radar (HUSIR) 37-meter-diameter primary reflector surface achieved its final precision alignment goal, allowing final dual-band very small platforms, including cubesats and unmanned aerial vehicles. (X and W) integration and testing to proceed in preparation for transitioning HUSIR to operational use in the U.S. Space Surveillance Network.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ The Space Surveillance Telescope (SST), This new technology enables high-perfor- the integration of a sidecar to enable architecture. Initial testing demonstrated ■■ After completing a Military Utility Assessment, it is anticipated that the SST will become a 3.5-meter telescope for searching deep mance microwave atmospheric sensing real-time exposure of the AN/TPY-2 a robust new object-discovery system, a contributing sensor in the U.S. Space Surveillance Network (SSN). space, is nearing completion of its full from very small platforms, including data net-centrically over the Global routine tactical handoffs from optical checkout. Formal testing and evalu- cubesats and unmanned air vehicles. Information Grid. search sensors to radar, and a dramati- ■■ After final integration and testing, HUSIR will be the first new Lincoln Space Surveillance ation has shown that the SST exceeds cally improved surveillance capacity of Complex sensor since the addition of the Haystack Auxiliary Radar in the early 1990s. preprogram expectations. ■■ To inform the development of a robust ■■ A new field site facility in Colorado existing sensors. Staff from the Lexington Space Situational Awareness Center have begun training architecture for space situational Springs, Colorado, was opened. It will and preparations to help ensure a smooth transition of this unique dual-band (X and ■■ The final precision alignment of the awareness, the Laboratory conducted provide mission planning and data ■■ The Laboratory contributed to on-orbit W) asset into SSN operations. Future efforts will focus on data exploitation and on an 37-meter-diameter primary reflector trade studies examining how existing and analysis in support of the operations of checkout of the Suomi National Polar- increase in transmitter power to enable imaging of deep-space objects. surface of the Haystack Ultrawideband planned capabilities supporting other the Space-Based Space Surveillance orbiting Partnership satellite launched Satellite Imaging Radar (HUSIR) was mission areas may be leveraged for appli- (SBSS) spacecraft, and will serve on 28 October 2011. Data processing ■■ Lincoln Laboratory will continue to support SBSS operations and assist Air Force successfully completed. The aligned cation to space situational awareness. as an integration and test facility for algorithms of the Cross-Track Infrared personnel in exploring novel tactics, techniques, and procedures to employ SBSS surface focuses the beam of the W-band introducing new capabilities for space Sounder, the Advanced Technology capabilities to fill gaps in U.S. space situational awareness. radar to less than 0.006 degrees. ■■ Lincoln Laboratory participated in an situational awareness. Microwave Sounder, and the Visible/ experiment jointly sponsored by Air Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite were ■■ The Laboratory will contribute technical advice and execute risk-reduction activities for ■■ Lincoln Laboratory developed and Force Space Command and the Missile ■■ The Tactical Space Situational optimized and validated and are now the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC) Mission System acquisition program, which tested an ultra-compact, nine-channel Defense Agency to demonstrate the Awareness initiative integrates entering operational use. is delivering a modernized, net-centric command-and-control system to enable multiple microwave spectrometer prototype utility and concept of operation for Laboratory sensor technology programs JSpOC missions in support of U.S. Strategic Command and its Combatant Commanders. under the NASA Advanced Component sharing operational sensors between with net-centric, multisensor fusion Technology program. The packaged, mission areas. This effort involved the test beds to operate the Lincoln Space flight-ready subassembly consumes development of a tasking interface Surveillance Center as an operational 363 mW of power with a mass of 87.7 g. for an AN/TPY-2 X-band radar and prototype for a modern space control
26 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 27 MIssIOn areas
Leadership Air and Missile Defense Technology
Dr. Hsiao-hua K. Burke Dr. Andrew D. Gerber Mr. Gerald C. Augeri Mr. Dennis J. Keane
Lincoln Laboratory develops and assesses integrated SM-3 Block 1B systems for defense against ballistic missiles, cruise seeker missiles, and air vehicles in tactical, regional, and homeland defense applications. activities include the investigation of system architectures, development of advanced sensor and decision support technologies, development of flight-test hardware, extensive field measurements and data analysis, and the verification Lincoln Laboratory has made signifi cant and assessment of deployed system capabilities. a contributions to the sM-3 Block 1B program, including sensor development, strong emphasis is on rapidly prototyping sensor and modeling and simulation, ground and system concepts and algorithms, and on transferring captive-carry data collection, and real- time processor development. at left is The Laboratory is prototyping an electronic attack payload, resulting technologies to government contractors the sM-3 Block 1B seeker. Potential including an advanced, wideband, scanning, dual-polarized future upgrades to the system include responsible for developing operational systems. antenna array and a modular, channelized processing chain. the insertion of digital focal plane array technology (above).
The gimbaled slotted planar array in the gimballed airborne Test radar test bed collects coherent range-Doppler measurements to demonstrate and evaluate the performance of advanced radar tracking and discrimination algorithms.
Principal 2013 accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ Key contributions were made to the AN/TPY-2 and Ground-Based Radar ■■ Several milestones were achieved ■■ Work continued on a Future Naval ■■ The increasing vulnerability of deployed U.S. forces and friends and allies to large planning, execution, and post-mission Prototype (GBR-P) radars on regional and under the RTS Improvement and Capabilities (FNC) program entitled attacks by medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles mandates greater evaluation of the October 2012 FTI-01 strategic missile defense tests in 2013. Modernization Program. The Optics Integrated Active and Electronic Defense, emphasis on improving regional BMD battlespace and raid-handling capabilities. and the September 2013 FT0-01 events, Modernization Program achieved initial which provides integrated hard-kill and Lincoln Laboratory will continue to have key responsibilities in Aegis BMD global the most complex integrated live-fire ■■ Lincoln Laboratory led the MDA Counter- operational capability (IOC) for two soft-kill engagement scheduling for requirements and specifically the Phased Adaptive Approach. missile defense tests ever conducted. Countermeasure (CCM) team, providing telescope systems, and the Real-Time future shipboard combat systems. This Activities in Lexington, Mass.; Huntsville, technical guidance as CCM Chief Open Systems Architecture project project builds on a previous program and ■■ The Department of Defense has begun to focus on the anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) Ala.; and the Reagan Test Site (RTS) Scientist for MDA. Activities focused on reached IOCs with the Millimeter-Wave, extends the coordination approach to the problem. As a result of this new focus, detailed kill-chain assessments are needed to at Kwajalein spanned the entire test the development of mitigation techniques ARPA Lincoln C-band Observables multiship force level. determine vulnerabilities of current capabilities, and new concepts will be needed for the cycle and focused on the significant and algorithms effective against a broad Radar (ALCOR), and MPS radars. The United States to effectively maintain its freedom of action in an A2/AD environment. challenges to test success. spectrum of advanced ballistic missile Real-Time Telemetry Open Systems and ■■ The Laboratory’s increased role in the defense (BMD) countermeasures. RTS mission Automation and Decision development and assessment of over- ■■ The Navy has begun investing heavily in electronic warfare capabilities, with an eye ■■ The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) Guidance was provided for the Integrated Support development projects also the-horizon radar capabilities included toward developing more advanced soft-kill capabilities to complement the conventional Sensors Directorate fielded a debris- System-Level Discrimination effort. achieved important early milestones. the development and demonstration of hard-kill capabilities. The Laboratory is helping the Navy shape a technology portfolio mitigation real-time experiment (sidecar) new signal processing techniques to to ensure that electronic warfare capabilities are adequately addressed across naval built by the Laboratory on the AN/TPY-2 ■■ The Laboratory supports development of ■■ A design and risk-reduction effort mitigate clutter and ionospheric propa- platforms and weapons systems. forward-based radar during the FTI-01 countermeasure concepts as part of the continued for ship-based electronic gation challenges, development and test. This experiment provided early Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) countermeasure that will improve the demonstration of a next generation of ■■ The RTS will continue to enhance its capabilities to meet future challenging test testing of near-term pre- and post- development. As the Red Team, the Navy’s capability to defend ships against fully digital array architectures, and inves- scenarios and real-world events. Efforts will focus on state-of-the-art telemetry and intercept debris-mitigation algorithms. Laboratory has developed countermea- advanced antiship missile threats. tigation of the impact of various forms of range safety systems, more flexible sensor utilization and concepts of operation, The sidecar was also employed for sures to test counter-countermeasure interference on system performance. improved decision aids, enhanced connectivity and interoperability, and increased additional experimentation using the techniques for the emerging BMDS. capability to efficiently track and characterize complex scenarios.
28 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 29 mission areas
Leadership Communication Systems
Dr. J. Scott Stadler Dr. Roy S. Bondurant Dr. James Ward Dr. Don M. Boroson Dr. David R. McElroy
Lincoln Laboratory is working to enhance and protect the capabilities of the nation’s global Receive aperture Transmit apertures defense networks. Emphasis is placed on Four intertwined nanowires synthesizing communication system architectures, developing component technologies, building and demonstrating end-to-end system prototypes, and then transferring this technology to industry for deployment in operational systems. Current efforts focus on radio-frequency military satellite communications, free-space laser communications, tactical network radios, quantum systems, and spectrum operations.
14 µm diameter 80 nm width, 4 nm thick
Superconducting nanowire detector arrays developed by Researchers in the Optical Communications Technology Group prepare to verify The Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration ground terminal makes use of four 15 cm transmit Lincoln Laboratory enable receiver sensitivities of ~2 bits/ electrical interconnections prior to powered testing of the Lunar Laser Communication apertures and four 40 cm receive apertures to achieve data rates of 622 Mbits/sec from a Lunar photon. Interleaving multiple nanowire detectors results in Demonstration terminal that is integrated onto the spacecraft. orbiter to Earth. shorter equivalent reset times and enables higher data rates.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ Lincoln Laboratory shipped the ■■ Lincoln Laboratory successfully modem in this terminal is the first imple- ■■ The Lincoln Ka-Band Test Terminal was ■■ Lincoln Laboratory will be developing advanced radio-frequency hardware, signal space payload for the Lunar Laser completed the preliminary design of a mentation that adheres to the future used to perform operational testing processing, and network protocols that optimize the effectiveness of future communi- Communication Demonstration to NASA compact airborne laser communication security and robustness requirements of of the Wideband Global SATCOM cation, sensing, and electronic warfare systems in contested environments. Ames Research Center for integration terminal that operates in an aggressive the system. System’s wideband bypass mode for onto the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust environment over a wide field of regard. high-rate communications. ■■ Lincoln Laboratory’s protected SATCOM terminals will continue to be used to control Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft. ■■ A tactical airborne communications the nation’s protected SATCOM constellations and to provide post-launch calibration. The optical ground terminal was also ■■ The Laboratory’s reference terminals for road map study was completed by the ■■ Near-quantum-limited sensitivity was shipped to White Sands Missile Range, the Advanced Extremely High-Frequency Laboratory and provided to the Office demonstrated in an optically pream- ■■ A test bed developed by Lincoln Laboratory will be used by multiple industry teams to New Mexico. This mission, launched in (AEHF) military satellite communications of the Under Secretary of Defense for plified coherent modem operating at demonstrate compatibility with a new waveform for protected military SATCOM. September 2013, demonstrated high-rate systems were utilized by the government Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics 10 and 20 Gbps with world-record laser communication from the lunar- and were instrumental in the checkout, to set the direction for next-generation 2 photon-per-bit sensitivity. ■■ The Laboratory will continue to influence the evolution of airborne tactical wireless orbiting LADEE spacecraft back to Earth. calibration, and characterization efforts wireless tactical systems. networks by developing prototype systems and characterizing their performance in leading to the successful integration flight and field testing. ■■ A digital-transmitter-on-chip phased of the second AEHF satellite into the ■■ The Laboratory successfully completed array under development uses custom nation’s military satellite communications shock-vibration and thermal-vacuum ■■ Lincoln Laboratory will continue maturing the design of the prototype compact airborne silicon-germanium and gallium-arsenide (SATCOM) architecture. qualification of a space-compatible lasercom terminal to critical design stage and will complete the development of a high- application-specific integrated circuits optical differential phase-shift-keyed fidelity optical test bed to support functional testing. and nonlinear waveform predistortion ■■ A ground mobile terminal capable of modem that operates over a wide range techniques to achieve linear efficient connecting to the recently launched of rates (2 Mbps–1.25 Gbps) with near ■■ The Laboratory’s advances in laser communications technology and recent studies power transmitters. This technology is AEHF satellites was developed by the quantum-limited sensitivity. suggest that useful undersea laser communications concepts may now be technically applicable to future communications, Laboratory and demonstrated in opera- feasible. Additional analysis, experimentation, and concept development targeted at radar, and electronic warfare systems. tional scenarios. The small-form-factor Navy applications will be pursued.
30 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 31 mission areas
Leadership Cyber Security and Information Sciences
Mr. Stephen B. Rejto Dr. Marc A. Zissman Mr. David R. Martinez
Lincoln Laboratory conducts research, development, evaluation, and deployment of prototype components and systems designed to improve the security of computer networks, hosts, and applications. Efforts include cyber analysis; creation and demonstration of architectures that can operate through cyber attacks; development of prototypes that demonstrate the practicality and value of new techniques for cryptography, automated threat analysis, anti-tamper systems, and malicious code detection; and, where appropriate, deployment of prototype technology to national-level exercises and operations.
To complement this work, advanced hardware, software, and The Laboratory developed a technology that protects algorithm technologies are developed for processing large, stored information without standby power. The technology is based on a physical unclonable function high-dimensional datasets from a wide range of sources. In made of a planar optical waveguide coating, shown on the human language technology area, emphasis is placed on the printed circuit board above. The physical unclonable function forms a unique “fingerprint” that can only be realistic data and experimental evaluation of techniques for Marius © 2013 Photo: T. read from inside the coating. Attempts to read the speech recognition, dialect identification, speech and audio A student from the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center is using In the coming year, the Cyber Systems and Operations Group will be working on systems for command and information from outside alter the structure, destroying Lincoln Laboratory’s pronunciation assessment tool (NetProF) to improve her Arabic control of the cyber domain and will continue to transition these capabilities to the user community. the stored information. Providing such a response signal enhancement, and machine translation. speaking skills. without constant standby power simplifies logistics and reduces costs.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ A novel approach for measuring network ■■ The Laboratory assisted in the ■■ A study of cyber ranges was expanded to ■■ A novel synchronous computer archi- ■■ Lincoln Laboratory will continue developing novel analytics, visualizations, and systems security by using continuous monitoring modernization of the U.S. Air Force Air support the Test Resources Management tecture that takes advantage of on-chip for cognition and control of the cyber domain, and will continue to work with operational techniques was developed. The methods Operations Center by developing and Center. The study defined national silicon photonics inter-networking was communities to transition these capabilities. will become the basis for Federal assessing a proof-of-concept integrated needs, architectures, and standards developed. Information Security Management Act air and missile defense planner. for interoperability for all Department of ■■ Research and development efforts will continue to enable the U.S. government to security guidelines. Defense cyber ranges. ■■ A suite of shared cloud computing effectively protect its data and services for strategic and tactical use, to develop ■■ The Lincoln Adaptable Real-time technologies was demonstrated; it effective cyber decision support, and to enable efficient use of government and ■■ The Lincoln Open Cryptographic Key Information Assurance Testbed (LARIAT) ■■ New techniques were developed for included the simultaneous launch and commercial resources. Management Architecture (LOCKMA) supported several national cyber characterizing, analyzing, and searching execution of a virtual machine, database, software implementation won a 2012 exercises, including Cyber Flag, Red large datasets; these techniques employ and data analytics. ■■ Lincoln Laboratory will strengthen its position as the leader in cyber range capabilities R&D 100 Award, and the stand-alone Flag, and Terminal Fury. content graphs based on speaker and and in the performance of tests and evaluations for research systems. The Laboratory crypto processor implementation, known topic similarity metrics. expects to have national impact across core areas: red teaming, system protection, as SHAMROCK, won an award for one of ■■ Lincoln Laboratory developed a new range infrastructure, and test and evaluation. the best Laboratory inventions in 2012. system that applies speech recognition ■■ The Laboratory made significant technology to aid foreign language progress in developing background ■■ The Laboratory will extend its work on machine translation and document analysis to ■■ A team of researchers participated in learners in developing their pronun- models for social interaction networks enable effective cross-language search and information retrieval from foreign language two large Combatant Command military ciation skills; the initial system, which and demonstrated the applicability of documents by analysts operating in English. exercises and delivered two novel cyber addresses Arabic pronunciation, has statistical graph analytics on a variety situational awareness tools into cyber been delivered to the Defense Language of datasets, including structured and ■■ Several new high-performance computing clusters will enable a capability for rapidly operational cells. Institute Foreign Language Center unstructured reports, cyber security log prototyping a wide array of data analytics and simulations across the technical areas. (DLIFLC), and is being pilot-tested by files, and geointelligence. Researchers will also be demonstrating statistical graph analytics on more varied DLIFLC students and faculty. datasets and at greater scales that will impact the way intelligence fusion is conducted.
32 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 33 mission areas
Leadership Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Systems and Technology Dr. Robert T-I. Shin Mr. Robert A. Bond Dr. Justin J. Brooke Dr. Melissa G. Choi Dr. William D. Ross
To expand intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, Lincoln Laboratory conducts research and development in advanced sensing, signal and image processing, automatic target classification, decision support The Laboratory is leveraging the systems, and high-performance computing. By leveraging success of the Airborne Ladar Imaging Research Testbed system to these disciplines, the Laboratory produces novel ISR system develop a 3D imaging ladar system for the U.S. Southern Command to concepts for both surface and undersea applications. Sensor uncover clandestine activity in heavily technology for ISR includes passive and active electro-optical foliated areas. The system’s high area collection rates are enabled by quad systems, surface surveillance radar, radio-frequency (RF) 64 × 256 Geiger-mode avalanche geolocation, and undersea acoustic surveillance. Increasingly, photodiode arrays. The system is being integrated onto an aircraft the work extends from sensors and sensor platforms to for transition to operation in 2014. include the processing, exploitation, and dissemination The Lincoln Laboratory–developed ground processing station will employ technologies that transform sensor data into the information sophisticated algorithms to facilitate and situational awareness needed by operational users. timely exploitation of imagery.
Prototype ISR systems developed from successful concepts Laboratory staff installed the Wide-Area Infrared System for 360° Persistent are then transitioned to industry and the user community. Surveillance (WISP-360) on the deck of a ship in preparation for system testing. Shawn Adams, Edwin LeFave, and Matthew Karas were part of the team that helped demonstrate the system capability for maritime situational awareness.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ The Laboratory developed three of overseas operations. This system and enables efficient data exchange target indication (GMTI) for vehicles and ■■ Significant efforts supporting the Air Force with architecture engineering, systems wide-area, motion imaging systems has proven to be very valuable to U.S. among ground-based ISR systems. dismounted personnel. This pod-based analysis, technology development, and advanced capability prototyping are expected, for visible and infrared persistent ground operations. Also, a new 3D Several prototypes were delivered to radar was designed to be integrated and but with increasing emphasis on security challenges in the Asia-Pacific region. surveillance that are now operating in ladar for the U.S. Southern Command sponsors for operational testing. fielded on an MQ-9 unmanned air vehicle. deployed situations. The Wide-Area is nearing completion. The ladar is The Laboratory is incorporating advanced ■■ Enhanced activities in electronic warfare and Navy maritime and undersea surveillance Infrared System for 360° Persistent optimized for detection and character- ■■ Automation techniques were developed dismount signal processing modes into are expected as part of the national shift to security challenges in the Asia-Pacific region. Surveillance (WISP-360) is an infrared, ization of structures under foliage cover, to reduce operator workload for the contractor-developed system to ground-based sensor that is integrated provides enhanced area coverage, and distributed maritime surveillance provide warfighter capability and to verify ■■ Emphasis on ISR data exploitation will continue as new wide-area sensing capabilities with existing tower-based surveil- can help to distinguish natural from systems. The Laboratory also developed the open architecture design. are fielded. Research will focus on automation techniques to address the growing lance systems. The Multi-Aperture man-made targets. and optimized sonar technology analyst workload, as well as on techniques for fusion and statistical inferencing with Sparse Imager Video System (MASIVS), employed by autonomous undersea ■■ For automated exploitation of GMTI radar multisource sensor data and non-sensor data sources. an 880-megapixel, color, airborne ■■ Radar processing techniques were vehicles in antisubmarine warfare. data, the Laboratory’s Pyxis software sensor, was deployed for collection of developed to improve detection of small The sonar signal processing provides was operationally deployed. Pyxis ■■ The Laboratory will help the government develop, prototype, and employ open-system wide-area motion imagery. The Imaging land and maritime targets. Several of computationally efficient target detection enhances detection of subtle activity architecture paradigms for sensors, avionics payloads, unmanned system ground System for Immersive Surveillance these techniques were selected for and classification, and was selected patterns, supporting real-time cross- control stations, and future common ground systems for data exploitation. (ISIS), a 240-megapixel, color, optical transition into operational systems and for inclusion into other Navy distributed cueing of other assets. The Laboratory sensor, was deployed for critical infra- systems under development. surveillance systems. also delivered cloud-based software ■■ Enhanced activity in airborne RF geolocation systems will evolve in response to the structure protection. analytics for analyzing massive unstruc- evolution of commercial computing and networked communications technology. ■■ A Laboratory-developed ultrahigh-data- ■■ The Laboratory supported the devel- tured intelligence datasets. These tools ■■ The Laboratory’s Airborne Ladar Imaging rate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) opment of the Air Force’s new Dismount have proven effective at automated data ■■ Laser-based sensing will expand into new applications as the technology for optical Research Testbed (ALIRT) system system sets new standards for non-line- Detection Radar, which will provide mining and analysis, and were deployed waveforms and coherent laser-based sensing improves. completed its 500th flight in support of-sight, low-power communication links wide-area persistent ground moving to multiple government agencies.
34 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 35 mission areas
Leadership Tactical Systems
Dr. Robert T-I. Shin Dr. Justin J. Brooke Dr. Melissa G. Choi Dr. Kevin P. Cohen Dr. Marc N. Viera
Lincoln Laboratory assists the Department of Defense (DoD) in improving the development and employment of various tactical air and counterterrorism systems through a range of activities that include systems analysis to assess technology impact on operationally relevant scenarios, Lincoln Laboratory detailed and realistic instrumented tests, and rapid is developing new technology for prototype development of U.S. and representative threat conducting military systems. A tight coupling between the Laboratory’s efforts missions with ground-penetrating and DoD sponsors and warfighters ensures that these radar. A prototype analyses and prototype systems are relevant and beneficial system is shown integrated on to the warfighter. an Army Husky vehicle for combat evaluation.
The dual-band, pod-mounted sensor developed for the Airborne Seeker Test Bed is used for airborne infrared imaging and data collection.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ Lincoln Laboratory continues to provide ■■ Assessments of the impact of ■■ An assessment of the capabilities and ■■ Development is continuing on a number ■■ Lincoln Laboratory will continue to develop, assess, and demonstrate innovative a comprehensive assessment of options exporting advanced military systems limitations of infrared sensors and of significant U.S. Air Force quick- concepts for enhancing the survivability of U.S. air vehicles. Advanced technology will for U.S. Air Force airborne electronic were performed for the Office of seekers to support beyond-visual- reaction capabilities designed to field enable novel countermeasure, sensor, and system architecture solutions. Assessments attack against foreign surveillance, target the Undersecretary of Defense for range passive air-to-air engagements prototypes of critical new intelligence, and concept demonstrations will support new capability development and future acquisition, and fire-control radars. This Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics included systems analysis, development surveillance, and reconnaissance technology road maps. assessment includes systems analysis and Congress to help inform the of detailed models of infrared search technology supporting counterterrorism of proposed options, development of decision-making process for major and track systems and imaging infrared missions. These efforts leverage existing ■■ Under several new programs, the Laboratory will provide innovative and novel concepts detailed models of threat radars and their export programs. missile seekers, and both laboratory Air Force MQ-9 unmanned aerial vehicle and prototype systems for countering terrorism. Increased emphasis will be on enduring electronic protection systems, and testing and captive-carry testing of various assets and provide pod-based sensors global protection challenges as the Afghanistan drawdown continues. of various electronic attack systems. ■■ The Laboratory continued a detailed surrogate systems. and additional processing, exploitation, analysis of the impact of digital radio- and dissemination capabilities. An ■■ The Laboratory will support the U.S. Air Force tactical community through systems ■■ The Laboratory developed a common frequency memory-based electronic ■■ The Laboratory is developing advanced initial set of prototype pods has been analysis, advanced capability prototyping, and measurement campaigns. These efforts open-systems architecture to upgrade attack on air-to-air weapon system architectures and technologies for use completed, integrated on MQ-9 aircraft, will address a broad spectrum of needs, particularly the evolving security challenges in legacy systems and to allow evaluation of performance. Results from flight testing, in next-generation counter-improvised and designated for transition. the Pacific region. foreign air defense threats. The archi- systems analysis, and hardware-in- explosive device (IED) electronic attack tecture has been applied to upgrade older the-loop laboratories have been used systems. Activities this year culminated ■■ Growth is expected in the Laboratory’s electronic warfare contributions to the DoD surveillance and target-acquisition radars to improve U.S. electronic protection in a field demonstration of a significantly community, predominantly in the areas of electronic protection for tactical aircraft and to include advanced signal processing systems and to inform senior DoD advanced capability intended for use ground vehicles, and electronic support measures for airborne signals intelligence and electronic protection, as well as leadership’s decision-making process in future Counter Radio-Controlled IED (SIGINT) capabilities. instrumentation to support high-speed for future system capabilities and Electronic Warfare (CREW) systems. data recording and analysis capabilities. technology investments. ■■ The Laboratory will continue to develop and deploy novel quick-reaction prototype capabilities for the U.S. Air Force and Army.
36 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 37 mission areas
Leadership Advanced Technology
Dr. Robert G. Atkins Dr. Craig L. Keast Dr. Simon Verghese Dr. Barry E. Burke
The Advanced Technology mission supports national security by identifying new phenomenology that can be exploited in novel system applications and by then developing revolutionary advances in subsystem and This Ku-band airborne sense- component technologies that enable key, new system and-avoid radar, capabilities. These goals are accomplished by a community shown during installation on a of dedicated employees with deep technical expertise, Twin Otter aircraft, has separate collectively knowledgeable across a wide range of relevant transmit and receive disciplines and working in unique, world-class facilities. apertures. The radar electronically This highly multidisciplinary work leverages solid-state performs a two- electronic and electro-optical technologies, innovative dimensional scan every 2 seconds chemistry, materials science, advanced radio-frequency (RF) and can search technology, and quantum information science. a 10 nmi area to locate a target as small as 10 dBsm.
The subthreshold field-programmable gate array test chip demonstrated a record low programming voltage (0.26V) by In this high-energy laser fiber array, the spacing between elements is 1.5 mm. replacing static random-access memory with latches.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ A novel technique with the potential for ■■ A record optical power of 50 W in a ■■ Record coherence times were achieved ■■ The Laboratory has applied the ultralow- ■■ A need to perform worldwide monitoring will grow, motivating the development of new highly sensitive remote detection of trace diffraction-limited beam was achieved by in two-dimensional and three-dimen- power (ULP) complementary metal-oxide sensor capabilities in a variety of areas, including ladar, passive imaging, and radar. vapors and/or aerosols was demon- coherently combining a 47-element array sional transmon superconducting semiconductor (CMOS) technology to strated for the first time. of 1.06 µm wavelength slab-coupled qubits for quantum computing applica- a ULP field-programmable gate array ■■ Growing emphasis in defending the global commons (Earth’s collective natural optical waveguide (SCOW) amplifiers. tions. These devices used larger mode (FPGA). A small-scale demonstration environment and shared services) will require advanced capabilities designed for ■■ A significant milestone in the combining The Laboratory also collaborated with volumes and epitaxial materials to FPGA is currently being fabricated in contested environments, prompting component developments in RF electronics, lasers, of fiber lasers was recently reached Science Research Laboratory to demon- achieve these results. the Microelectronics Laboratory, and a imagers, computation, and microsystems. with the demonstration of record power strate over 200 W continuous power larger array is being designed for fabri- with high beam quality and electrical (uncombined) from 100-element dense ■■ An additional curved focal surface, cation in 2014. ■■ Continuing concerns with irregular warfare will motivate the scaling of sensor capabil- efficiency. SCOW laser arrays for use as high- consisting of back-illuminated charge- ities to a more distributed battlefield, allowing advanced sensing at lower echelons. brightness fiber-laser pumps. coupled-device (CCD) imagers, is ■■ In the area of heterogeneous integration ■■ An engineering development unit being prepared for use by the Space of electronic-photonic components, ■■ The increasing importance of sensing chemical, radiological, and explosive threats will version of the Rapid Agent Aerosol ■■ The RF Enhanced Digital System on Chip Surveillance Telescope program, the Laboratory, in collaboration with heighten the demand for new systems capable of detecting these threats. Detector (RAAD) was completed. (REDSOC) effort has developed a fully developed by the Defense Advanced MIT campus, has completed the design RAAD provides an upgrade to the Joint integrated system-on-chip design and Research Projects Agency. of silicon photonic components and ■■ Highly scaled computation systems will be needed to exploit large datasets acquired Biological Point Detection System, submitted that design for fabrication at electronic circuits that will be three- from new sensing modalities; this need will drive the exploration into low-power enabling bioaerosol triggering at lower a silicon foundry. The design achieves dimensionally integrated via oxide computing approaches. false trigger rates and providing better record receiver performance in a very bonding. maintainability than current state-of-the- small size, weight, and power. ■■ The proliferation of autonomous systems will compel the development of additional art bioaerosol triggers. capabilities for vision, navigation, power, and communications.
38 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 39 mission areas
Leadership Homeland Protection
Dr. Israel Soibelman Mr. James M. Flavin Dr. Timothy J. Dasey
The Homeland Protection mission supports the nation’s security by innovating technology and architectures to help prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, to reduce the vulnerability of the nation to terrorism, to minimize the damage from terrorist attacks, and to facilitate recovery from either man-made or natural disasters. The broad sponsorship for this mission area spans the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and other federal, state, and local entities. Recent efforts include architecture The Laboratory’s biomedical sciences research includes enabling studies for the defense of civilians and facilities, new revolutionary, portable biomedical microfluidic technologies for DNA assembly and transformation systems through the advancement of microfluidic devices. For example, and for gene synthesis, improvement of the Enhanced the second-generation advanced Regional Situation Awareness system for the National Capital MicrofluidicG ene Assembler chips (above) now integrate 256 high- Region, the assessment of technologies for border and throughput microbiochemical maritime security, and the development of architectures and reactors—a significant advancement beyond the first-generation systems for disaster response. Dr. Carlos Aguilar (right) and Tara Boettcher of the Bioengineering Systems and Researchers are using the systems in the Bioengineering Systems and Technologies devices (left) that prototyped single Technologies Group examine a microfluidic integrated nanopore device (MIND) Group’s newly created Biomedical Speech and Hearing and Neurocognitive Laboratory. microbiochemical reactors. designed to measure chromatin modifications on single molecules.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ The Next-Generation Incident Command Environmental Medicine to develop experiential learning for decision ■■ The Laboratory is providing assessment ■■ National needs for improved critical infrastructure protection, cyber security, and urgent System (NICS), developed in partnership advanced physiological monitoring makers. Game applications areas support to the DHS S&T Homeland incident and disaster response will prompt advanced information-sharing architec- with the California Department of sensors, signal processing algorithms, include law enforcement, public health, Security Advanced Research Projects tures, decision support algorithms, and data-visualization techniques for the homeland Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), and open architectures that will reduce and disaster response. Agency. Activities are focused on security enterprise. Solutions will leverage Lincoln Laboratory’s strengths in systems is being deployed statewide by CAL heat casualties, noise-induced hearing informing technology investment direc- analysis, open system architecture, and advanced sensors. FIRE and operationally evaluated by loss, and musculoskeletal load injuries ■■ The Imaging System for Immersive tions and strategies. These efforts first responders from multiple state among service members. Surveillance (ISIS) consists of a custom span a broad range of missions, ■■ The Laboratory will continue to lead the development, analysis, and testing of advanced emergency management agencies and 240 Mpixel sensor and automated video- with key examples in border security architectures for chemical and biological defense, including biometrics and forensic the Fire Department of New York. ■■ Advanced video analytics technology is exploitation algorithms for ground-based technologies. technologies for theater and homeland protection. Key areas include sensors, rapid being developed for a variety of applica- surveillance supporting critical infra- DNA sequencing and identification techniques, and data-fusion algorithms. ■■ The Laboratory continues to lead tions, including crowded domains such structure protection. Sponsored by the ■■ A Grand Challenge being led by Lincoln technology development and architec- as transportation centers and sparsely DHS Science and Technology Directorate Laboratory for the Defense Threat ■■ The Laboratory is applying its strengths in sensors and signal processing to address tures for countering chemical threats populated scenes such as at border (DHS S&T), ISIS is undergoing opera- Reduction Agency is focused on the Department of Defense’s biomedical research goals of protecting the health and and weapons of mass destruction. regions. Emphases include attribute tional testing in multiple venues. metagenomic algorithms to rapidly and performance of soldiers in both training and operational environments. Strong contribu- Accomplishments include threat video-content search, detection and accurately characterize DNA sequence tions toward these objectives are expected in synthetic biology, miniaturized sensors for phenomenology measurements, gap tracking across large camera arrays, ■■ The Laboratory is developing advanced information that is mixed within complex physiological monitoring, microfluidics, biomedical sensing, and analysis. and technology analysis, and design and and summarization tools. incident-response capabilities for the U.S. clinical and environmental samples. testing of new capabilities for warfighters Coast Guard, and is informing acqui- ■■ Securing and defending U.S. borders will motivate studies to define an integrated air, and the homeland. ■■ The Laboratory is developing serious sition strategies through assessments for land, and maritime architecture and will spur advanced sensor, data fusion, and decision game capabilities to engage end-users search and rescue, port security, cargo- support technology development. ■■ The Laboratory is working with the in exploring emerging decision vessel targeting, and environmental U.S. Army Research Institute of support technologies and to enhance protection missions.
40 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 41 mission areas
Leadership Air Traffic Control
Dr. Mark E. Weber Mr. James M. Flavin Dr. James K. Kuchar Dr. Gregg A. Shoults Dr. Marilyn M. Wolfson
S ince 1971, Lincoln Laboratory has supported the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the development of new technology for air traffic control. This work initially focused on aircraft surveillance and weather sensing, collision avoidance, and air-ground data link communication. The program has evolved to include safety applications, decision support services, and air traffic management automation tools. The current program is supporting the FAA’s Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Key activities include development of the next-generation airborne collision avoidance system; refinement and technology transfer of NextGen weather architectures, including cloud-processing and net-centric data distribution; and development of In 2013, Lincoln Laboratory is continuing the development and extension of its standards and technology supporting unmanned aerial 64-element Multifunction Phased Array Radar prototype, building toward a 10-panel demonstration array. systems’ integration into civil airspace. The team seen here flight-tested the unmanned air vehicle sense-and-avoid radar prototype developed under sponsorship of the Department ofH omeland Security.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ System performance studies and ■■ The Laboratory supported flight architecture, and to provide technology ■■ Lincoln Laboratory continues to play a ■■ Lincoln Laboratory will apply its expertise in surveillance processing, data management, hardware development were conducted tests, human-in-the-loop simulations, exhibits for use by the FAA in requests key role for the FAA in developing the algorithms, and human systems integration to increase its role in developing future for the Multifunction Phased Array Radar and fast-time computer modeling of for proposals from industry. NextGen airborne collision avoidance NextGen concepts, including Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast applica- (MPAR) to mitigate risks associated advanced Flight Management Systems system, ACAS X, which will support new tions, advanced data communications, and surface operations management. with cost, siting, frequency interference, on aircraft performing NextGen ■■ The Laboratory is developing standards flight procedures and aircraft classes. and hazardous wind-shear detection trajectory-based operations. Results and requirements to provide safe Efforts in 2013 focused on tuning ■■ The Laboratory will continue requirements definition, prototyping, and technology capability. The program is constructing a from these activities are being used to unmanned aircraft system (UAS) sense- ACAS X to meet operational suitability transfer support for next-generation weather capabilities. These include improvements 10-panel demonstration array to quantify develop requirements for automation and-avoid (SAA) capability. Also under and pilot acceptability performance in sensing technology, decision support tools for managing arrivals into congested performance parameters and to collect systems and winds-aloft forecasts that development are collision avoidance metrics by lowering collision risk while airports during severe weather, and algorithms for estimating the capacity reductions field data for signal processing and will enable aircraft to establish more algorithms for ground-based and airborne producing fewer disruptive alerts than caused by thunderstorms in en route sectors. calibration technique refinement. efficient and robust arrival metering SAA. The Laboratory supported the current systems. times and spacing intervals. successful engineering demonstration ■■ Support for FAA safety systems will continue. The Laboratory will monitor current Traffic ■■ Lincoln Laboratory continued to support of its algorithms in Army and Air Force Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) performance, and will perform flight tests the technology transfer of the Route ■■ The NextGen Weather Processor ground-based architectures deployed to and develop international standards for a next-generation airborne collision avoidance Availability Planning Tool (RAPT), (NWP) consolidates multiple legacy Dugway, Utah, and Gray Butte, California, system (ACAS X) for manned aircraft. The FAA plans to flight test the unmanned aircraft currently operational in New York and FAA weather processing platforms and respectively. The Laboratory’s prototype variant of ACAS X in 2014. Chicago, to deployment in Philadelphia introduces new functionality, such as lightweight, low-power, airborne radar and the Potomac region. RAPT is also the 0–8 hr thunderstorm-forecasting for SAA was successfully flight-tested ■■ As a key contributor to the UAS community working with the FAA and RTCA, Inc., the being extended to include departure technology developed by Lincoln to collect data to refine sensing and Laboratory will help develop standards and requirements to fulfill UAS sense-and-avoid demand information and to aid in arrival Laboratory. The Laboratory is leading algorithm requirements. requirements. The Laboratory is working with the Army on the certification of an initial route management in the presence of efforts to define requirements for NWP, ground-based sense-and-avoid capability. Support to the Navy and Air Force efforts convective weather. to refine and test a reference technical continues to be strong as those services develop an airborne sense-and-avoid capability for their UAS platforms. 42 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 43 mission areas
Leadership Engineering
Dr. Eliahu H. Niewood Dr. William R. Davis Dr. Michael T. Languirand
Fundamental to the success of Lincoln Laboratory is the ability to build hardware systems incorporating advanced technology. These systems are used as platforms for testing new concepts, as prototypes for demonstrating new capabilities, and as operational systems for addressing warfighter needs. To construct the variety of systems used in programs across all mission areas, the Laboratory relies The optical module on its extensive capabilities in mechanical design and for the Lunar Laser Communication analysis, optical system design and analysis, aerodynamic Demonstration was analysis, mechanical fabrication, electronics design and delivered to NASA for integration onto the assembly, control system development, system integration, spacecraft. and environmental testing. These capabilities are centered in the Laboratory’s Engineering Division, which is an important contributor to many of the Laboratory’s most successful efforts. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system is composed of four optical sensors designed to map out the entire sky in the search for transiting exoplanets. Shown here is one of the prototype telescopes designed, built, and tested to support risk-mitigation efforts for the TESS project selected by NASA for a 2017 mission.
Principal 2013 Accomplishments Future Outlook
■■ Lincoln Laboratory’s key contribu- ■■ All three modules for the Lunar Laser ■■ Modifications were completed to the ■■ The second annual Mechanical ■■ Lincoln Laboratory is developing a strategic plan and making initial investments for tions to a proposal for the Transiting Communication Demonstration hydrostatic azimuth bearing of the Engineering Technology Symposium was its development of an ability to design and test a variety of small satellite systems, Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) completed fabrication, integration, and Haystack Ultrawideband Satellite held with sessions focusing on advanced including cubesats. Efforts are ongoing to identify applicable missions and designs to included the design, fabrication, and environment testing and were shipped Imaging Radar to allow the program to materials, integrated engineering meet those mission needs. testing of a prototype telescope for the to NASA Ames Research Center for move forward with control system testing analysis, additive manufacturing, and satellite. Successful demonstration of integration on the Lunar Atmosphere and and initial X-band operation. Alignment thermal engineering. Laboratory presen- ■■ Plans continue for a new engineering and prototyping facility. In the near future, the the telescope design was a major risk Dust Environment Explorer spacecraft. of the antenna surface was successfully tations described work, performed under Laboratory will concentrate on a detailed design of the building. factor for the system. The proposal (See page 20 for more on this program.) demonstrated at the levels needed for the engineering technology initiative, presented by the MIT Kavli Institute for W-band operation. on topics such as shock analysis and ■■ The Laboratory is making investments in technology for the in-house fabrication of Astrophysics and Space Research was ■■ The Laboratory continued to support testing, titanium fatigue strength, and several optical components in ways that will facilitate the rapid prototyping of optical accepted by the National Aeronautics efforts by the MIT Aeronautics and ■■ An engineering development unit for the solder properties. systems and the development of more compact, novel designs for aircraft and other and Space Administration (NASA). (See Astronautics Department to design, build, Rapid Agent Aerosol Detector system payloads. The initial focus will be on the innovative use of diamond-turning technology. page 19 for more on TESS.) and test the cubesat bus for the Micro- was fabricated and assembled for use sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite. in a variety of validation tests that will ■■ The Laboratory continued to invest in lead to technology transfer of the system cutting-edge fabrication and electronic ■■ New laboratories for optical system design and eventual high-rate production assembly technologies, including testing and development of autonomous by industry. sinker electrical discharge machining systems were designed and built technology and a robotic conformal coat to allow those technology areas to system for printed circuit boards. continue to grow within the engineering mission area.
44 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 45 LABORATORy INVOLVEMENT 47
Technical Education 48
Professional Development 53
Diversity and Inclusion 54
Awards and Recognition 56
Economic Impact 59
Lincoln Scholar Emily Clements and her mentor Mark Padula 46 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 47 Laboratory involvement
Technical Education Spotlight Lincoln Laboratory invests in developing and sharing the knowledge that will drive future technological Independent Activities Period at MIT Lincoln Laboratory technical staff again led activities offered during MIT’s Independent Activity Period (IAP), a four-week term spanning advances and inform the next generation of engineers. the January semester break. Under the IAP program, for-credit classes are available for registered MIT students, and non-credit activities are open to all members of the MIT community. IAP offerings range from academic seminars to hands-on engineering projects to artistic EDUCATIONAL COLLABORATIONS WITH MIT pursuits. The activities are, as the IAP website states, “distinguished by their variety, innovative spirit, and fusion of fun and learning.”
MIT Professional Education—Short Programs During the 2013 IAP, Lincoln Laboratory collaborates with MIT faculty to offer courses Lincoln Laboratory staff members organized through MIT’s Professional Education Short Programs. Short and led six non-credit Programs typically run during the summer and bring participants activities: from industry, government, and business to the campus for intensive, week-long courses designed to expand participants’ ■■ Find a Needle in a Haystack with 3D familiarity with emerging technologies. Imaging Radar — Led by Bradley Perry, 2013 Lincoln Laboratory-Led Short Programs Alan Fenn, Raoul ■■ Build a Small Phased Array Radar Sensor Ouedraogo, Glenn ■■ Build a Small Radar System Brigham, Joseph ■■ Build a Laser Radar: Design Principles, Technologies, and McMichael, Daniel Applications Rabinkin, and Gerald ■■ Rapid Robotics: Autonomous Systems with Open-Source Under MIT’s Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, Colleen Rock (in Benitz Software foreground), a senior in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ■■ 3D Manipulation of 2D Science, interned in the Active Optical Systems Group during summer 2013. She ■■ Build a Multichannel Search-and-Track Radar worked with technical staff members Peter Cho (in background) and Michael Yee (not Images — Led by pictured) on a system that organizes large imagery collections. The Image Search Peter Cho MIT VI-A Master of Engineering Thesis Program System enables users to explore the global structure of digital picture archives as well as drill-down into individual photos of interest. ■■ Hands-on Holography One MIT student in the VI-A Master of Engineering Thesis — Led by Robert Program was hired in summer 2013, and four VI-A students Freking, Christy Cull, are continuing, to work with Laboratory mentors while gaining Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program and Evan Cull experience in testing, design, development, research, and In 2013, seven undergraduates were hired in the summer ■■ Open Robotics programming. Students in the VI-A program spend two summers as part of the MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities A new IAP course proffered a challenge: Find a Needle in a Haystack with 3D Imaging Radar. Participants set up an ultrawideband imaging radar that they used to image a haystack in which needles, skewered into Styrofoam balls, had been hidden. The onscreen Laboratory — Led by as paid interns, participating in projects related to their fields. Program (UROP), which allows students to participate in every image of the haystack (below) reveals the location of needles buried inside the hay. This two-day workshop built upon techniques Michael Boulet, Aaron Then, the students are paid as research assistants while devel- aspect of onsite research—developing research proposals, covered in the other two radar-building IAP courses led by Lincoln Laboratory technical staff. Enes, Keith Ruenheck, oping their master of engineering theses under the supervision of performing experiments, analyzing data, and presenting Nicholas Armstrong- both Laboratory engineers and MIT faculty. research results. Crews, Kenneth Cole, Michael Carroll, and Research Assistantships Undergraduate Practice Opportunities Program Mark Donahue Lincoln Laboratory is currently employing 42 research assistants Lincoln Laboratory participates in the Undergraduate Practice ■■ Build a Small Phased from MIT. Working with engineers and scientists, these assistants Opportunities Program (UPOP). This full-year program for MIT Array Radar System — contribute to sponsor programs while investigating the questions sophomores is an introduction to the workplace skills that Led by Bradley Perry, that evolve into their doctoral theses. The facilities, the research students will need to thrive in their future careers. An important Todd Levy, Patrick Bell, thrusts, and the reputations of staff members are prime induce- facet of the program is a 10- to 12-week summer internship. In and Jeffrey Herd ments behind the graduate students’ decision to spend three to summer 2013, four UPOP students worked at the Laboratory. ■■ Build a Small Radar five years as a research assistant in a Laboratory group. System — Led by Patrick Bell, Shakti Davis, Alan Fenn, and Bradley Perry
48 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 49 Laboratory involvement
>> Technical Education, cont. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS WITH UNIVERSITIES
Summer Research Program Lincoln Laboratory hires undergraduate and graduate students from top universities for summer internships in technical groups. Students gain hands-on experience in a leading-edge research environment while contributing to projects that complement their courses of study. At the end of their internships, the students present the results of their research at an open forum. In 2013, 87 undergraduates and 87 graduate students from 72 different schools worked at the Laboratory.
University Cooperative Education Students Technical groups at Lincoln Laboratory employ students from area colleges as co-ops working full time with mentors during the summer or work/study semesters and part time during academic terms. Highly qualified students selected as co-ops become significant contributors to technical project teams. During the spring semester of 2013, 46 co-ops worked in divisions and departments at the Laboratory.
Worcester Polytechnic Institute Major Qualifying Project Program In 2013, 11 students were accepted as Laboratory interns under the Worcester Polytechnic Institute’s Major Qualifying Project Program, which
In August, students in the MIT Interphase Edge program spent a day at Lincoln Laboratory learning about the options and demands in engineering careers. requires students to complete an undergraduate project equivalent to a senior thesis. The program allows students to demonstrate the application Interphase EDGE of skills, methods, and knowledge to problems typical of those encoun- In August 2013, Lincoln Laboratory from underrepresented minorities, During their day at Lincoln Laboratory, tered in industry. welcomed 47 students from the MIT improve the analytical and communi- the soon-to-be freshmen were briefed Office of Minority Education’s Interphase cations skills needed for success in a on some of the Laboratory’s current Graduate Fellowship Program Students from the U.S. military academies often participate in EDGE program to a day of tours and rigorous academic environment. In the projects; visited unique labs, such as the the Laboratory’s Summer Research Program. In summer 2013, In 2012–2013, three students were awarded grants through this program presentations. Interphase EDGE (for summer before their freshman year, Technology Office Innovation Laboratory; Midshipmen Michael Segalla (back left) and Zachary Blanchard (right) that offers graduate fellowships to science and engineering students of the U.S. Naval Academy, and Cadet Ed Galloway of the U.S. Air Empowering Discovery/Gateway to EDGE students attend a seven-week and discussed engineering careers with pursuing MS or PhD degrees at partner universities. Funds support a Force Academy are working in the Optical Systems Engineering Group Excellence) is a two-year program session during which they take classes technical staff members. fabricating microsatellites. Fellow’s stipend, supplement an assistantship, or subsidize other direct designed to help MIT students, primarily and become acquainted with college life. research expenses.
Capture the Flag In November 2012, MIT and Lincoln Laboratory hosted the Cyber Capture the Flag (CTF) competition. The event launched with seminars focused on attacks and defenses in the web environment, and culminated in a weekend-long competition. During the exercise, teams squared off to prove
who had the most successful offensive and defensive computer security In March, 19 cadets from the U.S. Military skills. Held on MIT campus, the competition drew 62 participants from Academy at West Point visited Lincoln Laboratory. six area universities and colleges. The Cyber Systems and Technology The group of engineering and computer science majors was briefed on the role of a federally and Cyber System Assessments Groups organized the event in collabo- funded lab and the scope of work the Laboratory ration with MIT Professor Nickolai Zeldovich and Northeastern University undertakes. Here, Stephen McGarry of the Professors Engin Kirda and Wil Robertson. Airborne Networks Group explains operations of the Laboratory’s airborne test bed.
Many popular cyber security CTF exercises are held each year at universities and security conferences. The CTF format may range from linear puzzle-like challenges to team-based offensive and defensive “hacking” competi- “Cyber defenders” tackle the 2012 challenge at the MIT and Lincoln Laboratory Cyber Capture tions. The MIT and Lincoln Laboratory CTF challenge was to maintain a the Flag competition. “company’s” network functionality while recovering from a cyber attack.
50 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 51 Laboratory involvement
>> Technical Education, cont. MILITY AR FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Lincoln Laboratory awards fellowships to support the educa- Fellows pursuing graduate degrees, usually at MIT, work on Lincoln Laboratory’s extensive research and development tional pursuits of active-duty military officers who are fulfilling sponsored programs that complement their thesis research. achievements are enabled by the strength of its staff. The variety requirements for the U.S. military’s Senior Service Schools or for During their first three academic semesters, these officers of educational opportunities and technical training available to the Army’s Training with Industry program, or who are working typically spend two days a week at the Laboratory and staff help ensure continuing excellence. toward advanced degrees. This program, formalized two years are assigned an advisor from among the technical staff to ago, helps the Laboratory establish cooperative relationships supervise their work. During summers and their final semester, Lincoln Scholars Program with military officers. Currently, 22 officers drawn from all the the fellows contribute full time to a Laboratory program. Currently, 24 staff members are enrolled in the Lincoln Scholars Services are working under fellowships. Program, a competitive program for which staff are eligible to Edward Wack, leader of the Bioengineering Systems and apply and under which participants are funded by the Laboratory Officers enrolled in a Senior Service School work in research Technologies Group in which COL David Pendall is working for full-time pursuit of an advanced degree at MIT or another local programs at the Laboratory and take national security (see sidebar), captured the benefit of the Fellows program university. Lincoln Scholars contribute to the Laboratory under management courses at the MIT campus. Senior officers to the Laboratory: “COL Pendall’s operational experience in terms arranged with the Graduate Education Committee and participating in the Training with Industry program are assigned Iraq and Afghanistan brings to MIT and Lincoln Laboratory work at the Laboratory during summer breaks. In 2013, five staff full time to a Laboratory technical group. For the military, the an invaluable ‘real-world’ perspective. COL Pendall keeps us members earned degrees through the program. goal of both programs is to acquaint senior personnel with the grounded in assessing both whether our systems will likely process of developing technologies that directly impact national work, but more importantly, what technologies will be opera- Distance Learning security. The Laboratory gains constructive insight from the tionally useful.” Distance learning programs coordinated by the Graduate frontline experiences of the officers. Education Committee allow technical staff to earn master’s degrees while continuing to work full time at the Laboratory. Carnegie Mellon University offers degrees in information Spotlight: Colonel David Pendall, U.S. Army technology and information assurance, while Pennsylvania State University offers a master’s program in information sciences. Colonel David Pendall, U.S. Army, is an Currently, three people are enrolled at each of those universities. Army War College Fellow participating In September 2012, one staff member was awarded a master’s in the MIT Security Studies Program and degree from Penn State. working with various technical groups at Lincoln Laboratory. His background Chris Sataline, an assistant technical staff member in the Active Optical Systems in military intelligence provides the user Group and a Lincoln Scholar, is completing work on a master’s degree in perspective on systems the Laboratory electrical engineering at Boston University. He recently defended his thesis is developing for persistent surveillance, project on an approach to making magnetic field measurements from a distance. and his experience with biometrics during his tour in Afghanistan informs collaborations with researchers in the Onsite Courses bioengineering and biodefense areas. COL David Pendall (second from right) has been working with the Bioengineering Systems and A range of courses in both technical areas and management techniques are taught by either Laboratory technical experts or Technologies Group. He is seen here with colleagues (left to right) Paula Pomianowski Collins, Edward Wack, and James Harper. outside instructors. COL Pendall sees his fellowship at the Laboratory as providing a valuable extra year here to continue supporting 2012–2013 Multisession Courses 2012–2013 Technical Short Courses Technical Programming Courses synergy. “Lincoln Lab is about building programs that are addressing warfighter ■■ Optical Systems Overview ■■ NVIDIA CUDA Training Course ■■ A wide range of programming courses for the future, so having my view as requirements. As an Army officer, he ■■ ■■ an operator early on can help with offers insight into the needs of military Theory and Methods for Modern Accumulo in areas such as C++, HTML, Linux, developing technology that will be used. personnel on the ground. “The Army’s Graph Analysis ■■ Computational Fourier Optics PHP, Perl, Python, UML, UNIX and Meanwhile, I am gaining more perspective battlespace is one that more directly ■■ Adaptive Antennas and Phased Arrays ■■ Software Architecture: Principles and XML on the technologies developed here and involves human interaction,” he explains. ■■ Data Converter Course Practices ■■ A complete MATLAB curriculum with the art of the possible. I feel I will come ■■ Signal Processing on Databases ■■ Software Architecture: Design and courses in signal processing, MATLAB out of this process as a much more COL Pendall has found his time at ■■ Patterns and Anti-Patterns for Analysis programming techniques, interfacing capable military officer.” the Laboratory personally rewarding. COL Pendall (left) accompanied Lincoln Service-Oriented Architecture ■■ Cyber Warfare MATLAB with C code, and statistical Laboratory staff on a visit to the U.S. Army “I have the satisfaction of learning ■■ Decision Making Under Uncertainty methods for MATLAB While most senior officers in the and I enjoy working with the people Natick Soldier Systems Center to learn more about the center’s recent developments in ■■ Signals and Systems ■■ Certified Information Systems Security Fellows program spend one year at the here. Each group has been helpful, equipment for the military, including new ■■ Electronic Warfare Professional and VMware certification Laboratory, COL Pendall is spending an thoughtful, and insightful.” designs for protective gear. ■■ Semiconductor Course courses
52 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 53 Laboratory involvement
Diversity and Inclusion Diversity Presentations for 2013
May A commitment to fostering an inclusive workplace helps ensure that Lincoln Laboratory maintains an “The Bamboo Ceiling.” Dr. Chris Yu, division leader of the Embedded Navigation and Sensor Systems Division, Draper excellent, diverse staff, thereby strengthening its ability to develop innovative solutions to problems. Laboratory, spoke on cultural and organizational factors that prohibit Asian Americans from attaining executive positions.
June “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered (LGBT) Issues.” Tom Bourdon, director of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Center and chair of the Social Justice Leadership Initiative, Tufts University, discussed challenges that LGBT employees face.
September In 2013, Lincoln Laboratory offered GEM fellowships to nine graduate students, some “The Imposter Syndrome.” Dr. Valerie Young, author of The of whom worked as summer interns in Laboratory technical groups. During their internships, the GEM students took time to tour Laboratory facilities. Above, students Secret Thoughts of Successful Women, explained what she calls visit the autonomous systems lab to learn about prototyping efforts in robotics. “the imposter syndrome,” a psychological mindset that prevents people from believing in their own abilities. GEM National Consortium In 2012, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Director Eric Evans was named to a two-year term as president of the National Graduate Degrees for Employee Resource Groups Minorities in Engineering and Science (GEM) Consortium. Through Lincoln Laboratory’s resource groups provide support to staff partnerships with universities and industry, GEM provides members during the transitions they make as they advance in their support to students from underrepresented groups who are careers. From helping new staff acclimate to the Laboratory’s work seeking advanced degrees in science and engineering fields. In environment, to encouraging professional development, to facili- February 2013, the executive committee of the consortium held its tating involvement in community outreach activities, the groups planning meeting at Lincoln Laboratory. In August, Dr. Evans and Lincoln Laboratory staff members led a panel discussion at the Diversity Summit: (left to right) Dr. Christ Richmond, Gary Brendel, Ngaire Underhill, Dr. Jeffrey Palmer, below help promote the retention and achievement of employees: William Kindred, manager of the Laboratory’s diversity program, Dr. Nestor Lopez, and Paula Ward. ■■ New Employees Network attended the 2013 GEM Annual Board Meeting and Conference, ■■ Technical Women’s Network which engaged GEM officers and partnering organizations in 2013 Lincoln Laboratory Diversity Summit Dr. Nestor Lopez, Dr. Jeffrey Palmer, Dr. Christ Richmond, ■■ Veterans Network discussions on strategies for transforming how the United States MIT Lincoln Laboratory’s second Diversity Summit addressed Ngaire Underhill, and Paula Ward. Through the perspectives of ■■ Hispanic and Latino Network prepares engineers and scientists. the challenges in fostering an environment of inclusion. Held these six individuals from diverse backgrounds, the audience ■■ Out Professionals and Employees Network on 22 February in the Laboratory’s main auditorium, the event gained an overview of both the Laboratory’s success at creating ■■ Lincoln Employees’ African American Network featured a talk by Dr. Kristin Lane, assistant professor of a workplace that welcomes diversity and its still unresolved Mentorship Programs psychology at Bard College, whose research on bias highlights issues. During the question and answer period, the audience Recognizing that strong mentorships enhance an inclusive how people’s conscious beliefs about their biases are often and the panel explored ideas for improving inclusion. workplace, Lincoln Laboratory conducts four formal mentoring at odds with implicit attitudes they unconsciously hold. These programs: implicit biases present a hurdle to creating a truly inclusive ■■ The New Employee Guides acquaint newly hired staff workplace. 2013 MIT Diversity Summit members with their groups, divisions, or departments. Members of Lincoln Laboratory’s leadership and staff attended Approximately 250 people attended the summit, participating MIT’s third annual Diversity Summit held on 30 January at ■■ Early Career Mentoring is a six-month, one-on-one mentorship in sample surveys that Prof. Lane used to demonstrate how the Kresge Auditorium on campus. The summit focused on that helps technical and administrative professionals with early beliefs people are unaware of can influence their behaviors. the complexities of maintaining diversity in a meritocracy. A career development. She also shared findings from research undertaken by Project panel discussion on this theme was held during the morning Implicit at Harvard University’s Implicit Social Cognition session. Midday, keynote speaker Dr. Valerie Young spoke ■■ Circle Mentoring small discussion groups, led by experienced Laboratory, where she conducted doctoral and postdoctoral about her research on “the Impostor Syndrome,” which breeds employees, address diverse topics relevant to career growth. research on unconscious biases. a lack of confidence in one’s abilities. Throughout the day, a At the Veterans’ Day luncheon held in November 2013, General Mark A. variety of workshops addressed topics ranging from preventing Welsh III, U.S. Air Force, delivered the keynote address. This annual event ■■ The New Assistant Group Leader Mentoring partners a newly for armed forces veterans who work at the Laboratory is organized by the The second half of the summit was a panel discussion led by harassment, to creating employee resource groups, to defining Lincoln Laboratory Veterans Network (LLVETS) to celebrate the contributions promoted assistant leader with an experienced group leader to six members of the Laboratory technical staff: Gary Brendel, the role of religious diversity. veterans have made to the nation. help with the transition into new responsibilities.
54 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 55 Laboratory involvement
Awards and Recognition 2012 MIT Lincoln Laboratory Best Paper Award 2013 MIT Excellence Awards Dr. Peter L. Cho and Prof. Noah Snavely (of Cornell University), Unsung Hero Awards for “Enhancing Large Urban Photo Collections with 3D Ladar Jessica E. Holland, Gregory S. Rowe, and Dennis C. Weikle, Sr. The commitment to excellence that characterizes our staff has enabled the Laboratory’s 62 years of and GIS Data,” accepted for publication in the International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications. Serving the Client Award achievements and its sustained reputation for innovation. The “Superdrivers” team: Robert M. Clegg, Scott P. Leach, and 2012 MIT Lincoln Laboratory Best Invention Award Leonard E. Nunes. 2013 American Institute of Aeronautics and Dr. Roger I. Khazan, Dr. Joshua I. Kramer, Dan Utin, Dr. M. Astronautics Fellow Michael Vai, and Dr. David J. Whelihan, for “SHAMROCK: Presidential Meeting with 2012 Kavli Prize Recipients Dr. Hsiao-hua K. Burke, for her “outstanding 2012 Early Career Technical Self-contained High Assurance MicRO Crypto and President Barack Obama met in the Oval Office on 29 March leadership in the development of missile defense Achievement Awards Key-management processor.” 2013 with the six U.S. recipients of the 2012 Kavli Prizes. Among systems, hyperspectral imaging technology and these laureates was Dr. Jane Luu, a technical staff member in algorithms, and satellite systems for military and Laura A. Kennedy, a 2012 C4ISR Top 5 Winner from the Big 25 the Active Optical Systems Group, who shared the Kavli Prize for civilian applications.” technical staff member in The Imaging System for Immersive Surveillance (ISIS), developed Astrophysics with David Jewitt of the University of California–Los the Space Control Systems by Lincoln Laboratory in partnership with Pacific Northwest Angeles and Michael Brown of Caltech. 2013 Optical Society of America Fellow Group, was recognized for National Laboratory under sponsorship of the Department of Dr. Paul W. Juodawlkis, for “significant her substantial contributions Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, was 2013 MassCommute Bicycle Challenge Awards contributions to optically sampled analog-to- in a wide range of technical named a Top 5 Winner from C4ISR Journal’s 2012 “Big 25” MIT Lincoln Laboratory’s bicyclists took two first-place awards digital conversion and the development of the areas. She has been a technologies. The Big 25 are new technologies and efforts that in the 2013 MassCommute Bicycle Challenge: for number of slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifier.” key contributor to the significantly impact the fields of networking and intelligence, participants in the Bike Week challenge from a business of 3,000 development of algorithms surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). to 4,999 employees and for total mileage ridden by Lincoln that are integral to systems 2012 Jamieson Award Laboratory participants in the challenge. such as the Optical Processing Architecture at Dr. John A. Tabaczynski, for his “outstanding contributions to 2012 National Defense Industrial Association Lincoln. She often serves as the technical lead on a Ballistic Missile Defense programs.” The award is presented by project, working directly with sponsors and users. Contractor Tester of the Year 2013 Dick Aubin Distinguished Paper Award the Military Sensing Symposium on Missile Defense Sensors, Her deep understanding of the systems that Lincoln David P. Conrad, for leadership and contributions to test and Michael L. Stern and Eli A. Cohen, for their paper on the Environments, and Algorithms. Laboratory develops and her analysis work have evaluation as the Missile Defense Agency mission director for the development of a 3D-printed, extendable-wing unmanned aerial directly improved signal processing capabilities for Flight Test Integrated-01. vehicle. The award, presented by the Society of Manufacturing 2012 Superior Security Rating operational systems. Engineers at its annual RAPID Conference, recognizes a paper To Lincoln Laboratory’s collateral security program from the U.S. Air Air Vehicle Survivability Evaluation that has had a significant impact on rapid prototyping or 20 Force 66th Air Base Wing Information Protection Office. Lifetime Achievement Award additive manufacturing. William P. Delaney, for his pivotal role in establishing the Air 2012 MIT Lincoln Laboratory Technical Excellence Awards Dr. Jason R. Thornton, a Vehicle Survivability Evaluation program and for “extraordinary Honorable Mention: Visual Analytics Science and technical staff member Dr. Clifford J. Weinstein, for his nationally achievements in defense of the nation.” Technology (VAST) Mini-challenge in the Informatics and recognized technical achievements and leadership A visual display for a cyber situational awareness scenario Decision Support Group, in human language technology and its applications, Chief of Naval Research (CNR) Commendation created by a multidivisional team for a VAST 2013 Mini-challenge was recognized for his and specifically for his contributions in speech substantial contributions The Lincoln Laboratory team that developed the Gimbaled was selected by the Visual Analytics Community for an honorable recognition, machine translation, automated social in transforming the Airborne Test Radar was among the recipients of a CNR mention. The team was composed of members from four groups: network analysis, speech communications in Laboratory’s ground-based commendation for “outstanding support for science and Cyber Systems and Operations, Informatics and Decision packet networks, and digital signal processing. video analytics capabilities technology” for their work on a high-interest data collection Support, Wideband Tactical Networking, and Intelligence and through the development of event in January 2013. Decision Technologies. Dr. Helen H. Kim, for her creativity in developing novel methods for rapid video content analysis by innovative radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuit security professionals. His research has produced Clemson University College of Engineering and Science 2013 Molecular Beam Epitaxy Innovator Award capabilities that have solved difficult RF system video processing system performance superior Outstanding Young Alumni Award Dr. George W. Turner, for “pioneering and sustained contributions challenges in a wide range of applications, and for to recent commercial and academic approaches. Dr. Thomas G. Macdonald, in recognition of his excellence in in antimonide materials research and mid-wavelength infrared His work also includes research related to sensor her leadership in helping revitalize RF technology research and his contributions to the engineering field and the laser development,” presented by the North American Molecular fusion, threat assessment, decision support, and work at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. professional community. Beam Epitaxy organization and Veeco Instruments, Inc. image and video processing.
2013 Dwight D. Eisenhower Award for Excellence Penn State Alumni Fellow Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics Presented by the U.S. Small Business Administration to MIT Lincoln Dr. Antonio F. Pensa, for outstanding professional and Astronautics Laboratory for exceptional utilization of small businesses in its 2012 accomplishments; this award is the highest one conferred by the Dr. William R. Davis, for “contributions to the arts, sciences, or subcontracting activities. Penn State Alumni Association. technology of aeronautics or astronautics.”
56 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 57 LaBOraTOry InVOLVeMenT
R&D 100 Awards Economic Impact
Two technologies Lincoln Laboratory serves as an economic engine for the region and the nation through its developed at procurement of equipment and technical services. MIT Lincoln Laboratory were named During fiscal year 2013, the Laboratory issued subcon- Commercial hardware and materials contracted 2013 recipients tracts with a value that exceeded $401 million. The to businesses (FY 2013) of R&D 100 Awards. Given annually Laboratory, which typically awards subcontracts to by R&D Magazine, a publication for businesses in all 50 states, purchased more than 1% Fuels/oils research scientists and engineers, $237 million in goods and services from New England 26% 1% Other (Office supplies, these international awards recognize companies in 2013, with Massachusetts businesses Lab equipment chemicals, aircraft the 100 most technologically significant receiving approximately $203 million. States as distant 1% parts, etc.) 14% Electronic components Operational innovations introduced during the prior as California and Texas also realized significant benefits services 2% year. Recipients of R&D 100 Awards are to their economies. RF components chosen from hundreds of nominations 2% 8% Antennas/microwaves Fabrication by a panel of independent evaluators Small businesses—which supply construction, mainte- services and editors of R&D Magazine. The nance, fabrication, and professional technical services 3% Maintenance agreements 7% Software winning innovations represent a broad in addition to commercial equipment and material— 4% maintenance range of technologies developed in are primary beneficiaries of the Laboratory’s outside Optical equipment at the r&D 100 awards banquet in Orlando, Florida, on 8 november, members of the teams that won 2013 awards industry, government laboratories, and procurement program. In 2013, 53% of subcontracts 4% accepted commemorative plaques. Pictured here with associate Director Marc Bernstein (at right) are, left to right, Repair services (IT included) university research facilities worldwide. Dr. gary Condon, Francesca Lettang, robert haupt, Delsey sherrill, and Dr. Charles Wynn. were awarded to small businesses of all types (as 4% reported to the Defense Contract Management Agency). Computer components and devices Photoacoustic sensing of explosives structured Knowledge space The Laboratory’s Small Business Office is committed 5% 6% Software 6% 6% Servers licenses A system that exploits acoustic emissions to detect A software system that combines open-source technologies, custom- to an aggressive program designed to afford small Computer Test trace levels of explosives’ residue deposited on built software, and domain knowledge about entities in intelligence business concerns the maximum opportunity to hardware equipment common surfaces. reporting to facilitate search over a collection of intelligence documents compete for purchase orders. In addition, the Laboratory that had previously been largely unsearchable. contracts with universities outside of MIT for basic and PHASE vibrometer measurement, 2 meters from target applied research. These research subcontracts include Military-grade explosives expert consulting, analysis, and technical support. 2 Ingest and Metadata Discovery Analyst 1 DNT parsing enrichment services tools 0 –1 Keywords –2 “intel” Subcontractor services Contract awards by category of businesses (FY 2013)* 0 5 10 15 20 25 “electricity” Document Faceted (FY 2013) intel.ppt “vbied” facet service search 2 1 TNT 0 m/s) –1 Lucene μ 0.13% –2 search Historically Underutilized engine 0 5 10 15 20 25 Slide Business Zone (HUBZone) Homemade explosives Named entities Business “Jarbar Nahr” Name variant Foreign name 76.92% 0.68% 46.95% 2 “Mohamed service Technical Services 1 expansion Service-Disabled Large Business 0 al-Marzug” $106.3M Veteran-Owned –1 Small Business
Particle velocity (×10 velocity Particle –2 Images Vector Oracle 23.08% 0.67% 0 5 10 15 20 25 graphics database Administrative Small Disadvantaged Background material Patterns Business Text Services “16 1830 APR 06” $31.9M 7.17% 2 Gazetteer Geospatial 1 Cement “38SMB441847” Veteran-Owned 0 service search Small Business 22.26% 22.14% –1 Woman-Owned All Other –2 Small Business Small Business $138.2M 0 5 10 15 20 25 Total expenditures for μ Time ( sec) Team: Dr. gary Condon, Benjamin Landon, Delsey sherrill, Dr. Michael yee, richard Delanoy, subcontractor services Jonathan Kurz, Jason hepp, Jeffrey allen, yican Cao, Brian Corwin, andrea Coyle, nils Team: robert haupt, Dr. Charles Wynn, Dr. Leaf Jiang, Francesca edstrom, Mark Ford, neal hartmann, Davis King, Chi Lam, Donald Leger, Mel Martinez, Jeremy *As reported to the Defense Lettang, Dr. napoleon Thantu, stephen Palmacci, gregory rowe, Mineweaser, Justin O’Brien, ritesh Patel, harry Phan, Bob Piotti, Travis riley, steven schoeffl er, Contract Management 53.05% Charles Cobbett, rosalie Bucci, Dr. Jae Kyung, Dr. roderick Kunz, Michael snyder, Ven Tadipatri, gordon Vidaver, george Wilk, Chris Wyse, erik Brinkman, aaron Agency (DCMA) Total for all small business and Dr. sumanth Kaushik Daubman, Jason Duncan, T.J. hazen, ari Kobren, and ramesh ramachandran
58 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 59 EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNITy OUTREACH 61
Educational Outreach 62
Robotics Outreach 67
Community Giving 68
US FIRST Lego League robotics
60 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 61 EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH
Educational Outreach
Community outreach programs are an important component of the Laboratory’s mission. Our outreach initiatives are inspired by employee desires to help people in need and to motivate student interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). New efforts in 2013 included developing an MIT Museum display and creating a new merit badge for the Boy Scouts of America.
Lexington’s 300th Anniversary AAAS Family Science Days The planning committee for the 300th anniversary of the town of Lexington, Massachusetts, graciously invited Lincoln Laboratory Students of the 2013 LLRISE program at Lincoln Laboratory prepare for two weeks of college courses prior to building their own radar. LLRISE teachers are shown to participate in the town’s celebration. On 16 March 2013, on the left and right. Robert Atkins, head of the Advanced Technology Division, provided a historical overview of Lincoln Laboratory in the panel discussion “Military History of the Lexington Area.” Todd SPOTLIGHT: Lincoln Laboratory Radar Introduction for Student Engineers Rider, formerly of the Bioengineering Systems and Technologies Group, offered hands-on displays in science, biology, and engineering. Grant Stokes, head of the Aerospace Division, Lincoln Laboratory’s summer engineering workshop for high- served as a panel member for a symposium on the history of school students, Lincoln Laboratory Radar Introduction for technology in Lexington during the last 70 years, speaking about Student Engineers (LLRISE), was expanded in July. The two- the Laboratory’s major achievements and impacts on national week residential, project-based enrichment program enrolled 18 LLRISE security and the non-defense domain. outstanding students from across the nation who had completed students their junior year in high school. The program debuted in 2012, at demonstrate MIT Museum Exhibit which time it was offered only locally to 12 students. their self-built radar to visitors Evan Cull, Optical Systems Technology Group, explains the infrared spectrum to In December 2012, the MIT Museum unveiled its newest at the MIT visitors at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Family The radar technology program is based on a very popular addition to the “Sampling MIT” exhibition, a display of Lincoln Museum. Science Days exhibition in February. three-week class offered by Laboratory technical staff to MIT Laboratory’s Air Traffic Control (ATC) programs. The exhibition’s undergraduates during the January intersession between academic six rotating displays feature current MIT research that addresses semesters. The college course was big questions facing the world today. On view throughout E ndowed Funds modified to suit high-school students, 2013, the ATC display highlights the Laboratory’s technological yet provide the same depth of material During the two-week period, the students attended college-level contributions to flight safety, including the Traffic Alert and and hands-on activities. While designed classes on physics, electromagnetics, mechanics of Doppler Collision Avoidance System, Runway Status Lights, and Corridor to provide an understanding of radar radar, modular radio-frequency design circuitry, Matlab, pulse Integrated Weather System. systems, the program is intended to compression, signal processing, and antennas. In addition to a foster a realization that engineering is presentation about career exploration, the students were given an The Laboratory personnel assisting with the concept, research, about problem solving and applying knowledge in innovative ways. overview of Lincoln Laboratory and a tour of its facilities, including Participants were challenged to build a Doppler and range radar by and design for the ATC display were Mel Stone, Ann Drumm, Jim the Flight Facility, the Antenna Test Range, and the Haystack using creative problem-solving strategies while working in a state- Observatory in Westford, Massachusetts. Eggert, Jessica Holland, and Ted Londner of the Surveillance of-the-art laboratory with highly talented scientists and engineers. Systems Group; Richard DeLaura, Elizabeth Ducot, and Richard During the workshop, students experienced dorm life at MIT campus. Ferris of the Air Traffic Control Systems Group; and Chester Beals, Chiamaka Agbasi-Porter of the Communications and Community In between instructional lectures and homework, the students toured Technical Communications. Deborah Douglas, MIT Curator of Outreach Office coordinated the program and was supported MIT campus and the MIT Museum, and visited MIT’s Financial Aid Science and Technology and designer of the exhibition, remarked, by 10 technical staff members: Mabel Ramirez, Nestor Lopez, Office to learn about the college application process. The participants “Working on this exhibition project gave me a much deeper Raoul Ouedraogo, Wingyan Beverly Lykins, Alexis Prasov, Joseph also learned how to stage an experiment and how to present a appreciation of the Laboratory’s unique research environment, McMichael, James McIntire, John Meklenburg, Bradley Perry, and project, preparing them for their final technology demonstrations. Lincoln Laboratory’s outreach activities are funded in part through the endowments Alan Fenn. most notably an exceptional dedication to teamwork. Researchers listed on the plaque above. Donations to these funds provide ongoing support to Social activities, such as a Museum of Science visit and a festival on at Lincoln Laboratory do extraordinary things because of this.” educational programs. Boston Common, provided breaks from the rigorous workload.
62 2013 Annual Report EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH
>> Educational Outreach, cont.
More than 40 presentations are available in both general and specific scientific fields, and can be adapted for different grade levels. Early this year, Laboratory scientists traveled to Estabrook Elementary School in Lexington to share “How to Do a Science Fair Project” and to McCarthy-Towne Elementary School in Acton to present a demonstration on Egyptian archaeology.
CyberPatriot In March, the Lincoln Laboratory CyberPatriot team, Donut Hack Us, traveled to Maryland to compete in the national high-school cyber-defense finals. Mentored by Joseph Werther of the Cyber System Assessments Group Lincoln Laboratory’s CyberPatriot team, Donut Hack Us, was one of the 12 out of 419 teams advancing to the and Robert Cunningham of the Cyber national finals competition. The team placed eighth overall in the nation. Systems and Technology Group, and coached by Chiamaka Agbasi-Porter of Security Competition, designed to test the This group also contributes on a weekly the Communications and Community skills of the national finalist teams in an basis at Loaves and Fishes in Cambridge. Outreach Office, the six-member team exercise against a red team of “attackers,” Their website lists many ways to help a was named Open Division National and a Cisco networking competition. variety of causes and guides personnel Finalists. Assisting in preparing the team to appropriate points of contact for other for competition were James Astle of the Reading Outreach outreach efforts at the Laboratory. Cyber System Assessments Group and Lincoln Laboratory’s Outreach Volunteer Kevin Bauer, Kyle Ingols, and Sophia Group offers opportunities to assist with Boy Scouts of America Yakoubov, all of the Cyber Systems and different outreach events once a month The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) S cience On Saturday Technology Group. with no further commitment. Their motto launched a new Game Design Merit Badge The free Science on Saturday demon- is “sign up, show up, and help out.” in March. Frank Schimmoller (Director’s strations continued to fill the Auditorium. The Air Force Association’s annual Volunteers help with monthly story times Office), David Radue (Mechanical This year, 1600 children enjoyed the Attendees at the Science CyberPatriot competition aims to inspire for children in grades K–4 at the Dudley Engineering Group), and Curtis Heisey on Saturday presentation robotics demonstration hosted by high-school students to train for careers Branch of the Boston Public Library in (Surveillance Systems Group) played a on radars (above) found out Robotics Outreach at Lincoln Laboratory how radar works. Attendees in cyber security as well as science, an effort to inspire children’s passion for vital role in the development of the badge (ROLL) and the asteroids demonstration, of the asteroids presentation technology, engineering, and mathematics. reading. Volunteerism will expand to other by providing facilities, resources, and (left) were able to see “space particularly pertinent in light of the rocks” up close. This year’s event included a Network libraries and public schools in the future. personnel for a set of crucial requirement Russian meteorite and the DA14 asteroid in February. Other shows during the school year included demonstrations on radar and chemistry. T eCHNICAL School Student Outreach group manned a booth at the frontiers of modern science, culminating Internships S cience Fair Volunteers Cambridge Science Festival. In May, in a prize being awarded in May. The Each year, two students from Minuteman High School in Lincoln Laboratory supports the David Kong, a technical staff member theme for the 2012–2013 ArtScience Prize Lexington, Massachusetts, and one student from Shawsheen community by offering volunteer judges in the Bioengineering Systems and was synthetic biology. Valley Technical High School in Billerica, Massachusetts, are for local and state science fairs. The Technologies Group, volunteered as a provided with internships at Lincoln Laboratory, giving them hands-on experience in a real-world setting. Laboratory typically sends more than guest expert/guest juror for the Boston Classroom Presentations 10 volunteers to the Lexington High ArtScience Prize, a year-long after-school Each year, Lincoln Laboratory technical Anthony Carreon, an intern from Minuteman High School, worked at the Science Fair and to the Massachusetts competition through which high-school staff members give free classroom Laboratory’s Flight Facility. State Science and Engineering students develop innovative art and presentations and lead hands-on activ- Fair. Volunteers from the Robotics design ideas informed by concepts at the ities to approximately 7000 students.
64 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 65 EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH
>> Educational Outreach, cont. tests in August. Local scouts were invited to the Laboratory to Robotics Outreach plan their own games, design a product, and have it tested with the assistance of experts in the game design industry. Robotics Outreach at Lincoln Laboratory (ROLL) volunteers serve as coaches and mentors for 15 teams, totaling 125 students, The Laboratory BSA outreach team also participated in sponsored by Lincoln Laboratory. The teams compete in local, SOAR, Scouting Adventures On the River, which offered state, and national robotic competitions designed by FIRST (For hands-on science demonstrations to Boy Scouts of all ages. Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), whose The Laboratory’s “whisper dish” was on display to help reach extends to more than 300,000 students worldwide. scouts understand how a parabolic reflector works. Richard Williamson performed his ever-popular Liquid Nitrogen Show, The FTC (FIRST Technical Challenge) game for grades 7–12 in and David Radue showed the finer points of game design in the 2012–2013 school year was Ring It Up. The object of Ring preparation for the unveiling of the Game Design merit badge, It Up is to score more points than an opponent’s alliance by while John Kuconis explained the engineering concepts placing plastic rings onto pegs on the center rack. Teams were of tension and compression by building a weight-bearing challenged to detect special “weighted” rings to earn a special gumdrop bridge. multiplier bonus.
Team America Rocketry Challenge This year’s FRC (FIRST Robotics Competition) challenge for The MightyBots robotics team won the Think Award and the Promote Award at The Laboratory sponsored two teams this year in the 2013 grades 9–12 was Ultimate Ascent. The game is played by two regional tournaments. Frank Schimmoller (far right) looks on as local Scouts test a game design that uses Team America Rocketry Challenge (TARC), a national aerospace the requirements set forth in the new Game Design Merit Badge. competing alliances. Each alliance of three robots competes challenge to foster interest in science and engineering. TARC to score discs into its goals. The match begins with robots This year, two Jr. FLL teams, made up of six- to nine-year-old is an extracurricular hands-on project-based learning program; Although the competitors were just shy of placing on the national operating independently of driver inputs. Then, drivers controlling children of Laboratory employees, attempted the 2013 challenge, its objective is the successful launch and recovery of one large level, mentors Francesca Lettang, Active Optical Systems Group, robots try to score as many goals as possible. The match ends Super Seniors, helping senior citizens stay independent and egg (“the astronaut”) that must lie horizontally inside the rocket. and Curtis Heisey, Surveillance Systems Group, expressed their with robots attempting to climb pyramids. connected. Jr. FLL is designed to direct children’s curiosity Other requirements include a target altitude of 750 feet, a pride in the teams’ accomplishments. “I found it exciting to see the toward ideas for improving the world. payload aloft duration between 48 and 50 seconds, a 15-inch- teams assess their flights and apply engineering principles to make The FLL (FIRST Lego League) challenge for grades 4–8 this year diameter parachute, and limitations on rocket weight, size, and improvements in real time,” Heisey said. Lettang added, “They was Senior Solutions. During this challenge, teams build, test, Sister Teams motor impulse. Both middle-school and high-school teams impressed me many times by figuring out for themselves what and program an autonomous robot to solve a set of missions on ROLL has a continuing collaboration with teams from Roxbury, completed two official flights for the challenge. engineering trade was needed in order to get closer to their goal.” a themed playing field. Teams also present reports on solving a Waltham, Lexington, Weston, and Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, real-world problem related to the challenge topic. as well as Hanscom Air Force Base. ROLL ensures that these teams have adequate supplies, funds, and mentorship to design, Lolinc n Laboratory Teams build, and program their robots. The Laboratory teams assist FTC Level Teams their sister teams by staging scrimmages and sharing design In the challenge for high-school students, the MightyBots concepts and programming tips. team, mentored by Alexander Divinsky of the ISR Systems and Architectures Group and Scott Griffith of the Tactical Defense Notably, Lexington’s FTC Team, Battery-Powered Pickle Jar Systems Group, won the Think Award and the Innovate Award Heads, won the Inspire Award at two tournaments and at the in separate regional tournaments, and won the Promote Award Massachusetts Championship, which they won. They competed at the Massachusetts Championship Tournament. FTC Team in the national championship with Lincoln Laboratory’s support. Team America Ingenium, mentored by Joel Walker of the Tactical Defense FRC Team Athena’s Warriors, made up of 20 students from three Rocketry Challenge Systems Group, received the Inspire Award at the Vermont State high schools, began as an all-girls team and is now dedicated participants braved the winter weather to Championship and qualified to compete in the national champi- to creating a diverse STEM workforce. FRC Team Beantown flight-test their design. onship in St. Louis, Missouri. Botz from the John D. O’Bryant School of Math and Science in Roxbury, participated in regional tournaments. FLL Level Teams Lincoln Laboratory was represented by 11 FLL teams with a total Massachusetts FTC of 90 children. The three FLL teams that qualified to compete All of the Lincoln Laboratory teams and sister teams belong to in the state competition in December 2012 were Piece of Cake, the MassFTC league, led by Loretta Bessette of the ISR Systems LLAMAS, and A Robot Walks Into A Bar. The Lincoln Laboratory and Architectures Group. This group promotes the opening of the FLL teams that competed at the regional level included Flaming challenges and facilitates teams working cooperatively. MassFTC Phoenix, Get Off My Bricks, Lightning Legos, Nyan Cat, Razor and ROLL work together to provide volunteers, referees, and Pickles, RoboWolves, Lego Einsteins, and The Matrix. judges for each regional qualifier.
66 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 67 EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH
Community Giving Troop Support ADI S Walk and 5K Run Lincoln Laboratory’s Troop Support volunteers were busy the end of last year raising funds for care packages to be sent overseas to our soldiers. Through a bake and crafts sale in the fall, enough funds were raised to send special holiday packages, each containing supplies and seasonal surprises to share. Troop Support also hosted a card-signing event to provide holiday cards to soldiers who do not regularly receive mail. Troop Support organized the Laboratory-wide collection of Halloween candies to be shipped to soldiers serving in the Middle East. This shipment, limited to a short time of year during which chocolates can be safely shipped without melting, is eagerly anticipated. Troop Support also hosted a donation drive and packing party in the summer, resulting in 150 boxes Lincoln Laboratory’s first year of participation in Boston’s AIDS Walk and 5K Run ready to send overseas. was coordinated by Thomas Zugibe of the Airborne Radar Systems and Techniques Group. Members of the Hispanic/Latino Network and OPEN, Out Professionals and Employees Network, raised $755. Multiple Sclerosis Society Team MIT Lincoln Laboratory supported the Multiple Sclerosis AD I S Action Committee Society by hiking and biking in the Berkshires in September. New to Lincoln Laboratory’s outreach roster in 2013 is the Harbor Co-captains David Granchelli (Communications and Community to the Bay Bike Ride for AIDS. Team Lincoln participated in this Outreach Office) and John Kuconis (Director’s Office) led one-day bike ride from Boston to Provincetown in September. The the 13-member team in raising $7528 to help people in the three-member team, led by R. Jordan Crouser (Computing and community who are affected by multiple sclerosis and help Analytics Group) and Ariel Hamlin (Cyber Systems and Technology MIT Lincoln Laboratory’s Heart Walk team invited supporters to wear red on February 1. advance research and treatments. The Hike and Bike team Group), raised $2272 to support the AIDS Action Committee of included Laboratory staff members Christine Cambrils, Alan Gee, Massachusetts, the state’s leading provider of prevention and A merican Heart Association Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, in Bedford, Robert Seidel, Paul Smith, David Tyo, and Leslie Watkins. wellness services for people vulnerable to HIV infection. Lincoln Laboratory’s supporters of the American Heart Association Massachusetts. “When participating in an event like this, one (AHA) gathered in February for AHA’s National Wear Red Day. Each hopes to make at least some small difference in the lives of A lzheimer’s Association year, the first Friday of February is a day to call attention to heart these sick and aging veteran patients. Their long-ago service disease. Efforts of the six-member team, MIT Lincoln Laboratory and sacrifices paid the bill for our freedom today. As we went for the Heart Walk, are spearheaded by Sandra McLellan of the from ward to ward armed with children’s valentines and red Advanced Sensor Systems and Test Beds Group and Susan balloons, the smiles erupting on the faces of patients and
Curry of the Advanced SATCOM Systems and Operations Group. dedicated staff members gave back to us much more than we The 52 Lincoln In preparation for the Boston Heart Walk in September, the team had given by our visit,” said Daniel O’Shea, Infrastructure and Laboratory team members, led by Kit hosted a bake sale in February, Heart Awareness month. A total of Operations, organizer of the Laboratory’s volunteer group. The Holland, Wideband $4117 was raised toward their fundraising goal. Veterans Network also participates annually in the Veterans’ Tactical Networking Day 5K Fun Run sponsored by the Edith Nourse Rogers Group, raised $30,954, beating their $25,000 Lowell General Hospital Memorial Veterans Hospital. goal and ranking as the A Lincoln Laboratory team helmed by Julie Arloro-Mehta of region’s top fundraiser in the Optical Systems Technology Group participated in Lowell the 2013 Greater Boston Walk to End Alzheimer’s. General Hospital’s TeamWalk for CancerCare for the fourth year. This year, the team raised $5450 to support the Cancer Center. TeamWalk funds make a difference in the lives of cancer patients by paying for medications, nutritional supplements, wigs and prostheses, support groups, nursing visits, transportation, and supportive services to patients of all cancer types. The MIT Lincoln Laboratory Alzheimer’s Awareness and Bruce Bray and Bob Schulein completed 100 miles; Kim Hebert Outreach Team held a silent auction of autographed Bruins rode 62 miles, while Carolyn Hutchinson, Ken Cole, Xiao Wang, Veterans Network items to support the 2013 Greater Boston Walk to End and John Kaufmann rode the 30-mile route. Out of more than Laboratory personnel joined over 100 supporters to show Alzheimer’s. In July, a team of Laboratory bicyclists partici- 80 teams participating, the all-volunteer Lincoln Laboratory their admiration for our nation’s heroes on Valentine’s Day Tori Orr, Elena Zorn, Bill Kindred, Richard Coveno, and Daniel O’Shea shared their pated in the Ride to End Alzheimer’s. The ride featured three team ranked fourth in dollars raised, contributing more than during the 2013 National Salute to Hospitalized Veterans at the appreciation with local veterans at the Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital. distances departing and finishing at Devens, Massachusetts. $10,000 to Alzheimer’s research.
68 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 69 GOVERNANCE AND ORGANIZATION 71
Laboratory Governance and Organization 72
Advisory Board 73
Staff and Laboratory Programs 74
70 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory MIT Lincoln Laboratory 71 governance and organization
Laboratory Governance and Organization
MIT DoD Joint Advisory Committee MIT Lincoln Laboratory Advisory Board Dr. L. Rafael Reif Annually reviews the Laboratory’s proposal for programs to be undertaken in the subsequent fiscal year The Advisory Board is appointed by the MIT President and reports to the Provost. The board meets twice a year to review the direction President and five-year plan. of Laboratory programs.
Dr. Chris A. Kaiser Mr. Alan R. Shaffer, Chairman Mr. Sean J. Stackley Provost Principal Deputy, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Assistant Secretary of the Navy Mr. Kent Kresa, ADM Edmund P. Gen Lester L. Lyles, Chairman Giambastiani Jr., USN USAF (Ret) Dr. Claude R. Canizares Research and Engineering for Research, Development and Acquisition Former Chairman (Ret) Board of Directors, Vice President Ms. Betty J. Sapp Lt Gen Charles R. Davis and CEO of Northrop Former Vice-Chairman of General Dynamics Director, National Reconnaissance Office Military Deputy, Office of the Grumman the Joint Chiefs of Staff Corporation; Former Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition Vice Chief of Staff of Dr. Arati Prabhakar the Air Force; Former Director, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Maj Gen William N. McCasland Commander, Air Force Commander, Air Force Research Materiel Command Vice Admiral James D. Syring Laboratory, Joint Advisory Committee Executive Director, Missile Defense Agency Group—Chair Ms. Heidi Shyu Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology Prof. Angela M. Prof. Daniel E. Prof. Hans Mark Belcher Hastings The University of Texas W.M. Keck Professor of Green Education at Austin; Former Energy, Massachusetts Professor of Aeronautics Secretary of the Air Lincoln Laboratory Institute of Technology and Astronautics and Force; Former Deputy Eric D. Evans Engineering Systems, Administrator of NASA Director Massachusetts Institute Marc D. Bernstein C. Scott Anderson of Technology; Former Chief Scientist of the Air Associate Director Assistant Director – Operations Force
Office of the Director Service Departments Mr. Denis A. Bovin Dr. Miriam John Prof. Jeffrey H. Contracting Services Facility Services Steven R. Bussolari John E. Kuconis Co-chairman and Vice President Emeritus Shapiro Paul F. Conroy Donald N. Holmes Strategic Initiatives Executive Officer Co-CEO, Stone Key of Sandia National Julius A. Stratton Bernadette Johnson Deborah A. Valley Financial Services Human Resources Partners; Life member, Laboratories Professor of Electrical Chief Technology Officer Safety, Mission Assurance, and Patricia O’Riordan Brian S. Donahue MIT Corporation; Former Engineering, member, President’s Massachusetts Institute David R. Granchelli Program Support Office Information Services Security Services Foreign Intelligence of Technology Communications and Community Charles W. Maxson Shawn S. Daley J. Michael Menadue Advisory Board Outreach Office Capital Projects Office Chief Security Officer David A. Suski Counsel
Air and Missile Cyber Security and Advanced Intelligence, Surveillance, VADM David E. Dr. Paul G. Kaminski Mr. John P. Stenbit Defense Technology Information Sciences Engineering Technology and Reconnaissance Frost, USN (Ret) Chairman and CEO Former Assistant and Tactical Systems President, Frost & of Technovation, Inc.; Secretary of Defense Hsiao-hua K. Burke Stephen B. Rejto Eliahu H. Niewood Robert G. Atkins Associates, Inc.; Former Former Under (C3I); Former Executive Head Head Head Head Robert T-I. Shin Deputy Commander, Secretary of Defense Vice President, TRW Head U.S. Space Command for Acquisition and Andrew D. Gerber David R. Martinez William R. Davis, Jr. Craig L. Keast Technology Associate Head Associate Head Assistant Head Associate Head Robert A. Bond Assistant Head Gerald C. Augeri Marc A. Zissman Michael T. Simon Verghese Assistant Head Associate Head Languirand Assistant Head Justin J. Brooke Assistant Head Assistant Head Dennis J. Keane Assistant Head Melissa G. Choi Assistant Head Dr. Arthur Gelb Dr. Donald M. Kerr GEN Gordon R. President, Four Sigma Board of Trustees, Sullivan, USA (Ret) Corporation; Former MITRE Corporation; President of the Homeland Protection and Chairman and CEO of Former Principal Deputy Association of the U.S. Air Traffic Control Communication Systems Aerospace The Analytic Sciences Director of National Army; Former Chief of Corporation Intelligence; Former Staff of the U.S. Army Israel Soibelman J. Scott Stadler Grant H. Stokes William J. Donnelly III Director of the National Head Head Head Assistant Head Reconnaissance Office James M. Flavin Roy S. Bondurant Lawrence M. Candell Craig E. Perini Assistant Head Associate Head Assistant Head Assistant Head Mark E. Weber James Ward Assistant Head Assistant Head
72 2013 Annual Report MIT Lincoln Laboratory 73 governance and organization
Staff and Laboratory Programs 1,738 Professional Technical Staff 1,101 Support Personnel 418 Technical Support 525 Subcontractors
3,782 Total Employees
Composition of Professional Technical Staff
Academic Discipline Academic Degree
16% Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Computer Information 34% Systems Master’s 36% Electrical 16% Engineering Physics 42% Doctorate
21% Bachelor’s 10% Biology, Chemistry, Meteorology, Materials Science 2% Other 8% 7% Mathematics 5% Mechanical Aerospace/ 3% Engineering Astronautics No Degree
Breakdown of Laboratory Program Funding
Sponsor Mission Area
11% Other Government 14% Agencies 13% Air and 23% Tactical Missile Other DoD Systems Defense 10% DHS, FAA, 14% NOAA, NASA Space Control 11% ISR Systems 7% and Technology Army 21% 31% 9% Communication Air Force Systems 7% Homeland Protection MDA
4% 9% DARPA Advanced Technology 4% 3% 8% 1% Navy OSD Cyber Security and Other Information Sciences
74 2013 Annual Report Lincoln Space Surveillance Complex, Westford, Massachusetts
Reagan Test Site, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands www.ll.mit.edu Communications and Community Outreach O ce: 781.981.4204
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This work is sponsored by the Department of the Air Force under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.
TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPORT OF NATIONAL SECURITY
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