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3. Ta Thi Thuy 33(4): 18-27 T¹p chÝ Sinh häc 12-2011 THµNH PHÇN LOµI Vµ PH¢N Bè C¸C LOµI C¸ S¤NG BA CHÏ THUéC §ÞA PHËN TØNH QU¶NG NINH T¹ ThÞ Thñy, §ç V¨n Nh−îng, TrÇn §øc HËu Tr−êng ®¹i häc S− ph¹m Hµ Néi NguyÔn Xu©n HuÊn Tr−êng ®¹i häc Khoa häc tù Nhiªn, §HQG Hµ Néi Tõ tr−íc tíi nay, cã mét vµi c«ng tr×nh mÉu t¹i thùc ®Þa víi 64 ngµy tõ th¸ng 8 n¨m nghiªn cøu vÒ khu hÖ c¸ ë khu vùc Qu¶ng Ninh. 2008 ®Õn th¸ng 2 n¨m 2011. NguyÔn NhËt Thi (1971) ® ghi nhËn ®−îc 183 3. Ph−¬ng ph¸p loµi thuéc 17 hä, 17 bé, trong ®ã cã 45 loµi ë vïng biÓn Tiªn Yªn, Qu¶ng Ninh [12]. Kottelat a. Ngoµi thùc ®Þa (2001) ph¸t hiÖn ®−îc 28 loµi t¹i Qu¶ng Ninh [6]. GÇn ®©y nhÊt, T¹ ThÞ Thñy vµ nnk. (2010) MÉu vËt ®−îc thu b»ng c¸ch trùc tiÕp ®i ®¸nh ® x¸c ®Þnh ®−îc 175 loµi ë s«ng Tiªn Yªn, b¾t cïng ng− d©n b»ng nhiÒu ph−¬ng tiÖn ®¸nh thuéc huyÖn Tiªn Yªn, Qu¶ng Ninh [14]. S«ng b¾t kh¸c nhau (l−íi, chµi, c©u, kÝch ®iÖn) hoÆc Ba ChÏ cã chiÒu dµi 78 km. Cïng víi s«ng Tiªn nhê ng− d©n thu b¾t (cã h−íng dÉn c¸ch thu, ghi Yªn, ®©y lµ hai con s«ng lín nhÊt ë Qu¶ng Ninh. nhn, ®Þnh h×nh vµ b¶o qu¶n). MÉu vËt ®−îc ®Þnh S«ng cã nh÷ng ®Æc ®iÓm thñy v¨n gièng s«ng h×nh trong dung dÞch formalin 8-10% vµ b¶o Tiªn Yªn: s«ng b¾t nguån tõ khu vùc cã l−îng qu¶n trong dung dÞch formalin 5%. Täa ®é c¸c m−a cao, dèc, dÉn ®Õn dßng ch¶y m¹nh vµo mïa ®iÓm nghiªn cøu ®−îc ghi b»ng Garmin GPS 72. m−a vµ c¹n kiÖt vµo mïa kh«. §Æc biÖt, vïng cöa Theo quan ®iÓm cña Venice (1959), thñy vùc s«ng cã biªn ®é triÒu cao vµ h×nh thµnh nh÷ng n−íc lî cã ®é mÆn tõ 5-30 ‰ [11]. §Ó x¸c ®Þnh bi triÒu réng, nªn thµnh phÇn loµi c¸ ë l−u vùc nhãm c¸ sèng ë m«i tr−êng n−íc lî, chóng t«i trªn rÊt phong phó vµ ®a d¹ng, nhÊt lµ c¸c loµi c¸ tiÕn hµnh ®o ®é mÆn b»ng TOA (WQC-22A, n−íc mÆn [11]. Tuy vËy, gi÷a hai s«ng cã sù TOA DDK) kÕt hîp ®¸nh b¾t b»ng l−íi then 2-4 kh¸c nhau vÒ hÖ sè uèn khóc (s«ng Ba ChÏ lµ vµ kÝch ®iÖn tõ ®Þa ®iÓm CÇu NgÇm Ba ChÏ ra 1,78; s«ng Tiªn Yªn lµ 2,48), h−íng ch¶y... [1], cöa s«ng ®Õn ®Þa ®iÓm cã täa ®é (N: 21 o16 ’04,4”; ®iÒu nµy ® t¹o nªn sù kh¸c biÖt vÒ thµnh phÇn E: 107 o18 ’35,5”), n¬i cã ®é mÆn cao nhÊt lµ loµi. 11,7 ‰ trong thêi gian 17h00-22h00 tõ ngµy 17 ®Õn ngµy 19 th¸ng 2 n¨m 2011. I. PH¦¥NG PH¸P NGHI£N CøU b. Ph©n tÝch h×nh th¸i vµ ®Þnh lo¹i 1. §Þa ®iÓm Ph©n tÝch ®Æc ®iÓm h×nh th¸i theo h−íng dÉn §Ò tµi ®−îc tiÕn hµnh ®iÒu tra, kh¶o s¸t vµ cña Pravdin [10]. Sö dông hÖ thèng ph©n lo¹i cña thu mÉu t¹i 14 ®iÓm (h×nh 1): h¹ l−u (tõ ®Þa ®iÓm Eschemeyer (1998) [3]. ViÖc ®Þnh lo¹i chñ yÕu st.1 ®Õn st.4); trung l−u (tõ st.5 ®Õn st.8) vµ dùa vµo c¸c tµi liÖu cña NguyÔn V¨n H¶o (2001, th−îng l−u (tõ st.9 ®Õn st.14). Thñy vùc ®−îc 2005) [4, 5]; NguyÔn NhËt Thi (1991) [13]; Mai ph©n chia dùa vµo NguyÔn V¨n ¢u (1997) [1] vµ §×nh Yªn (1978) [15]; Nakabo (2002) [8]; Vò Trung T¹ng (2008) [11]. Matsuura vµ cs. (2000) [7]; Kottelat (2001) [6]. 2. Thêi gian c. Xö lý sè liÖu § thùc hiÖn ®−îc 8 ®ît ®i kh¶o s¸t vµ thu Sö dông phÇn mÒm Excel vµ Illustrator tæng hîp, xö lý vµ ph©n tÝch sè liÖu. 18 S«ng Ba ChÏ → H×nh 1. S¬ ®å c¸c ®iÓm nghiªn cøu ë l−u vùc s«ng Ba ChÏ, Qu¶ng Ninh tõ th¸ng 8 n¨m 2008 ®Õn th¸ng 2 n¨m 2011 Ghi chó: St.1 - CÇu Ba ChÏ; St.2 - Nam S¬n; St.3 - Khe Cãc; St.4 - CÇu ngÇm Ba ChÏ; St.5 - §ån §¹c; St.6 - Khe T©m; St.7 - Khe Loäng Ngoµi; St.8 - Khe Nh¸ng; St.9 - §¹p Thanh; St.10 - Khe Xa; St.11 - Minh CÇm; St.12 - L−¬ng M«ng; St.13 - Khe Tun; vµ St.14 - T©n èc. II. KÕT QU¶ Vµ TH¶O LUËN s«ng Ba ChÏ (b¶ng 1 vµ h×nh 2). Danh s¸ch nµy ®−îc ph©n chia theo thñy vùc vµ mïa xuÊt hiÖn. Ph©n tÝch 976 mÉu c¸ thu ®−îc trong c¸c ®ît V× ch−a cã ®ñ tµi liÖu, cã 2 d¹ng loµi ch−a x¸c ®iÒu tra, chóng t«i ® x¸c ®Þnh ®−îc 123 loµi ®Þnh ®−îc tªn, ®ã lµ Acheilognathus sp. vµ thuéc 102 gièng, 58 hä vµ 13 bé c¸ ë l−u vùc Rhodeus sp.. B¶ng 1 Danh s¸ch loµi c¸ ë s«ng Ba ChÏ, Qu¶ng Ninh Ph©n bè Nhãm c¸ Nhãm Th−îng l−u Th−îng Trung l−u Mïa m−a Mïa Mïa kh« Mïa kh« S H¹ l−u Tªn khoa häc Tªn ViÖt Nam TT ELOPIFORMES Bé C¸ CH¸O Megalopidae Hä c¸ Ch¸o lín 1 Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) C¸ ch¸o lín + + M VU ANGUILLIFORMES Bé C¸ CH×NH Ophichthidae Hä c¸ NhÖch 2 Muraenichthys gymnopterus (Bleeker, 1853) C¸ nhÖch v©y trÇn + + M 3 M. thompsoni Jordan & Richardson, 1908 C¸ nhÖch r¨ng mét + + M hµng 19 4 Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton, 1822) C¸ nhÖch r¨ng h¹t + + M Muraenesocidae Hä c¸ D−a 5 Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775) C¸ d−a + + M CLUPEIFORMES Bé C¸ TRÝCH Clupeidae Hä c¸ TrÝch 6 Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758) EN C¸ mßi cê hoa + + + ML 7 Konosirus punctatus (Temmick & Schlegel, C¸ mßi cê chÊm + + ML 1846) VU 8 Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795) VU C¸ mßi mâm trßn + + ML 9 Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) C¸ trÝch x−¬ng + + M Engraulidae Hä c¸ Tráng 10 Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758) C¸ lµnh canh ®á + + M 11 Stolephorus commersonnii Lacépède , 1803 C¸ c¬m th−êng + + M 12 Thryssa hamiltonii Gray, 1835 C¸ ríp + + + ML CYPRINIFORMES Bé C¸ CHÐP Cyprinidae Hä c¸ ChÐp Danioninae Ph©n hä c¸ Lßng tong 13 Nicholsicypris normalis (Nichols & Pope, C¸ dÇm suèi th−êng + + + + N 1927) 14 Opsariichthys bidens Gunther, 1873 C¸ ch¸o th−êng + + + + + N 15 Parazacco vuquangensis Nguyen T. T, 1995 C¸ l¸ giang + + + N VU 16 Rasbora steineri Nichols & Pope, 1927 C¸ m¹i säc + + + + N Cultrinae Ph©n hä c¸ M−¬ng 17 Pseudohemiculter dispar (Peter, 1881) C¸ dÇu s«ng th©n + + + + + NL máng 18 Sinibrama affinis (Vaillant, 1892) C¸ nh¸c m¾t to + + + + + NL Hypophthalmichthyinae Ph©n hä c¸ MÌ 19 Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Sauvage, C¸ mÌ tr¾ng ViÖt Nam + + + + N 1884 Gobioninae Ph©n hä c¸ §ôc 20 Hemibarbus medius Yue, 1995 C¸ ®ôc ngé + + + + N 21 Squalidus argentatus (Sauvage & Dabry, C¸ ®ôc tr¾ng máng + + + + N 1874) 22 Saurogobio immaculatus Koller, 1927 C¸ ®ôc ®anh + + N 23 Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis (Gunther, C¸ nhä ch¶o v©y ®en + + + + + N 1873) Acheilognathinae Ph©n hä c¸ ThÌ be 24 Acheilognathus barbatulus Gunther, 1873 C¸ thÌ be r©u + + N 25 Acheilognathus sp. + + N 26 Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1867) C¸ b−ím + + + + + N 27 Rhodeus sp. + + N Barbinae Ph©n hä c¸ Bçng 28 Acrossocheilus elongatus (Pellegrin & C¸ h©n + + N Chevey, 1943) 29 A. iridescens (Nichols & Pope, 1927) C¸ ch¸t hoa + + + + + N 30 Capoeta semifasciolatus (Gunther, 1868) C¸ ®ßng ®ong + + + + N 31 Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima, 1919) C¸ chµy ®Êt + + + + + N 32 Varicorhinus (Onychostoma) laticeps C¸ sØnh gai + + + + N (Gunther, 1896) 33 V. (O.) gerlachi (Peters, 1881) C¸ sØnh th−êng + + + + N 20 Cyprininae Ph©n hä c¸ ChÐp 34 Carassius auratus auratus (Linneaus, 1758) C¸ diÕc m¾t ®á + + + + + N 35 Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) C¸ chÐp + + + + N Cobitidae Hä c¸ Ch¹ch Nemacheilinae Ph©n hä c¸ Ch¹ch suèi 36 Micronemacheilus pulcher (Nichols & Pope, C¸ ch¹ch cËt punch¬ + + + + + N 1927) Cobitinae Ph©n hä c¸ Ch¹ch bïn 37 Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Darby, 1874 C¸ ch¹ch hoa Trung + + + + N Quèc 38 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842) C¸ ch¹ch bïn + + + + + N 39 M. tonkinensis Rendahl, 1937 C¸ ch¹ch bïn nói + + N Balitoridae Hä c¸ Ch¹ch v©y b»ng 40 Protomyzon sinensis Chen, 1980 C¸ ch¹ch b¸m nguyªn + + + N 41 Beaufortia daon (Mai, 1978) C¸ b¸m v©y liÒn s«ng + + + N ®µ SILURIFORMES Bé C¸ NHEO Bagridae Hä c¸ L¨ng 42 Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis Nguyen V.
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