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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Phenology Monitoring Protocol Northeast Temperate Network Natural Resource Report NPS/NETN/NRR—2013/681 ON THE COVER Clockwise from top left: close-up of rough-stemmed goldenrod with fruits unripe; goldenrod with fruits ripe; red maple leaf in fall color at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP; and Audio Recording Unit being set up in March at Marsh-Billings- Rockefeller NHP by SCA intern Amanda Anderson. Photographs by: Top: Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, bottom: Ed Sharron Phenology Monitoring Protocol Northeast Temperate Network Natural Resource Report NPS/NETN/NRR—2013/681 Geri Tierney1, Brian Mitchell2, Abe Miller-Rushing3, Jonathan Katz4, Ellen Denny5, Corinne Brauer4, Therese Donovan6, Andrew D. Richardson7, Michael Toomey7, Adam Kozlowski2, Jake Weltzin8, Kathy Gerst5, Ed Sharron2, Oliver Sonnentag7, Fred Dieffenbach2 1Department of Environmental & Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry Syracuse, NY 13210 2Northeast Temperate Network 54 Elm Street Woodstock, VT 05091 3Acadia National Park Schoodic Education and Research Center Bar Harbor, ME 04609 4Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources The University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405 5National Coordinating Office USA National Phenology Network Tucson, AZ 85721 6U.S. Geological Survey Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Burlington, VT 05405 7Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 July 2013 8 U.S. Geological Survey National Coordinating Office U.S. Department of the Interior USA National Phenology Network National Park Service Tucson, AZ 85721 Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal, high-level peer review based on the importance of its content, or its potentially controversial or precedent-setting nature. Peer review was conducted by highly qualified individuals with subject area technical expertise and was overseen by a peer review manager. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from the Northeast Temperate Network (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/netn/monitor/programs/phenology/phenology.cfm), and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Tierney, G., B. Mitchell, A. Miller-Rushing, J. Katz, E. Denny, C. Brauer, T. Donovan, A. D. Richardson, M. Toomey, A. Kozlowski, J. Weltzin, K. Gerst, E. Sharron, O. Sonnentag, F. Dieffenbach. 2013. Phenology monitoring protocol: Northeast Temperate Network. Natural Resource Report NPS/NETN//NRR—2013/681. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 962/121697, July 2013 ii Contents Page Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ xiii List of Terms and Acronyms ....................................................................................................... xiii Background and Objectives ............................................................................................................ 1 Justification .............................................................................................................................. 1 Existing Programs .................................................................................................................... 2 Pilot Project ............................................................................................................................. 2 Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................................... 3 Sampling Design ............................................................................................................................. 7 Approach .................................................................................................................................. 7 Sampling Frame and Site Selection ......................................................................................... 8 Frequency and Replication .................................................................................................... 10 Species and Individual Selection ........................................................................................... 10 Detectable Level of Change ................................................................................................... 11 Methods......................................................................................................................................... 13 Field Season Preparations ...................................................................................................... 13 Establishing sites ................................................................................................................... 13 Sequence of Events During the Field Season ........................................................................ 14 Making Observations ............................................................................................................. 14 Automated Data ..................................................................................................................... 14 Data Processing ..................................................................................................................... 15 End of Season Procedures ..................................................................................................... 15 iii Contents (continued) Page Data Management, Analysis and Reporting ................................................................................. 17 Data Submission and Management ....................................................................................... 17 Quality Assurance/Quality Control ....................................................................................... 17 Data Analysis, Integration and Reporting ............................................................................. 17 Personnel Requirements and Training .......................................................................................... 19 Roles and Responsibilities ..................................................................................................... 19 Qualifications ......................................................................................................................... 19 Training Procedures ............................................................................................................... 19 Operational Requirements ............................................................................................................ 21 Annual Workload and Field Schedule ................................................................................... 21 Equipment and Supplies ........................................................................................................ 22 Startup Costs and Budget Issues ............................................................................................ 22 Legal Requirements ............................................................................................................... 22 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 25 Revision History ........................................................................................................................... 29 Appendix A. Monitored Phenophases for NETN Species ............................................................ 30 Appendix B. NETN Phenology Program Contact List ................................................................. 35 SOP 1 – Safety .............................................................................................................................