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دراسة تصنيفية على تحت العائلة الفراشية Papilionoideae

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Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences EJUA-BA Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020) https://doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2020.1.12 ISSN: 2708-0684 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺤﺜﯿﺔ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ Faboideae = Papilionoideae ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ، ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ، اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺔ 1،* 2 ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺳﻌﺪ ﺳﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﻮﺷﺒﻲ وﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﻜﯿﻢ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﺳﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺠﯿﻠﻲ 1 ﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﯿﺎة، ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﺪن، ﻋﺪن، اﻟﯿﻤﻦ 2 ﻗﺴﻢ اﻷﺣﯿﺎء، ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﺪن، ﻋﺪن، اﻟﯿﻤﻦ *اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ: ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺳﻌﺪ ﺳﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﻮﺷﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ [email protected] اﺳﺘﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ: 18 ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ 2020 / ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ: 26 ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ 2020 / ﻧﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ: 7 ﻣﺎرس 2020 اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ اھﺘﻤﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻔﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ Faboideae = Papilionoideae، ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ، وذﻟﻚ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ 2018م ﺣﺘﻰ أﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2019م، إذ َﺟ ْﻤﻌُﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. ﺗﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ذات اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ Faboideae = Papilionoideae، ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺳﺮد ﻣﺮادﻓﺎت اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ واﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ واﻧﺘﺸﺎره ﻓﯿﮭﺎ، وﻗﺪم ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻧﻮاع وأﺟﻨﺎس ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ Faboideae = Papilionoideae، ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت وﺿﻮﺣﺎً وأﻋﻼھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ، ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ واﺳﺘﺤﺪاﺛﮭﺎ. وﻗﺪ أﺳﻔﺮت اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻮد 23 ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺎً ﺿﻤﻦ 8 أﺟﻨﺎس ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺖ اﻟﻔﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ Faboideae = Papilionoideae. أﻛﺜﺮ اﻷﺟﻨﺎس ﺗﻨﻮﻋﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ھﻲ اﻟـ Indigofera (9 أﻧﻮاع) و Tephrosia (4 أﻧﻮاع)، إذ ﺷﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 56.52% ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻸﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. ﻛﻤﺎ أﺛﺒﺘﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أن اﻟﻨﻮع (Zygocarpum yemenense) ﻣﺘﻮطﻨﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ وﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺧﺎرﺟﮭﺎ. أﺛﺒﺘﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أن اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﻀﺮﯾﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮﯾﺔ ذات ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﻧﻮاع واﻷﺟﻨﺎس. وﺟﻮد اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ اﻟﻐﺪﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻨﺒﺎت، اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﻤﺮي اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ أو اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ وﻋﺪد اﻟﻮرﯾﻘﺎت ﺗُﻌﺪ ﺻﻔﺎت ذات ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ ﻷﻧﻮاع ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟـ Indigofera. اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ 5 ورﯾﻘﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﯿﺰت اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻟﺠﻨﺲ اﻟـ Tephrosia ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ. وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﺒﯿﻦ أن ﻧﻮﻋﺎً واﺣﺪاً ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺟﺪﯾﺪاً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﺠﻨﺲ اﻟـ Indigofera. اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ: ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ، ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ، أﺟﻨﺎس، أﻧﻮاع، ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ، ﻟﺤﺞ. 1. اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺎذﻧﺠﺎﻧﯿﺔ Solanaceae ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ [9]، أﻣﺎ King-Jones [10] ﻓﻘﺪ دَرس ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟـ Pluchea ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ Asteraceae ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ ُﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻔﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ Faboideae = Papilionoideae ﻣﻦ اﻛﺒﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ وﺳﻘﻄﺮى. اﻟﻔﺼﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺜﻼث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﻘﻮﻟﯿﺔ Fabaceae، وﯾﻤﺜﻠﮭﺎ 440 ﺟﻨﺴﺎً اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻷﻗﻞ دراﺳﺔ وﻓﮭﻤﺎً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ، ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ وﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 12.800 ﻧﻮع، ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ، وﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻮاﺋﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع ذات اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻻﻣﺘﻼك ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ أﻋﺸﺎب أو ﺟﻨﺒﺎت وﺟﻨﯿﺒﺎت، أو أﺷﺠﺎر [1 و 2]. وﺗﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻔﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮطﻨﺔ. ﻟﺬﻟﻚ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻮرﯾﺔ Floristic اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ أھﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻔﺼﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﻘﻮﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ study ﺑﻮﺟﮫ ﻋﺎم واﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﺟﺮاف Monograph واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ Revision ﻛﻮﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ طﻠﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﻋﻲ وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻷﻏﺬﯾﺔ واﻷﻋﻼف واﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰ Synopsis ﺑﻮﺟﮫ ﺧﺎص ﺑﻐﺮض ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻣﺜﻼً واﻟﺰﯾﻮت وزراﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﻛﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت زﯾﻨﺔ، واﺳﺘﺨﻼص اﻷﺻﺒﺎغ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟـ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻌﯿﻨﮫ أو ﻓﺼﯿﻠﺔ أو رﺗﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﯿﻨﮭﺎ، ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ. Indigofera، وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﻔﺺ واﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﯿﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﻄﺮﯾﺔ، وﺗُﻌﺪ ﺳﻤﺎداً أﺧﻀﺮ Green manure [3]، إذ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺬورھﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ أھﺪاف اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﯿﺘﺮوﺟﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﻮي ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع Rhizobium ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ إﻏﻨﺎء اﺣﺘﯿﺎطﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﯿﺘﺮوﺟﯿﻦ ورﻓﻊ اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ. ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻧﻈﺮاً ﻟﻨﺪرة أﺟﺮاء اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺮﺗﺐ، اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼت وواﺳﻌﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﯿﻤﻦ، إذ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ 61 ﺟﻨﺴﺎً و 206 ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻦ واﻷﺟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ، وﻟﻮﺟﻮد أﺟﻨﺎس ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ ﺿﻤﻨﮭﺎ 24 ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﺘﻮطﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ [4 و Faboideae = Papilionoideae .[5 وذﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟـ Astragalus، وﯾﻮﻟﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ أھﻤﯿﺔ ﻗﺼﻮى ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﺤﯿﻮي ﻋﺎﻣﺔ، Rhynchosia ،Indigofera و Tephrosia، اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪ أﺟﻨﺎس ﺣﺮﺟﺔ واﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ، ﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮدود ﻋﻠﻤﻲ واﻗﺘﺼﺎدي إذ ﯾﮭﺘﻢ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻮاﻋﮭﺎ، وﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻷﺣﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻟﻮﺿﻌﮭﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ وﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﯿﮭﺎ، واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون اﻟﻮراﺛﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﯿﺎء اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﻣﻨﮭﺎ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ، اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ وھﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻮاﻋﺪة ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺎً، وﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اطﺮاف اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ وﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ھﺎم ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺎرة ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﯿﺔ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪودھﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﺗﻌﺮﺿﮭﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ: اﻟﮭﺠﺮات اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺘﯿﻦ، وإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺮاه ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ، 1. ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﻮاع واﻷﺟﻨﺎس ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ = Faboideae اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﯿﺌﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﺤﯿﺎة أﻧﻮاع ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﺻﻮل [Papilionoideae .[6 ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. وإذا ﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻠﻮرا اﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺔ ﻛﺪراﺳﺎت ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺮﺗﺐ 2. ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻦ أﺟﻨﺎس وأﻧﻮاع ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ أو اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼت أو اﻷﺟﻨﺎس ﻧﺠﺪ أن ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟـ Acacia اﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ. اﻟﻄﻠﺤﯿﺔ Mimosoideae اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﻘﻮﻟﯿﺔ Fabaceae دُرس 3. اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ أﺟﻨﺎس ﻛﻤﻮﺟﺰ Synopsis ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ [7 و 8]، ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ دُرس ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟـ Solanum اﻟﺬي وأﻧﻮاع ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ. EJUA-BA | March 2020 Page 61 Pages 61 - 68 اﻟﺤﻮﺷﺒﻲ واﻟﺤﺠﯿﻠﻲ Electronic Journal of University of Aden For Basic and Applied Sciences EJUA Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2020 https://ejua.net ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﺎ، واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻌﺮض°13 46 667 ﺷﻤﺎﻻ ً وﺧﻂ اﻟﻄﻮل 45° 11 667 ﺷﺮﻗﺎً، وﺗﻘﺪر ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﮭﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ (ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ) ھﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺎت ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ، ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻋﺮض 647 ﻛﻢ2، ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 4.3% ﻣﻦ اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ 12° 30 و 14° 00 ﺷﻤﺎﻻ ً وﺧﻄﻲ طﻮل43° 30 و45° 30 ﺷﺮﻗﺎ ً. ﯾﺤﺪ 15.210 ﻛﻢ2. ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺤﻮطﺔ (ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮق ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ أﺑﯿﻦ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮب ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺗﻌﺰ وﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ) ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 64 ﻛﻢ، وﺗﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﯾﮭﺮ، وﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻟﻊ واﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء وﺑﻌﺾ اﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺗﻌﺰ وﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﺠﻨﻮب ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ردﻓﺎن، وﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮب ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ، وﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮق اﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﺪن وﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻋﺪن. ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ (اﻟﺤﻮطﺔ) ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺎء أراﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ أﺑﯿﻦ (ﺷﻜﻞ 1). ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 320 ﻛﻢ. ﺗﻀﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ 15 ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ، ﺷﻜﻞ (1) ﺧﺎرطﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ (اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وزارة اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ) 2. ﻣﻮاد وطﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة (أﺷﺠﺎر وﺟﻨﺒﺎت) ﺟﻤﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻮع اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ، ﺑﺤﯿﺚ اﺣﺘﻮت ﻋﻠﻰ أوراق، أزھﺎر أو ﻧﻮرات وﺛﻤﺎر. أﺟﺮﯾﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ، ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ، اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺔ، - اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺿﻐﻄﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ورق اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﺪ واﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ ﻛﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺮت ﻟﻐﺮض دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ. اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻲ، ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻠﺖ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺠﻔﯿﻒ. - ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﻔﺎف اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ، ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ورق ﻣﻌﺸﺒﻲ 1.2. اﻟﺰﯾﺎرات اﻟﺤﻘﻠﯿﺔ (ﻣﻘﻮى) ﺣﺠﻢ (42 ﺳﻢ × 29 ﺳﻢ) ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺛﻼث ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﺟﺎﻓﺔ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ورق اﻟﻤﻘﻮى ووﺿﻌﺖ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ: اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ، اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ، ﻧﻔﺬت اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﻘﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺮﺣﻼت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ، اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ، رﻗﻢ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ، اﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ، ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ. ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ2018 ﺣﺘﻰ أﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2019م، ﺑﻮاﻗﻊ أرﺑﻊ زﯾﺎرات ﻛﻞ ﺷﮭﺮ، وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ازدادت إﻟﻰ ﺛﻤﺎن رﺣﻼت ﻛﻞ ﺷﮭﺮ ﺧﻼل اﻷﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻄﺮة، وﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ أزھﺎر 3.2. ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ. ﺗﻢ اﻟﻨﺰول إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻄﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ (ودﯾﺎن ً - ﺳﮭﻮل – ھﻀﺎب – ﻣﻨﺤﺪرات – ﺟﺒﺎل – ِأراض زراﻋﯿﺔ – ﻣﺪرﺟﺎت زراﻋﯿﺔ) ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ وﺗﺴﻤﯿﺔ وﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟـ [2، -13 20]. وﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻮﻓﺮة اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت وﻛﺜﺎﻓﺘﮭﺎ واﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ. وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ 1061 ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. وﻗﺪ ُﺳﺠﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ 3. اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ وﺗﻢ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ واﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺮادﻓﺔ ﻟﮫ، واﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ واﻧﺘﺸﺎره ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. وﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﻨﺲ أظﮭﺮت ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وﺟﻮد 23 ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ً ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺎً ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ، م / ﻟﺤﺞ ﺗﻘﻊ واﻟﻨﻮع. ﺗﺤﺖ 8 أﺟﻨﺎس ﺗﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻔﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ Papilionoideae = Faboideae، ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺟﻨﺎس اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺼﻔﺎت 2.2. اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻀﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻔﯿﻒ واﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ: 1. اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﺎت ----------------------------------------- 2 - ﺟﻤﻌﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﺧﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺤﺸﺮﯾﺔ واﻟﻤﺮﺿﯿﺔ أو أي أﺿﺮار - اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن أﻋﺸﺎب ﺣﻮﻟﯿﺔ أو ﻣﻌﻤﺮة أو ﺟﻨﯿﺒﺎت ------------------ 3 أﺧﺮى، واﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷزھﺎر واﻟﺜﻤﺎر ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷوراق 2. اﻷوراق ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ رﯾﺸﯿﺔ أﺣﺎدﯾﺔ زوﺟﯿﺔ، وﻋﺪد اﻟﻮرﯾﻘﺎت ﻣﻦ 30-38 ورﯾﻘﺔ واﻟﺴﯿﻘﺎن (اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة أو اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ، اﻷﻋﺸﺎب واﻟﺠﻨﯿﺒﺎت –--------------------------------------------------------- Cadia .1 اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة)، ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ وﺣﻔﻈﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ أﺟﺰاﺋﮭﺎ [11 و 12]. ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ Page 62 EJUA-BA | March 2020 دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﯿﺔ Faboideae = Papilionoideae ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺒﺮ، ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ، اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺔ Pages 61 - 68 - اﻷوراق ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ رﯾﺸﯿﺔ أﺣﺎدﯾﺔ ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ، وﻋﺪد اﻟﻮرﯾﻘﺎت ﻣﻦ 5-11 ورﯾﻘﺔ ---- 2. ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻨﻮرة أﺧﻀﺮ، ﻋﺪد اﻷزھﺎر ﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ 15 زھﺮة، واﻟﻘﺮن --------------------------------------------------- Zygocarpum .8 ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ----------------------------------------*----- I. spiniflora .7 3. اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ أﻋﺸﺎب ﺣﻮﻟﯿﺔ أو ﻣﻌﻤﺮة ﻓﻘﻂ --------------------- 4 - ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻨﻮرة ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ، ﻋﺪد اﻷزھﺎر ﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ 5 أزھﺎر، واﻟﻘﺮن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ - اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن أﻋﺸﺎب أو ﺟﻨﯿﺒﺎت ------------------- I. spinosa ------------------------------------------------------- 4. Indigofera .8 4. اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ أﻋﺸﺎب ﻣﻌﻤﺮة، زاﺣﻔﺔ، ﻣﺘﺴﻠﻘﺔ أو ﻣﻠﺘﻔﺔ ------------- 3. ﻛﻞ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻣﻜﺴﻮة ﺑﺰواﺋﺪ ﻏﺪﯾﺔ ----- I. colutea var. colutea .4 ----------------------------------------------------- Rhynchosia .5 - أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ ---------------------------------------------- 4 - اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻧﻤﻮھﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ -------------------------------------- 5 4. اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻋﺸﺒﻲ ﺣﻮﻟﻲ أو ﻣﻌﻤﺮ -------------------------------------- 5 5. اﻷوراق ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ رﯾﺸﯿﺔ أﺣﺎدﯾﺔ ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ، ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ 3-13 ورﯾﻘﺔ ---- 6 - اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﺟﻨﯿﺒﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ----------------------------------------------- 6 - اﻻوراق ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ رﯾﺸﯿﺔ أﺣﺎدﯾﺔ زوﺟﯿﺔ، ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ 26-56 ورﯾﻘﺔ ---------- 5. ﻋﺸﺐ ﺣﻮﻟﻲ، اﻟﻘﺮن ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ، طﻮﻟﮫ 1.5 ﺳﻢ، ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ -------------------------------------------------------- Sesbania .6 ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﺬور ----------------------------- I. hochstetteri .5 6. اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ 3 ورﯾﻘﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ ------------- Crotalaria .2 - ﻋﺸﺐ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ، اﻟﻘﺮن ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ، طﻮﻟﮫ ﯾﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ 1.1 ﺳﻢ، ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ - اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ 3-13 ورﯾﻘﺔ ------------------------------- 7 اﻣﺘﺪاد اﻟﻘﺮن ﺧﻂ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﺦ ﯾﻤﺮ ﺑﻤﻨﺘﺼﻔﮫ --------------------- I. arabica .1 7.
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    OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally by publfshfng peer-revfewed arfcles onlfne every month at a reasonably rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . All arfcles publfshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa Bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Artfcle Florfstfc dfversfty of Bhfmashankar Wfldlffe Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Indfa Savfta Sanjaykumar Rahangdale & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale 26 August 2017 | Vol. 9| No. 8 | Pp. 10493–10527 10.11609/jot. 3074 .9. 8. 10493-10527 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2017 | 9(8): 10493–10527 Article Floristic diversity of Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India Savita Sanjaykumar Rahangdale 1 & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale2 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Department of Botany, B.J. Arts, Commerce & Science College, Ale, Pune District, Maharashtra 412411, India 2 Department of Botany, A.W. Arts, Science & Commerce College, Otur, Pune District, Maharashtra 412409, India OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) is located on the crestline of the northern Western Ghats in Pune and Thane districts in Maharashtra State.
  • Departamento De Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior De

    Departamento De Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior De

    CRECIMIENTO FORESTAL EN EL BOSQUE TROPICAL DE MONTAÑA: EFECTOS DE LA DIVERSIDAD FLORÍSTICA Y DE LA MANIPULACIÓN DE NUTRIENTES. Tesis Doctoral Nixon Leonardo Cumbicus Torres 2015 UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA E.T.S. I. AGRONÓMICA, AGROALIMENTARIA Y DE BIOSISTEMAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA-BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL TESIS DOCTORAL CRECIMIENTO FORESTAL EN EL BOSQUE TROPICAL DE MONTAÑA: EFECTOS DE LA DIVERSIDAD FLORÍSTICA Y DE LA MANIPULACIÓN DE NUTRIENTES. Autor: Nixon Leonardo Cumbicus Torres1 Directores: Dr. Marcelino de la Cruz Rot2, Dr. Jürgen Homeir3 1Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. 2Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología y Geología, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. 3Ecologia de Plantas. Albrecht von Haller. Instituto de ciencias de Plantas. Georg August University de Göttingen. Madrid, 2015. I Marcelino de la Cruz Rot, Profesor Titular de Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología y Geología, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos y Jürgen Homeir, Profesor de Ecologia de Plantas. Albrecht von Haller. Instituto de ciencias de las Plantas. Georg August Universidad de Göttingen CERTIFICAN: Que los trabajos de investigación desarrollados en la memoria de tesis doctoral: “Crecimiento forestal en el bosque tropical de montaña: Efectos de la diversidad florística y de la manipulación de nutrientes.”, han sido realizados bajo su dirección y autorizan que sea presentada para su defensa por Nixon Leonardo Cumbicus Torres ante el Tribunal que en su día se consigne, para aspirar al Grado de Doctor por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. VºBº Director Tesis VºBº Director de Tesis Dr. Marcelino de la Cruz Rot Dr. Jürgen Homeir II III Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco.
  • A Revision of the Indigofereae (Fabaceae) in Australia. 1. Indigastrum and the Simple Or Unifoliolate Species of Indigofera

    A Revision of the Indigofereae (Fabaceae) in Australia. 1. Indigastrum and the Simple Or Unifoliolate Species of Indigofera

    651 A revision of the Indigofereae (Fabaceae) in Australia. 1. Indigastrum and the simple or unifoliolate species of Indigofera Peter G. Wilson and Ross Rowe Abstract Wilson, Peter G.1 and Rowe, R.1, 2 (1National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; 2present address: Environment Australia, GPO Box 787, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia) 2004. A revision of the Indigofereae (Fabaceae) in Australia. 1. Indigastrum and the simple or unifoliolate species of Indigofera. Telopea 10(3): 651–682. The first part of a revision of Australian representatives of the tribe Indigofereae (Fabaceae) is presented. Two genera are recognised for Australia, Indigastrum, with one variable species, Indigastrum parviflorum, and Indigofera. In this paper, we give a general introduction to the tribe and treat Indigastrum and those species of Indigofera with simple or unifoliolate leaves; the remainder of the species of Indigofera will be covered in a future publication. The twelve species of Indigofera (ten endemic, one native and one introduced) with simple or unifoliolate leaves are fully described and one species complex is indicated as worthy of further in-depth study. Where relevant, typification, variation, and conservation status are discussed. Five new species of Indigofera are described and illustrated: Indigofera ixocarpa, I. rupicola, I. petraea, I. pilifera and I. triflora. Two synonyms of Indigastrum parviflorum are lectotypified. Introduction Indigofera and its allies are now widely considered to constitute a group of tribal rank, the Indigofereae (Rydberg 1923, Polhill 1981b, Schrire 1995); the tribe is predominantly one of the Old World tropics. Polhill (1981a: 199, fig. 4) considered it to be derived from a broadly defined, woody ‘Tephrosieae’ (=Millettieae) and rbcL sequence data (Doyle et al.
  • A New Subfamily Classification of The

    A New Subfamily Classification of The

    LPWG Phylogeny and classification of the Leguminosae TAXON 66 (1) • February 2017: 44–77 A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG) Recommended citation: LPWG (2017) This paper is a product of the Legume Phylogeny Working Group, who discussed, debated and agreed on the classification of the Leguminosae presented here, and are listed in alphabetical order. The text, keys and descriptions were written and compiled by a subset of authors indicated by §. Newly generated matK sequences were provided by a subset of authors indicated by *. All listed authors commented on and approved the final manuscript. Nasim Azani,1 Marielle Babineau,2* C. Donovan Bailey,3* Hannah Banks,4 Ariane R. Barbosa,5* Rafael Barbosa Pinto,6* James S. Boatwright,7* Leonardo M. Borges,8* Gillian K. Brown,9* Anne Bruneau,2§* Elisa Candido,6* Domingos Cardoso,10§* Kuo-Fang Chung,11* Ruth P. Clark,4 Adilva de S. Conceição,12* Michael Crisp,13* Paloma Cubas,14* Alfonso Delgado-Salinas,15 Kyle G. Dexter,16* Jeff J. Doyle,17 Jérôme Duminil,18* Ashley N. Egan,19* Manuel de la Estrella,4§* Marcus J. Falcão,20 Dmitry A. Filatov,21* Ana Paula Fortuna-Perez,22* Renée H. Fortunato,23 Edeline Gagnon,2* Peter Gasson,4 Juliana Gastaldello Rando,24* Ana Maria Goulart de Azevedo Tozzi,6 Bee Gunn,13* David Harris,25 Elspeth Haston,25 Julie A. Hawkins,26* Patrick S. Herendeen,27§ Colin E. Hughes,28§* João R.V. Iganci,29* Firouzeh Javadi,30* Sheku Alfred Kanu,31 Shahrokh Kazempour-Osaloo,32* Geoffrey C.
  • Bioaccumulation and Distribution of Indospicine and Its Foregut Metabolites in Camels Fed Indigofera Spicata

    Bioaccumulation and Distribution of Indospicine and Its Foregut Metabolites in Camels Fed Indigofera Spicata

    toxins Article Bioaccumulation and Distribution of Indospicine and Its Foregut Metabolites in Camels Fed Indigofera spicata Gabriele Netzel 1, Eddie T. T. Tan 1,2, Mukan Yin 1, Cindy Giles 3, Ken W. L. Yong 3, Rafat Al Jassim 1 and Mary T. Fletcher 1,* 1 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; [email protected] (G.N.); [email protected] (E.T.T.T.); [email protected] (M.Y.); [email protected] (R.A.J.) 2 Alliance of Research and Innovation for Food (ARIF), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah Campus, Negeri Sembilan 72000, Malaysia 3 Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; [email protected] (C.G.); [email protected] (K.W.L.Y.) * Correspondence: mary.fl[email protected]; Tel.: +61-7-3443-2479 Received: 20 February 2019; Accepted: 8 March 2019; Published: 19 March 2019 Abstract: In vitro experiments have demonstrated that camel foregut-fluid has the capacity to metabolize indospicine, a natural toxin which causes hepatotoxicosis, but such metabolism is in competition with absorption and outflow of indospicine from the different segments of the digestive system. Six young camels were fed Indigofera spicata (337 µg indospicine/kg BW/day) for 32 days, at which time three camels were euthanized. The remaining camels were monitored for a further 100 days after cessation of this indospicine diet.
  • Volume 5 No. 1 ISSN 1027–4286 April 2000

    Volume 5 No. 1 ISSN 1027–4286 April 2000

    Volume 5 No. 1 ISSN 1027–4286 April 2000 IN THIS ISSUE Editorial 2 Profile: Augustine Chikuni 3 SABONET Nyika Expedition 2000 5 Life at Natal Herbarium 15 SABONET Report Series update: 18 • Plant taxonomic and diversity expertise directory • Environmental interpretation in botanic gardens • Botanic Gardens Needs Assessment 16th IBC in St Louis 19 Southern African Plant Red Data List Workshop 23 Fantastic fungi need your support 25 Dealing with DDs 28 Mining in a biodiversity hotspot 32 Red Data List Assessment for Dalbergia melanoxylon 35 From the Web 36 Looking for a new research project? 38 Making keys work 40 Obituary: Rosemary Holcroft 46 The Paper Chase 51 Book Review: People’s Plants 57 E-mail Addresses 58 Regional News Update 66 FRONT COVER: The giant lobelia, Lobelia mildbraedii (Lobeliaceae), growing at Lake Kaulime, Nyika National Park, Malawi. this edition of our newsletter, with certainly more exciting reports and scientific findings expected once the more than 3 000 plant specimens that were collected during the expedition have been identified and analysed. This recent expedition was a great learning experience for all the participants, from the young botanists to the more experienced plant taxonomists, and will stand us in good stead for future regional expeditions planned within the project and beyond. The project’s philosophy is Editorial “learning by doing”, and we certainly learnt by doing on this recent expedition. The next regional Welcome to the 12th edition of SABONET News, the botanical collecting expedition is scheduled to be official newsletter of the Southern African Botanical held in Mozambique, probably in 2001, and will be Diversity Network Project, more commonly known as much, and possibly even more of a challenge, as SABONET.
  • Multiple Facets of Biodiversity: Assembly Processes, Trait Composition, and Functionality Along Tropical Elevation Gradients

    Multiple Facets of Biodiversity: Assembly Processes, Trait Composition, and Functionality Along Tropical Elevation Gradients

    Multiple facets of biodiversity: Assembly processes, trait composition, and functionality along tropical elevation gradients Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer.nat.) dem Fachbereich Biologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Yvonne Christin Tiede aus Gifhorn Marburg an der Lahn, Oktober 2017 Vom Fachbereich Biologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation am 21.11.2017 angenommen. Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Nina Farwig Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Roland Brandl Tag der mündlichen Prüfung am: 07.12.2017 Land of the Sun! Where joyous green-robes Spring And leaf-crowned Summer deck the Earth for ever; No Winter stern their sweet embrace to sever And numb to silence every living thing, But bird and insect ever on the wing, Flitting ‚mid forest glades and tangled bowers, While the life-giving orb’s effulgent beams Through all the circling year call forth the flowers. Here graceful palms, here luscious fruits have birth; The fragrant coffee, life-sustaining rice, Sweet canes, and wondrous gums, and odorous spice; While Flora`s choicest treasures crowd the teeming earth. Beside each cot the golden Orange stands, And broad-leaved Plantain, pride of Tropic lands. Alfred R. Wallace Table of contents Table of contents Chapter 1 General introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Biodiversity as the backbone of functioning ecosystems ..........................................................................
  • Systematics, Diversity and Forage Value of Indigenous Legumes of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland

    Systematics, Diversity and Forage Value of Indigenous Legumes of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland

    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(63), pp. 13773-13779, 17 October, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.2224 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Systematics, diversity and forage value of indigenous legumes of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland Marike Trytsman 1,2*, Abraham Erasmus van Wyk 2 and Elizabeth Letty Masemola 1 1Agricultural Research Council - Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X05, Lynn East, 0039 South Africa. 2Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa. Accepted 8 August, 2011 The diversity of legumes, indigenous to South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland is reported using recorded descriptive and distribution data. A total of 24 tribes, 118 genera and 1662 species were documented with the majority of genera belonging to subfamily Faboideae, tribe Phaseoleae, and the majority of species to tribe Crotalarieae. In terms of distribution patterns, most species were present in the Savanna Biome and Central Bushveld Bioregion. Even though most tribes contain species with secondary metabolites (mainly non-protein amino acids), tribes containing poisonous species are far fewer. Herbs are the key growth form, followed by shrubs, dwarf shrubs and trees. The majority of species are perennials. A map representing the collection intensity for the study area showed that the majority of legumes species were collected in the Fynbos, Savanna and Grassland Biome. It is concluded that indigenous South African legumes are
  • Full Text Article

    Full Text Article

    MEP Candollea 65-2_. 18.11.10 13:29 Page359 Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 1-5 Martin W. Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson & Laurent Gautier (ed.) Abstract Résumé CALLMANDER, M. W., P. B. PHILLIPSON & L. GAUTIER (ed.) (2010). CALLMANDER, M. W., P. B. PHILLIPSON & L. GAUTIER (ed.) (2010). Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 1-5. Candollea 65: 359-376. In English, Notes sur la flore de Madagascar, 1-5. Candollea 65: 359-376. En anglais, English and French abstracts. résumés anglais et français. Ongoing research on Madagascar’s flora is revealing numer- Les recherches en cours sur la flore de Madagascar révèlent ous taxonomic novelties and nomenclatural inconsistencies, de nombreuses nouveautés taxonomiques, des problèmes and providing new data on species distribution. This is the first de nomenclature et de nouvelles données sur la distribution article in a series that aims to provide the botanical commu- des espèces. Cette note est la première d’une série destinée à nity working on the flora of Madagascar an opportunity to pub- donner à la communauté botanique internationale travaillant lish short communications on these topics. – Note 1. Dealing sur Madagascar la possibilité de publier de courtes contribu- with Indigofera nivea (Leguminosae) – a new name for Mada- tions traitant de ces aspects. – Note 1. A propos d’Indigofera gascar and a new combination for Africa, by Martin W. Call- nivea (Leguminosae) – un nom nouveau pour Madagascar mander, Jean-Noël Labat & Brian D. Schrire. The authors et une nouvelle combinaison pour l’Afrique, par Martin W. resolve the application of “Indigofera nivea”. Indigofera nivea Callmander, Jean-Noël Labat & Brian D.
  • Taxonomic Treatment of Indigofera L. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) in the New World

    Taxonomic Treatment of Indigofera L. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) in the New World

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1992 Taxonomic Treatment of Indigofera L. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) in the New World. Alan Wayne Lievens Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Lievens, Alan Wayne, "Taxonomic Treatment of Indigofera L. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) in the New World." (1992). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5395. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5395 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
  • A Review of Tribe Indigofereae (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in Southern Africa (Including South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland &Am

    A Review of Tribe Indigofereae (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in Southern Africa (Including South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland &Am

    SAJB-00964; No of Pages 3 South African Journal of Botany xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Review A review of tribe Indigofereae (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in Southern Africa (including South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland & Namibia; excluding Botswana) Brian Schrire ⁎ The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK article info abstract Article history: A review is given of the legume tribe Indigofereae for the region of southern Africa including Namibia. The overall Received 10 June 2013 distribution, taxon statistics, phylogenetic relationships, uses, bibliography and a checklist of taxa in the tribe are Received in revised form 18 June 2013 provided covering the c. 340 taxa of Indigofereae within the region. Accepted 21 June 2013 © 2013 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Available online xxxx Edited by B-E Van Wyk Keywords: Leguminosae Fabaceae Indigofera Indigofereae South Africa Namibia Checklist Contents 1. Introduction............................................................... 0 2. Phylogeny,biogeographyanduses..................................................... 0 3. Taxonomyandbibliography........................................................ 0 Appendices:ChecklistofsouthernAfricanIndigofereae.............................................. 0 References.................................................................. 0 1. Introduction (Wojciechowski et al., 2004; Schrire, 2005; Schrire et al., 2009; Cardoso et al., 2012; LPWG, 2013). The tribe is well supported as The Indigofereae is a small tribe comprising six genera of often very at- a monophyletic group sister to the Madagascan dry forest genus tractive, pink to red-flowered shrubs and herbs. They are mostly African– Disynstemon (Schrire et al., 2009), with Phylloxylon (7 spp.), also Madagascan in distribution, except for the largest genus Indigofera which endemic to Madagascar, being strongly resolved as the earliest is pantropical.
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Aberdare Ranges Forest, a Part of Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot

    An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Aberdare Ranges Forest, a Part of Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 149: 1–88 (2020) A checklist of vascular plants of Aberdare Ranges forest 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.149.48042 CHECKLIST http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Aberdare Ranges Forest, a part of Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot Solomon Kipkoech1,2,4, David Kimutai Melly1,2,4, Benjamin Watuma Muema1,2,4, Neng Wei1,2,3, Peris Kamau4, Paul Muigai Kirika4, Qingfeng Wang1,2,3, Guangwan Hu1,2,3 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Bei- jing 100049, China 3 Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hu- bei, China 4 East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Corresponding author: Guangwan Hu ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Almeida | Received 5 November 2019 | Accepted 12 April 2020 | Published 3 June 2020 Citation: Kipkoech S, Melly DK, Muema BW, Wei N, Kamau P, Kirika PM, Wang Q, Hu G (2020) An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Aberdare Ranges Forest, a part of Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot. PhytoKeys 149: 1–88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.149.48042 Abstract The Aberdare Ranges Forest, located in the Central highlands of Kenya, is an isolated volcanic mountain in the East African Rift Valley with unique flora. Despite its refugial importance to rare and endemic plant species, the diversity of plants in the Aberdare Ranges Forest remains poorly understood.