The Etymology of Uriah the Hittite Based on the Comparison of Hieroglyphic Luwian and the Indo-European Languages
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STUDIA ORIENTALIA PUBLISHED BY THE FINNISH ORIENTAL SOCIETY 106 OF GOD(S), TREES, KINGS, AND SCHOLARS Neo-Assyrian and Related Studies in Honour of Simo Parpola Edited by Mikko Luukko, Saana Svärd and Raija Mattila HELSINKI 2009 OF GOD(S), TREES, KINGS AND SCHOLARS clay or on a writing board and the other probably in Aramaic onleather in andtheotherprobably clay oronawritingboard ME FRONTISPIECE 118882. Assyrian officialandtwoscribes;oneiswritingincuneiformo . n COURTESY TRUSTEES OF T H E BRITIS H MUSEUM STUDIA ORIENTALIA PUBLISHED BY THE FINNISH ORIENTAL SOCIETY Vol. 106 OF GOD(S), TREES, KINGS, AND SCHOLARS Neo-Assyrian and Related Studies in Honour of Simo Parpola Edited by Mikko Luukko, Saana Svärd and Raija Mattila Helsinki 2009 Of God(s), Trees, Kings, and Scholars: Neo-Assyrian and Related Studies in Honour of Simo Parpola Studia Orientalia, Vol. 106. 2009. Copyright © 2009 by the Finnish Oriental Society, Societas Orientalis Fennica, c/o Institute for Asian and African Studies P.O.Box 59 (Unioninkatu 38 B) FIN-00014 University of Helsinki F i n l a n d Editorial Board Lotta Aunio (African Studies) Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila (Arabic and Islamic Studies) Tapani Harviainen (Semitic Studies) Arvi Hurskainen (African Studies) Juha Janhunen (Altaic and East Asian Studies) Hannu Juusola (Semitic Studies) Klaus Karttunen (South Asian Studies) Kaj Öhrnberg (Librarian of the Society) Heikki Palva (Arabic Linguistics) Asko Parpola (South Asian Studies) Simo Parpola (Assyriology) Rein Raud (Japanese Studies) Saana Svärd (Secretary of the Society) -
Magic in the Biblical World,” Tyndale Bulletin 34 (1983): 169-200
Edwin M. Yamauchi, “Magic in the Biblical World,” Tyndale Bulletin 34 (1983): 169-200. Magic in the Biblical World Edwin M. Yamauchi The Institute for Biblical Research lecture, 1981 [p.169] I INTRODUCTION There can be no doubt that both the Old Testament and the New Testament were born in environments permeated with magical beliefs and practices.1 It should come as no surprise to find Moses contesting with magicians in Egypt, later identified as Jannes and Jambres (2 Tim. 3:6-8),2 as magic was a dominant factor in Egyptian [p.170] culture.3 For Egyptians to attain to an afterlife they had to provi6e themselves with magical incantations such, as the Pyramid Texts in the Old Kingdom, the Coffin Texts in the Middle Kingdom. and the Book of the dead in the New Kingdom.4 Magic was also a potent force in 5 other contemporary cultures, such as that of the Hittites. 1 Magic is distinct from but closely related to ‘divination’, the foretelling of the future by various signs. See my essay, ‘Divination in the Biblical World’, presented to the American Scientific Affiliation, August. 102. My own interest in the subject of magic has grown out of the research for my dissertation, published as Mandaic Incantation Texts [hereafter MIT] (New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1967). As I included an extensive bibliography on magic in this volume (pp. 372-395), 1 will for the most part refrain from repeating titles listed there. I am indebted to a fellowship from the Institute for Advanced Christian Studies for aid in continued research on ancient magic and divination. -
Oxford Handbooks Online
The Late Bronze Age in the West and the Aegean Oxford Handbooks Online The Late Bronze Age in the West and the Aegean Trevor Bryce The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000-323 BCE) Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman Print Publication Date: Sep 2011 Subject: Archaeology, Archaeology of the Near East Online Publication Date: Nov DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0015 2012 Abstract and Keywords This article presents data on western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age, wherein it was the homeland of a wide range of states and population groups. The most important and most powerful of these was a group of kingdoms that are attested in Hittite texts as the Arzawa Lands. Most scholars associate the development of these kingdoms with Luwian-speaking populations who had occupied large parts of Anatolia from (at least) the early second millennium BCE. The most enduring link between Anatolia's Late Bronze Age civilizations and their first- millennium-BCE successors is provided by the Lukka people, one of the Luwian-speaking population groups of southwestern Anatolia. They were almost certainly among the most important agents for the continuity and spread of Luwian culture in southern Anatolia throughout the first millennium BCE. Keywords: western Anatolia, Arzawa Lands, Lukka people, Luwian culture In this chapter, the phrase “western Anatolia” encompasses the regions extending along Anatolia’s western and southwestern coasts, from the Troad in the north to Lukka in the south, and inland to the regions stretching north and south of the (Classical) Hermus and Maeander Rivers. During the Late Bronze Age, these regions were occupied by an array of states and population groups known to us from numerous references to them in the tablet archives of the Hittite capital Ḫattuša. -
1. from Ur to Canaan
Copyrighted Material 1. FromUrtoCanaan A WANDERINg PEOPLE In the beginning there were wanderings. The first human -be ings, Adam and Eve, are banished from Gan Eden, from Paradise. The founder of monotheism, Abraham, follows God’s com- mand, “Lech lecha” (“Go forth”), and takes to wandering from his home, Ur in Mesopotamia, eventually reaching the land of Canaan, whence his great-grandson Joseph will, in turn, depart for Egypt. Many generations later Moses leads the Jews back to the homeland granted them, which henceforth will be given the name “Israel,” the second name of Abraham’s grandson Jacob. So at least we are told in the Hebrew Bible, certainly the most successful and undoubtedly the most influential book in world literature. Its success story is all the more astonishing when one considers that this document was not composed by one of the powerful nations of antiquity, such as the Egyptians or Assyr- ians, the Persians or Babylonians, the Greeks or Romans, but by a tiny nation that at various times in the course of its history was dominated by all of the above-mentioned peoples. And yet it was precisely this legacy of the Jews that, with the spread of Christianity and Islam, became the foundation for the literary and religious inheritance of the greater part of humanity. By Copyrighted Material 2 C H A P T E R 1 this means, too, the legendary origins of the Jews told in the Bible attained worldwide renown. The Hebrew Bible, which would later be called the Old Testament in Christian parlance, contains legislative precepts, wisdom literature, moral homilies, love songs, and mystical vi- sions, but it also has books meant to instruct us about historical events. -
PDF Document
7 Cs of a Firm Foundation Message Notes Lesson 16 “Confusion” – The Great Dispersion "Now the whole earth used the same language and the same words. And it came about as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there." (Genesis 11:1-2) Leaving the Ark Where they settled—The most ancient people leaving written, historical records were inhabitants of that valley (the Sumerians), followed by the Nile Valley of Egypt and other near-Eastern areas. What they did—Within 100 years, built cities, making brick for stone and using tar for mortar. Built a tower that probably acted as an artificial mountain with a miniature temple at the top of the Tower. Who they were—Intelligent, yet foolish, men! Their forefathers built cities, herded livestock, played musical instruments, made tools of bronze and iron (Gen. 4:17-22) and built the unsinkable Ark! The builders’ sin was immense pride which led to open rebellion against God, declaring independence of Him. A common language enabled the rebellion. Did It Really Happen? Expected evidence through archaeology, written records, and language studies that all people have migrated from that area and similarities of cultures in civilizations spread thousands of miles apart, including histories that contained traces of the Creation, Fall, and Flood. All people have migrated from Shinar Ice Age land bridges connected England to mainland Europe, Asia to North America, and the Malaysian Straits to New Guinea and perhaps Australia. Travel on foot, by wagon and by boat. Most civilizations appeared about the same time, only a few thousand years ago. -
A Penis Bone in Genesis 2:21? Retrodiagnosis As a Methodological Problem in Scriptural Studies
A Penis Bone in Genesis 2:21? Retrodiagnosis as a Methodological Problem in Scriptural Studies Hector Avalos Professor of Religious Studies, Iowa State University Ziony Zevit is the Distinguished Professor in Bible and Northwest Semitic Languages in the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies at the American Jewish University. He has done widely respected work on the religion of ancient Israel (see Zevit 2001; 2013). However, Zevit makes a claim that is difficult to accept or understand linguistically, exegetically, and medically. In so doing, he is engaging in “retrodiagnosis,” the practice of providing modern medical categories and descriptions for conditions unknown or of no interest to ancient writers (Arrizabalaga; Muramoto). Critiques of retrodiagnostic approaches are now numerous in scriptural studies, and these include those of Hector Avalos, Joel S. Baden, and Candida R. Moss. Typically, such approaches seek to diagnose a condition mentioned in the Bible in precise modern medical terms. Debra A. Chase attributed one condition mentioned in the Mesopotamian creation epic known as Atra-Δas•s to Kwashiorkor-Marasmus, which is associated with starvation. Malcolm Gladwell (13-14), a popular writer who is not a biblical scholar, believes that Goliath suffered from “acromegaly—a disease caused by a benign tumor of the pituitary gland.” For Gladwell, this condition explains why Goliath has poor vision and so asks David to come to him in 1 Samuel 17:44. S. Levin attributes Isaac’s blindness in Genesis 27:1 to diabetes. In the case of Nebuchadnezzar, Henze (92-93) discusses the long tradition in scholarly biblical commentaries of diagnosing Nebuchadnezzar with a medical condition known as “zooanthropy” in Daniel 4 (see also Avalos). -
2008: 137-8, Pl. 32), Who Assigned Gateway XII to the First Building
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 29 November 2019 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Osborne, J. and Harrison, T. and Batiuk, S. and Welton, L. and Dessel, J.P. and Denel, E. and Demirci, O.¤ (2019) 'Urban built environments of the early 1st millennium BCE : results of the Tayinat Archaeological Project, 2004-2012.', Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research., 382 . pp. 261-312. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1086/705728 Publisher's copyright statement: c 2019 by the American Schools of Oriental Research. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Manuscript Click here to access/download;Manuscript;BASOR_Master_revised.docx URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENTS OF THE EARLY FIRST MILLENNIUM BCE: RESULTS OF THE TAYINAT ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, 2004-2012 ABSTRACT The archaeological site of Tell Tayinat in the province of Hatay in southern Turkey was the principal regional center in the Amuq Plain and North Orontes Valley during the Early Bronze and Iron Ages. -
ON LUWIANS and HITTITES*) Itamar SINGER
8367_BIOR_05_5-6_01 30-01-2006 09:10 Pagina 412 429 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXII N° 5-6, september-december 2005 430 ON LUWIANS AND HITTITES*) Itamar SINGER (Tel Aviv) “History is written by the victors” is well demonstrated in ancient Anatolia. Most authorities would agree that Luwian was spoken by at least as many people as Hittite, yet books on the Hittites can easily fill up a library, whereas the reviewed monograph is the first to be entirely dedicated to the Luwians (except for dictionaries). Two ponderous cir- cumstances have teamed together to create this dispropor- tional picture, one inherent, the other accidental. For much of their common history the Hittites dominated the Luwian- speaking areas of Anatolia and, as a great power, they left behind extensive archives fitting their stature. The effects of this political disparity are further intensified by the fortu- itousness of discovery. Not a single tablet was found as yet in the vast territories in which Luwian was spoken (as the main language). To be sure, there must be cuneiform tablets buried in the major sites of western Anatolia, since letters sent from there have been found in Hattusa.1) Ironically, even the first Anatolian tablet to be published in the late 19th cen- tury was sent from the Land of Arzawa in the heart of Luwian-speaking Anatolia. But then, this letter, which was discovered in 1887 at Tell el-Amarna in Egypt, was written *)MELCHERT, H. C. (ed.) The Luwians. HdO 1-68. E.J. Brill Publish- ers, Leiden, 2003. (24 cm, XX, 383). ISBN 90 04 13009 8; ISSN 0169- 9423. -
Lesson 31 Genesis 23-24 a Covenant Marriage Story of Isaac And
Lesson 31 Review- Doctrinal Mastery we will serve the Lord Choose you this day whom ye will serve but as for me and my house Push enter to unscramble Sarah Is Buried Sarah died in Kirjath-arba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. Heth (Bible) Heth is, the second son of Canaan, who is son of Ham, son of Noah. Heth is the ancestor of the Hittites, second of the twelve Canaanite nations descended from his sons, who lived near Hebron (Genesis 10:15) Abraham purchased land from Ephron, the Hittite, as a burial place for his wife Sarah; subsequently Abraham, Isaac, Rebecca, Jacob and Leah were also buried there. She was buried in the field of Machpelah before Mamre Today, Hebron is regarded as one of the four Genesis 23:17-20 Jewish holy cities, second to Jerusalem Genesis 23:1-20 A Wife For Isaac Abraham sent a servant to his former homeland to find a wife for Isaac from among Abraham’s kindred, who were covenant people. The land of Canaan to Mesopotamia where his relatives lived was a distance of approximately 1,200 miles (1,931 kilometers) round-trip. Genesis 24:1-6 Why did Abraham want Isaac’s wife to be from his homeland? A Covenant Marriage “A couple in love can choose a marriage of the highest quality or a lesser type that will not endure. Or they can choose neither. … “The best choice is a celestial marriage” (1) Why is celestial marriage in the temple—or eternal marriage—the best kind of marriage? In eternal marriages, righteous couples are sealed forever by the power of the priesthood and the family unit continues eternally. -
OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY Lesson 26 – Part 1 David – the Bathsheba Affair
OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY Lesson 26 – Part 1 David – The Bathsheba Affair On July 21, 1683, the University of Oxford issued a Judgment and Decree…against certain pernicious Books, and damnable Doctrines, destructive to the sacred Persons of Princes, their State and Government, and of all human Society. This publication was the basis for the last government-sanctioned book burning in England (also occurring in Oxford). Among those books burned was Lex, Rex, written by the Scottish Presbyterian Samuel Rutherford. The book was cited by Oxford for the dangerous doctrine that “if lawful governors become tyrants, or govern otherwise than by the laws of God and man…they forfeit the right they had unto government.”1 Rutherford’s book was alarming to the realm because even its title was against the King’s interest. Lex is Latin for “law,” and Rex is Latin for “king.” The title Lex Rex puts the law as over the king rather than the king over the law. Within the book, in response to the question “whether the king be above the law,” Rutherford wrote, “The law hath a supremacy of constitution above the king.”2 In part of his argument, Rutherford reached back to the Biblical account of King Saul noting, God, in making Saul a king, doth not by any royal stamp give him a power to sin, or to play the tyrant.3 Rutherford is right for Saul, and also for his successor, King David. As we consider David in this lesson, we see that he found a time where he violated in rapid succession three of the Ten Commandments, but not without dire consequence to him and to his family. -
Assyrian Period (Ca. 1000•fi609 Bce)
CHAPTER 8 The Neo‐Assyrian Period (ca. 1000–609 BCE) Eckart Frahm Introduction This chapter provides a historical sketch of the Neo‐Assyrian period, the era that saw the slow rise of the Assyrian empire as well as its much faster eventual fall.1 When the curtain lifts, at the close of the “Dark Age” that lasted until the middle of the tenth century BCE, the Assyrian state still finds itself in the grip of the massive crisis in the course of which it suffered significant territorial losses. Step by step, however, a number of assertive and ruthless Assyrian kings of the late tenth and ninth centuries manage to reconquer the lost lands and reestablish Assyrian power, especially in the Khabur region. From the late ninth to the mid‐eighth century, Assyria experiences an era of internal fragmentation, with Assyrian kings and high officials, the so‐called “magnates,” competing for power. The accession of Tiglath‐pileser III in 745 BCE marks the end of this period and the beginning of Assyria’s imperial phase. The magnates lose much of their influence, and, during the empire’s heyday, Assyrian monarchs conquer and rule a territory of unprecedented size, including Babylonia, the Levant, and Egypt. The downfall comes within a few years: between 615 and 609 BCE, the allied forces of the Babylonians and Medes defeat and destroy all the major Assyrian cities, bringing Assyria’s political power, and the “Neo‐Assyrian period,” to an end. What follows is a long and shadowy coda to Assyrian history. There is no longer an Assyrian state, but in the ancient Assyrian heartland, especially in the city of Ashur, some of Assyria’s cultural and religious traditions survive for another 800 years. -
Hieroglyphic Luwian. an Introduction with Original Texts
Annick Payne Hieroglyphic Luwian An Introduction with Original Texts 2nd Revised Edition 2010 Harrassowitz Verlag . Wiesbaden ISSN 1867-8165 ISBN 978-3-447-06109-4 Contents Contents................................................................................................................v Preface.................................................................................................................ix Abbreviations.......................................................................................................xi 1 Introduction................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Language and Inscriptions ........................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Luwian ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Hieroglyphic Inscriptions.......................................................................... 2 1.2 The Script................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Writing Materials and Appearance ........................................................... 5 1.2.2 The Signs ................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2.1 Logograms ............................................................................................. 6 1.2.2.2 Determinatives ....................................................................................... 6 1.2.2.3 Syllabograms.........................................................................................