Religions 2012, 3, 191–209; doi:10.3390/rel3020191 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article Abraham Lincoln: God’s “Instrument” W. George Scarlett Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; E-Mail:
[email protected] Received: 22 March 2012; in revised form: 1 April 2012 / Accepted: 6 April 2012 / Published: 11 April 2012 Abstract: This paper examines one example of a spiritual hero, Abraham Lincoln, to reflect on issues about spiritual development, to connect spiritual development to character, and to indicate in what ways moral and religious development define and promote spiritual development. It uses Lincoln to show why spiritual maturity takes so long to develop and to show how spiritual development grows out of, rather than in parallel to, the many developments in our public and private lives. Finally, it shows the significance of being spiritual and why we should support spiritual development. Keywords: character; virtue; moral development; democracy; slavery; faith 1. Lincoln as A Spiritual Hero Saying Lincoln is a spiritual hero is no exaggeration or mere inference. It is a fact—not just to a small and homogeneous group of Lincoln disciples but to a large and diverse group with varying knowledge of Lincoln. Leo Tolstoy referred to Lincoln as a ―Christ in miniature‖. The liberal theologian Reinhold Niebuhr spoke of Lincoln as a near perfect model for what it means to take a religious perspective on moral issues ([1], p. 172). The evangelist Billy Graham and his wife Ruth said Lincoln was one of those rare spiritual giants ‖..