Climate Change and Disaster-Resilient Water Resources Sector Project (TA 51081-002 KGZ)
Initial Environmental Examination
Project Number: TA 51081-002 KGZ November 2020
Climate Change and Disaster-Resilient Water Resources Sector Project – Pravaya-Vetka Subproject
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION
Final version – 03/12/20
Prepared by the State Agency for Water Resources under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... 1 Appendices ...... 3 List of Figures ...... 4 List of Tables ...... 6 Abbreviations ...... 8 Weights and Measures ...... 9 Currency Equivalents...... 9 Notes ...... 9 Executive Summary ...... 10 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 13 I.1. Overview ...... 13 I.2. Identification of the Project and Project Proponents ...... 13 I.3. Purpose of the Report ...... 13 I.4. Procedure of the Subproject Selection ...... 14 I.4.1. Subproject Screening Criteria ...... 14 I.4.2. Irrigated Agriculture Subproject Ranking Criteria ...... 14 I.4.3. Conclusion Regarding Environment in the Selection Process ...... 15 I.5. Boundaries of the IEE ...... 15 I.6. Scope of the IEE ...... 20 I.6.1. Methodology ...... 20 I.6.2. IEE Information Sources and Limitations ...... 20 I.7. Structure of the Report ...... 20 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 21 II.1. National and Local Legal and Institutional Framework ...... 21 II.1.1. Environmental Protection Law and Policy ...... 21 II.1.2. Project Status Regarding Environmental Regulations ...... 25 II.1.3. Other Legislation and Standards ...... 25 II.1.4. Institutional Framework ...... 28 II.2. International Agreements Relevant to the Project ...... 29 II.3. ADB Requirements ...... 30 II.3.1. Policies ...... 30 II.3.2. Guidance ...... 30 II.3.3. Environmental Screening & Categories ...... 30 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 32 III.1. Overall Framework ...... 32 III.2. The Pravaya-Vetka Subproject ...... 33 III.2.1. Setting ...... 33 III.2.2. Present Status of the Pravaya-Vetka Irrigation System ...... 33 III.2.3. Project Components ...... 36 III.2.4. Organization of the Construction Works ...... 51 III.2.5. Planning ...... 53 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA) ...... 54 IV.1. Physical environment ...... 54 IV.1.1. Current Climatic Conditions ...... 54 IV.1.2. Climate Changes ...... 55 IV.1.3. Air Quality ...... 58 IV.1.4. Topography, Geology and Soils ...... 58 IV.1.5. Surface Water ...... 59 IV.1.6. Groundwater...... 61 IV.2. Biological environment ...... 61 IV.2.1. The Aquatic Environment ...... 61 IV.2.2. The Terrestrial Environment ...... 66 IV.2.3. Protected Areas ...... 71 IV.2.4. Conclusion ...... 72 IV.3. Human environment ...... 73 IV.3.1. Administrative Context ...... 73 IV.3.2. Population ...... 73
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 1
IV.3.3. Land Management and Activities ...... 75 IV.3.4. Infrastructure and Public Facilities ...... 76 IV.3.5. Historical, Archaeological, Paleontological or Architectural Monuments ...... 76 IV.4. Focus on the project components ...... 76 IV.4.1. Component 1- mudflow crossing structure No°1 ...... 76 IV.4.2. Component 2- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1...... 78 IV.4.3. Component 3- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2 ...... 79 IV.4.4. Component 4-discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 ...... 80 IV.4.5. Component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal...... 81 IV.4.6. Component 6- mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00 ...... 83 IV.4.7. Component 7- the discharge outlet at HM 161+00 ...... 85 IV.4.8. Component 8- the bridge at HM 171+06...... 86 IV.4.9. Component 9- reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI) ...... 87 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 89 V.1. Introduction ...... 89 V.2. Component 1- mudflow crossing structure No°1 ...... 90 V.3. Component 2- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1 ...... 99 V.4. Component 3- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2 ...... 105 V.5. Component 4-discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 ...... 112 V.6. Component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal...... 117 V.7. Component 6- mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00 ...... 125 V.8. Component 7- the discharge outlet at HM 161+00 ...... 132 V.9. Component 8- the bridge at HM 171+06...... 138 V.10. Component 9- reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI) ...... 144 V.11. Other works ...... 150 V.12. Water Resource Management ...... 150 V.13. Cumulative Impacts ...... 154 VI. ALTERNATIVES TO THE SELECTED SUBPROJECT ...... 155 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 156 VII.1. Process Undertaken During the Project Preparation for Engaging Stakeholders ...... 156 VII.2. Summary of the Comments and Concerns Received from Affected People and other Stakeholders ...... 157 VII.3. Information Disclosure Measures ...... 158 VII.4. Summary of the Public Participation Activities Realized During the Design Phase ...... 159 VII.5. Planned Information Disclosure Measures ...... 160 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) ...... 161 VIII.1. Objectives ...... 161 VIII.2. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ...... 161 VIII.2.1. Grievance Redress Groups ...... 161 VIII.2.2. Local Focal Point ...... 162 VIII.2.3. Construction Contractors ...... 162 VIII.2.4. Grievance Resolution Process ...... 162 VIII.2.5. Additional Mechanisms ...... 164 VIII.3. Complaint Documentation ...... 164 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...... 165 IX.1. Purpose and Content of the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ...... 165 IX.2. Environmental Management Plan ...... 165 IX.3. Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 201 IX.4. Site-Specific Environmental Management Plans (SEMP) ...... 201 IX.5. EMMP Cost ...... 207 IX.6. Reporting requirements of the Contractor ...... 208 X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 209 XI. MAIN BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ...... 210
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 2
Appendices
Appendix 1 – Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist of the Pravaya-Vetka Subproject Appendix 2 – Illustrations of the main animal and vegetal species characteristics of the Project site Appendix 3 - List of People Met During the Field Visit Appendix 4 – Minutes of the Public Hearing Appendix 5 – List of Participants of the Public Hearing Appendix 6 – Approval of State Agency for Environment Protection
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 3
List of Figures
Figure 1 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 1 ...... 16 Figure 2 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 2 ...... 17 Figure 3 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 3 ...... 18 Figure 4 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 4 ...... 18 Figure 5 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 5 ...... 19 Figure 6 Illustration of Indirect Impact Zone ...... 19 Figure 7: Central Office of the State Agency of Environmental Protection and Forestry ...... 28 Figure 8: Location of the Nooken district ...... 33 Figure 9: Irrigation system of the Pravaya-Vetka canal and location of the subproject components .. 34 Figure 10: The PV canal major issues ...... 35 Figure 11: Problem Tree for the Irrigated Agriculture Subsector ...... 35 Figure 12: Location of the main project components ...... 37 Figure 13: Site of the future mudflow crossing structure no-1 over the Pravaya-Vetka canal on km 15+25 – Aerial view ...... 38 Figure 14: Views from mudflow crossing no 1 on Pravaya-Vetka canal on km 15+25 ...... 39 Figure 15: The Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 117+00 to HM 131+03 ...... 39 Figure 16: Rehabilitation of the Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 117+00 to HM 131+03 (starting location) ...... 40 Figure 17: The Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 152+62 to 182+97 ...... 41 Figure 18: Plan view of the future Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 152+62 to 182+97 ...... 42 Figure 19: The Discharge Outlet at Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 ...... 43 Figure 20: The Plan view of discharge outlet at Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 ...... 43 Figure 21: The mudflow crossing structure over the Masy secondary canal – View from the ground . 44 Figure 22: Horizontal alignment of the future mudflow crossing structure over the Masy secondary canal ...... 45 Figure 23: The mudflow crossing structure over the Pravaya-Vetka canal at HM 160+00 ...... 46 Figure 24: The plan view of mudflow crossing structure over the Pravaya-Vetka canal at HM 160+00 ...... 47 Figure 25: The outlet plan view at HM 161+00 over the Pravaya-Vetka canal ...... 48 - Figure 26: Plan and section view of bridge at HM 171+06 over the Pravaya-Vetka canal ... 49 Figure 27: A Typical section of hydraulic posts along the Pravaya Vetka Canal ...... 51 Figure 28: Wind rose in Jalal-Abad ...... 55 Figure 29: Trends in average annual temperature in Jalalabad ...... 56 Figure 30: Kyrgyzstan topographic map ...... 58 Figure 31: This gully in the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation area shows loams and gravel-pebble deposits . 59 Figure 32: Hydrographs of the river Shaidan, in the village of Shaidan ...... 60 Figure 33: Sub basin illustration of Project Location ...... 64 Figure 34: The Shaidan River ...... 66 Figure 35. Schematic map of the spread of rare species within the project area ...... 70 Figure 36: Map of the protected areas in Kyrgyzstan ...... 72 Figure 37: Displaying project location and buffers: 1 km, 10 km, 50 km ...... 72 Figure 38: Map of the Jalal-Abad Oblast ...... 73 Figure 39: Distribution of the population of the Fergana Valley (Denisov, 2005) ...... 74 Figure 40: Farmers in the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system ...... 75 Figure 41: Present Pravaya Vetka cropping pattern ...... 76 Figure 42: Aerial view of the component-1 mudflow crossing structure no°1 site ...... 77 Figure 43: View from component-1 mudflow crossing structure no°1 site ...... 78 Figure 44: Aerial view of component 2 Pravaya-Vetka Canal Section-1 site ...... 78 Figure 45: View from component-2 Pravaya-Vetka Canal Section-1 site ...... 79 Figure 46: Aerial view of the Pravaya-Vetka Canal Section-2 site ...... 79 Figure 47: View from component-2 Pravaya-Vetka Canal Section-2 site ...... 80 Figure 48: Aerial View from component-4 Outlet toe Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 ...... 80 Figure 49: View from component-4 Outlet toe Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 ...... 81 Figure 50: Aerial view of the component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 site ...... 82 Figure 51: Downstream view from the component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 on the building located alongside the river right bank and M41 bridge ...... 82 Figure 52: Upstream view from the component 5- mudflow crossing No.2...... 83 Figure 53: Aerial view of the component 6- mudflow crossing structure no°3 site ...... 84
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 4
Figure 54: The Shaidan River banks the component 6- mudflow crossing structure no°3 site ...... 84 Figure 55: View on the canal and its vegetation in springtime ...... 85 Figure 56: Aerial View from component-7 Outlet at HM 161+00...... 86 Figure 57: View from component-7 Outlet at HM 161+00 ...... 86 Figure 58: Aerial View from component-8- the bridge at HM 171+06 ...... 87 Figure 59: Map of hydraulic posts to be modernized ...... 88 Figure 60: A representative view of hydraulic post along canal ...... 87 Figure 61: The subproject will contribute to the protection of nearby assets ...... 90 Figure 62: Some of the meetings held during the site visit ...... 156 Figure 63 Grievance Redress Procedure ...... 163 Figure 64: Common fish species ...... 213 Figure 65: Common plant species along the Pravaya-Vetka canal ...... 214 Figure 66: Animals of economic importance (hunting game birds) ...... 216
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 5
List of Tables
Table 1: Agreed ranking scores and indicator ranges ...... 14 Table 2: Indicative subproject scoring and ranking ...... 14 Table 3 Component Based Direct Environmental Impact Areas ...... 16 Table 4: Major legislation on environmental protection ...... 21 Table 5: Ambient Air Quality Standards (in mg/m3except as noted) ...... 26 Table 6: Norms for exhaust gases emissions of motor vehicles ...... 26 Table 7: Surface water quality standards for the most usual parameters ...... 26 Table 8: Irrigation water quality standards...... 27 Table 9: Acceptable noise levels ...... 27 Table 10 List of hydraulic posts to be modernized ...... 50 Table 11 Calculation of construction duration ...... 52 Table 12 Overall scope of work ...... 52 Table 13: Implementation schedule of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject ...... 53 Table 14: Pravaya-Vetka area climate conditions and projected climate changes ...... 57 Table 15: Threatened species (CR+EN+VU) in subbasins and downstream basins of project location ...... 64 Table 16: Migratory species in subbasins and downstream basins of project location ...... 65 Table 17. Vegetation of the project area ...... 67 Table 18: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ...... 71 Table 19: Restricted Range Species ...... 71 Table 20: Data on the state nature reserves of the Kyrgyz Republic in Jalal-Abad oblast ...... 71 Table 21: Baseline information on the beneficiaries of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject ...... 74 Table 22: Impact Screening Criteris ...... 89 Table 23: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 1- mudflow crossing structure No°1 ...... 91 Table 24: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 2- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1 ...... 100 Table 25: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 3- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2 ...... 106 Table 26: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 4-discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 ...... 113 Table 27: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 ...... 118 Table 28: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 6- mudflow crossing No.3 ...... 126 Table 29: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 7- the discharge outlet at HM 161+00 ...... 133 Table 30: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 8- the bridge at HM 171+06 ...... 139 Table 31: Impacts and mitigation measures related to V.10. Component 9- reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts ...... 145 Table 32: Summary of project design and monitoring framework (DMF) ...... 150 Table 33: Summary of irrigated agricultural system strategic problems and proposed solutions ...... 151 Table 34: Social benefits of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject ...... 152 Table 35 Grievance Redress Procedure ...... 164 Table 36: Environmental management plan related to component 1- mudflow crossing structure No°1 ...... 166 Table 37: Environmental management plan related to component 2- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1 ...... 172 Table 38: Environmental management plan related to component 3- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2 ...... 176 Table 39: Environmental management plan related to component 4-discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 ...... 180 Table 40: Environmental management plan related to component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal ...... 183 Table 41: Environmental management plan component 6- mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00 ...... 188 Table 42: Environmental management plan component 7- the discharge outlet at HM 161+00 ...... 192 Table 43: Environmental management plan component 8- the bridge at HM 171+06...... 195 Table 44: Environmental management plan component 9- reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI) ...... 198
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 6
Table 45: Common monitoring requirements for all components of the subproject (construction period) ...... 202 Table 46: Specific monitoring requirements for component 1- Mudflow Crossing Structure no°1 (construction period) ...... 204 Table 47: Specific monitoring requirements for component 5- Mudflow Crossing Structure no°2 (construction period) ...... 205 Table 48: Specific monitoring requirements for component 6- Mudflow Crossing Structure no°3 (construction period) ...... 205 Table 49: Cost of the mitigation measures ...... 208
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 7
Abbreviations
ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund AESI – Assessment of environmental and social impact А.O. – Ayil Okmotu (rural council) AP – Affected People CBO – Community-based organization CD – Capacity or community development (depending on context) CDT – Community Development Teams CWRD – Central and West Asia Department DEE – Department of Ecological Expertise (under the SAEPF) DRR – Disaster Risk Reduction DS _ Downstream Department of Water Resources and Melioration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food DWR – Industry, and Melioration EA – Environmental Assessment EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA – Environmental impact assessment EIS – Environmental Impact Statement EMP – Environmental Management Plan EMMP – Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan FGD – Focus Group Discussion GKR – Government of the Kyrgyz Republic GOST – Commonwealth of Independent States Standards GRG – Grievance Redress Group GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IBAT _ Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature KR – Kyrgyz Republic LARP – Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan LFP – Local Focal Point LRP – Livelihood Recovery Plan M&E – Monitoring and evaluation MNR – Ministry of Natural Resources MOA – Ministry of Agriculture, Food Industry, and Melioration MOES – Ministry of Emergency Services NGO – Non-governmental organizations NPV – Net present value NVP – Net value of agricultural production OCR – Ordinary Capital Resources OVOS – Russian acronym for “Assessment of Environmental Impacts” PER – Public Environmental Review PIC _ Project Implementation Consultant PIO – Project Implementation Office PIU – Project Implementation Unit PMO – Project Management Office POW – Productivity of water PPTA – Project Preparation Technical Assistance
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 8
PSA – Poverty and Social Assessment PV – Pravaya-Vetka RAS – Rural Advisory Services RCP – Representative Concentration Pathway RGKR – Resolution of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic RP – Resettlement Policy SAEPF – State Agency for Environment Protection and Forestry SAWR – State Agency of Water Resources SEMP – Site-Specific Environmental Management Plan SER – State Environmental Review SIEE – Summary Initial Environmental Examination SPRSS – Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement SSEI – Secondary Specialized Educational Institution TOR – Terms of Reference UNECE – United Nations Economic Commission for Europe USAID – United States Agency for International Development VU – Vulnerable WUA – Water User Association WUG – Water User Group
Weights and Measures
kg – Kilogram mm – Millimeter m, m2, m3 – Meter, square meters, cubic meters km, km2 – Kilometer, square kilometer ha – Hectare dB(A) – Noise measurements taken with an instrument set on the A weighting scale mg/l – Milligrams per liter
Currency Equivalents
Currency Unit – (as at 17 December 2020) $1.00 = 83.3500 Som (KGS)
Notes
(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 9
Executive Summary
1. Kyrgyz Republic is a country at high risk of impact from the adverse effects of climate change and extreme weather events. The population is vulnerable, as approximately 30% of the population lives below the national poverty line and over 65% live in rural areas dependent on agriculture income. Disasters triggered by natural hazards such as floods and earthquakes are frequent and estimated to cost Kyrgyz Republic approximately 1%–1.5% of the GDP annually. The water resources sector is particularly vulnerable: notable recent water-related disaster events include droughts in northern districts (2009 and 2014), landslides (2003 and 2004), and flooding (2007 and 2012) in southwest districts. 2. Climate change is likely to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events. Drought and associated water stress may occur more frequently as temperatures increase, precipitation, and snowmelt patterns change adversely, and water availability may decline in the face of growing competing demands. Landslides (including mudflows) and floods may become more frequent due to melting permafrost and more intense precipitation events. 3. Irrigation is critical for sustained agricultural production in Kyrgyz Republic. However, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyz Republic’s water resources infrastructure is decayed and inefficient and agricultural productivity is low, thereby offering insufficient protection and resilience to natural hazard events. In addition, the hydro-meteorological capacity for monitoring, analyzing, and forecasting weather events has suffered during the post-independence period due to lack of resources. The situation is likely to be further aggravated due to growing and competing water demand due to population and economic growth and increased demands among agriculture, domestic water supply, and industrial and energy sectors. 4. Consultations with government and civil society stakeholders have identified improvements to climate change and disaster resilience in the water resources sector as a priority area for climate change adaptation. In this context, ADB launched a transactional technical assistance to develop and prepare a proposed investment project to strengthen the resilience of the water resources sector to floods, landslides, and droughts in Kyrgyz Republic. The project was called “Climate Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction in Water Resources Management”. The present Pravaya-Vetka subproject is part of this project. 5. Within the Jalal-Abad Oblast, the Pravaya-Vetka Subproject is located in the Nooken District, in the densely populated foothills of the Fergana Valley. The inter-farm Pravaya-Vetka canal was put into operation in 1954. It is fed by the Kara-Unkur-Sai River. The total length of the canal is 20.1 km. Its design capacity is 22.0 m3/sec at the intake. The surface area of irrigated lands is 10,022 hectares. The irrigation system is serving about 167 farmers. The main crops are cotton, wheat and corn. 6. Due to years of operation and inadequate allocation of funds from the budget for maintenance and repair, hydraulic structures are unsatisfactory. The Channel is silted in places and its capacity has decreased to 15m3. Mudflow discharges into the canals from gullies or mountain brooks add to the maintenance costs and jeopardize the infrastructure. 7. The Pravaya-Vetka Irrigated Agriculture Subproject consists in the canal reconstruction on two sections with a total length of 5.5 km. Two mudflow-crossing structures will be replaced and another one constructed. 8. Lands allocated for the Pravaya Vetka irrigation system refers to lands of long-time or permanent allotment for agricultural purposes. Where vegetation and topsoil are being transformed, numerous facilities are being built; the lithogenic basis (compaction, soil withdrawal), terrain, hydrological regime undergo radical changes. These lands are territories for an undefined period of time taken out of the habitat/living environment. In this context, the fauna and flora in the irrigation system area is poor, and is represented mainly by species of the so-called "cultural landscape". The habitats of notable species of mammals and birds are located at a safe distance from settlements and agricultural lands. 9. In general, the construction/reconstruction and operation of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject components will not lead to changes in the species communities and will not affect the general state of the populations. Therefore, there is no threat to biodiversity as a whole. The level/degree of impact is rather low, the area is characterized by high human-induced pressures and density of population, and intensive agriculture. 10. Although the environmental survey of the canal has identified a number of potential impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the canal, the use of good construction practices and simple and affordable mitigation measures will ensure that these impacts are not significant and do not affect the feasibility of the proposed project. 11. The environmental consequences of the proposed subproject components will include:
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 10
▪ Moderate loss of vegetation cover; ▪ Moderate fragmentation of habitats (mudflow crossing structure n°1); ▪ Low risk of damage to species that need protection (e.g., Turkestan catfish); ▪ Low risk of biodiversity loss; ▪ Minor impact on landscape; ▪ Low level nuisances to the neighborhood during the construction period (dust, atmospheric pollution, noise, traffic disturbances, etc.); ▪ Low greenhouse gas emissions; ▪ Low risk of exposure to health and safety risks. 12. Positive environmental and social impacts will include: ▪ Increase the safety level of irrigation water supply; ▪ Increase employment of local people; ▪ Potential reduction in the cost of agricultural products, leading to an improved quality of life; ▪ Potential reduction in the cost of irrigation, leading to increased competitiveness of farmers and entrepreneurs in the agricultural industry. 13. The application of proven, internationally accepted environmentally sound design solutions, good management and construction practices during the project implementation are sufficient measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate and compensate almost all potentially significant adverse effects of the impact on the environment. 14. There are however two notable potential impacts requiring special attention: ▪ Two components of the subproject (mudflow crossing replacements) will impact a small watercourse, the Shaidan river. This river has no specific protection status, but it hosts a fish listed in the Kyrgyz Red Book of rare or endangered species, the Turkestan catfish. Even if this species is not endemic to the Shaidan river, everything must be done to make sure that this species and its habitat will be as less disturbed as possible during and after the construction works. Hence, during the works, pollution risks must be minimized and the river continuity has to be maintained through an instream flow. ▪ One component of the subproject (construction of a mudflow structure over the Pravaya-Vetka canal) will impact two farms. Though the loss of land is minimal (0.15 ha), adequate compensation has to be agreed upon with the two farmers and a bridge has to be built to avoid any severance effect. 15. Five project components have been defined during the feasibility stage of the project and possibility of construction of other structures such relocated and/or additional tertiary and quaternary canals, gated flow division boxes, measurement flumes or weirs, new head regulators, and possible main canal bank raising upstream of cross regulators are considered to be decided during the design phase. Five components proposed in the feasibility phase are: - Component No – 1 construction of the mudflow crossing structure no:1 - Component No – 2 replacement of the mudflow crossing structure no:2 - Component No – 3 replacement of the mudflow crossing structure no:3 - Component No – 4 rehabilitation of the Pravaya Vetka canal between 124+50 and 138+50 - Component No – 5 rehabilitation of the Pravaya Vetka canal between 158+50 and 191+10 16. During the design phase based on consultation and site investigations (14/March/2020 and 19/March/2020) all components defined during the feasibility stage are considered to be constructed. Besides that, 4 new components have been defined as other works. The canal chainage information is updated but canal starting and ending points did not change physically. The naming and list of the components are formed as: - Component No 1) Construction of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No. 1 at HM 15+25 of the Pravaya Vetka canal; - Component No 2) Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1; - Component No 3) Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97. Section No.2.; - Component No 4) Rehabilitation of the discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46; - Component No 5) Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal; - Component No 6) Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00; - Component No 7) Construction of a discharge outlet at HM 161+00; - Component No 8) Rehabilitation of a bridge at HM 171+06;
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 11
- Component No 9) Reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI)
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 12
I. INTRODUCTION
I.1. Overview
17. Kyrgyz Republic is a country at high risk of impact from the adverse effects of climate change and extreme weather events. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyz Republic’s water resources infrastructure is decayed and inefficient and agricultural productivity is low, thereby offering insufficient protection and resilience to natural hazard events. Consultations with government and civil society stakeholders have identified improvements to climate change and disaster resilience in the water resources sector as a priority area for climate change adaptation. Therefore, ADB launched a transactional technical assistance to develop and prepare a proposed investment project to strengthen the resilience of the water resources sector to floods, landslides, and droughts in Kyrgyz Republic. The project was called “Climate Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction in Water Resources Management”. The present Pravaya-Vetka subproject is part of this project.
I.2. Identification of the Project and Project Proponents
18. The proposed project will strengthen the resilience of the water resources sector to floods, landslides, and droughts. The project interventions will be both structural (including civil works and equipment) and non-structural (including capacity building, planning, and training) and is likely to comprise four outputs: (i) irrigation infrastructure modernized; (ii) agricultural and land management practices modernized; (iii) flood protection infrastructure modernized; and (iv) disaster risk and water resources data collection and analysis improved. The project outcome is expected to be climate change and disaster resilience of infrastructure and water security improved. 19. The Kyrgyz Republic will be the borrower and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Industry, and Melioration (MOA) will be the executing agency. There will be two implementing agencies: Department of Water Resources and Melioration of the MOA, responsible for the interventions related to irrigation systems and agriculture (project outputs 1 and 2); and Ministry of Emergency Situations responsible for interventions related to protective infrastructure, monitoring, and analysis (project outputs 3 and 4). 20. The Project will be financed through a concessional OCR loan and ADF DRR Funding (Grant). Its financing amount will be through the loan US$ 21.80 million and the grant US$ 16.80 million. 21. The Pravaya-Vetka subproject assessed by this IEE was selected from a candidate shortlist of 6 subprojects identified and prioritized by the MOA. Other subprojects have been identified during the project implementation process are (i) Kojo-Kayir Canal subproject; (ii) Saparbayeva Canal Subproject and (iii) Usman Canal Subproject. An Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) has been disclosed October 2018 to provide guidance on subproject selection, screening and categorization, information disclosure and consultation, assessment, planning, institutional arrangement, and processes to be followed in the formulation and implementation of subprojects during project implementation. 22. According to the Regulation on the Procedure for Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment in the Kyrgyz Republic (PPKR No. 60 dated February 13, 2015) OVOS study of the project has been completed and submitted to local State Agency for Environment Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) of Jalil Abad Oblast and approval has been received (Appendix VI).
I.3. Purpose of the Report
23. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Subproject of Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system. The subproject is classified ADB Environmental Category B during the preparation of Draft IEE and desired to have the same category after during the preparation of Final Version of IEE. Category B projects require environmental assessment in the form of an initial environmental examination. IEE findings are then used to determine if an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is needed. If it is not, the IEE becomes the final environmental assessment report. Other subprojects identified later in the Project will first be categorized; Category A will be excluded and for the Cat. B subprojects IEEs will be undertaken.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 13
I.4. Procedure of the Subproject Selection
24. The following shows how the selection procedures were performed.
I.4.1. Subproject Screening Criteria
25. Ineligible subprojects, to be excluded from further consideration, are those that: (i) Are not necessary to improve irrigated agriculture sub-systems. (ii) Are to be financed by GoKR or other donors; (iii) Are in transboundary irrigation systems; (iv) Are in pumped irrigation systems with total pumped lifts of more than 30m; (v) Require land acquisition for construction of new canals. These involve either: a. New irrigation systems or: b. Expansion of existing irrigation systems into new irrigable service areas; (vi) Are ADB category A subprojects.
I.4.2. Irrigated Agriculture Subproject Ranking Criteria
26. The eligible subprojects are ranked according to three criteria: (i) Available water supply (expressed in liter per second and per hectare). Subprojects should be selected in irrigation systems with enough water to supply their full-service area. That is, the available water supply should be adequate and the full-service area should be potentially irrigable; (ii) Potential Economic Viability (expressed in $ per hectare). It is a function of capital cost and present and potential irrigated cropping intensity and crop yields; (iii) Potential Poverty Reduction (expressed in %). It is a function of existing poverty incidence and incremental financial benefits received by poor. (iv) Table 1 shows how the eligible subprojects are ranked, 0 being the lowest score and 4 the highest score for the ranking criteria. Then, Table 2 shows the scores and ranks obtained for each eligible subproject during the feasibility stage. Table 1: Agreed ranking scores and indicator ranges Available Water Potential Economic Potential Poverty Score Supply Viability ($ ha-1) Reduction (%) (lps ha-1) 4 > 2.0 zero - 500 > 60 3 1.5 – 2.0 500 – 1,000 45 – 60 2 1.0 – 2.0 1,000 – 1,500 30 – 45 1 0.5 – 1.0 1,500 – 2,000 15 – 30 0 < 0.5 > 2,000 < 15 Table 2: Indicative subproject scoring and ranking
Subproject WS S EV S EB PI AV S S Rank
Jany-Jogorko 1.4 2 844 3 50 52 51 3 8 1
Uzgen 2.1 4 1,494 2 7 25 16 1 7 2
Pravaya-Vetka 1.8 3 1,182 2 10 32 21 1 6 3
Zernovoi Kok 1.4 2 1,988 1 18 40 29 1 4 4
Ylai-Talaa 0.6 1 1,429 2 4 30 17 1 4 5
Sapabayeva 2 0.7 1 1,027 2 3 20 12 0 3 6 Legend: AV = average of EB and PI, EB = economic benefit (%), EV = economic viability ($ ha-1), PI = Poverty incidence (%), S= score (out of 4) and WS = water supply (I sec-1 ha-1).
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 14
27. After the establishment of the PIU, analysis of the proposed by Executive Agency subprojects for compliance with ADB criteria has been carried out. At the stage of project preparation, the ADB consultants reviewed the proposed subprojects which are given at the feasibility study, and only one subproject was selected from these which is located in Jalal-Abad oblast -canal Pravaya Vetka in Nooken rayon. The PIU, PIC considered the opinion of the Executive agency, based on the criteria identified in the PAM, preliminarily selected three more subprojects: 1. Canal Saparbaev 1 and 2 in Nookat rayon, Osh oblast; 2. Canal Kojo-Kaiyr in Kadamjai rayon, Batken oblast; 3. Canal Osmon in Chui rayon, Chui oblast. 28. The canal Saparbaev was selected from this list due to the following criteria: 1. Canal Saparbaev complies with all selection criteria required by ADB. 2. Canal Saparbaev from the proposed by State Agency of Water Resources (SAWR) schemes (sites) is the most vulnerable to climate change and disasters, as the canal passes along the mountain slope and has on its route numerous mudflow check structures and mudflow storage reservoirs being in unsatisfactory condition. 29. The Kojo-Kaiyr canal was selected from list due to the following criteria: 1. Taking into consideration the fact that at the inception stage specialists of the consulting company hired by ADB for project rejected canal Kulunda, so in Batken oblast only Kojo- Kaiyr canal remained in the list proposed by SAWR (previously DWR). The Kojo-Kaiyr canal complies with all selection criteria indicated in the PAM. 2. The Kojo-Kaiyr canal is vulnerable to climate change and disasters, because the canal passes along the mountain slope and has on its route numerous mudflow check structures and exposed to filtration. 30. From this list canal Osmon was selected due to following criteria: 1. Оsmon canal complies with all selection criteria required by ADB. The Оsmon canal is the most vulnerable to climate change and disasters as the canal meets two river sections and doesn’t have mudflow crossing structures, in connection with that canal doesn’t have possibility to provide water users in full volume with irrigation water in vegetation period.
I.4.3. Conclusion Regarding Environment in the Selection Process
31. Environment was one of the four subproject screening criteria, as Category A subprojects were not eligible. In other words, were excluded of the list of possible subprojects all projects “likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented”. 32. Concerning environmental and social safeguards these sites tentatively correspond to B category. According to the Aide Memoire of ADB as of 7 February, 2020 at this stage the data and feasibility study on three additional subprojects are required to submit request to proceed to the detailed design for Pravaya Vetka and three additional subprojects. In compliance with this Aide Memoire the economic analysis maybe be approximate based on expert judgment of available information. 33. The proposed subprojects for approval are located in similar natural, relief, climatic, soil, agricultural conditions as subproject Pravaya Vetka. The yield and price indicators of agricultural crops are also similar. Taking this into account we can make preliminary conclusion that economic internal norm of profit will be almost same as in subproject Pravaya Vetka (more than 9%)
I.5. Boundaries of the IEE
34. The boundaries of the IEE study have the direct and indirect zones. The direct impact zone includes investigation of any important ecosystem components (fauna and flora) and physico-chemical features as well as existing human activities. The indirect impact zone includes areas or activities relatively far away from the project site, but do have an indirect influence on the proposed project or vice versa. 35. The direct impact zones of the Pravaya Vetka Subproject are delineated with the construction site and adjacent areas for assessment and management of construction impacts on the base of project components. The project components and their direct impact zone number are given at the Table 3. The component’s direct impact zones have been merged if they are close to each other or their type
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 15
of construction. Table 3 Component Based Direct Environmental Impact Areas Component Direct Impact Component Name and Explanation No Zone Number Construction of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing 1 1 No. 1 at HM 15+25 of the Pravaya Vetka canal Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 2 2 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1 Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 3 3 152+62 to 182+97. Section No.2 Rehabilitation of the discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal 4 3 at HM 146+46 Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow 5 crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy 4 canal Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow 6 crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya 3 Vetka canal at HM 160+00 7 Construction of a discharge outlet at HM 161+00 3 8 Rehabilitation of a bridge at HM 171+06 3 Reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the 9 5 installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI)
36. The direct impact zone of the Component No:1 which is shortly named Mudflow Crossing 1 has a separate direct impact zone has been delineated by a buffer (Direct Impact Zone No:1) of approximately 250 m from the real construction site. (See Figure 1). The direct impact area partly has an intersection at the southeast with the Kara Unkur Say River. Figure 1 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 1
Construction Area
Direct Impact Zone
Source: Esri, 2020
37. Component No:2 which is shortly named Reno-mattress Section Rehabilitation covers the complete rehabilitation of the destroyed facing of the Pravaya Vetka canal with Reno mattress on site No.1 from HM 117 + 00 to HM 131 + 03. The direct impact zone of this area has been delineated by a buffer (Direct Impact Zone No:2) of approximately 50 m from the real construction site. (See Figure 2).
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 16
Figure 2 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 2
Construction Area Direct Impact Zone
Source: Esri, 2020
38. The direct impact zone Number 3 is actually a merged direct impact zone of the construction activity Component Number of 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8. These construction activities are (i) Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97. Section No.2; (ii) Rehabilitation of the discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46; (iii) Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00; (iv) Construction of a discharge outlet at HM 161+00; and (v) Rehabilitation of a bridge at HM 171+06. The canal rehabilitation site has been delineated with 50 m of buffer zone and other objects have been delineated 250 m buffer zone. Then these buffer zones have been merged and formed the Direct Impact Zone Number 3. (See Figure 4). The Mudflow crossing No.3 has an intersection with the Shaidan Say river in the direct impact zone.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 17
Figure 3 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 3
Construction Area
Direct Impact Zone
Source: Esri, 2020
39. The direct impact zone of the Component No:4 which is shortly named Mudflow Crossing 2 has a separate direct impact zone has been delineated by a buffer (Direct Impact Zone No:4) of approximately 250 m from the real construction site. (See Figure 4). The Mudflow crossing No.2 has an intersection with the Shaidan Say river in the direct impact zone. Figure 4 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 4
Construction Area
Direct Impact Zone
Source: Esri, 2020
40. The direct impact zone of the Component No:9 which is Reconstruction and modernization of 18 hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI) have a separate direct impact zone for each separate construction activity area. The list of hydraulic post to be modernized is given in Section III.2.3 at Table 10. This has been delineated by a buffer (Direct Impact Zone No:5) of approximately 50 m from the real construction site. (See Figure 5).
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 18
Figure 5 Illustration of Direct Impact Zone Number 5
Construction Area Source: General Explanatory Report, 2020 Direct Impact Zone
41. The indirect impact zone includes irrigation areas, canals related to Pravaya Vetka and Shaidan Say river and Kara Unkur Say river located within the irrigation area. Potential quarry and/or deposit sites and adjacent areas for assessment and management of quarrying/deposit impacts have been included in this area. The indirect impact zone has been illustrated in Figure 6. Figure 6 Illustration of Indirect Impact Zone
Construction Area Direct Impact Zone
Indirect Impact Zone Source: Esri, 2020
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 19
I.6. Scope of the IEE
I.6.1. Methodology
42. The draft IEE study was prepared for and in coordination with SAWR (previously DWR) from March 2018 to July 2018 during the project preparation technical assistance (PPTA), by Yves Ennesser, international environment specialist, and Zhanybek Orozaly, national environment specialist. The environmental assessment was based on field visits, interviews and bibliographical analysis. The final IEE has been prepared by reviewing the draft IEE in cooperation of PIU’s Safeguards Specialist Mr. Kalyibek Zhunusbaev, Environmental and Social Coordinator of Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) and National Environment Specialist Mr. Zhanybek Orozaly. The review of IEE has been started early in the project phase in January 2020 and lasted on December 2020. 43. In the present case of the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system subproject, the nature of the project (disaster risk reduction and improvement of the water resource management) clearly shows that environmental benefits can be expected from the project implementation. Besides, two factors contribute to minimize the project negative environmental impacts: i. the study area is an irrigated agricultural area. Overall, this man-made landscape shows little ecological interest; ii. the planned investments mainly deal with rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing hydraulic structures. Therefore, apart from the construction period, there are very limited new impacts compared to the present situation. 44. In this context, the only potentially sensitive environmental receptor requiring detailed and reliable baseline data is the Shaidan River, impacted by the replacement of two mudflow-crossing structures. These are the Component No 5 Mudflow Crossing Structure No:2 and Component No:6 Mudflow Crossing Structure No:3. Sufficient data were found thanks to a survey of the ichthyofauna carried out by the hydrobiological laboratory of the Bishkek’s University in 2016.
I.6.2. IEE Information Sources and Limitations
45. The draft and final IEE incorporate all available information at the time of writing. The list of the main references used for the IEE is shown in Chapter XI of the present report. 46. Like with all environmental impact assessments, the present IEE is subject to data gaps and uncertainties, but none of them is considered as a limiting factor to the environmental impact assessment of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject. 47. The implementation-phase environment specialists have reviewed and revised the draft IEE and EMP as needed to correspond to the final engineering feasibility studies and designs of the subproject. 48. For evaluation of biodiversity conservation and sustainable natural resource management Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) has been used as well as an initial desktop analysis and literature review, early field reconnaissance and consultation with specialists.
I.7. Structure of the Report
49. The remainder of this report consists of the following sections: (i) Policy, legal, and administrative framework (ii) Description of the project (iii) Description of the environment (baseline data) (iv) Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures (v) Analysis of alternatives (vi) Information disclosure, consultation and participation (vii) Grievance redress mechanism (viii) Environmental management and monitoring plan (ix) Conclusion and recommendation (x) Main bibliographical references
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 20
II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
II.1. National and Local Legal and Institutional Framework
II.1.1. Environmental Protection Law and Policy
50. The legal basis for environmental assessments in the Kyrgyz Republic is formed by the Law on Environmental Protection (1999), Law on Ecological Expertise (State Environmental Review (1999), Instruction on Procedures of State Environmental Expertise for Pre-Project, Project and other Materials in Kyrgyz Republic (1997), and Instruction on Environmental Impact Assessment Performance Procedures in the Kyrgyz Republic (1997) and other normative documents. The Kyrgyz Republic acceded to the Aarhus Convention on Public Participation and the Espoo Convention on EIA in a Transboundary Context. The relevant environmental legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic is summarized in Table 4. Table 4: Major legislation on environmental protection
Passed Legislation Year Purpose / Content (Amended) Constitution of Kyrgyz 2010 The land, its resources, airspace, waters, forests, flora Republic and fauna, as well as other natural resources shall be the exclusive property of the Kyrgyz Republic; these shall be used for preserving a unified environmental system as the basis of life and activity of the people of Kyrgyzstan and shall enjoy special protection from the State. Law on Environmental 1999 (2002, The general legal framework for comprehensive Protection 2003, 2004, environmental protection and for the use of them, 2005, 2009, including environmental standards setting, legal 2013, 2014, regime of specially protected area, rules and 2015, 2016) procedures for the use, etc. The Environmental 2009 It establishes the basic principles of environmental Safety Concept of KR (2012) policy and determines global, national and local environmental issues; priorities in the field of environmental protection at the national level as well as tools to ensure environmental safety Law on Special 1994 Regulates the organization, protection and use of Protected Natural (2011) biosphere reserves; national parks; other protected Territories areas with unique natural areas, flora or fauna or cultural heritage values; and protected areas for recreational use Law on Biosphere 1999 Sets out legal standards for biosphere reserves, with Reserves the goal of preservation, restoration and use of areas rich in natural and cultural heritage, and supporting long-term sustainable economic and social development, including recreation, restoration of natural resources, long-term ecological control, monitoring and education.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 21
Passed Legislation Year Purpose / Content (Amended) Sanitary and 2016 It has been applied to the placement, design, Epidemiological Rules construction and operation of newly built, and Standards reconstructed and operating industrial facilities and "Sanitary Protection industries, transport, communications, agriculture, Zones and Sanitary energy, experimental production facilities, utility Classification of facilities, sports, trade, public catering, etc., which are Enterprises, sources of impact on the environment and human Structures and Other health. Sources of impact on the environment and Facilities human health are objects for which the levels of generated pollution outside the industrial site exceed 0.1 maximum permissible concentrations and / or maximum permissible levels. Rules on Protection of 2016 Provides the legislative framework for defining, Surface Waters of the specifying standards for the quality of water bodies Kyrgyz Republic used for fisheries and irrigation and enforcing regulations regarding discharges to water bodies, among other things. Law on the Protection 1999 (2003, Ambient air standard and air quality management of Ambient Air 2005, 2013, 2015, 2016) Law on state 2007 This Law defines the foundations of state regulation, regulation and policy (2016) the procedure for activities, rights, obligations and in the field of emission responsibilities of state bodies, local authorities, and absorption of individuals and legal entities in the field of emission greenhouse gases and absorption of greenhouse gases in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. Law on waters 2005 Establishes a unified legal base regulating the use, (2012, 2013, protection and development of water resources to 2016) ensure sufficient and safe supply and environmental preservation. Forest Code 1999 (2003, This Code establishes the legal basis for the rational 2005, 2007, use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests, 2012, 2013, increasing their ecological and resource potential, and 2014, 2015, their rational use. 2016) Law on Ecological 1999 (2003, About the use of public ecological expertise of EIA. Expertise (State 2007, 2015) Provides the legislative framework for the SAEPF to Environmental undertake state expertise review and approval of Review) EIAs. Defines (in general) projects requiring environmental assessment and state expertise review. Law on Wildlife 1999 Establishes that fauna is the property of the national (2003, 2014, state. Regulates protection of fauna during 2015) infrastructure design and construction, including faunal species’ habitat, migration routes and areas for nesting and breeding. Provides definitions of wildlife, rare and endangered species, wildlife protection, and use of wildlife. Law on Fisheries 1997 Determine the preservation of fish resources and their (1998, 2008, habitats, regulation of fishing, organization and 2013) management of fishing and capture of aquatic invertebrates in water bodies Law on Protection 2001 Regulates the use, protection, and reproduction of and Use of Flora (2003, 2007, flora. Key tenets include preservation of biodiversity 2009, 2010, and growth of wild plants and ecosystems; restoration 2016) and preservation of rare, endangered, and endemic species; and use and restoration of natural vegetation resources based on scientific principles.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 22
Passed Legislation Year Purpose / Content (Amended) Law on Mountain 2002 (2003, About sustainable development of mountain areas, Areas in Kyrgyz 2012, 2016) conservation and management of natural resources, Republic historical, cultural and architectural heritage Law on Waste of 2001 This Law regulates relations arising in the process of Production and formation, collection, storage, use, disposal, Consumption transportation and disposal of production and consumption waste (hereinafter referred to as waste), as well as government administration, supervision and control in the field of waste management. Sanitary Rules and 2016 It establishes sanitary - epidemiological requirements, Regulations "Noise at standardized parameters and maximum permissible Workplaces, in noise levels at workplaces, noise classification, Premises of permissible noise levels in the premises of designed, Residential, Public built, reconstructed and operated residential, public Buildings and on the buildings and on the territory of residential Territory of development. Residential Development Law on Rates for 2002 The law fixes the fees for pollution of the environment Pollution of the in the amount of 1.2 Kyrgyz Som per specific value Environment (ton) of pollutant (emission, pollutant discharge, and waste disposal) KR Law “General 2009 It defines the main provisions of technical regulation in technical regulations (2012) the field of environmental safety and establishes for ensuring general requirements for ensuring environmental environmental safety safety in design and carrying out activities at the in the Kyrgyz facilities of economic and other activities for the Republic” processes of production, storage, transportation and disposal of products. Resolution on 2011 This instruction is for implementation by the users of Methodological (2014,2015) natural resources, territorial environment protection Guidelines to Identify agencies and executive power of KR Payments for Environment Pollution KR Land Code 1999 (2000- The Code regulates land relationships in KR; grounds 2016) to emerge, exercise and terminate right to land and their registration, and aimed at introduction of land market relations for state, municipal and private property and rational land use and its protection. KR Law on Water 1994 (1995, The priority objective of water law is to regulate Resources 2012, 2013, relations in the sphere of water resources use, 2016) protection, prevention of negative impact on water resources and water-related facilities, their improvement and improvement of water-distribution relations. KR Law on Drinking 1999 (2000, Regulates drinking water availability and its quality. Water 2003, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014)
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 23
Passed Legislation Year Purpose / Content (Amended) KR Law on Industrial 2016 This Law defines the legal, economic and social safety of hazardous foundations for ensuring the safe operation of production facilities hazardous production facilities and is aimed at preventing accidents at hazardous production facilities and ensuring the readiness of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs operating hazardous production facilities to localize and eliminate the consequences of these accidents. KR Law General 2009 It defines the main provisions of technical regulation in technical regulations (2012) the field of environmental safety and establishes for ensuring general requirements for ensuring environmental environmental safety safety in design and carrying out activities at the in the Kyrgyz facilities of economic and other activities for the Republic processes of production, storage, transportation and disposal of products. KR Law on access to 2006 The objectives of this Law are to ensure the information held by (2013, 2014, implementation and protection of the right to access state bodies and local 2016) information held by state bodies and local self- self-government government bodies, and to achieve maximum bodies of the Kyrgyz information openness, publicity and transparency in Republic the activities of state bodies and local self-government bodies. Law of KR on the 2012 This Law regulates relations in the field of soil protection of soil (2016) protection, fertility, quality preservation and protection fertility of agricultural from degradation and other negative phenomena lands associated with the ownership, use, disposal of agricultural land. KR Law on Protection 2000 Objectives of this Law: 1) emergencies prevention; 2) of Population and reduce the size of loss and damage; 3) emergencies Territories from liquidation. The term “emergency” defines “hazardous Natural and natural or technogenic event, disaster or catastrophe Technogenic which may result in casualties, damage to public Disasters health or environment, gross material loss and disruption of functions”. Law on Protection 1999 Establishes a system for protecting items of local, and Use of Historic (2014, 2015, state and international historical or cultural Cultural Heritage 2017) importance. Includes definitions of key terms and types of protected objects.
51. The State Agency for Environmental Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) is the key authorized institution responsible for the establishment and implementation of environmental policy in Kyrgyz Republic. The Department of the State Environmental Review under the SAEPF is responsible for reviewing environmental assessment documents for projects of national significance. 52. Other major stakeholders – State and municipal organs, responsible for environmental assessment, are: (i) Ministry of Health (safety and health, drinking water quality, noise and vibrations); (ii) Ministry of Emergency Situations (natural hazards), and its subsidiary agency Kyrgyz Hydromet (KHM, or Hydromet), responsible for ambient air and water quality monitoring; (iii) Ministry of Agriculture and Amelioration (land use of agricultural lands and pastures); (iv) State Agency on Geology and Mineral Resources under the GKR (certificates and licenses to inert materials reserves); (v) State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety under the GKR (State environmental control); (vi) Rayon State Administrations (RSA) on the issues of resettlement and land acquisition, public hearings, information disclosure etc.). (vii) Organs of Local Self-Governance (OLSG) – Aiyl Okmotu (social issues, allocation of lands for stockpiles, asphalt plants, construction camps, etc.). 53. More information about the institutional framework is provided in section II.A.4.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 24
54. The EA system in KR is based on two subsystems: (i) OVOS (the Russian acronym for “Assessment of Environmental Impacts”), and (ii) Ecological Expertise (State Environmental Review, SER). A screening procedure based on screening lists identifies whether a project is the subject to environmental assessment. In case it is required, a Consultant hired by the Project Proponent conducts the OVOS. After presentation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for public consultation, the EIS is revised based on the feedback from the public. Then the EIS report and a Statement of Environmental Consequences along with other supporting documentation is submitted to a State Expert Commission for the State Environmental Review (SER). The project may be approved, rejected, or sent for re-examination. 55. Public consultation should occur at stage of the OVOS and may be also initiated in parallel to the SER as Public Environmental Review (PER). The implementation of any project is permitted only in case of its approval by the SER. The PER duration depends on the complexity of the project, but should not exceed 3 months after submission of all the OVOS documents and making payment to the SER by the Project Proponent. A formal written notification of local authorities and public notification through the media are transmitted at least one month in advance. A quorum is needed to ensure the representativeness of the presidium.
II.1.2. Project Status Regarding Environmental Regulations
56. Appendix 1 of the law of 8 May 2009 on environmental protection provides the list of economic activities subject to mandatory environmental assessment. The Pravaya-Vetka subproject is subject to environmental assessment with respect to the following items: 5. Agriculture and forestry: 1) projects of intensification of agriculture; 3) water management projects for agricultural purposes; 4) land reclamation projects with a view to changing the type of land use; 16) Water supply systems in populated areas, irrigation and drainage systems. 57. It is understood that “rehabilitation/upgrading” projects like Pravaya-Vetka subproject are subject to environmental assessment in the same way as “creation” projects. Hence, according to the Regulation on EIA of the Kyrgyz Republic, the PV subproject can be classified as “facilities/sites subject to state environmental assessment as planned activity - design, construction, reconstruction, expansion (broadening), technical re-equipment, modernization ...” likely to have a negative impact on the environment. 58. As per Appendix 2 of the regulation on the procedure for environmental impact of 13 February 2015, the contents of the Environmental Impact Statement are as follows: (i) Requisites of the initiator of the project and the executor of works on environmental impact assessment. (ii) Rationale for the need to organize the planned activities. (iii) Description of the characteristics of the proposed activity and possible alternatives. (iv) Analysis of the claimed technologies for compliance with the best available (available) technologies and technical specific standards. (v) Assessment of the existing state of the environment by components, including assessment of the historical, cultural value of the territory and its socio-economic status. (vi) Assessment of identified impacts. (vii) Forecast of changes in the environment and socio-economic conditions in the implementation of the planned activities. (viii) Basic decisions on measures to reduce, mitigate or prevent negative impacts, assess their effectiveness and implement opportunities. (ix) The results of the comparison of the expected environmental and related social and economic consequences of the alternatives under consideration, including the option to abandon the activities. (x) Proposals for the environmental monitoring program. (xi) Interaction with the public. (xii) Assessment of the admissibility of the proposed impact.
II.1.3. Other Legislation and Standards
II.1.3.1. Air Quality and Vehicle Emissions 59. Air pollution levels in KR are a concern mainly in urban areas. In Bishkek, 90% of all emissions are related to road transport. The air quality at locations away from the towns is expected to be much
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 25
better. Ambient air quality regulatory responsibility and monitoring of air quality in Kyrgyzstan rests with the Kyrgyz Hydromet (KHM) under the Ministry of Emergencies. Air quality monitoring stations are largely located in populated areas close to sources of pollution: Bishkek, Osh, Tokmak, Kara- Balta, and Cholpon-Ata. 60. Ambient air quality standards are shown in Table 5. Impact monitoring for atmospheric pollution is carried out by the Department of Ecological Monitoring under SAEPF. Table 5: Ambient Air Quality Standards (in mg/m3except as noted)
Maximum Average Daily Pollutant Permissible Hazard Class Concentration Concentration Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 0.15 0.05 3
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 0.5 0.05 3 Carbon monoxide (CO) 5 3 4
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 0.085 0.04 2 Nitrogen oxide (NO) 0.40 0.06 3 Tetraethyl lead 0.0001 0.00004 1 Source: Hygiene norms GН 2.1.б.1338-03 of the Kyrgyz Republic
61. The norms of emission in exhaust gases of motor vehicles are in Table 6. Table 6: Norms for exhaust gases emissions of motor vehicles
MPC for carbons, 1/100.000.000 of volume-1 for Rpm MPC for CO content engines (number of cylinders) Less than 4 More than 4 Nmin X.X 1.5 1200 3000 Nincr X.X 2.0 600 1000 0.8Nnom X.X Source: Instruction for the state control of air emissions of polluting substances by automobile facilities in the Kyrgyz Republic.
62. National standards for emission measurements: • GOST 17.2.2.03-87 defines the contents of carbon oxide (CO), hydrocarbons in burnt gases of vehicles with gasoline engines, “Safety Requirements” • GOST 21393-75 covers black smoke of burnt gases of vehicles with diesel engines. Norms and methods of measurements. Safety Requirements. 63. GOST 17.2.2.03-87 determines the content of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of vehicles with gasoline engines, and GOST 21393-75 –the opacity of exhaust gases of diesel cars. II.1.3.2. Water quality 64. Surface water quality standards for the most usual parameters are shown in Table 7, based on the Kyrgyz Water Law of 1994. Let us note that the admissible values for more than 1,200 parameters are specified in this law. Table 7: Surface water quality standards for the most usual parameters
Parameter Admissible values pH 6-9 Dissolved oxygen (DO mg/l) > 4 Sulfate (S mg/l) < 250 Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-NO3 mg/l) < 3.3 Oil and grease < 0.05
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 26
65. For the rivers of the subproject study area, there does not exist any specific norms of water quality based on the requirements to protect the indicator species. In this regard, it does not seem feasible to design mitigation measures specific to subproject by using the approach MPC measurements or aggregate pollutants load. 66. Kyrgyz Republic Standards for irrigation water quality Indicators characterizing the content of substances and chemical elements necessary for the normal growth and development of crops and the functioning of the ameliorative system (Group I) are shown in Table 8. Table 8: Irrigation water quality standards № Characteristics Unit Optimal range Allowed value 1 Hydrogen pH -log[H+] 6.5-8.0 6.5-8.4 2 Temperature °C 15-30 15-35 3 Mineralization mg/L 200-500 1000 4 Hydrocarbonates -//- 50-250 300 5 Carbonates -//- non-availability 6.0 6 Sulphates (anion) -//- 30-300 500 7 Chlorides (anion) -//- 10-200 250 8 Sodium -//- 10-100 150 9 Calcium -//- 50-200 300 10 Magnesium -//- 20-100 150 11 Potassium -//- 10-20 30 12 Phosphates -//- 5-10 10 13 Nitrates -//- 30-40 45 14 Nitrite -//- 0.2-0.3 0.5 15 Ammonium -//- 0-0.1 0.1 16 Iron total -//- 1.0-2.0 2.0 17 Zinc -//- 0.1-1.0 1.0 18 Copper -//- 0.5-1.0 1.0 19 Boron -//- 0.5-1.0 1.0 20 Fluorine -//- 0.7-1.0 1.5 21 Manganese common -//- 0.1 0.1 22 Cobalt -//- 0.1 0.2 23 Molybdenum -//- 0.2 0.5 25 E. coli. CFU / 100 mL <1,000 Note that the microbiological indicator organisms, fecal coliforms and total coliforms are not currently used. However, E coli is specified by the Law on Water, No. 1422-XII of 1994 as shown. II.1.3.3. Noise 67. Levels of acceptable noise levels are consistent with ADB guidelines. Kyrgyz noise standards are in Table 9. Table 9: Acceptable noise levels
Description of Activity / Category Leq Lmax Day = 45 Day = 60 Areas immediately adjacent to hospitals and sanatoriums Night = 35 Night = 50 Areas immediately adjacent to dwellings, polyclinics, dispensaries, Day = 55 Day = 70 rest homes, holiday hotels, schools, etc. Night = 45 Night = 60 Day = 60 Day = 75 Areas immediately adjacent hotels and dormitories Night = 50 Night = 65 Recreational areas in hospitals and sanatoriums 35 50
Rest areas at the territories of micro-districts and building estates, 45 60 rest houses, sanatoriums, schools, homes for the aged, etc. Source: Collection of important official materials on sanitary and antiepidemic issues, Volume 2, Part 1, Informative publishing center of State Epidemiological Surveillance Committee, Russian Federation 1994
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 27
II.1.4. Institutional Framework
68. The main agencies involved in the management of natural resources and environment protection in the KR are listed here. The main source used in the present section is “Kyrgyz Republic Analysis for Biodiversity” (USAID, 2013). II.1.4.1. State Agency for Environment Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) 69. SAEPF is the principal agency involved in environment protection in the KR. SAEPF is responsible for the environment protection policy, regulation and coordination, expertise and issuance of licenses and permits. SAEPF has territorial agencies distributed over the country territory. Its functions are: (i) Administrative activity, coordination of subordinated structures – regional and territorial offices; (ii) Ecological policy drafting and its implementation; (iii) Services on ecological information; (iv) Drafting policy to develop forestry and gaming activity; (v) Environmental monitoring; (vi) State environmental expertise; (vii) Issuance of ecological licenses; (viii) International cooperation. The structure of this agency is presented below: Figure 7: Central Office of the State Agency of Environmental Protection and Forestry
Source: USAID, 2013
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 28
II.1.4.2. Ministry of Agriculture, Food Industry, and Melioration (MOA) 70. This ministry has the mandate for providing government policy in these sectors: agriculture, pastureland management, fisheries, water resources, and others that involve environment protection. However, it is understood that environmental considerations are subsumed by productivity and development goals. II.1.4.3. State Inspection on Technical and Ecological Safety 71. This new state organ was established in January 2012. This Inspection incorporates inspection and oversight functions of some state organs and their agencies, with the most important among them: (i) functions of environmental control and oversight of the SAEPF; (ii) functions of State Inspection and Safety in Mining Industry of the former KR Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR); (iii) functions of Land Inspection and State Control in the land use and protection under the former MNR KR. II.1.4.4. District Level Authorities 72. The KR is divided into 7 oblasts (provinces), which encompass 40 rayons (districts). Each rayon has its own government administration and is responsible for creating development plans for its area. Due to the economic and social situation in the country, all development plans are focused on social and economic aspects, and only rarely mention ecological aspects that might be related to environment protection. II.1.4.5. Self-Governance Authorities 73. In KR, the smallest administrative unit is Aiyl Okmot (village self-governance). KR has 459 Aiyl Okmot, and only a few of them that are located in natural areas, depend on natural resources, and have a plan for environment protection. Although many other of the Aiyl Okmoty may mention environmental issues in their plan, these are not acted upon. II.1.4.6. Local User Groups 74. Rural residents in KR depend heavily on the use of natural resources, and the GKR, recognizing this, has adopted laws that support self-organized, local-level, self-management groups for key resources. Each village has a Pasture Committee and a Water Users Association, both with some relation to environment protection concerns. There is growing evidence that these groups are better managers of their resources than higher government agencies.
II.2. International Agreements Relevant to the Project
75. The Kyrgyz Republic is getting more actively involved in the world community activity aimed at restraining global environmental threats including the process of the unification efforts of states. The country has ratified the following international Conventions related to environmental management: (i) Basel Conventions on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, 1996 (ii) Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), 1996 (iii) Convention of Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 2000 (iv) UN framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC), 2000 (v) Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, 2000 (vi) Vienna Convention of the Protection of Ozone Layer, 2000. (vii) Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances, 2000 (viii) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 2002 (ix) UNECE Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, 2001 (x) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as waterfowl Habitat, 2003 (xi) The UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Kyrgyzstan joined in 2001 (xii) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa, acceded in 1999
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 29
(xiii) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, acceded in 2006. (xiv) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Kyrgyzstan joined in 2005 (xv) Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, acceded in 1995.
II.3. ADB Requirements
II.3.1. Policies
76. Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). SPS 2009 is ADB’s current main safeguards policy document. It describes the common objectives and policy principles of ADB's safeguards, and outlines the delivery process for ADB's safeguard policy. It promotes sustainability through protection of people and the environment from the adverse impacts of projects, and by supporting the strengthening of country safeguard systems. It presents a consistent, consolidated framework for environment, resettlement, and indigenous people safeguards. 77. ADB Operations Manual, Safeguard Policy Statement, Section F1/BP [Bank policies] & Safeguard Review Procedures, Section F1/OP [operational procedures] (2013). These documents operationalize SPS 2009. The policy sets forth the scope of SPS 2009 applicability to ADB operations, and the procedures describes the safeguards process and outputs, including consultation and disclosure requirements, through the various stages of project preparation. 78. Public Communications Policy (2011ca) guides ADB’s efforts to be transparent and accountable to the people it serves, which it recognizes are essential to development effectiveness. The policy recognizes the right of people to seek, access, and impart information about ADB’s operations, and it aims to enhance stakeholders’ trust in and ability to engage with ADB, through proactive disclosure, presumption in favor of disclosure, recognition of the right to access and impart information and ideas, country ownership, limited exceptions, and the right to appeal.
II.3.2. Guidance
79. Environmentally Responsible Procurement (2007). provides guidance to ADB staff, consultants, and executing agencies on ERP, defined as “a systematic approach to the purchase of goods and services that are thought to be less damaging to the environment than other goods and services that serve the same purpose,” specifically, products that “reduce waste, improve energy efficiency, limit toxic by-products, contain recycled content or are reusable, and are produced with the least environmental impact…[and] services…that help improve the environment, are rendered with minimum environmental and social impacts, and use resources and energy efficiently. 80. Complaint Handling in Development Projects - Grievance Mechanisms: A Critical Component of Project Management (2010). This document presents definitions, concepts, rationale, and history relevant to the ADB project grievance redress mechanism. 81. Complaint Handling in Development Projects - Building Capacity for Grievance Redress Mechanisms (2010). This document presents a framework and practical suggestions for building the capacity of an organization to manage an effective GRM. 82. Environment Safeguards, A Good Practice Sourcebook (2012). This draft working document aims to add clarity, provide technical guidance, and recommend good practices in SPS (ADB 2009) implementation. It updates the Environmental Assessment Guidelines (ADB 2003). 83. Selected References for Good Practice in Environmental Safeguards Implementation (2014). This internal Central and West Asia Department (CWRD) document presents internet hyperlinks to exemplary environmental safeguards documents (IEEs, EIAs, EARFs, etc.) prepared for CWRD country projects.
II.3.3. Environmental Screening & Categories
84. ADB water resources projects and subprojects are screened using a rapid environmental assessment checklist for irrigation projects (Appendix 1 contains the checklist filled out for the Pravaya-Vetka subproject). This checklist captures the type, location, sensitivity, scale, nature, and magnitude of potential environmental impacts; and availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Based on the checklist findings, the project or subproject is assigned to one of the following ADB environmental categories:
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 30
• Category A–likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA), including an environmental management plan (EMP), is required. • Category B – potential adverse environmental impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE), including an EMP, is required. • Category C – A proposed project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. An EIA or IEE is not required, although environmental implications need to be reviewed. 85. The category of a project is determined by its most sensitive component (output). The most sensitive components of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject define it as category B.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 31
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
III.1. Overall Framework
86. Kyrgyz Republic is a country at high risk of impact from the adverse effects of climate change and extreme weather events. The population is vulnerable, as approximately 30% of the population lives below the national poverty line and over 65% live in rural areas dependent on agriculture income. Disasters triggered by natural hazards such as floods and earthquakes are frequent and estimated to cost Kyrgyz Republic approximately 1%–1.5% of the GDP annually. The water resources sector is particularly vulnerable: notable recent water-related disaster events include droughts in northern districts (2009 and 2014), landslides (2003 and 2004), and flooding (2007 and 2012) in southwest districts. 87. Climate change is likely to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events. Drought and associated water stress may occur more frequently as temperatures increase, precipitation, and snowmelt patterns change adversely, and water availability may decline in the face of growing competing demands. Landslides (including mudflows) and floods may become more frequent due to melting permafrost and more intense precipitation events. 88. Irrigation is critical for sustained agricultural production in Kyrgyz Republic. However, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyz Republic’s water resources infrastructure is decayed and inefficient and agricultural productivity is low, thereby offering insufficient protection and resilience to natural hazard events. In addition, the hydro-meteorological capacity for monitoring, analyzing, and forecasting weather events has suffered during the post-independence period due to lack of resources. The situation is likely to be further aggravated due to growing and competing water demand due to population and economic growth and increased demands among agriculture, domestic water supply, and industrial and energy sectors. 89. Consultations with government and civil society stakeholders have identified improvements to climate change and disaster resilience in the water resources sector as a priority area for climate change adaptation. To mitigate future climate and disaster impacts to the livelihoods of vulnerable communities: (i) water access should be made more resilient to future disruptions, variability, and change; (ii) resilience to extreme weather events such as floods and landslides should be improved; and (iii) institutional capacity for climate and disaster risk monitoring, management, and response should be strengthened. 90. To meet these challenges, ADB launched a transactional technical assistance to develop and prepare a proposed investment project to strengthen the resilience of the water resources sector to floods, landslides, and droughts in Kyrgyz Republic. The project was called “Climate Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction in Water Resources Management”. 91. The project interventions are both structural (including civil works and equipment) and non-structural (including capacity building, planning, and training). It comprises four outputs: (i) irrigation infrastructure modernized; (ii) agricultural and land management practices modernized; (iii) flood protection infrastructure modernized; and (iv) disaster risk and water resources data collection and analysis improved. 92. The project outcome is expected to be climate change and disaster resilience of infrastructure and water security improved. 93. The present Pravaya-Vetka subproject is part of this project. The other subprojects have been identified during the project implementation process. These are: Kojo-Kayir Canal Subproject; Saparbayeva Canal Subproject and Usman Canal Subproject. As most subprojects are unlikely to be identified before ADB’s Board approval, an Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) will be used to provide guidance on subproject selection, screening and categorization, information disclosure and consultation, assessment, planning, institutional arrangement, and processes to be followed in the formulation and implementation of subprojects during project implementation. Once other subprojects will be identified an IEE will be prepared for each and submitted to ADB for approval.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 32
III.2. The Pravaya-Vetka Subproject
III.2.1. Setting
94. The subproject is located in the Jalal-Abad Oblast (region), South of Kyrgyzstan. The main units of the region’s topography/terrain are the northeastern outskirt of the Fergana Valley and the mountains of the Western Tien Shan. Due to the isolated, but considerably southern position of the region, its climate is temperate, but rather continental. In the mountains, heavy frosts and snowfalls are possible. In the valleys, in summer time, it is very arid. At the bottom of the mountains the steppes and semi-deserts stretch, on the slopes there are nuciferous (nut-bearing) and coniferous forests, sparse juniper forests; above, subalpine and alpine meadows, rocks and glaciers. The region covers an area of 33,700 km² (about 17% of the area of Kyrgyzstan). More than 70% of its territory is occupied by sparsely inhabited highlands of the western Tien Shan. The remaining 30%, mainly lands along the border with Uzbekistan and the valley of the Naryn River represent densely populated foothills and flat parts of the Fergana Valley, allotted for irrigated agriculture (cotton growing). The region is located in the zone of arid extremely continental climate, but the presence of several large glaciers in the mountains allow it to have quite significant water resources. The main waterway (water artery) of the region is the Naryn River, one of the main constituents of the second largest and most important river of Central Asia - the Syr-Darya, as well as numerous tributaries. 95. Within the Jalal-Abad Oblast, the Pravaya-Vetka Subproject is located in the Nooken District (see Figure 2), in the densely populated foothills of the Fergana Valley. Figure 8: Location of the Nooken district
Bishkek
source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kyrgyzstan_Nooken_Raion.png?uselang=ru
III.2.2. Present Status of the Pravaya-Vetka Irrigation System
96. The purpose of the present section is only to present some general information about the Pravaya- Vetka Irrigation System. For specific information about each component of the subproject, please refer to Section III.2.3. 97. The Pravaya Vetka canal was built in 1954. Water intake into the canal is carried out from the Karaungursai river through the headgate (HG) of the dam type. 13.100 hectares of irrigated land depend on the Pravaya Vetka canal, including 2.210 hectares in the Bazar-Korgon district and 10.890 hectares in the Nooken district. The total length of the canal is about 20.9 km. According to the identification, the flow rate in the canal head is 18 m³/s. The Pravaya Vetka canal is 20.9 km long, including: in the earthen bed - 3.36 km, in monolithic concrete facing - 14.08 km, in Reno mattress - 1.44 km, in stone paving - 0.3 km and in G-blocks - 1.72 km. The design capacity of the canal is 22 m³/s at the beginning and 8 m³/s at the end. The irrigation system provides water for 167 farmers. The main crops are cotton, wheat and maize.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 33
Figure 9: Irrigation system of the Pravaya-Vetka canal and location of the subproject components
98. Due to years of operation and inadequate allocation of funds from the budget for maintenance and repair, hydraulic structures are unsatisfactory. The lining of the canal in many places is destroyed and blurred, which led to an increase in infiltration losses and a decrease in the estimated costs. The canal is silted in places, sometimes there are even reverse slopes, and this fact leads to a decrease in the capacity of the estimated water consumption. 99. The channel is filled with silt in places and its capacity has decreased to 15 m³. Mudflow enters into canals from ravines or mountain streams, increasing maintenance costs and creates a threat to infrastructure. 100. The land allocated for the Pravaya Vetka Irrigation System refers to the land on a long-term or permanent allotment for agricultural purposes. These lands are territories excluded from the natural habitat/ living environment for an indefinite period.
101. Some sectoral problems can also be observed: (i) The existing irrigation system does not have enough water to meet full potential crop water requirements over its authorized service area; (ii) The existing organization is adequate (neither good nor poor), to maintain the existing low-level equilibrium in irrigation system management (O&M) and performance, but need to develop its capacities to manage modern irrigated agriculture systems; (iii) At full design discharge, main canal top water levels are too low to fully command its full authorized service area. Furthermore, the main canal is not equipped with cross-regulators to maintain canal water levels during less than full design discharges; (iv) There are not enough main canal offtakes and tertiary canals, many existing tertiary canals are too low and irrigable areas are less than the authorized service area. 102. Mudflow discharges into the canals from gullies or mountain brooks add to the maintenance costs and jeopardize the infrastructure.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 34
Figure 10: The PV canal major issues
Poor condition of the canal at some places Mudflow discharges into the canal
103. Therefore, the present agricultural productivity of water (PoW) is low. The lack of irrigation water causes a decline in crop yields, and consequently affects the social status of water users. 104. The following diagram shows all the interactions leading to the present degraded situation. Figure 11: Problem Tree for the Irrigated Agriculture Subsector Passive satisfaction with No shared vision of the No creditable change process present situation potential future
Low-level equilibrium
Low net value of total crop
production ($)
Low agricultural productivity of
water ($ m-3)
Irrigation systems not explicitly managed for water scarcity or drought risk
Low irrigation system efficiency (%)
Insufficient command 1 Insufficient command Farmer field-level irrigation method not optimal Floods and mudflows Insufficient 3rd + 4th canals
Limited market access Dynamic rivers with high sediment loads Traditional crops
Existing WUAs just adequate DWRM underfinanced and (neither good nor poor) for Traditional risk aversive
under-resourced present low-level equilibrium farmers Inadequate for modernization
Scarce water is the limiting
resource 2 1 Command is the head (difference in elevation), between the canal water level and the farmers field, required to make water flow by gravity to irrigate or “command” the farmers field without pumping. 2 Water is the limiting resource. Soviet-era irrigation systems were designed to meet the social equity objective (limited access to scarce water for many farmers) and not the economic efficiency objective. For example, Pravaya Vetka has only enough water to supply about half potential crop water requirements (ETc) over its authorized service area.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 35
III.2.3. Project Components
105. The proposed rehabilitation work on the Pravaya Vetka canal were determined on the basis of a survey of the canal and the structures by a group of specialists from LLC “Geoconsult LTD” together with representatives of the Jalal-Abad Water Sector Basin Authority, Nooken District Water Management Department and consultants of the working project, as well as on the basis of topographic surveys, repair lists, etc. It is also based on the feasibility study for the Pravaya Vetka subproject. As a result, the following objects and structures were included in the reconstruction and rehabilitation program (see also Figure 12 for main project component locations): Component No 1) Construction of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No. 1 at HM 15+25 of the Pravaya Vetka canal; Component No 2) Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1; Component No 3) Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97. Section No.2.; Component No 4) Rehabilitation of the discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46; Component No 5) Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal; Component No 6) Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00; Component No 7) Construction of a discharge outlet at HM 161+00; Component No 8) Rehabilitation of a bridge at HM 171+06; Component No 9) Reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI)
106. Component No°1- Construction of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No. 1 at HM 15+25 of the Pravaya Vetka canal. At this place, a gully discharges significant quantity of debris into the canal, resulting in significant silting of the canal. The gully will be stabilized and reinforced with the construction of a rubble concrete trapezoidal canal. A crossing structure will be built over the Pravaya-Vetka canal and extended through a rubble concrete trapezoidal canal across a 404 m wide agricultural area to carry the flows and debris to the Kara-Unkur-Sai river (see Figure 13 and Figure 14). The following works will be implemented: ▪ The initial existing part of the Mudflow crossing of 50 m long runs along the old earthen bed; ▪ At HM 0 + 50, there are diving wall openers installed to ensure a smoother flow entry. Further, the Mudflow crossing runs 20 m in a trapezoidal cross-section with two small drops of 0.5 m each. ▪ The passage under the road is provided in pipes ZP10.100 with a section of 2x2 m, with a total length of 20 m up to HM 0 + 90. ▪ the Mudflow crossing runs in a trapezoidal cross-section with the parameters: of bottom width - 3.0 m; construction depth - 1.0 m; and the base of slope - 1.5; ▪ From HM 1 + 16, the first cascade of drops of 0.5 m high begins; there are 8 pcs of them. The length of the drop step is 13 m; ▪ At HM 2 + 21, a transition section from a trapezoidal bed to a rectangular reinforced concrete groove begins. The passage through the Pravaya Vetka canal is designed as an aqueduct. The reinforced concrete groove has the dimensions of: bottom width - 3.0 m, construction depth - 1.0 m, and thickness of the bottom and walls - 0.3 m; ▪ Further, behind the groove, there is a transition section 3 m long to the trapezoidal cross-section. At HM 3 + 01, the second cascade of drops begins; there are 10 drops with step height 0.5 m and step length 2.0 m each; ▪ The cascade of drops is followed by an end section of the Mudflow crossing with a length of 75 m with a slope of 0.0311, passing mainly in the dike and ending with a collar. Behind the collar, a framing of a section of the river slope of the Karaungursai river bed is provided, where to Mudflow crossing No. 1 discharges water.
TA 51081-002 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 36
Figure 12: Location of the main project components
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 37
Figure 13: Site of the future mudflow crossing structure no-1 over the Pravaya-Vetka canal on km 15+25 – Aerial view
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 38
Figure 14: Views from mudflow crossing no 1 on Pravaya-Vetka canal on km 15+25
At present, the gully flows directly into the Downstream of the canal, the gully flows will canal. A concrete crossing structure will be be discharged into the river through a rubble built over the canal and the gully will be stone masonry ditch (150 m long) channelized with rubble stone masonry (100 m long)
107. Component No°2- Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1: In this section, the canal is faced with Reno mattress. The outer mattress mesh in the bottom and bottom of the slopes is completely absent as a result of abrasion by sediments (mattress cobblestones), which move downstream creating congestion, thereby reducing the canal capacity. When the maximum flow rates pass, water overflows from the canal are observed. The following rehabilitation works will be performed: - Clearing the bottom and slopes of the canal with subsequent planning and compaction up to the design section b = 5.35, m = 1.5, Н of the construction = 1.2 m; - Making gravel bed with t = 10 cm - Making concrete bed t = 8 cm, B-7.5 - Laying of monolithic reinforced concrete t = 12 cm, B-20, which is reinforced with a single mesh with a step of 20x20 сm; d = 6 mm, fiberglass fittings; - Making expansion joints and construction joints. - The hydraulic elements of the canal in this section are as follows: - Q = 10 m³ /s; i = 0.0104 ... 0.013; n = 0.017; V = 3.99 ... 4.46 m/s; h = 0.44 ... 0.53 m Figure 15: The Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 117+00 to HM 131+03
Winter time view: when the canal is empty, Spring time view: the canal is filled and the the pebbles from the previous Reno side vegetation has grown mattresses can be seen
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2018 Page 39
Figure 16: Rehabilitation of the Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 117+00 to HM 131+03 (starting location)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 40
108. Component No 3- Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97. Section No.2. In this section, from HM 152 + 62 to HM 154 + 18 and from HM 162 + 36 to HM 180 + 59, the canal with trapezoidal cross-section with concrete facing has large cracks and caverns; in some areas, there is all-round erosion in the bottom and lower part of the slopes. At these areas, the following rehabilitation works are envisaged: - Cleaning (dismantling) defective areas from destroyed concrete and sediments. - Making a layer of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of t = 15cm, B-20, reinforced with a mesh with a step of 20x20cm, with reinforcement d = 6mm (fiberglass fittings), along the top of the existing facing. - The canal parameters in this section are as follows: - B = 4.4, m = 1.5, H of the construction = 1.1 m, - Hydraulic elements: Q = 10 ... 7.5 m3 /s; n = 0.017, v = 3.2 ... 4.1 m/s - The canal section in the earthen bed from HM 154 + 18 to HM 180 + 59 has erosion and reverse gradient. The following rehabilitation works are planned for this area: - Clearing the canal to the design marks m = 1.5, b = 4.4m, H of the construction = 1.2m - Making gravel bed with t = 10cm - Making concrete facing t = 15cm, B-20 - Hydraulic elements, according to hydraulic calculation: Q = 7.5m³ /s, b = 4.4m and i = 0.0025, n = 0.017, m = 1.5, v = 1.95 ... 2.13 m/s. - In the section of the canal from HM 180 + 59 to HM 182 + 97, in reinforced concrete blocks G- 15, the bottom is in an extremely unsatisfactory condition; therefore, the bottom concreting between the G-blocks with monolithic concrete B-20, F150, W6 is provided along the entire length of this part. - At all the rehabilitated sections of the Pravaya Vetka canal, it is planned to uproot trees and bushes located in the immediate vicinity of the canal bed. Figure 17: The Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 152+62 to 182+97
Winter time view: when the canal is empty, Spring time view: damage on canal side damaged concrete lining can be seen in the canal bottom
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 41
Figure 18: Plan view of the future Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 152+62 to 182+97
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 42
109. Component No 4- Rehabilitation of the discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46: The discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal actually gates through 2 m³/s of water. The Nooken District Water Management Department requests to increase the discharge capacity to 3 m³/s in order to resupply the underlying canals. To increase the discharge capacity of the water outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal from the Pravaya Vetka canal, the project provides for the installation of a rise behind the trash grid, at a distance of 10 cm. The rise construction is as follows: - U-section 20 PL = 4m is installed with the ribs down and is attached to the bottom of the canal with the help of reinforcement anchors d = 18 mm А240 L = 50 mm every 0.5 m, which in turn are driven into concrete; - The steel sheet is bent at an angle of 30 degrees and welded to the U-section. - Brackets made of reinforcement steel are installed along the edges and in the middle of the shut- off element; they are made of reinforcement steel d = 18 mm А240. - Also, in the adjacent discharge outlet at HM 146 + 60, the installation of a flow regulating plate PS 60x60 is provided. Figure 19: The Discharge Outlet at Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46
Winter time view: when the canal is empty Spring time view
Figure 20: The Plan view of discharge outlet at Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 43
110. Component No°5- Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal: Currently, construction work is underway on the Bishkek-Osh road section. At the inter-section of the road with the Shaidan-Sai river (HM 538 + 880), a road bridge will be reconstructed and the river bed in the area of intersection will be anchored. Having contacted the design organization “AzVirt LLC”, their design documentation which has been approved by the State Expertise Department has been received. Design documentation defines that the hydraulic calculation of the discharge capacity of structures was made for a design flow rate equal to Q5% = 38.7 m³/s; verification Q1% = 53.3 m³/s. In this regard, it makes no sense to increase the estimated capacities up to the capacities based on climate change estimation by 2050. Increased flow capacities presented in the feasibility study for the Pravaya Vetka subproject is equal to Q5% = 53.3 m³/s, Q1% = 80.0 m³/s. The mudflow crossing structure is of category of importance IV. According to the hydraulic calculation conducted during the design study the flow rates have been estimated as to Q5% = 35.2 m³/s; Q1% = 55.3 m³/s. This are the flow amounts of the Shaidan-Sai river at the section considered. The following rehabilitation works are proposed for this area: - Increasing the construction depth of the stream-guiding dams from 1.5 m to 1 m over a length of 30 m in the upper reaches with bottom clearing to the design marks; - Dismantling of the existing Mudflow crossing; - Dismantling of the existing discharge outlet; - Dismantling of a section of the Massy canal passing under the Mudflow crossing in a concrete rectangular pipe; - Construction of a new Mudflow crossing; - Construction of a new discharge outlet; - Construction of a section of the Massy canal passing under the Mudflow crossing on the Shaidan-Sai river in a concrete rectangular pipe.
Figure 21: The mudflow crossing structure over the Masy secondary canal – View from the ground
Downstream view with the crossing structure in Upstream view from the road bridge showing the the foreground and the road bridge in the steep gradient of the Shaidan river bed background
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 44
Figure 22: Horizontal alignment of the future mudflow crossing structure over the Masy secondary canal
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 45
111. Component No°6- Rehabilitation of a mudflow crossing structure Mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00: The mudflow crossing structure is of category of importance IV. The hydraulic calculation was made for a design flow rate equal to Q5% = 35.2 m³/s; verification Q1% = 55.3 m³/s. The following rehabilitation works are proposed: - Construction of a stabilized canal in the upper reaches and lower reaches; - Dismantling of existing Mudflow crossing; - Construction of a new Mudflow crossing. - The stabilized canal is made of dams with Н of construction = 1.6 m, m = 1.5, width along the ridge is 4 m. Material: high-quality embankment with a compaction of 1.95 t / m³; the slopes are fastened with rubble stone D of canal = 45 cm, in 2 layers, with deepening of the base below the depth of local erosion of the canal. Figure 23: The mudflow crossing structure over the Pravaya-Vetka canal at HM 160+00
The Shaidan river crossing structure over the Upstream the crossing structure the river banks Pravaya-Vetka canal will be protected against erosion on a 300 m length
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 46
Figure 24: The plan view of mudflow crossing structure over the Pravaya-Vetka canal at HM 160+00
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 47
112. Component No 7 - Construction of a discharge outlet at HM 161+00: The following design solutions are proposed: - Dismantling of the existing discharge outlet at HM 160 + 50; - Construction of a new discharge outlet at HM 161 + 00. The relocation was made to reduce the length of the discharge outlet pipe. Due to the fact that the discharge outlet was moved 50 m downstream along the Pravaya Vetka canal, and the exit elevation did not change, a bottom oblique overflow wall made of monolithic reinforced concrete B-20, F-150, W-6, 11.2 m long, 40 cm high and 30 cm thick is provided for backwater effect. At the end of the overflow wall, a discharge outlet is installed. It consists of: - Culvert inlet; - Deep gate GS 60x130y; - Steel pipe: d = 630 mm, length 33.5 m; - Culvert outlet. The culvert inlet and outlet are made of monolithic reinforced concrete B-20, F-150, W-6 having rectangular cross-section; its thickness along the entire perimeter equals to t = 30 cm. The culvert inlet also includes a trash grid. The culvert outlet is made of monolithic reinforced concrete B-20, F- 150, W-6 having rectangular section; the thickness of its walls is t = 30 cm and the thickness of the bottom is t = 30 cm. Discharge outlet flow rate - Q = 200 l/s. Figure 25: The outlet plan view at HM 161+00 over the Pravaya-Vetka canal
113. Component No 8 - Rehabilitation of a bridge at HM 171+06: Due the fact that the existing bridge is in emergency condition, the following works are proposed: - Dismantling of the existing bridge; - Construction of a new bridge. The bridge crossing is made of PM-7 slabs in the middle and PMK-7 slabs at the edges. The slabs are resting on a stub abutment made of monolithic reinforced concrete B-22.5, F-200, W-8; the abutment was installed on a sandy-gravel bed. The bridge crossing is covered with gravel. The canal section under the bridge crossing is rectangular and consists of: - Blocks G-120; - Monolithic reinforced concrete along the bottom, between blocks; - Width along the bottom b = 4.4 m. The mating sections are made of monolithic reinforced concrete B-20, F-150, W-6, and consist of: - 2 collars which are buried 80 cm under the bottom of the canal and have a thickness of t = 30 cm; - A mating section: width along the bottom b = 3.4 ... 4.4 m, m = 1.5 ... 0, H of construction = 1.1 m, L = 2.7 m.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 48
Figure 26: Plan and section view of bridge at HM 171+06 over the Pravaya-Vetka canal
114. Component No 9 - Reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI): In the system of the Pravaya Vetka canal, 18 hydraulic posts are included in the modernization list. The layout is shown Section I.5 at Figure 5. The list of hydraulic post to be modernized is given in Table 10. The modernization includes the equipping of hydraulic posts with control and measurement instrumentation for automatic collection of data on flow rates on the main canal and second-order canals. The modernization will make it possible to automate the control system for the technological processes of water intake, water distribution and water metering along the Pravaya Vetka canal system. The general condition of all but 6 existing hydraulic posts is satisfactory. All hydraulic posts require the reconstruction of stilling wells for the installation of control and measurement instrumentation. Construction of new stilling wells is required at 6 hydraulic posts.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 49
Table 10 List of hydraulic posts to be modernized Discharge Location, No. HM Canal or bypass name capacity Note district (m³/s) 1 0+00 Pravaya Vetka hydraulic post 20-22 Bazar-Korgon
Shaidan-Vetka canal, hydraulic 2 44+00 3.0-5.0 Bazar-Korgon post
3 1+50 Shaidan-Vetka canal 1.5-2.0 Nooken
4 0+70 Massy canal 3.0-5.0 Bazar-Korgon
5 22+75 Massy canal 3.0 Nooken New
6 117+60 Pravaya Vetka main canal 7.0-10.0 Bazar-Korgon
7 121+30 Pravaya Vetka main canal 7.0-10.0 Bazar-Korgon New
8 135+20 Pravaya Vetka main canal 7.0-10.0 Bazar-Korgon
9 146+52 Vakhum-Aral canal 2.0-2.5 Bazar-Korgon New
10 196+00 Pravaya Vetka main canal 7.01-10.0 Nooken
11 0+60 Nooken canal 3.0-3.5 Nooken
12 61+32 Nooken canal 1.5-2.0 Nooken
13 1+80 Taimonku canal 2.0-2.5 Nooken
14 1+50 Arinzhan canal 2.0-2.5 Nooken New
15 2+60 Sakaldy canal 2.0-2.5 Nooken
16 1+50 Koz-Zhaman canal 0.5-1.0 Nooken
17 62+40 Pravaya Vetka main canal 0.2-0.5 Bazar-Korgon New
18 68+20 Pravaya Vetka main canal 0.2-0.5 Bazar-Korgon New
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 50
Figure 27: A Typical section of hydraulic posts along the Pravaya Vetka Canal
115. Main and secondary canal works fall under responsibility of SAWR and lower-level canals and ancillary infrastructure fall under the responsibility of water user associations (WUAs). The subproject will support the development of SAWR/WUA joint irrigation management plan and improved on-farm water management and agricultural management. A phased approach is used (see Section 0). 116. The Pravaya-Vetka subproject will include a participatory and community-based contracting approach for an area of roughly 5000 ha. Consulting services and social mobilization teams will support the system design process and implement capacity-building activities such as farmer field days and comparative field trials. 117. As above-mentioned, the interventions on the subproject are both structural and non-structural (including capacity building, planning, and training). The goal is to develop better irrigation and agricultural practices, while pursuing social development objectives (targeting specifically poverty and gender issues).
III.2.4. Organization of the Construction Works
118. Construction work on the rehabilitation and modernization of the Pravaya vetka canal will be carried out in the existing irrigation canal, which will be used during the growing season to supply irrigation water to suspended irrigated land. In this regard, it should be noted that when scheduling the works, it is necessary to take into account the fact that full-scale works on the Pravaya vetka canal can be carried out during the non-vegetation period. 119. The design duration of the facility construction as a whole is determined according to the norms of SNiP 1.04.03-85 “Standards for the duration of construction” and with regard to the Guidance Document (Kyrgyzstan) 3/92. The total duration of construction is 22 months as calculate in Table 11.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 51
Table 11 Calculation of construction duration Rehabilitation and Modernization of Name of the facility to be constructed Pravaya Vetka Canal, Nooken district of and its location Jalal-Abad region Project capacity: Amount of earthworks 45.9 ths. m³; Amount of concrete and reinforcement works 9.3 ths. m³; Construction duration: а) under SNiP 1.04.03-85, page 386, 14.3 months para.23 b) added with regard to: seismicity of the area that can measure 9 К=1.3, Guidance Document (Kyrgyzstan) points in accordance with the Report on 3/92 engineering and geological surveys c) working in one shift К=1.2 Total design construction duration will be: 14.3х1.3х1.2= 22.3 months 22 months.
120. Overall scope of work at the Pravaya Vetka canal for all objects is given in Table 12. Table 12 Overall scope of work No. Name of work Unit Quantity Notes 1 Clearing channel sides m² 11645 2 Cutoff trench m³ 28950 3 Embankment m³ 8628 4 Backfill m³ 2916.5 Backfilling of the gully with soil compaction Y=1.95 m³ 5 7620.0 t/m3 6 Layout m² 22474 7 Fastening with stones m³ 3428.1 m 27.0 8 Metal pipe Ø530х11 mm t 3342.8 9 Precast reinforced concrete m³ 176.6 10 Monolithic reinforced concrete m³ 4764.09 11 Reinforcement for monolithic concrete kg 48557.0 14 Monolithic concrete m³ 1142.4 15 Fiberglass reinforcement kg 13568.9 16 Metalwork kg 9937.6 17 Rubble concrete m³ 723.0 18 Concrete bedding m³ 2021.9 19 Gravel bedding t=10 cm m³ 3792.2 20 Rubble paving t=10 cm m³ 17.6 21 Dismantling of monolithic concrete m³ 705.2 22 Dismantling of metalwork kg 887.6 23 Pipe painting waterproof m² 663.9 Concrete surface waterproof with bitumen in m² 24 2278 petroleum benzene 25 Joint М-1 r.m 374 Making driven joints at a trapezoid cross-section 26 pcs. 817 canal 27 Roofing felt seam (only in 2 layers) r.m 137 Uprooting trees with a diameter from d=5cm to 28 pcs. 160 d=20 cm from Trees trimming on the right along the canal from d=5cm 29 m 255 HM 176+15 to HM 178+70 to d=20 cm
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 52
121. The need for basic construction machines and mechanisms are given at the following:
1. Backhoe shovel with a capacity of 0.4 m³ - 4 pcs. 2. Backhoe shovel with a capacity of 0.65 m³ - 2 pcs. 3. Dragline excavator with a tamper plate - 2 pcs. 4. Bulldozer of 80-130 HP - 6 pcs. 5. Dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 10 tons - 8 pcs. 6. Truck crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tons - 4 pcs. 7. Tanker truck with a capacity of 10 m³ - 4 pcs. 8. Mobile power plant 30-50 kW - 4 pcs. 9. Motor grader - 2 pcs. 10. Truck with a carrying capacity of 5 tons - 2 pcs. 11. Concrete trucks - 4 units 12. Soil compaction mechanisms - 4 pcs.
III.2.5. Planning
122. Table 20 shows the implementation schedule of the subproject. Table 13: Implementation schedule of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject 2. Design and Phases 1. Mobilize 3. Construction 4. Management Bidding Period 6 to 9 months 3-6 months 22 months 12-36 months - PIU - PIU - Contractor - PIU Key - Consulting firm - Consulting firm - WUAs/WUGs - Consulting firm parties: - Facilitation teams - Facilitation teams - Assessment of - Award Contracts - Completed main - Joint SAWR-WUA system potential for main canal and canal and protective system O&M plan - Consultation protective works works - WUA on-farm between SAWR and (under SAWR) - Completed on-farm water and Outputs: WUAs - Award community works agricultural plan - Strengthen WUAs contracts for on-farm - Field trials, farmer establish WUGs works (to WUGs) filed days. - Feasibility study
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 53
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA)
IV.1. Physical environment
IV.1.1. Current Climatic Conditions
123. The climatic conditions of the Fergana Valley are determined by its geographic location at low latitudes and remoteness from the ocean, which causes a sharp continentality and aridity of the climate. The characteristic climatic features of the region are high intensity of solar radiation, aridity, low clouds, increased solar radiation, sudden fluctuations in daily and daytime temperatures. The peculiar orographic position of the Fergana Valley and the neighborhood with the eastern margins of the desert Kyzylkum determined here the presence of distinct/clearly expressed vertical zoning of the climate. When there is a decrease in absolute altitudes, the climate varies from a cold mountainous to a semi-desert in the western valley and to a hot, sharply continental, desert in the central part. 124. The average annual solar radiation on a horizontal surface during clear sky is 240 kcal/cm², i.e., not less than in the tropics. The large sum of warmth is explained, first of all, by the high midday solstice above the horizon and by insignificant cloudiness in the warm period of the year (Maskudov, 1979). 125. The air temperature in the foothills and mountains differs significantly from the temperature in the plain zone. In January, the average monthly, average daily air temperatures are below-freezing point throughout the Fergana Valley. However, in the middle of January, even in the foothills up to 1000- 1500 m high, they are above-zero. In February, monthly mean air temperatures above-zero is observed throughout the plains and in the foothills of the Turkestan range. In March, to an altitude of 2000-2,200 m, the average daily temperatures reach 2-8 °, daytime 3-11 ° C (Mavlyanov, 1972). In April, the zero-degree isotherm passes at an altitude of 3000 m with some deviations, depending on the exposure of the slopes. During this period, the melting of the main snow reserves in the mountains begins, therefore, on most of the rivers there is a rapid increase in the flood. In May-June, the overall increase in air temperature continues. In July-August, temperatures reach their maximum. The average daily temperature is positive/above-zero even at the highest ridges of the mountains. In September-October, a sudden decrease in temperatures occur in the mountains. In November and December at an altitude of more than 2000-2400 m, temperatures below-zero is observed. In the foothills, average daily temperatures in November are 1-6 ° C, and in December, they are below-zero everywhere (Mavlyanov, 1972). The sum of temperatures above-zero (more than 10 ° C) in the range 4500-4700 °, the frost-free period lasts 196-230 days (Maskudov, 1979). In the cold season over the Fergana Valley is the polar front. Weather conditions are formed under the influence of dry and cold air coming from the Siberian anticyclone, and moist warm air coming as cyclones from the Atlantic side. 126. One of the important factors of climate is the wind. Strong winds occasionally occur here. They wind/weave soils and mobile/drift sands, form dust storms, which complicate the work of transport, industrial enterprises, tear electricity and communication lines. In addition, during strong winds fields, populated areas, canals, roads, small irrigation network are covered with sand. The average annual wind velocities in different areas are not the same. The zone of increased/raised velocities (more than 2 m/sec, and stretches along the Syr-Darya River to the Taldyk River.) In narrower sections, the average wind velocities exceed 4 m/s. For a considerable time, stronger winds are also observed (more than 15m/sec). The average annual number of days with a strong wind reaches in valley mouth is 65. Another area of strong winds is the area of the town of Kokand where the wind speed can reach 16-30 m/sec (Maskudov, 1979). As shown below, the prevailing wind directions are north-east, south-west and north.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 54
Figure 28: Wind rose in Jalal-Abad
С 60 50 СЗ СВ 40 30 20 10 З 0 В
ЮЗ ЮВ
Ю
127. The peculiar geographical position of the valley with a diverse orientation of the mountainous structures that form it causes an uneven distribution of precipitation. The annual amount of precipitation in different areas varies from 55 to 1300 mm. The smallest amount (100 mm) falls on the western half of the plain part of the depression near the city of Kokand. To the east and northeast, the amount of precipitation gradually increases, reaching 200-300 mm in the foothill part and from 900 to 1300 mm in the mountains. In the annual precipitation regime, two maxima are observed (at the end of summer and in winter). In the lowland part (plain), as well as in the foothills of the Chatkal and Kuramin ranges, the rainiest is March (14-17% of the annual precipitation), and the other parts of the valley are April, May or June. The least rainy is August or early September (up to 4-5% of the annual sum of precipitation). In the central lowland and low foothills, the largest part occurs as rain; only from an altitude of 1400-1700 m the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow is greatly increased (Mavlyanov, 1972). A stable snow cover is set only on mountain slopes exceeding 1400- 1800 m, for 20-40 days. In the lower zone, at an altitude of 1000-1400 m, the snow cover is unstable and does not reach high height/depth. The maximum daily precipitation observed in the subproject area (Shaidan river basin) is 73.0 mm. 128. A distinctive feature of the climate is high evaporation, which reaches 1,200-1,500 mm/year. Due to relatively high winter temperatures, even in the middle of winter, evaporation is about 10 mm per month (January). As early as March it reaches 60 mm, in the future evaporation rapidly increases and in the summer months (July-August) is 230-250 mm. (Maskudov, 1979). Since September, due to a sharp drop in temperature, evaporation decreases, reaching 30-40 mm in November [21].
IV.1.2. Climate Changes
129. In general, in the territory of Kyrgyzstan for the period 1976-2014 an increase in the annual air temperature at a rate of 0.18 ° C for every 10 years (linear trend estimate) has been observed. The highest temperature increases of 0.3-0.4 ° C is noted in the valleys of the Chui, Jalal-Abad, Osh and Talas regions. Therefore, the study area is probably among the Kyrgyz areas which experienced the highest temperature increase these last decades. 130. It is worth noting that the increase in air temperature is not the same for all seasons of the year and is not homogenous and constant in time (see Figure below for Jalalabad). Several cycles of change can be distinguished: ▪ Slight fall in temperature from 1976 until the end of the 1980s; ▪ Intense rise of temperatures since the late 80s until the early 2000s; ▪ Stabilization of temperature rise with a slight cooling trend since the early 2000s until now.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 55
Figure 29: Trends in average annual temperature in Jalalabad
Note: the black line is a linear approximation of the trend by the least square’s method, the green line is the normal value of the annual air temperature for the base period, the red line is the curve of 11 -year moving averages.
131. The observed slowdown in the rise of the average annual air temperature with a slight cooling trend can be explained by the increased frequency of anomalously cold winters, more precisely, by the increase in the duration of frosty days in certain months, the temperature of which affects the average annual value. Thus, in January-February 2008, February 2012, there were steady frosts more than 7 days, in February-2014 - during 18 days [29]. 132. Table 14 shows the climate current conditions in the Pravaya-Vetka area and the expected climate changes by 2050 for RCP 8.5 pathways (RCP 4.5 pathways within the bracket). The future projections are based on four of the best performing state-of-the-art ESMs (namely, MPI-ESM-MR model from Germany, MIROC-ESM from Japan, GFDL-CM3 model from USA and ACCESS1 model from Australia) over Central Asia region. 133. According to these projections, an annual mean rise in temperature of 4°C is expected by 2050 for the most pessimistic scenario (RCP 8.5), compared to the baseline period of 1961–1990. Peak warming of close to 5°C is projected in the August and September months (close to 2°C in August and September months under RCP 4.5 pathway). 134. On an annual mean basis, a 17% increase in precipitation is likely (41% under RCP 4.5 pathway) with peak precipitation increase in the month of December. A decline in summer precipitation (-10% during July month) combined with air temperature rise of 5°C can have serious implications for a rapid soil moisture depletion thus leading to drought conditions. However, precipitation is projected to increase in all months under RCP 4.5 pathway which could offset the impact of modest surface warming on soil moisture. 135. No significant changes are projected in the number of hot (~15 days in a year) or dry (~21 days in a year) days at this site by 2050s. The frequency of dry days affects regional hydrology and ecosystems and potentially influences agriculture. Future changes in the number of dry days per year can either reinforce or counteract projected increases in daily precipitation intensity as the climate warms. 136. However, on an annual basis, additional 40 days are likely as frost fee days mostly during late autumn and winter months by 2050s. This would mean that the snow melt could start early and be more pronounced in a warmer atmosphere. The longer the time without frost, the longer would be the growing season. While this may seem good — more time should lead to a larger crop yield — it could possibly have detrimental effects on the crops as warmer weather helps pests survive longer which can wreak havoc on crops.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 56
Table 14: Pravaya-Vetka area climate conditions and projected climate changes
Selected
Climate
Variables
January February March April May June July August September October November December Maximum Temperature, -3.4 -1.6 5.7 14.5 19.5 24.6 27.4 26.2 21.3 13.4 5.3 -0.7 oC Minimum Temperature, -13.1 -11.3 -4.3 3.0 6.9 10.5 12.6 11.0 6.1 0.4 -5.3 -9.7 oC Precipitation (mm/month) 36.6 41.2 62.5 74.0 67.0 36.0 16.2 7.0 9.0 45.0 42.3 37.0 Number of wet days 12 13 17 18 19 15 8 2 0 10 12 12 Projected 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.2 5.0 4.9 4.0 3.5 4.2 change in (1.2) (0.7) (0.1) (1.0) (0.8) (0.1) (0.8) (2.3) (1.9) (1.2) (0.2) (0.7) temperature Projected change in 40 8 56 7 -6 -5 -10 1 13 -4 61 42 precipitation (76) (44) (34) (33) (14) (22) (27) (77) (16) (24) (61) (63) (%) Change in hot 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 days (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) Change in dry 2 3 1 1 3 2 2 0 0 3 2 2 days (0) (0) (0) (0) (1) (0) (1) (1) (0) (2) (0) (-1) Change in -3 -6 -10 -1 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -9 -9 frost days (-2) (-3) (-7) (-1) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (-2) (-8) (-6) Change in peak 6 10 30 5 21 26 55 -34 -12 83 52 8 precipitation (10) (32) (-2) (-11) (36) (17) (18) (-21) (16) (68) (50) (20) intensity (%) Change in 1 0 2 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 1 1 number of wet (3) (2) (3) (2) (1) (2) (2) (0) (0) (1) (3) (4) days Note: The top four rows present day values averaged over 625 square kilometers area from the center of the site on google earth. The numbers from fifth row until all rows below are changes by 2050s for RCP 8.5 pathways (RCP 4.5 pathways within the bracket).
137. No significant change (an increase of just 3 days under RCP 8.5 pathway but could be as many as 23 days in a year under RCP 4.5 pathway) is likely in the number of wet days for this site by 2050s. 138. Future increases in peak precipitation intensity are expected to be an important aspect of climate change, since warming will tend to accelerate the overall hydrological cycle, intensifying the wet extremes. A decline of 34% in peak precipitation intensity during August but an increase in peak precipitation intensity of 55% in July and 83% in October month is plausible by 2050s at this site under RCP 8.5 pathway meaning thereby that more intense spells of rainfall are projected at this site. Under RCP 4.5 pathway, May, October and November months may experience heavy spells of daily rainfall (36% to 68% increase in peak intensity) by 2050s. 139. Future increases in peak precipitation intensity are expected to be an important aspect of climate change, since warming will tend to accelerate the overall hydrological cycle, intensifying the wet extremes. An increase in peak precipitation intensity peaking up to 83% in October month plausible by 2050s suggest that more intense spells of daily snowfall/rainfall are projected at this site thus creating more flash flood and mudflow conditions. Under RCP 4.5 pathway, April and October months may experience heavy spells of daily rainfall (30% to 40% increase in peak intensity) by 2050s. As precipitation expected to fall in more intense spells across this site, situations could be favorable for occurrence of floods / flash floods and mudflows.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 57
IV.1.3. Air Quality
140. Observations of air pollution in cities of the Kyrgyz Republic are carried out by the Agency for Hydrometeorology under the Ministry of Emergency Situations (Kyrgyzhydromet). Monitoring of the quality of air is conducted in 5 cities of the Kyrgyz Republic, where about 64% of the urban population reside. Monitoring is carried out at 14 stationary posts/sites of Air Pollution Observation Station: Bishkek – at 7, Kara-Balta – at 2, Osh – at 1, Tokmok – at 2, Cholpon-Ata –at 2. 141. There is no air quality record in the subproject area, and the surveys implemented in Jalalabad city are not representative of the study area. Given that there are no stationary sources of pollution in the study area and limited road traffic, it is assumed that the air quality is good, except in close vicinity of the main roads. Phytosanitary products are probably the main cause of atmospheric pollution in the Pravaya-Vetka area.
IV.1.4. Topography, Geology and Soils
142. Kyrgyzstan is a very mountainous country. The Pravaya-Vetka study area lies at the foothill of the Fergana range, in the northeastern part of the Fergana valley. Its altitude varies between 830 m at the main canal water intake and 600 m at the downstream part of the irrigation system. 143. The composition of rocks that form the Fergana Valley is complex and diverse, It has a mosaic character in the form of various spots and stripes of rocks. The geological structure of the Fergana depression involves sediments of all ages (from Paleozoic to modern Quaternary). The most ancient Paleozoic formations appear in the highlands and high foothills; with a decrease in altitude, the change of ancient rocks to younger ones is observed. Cretaceous/chalk deposits are found in all foothills. Genesis distinguishes two types: continental formations (lower, up to 1000 m thick), consisting mainly of red-sandstone and conglomerates, and marine (upper, thickness up to 500 m), composed of limestones, marls and sandstones. Figure 30: Kyrgyzstan topographic map
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 58
144. In addition to the various rocks that create a layered nature/feature of the geological structure of the Fergana Valley, the intrusive magmatic formations of the Carboniferous and Permian are widely distributed in the form of large massifs in the Mogoltau, Kuramin, Alai and partly Turkestan ranges. Granitoid intrusions are strongly disturbed by tectonic cracks. The effusive rocks are formed on the most part of the Kuraminskii, Chatkalskii, Alaiskii and Turkestanskii ranges and the Mogoltau Mountains. The cleavage/rock jointing in them is poorly developed (Mavlyanov, 1972). Effusive and intrusive rocks are now exposed to strong weathering and are destroyed. As a result, formations of eluvial and deluvial trails are formed. The younger sediments - Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene, were the main base for the formation of Loess and other fine-grained Quaternary rocks. The role of red-brown clay chalk and Neogene clay in the emergence of modern landslides, which are widely evolved on the slopes of river valleys, is especially great. 145. In intermountain spaces of the Fergana Valley, landscapes of alluvial-proluvial plains are formed, composed of loams, gravel-pebble deposits, with ephemeroid-absinthial vegetation on typical sierozem (gray soil). Because of irrigation and reclamation and a decrease in the quality of the initial properties of soils/soil characteristic, the transformation of natural landscapes into natural- anthropogenic landscapes of irrigated agriculture has occurred [20]. Figure 31: This gully in the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation area shows loams and gravel-pebble deposits
IV.1.5. Surface Water
146. The Study area is located inside the Kara-Unkur-Sai river basin. This transboundary river with Uzbekistan has a catchment area of 4,130 km2 for a total length of 126 km. It is a tributary of the Kara-Darya River. It belongs to a group of rivers fed by glacier and snow, which is supplemented by numerous tributaries of spring-and-saz (marshy, moist) origin. Such rivers are characterized by the predominance/prevalence of low water temperatures, oxygen supersaturation, the enormous mechanical power of the flow, the mobility/plasticity of the ground of the bottom/bed, sharp fluctuations in the volume of seasonal, annual and daily runoff. The velocity of the flow/stream is usually considerable, it decreases in open valley and often the water is saturated with solid suspended sediments.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 59
147. A small tributary of the Kara-Unkur-Sai River, the Shaidan River, crosses the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system. The river is of snow-glacier supply. Its waterhead begins from the north-western range of Babash-Ata. The total length is 30 km, the total area of the basin is 131 km², with an average elevation of 2,070 m above sea level. It has about 10 small inflows. The hydrological situation on the Shaidan River is relatively well known, but there are no observations of solid runoff, mineralization, chemical composition of waters, etc. The river belongs to the category of snow- glacial feeding, the main source of which is the thawed waters of seasonal snows and glaciers. In the annual river runoff, three main phase-homogeneous periods can be distinguished: ▪ Snow flood, formed mainly by meltwater seasonal snow lower and middle tiers of the mountains, the volume of high water is well correlated with the amount of precipitation in the previous autumn-winter period. The beginning of the flood is determined by the onset of stable positive air temperatures. The time limits of the snow flood are March-June. During this period, the maximum water consumption is also noted, the average monthly flow rate of the snow flood period reaches Q=3.81 -7.0 m³/s and above. The rise of the flood wave is intense and takes a shorter period compared to the wave of decline of the flood. ▪ Snow-glacial flood, formed mainly by melt waters of high-mountain snow, snowfields and glaciers. This period falls on the hottest period of the year, falls on July-August and is much weaker than the period of snow flood, because there are no glaciers in the pool. ▪ Autumn-winter lowland, when the river is fed by waters accumulated by the active surface of the catchment, i.e., groundwater, flow rates vary from Q=0.71 m3/s and below. This period is characterized by low flows, which gradually decrease by the beginning of the flood period, and the absence of daily fluctuations in flow. The autumn-winter low-water period lasts from September to February. 148. To illustrate the foregoing, Fig. 22 presents the hydrographs of the Shaidan River for years of different water hydrology - high water (1949), medium (1977) and low water (1939). The average yearly flow rate is about 2 m³/s. In 1954 the Shaidan River had an outstanding maximum flow rate, equal to Qmax=53.2 m³/s, which was practically repeated in 1999 (53.0 m³/s), and is assumed to be a 50 years frequency. Figure 32: Hydrographs of the river Shaidan, in the village of Shaidan
8
7
6
5 1949 4 1939 3 1977 2
1
0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
149. The maximum observed value of turbidity on the Kara-Unkur-Sai River amounted to 20 kg/m³ and was recorded on 10.04.1969. The average annual turbidity is 3.9 kg/m³. 150. Upstream the Pravaya Vetka water intake, the catchment area shows some rural settlements (Besh- Badam, Kyrgyz-Gava, Kyrgoo, Chkalov, Charbak, etc.) and agricultural areas alongside the Kara- Unkur-Sai river. These small villages are not equipped with municipal wastewater treatment plants nor sewerage system, so each household has a cesspool. There is no direct wastewater discharge into the river. There is no industrial activity. The main sources of pollution of the surface water are the nutriments and pesticides used in agriculture. Due to the low agricultural activity in the upper part of the basin, this source of pollution is not considered as significant.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 60
IV.1.6. Groundwater
151. Groundwater plays an important role in the formation of physical and geographical processes within the valley. Groundwater and surface water draining/flowing from mountain ridges, atmospheric precipitation, condensation water of the air, water from deep horizons/levels of the ground, infiltration waters from fields and canals serve as sources of groundwater feeding/nourishment. The short rivers of the Turkestan and Alai ranges, which do not carry their waters to the Syr-Darya, replenish the reserves of groundwater. The ground flow from the mountains to the Fergana Valley is estimated at about 3 cubic km / year (Kritsky, Menckel, 1961). 152. Groundwater is the main factor of salt accumulation in soils and undersoil of low-drainage and drainless depressions. It is understood that there is no salinization issue in the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system. However, the spread of salinization processes in territories classified as second type, where water scarcity is not observed, can occur because of the following factors: ▪ Low efficiency of collector-drainage systems: the lack of significant investments in maintaining the existing collector-drainage network and the associated ineffective draining lead to activation of salinity, especially in irrigated landscapes of cones of alluvial fan and ancient alluvial plains in areas of difficult outflow of groundwater. ▪ Excessive water consumption in the fields during its ineffective redistribution: the violation of irrigation and irrigation norms, the values of which exceed the actual needs of the territory in irrigation, leads to an increase in the level of groundwater not drained from the fields, which causes under-flooding and activates the processes of salinization.
IV.2. Biological environment
IV.2.1. The Aquatic Environment
IV.2.1.1. General Background 153. The Kara-Unkur-Sai River feeds mainly on melt waters of seasonal snows forming spring floods and on melt waters of high-mountain snows and glaciers that provide the main runoff in the second half of summer. According to the character of the intra-annual runoff distribution, the river belongs to the so-called "Tien-Shan" type, since they have flooding in the warm (vegetative) period of the year and low-water level in the cold season. According to literature data (Turdakov, 1963) in the Kara-Unkur- Sai River cold-loving/cold water, resistant to harsh external factors fish can be found: common marinka, scaleless osman, trout, Turkestanskii catfish, Tibetan char (31). 154. All aquatic habitats are of ecological importance as habitats of a peculiar Highland Asiatic fish fauna and many invertebrate animals. The Kara-Unkur-Sai River is inhabited by common plant (periphyton) and animal communities, which are exceptionally resistant to severe and constantly changing external factors. The organisms living here are either widespread, or endemic and subendemic to the Central Asian region. 155. Larvae of amphibiotic insects - dayfly, caddis flies/worms, two-winged flies/diptera, as well as crustaceans and truly aquatic organisms - worms, represent the invertebrate fauna and accordingly it is present in the studied Pravaya Vetka subproject area. 156. Illustrations of the main animal and vegetal species characteristics of the Project site are shown in Appendix 2. IV.2.1.2. Characteristics of the Ichthyofauna 157. From the biological point of view, the streams of the study area are mainly low-level water bodies with relatively poor species composition. The fish community (ichthyocenosis) is almost exclusively formed of representatives of Highland Asiatic fish. They are home to some endemic species of fish, which gives them global importance. The bed of the rivers, as an ecosystem includes several habitats: rocky and pebble (rifts), sandbanks (backwaters) and conventional deep part of the river with pits and gullies. Each of them is characterized by a specific set of abiotic factors (flow rate, transparency, turbidity level, thermal and oxygen regimes, etc.). 158. Most of the species of the studied streams are ordinary population of mountain and foothill areas. However, these fish species are not simultaneously found in the same ichthyocenosis (Turdakov, 1963). In the basin of the Kara-Darya river (which includes the Kara-Unkur-Sai River) and in other studied watercourses there are 11 inventoried species of fish: (i) Kuschakewitsch loach (Nemachilus kuschakewischi 1890); (ii) Severtsev osman (Diptychus sewezovi Kessler.1872);
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 61
(iii) Marinka (Schizothorax intermedius Mc Clelland,1842); (iv) Turkestan sculpin (Cottus spinulosus Kessler 1916); (v) Turkestan catfish (Glyptosternum reticulatum Mc Clelland); (vi) Riffle minnow (Alburnoides taeniatus Kessler); (vii) Turkestan gudgeon (Gobio lepidolaemus Kessler.1905); (viii) Aral spined loach (Cobitis aurata aralensis Kessler 1936); (ix) Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.); (x) Turkestan barbel (Barbus capito conocephalus Kessler.1872); (xi) Catfish, Silurus glanis 1852. (rare) (xii) and perhaps other species of fish. 159. The most common fish are catfish, marinka, and barbel carp: (i) Marinka (Latin: Schizothorax). Ecological form of large fishes, entering the lakes. Length up to 100 cm and weight up to 12 kg. It feeds on aquatic vegetation insignificantly, larvae and imago insects, fish. Among the victims are predominantly Noemacheilus loaches. Large specimens are typical predators. The rate of growth, slowed down in the first years, with the transition to a predatory way of life greatly increases. Life expectancy up to 17-19 years. It is not numerous. The reasons are regulation of flows, poaching and acclimatization of predatory fish species, primarily pike perch and catfish. In the river and canal during intensive irrigation or flooding of the river, the population uncontrolledly catches it. (ii) Sazan or wild common carp (Latin Cyprinus carpio). In the Syrdarya river basin, the Aralskii carp - an omnivorous fish that can change the food spectrum depending on the condition of the food resources of the reservoir. However, its favorite food in most reservoirs is animal, most often, maggot and, primarily, chironomids.The cultural form of sazan - carp - for many years was the only object of pond fish culture, and probably will maintain its leading position here in the future. Until recent times, carp was one of the many freshwaters and brackish-water fishes in the republic, being the basis of the fishery. According to IBAT This species is considered to be critically endangered according to the results of IBAT Freshwater Report, 2020. (iii) Common catfish (Silurus glanis Raf). Currently, there are species not more than 2.5 m in length and weighing 150 kg at the age of up to 30 years, the average size in most reservoirs is 70-150 cm and 5-50 kg at the age of 15 years. Food of young catfishes are myzids, larvae of chironomids, stoneflies, water bugs and beetles, leeches, mollusks, tadpoles/frog larva, as well as larvae and baby fishes. Valuable commercial species. Because of intensive fishing and poaching, the number of catfish has decreased everywhere, in most reservoirs it has become rare. 160. As reported (Turdakov, 1963), aboriginal species of cryophile and rough factor-resistant fish can be found in the Karaunkursay River: common marinka, trout, scaleless osman, Turkestan catfish, Tibetan char.
Marinka (Schizothorax) Rainbow trout (Parasalmo mykiss)
Scaleless osman (Gymnodiptychus Tibetan char (Noemacheilus stoliczkai) dybovskii)
161. Glyptosternum reticulatum McClelland – Turkestan catfish is included in the Kyrgyzstan Red Book (second edition, 2007), (RGKR dated April 28, 2005 N 170 (Amend. by RGKR dated July 25, 2009 N 471). This area and foothill rivers and canals can be a fish spawning area.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 62
Glyptosternum reticulatum McClelland
162. According to the Kyrgyz Government’s Resolution dated September 7, 2009, No. 561 "On fisheries development and natural and artificial water reservoirs use in the Kyrgyz Republic" (Amend. by RGKR dated February 19, 2019 No. 67) all rivers feeding the surveyed canals are classified as fisheries class (table in Resolution of GKR where the feeding rivers or tributaries are listed).
Kara Darya River Basin 3.67 Kara Darya River 3.68 Tar 3.69 Karakuldja 3.70 Yassy 3.71 Kurshab (Gulcha) 3.72 Kara-Ungur 3.73 Arslanbob Spring 3.74 Mayli-Say River 3.75 Ak-Bura 3.76 Kyrk-Kichik 3.77 Chili-Sai 3.78 Kyrgyzata 3.79 Kotchan 3.80 Abshir-Say 3.81 Kyzyl-Ungur 3.82 Aravan-Say
163. The surface water resources of Kyrgyz Republic inhabits not only representative of mountain soms - Turkestan catfish (Glyptosternum reticulatum), but also the upper reaches of such large rivers as Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Hind and Tarim. The Shaydan-Sai and Kara-Uncursai rivers belong to the Kara-Darya River basin, and the Turkestan catfish lives in the waters of these rivers. 164. Turkestan catfish species was introduced in the Red Book in Soviet times and is consistently included in the new editions of the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. The status of the species in the National Red Book is reported as rare and endangered species. It is endangered in the territories and in the natural habitat located near the project zone. The view inhabits water with a temperature of 12...24 °C, pH about 7.0 and a rigid depth range to 20 degrees, i.e., it is widespread, but less. The object of amateur fishing, especially in the south, for example on the Ak-Bura river, pecks at any nozzle of animal origin. The object of amateur fishing, especially in the south, for example on the Ak-Bura river, pecks at any nozzle of animal origin.
A view of Turkestan catfish from fish base View of head of Turkestan catfish
165. The species is considered during the preparation of draft IEE as a suspected target of influence in the rehabilitation of the canal, a working group has visited the site and indicated that the local residents were catching fishes in the waters of the canal.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 63
166. IBAT tool used for the assessment of the existence of threatened and migratory fish species on the coordinate of the project location of (41.1 North, 72.7 East). Sub basin, upstream and downstream basins have been taken into account the during the evaluation for a buffer of 50 km, 100 km and 150 km. The subbasin of the study area is given Figure 33. Noting that freshwater report could not locate any upstream basins for the project location. Figure 33: Sub basin illustration of Project Location
Location:(41.1 N, 72.7 E)
Source: Freshwater Report, 2020
167. According to the report (IBAT Freshwater Report, 2020) results for this evaluation for threatened species (CR+EN+VU) three fishes are considered to have vulnerable protection status according to IUCN. These vulnerable fish species have been listed in Table 15. The wild common carp and Aral barbel are considered to be found in sub basin and downstream basins of a buffer of 50 km, 100 km and 150 km. Bulatmai barbel is found only downstream basins of a buffer of 150 km. IBAT Freshwater Report also indicated that the migratory species in subbasin and downstream basins exists as given at Table 16. At this table six fish species and flying insect species. Mesopotamian Asp and Pike-perch are considered to be found in sub basin and downstream basins of a buffer of 50 km, 100 km and 150 km. Table 15: Threatened species (CR+EN+VU) in subbasins and downstream basins of project
location
Species in DS (km)
≤50 ≤100 ≤150 150≥ Species Name Common Name Taxonomic Group IUCN Category Population Trend Biome Sitesub basin Wild Cyprinus Common Fishes VU Unknown FW + + + + + carpio Carp Luciobarbus Aral brachyceph Fishes VU Decreasing FW + + + + + Barbel* alus* Luciobarbus Bulatmai Fishes VU Decreasing FV + capito barbel FW: Freshwater, VU: Vulnerable, EN: Endangered, CR: Critical, DS: Downstream *: Included in Red Book of Kyrgyzstan Republic Source: Freshwater Report, 2020
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 64
Table 16: Migratory species in subbasins and downstream basins of project location
Species in DS (km)
basin
Site sub Sitesub
≤50 ≤100 ≤150 150≥ Species Name Common Name Taxonomic Group IUCN Category Movement Pattern Mesopota Leuciscus LC or Full mian Fishes + + + + + aspius LR/lc Migrant Asp Pelecus LC or Full Sichel Fishes + cultratus LR/lc Migrant LC or Full Rutilus Roach Fishes + LR/lc Migrant Sander LC or Full Pike-perch Fishes + + + + + lucioperca LR/lc Migrant LC or Full Ballerus sapa Fishes + LR/lc Migrant Abramis LC or Full Bream Fishes + brama LR/lc Migrant Sympecma Odonat LC or Altitudinal - + + + gobica es LR/lc Mig LC: Least Critical, LR/lc: Least Concern, DS: Downstream Source: Freshwater Report, 2020 IV.2.1.3. Fishery 168. The Kara-Darya river basin, which includes the Kara-Unkur-Sai River, according to the list of natural reservoirs and reservoirs of the Kyrgyz Republic approved by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic dated September 7, 2009, No. 561, is considered to be a reservoir for fishery development and use for fish farming, fishery and aquaculture. 169. According to surveys (polls), the local population is engaged in fishing during the irrigation and lowering of the level of ponds and reservoirs during the watering period or water drain. During the time of draining or watering, these fish species enter the irrigation system after the outflowing water. 170. Illegal fishing during spawning is one of the causes of the decrease in the number of fish, together with the loss of natural habitats and pollution by chemicals and fertilizers. IV.2.1.4. The Shaidan River Ecosystem 171. A survey of the Ichthyofauna of the Shaidan River was performed in 2016. The characteristics of the site of the survey are: 7 km to the west from Seyit-Kazy, height 947 m above sea level (i.e., upstream the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system), channel width 6 meters, depth 35 cm, water flow velocity - 1.5 m/s, water temperature 13,5о С, рН 6,97, О2 -104,8 %, NAS KR 2016. The surveyed site has stony banks, the bottom ground is shingly with of mud-sand. The catching technique was a stake net size from 17 to 45 mm, with a float rod and straining network of 8 to 12 mm. Catching time: March 2016. 172. Members of 3 families and 3 species were caught: (i) Cobitidae Family – loaches, Nemachilus Class (ii) Nemachilus kushakewitschi Herzenstein species – Nemacheilus Hasselt. 54 specimens. (iii) Siluriformes group - catfish, Sisoridae Family – Turkestan catfish, (iv) Glyptosternum Class – Turkestan catfish, (v) Glyptosternum reticulatum McClelland species – Turkestan catfish, 3 specimens. (vi) Cyprinidae Family – carps, (vii) Schizothorax Class – marinka, (viii) Schizothorax intermedius Mc, Clelland species – marinka. 11 specimens.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 65
173. Of these fish species, Glyptosternum reticulatum McClelland - Turkestan catfish species is included in the Red Data Book of the Kyrgyz Republic (Government Resolution of the Kyrgyz Republic dated April 28, 2005 No.170 (amended by the Government Resolution of the KR dated July 25, 2009 No.471). This area of the Shaidansai River can serve for the spawning of the fish species presented here.
Figure 34: The Shaidan River
IV.2.2. The Terrestrial Environment
IV.2.2.1. Flora 174. Due to regional differences in climatic, geomorphological and hydrological conditions within the Fergana Valley, peculiar high altitudinal zonation of types of plant formations is found. The central part of the Fergana Valley is occupied by desert vegetation (psammophytic-shrub, halophytic, tugai, meadow-bog). On the slopes of the mountains, the desert type is replaced by a mountain semi- desert, which is changed to dry grassland/forb steppes. Approximately at an altitude of 1800-2000 m, tree-shrub vegetation is formed. Subalpine meadows and alpine heaths/wastelands follow (Arikhvanova, 1967). 175. In the different ridges surrounding the Fergana Valley, due to the heterogeneity of their geological history, climatic conditions and soils, significant differences are being observed. In the Kuraminskii ridge, xerophytic, semi-shrub and steppe-type vegetation are widespread. The foothills of the Fergana Range are very different from the foothills of the Kuraminskii and Chatkalskii ranges; the Maylisai, Uzgen and Jalalabad adyrs (related to central Asian relief/ terrain) are characterized by the lush development of ephemeral and wormwood vegetation with an admixture of cherry on stone ledges and rare pistachio bushes (Arikhvanova, 1967). The Fergana Range is characterized by a wide spread of adyrs in the upper belt of steppe associations, the basis of which is a bulbous barley. At an altitude of 1200-2500 m, meadows consisting of tall grasses/forbs and broad-leaved (walnut- fruit) forests are formed. Above, the subalpine geranium and onion meadows predominate. 176. Tugai forests on the plain/even land of the plain and the mountain forests of the Alai and Turkestan ranges are almost completely destroyed. The local population uses wood as a fuel, as well as for construction. Intensive deforestation leads to land degradation, increased aridity of the climate, and in the mountains to the likelihood of mudflows.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 66
177. In the floodplains of rivers, in the conditions of high summer temperatures, great dryness of air and abundant ground moistening a tugai-type vegetation is formed. The main components of tugai are constant for all river valleys of Central Asia. They have a long vegetation cycle, do not have a summer dormancy/rest and are characterized by peculiar signs of adaptation to temporary flooding and clogging of the soil surface (Arikhvanova, 1967). Tugai types of vegetation are very volatile and changeable. This depends on the frequent changes in the river bed and the deposition of new debris; on change of level, and with it on the depth of groundwater occurrence; and on human impact expressed in water discharges to unutilized areas. These debris are gradually overgrown with pioneer phytocenosis from cereals of various species (reed, foxtail/alopecurus, cattail, sugar cane). Simultaneously with the above-mentioned cereals, black poplar, willow, dzhida/oleaster/jujube and yulgun settle. If this area is constantly flooded during high floods, then develops a forest stand, consisting of turanga (Asiatic poplar), oleaster and willow. In general, wood tugai (riparian forest) are mixed, sometimes there are also pure thickets consisting of dzhida/oleaster/jujube, willow or turanga (Asiatic poplar). Usually, the latter occupies small areas, being located by narrow strips along the river banks. 178. If the deposit is flooded during small flood, and the water stagnates for a long time, then common meadow-marsh vegetation (reeds) develops in these areas, in this case the tree/woody species do not settle. Along the Pravaya Vetka irrigation canal, the following vegetation types are established. 179. Only cultivated vegetation grows on irrigated lands. In general, the construction and operation of the facility will not lead to a significant change in the vegetation types represented by plant species that adapted to constant anthropogenic impact. 180. IBAT tool used for the assessment of the IUCN Red List Plant Species on the coordinate of the project location of (41.1 North, 72.7 East). According to the report (IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Report, 2020) results for this evaluation there are no plant species could be located in the buffers of 1, 10 and 50 km of project locations (Figure 37). Table 17. Vegetation of the project area
Family Species Sedge family (Cyperáceae) Bulrush (Scírpus) Sedge (Cárex) Aster family (Asteráceae), or Composite Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) Tansy family (Compósitae) (Tanacétum vulgáre) Pea family (Fabaceae) Camel thorn (Alhagi) Honeysuckle Persian (Lonicera Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) nummulariifolia) Mulberry family (Moraceae) Mulberry, or mulberry-tree (Morus)
IV.2.2.2. Fauna 181. The invertebrate animals are represented by the larvae of amphibiotic insects - mayflies, caddis flies, dipterans, as well as crustaceans and truly aquatic organisms - worms (Naryn River). Among aquatic invertebrates, there are no species listed in the Red List of the Kyrgyz Republic [36]. As for the arachnids, there are scorpions, phalanges, tarantulas, karakurt. 182. As for the birds, the following ones are characteristic: eagles, hawks, starlings, hoopoes, larks, nightingales, orioles, doves, bee-eaters, and various species of ducks, pheasant in the floodplain of the rivers; and also rock partridges on mountain slopes.
Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 67
183. As for vertebrates, there are lizards, Central Asian tortoise, eared hedgehog, rodents.
Central Asian tortoise Eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus) (Testudo (Agrionemys) horsfieldii)
Gray rat (Rattus norvegicus) House mouse (Mus musculus)
184. Rare animals - wolf, fox, wild boar, badger, porcupine.
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) (Meles meles)
185. Rare and endangered species. We referred the following species to rare and endangered ones in the territory of consideration:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 68
1) One bird species, i.e., Central Asian subendemic - Syrdarya Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus turcestanicus Lorenz 1896 Syr Daria Pheasant). According to Genetic Fund Inventory of Kyrgyzstan published in 2015 (Volume 4, Biology and Soil Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic) the pheasant is marked as a subendemic (Area: Central Asia, Badakhshan, Kazakhstan south of 45 N, Kashgar and Xinjiang). It inhabits the floodplain thickets of the Syr Darya River right from the delta (including a number of the nearest Aral Sea islands) to the Fergana Valley, where it used to be ubiquitous, but now it is exterminated, apparently preserved in some places in the mountains bordering this valley from the east - in Jalalabad Oblast, Karadarya river basin. Previously, it penetrated in the eastern foothills of the Alai Ridge, rising along the valley of the Kurshab River to Gulcha (Source: http://www.egir.ru/bird/41.html).
The mentioned scientific sources reliably indicate the recent spread of this subspecies of the pheasant; however, its existence is currently impossible to confirm due to the absence of its occurrence during the surveys of the area in 2018-2019 and 2020. In connection with the above, if no registered occurrence and no taxon category identified, when the conservation status is not defined either by the IUCN list or by the Red List of the Kyrgyz Republic – then defined (Phasianus colchicus turcestanicus Lorenz 1896 Syr Daria Pheasant), as a vulnerable species within the areas and natural habitats located near the project zone. 2) One species of mammals - Indian porcupine (Hystrix indica) [36], species included in the list of rare and endangered species, for inclusion in the Red List of KR (RGKR No. 170 dated April 28, 2005, amended by RGKR No. 471 dated 25.07.2009). According to Genetic Fund Inventory of Kyrgyzstan published in 2015 (Volume 4, Biology and Soil Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic), porcupine is marked as a widespread specie and was discovered by A.I. Yanushevich et al. (1972. The Mammals of Kyrgyzstan. - F.: Ilim. - 464 e., 180 tab., 119 p. in the text) and V.G. Geptner, N.P. Naumov et al. (Rev.). The Mammals of Soviet Union. - М .: “Vysshaya Shkola” PH. - T. I (1961). - 736 elements. T. II, part 1 (1967). - 1022 elements; T. II, Ch. 2 (1972). - 542 elements; T. II, part 3 (1976). - 984 p.). The mentioned scientific sources indicate reliably the natural occurrence of this porcupine specie in the recent past, however its existence cannot be confirmed at present due to its non-occurrence during the area surveys in 2018-2019, 2020.
It was found that according to the IUCN List, the species belongs to a taxon with a Least Concern (LC) Conservation Status.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 69
The status of the species in the Red List of the Kyrgyz Republic is a rare and endangered species, which is endangered in the areas and in the natural habitat located near the project zone. In connection with the above, if no registered occurrence, but the taxon category and the conservation status to the IUCN list are determined, and the species is included in the Red List of the Kyrgyz Republic as a rare and endangered species - then defined (Hystrix indica) as a vulnerable species in the areas and in natural habitat located near the project zone. 186. Two following vulnerable species have been identified: Phasianus colchicus turcestanicus Lorenz 1896 Syr Daria Pheasant – a subendemic, marginal endangered species, and Hystrix indica with the status of “rare, endangered”, in protected areas and in natural habitat located near the project zone. 187. According to the Inventory [18] these animal species are identified as previously discovered in the project area and indicated on the attached schematic map with special zoogeographic zoning as SF/Sub-Fergan Kyrgyzstan, Figure 35, territory of tributaries of Syr Darya River (respectively, the artificial branching of irrigation canals as well). 188. Confirmed types of anthropogenic threats to endangered species (or vulnerable species) are not directly related to any type of linear infrastructure development (construction or rehabilitation of the canal). The preliminary conclusion is as follows: the activities envisaged by the project will have a limited impact on the above species and habitats, since the presence of these sensitive animals in the anthropogenic agricultural environment of irrigation fields and irrigation facilities is unlikely. 189. Any seasonal migration paths, habitat and rest places, migrating birds and mammals was not found in the location area. In general, facility construction and operation will not lead to a significant change in the natural landscape species populations, both mammals and birds, and etc., which are mainly represented by background species, and will not significantly affect the state of the natural landscape populations which are ecologically flexible and change their habitats for another areas. Figure 35. Schematic map of the spread of rare species within the project area
Source: I.P. Sosnovskii, 1987
190. IBAT tool used for the assessment of the IUCN Red List Animal Species on the coordinate of the project location of (41.1 North, 72.7 East). According to the report (IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Report, 2020) results for this evaluation seven animal species are potentially found within 50km of the area of interest (Figure 37). Six of these species which all of them belong to the birds (aves taxonomic group) are IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (CR & EN) as listed in Table 18 and one of them is Restricted Range Species from amphibian taxonomic group as given at Table 19.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 70
Table 18: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Species Common Taxonomic IUCN Population Biome Name Name Group Category Trend Vanellus Sociable AVES CR Decreasing Terrestrial gregarius Lapwing
White Oxyura Terrestrial, headed AVES EN Decreasing leucocephala Freshwater Duck
Haliaeetus Pallas's Fish Terrestrial, AVES EN Decreasing leucoryphus eagle Freshwater
Neophron Egyptian Terrestrial, AVES EN Decreasing percnopterus Vulture Freshwater
Aquila Steppe AVES EN Decreasing Terrestrial nipalensis Eagle
Saker Terrestrial, Marine, Falco cherrug AVES EN Decreasing Falcon Freshwater Source: (IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Report, 2020)
Table 19: Restricted Range Species Species Common Taxonomic IUCN Population Biome Name Name Group Category Trend Hynobius Turkestanian Terrestrial, AMPHIBIA DD Unknown turkestanicus Salamander Freshwater Source: (IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Report, 2020)
IV.2.3. Protected Areas
191. There are two protected areas in the Jalal-Abad oblast (see Table below). However, there is no protected natural areas in the Nooken district. Table 20: Data on the state nature reserves of the Kyrgyz Republic in Jalal-Abad oblast Name Act and date of Location The objective and focus Area, ha establishment of core activity Dashmanskii Resolution of the Jalal-Abad oblast, Conservation of 7958,1 Government of the rayon (district) biodiversity and unique Kyrgyz Republic of 12 Bazar-Korgon relict/old-growth forests July 2012
Padyshatinskii Resolution of the Jalal-Abad oblast, Preservation of the 30560 Government of the KR rayon (district) Ak- population of Semenov of 03 July 2003 No. 405 Syi fir and archa (juniper) forests of the Western Tien Shan
Source: State Agency for Environmental and Forestry Protection under Government of the Kyrgyz Republic [29].
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 71
Figure 36: Map of the protected areas in Kyrgyzstan
Pravaya-Vetka Irrigation System
Source: World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA, 2020)
192. IBAT tool used for the assessment of the designated areas based on the coordinate of the project location of (41.1 North, 72.7 East). According to the report (IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Report, 2020) results for this evaluation there are no either protected nor key biodiversity areas could be located in the buffers of 1, 10 and 50 km of project locations (Figure 37). Figure 37: Displaying project location and buffers: 1 km, 10 km, 50 km
Source: IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Report, 2020 Location:(41.1 N, 72.7 E)
IV.2.4. Conclusion
193. The fauna and flora in the irrigation system area is poor, and is represented mainly by species of the so-called "cultural landscape" (i.e., common species of large distribution areas). The habitats of notable species of mammals and birds are located at a safe distance from settlements and agricultural lands. The Shaidan river has no specific protection status, but it hosts a fish listed in the Kyrgyz Red Book of rare or endangered species, the Turkestan catfish. However, the habitat and movements of this species will be affected during a very short period (construction works) and on much localized areas.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 72
IV.3. Human environment
IV.3.1. Administrative Context
194. Jalal-Abad Oblast (region) (in Kyrgyz language - Jalalabat oblusu) is one of the administrative- territorial units of the Kyrgyz Republic located in the south-west of the country. Formed by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on November 21, 1939. The administrative center of the region is the city Jalal-Abad. The population is 1 036 700 people (2011). In terms of ethno-cultural and economic view, the region together with the neighboring Osh and Batken provinces (oblasts) is part of Southern Kyrgyzstan. It is the second biggest in population (1 146 500 people as of January 1, 2016) and the third by area (33,700 km2) region of the republic. Figure 38: Map of the Jalal-Abad Oblast
Source: PIC, December 2020
195. Within the Jalal-Abad Oblast, the Pravaya-Vetka Subproject is located in the Nooken rayon (district) (in Kyrgyz Nooken rayon), founded in 1935. The administrative center is the village of Massy (16,689 inhabitants). The Nooken rayon includes 8 ayilnyi (rural) okrugs (districts/community district) (ayil okmotu in Kyrgyz language): (i) Aralskii ayilnyi okrug — village Aral (ii) Byurgendinskii ayilnyi okrug — village Byurgendi (iii) Dostukskii ayilnyi okrug — village Shamaldy-Sai (iv) Massynskii ayilnyi okrug — village Massy (v) Mombekovskii ayilnyi okrug — village Mombekovo (vi) Nookenskii ayilnyi okrug — village Kurulush (vii) Sakaldinskii ayilnyi okrug — village Sakaldy (viii) Shaidanskii ayilnyi okrug — village Alma
IV.3.2. Population
196. According to the census of the population (2009), the Kyrgyz people make up 81,192 people out of 117,055 residents of the Nooken district (or 69.4%), Uzbeks - 32 702 people or 27.9%, Uygurs/Uyghur - 1181 people or 1.0%, Tajiks - 456 people or 0.4 %, Russians - 375 people or 0.3%, Tatars - 313 people or 0.3%, Turks - 309 people or 0.3%. 197. Because of the high population density, the Fergana Valley is raising critical questions about lack of resources, primarily land and water resources. The demographic issue is one of the main reasons for the instability in Fergana. A large population when combined with a shortage of jobs and a lack of economic prospects leads to migration of people from disadvantaged areas (often arid, mountainous or irrigated areas with a high population density) to large urban centers and less populated rural areas. Migrants from the villages flock to Osh and Jalal-Abad (the largest industrial centers) and the surrounding areas. Overcrowding leads to a reduction in the area of fertile agricultural land per capita and further depletion of mountain areas, which directly affects the standard of living.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 73
Figure 39: Distribution of the population of the Fergana Valley (Denisov, 2005)
198. The sociological profile of the beneficiaries of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject is shown in the table below: Table 21: Baseline information on the beneficiaries of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject Basic data about population: Aral ayil okmotu Nooken ayil Sakaldy ayil (rural council) okmotu okmotu Population (2017) 6 510 15 805 17 185 Growth rate per year: Will be provided
Composed Age/gender: 0-16 years (F) 1 052 2 691 2 263 of: 0-16 years (M) 1 007 2 389 2 363 16-60 years (F) 1 990 4 800 5 343 16-62 years (M) 2 064 5 210 5 656 60 years + (F) 265 350 542 62 years + (M) 132 365 314 Ethnic origin: Kyrgyz 56.5% 86,4% 75%
Uzbek 31.3% 10,43% 21% other 12.2% 3,2% 4% Gender: male 3 203 7 959 8 701 female 3 307 7 846 8 484 Household Number: 1 081 2 840 3 049 (2017):
Average number of 6 5.6 5.6 household members: Gender of the head of household:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 74
Basic data about population: Aral ayil okmotu Nooken ayil Sakaldy ayil (rural council) okmotu okmotu One person: Mortality: The mortality rate 12.5 (per 1,000 persons of population): (State level, 2016) Infant mortality rate 165,7 per 10 000 newborns: (State level, 2016)
Maternal mortality: 48 (State level, 2016)
Marriage: Average age at (18 years in marriage (marriages accordance with registered in the law): district office of civil registration): Divorce: One person per category: (widows / widows / widows / widows / widowers, unmarried, abandoned / Widowers: Widowers: Widowers: divorced persons-by gender): divorced: divorced: divorced: unmarried: unmarried: unmarried: divorced / divorced / divorced / abandoned: abandoned: abandoned: Divorce rate: National level In rural areas, for 1,000 marriages up to 120 divorces per year
Source: Egis’ survey, 2018
IV.3.3. Land Management and Activities
199. The overwhelming majority of the population is engaged in agriculture. The total area of agricultural land in the district is 40,868 ha. The total area of arable land is 18,985, 95% of which is irrigated. There are 4,795 farmer and peasant households, 6 enterprises for processing agricultural products, 83 agricultural cooperatives, and 4 credit unions.
Figure 40: Farmers in the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system
200. Because of the frozen winter there is only a single main Kyrgyz cropping season.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 75
Figure 41: Present Pravaya Vetka cropping pattern Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Lucerne Cotton Corn Wheat
201. According to Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system farmers, the main agricultural production constraint is the shortage of water, particularly in the summer dry season from July to September inclusive. Therefore: (i) Pasture (lucerne) for livestock is a critical crop as it is a perennial; (ii) Cotton is also a critical crop as its growing season extends until the end of September; (iii) Corn is an intermediate crop as its growing season extends until the end of August; (iv) Winter wheat is not a critical crop, as its growing season does not extend into summer. 202. Physical water losses are generally highest at farmer field-level, decrease in tertiary and secondary canals and are lowest in main canals. Therefore, in well-operated irrigation systems, application efficiencies are the most important and tertiary irrigation efficiencies are next.
IV.3.4. Infrastructure and Public Facilities
203. Since the Soviet period, the villages are equipped with water supply and sewerage systems. There are 27 health facilities in the district, including 2 hospitals. The educational background shows 29 pre-school institutions, 55 general-education schools (including 43 high schools), 3 vocational colleges, and 2 secondary specialized educational institutions.
IV.3.5. Historical, Archaeological, Paleontological or Architectural Monuments
204. The Jalal-Abad Oblast is located on one of the historical Silk Roads, showing the Cultural Landscape of Safid Bulan. This site is located on the northeastern end of Safid-Bulan village (Ak-Korgon administration of Ala-Buka district of Jalal-Abad oblast), on the border with the Namangan area of Uzbekistan, at the foot of Archa-Mazar mountain, 100 km West of the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system. It is connected with the branch of the Silk Road serving the northeast of Fergana in antiquity and the Middle Ages. It includes sacral complex consisting of constructions of various chronological periods standing on a medieval Mazar site, natural sacral components and rich intangible heritage in the form of legends, rituals and practice of sacrifices. In the Nooken district, no site or monument of specific interest has been inventoried. 205. Archaeological sites constitute holistic archaeological complexes. Archaeological complexes are organically incorporated into a holistic historical and cultural space or cultural landscapes. Historical and cultural space is a natural environment with its geographical, geological, geophysical characteristics, with a number of natural phenomena, which had been filled with objects of material and spiritual human activity (petroglyphs, stone structures, mounds, etc.) and adapted for everyday life in accordance with human needs and views. The projected site doesn’t require additional researches since archaeological surveys were carried out during the Soviet period and archaeological sites and finds were registered and included in the State Protected Zone.
IV.4. Focus on the project components
206. The aim of the present section is to provide site-specific information about the main sensitive environmental receptors of the project components.
IV.4.1. Component 1- mudflow crossing structure No°1
207. The environmental setting of Mudflow Crossing Structure no°1 is shown on Figure 42. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: soils are highly erodible and a deeply incised gully developed north of the canal. The gully runs approximately 120 m to reach the irrigation canal. It becomes narrowed in its mid-section before widening out as it enters the irrigation canal. It is reported to flow once to several times per year. There is a significant drop in level from the top of the bank of the irrigation canal down to the river level.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 76
• Biological environment: though it is not a natural habitat, the canal hosts many fish species coming from the Kara-Unkur-Sai river. The farmers collect these fish after the irrigation season. The mud walls of the gully are used as nesting sites by common bird species including the European Roller (Coracias garrulus) and Common Mynah (Acridotheres tristis). The former species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN but was previously considered to be declining at a rate that warranted a Near Threatened status. A review of the rate of decline resulted in the reclassification to Least Concern. This species is migratory and declining in Europe but appears to have stable population numbers in Central Asia. The Common Mynah is non-native to the Kyrgyz Republic and is a highly invasive species. There is no biological or ecological issue likely to prevent the construction works, but particular attention has to be paid to water pollution prevention and causing minimal disturbance to the European Roller. • Human environment: a road runs alongside the valley. The original design of the road culverts has led to erosion of the soils and created the deeply incised cut. There are houses/farms present on both sides of the irrigation canal (5 houses are located within 100 m of the construction site); a barn is close to the gully. Land use within the area is small scale agricultural production with the land south of the main irrigation canal being in use primarily for rice production. Two farmers are likely to be affected by the subproject component. Their farms cover a total surface area of 3.5 ha. The lands were transferred by the local authorities of the Kenesh ayil okmotu for use to the two local farmers on a free basis for land development. There are 6 persons in each household. Both households have additional sources of income such as providing temporary services for building and repairing buildings and private business management. Both farms breed cows and sheep. A small area of uncultivated land (meadow) lies between the irrigation canal and the rice fields. (Figure 45) Figure 42: Aerial view of the component-1 mudflow crossing structure no°1 site
Future mudflow crossing structure Road
Gully
Pravaya- Hydraulic structure Vetka canal connecting the gully to the river
Limit of the river floodplain Kara-Unkur- Sai River
Source: Google Earth, December 2020
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 77
Figure 43: View from component-1 mudflow crossing structure no°1 site
land crossed by the hydraulic structure Guly reaching to Pravaya Vetka Canal (meadow and rice fields) before reaching the Kara-Unkur-Sai River
IV.4.2. Component 2- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1
208. The environmental setting of Rehabilitation of a section of the Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1 is shown on Figure 44. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: The canal is filled with water during the irrigation period, i.e., half of the year. • Biological environment: The canal is fringed with a grass and hygrophilous vegetation (e.g., Phragmites sp.) on both sides (see Figure 45). No rare or endangered species are likely to be found in this common riparian vegetation. • Human environment: The canal is located partly in the settlement area named Abdirahimov village and after the settlement area open fields start to the southeast end of the canal section to be rehabilitated. The site is accessed along tracks and the proposed development site is accessible from either side of the river. There are 20-25 houses within 100 m of the construction site at the north end of the site. Figure 44: Aerial view of component 2 Pravaya-Vetka Canal Section-1 site
Abdirahimov Village
Starting: 117+00
Pravaya-Vetka canal: rehabilitation works on 1,403 m
Ending: 131+03
Source: Google Earth, December 2020
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 78
Figure 45: View from component-2 Pravaya-Vetka Canal Section-1 site
Canal passing through Abdirahimov Village Canal side road and vegetation
IV.4.3. Component 3- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2
209. The environmental setting of Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2 is shown on Figure 46. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: The canal is filled with water during the irrigation period, i.e., half of the year. • Biological environment: The canal mainly supports a vegetation of grass, reeds, and sparse small trees (e.g., Salix sp) on both sides, showing low ecological interest (see Figure 47). • Human environment: The location is rural, with surrounding fields of agriculture with rice and maize being dominant crops. Birdik and Mogol Korgo villages are the settlements of the site. The site is accessed along tracks and the proposed development site is accessible from either side of the river. The closest houses are more than 100 m of the construction site (eastern end). Figure 46: Aerial view of the Pravaya-Vetka Canal Section-2 site
Birdik Mogol Village Korgon Starting: 152+62
Component 7 discharge outlet at HM 161+00 Component 4 Component 8 bridge at discharge outlet HM 171+06 Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46
Pravaya-Vetka canal: Component 6 Mudflow rehabilitation works crossing No.3 on 3 035 m
Ending: 182+97
Shaidan Say River Source: Google Earth, December 2020
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 79
Figure 47: View from component-2 Pravaya-Vetka Canal Section-2 site
Canal and its vegetation in springtime Canal and its vegetation in autumn
IV.4.4. Component 4-discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46
210. The environmental setting of discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 is shown on Figure 48. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: The outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal, is filled with water during the irrigation period, i.e., half of the year like canal itself. • Biological environment: The outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal mainly supports a vegetation of grass, and trees (e.g., Salix sp) on one side, showing low ecological interest (see Figure 49). • Human environment: The outlet structure has been located inside the Mogol Korgon settlement. The site is accessible from both sides of the canal. The closest houses are more than 50 m of the construction site (southeastern end).
Figure 48: Aerial View from component-4 Outlet toe Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46
Mogol Korgon Pravaya-Vetka canal
Component 4 discharge outlet Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 Vakhum-Aral canal
Source: Google Earth, December 2020
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 80
Figure 49: View from component-4 Outlet toe Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46
Outlet and its vegetation in autumn Empty canal outlet
IV.4.5. Component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal
211. The environmental setting of Mudflow Crossing Structure no°2 is shown on Figure 50. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: The Shaidan Say River passes over the Masy secondary canal. This mountain brook shows a torrential regime, with sudden floods and high sediment transport generating mudflows. As the canal is almost at the same level than the river, the canal crossing structure is more or less in the bed of the river and includes an upstream weir with a half-meter drop in water level (see downstream on the photo of Figure 51). The water flow amount in Shaidan Say River decreases in considerable amounts on the summer and early autumn (see Figure 52). • Biological environment: The Shaidan Say river hosts a fish species listed in the national Red List (not evaluated by the IUCN), Glyptosternum reticulatum McClelland - Turkestan catfish, but with a wide range of distribution. The right bank of the river is covered with shrubs and trees of common riparian species. • Human environment: 65 m downstream the mudflow crossing structure, the M41 bridge crosses above the river. A pipe crosses the river between the bridge and the mudflow structure. Three houses are located within 100 m of the construction site. The premises of a small restaurant (the Shaidan River Café) spread over the canal area on the right bank of the river. The restaurant premises include several buildings, among them a yurt. Some of them were constructed over the irrigation canal. One is located very close to the Shaidan Say River. None of these premises complies with the easement area along the river and canal. The restaurant activity seems to be occasional (it was closed during the several site visits performed in the framework of the present project). No information is available on possible water contamination by the restaurant activities. However, the water quality on this spot will have to be monitored before construction and during implementation of the subproject.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 81
Figure 50: Aerial view of the component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 site
Shaidan Say River
Kok Aydar Mudflow crossing structure Restaurant’s premises
Pipe
Masy secondary canal Road bridge EM-02 Road
Source: Google Earth, December 2020
Figure 51: Downstream view from the component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 on the building located alongside the river right bank and M41 bridge
Source: Egis, May 2018
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 82
Figure 52: Upstream view from the component 5- mudflow crossing No.2
Source: PIC, September 2020
IV.4.6. Component 6- mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00
212. The environmental setting of mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00 is shown on Figure 53. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: The Shaidan Say River passes over the Pravaya-Vetka canal. This mountain brook shows a torrential regime, with sudden floods and high sediment transport generating mudflows. This mudflow crossing structure is located 3 km downstream the crossing structure over the Masy secondary canal. As shown on the photo of Figure 35 the riverbed is already channelized. • Biological environment: The Shaidan river hosts a fish species listed in the national Red List (not evaluated by the IUCN), Glyptosternum reticulatum McClelland - Turkestan catfish, but with a wide range of distribution. A notable bird species, the Hobby (Falco Subbuteo) was observed in the general area. These were hawking and feeding in the area and were likely a breeding pair. This species is classed as Least Common under IUCN red listing. The species is migratory and declining in numbers globally but not at a rate that causes a higher classification than Least Concern at present and dependent upon wetland areas but also requires trees for nesting. The river banks are covered with a sparse herbaceous vegetation and a few trees (mainly Salix sp.), Figure 54 and Figure 55. No rare or endangered species are likely to be found in this common riparian vegetation. There is no biological or ecological issue likely to prevent the construction works, but particular attention has to be paid to water pollution prevention and causing minimal disturbance to the Turkestan catfish. • Human environment: The location is rural, with surrounding fields of agriculture with rice and maize being dominant crops. The site is accessed along tracks and the proposed development site is accessible from either side of the river. There is no house within 900 m of the construction site.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 83
Figure 53: Aerial view of the component 6- mudflow crossing structure no°3 site
Shaidan Say River Mudflow crossing structure
Pravaya-Vetka canal
Source: Google Earth, December 2020
Figure 54: The Shaidan River banks the component 6- mudflow crossing structure no°3 site
Source: PIC, September 2020
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 84
Figure 55: View on the canal and its vegetation in springtime
Source: Egis, May 2018
IV.4.7. Component 7- the discharge outlet at HM 161+00
213. The environmental setting of discharge outlet to at HM 161+00 is shown on Figure 56. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: The outlet is filled with water during the irrigation period, i.e., half of the year like canal itself. The construction site is located nearby agricultural area, 100 meters southwest of the Shaidan Say River. • Biological environment: The outlet canal mainly supports a vegetation of grass, and shrubs on one side, showing low ecological interest (see Figure 57 ). • Human environment: Only agricultural activity sites exit; no settlements have been observed.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 85
Figure 56: Aerial View from component-7 Outlet at HM 161+00
Shaidan Say River
Pravaya-Vetka canal
Component 7 discharge outlet at HM 161+00
Source: Google Earth, December 2020
Figure 57: View from component-7 Outlet at HM 161+00
Source: PIC, September 2020
IV.4.8. Component 8- the bridge at HM 171+06
214. The environmental setting of the bridge at HM 171+06 is shown on Figure 58. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: The canal is filled with water during the irrigation period, i.e., half of the year. • Biological environment: The canal mainly supports a vegetation of grass, reeds, and sparse small trees (e.g., Salix sp) on both sides, showing low ecological interest (Figure 47). Nearby area is covered with the orchards also. • Human environment: Only agricultural activity sites exits including the orchards, no settlements have been observed.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 86
Figure 58: Aerial View from component-8- the bridge at HM 171+06
Pravaya-Vetka canal Component-8- the bridge at HM 171+06
Source: Google Earth, December 2020
IV.4.9. Component 9- reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI)
215. The locations of the hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation are shown on Figure 60 and list of locations are given at Table 10. The sensitive environmental receptors identified at the construction site or in its surroundings are as follows: • Physical environment: existing hydraulic posts have been located at the side of canal a sample picture is given at Figure 59. The six new hydraulic posts will be constructed also along the canals. • Biological environment: The canal mainly supports a vegetation of grass, reeds, and sparse small trees (e.g., Salix sp) on both sides, showing low ecological interest. • Human environment: Either settlements of agricultural activity sites exit including the orchards. Figure 59: A representative view of hydraulic post along canal
Source: PIC, September 2020
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE October 2020 Page 87
Figure 60: Map of hydraulic posts to be modernized
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 88
V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
V.1. Introduction
216. As the Pravaya-Vetka subproject mainly deals with the rehabilitation and upgrading of existing structures, most of the impacts will be limited to the construction period. They will be therefore mainly temporary (1-2 months on each site) and will be mitigated through prescriptions to be included within the Contractor’s technical specifications. 217. The impacts and mitigation measures are presented site by site, for the five sites that are subject to construction works (Sections V.2 to V.9). For each site, the impacts and mitigation measures are differentiated depending on the subproject component nature and implementation stage: (i) Construction impacts: this stage may imply significant impacts but on a limited period. The impacts are therefore direct and temporary. (ii) Structural impacts: the physical presence of the structure (surface, height, visual appearance…) is a source of impacts per se. These impacts are direct and permanent. (iii) Operational impacts: the structure operation may induce new or increased impacts. These impacts are direct or indirect, and may change depending on the operational processes. 218. To study the risks and impacts involved with the components (Sections V.2 to V.9) will be evaluated, risk screening criteria given Table 22. Table 22: Impact Screening Criteria
Significance of Impact Screening Criteria The resource/receptor would likely experience a large magnitude impact that would endure for a long time, extend over a large area, exceed national/international standards, endangers public health and safety, threatens a species or habitat of national or High international significance, and/or exceeds a community’s resilience and ability to adapt to change. The Project may have difficulty in complying with the applicable ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement, and significant mitigation would likely be required. The resource/receptor would experience a clearly evident change from baseline conditions and would approach but not exceed Substantial applicable standards. The Project would comply with the applicable ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement, but mitigation would be required. The resource/receptor would experience a noticeable effect, but the magnitude of the impact is sufficiently small (with or without mitigation) that the overall effect would remain well within Moderate applicable standards. The Project would comply with the applicable ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement, but mitigation may be required. The resource/receptor will either not be affected or the likely effect would be imperceptible or indistinguishable from natural Low background variation. The Project would comply with the applicable ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement and mitigation would typically not be required.
219. Then, information on the expected benefits of the water resource management in the framework of the subproject is provided (Section V.12). The cumulative impacts resulting from the implementation of all the subproject components, either positive or negative, are discussed (Section V.13). If all the mitigation measures mentioned below are actually enforced, the residual negative impacts of the project will be very low, and quite environmentally and socially acceptable.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 89
220. The project main components have not been changed during the design compared to the feasibility study. But due to the other works involved which are considerably small the component structure of the project has been changed as explained in Section III.2.3. Therefore, the assessment has been updated. The new introduced components will not have significant environmental effects. During the detailed design stage for the main canal rehabilitation and protective works, all additional subproject components to be managed at the farm level by WUGs will have been specified. An updated IEE will has been prepared to address the potential environmental impacts and related mitigation measures of all new elements in the subproject. A simplified disclosure process will be implemented (e.g., a poster campaign to inform the local population that the IEE and its addendum is retrievable in the town halls and the revised IEE will be available to the public in local language).
V.2. Component 1- mudflow crossing structure No°1
221. Brief description of the works: Construction of a mudflow crossing structure over the Pravaya-Vetka canal on km 15+25. At this place, a gully discharges significant amount of debris into the canal, resulting in significant silting of the canal. The gully will be stabilized and reinforced with the construction of a rubble concrete trapezoidal canal. A crossing structure will be built over the Pravaya-Vetka canal and extended through a rubble concrete trapezoidal canal across a 160 m wide agricultural area to carry the flows and debris to the Kara-Unkur-Sai river.
Figure 61: The subproject will contribute to the protection of nearby assets
A barn may be destroyed if the gully continues to The road embankment is heavily eroded and the widen road may experience serious damage if no protection measure is implemented
222. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 90
Table 23: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 1- mudflow crossing structure No°1 Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification Construction impacts Water pollution from construction Low, because the canal To avoid possible pollution of the Pravaya-Vetka canal and safety Low machines (accidental spill of oil from flow reaches almost 20 issues, the works will be conducted when the canal is empty (after machinery), equipment and material m³/s at that place (strong the agricultural season). stores, poor sanitation at work sites, dilution effect). In Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall be release of soil and cement into addition, the natural prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance yards surface water. water turbidity in the have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered canal is high (approx. 4 that can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured kg/m³). In wintertime, at source and refueling and maintenance must take place in when the canal is not in dedicated areas away from surface water resources. Proper training use, the pollution risk is of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes are minimal, as the canal is undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these dry and an accidental activities. spill could be easily In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker confined. camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements. Air Pollution from earthworks, Low: field observations For safety reasons the Contractor shall take all necessary Low demolition/construction activities indicate that ambient air precautions to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes and transport (atmospheric quality is generally from the site concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of pollutants, dust and cement), acceptable at such emissions and fumes into residential areas. In particular, the especially during the dry or strong construction sites and concrete plant shall be well maintained and measures taken so as prevailing winds periods. Figure 28 that emissions from not to be left running unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in para 126 shows the wind rose in powered mechanical in use. The Contractor shall not install any furnace, boiler or other Jalal-Abad. equipment are rapidly similar plant or equipment using any fuel that may produce air dispersed. So, no pollutants without the prior written consent of the State Inspection on significant impact can be Ecological and Technical Safety. expected. Only one
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 91
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification house, in close vicinity of The Contractor shall instigate effective dust suppression measures the works could be as may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising affected. because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin. Noise and vibration from trucks and Low: five houses are The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental constraint, Low construction machinery. located within 100 m of which must be addressed in the planning and execution of the works. the construction site and He shall take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. will be especially The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and affected. As the works will be prohibited in weekends. The Contractor shall take all will require approx. 1,500 necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical m³ of construction equipment and construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause materials, about 300 any unnecessary and excessive noise which may disturb any trucks will be necessary occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with for the haulage, i.e., similar sensitivity to noise. between 5 and 10 per day. This will not significantly increase the traffic noise in the urban areas crossed by the trucks. Solid wastes from construction Low, because the Spoils generated by excavations shall be disposed of in the nearby Low activities are mainly spoils (loams excavated materials are Kara-Unkur-Sai floodplain (the floodplain is the area of flat land near and gravel-pebble deposits) harmless (no pollution). It the river that is often flooded; it is covered with gravels and pebbles generated by excavations (420 m³). is assumed that they will and belongs to the public domain). Due to the low volume of spoil Disposal of these materials on land be disposed of in the and the width of the floodplain (approx. 400 m) no hydraulic impact may cause destruction of plants, nearby Kara-Unkur-Sai on floods can be expected. The disposal site has to be devoid of loss of vegetation, unsightly view floodplain (200 m vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to and other nuisances to the local distance). frequent floods. The deposits will be spread out (layered) so as not community. The low volume of spoil is forming a mound. Some mud or debris flow can occur if the spoil not likely to cause disposal is washed away by exceptional floods but, in flood condition, significant debris flow and the river already carries huge volumes of mud and debris, so this damages/risks additional solid transport will not be noticeable. The site used to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal of
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 92
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification downstream during flood the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and season. the area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored. The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Construction materials extracted Low: approx. 130 m³ of The backfilling material required for the construction works will come Low from borrow pits or quarries. backfilling material and from the Kara-Unkur-Sai floodplain, and the rubble stones from Possible risks of erosion, mudflow, small volume of rubble quarries. The Contractor, who will prepare a detailed Borrow Pit and impact on fauna and flora, visual stones (15 m³) Their Quarry Management Plan, will select them. It its expected at this and landscape impact, safety haulage to the stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits / quarries. issues… construction site will The borrow pits for backfilling material have to be devoided of generate the same vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will be filled impact than for the other with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. construction materials (see above). Disturbance of agricultural activities Moderate: two farms will The construction works shall be carried out after the agricultural Moderate will result from access restriction, be affected. season. soil compaction, trenching. Visual intrusion. During the Low: one house/farm will During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the site Moderate construction period, the visual be especially exposed to reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall store or quality is usually poor, because of this nuisance dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear material stockpiles, waste depots, away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary prefabricated offices and works no longer required. After the completion of the works, the construction machines. Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Access and safety issues due to Low: access to the The Contractor shall take all the necessary arrangements and Low traffic project site will be precautions during the execution of the works to avoid disturbance to provided through the the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 93
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification existing roads and can public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. The Contractor shall sufficiently transport use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and take all materials necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low simple construction works secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction of are not likely to induce temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. high risks for the workers The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and secure the and nearby population work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others. (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained. (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause on Low elsewhere, where worker’s housing small construction site, occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, and areas are established near requiring only a few include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to residential households and workers. ensure awareness raising information to his employees on how to communities, there will be short- protect oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 94
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification terms risks of the spread of from contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable communicable diseases from the diseases like COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal ‘imported’ workers to local women or hygiene, and protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . It men and vice versa (STI/HIV/AIDS, should also be required that construction contractors distribute or T.B., Dengue fever, scabies, bed request that the local health officer distribute information material / bugs and other diseases and awareness campaigns and free condoms to immigrant workers and infections like COVID-19). the local sex-workers. Also, contractors shall maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and Beneficial impact households nearest to the construction sites / canals could provide services during the construction periods: catering, cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc. Due to the difference in levels of the Low: to make this a safe Fences shall be installed on both sides of the channel. Low proposed mudflow crossing point construction with sloping and the main irrigation canal there side walls, an estimated will need to be a deep cut 50 m of land will be developed for the new mud flow removed from land at the channel. top of the slope, decreasing in width as the mud flow channel approaches the river bed The construction of a hydraulic Low: due to the relatively No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low structure (rubble stone masonry low ecological interest of ditch) to connect the gully to the this habitat, and the low river floodplain will cause the loss of surface area affected, the impact is not significant.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 95
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification approx. 1,000 m² of natural habitat: meadow used for livestock farming. Loss of nesting sites in the mud Moderate, because of the The works will have to take place out of the nesting season (May to Low walls of the gully. presence of the July). A dozen of nest boxes 25 × 25 × 25 cm (access diameter: 60 European Roller mm), will be installed on nearby pylons and trees. (Coracias garrulus). The ditch may impair fauna Low: big animals can The slope of the walls of the ditch connecting the mudflow crossing Low movements alongside the right bank easily bypass it structure to the river floodplain must not exceed 1/1, in order to of the Kara-Unkur-Sai River. downstream. Small reduce safety risks and allow animals or people fallen by accident animals (invertebrates, into the ditch to get out more easily. amphibians, reptiles, rodents) may be trapped if the ditch sides are too steep. However, the rubble stone masonry will provide an uneven surface that should allow most of them to escape easily. Loss of land for two farmers, due to Moderate: less than 10% As the land plots were provided to households for use and Low: the the construction of the ditch of the cultivated plots of improvement on the basis of the decision of the local self- donation may downstream the mudflow crossing both farmers will be government, the two farmers agreed upon a donation of the land have a slight structure. These land users do not affected (0.045 ha on needed for the construction works. impact on the pay rent and land tax to local 0.52 ha in one case, Financial compensations will be provided to the two farmers: based livelihoods of the authorities for the used land. 0.114 ha on 3 ha in the on the harvest value for one year for the loss of corn and rice fields, households Considering that land cultivation by second case); 0.089 ha based on market value for the two trees, and based on the full (inconveniences households was carried out based of corn fields and 0.07 ha replacement cost for the fence. for land use, on a formal decision of the local of rice fields; one slight income government, households affected by household will lose two loss). the impact should be considered productive trees (apple with legitimate rights. and walnut); 10 m of fences will be destroyed. No household will be severely affected and
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 96
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification none can be considered a vulnerable household in accordance with Kyrgyz and ADB’s policy requirements. The hydraulic structure will also act Moderate: the farmers A bridge shall be built over the ditch to allow access to the Moderate like a barrier, cutting the farm may need to increase the agricultural plots. holdings into two pieces. travel distance by 400 m. The mudflow crossing structure and Low, taking into No need to consider any mitigation measure. Moderate related upstream and downstream consideration the hydraulic structures will degrade the absence of sensitive local landscape. landscape components, the low extent of the planned hydraulic structures, and the low number of houses with direct view over the structures. The subproject will recreate the Beneficial impact gully’s outlet to the Kara-Unkur-Sai River, suppressed when constructing the Pravaya-Vetka canal. It will therefore contribute to the restauration of the natural hydrographical pattern. It will also stabilize the gully upstream the canal, which developed very quickly these last years and is currently threatening a barn and the main road on the right bank of the Kara- Unkur-Sai river The hydraulic structure constructed Beneficial impact downstream the mudflow crossing will channelize the water and
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 97
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification mudflows through the fields. If only the mudflow crossing structure is built, the resulting flows would spread over the cultivated areas and would affect them much more than what is expected from the downstream hydraulic structure. In other words, the main beneficiaries of the downstream ditch will be the farmers. Operational impacts Even without flows, the new Low, because it is The ditch shall be fenced on his whole length. Moderate hydraulic structures represent a already the case in the danger to people and livestock, present situation, at least because of their deepness and upstream of the canal. steep banks, especially in the upstream section (between the road and the canal). The mudflow structure will consider Beneficial impact climate change projections and will be designed for the 2050 centennial design flood
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 98
V.3. Component 2- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1
223. Brief description of the works: Rehabilitation of the Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 117+00 and 131+03. This canal section is covered with "Reno" mattresses. In some places there are gabion mesh gaps along the bottom of the canal. The grid is torn by moving stones. As a result, the stones that filled the "Reno" mattresses move downstream and forms deposits. On a 1,400 m canal length, the “Reno” mattresses will be reinstalled and covered with a 20 cm thick concrete layer. 224. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 99
Table 24: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 2- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1 Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification) Construction impacts Water pollution from construction Low: the pollution risk is Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall be Low machines (accidental spill of oil from minimal, as the works will prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance yards have machinery), equipment and material take place when the to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered that can stores, poor sanitation at work sites, canal is dry and an capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at source release of soil and cement into accidental spill will be and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated areas surface water (canal). easily confined. away from surface water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements Air Pollution from earthworks, Low: field observations For safety reasons the Contractor shall take all necessary precautions Low demolition/construction activities and indicate that ambient air to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes from the site transport (atmospheric pollutants, quality is generally concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions dust and cement), especially during acceptable at and fumes into residential areas. In particular, the concrete plant shall the dry or strong prevailing winds construction sites and be well maintained and measures taken so as not to be left running periods. Figure 28 in para 126 that emissions from unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. The Contractor shows the wind rose in Jalal-Abad. powered mechanical shall not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment equipment are rapidly using any fuel that may produce air pollutants without the prior written dispersed. There is a consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. dozen of houses exposed The Contractor shall instigate effective dust suppression measures as to this pollution. may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin. Noise and vibration from trucks and Low: there are 20-25 The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental constraint, Low construction machinery. houses within 100 m of which must be addressed in the planning and execution of the works.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 100
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification) the construction site at He shall take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. the north end of the canal The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and section likely to be will be prohibited in weekends. The Contractor shall take all necessary disturbed with this noise. measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical equipment and The works will also construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause any unnecessary require approx. 7,000 m³ and excessive noise which may disturb any occupant of nearby of construction materials, dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with similar sensitivity to i.e., about 1 400 trucks noise. will be necessary for the haulage. Given the relatively low traffic volume (5 to 10 trucks per day), and knowing that the construction site is directly accessible from the main road (M41), this extra traffic should not change the noise levels significantly along the haulage route. Solid wastes from construction Moderate: it is The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, Moderate activities are mainly spoils (loams understood that there will transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the and gravel-pebble deposits) not be much waste on approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical generated by excavations this construction site, as it Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried (1 600 m³). Disposal of these will not be necessary to out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove materials on land may cause dismantle the existing the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the destruction of plants, loss of canal and the pebbles occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by vegetation, unsightly view and other covering the canal bottom lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the nuisances to the local community. will be reused for the new authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. “Reno” mattresses. Construction materials extracted Low: the additional The Contractor, who will prepare a detailed Borrow Pit Management Low from borrow pits. Possible risks of pebbles approximately Plan, will select them. It its expected at this stage that they will only use erosion, mudflow, impact on fauna 1 400 m³ needed for the existing approved borrow pits. The pebbles borrow pits have to be “Reno” mattresses, gravel devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 101
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification) and flora, visual and landscape and sand 2 700 m³ will be be filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid impact, safety issues… extracted from the nearby accidents. Kara-Unkur-Sai floodplain. It will therefore not necessitate long haulage distance. Visual intrusion. During the Low: approx. 15 During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the site Moderate construction period, the visual households will have a reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall store or quality is usually poor, because of direct visual perception of dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear material stockpiles, waste depots, the works. away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary prefabricated offices and works no longer required. After the completion of the works, the construction machines. Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Access and safety issues due to Low: access to the The Contractor shall take all the necessary arrangements and Low traffic project site will be precautions during the execution of the works to avoid disturbance to provided through the the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the existing roads and can public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. The Contractor shall sufficiently transport use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and take all materials. necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low simple construction works secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction of are not likely to induce temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. high risks for the workers The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and secure the and nearby population work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 102
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification) (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained. (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause on Low elsewhere, where worker’s housing small construction site, occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, and areas are established near requiring only a few include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to ensure residential households and workers. awareness raising information to his employees on how to protect communities, there will be short- oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other) from terms risks of the spread of contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases like communicable diseases from the COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal hygiene, and ‘imported’ workers to local women or protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . It should also be men and vice versa (STI/HIV/AIDS, required that construction contractors distribute or request that the T.B., Dengue fever, scabies, bed local health officer distribute information material / awareness bugs and other diseases and campaigns and free condoms to immigrant workers and the local sex- infections like COVID-19). workers. Also, contractors shall maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and Beneficial impact households nearest to the construction sites / canals could provide services during the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 103
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification) construction periods: catering, cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc. The canal is fringed with a grass and Low: given the ubiquity of No need to consider any mitigation measure. Moderate hygrophilous vegetation (e.g., these habitats within the Phragmites sp.) and trees (45 wider landscape no pieces) on both sides. This significant effects are vegetation will disappear with the predicted. rehabilitation of the canal. Landscape and visual impact. Low: the loss of No need to consider any mitigation measure. Moderate vegetation on both sides of the canal and its replacement with concrete banks will change the visual perception by the site users (more artificial environment). The canal rehabilitation will allow a Beneficial impact more efficient irrigation (reduction of water loss). Operational impacts These rehabilitation works are Beneficial impact necessary for a sustainable and efficient use of the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system (see Section V.G).
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 104
V.4. Component 3- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2
225. Brief description of the works: Rehabilitation of the Pravaya-Vetka canal between km 152+62 and 182+97. There are fractures of the first layer of concrete. In some places, the second layer is also destroyed. Destructions are mostly at the bottom of the canal. Just upstream the mudflow structure, there is a lowered area with almost a reverse slope. On a 3,035 m canal length, monolithic concrete lining will be put in place. The canal bottom will be levelled at some places. 226. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 105
Table 25: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 3- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2 Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Construction impacts Water pollution from construction Low: the pollution risk is Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall be Low machines (accidental spill of oil from minimal, as the works will prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance yards machinery), equipment and material take place when the have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered that stores, poor sanitation at work sites, canal is dry and an can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at release of soil and cement into accidental spill will be source and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated surface water (canal). easily confined. areas away from surface water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements Air Pollution from earthworks, Low: field observations For safety reasons the Contractor shall take all necessary precautions Low demolition/construction activities and indicate that ambient air to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes from the site transport (atmospheric pollutants, quality is generally concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions dust and cement), especially during acceptable at and fumes into residential areas. In particular, the concrete plant shall the dry or strong prevailing winds construction sites and be well maintained and measures taken so as not to be left running periods. Figure 28 in para 126 that emissions from unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. The shows the wind rose in Jalal-Abad. powered mechanical Contractor shall not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment are rapidly equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants without the dispersed. There is no prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and house exposed to this Technical Safety. pollution. The Contractor shall instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 106
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Noise and vibration from trucks and Moderate: the closest The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental constraint, Low construction machinery. houses are more than which must be addressed in the planning and execution of the works. 100 m of the construction He shall take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. site (eastern end), and The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and most of the works will will be prohibited in weekends. The Contractor shall take all take place more than necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical 1,000 m from the closest equipment and construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause houses. The noise any unnecessary and excessive noise which may disturb any disturbance will therefore occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with be low. The works will similar sensitivity to noise. also require approx. 17 600 m³ of construction materials, i.e., about 3 500 trucks will be necessary for the haulage. Even if the traffic volume is relatively low (25-30 trucks per day), it may be a significant source of nuisance for the Mogol- Korgon village, which will be crossed before reaching the main road. Solid wastes from construction Low: the excavated Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan Low activities are mainly sediments (silt, materials are harmless downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of sand) extracted from the canal (no pollution is expected). vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to frequent (2,300 m³) and dismantled concrete It is understood that the floods. Due to the very low volume of spoil, no hydraulic impact on material from canal (50 m³). excavated material will be floods can be expected. The deposits will be spread out (layered) so Disposal of these materials on land dumped in the Shaidan as not forming a mound. Some mud or debris flow can occur if the may cause destruction of plants, floodplain downstream of spoil disposal is washed away by exceptional floods but, in flood loss of vegetation, unsightly view the works. The low condition, the river already carries huge volumes of mud and debris, and other nuisances to the local volume of spoils is not so this additional solid transport will not be noticeable. The site used community. likely to cause significant to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal debris flow and damages of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 107
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification / risks downstream during the area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored. As flood season. excavations will occur while the canal is dry, it will not be necessary to dry the silty sediments before transportation. The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Construction materials extracted Low: 6 200 m³ of The backfilling material required for the construction works will come Low from borrow pits or quarries. backfilling material, from the Shaidan floodplains. The Contractor, who will prepare a Possible risks of erosion, mudflow, gravel, sand, etc. detailed Borrow Pit Management Plan, will select them. It its expected impact on fauna and flora, visual and at this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits. The landscape impact, safety issues… borrow pits have to be devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will be filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. Visual intrusion. During the Low: No house will be During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the site Low construction period, the visual exposed to this nuisance. reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall store or quality is usually poor, because of dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear material stockpiles, waste depots, away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary prefabricated offices and works no longer required. After the completion of the works, the construction machines. Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Access and safety issues due to Low: access to the The Contractor shall take all the necessary arrangements and Low traffic project site will be precautions during the execution of the works to avoid disturbance to provided through the the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the existing roads and can public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. The Contractor shall sufficiently transport use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and take all materials. necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 108
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low simple construction works secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction of are not likely to induce temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. high risks for the workers The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and secure the and nearby population work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others. (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained. (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause on Low elsewhere, where worker’s housing small construction site, occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, and areas are established near requiring only a few include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to ensure residential households and workers. awareness raising information to his employees on how to protect communities, there will be short- oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other) from terms risks of the spread of contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases communicable diseases from the like COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal hygiene, and ‘imported’ workers to local women or protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . It should also be men and vice versa (STI/HIV/AIDS, required that construction contractors distribute or request that the T.B., Dengue fever, scabies, bed local health officer distribute information material / awareness campaigns and free condoms to immigrant workers and the local sex-
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 109
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification bugs and other diseases and workers. Also, contractors shall maximize the number of local, infections like COVID-19). residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and Beneficial impact households nearest to the construction sites / canals could provide services during the construction periods: catering, cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc. The canal is fringed with grass, Low, as no rare or No need to consider any mitigation measure. Moderate reeds, and sparse small trees (app. endangered species are 255 pieces) (e.g., Salix sp.) on both likely to be found in this sides, showing low ecological common riparian interest. This vegetation will vegetation. disappear with the rehabilitation of the canal. Landscape and visual impact. Low: the loss of No need to consider any mitigation measure. Moderate vegetation on both sides of the canal and its replacement with concrete banks will change the visual perception by the site users (more artificial environment). The canal rehabilitation will allow a Beneficial impact more efficient irrigation (reduction of water loss).
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 110
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Operational impacts These rehabilitation works are Beneficial impact necessary for a sustainable and efficient use of the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system (see also Section V.G).
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 111
V.5. Component 4-discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46
227. Brief description of the works: Rehabilitation of outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46. To increase the discharge capacity of the water outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal from the Pravaya Vetka canal, the project provides for the installation of a rise behind the trash grid, at a distance of 10 cm. No earthworks will be carried out in this site. 228. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 112
Table 26: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 4-discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Construction impacts Water pollution from construction Low: the pollution risk is Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall be Low machines (accidental spill of oil from minimal, as the works will prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance yards machinery), equipment and material take place when the have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered that stores, poor sanitation at work sites, canal is dry and an can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at release of soil and cement into accidental spill will be source and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated surface water (canal). easily confined. areas away from surface water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements Noise and vibration from trucks and Moderate: the closest The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental constraint, Moderate construction machinery. houses are approx. 50 m which must be addressed in the planning and execution of the works. the construction site He shall take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. (southeastern end). The The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and noise disturbance might will be prohibited in weekends. The Contractor shall take all therefore be high. The necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical works will be less but it equipment and construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause may be a significant any unnecessary and excessive noise which may disturb any source of nuisance for occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with the Mogol-Korgon village. similar sensitivity to noise. Solid wastes from construction Low: the excavated Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan Low activities are mainly sediments (silt, materials are harmless downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of sand) extracted from the canal (2 (no pollution is expected). vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to frequent m³). Disposal of these materials on It is understood that the floods. Due to the very low volume of spoil, no hydraulic impact on land may cause destruction of excavated material will be floods can be expected. The deposits will be spread out (layered) so plants, loss of vegetation, unsightly dumped in the Shaidan as not forming a mound. Some mud or debris flow can occur if the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 113
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification view and other nuisances to the floodplain downstream of spoil disposal is washed away by exceptional floods but, in flood local community. the works. The low condition, the river already carries huge volumes of mud and debris, volume of spoils is not so this additional solid transport will not be noticeable. The site used likely to cause significant to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal debris flow and damages of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and / risks downstream during the area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored. As flood season. excavations will occur while the canal is dry, it will not be necessary to dry the silty sediments before transportation. The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Construction materials extracted Low: app. 2 m³ of The backfilling material required for the construction works will come Low from borrow pits or quarries. backfilling material. from the Shaidan floodplains. The Contractor, who will prepare a Possible risks of erosion, mudflow, detailed Borrow Pit Management Plan, will select them. It its expected impact on fauna and flora, visual and at this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits. The landscape impact, safety issues… borrow pits have to be devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will be filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. Visual intrusion. During the Moderate: A few houses During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the site Moderate construction period, the visual will be exposed to this reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall store or quality is usually poor, because of nuisance. dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear material stockpiles, waste depots, away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary prefabricated offices and works no longer required. After the completion of the works, the construction machines. Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Access and safety issues due to Low: access to the The Contractor shall take all the necessary arrangements and Low traffic project site will be precautions during the execution of the works to avoid disturbance to provided through the the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the existing roads and can public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. The Contractor shall
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 114
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification sufficiently transport use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and take all materials. necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low simple construction works secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction of are not likely to induce temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. high risks for the workers The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and secure the and nearby population work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others. (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained. (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause on Low elsewhere, where worker’s housing small construction site, occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, and areas are established near requiring only a few include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to ensure residential households and workers. awareness raising information to his employees on how to protect communities, there will be short- oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other) from terms risks of the spread of contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases communicable diseases from the like COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal hygiene, and
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 115
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification ‘imported’ workers to local women or protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . It should also be men and vice versa (STI/HIV/AIDS, required that construction contractors distribute or request that the T.B., Dengue fever, scabies, bed local health officer distribute information material / awareness bugs and other diseases and campaigns and free condoms to immigrant workers and the local sex- infections like COVID-19). workers. Also, contractors shall maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and Beneficial impact households nearest to the construction sites / canals could provide services during the construction periods: catering, cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc. The canal at outlet is vegetated with Low, as no rare or No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low grass, and small trees (e.g., Salix endangered species are sp.) showing low ecological interest. likely to be found in this This vegetation will disappear with common riparian the rehabilitation of the outlet. vegetation. Landscape and visual impact. Low: the loss of No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low vegetation on both sides of the canal outlet will change the visual perception by the site users (more artificial environment). Operational impacts The canal outlet rehabilitation will Beneficial impact allow a more efficient irrigation.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 116
V.6. Component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal
229. Brief description of the works: Replacement of the mudflow crossing structure over the Masy secondary canal. The existing monolithic reinforced concrete structure carrying the Shaidan river flows over the canal is partly destroyed, leading to regular overflows in the canal. It will be dismantled and a new structure built. The channelized river bed downstream the structure will be rebuilt in rubble stone masonry. Three weirs 65 cm high will be constructed to dissipate the flow energy between the crossing structure and the road bridge 65 m downstream. 230. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 117
Table 27: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification Construction impacts The river may be diverted into the Moderate: as this river hosts To minimize hydrobiological impacts (especially on the Turkestan Low canal during the construction a fish listed on the Kyrgyz catfish), the following measures will be implemented: works. It means that the river Red List of rare or (i) During the construction works, the river flows may be diverted continuity may be interrupted endangered species (the into the canal. A weir will be built in this respect. As catfish during the construction works Turkestan catfish), the species usually stay close to the river bottom, it may be assumed (between 1 and 2 months). potential impact is significant, that the weir will be an obstacle to their movements. As a result, even if a small portion of the only a few catfishes would reach the canal. A wire netting fish population is affected. positioned at the top of the weir would prevent any fish to pass into the canal. (ii) To maintain the aquatic life downstream the works, an instream flow has to be preserved. Usually, instream flows amount to at least 1/10 of the average yearly flow rate. Therefore, the instream flow to be considered for the Shaidan river should amount 200 l/s. A temporary pipe culvert must be installed in the river bed during the construction works to ensure this hydraulic continuity. Water pollution from construction Moderate: the water To reduce possible pollution of the Masy secondary canal and Low machines (accidental spill of oil contamination risk is safety issues, the works will be conducted when the canal is from machinery), equipment and moderate, because the canal empty (after the agricultural season). material stores, poor sanitation at flow reaches almost 3 m³/s at Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall work sites, release of soil and that place (significant dilution be prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance cement into surface water (either effect). In addition, the yards have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be the river or the canal). natural water turbidity in the considered that can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to canal is rather high. In be captured at source and refueling and maintenance must take wintertime, when the canal is place in dedicated areas away from surface water resources. not in use, the pollution risk is Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil minimal, as the canal is dry changes are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any and an accidental spill could residue from these activities. be easily confined. However, In case temporary work camps are required, construction of as the works mainly concern worker camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not the Shaidan river bed, the near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor main pollution risks are likely needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 118
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification to affect this natural water infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste course, hosting the Turkestan management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need catfish. to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements. Air Pollution from earthworks, Low: field observations For safety reasons the Contractor shall take all necessary Low demolition/construction activities indicate that ambient air precautions to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or and transport (atmospheric quality is generally fumes from the site concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and pollutants, dust and cement), acceptable at construction drifting of such emissions and fumes into residential areas. In especially during the dry or strong sites and that emissions from particular, the concrete plant shall be well maintained and prevailing winds periods. Figure powered mechanical measures taken so as not to be left running unnecessarily for long 28 in para 126 shows the wind equipment are rapidly periods when not directly in use. The Contractor shall not install rose in Jalal-Abad. dispersed. Only the premises any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment using any of a small restaurant, in close fuel that may produce air pollutants without the prior written vicinity of the works – on the consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical right bank of the river - could Safety. be affected The Contractor shall instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin. Noise and vibration from trucks Low: three houses and a The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental Low and construction machinery. restaurant are located within constraint, which must be addressed in the planning and 100 m of the construction site execution of the works. He shall take all reasonable measures to and will be especially reduce noise to a minimum. The construction works will be limited affected. As the works will to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and will be prohibited in weekends. The require only 1 650 m³ of Contractor shall take all necessary measures to ensure that the construction materials, operation of all mechanical equipment and construction approx. 370 trucks will be processes, on or off site, shall not cause any unnecessary and necessary for the haulage (5 excessive noise which may disturb any occupant of nearby to 10 trucks per day). This dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with similar sensitivity to will not significantly increase noise. the traffic noise in the urban areas crossed by the trucks. Solid wastes from construction Low: the excavated materials The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at Low activities are mainly spoils (silt, are harmless (no pollution). site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 119
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification sand, gravels, pebbles) Excavation in the riverbed will approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and generated by excavations increase the river turbidity, Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. The waste will (900 m³) and dismantling of the but the natural river turbidity be sent to an existing controlled disposal facility that can take this current mudflow crossing is already very high type of waste. The waste management plan as part of the SEMP structure (200 m³ of concrete and (mudflows are quite usual), will contain specific details on the facility and management. masonry structures). Disposal of so the impact should not be Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the these materials on land may noticeable. It is understood requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing cause destruction of plants, loss that they will be disposed of of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, of vegetation, unsightly view and in authorized landfills. daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be other nuisances to the local maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized community. tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. A 100 m² area of bare soil in the immediate vicinity of the mudflow crossing structure can be used to dry silty sediments before transportation, if needed. Construction materials extracted Low: approx. 350 m³ of The backfilling material required for the construction works will Low from borrow pits or quarries. backfilling material and small come from the Shaidan floodplain, and the rubble stones from Possible risks of erosion, volume of rubble stones (115 quarries. The Contractor, who will prepare a detailed Borrow Pit mudflow, impact on fauna and m³) and gravel and sand and Quarry Management Plan, will select them. It its expected at flora, visual and landscape (110 m³) needed for the this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits / impact, safety issues… construction works). Their quarries. The borrow pits for backfilling material have to be haulage to the construction devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they site will generate the same will be secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. impact than for the other construction materials (see above). Visual intrusion. During the Low: only one house will be During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the Low construction period, the visual exposed to this nuisance. site reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall quality is usually poor, because of store or dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials material stockpiles, waste depots, and clear away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish prefabricated offices and or temporary works no longer required. After the completion of the construction machines. works, the Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Access and safety issues due to Low: access to the project The Contractor shall take all the necessary arrangements and Low traffic site will be provided through precautions during the execution of the works to avoid disturbance the existing roads and can to the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 120
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification sufficiently transport of the public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. The materials Contractor shall use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and take all necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and simple The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low construction works are not secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction likely to induce high risks for of temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and the workers and nearby type. The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and population secure the work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire- fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others. (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained. (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Disturbance to the restaurant’s Moderate: at the present An agreement has to be reached between the constructor and the Low activity. Three trees will be cut. feasibility study stage, it is restaurant’s owner to get access to the river right bank through his understood that it will be land plot in order to ensure minimum disturbance (no damage to possible to perform the the premises, no works during the restaurant opening days and mudflow crossing structure hours, replantation of any tree that will need to be cut or works without requiring any removed).)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 121
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification demolition. It should be noted that the restaurant activity seems to be occasional. As the works duration for the new crossing structure will not excess 2 months, the disturbance to the restaurant’s activity should be rather low. Potential damage to public Moderate: a pipe crosses the The Contractor shall maintain and protect all public utilities inside Low facilities. river in the section to be or adjacent to the work sites and should take the necessary rehabilitated. measures to ensure their continuous operation without any damage therein even if the matter has necessitated supporting, suspension or diversion of these public utilities outside the work site. Items damaged or interfered with as a result of the works, as well as those removed to enable the works to be carried out, shall be reinstated to condition at least the same they had been at before the works had started. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a small To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause Low elsewhere, where worker’s construction site, requiring on occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, housing areas are established only a few workers. and include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to near residential households and ensure awareness raising information to his employees on how to communities, there will be short- protect oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other) terms risks of the spread of from contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable communicable diseases from the diseases like COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal ‘imported’ workers to local women hygiene, and protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . or men and vice versa It should also be required that construction contractors distribute (STI/HIV/AIDS, T.B., Dengue or request that the local health officer distribute information fever, scabies, bed bugs and material / awareness campaigns and free condoms to immigrant other diseases and infections like workers and the local sex-workers. Also, contractors shall COVID-19). maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 122
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and Beneficial impact households nearest to the construction sites / canals could provide services during the construction periods: catering, cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc.
The channelized river bed Low: as the river bed is No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low downstream the structure will be already artificial (concrete rebuilt in rubble stone masonry. structure), and therefore does This will result in the loss of a few not show any ecological m² of riparian vegetation of low interest, the impact in terms ecological interest on the right of loss of terrestrial and river bank. aquatic habitat will be insignificant. The construction of three small Low: the canal crossing No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low weirs (65 cm high) against structure already creates an riverbed erosion between the obstacle to fish movements crossing structure and the road and it is not considered bridge may create an obstacle to necessary to restore the river fish seasonal movements. ecological continuity, despite the presence of the Turkestan catfish. Landscape and visual impact. Low: the mudflow crossing No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low structure and related downstream hydraulic structures will not change the visual perception by the site users and neighboring inhabitants significantly. The riverbed will be better Beneficial impact protected against erosion TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 123
Significance of Impact (High, Substantial, Significance of Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Moderate, Low) and Residual Impact justification downstream the mudflow crossing structure Operational impacts The replacement of the crossing Low: this may create erosion It is already planned within the feasibility study to incorporate a Low structure and rehabilitation of the risks to the road bridge conventional energy dissipator / stilling basin downstream of main downstream section will improve located 65 m downstream the mudflow crossing structure and well upstream of the existing flood flows. crossing structure. bridge. This will significantly reduce the erosion risk to the existing road bridge. The cost is already included in the total cost of Mudflow Crossing Structure n°2. The mudflow structure will Beneficial impact consider climate change projections for 2050 and will be designed for the 100-year frequency flood. There will not be overflow any longer (for the design flood frequency) into the canal, while it is rather usual at present.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 124
V.7. Component 6- mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00
231. Brief description of the works: Replacement of the mudflow crossing structure over the Pravaya- Vetka canal. The existing monolithic reinforced concrete structure carrying the Shaidan river flows over the canal is in unsatisfactory condition, leading to regular overflows into the canal. It will be dismantled and a new structure built. The river will be channelized with dykes upstream and downstream the structure. 232. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 125
Table 28: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 6- mudflow crossing No.3 Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Construction impacts The river may be diverted into the Moderate: as this river To minimize hydrobiological impacts (especially on the Turkestan Low canal during the construction works. It hosts a fish listed on the catfish), the following measures will be implemented: means that the river continuity may be Kyrgyz Red List of rare (i) Both construction works for mudflow crossings n°2 and 3 have to be interrupted during the construction or endangered species carried out at the same time. It will also simplify the works works (between 1 and 2 months). (the Turkestan catfish), management for the crossing structure n°3, as it will not be necessary the potential impact is to divert the river flows into the canal. significant, even if a (ii) To ensure the river flow continuity, the same instream flow small portion of the fish temporary culvert as for the crossing structure n°2 will have to be population is affected. installed during the construction works. Water pollution from construction Low, because the canal To reduce possible pollution of the canal and safety issues, the works Low machines (accidental spill of oil from flow reaches 10 m³/s at will be conducted when the canal is empty (after the agricultural machinery), equipment and material that place (significant season). stores, poor sanitation at work sites, dilution effect). In Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall be release of soil and cement into surface addition, the natural prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance yards have water (either the river or the canal). water turbidity in the to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered that can canal is rather high. In capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at source wintertime, when the and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated areas canal is not in use, the away from surface water resources. Proper training of the machinists pollution risk is minimal, must ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost as the canal is dry and care and disposal of any residue from these activities. an accidental spill could In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker be easily confined. camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive However, as the works water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs to provide a mainly concern the detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning Shaidan river bed, the (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater main pollution risks are treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave likely to affect this and to handle waste and waste water according environmental natural water course. management requirements. The river hosts a fish listed on the Kyrgyz Red List of rare or
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 126
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification endangered species (the Turkestan catfish). Air Pollution from earthworks, Low: field observations For safety reasons the Contractor shall take all necessary precautions Low demolition/construction activities and indicate that ambient air to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes from the site transport (atmospheric pollutants, dust quality is generally concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions and cement), especially during the dry acceptable and that and fumes into residential areas. In particular, the concrete plant shall or strong prevailing winds periods. emissions from powered be well maintained and measures taken so as not to be left running Figure 28 in para 126 shows the wind mechanical equipment unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. The Contractor rose in Jalal-Abad. are rapidly dispersed. shall not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment There is no house using any fuel that may produce air pollutants without the prior written exposed to this consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. pollution. The Contractor shall instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin. Noise and vibration from trucks and Low: as there is no The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental constraint, Low construction machinery. house within 900 m of which must be addressed in the planning and execution of the works. the construction site, the He shall take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. impact will not be The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and significant. The works will be prohibited in weekends. The Contractor shall take all necessary will require approx. measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical equipment and 13 500 m³ of construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause any unnecessary construction materials, and excessive noise which may disturb any occupant of nearby so about 2 700 trucks dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with similar sensitivity to will be necessary for the noise. haulage. Even if the traffic volume is low (30- 40 trucks per day), it may be a source of nuisance for the Mogol- Korgon village, before reaching the main road. Solid wastes from construction Low: the excavated Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan Low activities are mainly spoils (silt, sand, materials are harmless downstream floodplain. Due to the relatively low volume of spoil and gravels, pebbles) generated by (no pollution). the width of the floodplain (approx. 200 m) no hydraulic impact on
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 127
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification excavations (5 500 m³), and Excavation in the floods can be expected, provided the spoils are disposed of on the dismantling of the current mudflow riverbed will increase opposite bank to the main river channel. The disposal site has to be crossing structure (200 m³of concrete the river turbidity, but devoid of vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to debris). Disposal of these materials on the natural river turbidity frequent floods. The deposits will be spread out (layered) so as not land may cause destruction of plants, is already very high forming a mound. Some mud or debris flow can occur if the spoil loss of vegetation, unsightly view and (mudflows are quite disposal is washed away by exceptional floods but, in flood condition, other nuisances to the local usual), so the impact the river already carries huge volumes of mud and debris, so this community. should not be additional solid transport will not be noticeable. The site used to noticeable. It is provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal of understood that the the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and the excavated material will area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored. Temporary be dumped in the stockpiling will also be used to dry silty materials, if any, before Shaidan floodplain transportation. The stockpile sites will be located on the artificial downstream of the embankments on both sides of the mudflow crossing structure. works, and the concrete Possible discharge of turbid water from the stockpiles is not an issue, debris disposed of in provided no flow reaches the canal. authorized landfills. The The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, relatively low volume of transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the spoils is not likely to approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical cause significant debris Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. The concrete debris will be flow and damages / sent to an existing controlled disposal facility that can take this type of risks downstream during waste. The waste management plan as part of the SEMP will contain flood season. Moreover, specific details on the facility and management. Deposition shall be the nature of the spoils carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. is similar to the To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent sediments covering the the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by floodplain. lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Construction materials extracted from Low: 1,240 m³ of The backfilling material required for the construction works will come Low borrow pits or quarries. Possible risks backfilling material and from the Shaidan floodplain, and the rubble stones / ripraps from of erosion, mudflow, impact on fauna app. 3 000 m³ of ripraps, quarries. The Contractor, who will prepare a detailed Borrow Pit and and flora, visual and landscape impact, 750 m³ of bedding, app. Quarry Management Plan, will select them. It its expected at this stage safety issues… 300 m³ gravel and send that they will only use existing approved borrow pits / quarries. The for concrete will be borrow pits for backfilling material have to be devoided of vegetation needed for the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 128
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification construction works. (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will be filled with spoils or Their haulage to the secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. construction site will generate the same impact than for the other construction materials. Visual intrusion. During the Low: no house will be During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the site Low construction period, the visual quality exposed to this reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall store or is usually poor, because of material nuisance. dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear stockpiles, waste depots, prefabricated away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary offices and construction machines. works no longer required. After the completion of the works, the Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Access and safety issues due to traffic Low: access to the The Contractor shall take all the necessary arrangements and Low project site will be precautions during the execution of the works to avoid disturbance to provided through the the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the existing roads and can public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. The Contractor shall sufficiently transport use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and take all materials. Access to necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or farmland to the north destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and can be easily to the work site. maintained. Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low simple construction secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction of works are not likely to temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. induce high risks for the The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and secure the workers and nearby work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the population necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 129
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained. (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause on Low elsewhere, where worker’s housing small construction site, occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, and areas are established near residential requiring only a few include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to ensure households and communities, there workers. awareness raising information to his employees on how to protect will be short-terms risks of the spread oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other) from of communicable diseases from the contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases like ‘imported’ workers to local women or COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal hygiene, and men and vice versa ((STI/HIV/AIDS, protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . It should also be T.B., Dengue fever, scabies, bed bugs required that construction contractors distribute or request that the and other diseases and infections like local health officer distribute information material / awareness COVID-19). campaigns and free condoms to immigrant workers and the local sex- workers. Also, contractors shall maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and households Beneficial impact nearest to the construction sites / canals could provide services during the construction periods: catering,
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 130
Significance of Impact Significance (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures of Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc. Structural impacts The Shaidan River will be channelized Low: the river is already No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low on 400 m upstream and 800 m channelized, so the downstream of the mudflow crossing impact on the terrestrial structure. environment will be minimal. The riverbed will not be affected, so the aquatic habitats will not be impacted. Landscape and visual impact. Low: the mudflow No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low crossing structure and related upstream works will not change the visual perception by the site users and neighboring inhabitants significantly The riverbed will be better protected Beneficial impact against erosion downstream the mudflow crossing structure Operational impacts The mudflow structure will consider Beneficial impact climate change projections for 2050 and will be designed for the 100-year frequency flood. There will not be overflow any longer (for the design flood frequency) into the canal, while it is rather usual at present.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 131
V.8. Component 7- the discharge outlet at HM 161+00
233. Brief description of the works: Construction of a discharge outlet at HM 161+00. The dismantling of the existing discharge outlet at HM 160 + 50; and the construction of a new discharge outlet at HM 161 + 00 works will be carried out. 234. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 132
Table 29: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 7- the discharge outlet at HM 161+00 Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Construction impacts Water pollution from construction Low: the pollution risk is Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall be Low machines (accidental spill of oil from minimal, as the works will prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance yards machinery), equipment and material take place when the have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered that stores, poor sanitation at work sites, canal is dry and an can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at release of soil and cement into accidental spill will be source and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated surface water (canal). easily confined. areas away from surface water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements Air Pollution from earthworks, Low: field observations For safety reasons the Contractor shall take all necessary precautions Low demolition/construction activities and indicate that ambient air to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes from the site transport (atmospheric pollutants, quality is generally concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions dust and cement), especially during acceptable at and fumes into residential areas. In particular, the concrete plant shall the dry or strong prevailing winds construction sites and be well maintained and measures taken so as not to be left running periods. Figure 28 in para 126 that emissions from unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. The shows the wind rose in Jalal-Abad. powered mechanical Contractor shall not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment are rapidly equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants without the dispersed. There are no prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and houses exposed to this Technical Safety. pollution. The Contractor shall instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 133
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Noise and vibration from trucks and Low: as there is no house The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental constraint, Low construction machinery. within the construction which must be addressed in the planning and execution of the works. site, the impact will not be He shall take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. significant. The works will The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and require approx. 600 m³ of will be prohibited in weekends. The Contractor shall take all construction materials, so necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical about 120 trucks will be equipment and construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause necessary for the any unnecessary and excessive noise which may disturb any haulage. Even if the occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with traffic volume is low (5-10 similar sensitivity to noise. trucks per day), it may be a source of nuisance for the Mogol-Korgon village, before reaching the main road. Solid wastes from construction Low: the excavated Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan Low activities are mainly sediments (silt, materials are harmless downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of sand) extracted from the canal (38 (no pollution is expected). vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to frequent m³). Disposal of these materials on It is understood that the floods. Due to the very low volume of spoil, no hydraulic impact on land may cause destruction of excavated material will be floods can be expected. The deposits will be spread out (layered) so plants, loss of vegetation, unsightly dumped in the Shaidan as not forming a mound. Some mud or debris flow can occur if the view and other nuisances to the floodplain downstream of spoil disposal is washed away by exceptional floods but, in flood local community. the works. The low condition, the river already carries huge volumes of mud and debris, volume of spoils is not so this additional solid transport will not be noticeable. The site used likely to cause significant to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal debris flow and damages of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and / risks downstream during the area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored. As flood season. excavations will occur while the canal is dry, it will not be necessary to dry the silty sediments before transportation. The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 134
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Construction materials extracted Low: app. 30 m³ of The backfilling material required for the construction works will come Low from borrow pits or quarries. backfilling material. from the Shaidan floodplains. The Contractor, who will prepare a Possible risks of erosion, mudflow, detailed Borrow Pit Management Plan, will select them. It its expected impact on fauna and flora, visual and at this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits. The landscape impact, safety issues… borrow pits have to be devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will be filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. Visual intrusion. During the Low: No houses will be During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the site Low construction period, the visual exposed to this nuisance. reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall store or quality is usually poor, because of dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear material stockpiles, waste depots, away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary prefabricated offices and works no longer required. After the completion of the works, the construction machines. Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Access and safety issues due to Low: access to the The Contractor shall take all the necessary arrangements and Low traffic project site will be precautions during the execution of the works to avoid disturbance to provided through the the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the existing roads and can public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. The Contractor shall sufficiently transport use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and take all materials. necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low simple construction works secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction of are not likely to induce temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. high risks for the workers The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and secure the and nearby population work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 135
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others. (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained. (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause on Low elsewhere, where worker’s housing small construction site, occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, and areas are established near requiring only a few include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to ensure residential households and workers. awareness raising information to his employees on how to protect communities, there will be short- oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other) from terms risks of the spread of contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases communicable diseases from the like COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal hygiene, and ‘imported’ workers to local women or protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . It should also be men and vice versa (STI/HIV/AIDS, required that construction contractors distribute or request that the T.B., Dengue fever, scabies, bed local health officer distribute information material / awareness bugs and other diseases and campaigns and free condoms to immigrant workers and the local sex- infections like COVID-19). workers. Also, contractors shall maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and Beneficial impact households nearest to the construction sites / canals could
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 136
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification provide services during the construction periods: catering, cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc. The canal at outlet is vegetated with Low, as no rare or No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low grass, and bushes showing low endangered species are ecological interest. This vegetation likely to be found in this will disappear with the rehabilitation common riparian of the outlet. vegetation. Landscape and visual impact. Low: the loss of No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low vegetation on left side of the canal outlet will change the visual perception by the site users (more artificial environment). Operational impacts The canal outlet rehabilitation will Beneficial impact allow a more efficient irrigation.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 137
V.9. Component 8- the bridge at HM 171+06
235. Brief description of the works: rehabilitation of the bridge at HM 171+06. Due the fact that the existing bridge is in emergency condition, the following works are proposed: The dismantling of the existing bridge; and the construction of a new bridge works will be carried out. 236. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 138
Table 30: Impacts and mitigation measures related to Component 8- the bridge at HM 171+06 Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Construction impacts Water pollution from construction Low: the pollution risk is Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall be Low machines (accidental spill of oil from minimal, as the works will prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance yards machinery), equipment and material take place when the have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered that stores, poor sanitation at work sites, canal is dry and an can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at release of soil and cement into accidental spill will be source and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated surface water (canal). easily confined. areas away from surface water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements Air Pollution from earthworks, Moderate: field For safety reasons the Contractor shall take all necessary precautions Moderate demolition/construction activities and observations indicate that to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes from the site transport (atmospheric pollutants, ambient air quality is concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions dust and cement), especially during generally acceptable at and fumes into residential areas. In particular, the concrete plant shall the dry or strong prevailing winds construction sites and be well maintained and measures taken so as not to be left running periods. Figure 28 in para 126 that emissions from unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. The shows the wind rose in Jalal-Abad. powered mechanical Contractor shall not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment are rapidly equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants without the dispersed. There are no prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and houses exposed to this Technical Safety. pollution. But orchards The Contractor shall instigate effective dust suppression measures as might expose to dust may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of emission. the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 139
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Noise and vibration from trucks and Low: as there is no house The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental constraint, Low construction machinery. near the construction site, which must be addressed in the planning and execution of the works. the impact will not be He shall take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. significant. The works will The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and require approx. 160 m³ of will be prohibited in weekends. The Contractor shall take all construction materials, so necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical about 20 trucks will be equipment and construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause necessary for the any unnecessary and excessive noise which may disturb any haulage. Even if the occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with traffic volume is low (1-2 similar sensitivity to noise. trucks per day), it may be a source of nuisance for the Mogol-Korgon village, before reaching the main road. Solid wastes from construction Low: the excavated Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan Low activities are mainly sediments (silt, materials are harmless downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of sand) extracted from the (no pollution is expected). vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to frequent construction site (38 m³). Disposal of It is understood that the floods. Due to the very low volume of spoil, no hydraulic impact on these materials on land may cause excavated material will be floods can be expected. The deposits will be spread out (layered) so destruction of plants, loss of dumped in the Shaidan as not forming a mound. Some mud or debris flow can occur if the vegetation, unsightly view and other floodplain downstream of spoil disposal is washed away by exceptional floods but, in flood nuisances to the local community. the works. The low condition, the river already carries huge volumes of mud and debris, volume of spoils is not so this additional solid transport will not be noticeable. The site used likely to cause significant to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal debris flow and damages of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and / risks downstream during the area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored. As flood season. excavations will occur while the canal is dry, it will not be necessary to dry the silty sediments before transportation. The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 140
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Construction materials extracted Low: app. 85 m³ of gravel The backfilling material required for the construction works will come Low from borrow pits or quarries. and sand material will be from the Shaidan floodplains. The Contractor, who will prepare a Possible risks of erosion, mudflow, sued for backfilling, detailed Borrow Pit Management Plan, will select them. It its expected impact on fauna and flora, visual and bedding concrete making at this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits. The landscape impact, safety issues… road making purposes. borrow pits have to be devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will be filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. Visual intrusion. During the Low: No houses will be During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the site Low construction period, the visual exposed to this nuisance. reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall store or quality is usually poor, because of dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear material stockpiles, waste depots, away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary prefabricated offices and works no longer required. After the completion of the works, the construction machines. Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Access and safety issues due to Low: access to the The Contractor shall take all the necessary arrangements and Low traffic project site will be precautions during the execution of the works to avoid disturbance to provided through the the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the existing roads and can public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. The Contractor shall sufficiently transport use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and take all materials. necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low simple construction works secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction of are not likely to induce temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. high risks for the workers The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and secure the and nearby population work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 141
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others. (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained. (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause on Low elsewhere, where worker’s housing small construction site, occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, and areas are established near requiring only a few include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to ensure residential households and workers. awareness raising information to his employees on how to protect communities, there will be short- oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other) from terms risks of the spread of contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases communicable diseases from the like COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal hygiene, and ‘imported’ workers to local women or protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . It should also be men and vice versa (STI/HIV/AIDS, required that construction contractors distribute or request that the T.B., Dengue fever, scabies, bed local health officer distribute information material / awareness bugs and other diseases and campaigns and free condoms to immigrant workers and the local sex- infections like COVID-19). workers. Also, contractors shall maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and Beneficial impact households nearest to the construction sites / canals could
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 142
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification provide services during the construction periods: catering, cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc. Access to agricultural areas and Low, dismantling and Alternative passage will be provided to public. Low settlements construction of the bridge will alter the access. The canal at bridge location is Low, as no rare or No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low vegetated with grass, and small endangered species are trees including orchards showing low likely to be found in this ecological interest. Part of this common riparian vegetation near the canal will vegetation. disappear with the rehabilitation of the outlet. Landscape and visual impact. Low: Since the existing No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low bridge will be renewed there will not be considerable effect. Operational impacts Access to agricultural areas and Beneficial impact settlements
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 143
V.10. Component 9- reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI)
237. Brief description of the works: reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation. The modernization includes the equipping of hydraulic posts with control and measurement instrumentation for automatic collection of data on flow rates on the main canal and second-order canals. The modernization will make it possible to automate the control system for the technological processes of water intake, water distribution and water metering along the Pravaya Vetka canal system. The general condition of all but 6 existing hydraulic posts is satisfactory. All hydraulic posts require the reconstruction of stilling wells for the installation of control and measurement instrumentation. Construction of new stilling wells is required at 6 hydraulic posts. 238. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures:
“
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 144
Table 31: Impacts and mitigation measures related to V.10. Component 9- reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Construction impacts Water pollution from construction Low: the pollution risk is Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling shall be Low machines (accidental spill of oil from minimal, as the works will prescribed. Within the project detail planning, maintenance yards machinery), equipment and material take place when the have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered that stores, poor sanitation at work sites, canal is dry and an can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at release of soil and cement into accidental spill will be source and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated surface water (canal). easily confined. areas away from surface water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements Air Pollution from earthworks, Moderate: field For safety reasons the Contractor shall take all necessary precautions Moderate demolition/construction activities and observations indicate that to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes from the site transport (atmospheric pollutants, ambient air quality is concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions dust and cement), especially during generally acceptable at and fumes into residential areas. In particular, the concrete plant shall the dry or strong prevailing winds construction sites and be well maintained and measures taken so as not to be left running periods. that emissions from unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. The Figure 28 in para 126 shows the powered mechanical Contractor shall not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or wind rose in Jalal-Abad. equipment are rapidly equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants without the dispersed. At some prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and locations there are Technical Safety. houses exposed to this The Contractor shall instigate effective dust suppression measures as pollution. may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 145
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification Noise and vibration from trucks and Low: there might be The Contractor shall consider noise as an environmental constraint, Low construction machinery. some house near the which must be addressed in the planning and execution of the works. construction sites, but the He shall take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. impact will not be The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and significant. The works will will be prohibited in weekends. The Contractor shall take all require approx. 120 m³ of necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical construction materials, so equipment and construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause about 25 trucks will be any unnecessary and excessive noise which may disturb any necessary for the occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with haulage. Even if the similar sensitivity to noise. traffic volume is low (1-2 trucks per day), it may be a source of nuisance for the nearby house around the some of the hydro posts. Solid wastes from construction Low: the excavated Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan Low activities are dismantled concrete materials are harmless downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of (23 m³) and metals (71 tones) per (no pollution is expected). vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to frequent each existing hydraulic post. It is understood that the floods. Due to the very low volume of spoil, no hydraulic impact on Disposal of these materials on land excavated material will be floods can be expected. The deposits will be spread out (layered) so may cause destruction of plants, dumped in the Shaidan as not forming a mound. Some mud or debris flow can occur if the loss of vegetation, unsightly view floodplain downstream of spoil disposal is washed away by exceptional floods but, in flood and other nuisances to the local the works. The metal will condition, the river already carries huge volumes of mud and debris, community. be recycled through the so this additional solid transport will not be noticeable. The site used junk dealers. The low to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal volume of spoils is not of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and likely to cause significant the area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored. As debris flow and damages excavations will occur while the canal is dry, it will not be necessary to / risks downstream during dry the silty sediments before transportation. flood season. The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 146
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Construction materials extracted Low: app. 35 m³ of grave The backfilling material required for the construction works will come Low from borrow pits or quarries. and sand l will be used from the Shaidan floodplains. The Contractor, who will prepare a Possible risks of erosion, mudflow, for bedding, concrete detailed Borrow Pit Management Plan, will select them. It its expected impact on fauna and flora, visual and purposes per at this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits. The landscape impact, safety issues… construction each borrow pits have to be devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). hydraulic post. After extraction, they will be filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. Visual intrusion. During the Low: Some houses will During the progress of the works, the Contractor shall keep the site Low construction period, the visual be exposed to this reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and shall store or quality is usually poor, because of nuisance. But it will be dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear material stockpiles, waste depots, very limited. away and remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary prefabricated offices and works no longer required. After the completion of the works, the construction machines. Contractor shall immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Hygiene and safety risks Low: these small and The Contractor shall adhere to take the necessary procedures to Low simple construction works secure the work site to prevent any accidents through construction of are not likely to induce temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. high risks for the workers The Contractor will bear the responsibility to guard and secure the and nearby population work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, the Contractor should take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others. (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear. (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 147
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place. (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this. (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Communicable diseases: as Low, because this is a To mitigate the risk, the contractors’ contracts must show a clause on Low elsewhere, where worker’s housing small construction site, occupational health and safety measures to be guaranteed, and areas are established near requiring only a few include a paragraph, saying e.g.: “The Contractor is obliged to ensure residential households and workers. awareness raising information to his employees on how to protect communities, there will be short- oneself and others (local sex-workers, spouses, and other) from terms risks of the spread of contamination by STI/HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases communicable diseases from the like COVID-19, and how to practice “safe sex”, personal hygiene, and ‘imported’ workers to local women or protect oneself against T.B, Rabies, Hepatitis” etc.” . It should also be men and vice versa (STI/HIV/AIDS, required that construction contractors distribute or request that the T.B., Dengue fever, scabies, bed local health officer distribute information material / awareness bugs and other diseases and campaigns and free condoms to immigrant workers and the local sex- infections like COVID-19). workers. Also, contractors shall maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. Potential opportunity for local Beneficial impact unemployed people to work as unskilled day labor, temporary during the civil works. The local communities and Beneficial impact households nearest to the construction sites / canals could provide services during the construction periods: catering, cleaning, laundry, transportation, housing, etc. The canal at bridge is vegetated with Low, as no rare or No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low grass, and small trees including endangered species are
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 148
Significance of Impact Significance of (High, Substantial, Impact Description Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Moderate, Low) and Impact justification orchards showing low ecological likely to be found in this interest. Part of this vegetation near common riparian the canal will disappear with the vegetation. rehabilitation of the outlet. Landscape and visual impact. Low: the loss of No need to consider any mitigation measure. Low vegetation on left side of the canal hydraulic posts will change the visual perception by the site users (more artificial environment). Operational impacts Efficiency of the management of Beneficial impact irrigation water will be increased.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 149
V.11. Other works
239. The Pravaya-Vetka subproject will include modernization works such as relocated and/or additional tertiary and quaternary canals, gated flow division boxes, measurement flumes or weirs, new head regulators, and possible main canal bank raising upstream of cross-regulators. 240. The main impacts will originate from the construction of new tertiary and quaternary canals. Although these works are fairly small scale and will be mainly undertaken manually, they may generate some adverse environmental impacts including: (i) soil pollution during canal construction activities, including dumping of excavated sediments and other materials from irrigation canals and drainage collectors; (ii) increased surface water pollution by suspended matters; (iii) damage to trees or other vegetation along the canals; (iv) loss of arable soils and land tenure problems; (v) interference with access and movement; (vi) disturbance of agricultural activities during the construction works. Due to the low significance of the works, the impacts should remain very low and should be easily mitigated. Moreover, these improvements in the irrigation network will increase crop yields and farmers’ income. 241. The main impact of canal bank raising is the suppression of the current vegetation cover and water pollution by suspended matters. However, the natural vegetation cover will grow again very fast. 242. The other possible investments are not likely to cause noticeable impacts.
V.12. Water Resource Management
243. Ultimately, the purpose of the five investments above discussed is to enhance the water resource management within the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system, thanks to a more efficient water supply network, protected against floods and mudflows. 244. First, it should be kept in mind that the subproject implementation will not affect either the quantity or quality of the available water resources in the project area (the water supply conditions at the Pravaya-Vetka canal intake will remain the same). 245. The project will improve resilience to disasters under future climate change. The design and monitoring framework (DMF) are summarized in Table 32. Table 32: Summary of project design and monitoring framework (DMF) Outcome Implementing Output Output Indicator Indicator Agency Net value of Irrigation system Main canals protected against flood and Department of agricultural infrastructure mudflow Water production (NVP) protected and Main canal infrastructure modernized Resources increased modernized and Lower- canal infrastructure modernized Melioration of Productivity of Irrigation system Management (operation and maintenance) the Ministry of water (PoW) and agricultural plans implemented Agriculture, withdrawn land management Agriculture and water management (farmer Food Industry, increased modernized field-level irrigation method and scheduling) and extension plans implemented Melioration Drought risk management and climate (SAWR) change adaptation plans implemented Irrigated land and National disaster Flood and mudflow machinery provided and settlements risk management Ministry of utilized protected capacity improved Emergency HMM equipment provided and utilized Situations Disaster and water information system installed, utilized and developed
246. Achievement of the agricultural PoW and NVP outcome, requires the phased development and implementation of an efficient and effective innovative behavioral change process, as shown in Table 33.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 150
Table 33: Summary of irrigated agricultural system strategic problems and proposed solutions Strategic Problems Proposed Solutions Traditional risk-aversive farmers and water users Mobilize communities to catalyze latent demand Existing Water Users Associations (WUAs) are and form new lower-level Water User Groups too large to be effective (WUGs) Low-level performance equilibrium of existing Reorganize existing Water User Associations to governance and management organizations form modern representative democratic WUAs Existing main canals are often too low, are not equipped with cross or head-regulators and there Modernize and revitalize system management are not enough suitable lower-level canals; Modernize infrastructure to facilitate operation Therefore, irrigation systems cannot command 1 their full permissible service area (PSA) 2 Systems designed to meet social equity objective; Optimize the win-win trade-off between the social limited water is overallocated = scarcity by design equity and economic efficiency objectives; Irrigation systems are in a low-level performance Organization and community behavioral change equilibrium and are not achieving their to modernize system management and achieve considerable agricultural PoW and NVP potential the PoW and NVP outcome. 1 Command is the head (difference in elevation), between the canal water level and the farmers field, required to make water flow by gravity to irrigate or “command” the farmers field without pumping. 2 The permissible service area (PSA) excludes villages and government infrastructure (canals, drains and roads etc.). However, the PSA includes both: (i) similar WUA or farmer infrastructure as well as (ii) land that is too high to irrigate by gravity. Therefore, the PSA is between the normal gross and net service areas, where the NSA is the irrigable area.
247. For an efficient and effective community and organization change process, “how you do things” (participation of most farmer water users) is just as important, if not more so, than “what you do” (the technical project cycle and modern irrigation system management etc.). Therefore, an integrated participatory – technical implementation process will be: (i) First; developed, implemented and documented, in a process implementation manual, in the third (furthest downstream) secondary canal in Pravaya Vetka Irrigation System, which SAWR has selected as the core subproject, and: (ii) Subsequently; implemented in three non-core subprojects to be selected by SAWR. 248. Herein, capacity development (CD) stands for both community development, of lower-level irrigation canals where communities are represented by their WUGs and WUAs, etc., and organizational (SAWR, WUAs and WUGs) capacity development, for irrigation modernization, based on established principles: (i) Capacity for development: is the availability of resources and the efficiency and effectiveness with which societies manage those resources to identify and pursue their development goals on a sustainable basis. Capacity is not something external, to people, organizations and society, it is internal. Therefore, CD must be owned by these units and their external partners can only facilitate development of their capacity. (ii) Capacity development: is a community-driven learning process that brings about change to enhance local ownership, efficiency and effectiveness of development. CD is an internal change process, whereby people, organizations and society unleash, create, strengthen, adapt and maintain their capacity. Capacity is also a necessary project input to achieve expected development outputs and (agricultural PoW and NVP) outcomes. (iii) Formal Training: Therefore, external training has only a small CD role to play. However, the CD process is a more effective form of on-the-job training and adult learning-by-doing. 249. The entire framework above described will allow avoiding usual irrigation systems deficiencies, such as: ▪ waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate drainage and farm management; ▪ leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to excessive application of irrigation water; ▪ soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health risks due to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides; ▪ soil erosion (furrow, surface); ▪ scouring of canals; ▪ logging of canals by sediments;
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 151
▪ clogging of canals by weeds. ▪ Etc. 250. On the social side of the subproject, the potential benefits include employment or entrepreneurship opportunities for locals during construction (including women), equal opportunities of training and extension in canal and agriculture/ water management and adaptation to climate change for all farmers and members of WUGs, including women and vulnerable farmers. The approach to participation in the project decision-making and benefits is “leave no one behind”. The project also suggests measures to maximize the positive impacts and benefits from the project on gender equality, social inclusion and community, and poverty (a do-more-approach is applied). 251. More precisely, it is anticipated that the direct beneficiaries / the primary stakeholders (the female and male farmers/villagers/WUA members and management; farmer cooperatives and other existing CBOs) will benefit from the sub-project, as summarized in Ошибка! Источник ссылки не найден.. Table 34: Social benefits of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject Sub-project Direct benefits: Indirect benefits: Assumption: component: Rehabilitation of 2 Potentially, Reduction of Water Department and km primary canal: employment water loss in main WUA cooperation is smooth. opportunities for canal; WUA management ensures local communities / Increased water equitable distribution of unemployed youth, availability for waters to each zone along poor, during secondary and the tertiary canals, and to construction; tertiary canals, in ‘poor’ payers (of water Primary principle, leading tariffs). stakeholders / to improved beneficiaries are irrigation and the Nooken Rayon increased yields. Water Dept. Mud-flow bridge: n/a Reduction of risks Main risks are due to river of river flooding of flooding. fields, roads, settlements. Additional small-scale community-driven projects, related to Infrastructure / irrigation: Rehabilitation of the Reduction of water Potentially The ‘voice’ of the poorest/ tertiary canals: losses/ increased increased most vulnerable households water availability for production and and/or female farmers are irrigation, and yields due to heard and taken into potentially improved account (poor payers of increased water irrigation and WUA tariffs) in WUA efficiency. increased #ha of decision making and farm land being implementation of such irrigated; activities. Potentially thus increased incomes and/ or food security / poverty reduction. Additional small-scale community-driven projects related to agriculture extension, food security, poverty reduction, nutrition, inclusiveness, gender equality: Micro-scale, low- Water saving Improved Identification of interested tech, low-cost drip- irrigation of on-farm households women and vulnerable irrigation/’green gardens and small nutrition and households is house’ cultivation of plots, cultivated by increased food participatory/need- vegetables, fruits, women, primarily, security; and/or based/interest-based and/or herbs, spices, and potentially Increased income the intended beneficiaries berries; on-farm expansion of of women farmers are interested in the activity. gardens plots, by irrigated land for and/or vulnerable women, poor vegetables on-farm households, households: or on-field; poverty reduction;
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 152
Sub-project Direct benefits: Indirect benefits: Assumption: component: Extension of Capacity building cultivation season and (use of empowerment of greenhouses); women and Reduced expenses vulnerable on ground water households. consumption. Testing of climate Potentially, Potentially Farmers (coops or change-resilient new increased yields. improved food individual) / WUA clients are crops or farming security; and/or interested in agricultural methodologies on increased income extension and testing new irrigated land with and poverty crops. farmers/ reduction. Cooperatives: Testing of (high- Potentially, Poverty reduction. A market / value chain value) new crops on increased income. survey is indicating that irrigated land with extension or demonstration farmers / of new high-value crops Cooperatives should be introduced to farmers. Testing / Improved soil Improved income Farmers want to spend the demonstrating crop fertility and and poverty improved irrigation of land rotation with increased food crop reduction, on production of animal legumes on the or cash crop yields. improved fodder (clover and other irrigated land (alfalfa, households food crops) for increasing mustard, beans, security and livestock population (for lucerne etc.): nutrition. marketing meat and milk).
252. In summary, project positive effects on poverty and gender equality include, but are not limited to: - Increased community spirits, social inclusion and gender equality; - Women’s increased participation in decision making and leadership; - Equitable and inclusive access to and future distribution of irrigation water and modern, efficient infrastructure for all female and male farmers (members of WUA and WUG); - Decreases households expenses on irrigation water; - Farmers’, including women and vulnerable households, increased knowledge and skills, income and empowerment, through increased access to extension services and training; - Reduction of women’s hardship and production workloads; - Increased household food security; and - Increased protection against floods and disaster will prevent households from the negative impacts of mudflow disasters and will secure irrigation water. 253. The indirect beneficiaries of the sub-project components include Government stakeholders at all levels, primarily the Water Department staff at Oblast and Rayon level, who can benefit directly from training and capacity building, and indirectly from the civil works, financed by the project, which would ‘create room’ in the Department’s own budgets. The Ayul Okmotu (municipality) administration will benefit indirectly from the sub-project in the sense that all sub-project components would potentially reduce vulnerability and poverty, which could, potentially reduce the A.O. social welfare expenses / budgets. 254. For more information about the social development side of the subproject, please refer to the Poverty, Social and Gender Assessment and Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 153
V.13. Cumulative Impacts
255. In the previous sections, the environmental impacts of the five project investment components were analyzed separately, for the sake of clarity and comprehensiveness. However, this approach does not allow identifying potential cumulative impacts. Cumulative impacts can be of two types: i) same impacts occurring at different places; ii) impacts of different project components occurring at the same place. The cumulative impacts can concern the construction period, the physical characteristics of the project components (e.g., surface area), or the operational period. 256. With respect to the Pravaya-Vetka subproject, cumulative impacts first apply to the operational period, as it is the global effect of all the planned investments, which will improve the water resource management and natural disasters reduction within the irrigation system (synergic effects). 257. Cumulative impacts also apply to environmental negative impacts. In the framework of the present project, they mainly concern the construction period: ▪ The hydrobiological impacts of the works of the mudflow crossing structures 2 and 3 will cumulate, as they affect the same river (Shaidan river). Both construction works will have to be scheduled in order to minimize these impacts. ▪ If the works of the project components 3 and 5 are carried out at the same time, nuisances like noise, dust, air pollution, visual intrusion would cumulate. However, as the construction sites are far from the dwelling areas, the impacts would remain low. ▪ If all the project components were constructed at the same time, significant nuisances (noise, air pollution, traffic safety) would arise because of the high traffic levels on local roads. However, it is more likely that the different construction works will spread out over a year.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 154
VI. ALTERNATIVES TO THE SELECTED SUBPROJECT
258. As the selected Pravaya-Vetka subproject mainly deals with the rehabilitation of an irrigation system, there is no real alternative in terms of site, technology, design, and operation. However, during the feasibility study, two project components were added. While, at first, only one mudflow crossing structure replacement was included in the subproject (n°3), it was considered that two others mudflow crossing structures should be subject to construction or rehabilitation works (n°1 and 2). No other alternatives have been discussed with SAWR. 259. On Mudflow Crossing Structure n°1, one of the farmers requested the mudflow channel on the south side of the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation canal to be set within buried culvert. This would avoid the permanent land take and risk of humans and animals falling into the deep channel. He has been replied that this option would be studied. However, it quickly became clear to the designers that such option could not be realistic due to cost and maintenance issues, the latter relating to possible debris entering the culvert and causing a blockage. Nevertheless, it can be considered that it would be worth looking at this option in more detail and provide cost benefit analysis of the two options. It is understood that there are already trash screens fitted to the upstream side of the road culverts. A total alternative approach would be to refill the eroded channel, which will need to be completed sometime to prevent the road falling into the eroded hole and then placing a concrete lined channel at surface level, crossing the irrigation canal at a higher level and using a culvert below surface level with a steep gradient to take the mudflows to the river edge. 260. A “No Action Alternative” would be not to undertake the proposed subproject. This alternative would result in the continued deterioration of the irrigation system, water losses, and worse irrigation distribution. All positive benefits would be foregone. The relatively minor environmental impacts and inconveniences would be avoided in the short-term. In the long-term, however, the steadily decline of the irrigation system would severely hamper economic development in this agricultural area.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 155
VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION
VII.1. Process Undertaken During the Project Preparation for Engaging Stakeholders
261. The process undertaken during the Pravaya-Vetka subproject design and preparation for informing and engaging the stakeholders first started by a three days field visit of the environment and social development specialists, from Monday 26th March to 29th March, 2018. The activities undertaken during this field mission were: ▪ Site visit of the proposed sub-project; ▪ semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders at Oblast, Rayon, Ayul Okmotu (A.O) levels, Water Dept and MoES staff, A.O social workers, WUA representatives, individual female farmers, villagers at risk of mud-flooding; ▪ Identified target beneficiary communities (A.O, WUA, villages) and collected environmental, demographic and socio-economic baseline data from target A.O / “A.O. passports” (Aral, Sakaldy, Nooken). 262. Interviews and meetings were an opportunity for project information disclosure and consultation with affected people and other stakeholders. The list of people met during this field visit is presented in Appendix 3.
Figure 62: Some of the meetings held during the site visit
Meeting with Nooken Rayon / Meeting with Aral A.O. Meeting with Social Welfare Water management department Chairman and Deputy Officers, Masy A.O Chairman:
Meeting with a couple of farmers Meeting with a female farmer
263. During the project feasibility study, the land acquisition and resettlement specialist met the two farmers concerned by land acquisition on mudflow crossing structure n°1. Contacts with these
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 156
farmers were maintained during the whole design process. 264. Last, a public hearing was organized the 13th June, 2018 in Massy (main municipality of the district). This meeting gathered 35 persons (see the list of participants in Appendix 3). Affected households by land acquisition were invited to participate, but did not attend the meeting because they received the necessary information during previous conversations and discussions. The information presented to the participants was first the purpose of the project, the works currently being conducted, and the subproject components. Then the environmental assessment process was dealt with, including a presentation of possible emergence of conflicts during the project implementation and the existing mechanisms and ways to resolve these conflicts. The speakers answered the questions of the participants.
VII.2. Summary of the Comments and Concerns Received from Affected People and other Stakeholders
265. All affected people and stakeholders are expecting significant improvements with the subproject implementation. During the field mission, the following comments and concerns were collected: ▪ Farmers face either flooding and too much water for their fields, when they don’t need much water; - or draught/water scarcity, during the production season; ▪ The biggest problem for farmers /WUA is the poor conditions of the (tertiary) channel system, which lead to big losses (up to 40%) of irrigation water before it reaches the field; ▪ However, they also recognize that some crops are over-irrigated, resulting in declining yields. So, they think the subproject could help build farmers’ awareness and capacity to manage water effectively and efficiently; ▪ With the zoning of land along the irrigation system, some zones and sub-groups of farmers are at the ‘tail’ and at the longest distance from the channels, and are therefore disadvantaged concerning access to water /irrigation; ▪ The major reason for poverty is small farmers’ lack of capital to invest in equipment and pay for labor to cultivate their land plots; lack of collateral for bank loans; ▪ The biggest problem for widows and other single women or people living with disabilities are lack of manpower /male labor to cultivate their fields. In some villages, 40% households are practicing male labor migration to Russia and Uzbekistan, due to lack of employment opportunities and land scarcity, poverty, hence, widows /single women often need to hire labor, which makes it little profitable to cultivate / lease land and pay for water. ▪ Due to male labor migration, the younger women/wives are often de facto farm and water managers, but poorly represented in the WUA Boards WUA Management groups. ▪ Inter-farm conflicts and intra-farm conflicts (family members potential conflicts of interest / husband- wife) over land and water should be reduced after the subproject implementation; ▪ Apart from meteorological disasters (flood, mudflows and draught), no environmental issues were mentioned during meetings and interviews. 266. All these comments were addressed in project design, through the Poverty, Social and Gender Assessment, SPRSS, and GAD. 267. With respect to the two farmers impacted by land acquisition on mudflow crossing structure n°1, several options are currently studied to mitigate the impact. One of the farmers formulated three options: (i) Donation of the farmer’s assets for the construction of an overhead mudflow, structure with the condition of building a fence (wall) along the entire structure, providing irrigation water to its site, ensuring passage through the structure (bridge), planting trees in its section near the structure and providing the necessary assistance from the contractor to improvement of its remaining part of the site. (ii) Donation of his assets for the construction of an underground mudflow structure, with the condition of providing irrigation water, improving the soil on the site and planting trees. (iii) In case the two first options are not possible, receiving compensation for lost assets in accordance with the requirements and procedures of ADB and the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic. The second farmer is fully prepared to donate his assets to the project under the following conditions: (i) Installation of a pipe for irrigation; (ii) Installation of a bridge for passage through the mudflow construction; (iii) The new mudflow construction must be built and brought to the floodplain of the river. 268. These requests were discussed with the designers and engineers and it has been confirmed that these issues will be included in the design of the subproject.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 157
269. During the public hearing on 13th June, 2018, the main comments and concerns raised by the participants were: ▪ The canal is often filled up with sand and clay; ▪ Lack of water in some parts of the irrigation system. It is necessary to design new canal outlets/modules that will provide these lands with water; ▪ The project should consider the on-farm WUA network; ▪ Construction works should not create problems with water access during the agricultural season; ▪ Ensure that all WUAs are represented in the commission to participate in the studies; ▪ Water is distributed in % for each WUA. Is it possible to reconsider the percentages for WUAs that have been rehabilitated? ▪ Need to organize farmers’ cooperative farms, like former sovkhoz. 270. The subproject engineers answered these questions. The minutes of the meeting is presented in Appendix 4. No questions were asked on environmental or social issues.
VII.3. Information Disclosure Measures
271. Information disclosure and public consultations for the Pravaya-Vetka subproject is carried out in accordance with the ADB’ Public Communications Policy 2011, as discussed below. 272. Core- sub-project stakeholders / beneficiaries (definition): ▪ Primary stakeholders: Department of Water Resources and Melioration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Industry, and Melioration (Mud-flow control, rehabilitation of primary, secondary irrigation canals, access roads); ▪ Secondary stakeholders: WUA and WUA clients /irrigation farmers (cooperatives and/or individual households). 273. Objectives ▪ Meeting 1: Collection of stakeholders’ opinion, advice and questions about the core-sub- project and environmental and Land Acquisition scoping assessment process; ▪ Meeting 2: Collection of stakeholders’ comments and recommendations to the environmental assessment (IEE) report and Land Acquisition screening/scoping assessment report. 274. Schedule (i) Middle of June: Presentation of the project, based on the elements available at this time. (ii) End of August: Presentation of the IEE results. 275. Organization ▪ The MoA/Rayon Department of Water Resources and Melioration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Industry, and Melioration (presently SAWR) is in charge of reserving the meeting room, sending invitations to interested parties, and chairing the meetings. The meetings should be hold in one of the four concerned municipalities (Aiyul Ogmodul): Aral, Nooken, Sakaldy, and possibly Kenesh. The logic would be to choose the municipality according to the number of interested parties. It should be borne in mind that only preliminary information about the project will be available at the time of the first meeting (the feasibility study report is to be delivered at the end of July). At this preliminary stage, it is inappropriate to proceed to an extensive consultation process involving all the targeted beneficiaries/ farmers. The targeted meeting participants are representatives of WUA farmer cooperatives/farmer groups, and representatives of poor farmers. The objective is to gather at least 30 participants for each meeting and to aim at gender balance. Women should be invited from all stakeholder groups; WUA, farmer cooperatives /farmer groups, vulnerable groups; and Department of Water Resources and Melioration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Industry, and Melioration). ▪ Egis is in charge of preparing the visual aids, leading the discussion and writing the minutes. 276. General prescriptions: ▪ Relevant and adequate information (in Kyrgyz or Russian) about the project and IEE process/results has to be provided to interested parties together with the invitations to the meeting, at least one week before the meeting. ▪ The consultation process must be pro-poor, gender inclusive and responsive, and discussions must be addressing the needs of all farmers, including women and disadvantaged and vulnerable groups/ poor farmers. The issue of affordable and fair distribution of irrigation water should be discussed. ▪ Land Acquisition and resettlement and other potential adverse impacts and issues should be discussed during the meeting; ▪ Leaders or members of farmer cooperatives should represent the farmers. WUA represents WUA.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 158
VII.4. Summary of the Public Participation Activities Realized During the Design Phase
277. According to the Regulation on the Procedure for Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment in the Kyrgyz Republic (PPKR No. 60 dated February 13, 2015) Public hearings (consultations) are held at the stage of preliminary EIA (Pre-EIA or stage IEE (initial environmental examination) according to the ADB procedure). At this stage, the comments and proposals of the public on environmental protection issues have to be considered in the process of assessing the impact and making decisions regarding the implementation of the planned activities. In a case, when the Customer (the initiator) will be not able to provide answers immediately to the questions posed during the meeting on discussion (public consultation) of the EIA documentation, then the answers have to be sent to the respondents via the postal or e-mail address (specified during registration) within 30 calendar days from the date of the meeting. There were no such comments on Pravaya Vetka subproject in 2018. 278. Following public discussions during the preparation of IEE documentation in 2018, the project's initiator, EIA executor, local authorities and community have formed an agreed proposal on the feasibility and feasibility of implementing the planned activities in the proposed territory based on the environmental and related socio-economic and other consequences of its implementation. According to the Regulation the Procedure for Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment in the Kyrgyz Republic (PPKR No. 60 dated February 13, 2015) it has been stated that: - Clause 24: A meeting to discuss the EIA documentation is not held if the public has not addressed to the relevant local state administrations and/or local self-government bodies. There were no appeals from the public since 2018 to 2020. - Clause 23:" There … revision of the design solutions of the planned activities and EIA documentation are required (for example, at the insistence of the Bank) the public discussions (consultations) are resumed to consider other previously unrecorded impacts and consequences. Taking into consideration that regulation items and he suggested to the threat to assemble a big group of people during anti-COVID measures could cause problems during the preparation of IEE public consultation could not be managed. 279. During August-September Rural Advisory Services (RAS) and Community Development Teams carried out WUA capacity assessments and agro-economic surveys in four subprojects according to Olaf Verhejen’s methodology. This research was carried out by the CDTs of all WUAs within the service area of subprojects using the interview method. The interviews were realized on three topics with the following WUA representatives: • Institutional aspects of WUA: WUA Chairman and WUA Director. • Administrative and financial management: WUA Chairman, WUA Director and WUA Accountant (if available) • Operation and maintenance of on-farm irrigation system: WUA Chairman, WUA Director, WUA Irrigation Engineer (if available) and Murab(s). 280. The CDT’s Institutional/Social Expert conducted interviews on institutional aspects and internal management using the “Questionnaire on institutional aspects” and interviews on administrative and financial management using the “Questionnaire on administrative and financial management”. Irrigation Expert of CDT supervised the survey on the on-farm irrigation system operation and maintenance using the “Questionnaire on the operation and maintenance of the on-farm irrigation system”. The agro-economic survey was conducted in a focus group discussion (FGD) format for all WUAs located within the subproject service area. The FGD was attended by farmers from the head, middle and tail zones of the on-farm irrigation system and WUA representatives. RAS/CDTs completed the survey.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 159
Conducting FGD on agro-economic survey in Conducting FGD on agro-economic survey in WUAs in Bazar-Korgon Rayon in Pravaya Vetka WUAs in Nooken Rayon in Pravaya Vetka subproject subproject
281. PIU Safeguards Specialist, PIC Gender and Social Development Specialist visited Pravaya Vetka Subprojects area on 02/June/2020 in order to interview with the project affected peoples (AP). According to draft LARP (June 2018) Mrs. Satybush Ismailova (and her family) accepted as AP concerns related to the project have been received related to the payment of land acquisition.
Visits to the project areas/consultations with APs, Visits to the project areas/consultations with June 2020, Pravaya Vetka subproject APs, June 2020, Pravaya Vetka subproject
VII.5. Planned Information Disclosure Measures
282. After the disclosure of final IEE in ADBs and projects website, information disclosure and public consultations for the Pravaya-Vetka subproject will be carried out in future according to with the ADB’ Public Communications Policy 2011. The public, local state organizations, WUA’s will be regularly contacted and interviewed in the project activity during the project life cycle.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 160
VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)
VIII.1. Objectives
283. Objectives of the GRM are: - To reach mutually agreed solutions satisfactory to both the project and the APs, and to resolve any grievances locally, in consultation with the aggrieved party; - To facilitate the smooth implementation of the LARP, particularly to cut down on lengthy litigation processes and prevent delays in project implementation; and - To facilitate the development process at the local level, while maintaining transparency as well as to establish accountability to the affected people. - To handle, record, screen, process, track and reply the complains about the social, environmental and other safeguard related complains - Set Feedback - Encourage vulnerable individuals and/or groups to express their views
VIII.2. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
284. The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is a process and forum through which the affected people need a trusted way to voice and resolve concerns about LAR and other environmental social aspects and the project also finds an effective way to address affected people’s concerns. 285. Affected People (AP)s and local people have the right to file complaints and/or queries on any aspect of the project, including LAR, environmental and other safeguard issues. Under the GRM, people may appeal any decision, practice or activity related to the project. All possible avenues will be made available to the affected persons and others to voice their grievances. The PIU will ensure that grievances and complaints on any aspect of the project are addressed in a timely and effective manner. 286. The mechanism will consist of grievance resolution of two levels. Initial one will be Local Focal Point (LFP) at Ayil Okmoti (Village) level. And final one will be a Grievance Redress Group (GRG) at the subproject level. The Grievance Redress Groups (GRGs) will function for the duration of both LARP and project implementation. 287. The GRM covers issues related to social, environmental, and other safeguard issues under the ADB safeguard covenants and Kyrgyz laws.
VIII.2.1. Grievance Redress Groups
288. In order to provide all stakeholders directly involved in the implementation of subprojects with a platform for monitoring, reviewing, discussing and making decisions on issues related to the implementation of subprojects for each specific subproject, Subproject Coordinating Committees (SCC) are established. SCC is a deliberative and consultative board for a subproject, whose decisions are advisory in nature. 289. The composition of SCC may vary, depending on the specifics of the subproject, but generally they will include nominated members from: BWRM / RWRM (Regional and District Water Authorities); local self-governments (LSG); WUA; PIU; and other interested governmental and non-governmental institutions. 290. SSC oversees activities and stakeholders at the subproject and the irrigation system level. The main functions o SCC include, but are not limited to the following: 1) Support implementation and monitoring of the subproject activities and progress reporting. 2) Review, discuss and approve the Joint Irrigation Management Plan prepared and agreed between the RWRM and WUA. 3) Consider conflicts and disputes between stakeholders involved in the subproject implementation. 291. SCC consists of appointed members from the following institutions:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 161
1) RWRM, 2) Local self-government, 3) WUA, 4) PIU, 5) And other interested state and non-governmental bodies. 292. The SCC may decide to invite one or more of the following as (permanent) observers without the right to vote: 1) Head of the Rayon Support Unit of WUAs (RSU). 2) Head of the Rural Development of the Rayon State Administration. 3) Members of the Community Development Team.
VIII.2.2. Local Focal Point
293. Any complaint related to social, environmental, and other safeguard issues will be received by a local coordinator as a Local Focal Point (LC/LFP). For every Aiyl Okmotu of a sub-project a LC/LFP will be appointed prior to the commencement of the project. LC/LFP will be responsible for the complaints handling process. LC/LFP is expected aware of context, facts, and system. 294. LC/LFP will be oriented about the handling, recording, screening, processing, tracking, and replying the complains. LC/LFP will be supplied with brochures, pamphlets, or electronic based information, should be made readily available to complainants and other relevant interested parties. Such information should be provided in clear language and so far, as is reasonable, in formats accessible to all, so that no complainants are disadvantaged.
VIII.2.3. Construction Contractors
295. After receiving and screening the complaint, LC/LFP will direct the complaint to the Construction Contractor (CC) if it is related to his activities. After that Construction Contractor will be responsible for the resolving complaints. After resolving the complaint CC will inform the LC/LFP and report this complains in CC’s monthly EMR. The time period of resettling and/or resolving the complaint is 7 days. 296. CC will record grievance and date submitted, action(s) taken and date(s), resolution (if any) and date, and follow-up yet to be taken—grievances listed should include those received since the preceding report and those that were unresolved at the time of that report. Grievance data should be gender disaggregated. Sensitivity may be needed around SEA or GBV issues raised. 297. CC will compensate and/or repair the damages given to any agricultural area, public utilities such as roads, electricity lines, etc. CC will be responsible to compensate the agricultural loss of the farmers in case of delay in the construction program which cares of irrigation seasons. 298. CC will create a separate GRM for CC’s workers including subconsultants. CC’s GRM will also include occurrence date, grievance, and date submitted; actions taken and dates; resolution (if any) and date; and follow-up yet to be taken—grievances listed should include those received since the preceding report and those that were unresolved at the time of that report. The grievances shall be reported monthly EMR of CC.
VIII.2.4. Grievance Resolution Process
299. The complaints and grievances from the APs will be addressed through the procedure described in Figure 63 and Table 35 further illustrates it. Thus, this GRM process, subject to all complaints handling procedures in accordance with the legislative and regulatory requirements of the Kyrgyz Republic, may take from 3 to 40 days.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 162
Complainant Inform Step 1: 3 days
Local Coordinator / Local Focal Point (LC/LFP)
Step 2: 7 days
Construction No Yes Negotiation Contractors Complaint Settled Successful (CC)
No
GRG / Sub-project Coordination Committee
Step 3: from 15 up to 30 days
Yes Grievance Resolved
No
Figure 63 Grievance Redress Procedure
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 163
Table 35 Grievance Redress Procedure Step Action Level Process Timeline 1 Resolution At initial stage, the LC/LFP will give hearing to the aggrieved person or 3 days by LC/LFP complaint and try to give acceptable solutions. If an aggrieved person or complaint is not satisfied with the solutions, then the complaint will lodge grievances in written to the GRG and/or the relevant Construction Contractor within 3 days. 2 Resolution at After receiving and screening the complaint, LC/LFP will direct the 7 days local level by complaint to the Construction Contractor (CC) if it is related to his CC activities. After that Construction Contractor will be responsible for the resolving complaints. 3 Resolution at After receiving written complaint, LC/LFP will review and prepare a 15-37 days subproject Case File (see Annex 1) for GRG (SCC) hearing and resolution. A level by GRG formal hearing will be held with the GRG (SCC) on a date fixed by the (SCC) LC/LFP in consultation with the aggrieved person. On the date of hearing, the aggrieved person will appear before the GRG and present proofs in support of his/her claim. LC/LFP will note down the statements of the complainant and document all proofs. The decision from majority of the members will be considered final from the GRG and will be issued by the LC/LFP and signed by other members of the GRG. The case record will be updated, and the decision will be communicated to the aggrieved person by the LC/LFP within 7 days.
VIII.2.5. Additional Mechanisms
300. Any physical and legal person, any appellant can communicate his/her concern to the court at any stage of grievance redress. The GRGs will not restrict or influence the AP from applying to court for legal remedies. 301. If the complaint is found invalid, the GRG will formulate a response and send a written letter to the complainant, explaining the reasons of rejection. 302. In addition, ADB has its Accountability Mechanism Policy (2012)1 that is to be accountable to people for ADB-assisted projects as a last resort mechanism. The accountability mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures. 303. The complainant, if not satisfied with GRG’s decision or even the court’s decision, can appeal the case to Office of the Special Office Facilitator of ADB2. The GRGs will not in any way impede APs’ access to the ADB Accountability Mechanism. 304. All expenses incurred by affected households in grievance/complaint filing and its resolution will be covered by the project.
VIII.3. Complaint Documentation
305. The PIU of the SAWR will document all grievances in both written and electronic forms.
1 https://www.adb.org/site/accountability-mechanism/main 2 www.adb.org/site/accountability-mechanisn/contacts
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 164
IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
IX.1. Purpose and Content of the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
306. The Environment Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) is aimed at contributing to sustainable development and minimizing any negative environmental impacts. Through this document, the contractor is committed to continuous improvement of environmental performance, implementation of appropriate environmental management systems, fulfilment of all relevant statutory obligations, and cooperation with the appropriate authorities. The main objectives of the EMMP are: ▪ To comply with the ADB’s prescriptions and Kyrgyz legislation relevant to the project, ▪ To take all the necessary precautions to protect the surroundings from any pollution that may arise from the construction processes, ▪ To reduce the effect of noise, dust, disturbance, emissions and inconvenience from operational activities, ▪ To develop, publish and monitor formal policy, establishing formal organizational arrangements for environmental management, ▪ To nominate an Environmental Officer with specific responsibility for environmental matters, ▪ To develop a framework for continued environmental improvement through the progressive implementation of an environmental management system, which will ensure that the environmental impact of the project is evaluated, ▪ To prepare plans and management procedures for the prevention of pollution, ▪ To produce action plans, which set realistic and achievable targets, and monitoring, reviewing and updating these plans according to the activities, ▪ To work closely with SAWR, SAEPF, partners, consultants, suppliers, subcontractors and, where appropriate, members of the community to develop good environmental practices and solutions, ▪ Actively involve employees and ensure that appropriate training is given to raise awareness and appreciation of environmental issues. 307. The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan includes the following key components (with the level of detail commensurate with the project’s impacts and risks): mitigation, monitoring, implementation arrangements, performance indicators. The EMMP will be presented in two parts in the following sections: (i) Management of the impacts; (ii) Monitoring and implementation arrangements.
IX.2. Environmental Management Plan
308. One EMP is provided for each subproject component, divided into construction and operation (if relevant), under the form of a table with the following headings: potential issues / impacts, mitigation / management measures, impact/ performance indicators, implementation responsibilities.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 165
Table 36: Environmental management plan related to component 1- mudflow crossing structure No°1 Impact / Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures performance responsibilities indicators Construction period Potential damage to public or The Contractor shall bear the sole responsibility of any damages that may occur Number of Contractor, private properties and public during the work execution for the adjacent properties and buildings of the work grievances under the facilities. site, and shall bear the direct responsibility, of any death, injuries, damages, submitted / authority of the stealing or losses whatsoever their type that may result due to his negligence, his number of SAWR Unit agents, his workmen or the negligence of his sub-contractors during the work grievances Head of the execution. The Contractor should maintain and protect all public utilities inside or redressed Project adjacent to the work sites and should take the necessary measures to ensure Implementation their continuous operation without any damage therein even if the matter has Office (PIO). necessitated supporting, suspension or diversion of these public utilities outside the work site. Items damaged or interfered with as a result of the works, as well as those removed to enable the works to be carried out, shall be reinstated to condition at least the same they had been at before the works had started. Water pollution from construction Works to be conducted when the canal is empty (after the agricultural season). Construction Contractor, machines (accidental spill of oil Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling. Within the project period under the from machinery), equipment and detail planning, maintenance yards have to be designed. Dedicated drainages Number of spill authority of the material stores, poor sanitation at need to be considered that can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be emergencies Construction work sites, release of soil and captured at source and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated recorded / number Supervisor of the cement into surface water. areas away from surface water resources. Proper training of the machinists must of spill PIO. ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost care and disposal emergencies of any residue from these activities. contained and In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall cleaned (based on be located close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In Environment such cases, the constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work Incident Forms) camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements. Air Pollution from earthworks, Take all necessary precautions to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or Number of Contractor, demolition/construction activities fumes from the site concrete plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such grievances under the and transport (atmospheric emissions and fumes into residential areas. In particular, the plant shall be well submitted / authority of the pollutants, dust and cement), maintained and measures taken so as not to be left running unnecessarily for number of Construction long periods when not directly in use. Not install any furnace, boiler or other
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 166
Impact / Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures performance responsibilities indicators especially during the dry or strong similar plant or equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants without grievances Supervisor of the prevailing winds periods. the prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical redressed PIO. Safety. Instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin. Noise and vibration from trucks and Consider noise as an environmental constraint, which must be addressed in the Number of Contractor, construction machinery. planning and execution of the works. Take all reasonable measures to reduce grievances under the noise to a minimum. Take all necessary measures to ensure that the operation of submitted / authority of the all mechanical equipment and construction processes, on or off site, shall not number of Construction cause any unnecessary and excessive noise which may disturb any occupant of grievances Supervisor of the nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with similar sensitivity to noise. redressed PIO. The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and will be prohibited in weekends. Solid wastes from construction Spoils generated by excavations shall be disposed of in the nearby Kara-Unkur- Number of fly- Contractor, activities are mainly spoils (loams Sai floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of vegetation (bare gravel tipping / daily logs under the and gravel-pebble deposits) strands), but must not be exposed to frequent floods. The deposits will be spread of all spoil authority of the generated by excavations (420 m³). out so as not forming a mound. The site used to provide the backfilling material removed from Construction Disposal of these materials on land could also be used for the disposal of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be site, with precise Supervisor of the may cause destruction of plants, temporary stockpiled, and the area used for the temporary deposit will then be GPS location PIO. loss of vegetation, unsightly view restored. and other nuisances to the local The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation community. and disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Construction materials extracted The backfilling material required for the construction works will come from the Daily logs of all Contractor, from borrow pits or quarries. Kara-Unkur-Sai floodplain, and the rubble stones from quarries. The Contractor, backfilling material under the Possible risks of erosion, mudflow, who will prepare a detailed Borrow Pit and Quarry Management Plan, will select carried to site, authority of the impact on fauna and flora, visual them. It its expected at this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow with precise GPS Construction pits / quarries. The borrow pits for backfilling material have to be devoided of location
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 167
Impact / Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures performance responsibilities indicators and landscape impact, safety vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will be filled with spoils or Supervisor of the issues… secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. PIO. Visual intrusion. During the Keep the site reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and store or Visual inspection Contractor, construction period, the visual dispose of any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear away and under the quality is usually poor, because of remove from the site any wreckage, rubbish or temporary works no longer authority of the material stockpiles, waste depots, required. After the completion of the works, immediately clear the work site from Construction prefabricated offices and all materials, dust and rubbish. Supervisor of the construction machines. PIO. Access and safety issues due to Take all the necessary arrangements and precautions during the execution of the Number of Contractor, traffic works to avoid disturbance to the public, any reason that may prevent the access emergency events under the or the use of the public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. Use the suitable recorded / number authority of the and appropriate means of transport, and take all necessary arrangement and of emergency Construction precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the public roads or bridges events treated Supervisor of the located on the route from and to the work site. (based on PIO. Environment Incident Forms) Occupational hazards (hygiene and Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to prevent any Number and Contractor, safety risks) accidents through construction of temporary fencing around the site in an frequency of under the appropriate height and type. Bear the responsibility to guard and secure the work accidents authority of the site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting recorded Construction thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, take all Supervisor of the necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the PIO. workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 168
Impact / Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures performance responsibilities indicators Communicable diseases: Clause on occupational health and safety measures. Distribute or request that the Number of Contractor, STI/HIV/AIDS, T.B., Dengue fever, local health officer distribute information material and free condoms to his/her infections under the scabies, bed bugs and other workers and the local sex-workers. Require that construction contractors detected among authority of the diseases and infections). maximize the number of local, residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local the workers Social communities from imported labor. Safeguard Specialist of the PMO COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for emergency response plan Number of Contractor, (including detailed section with measures and algorithm on COVID-19), health infections under the and safety management plan (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be detected among authority of the included in SSEMP. COVID measures will cover at least temperature the workers Social measurement in access to working or camping site, social distancing in camping Safeguard and working facilities where applicable, use of face masks, enhanced cleaning Specialist of the procedures, education and training, action procedures for suspected or actual PMO COVID-19 cases, following the national regulations and circulars, etc. Employment opportunities for local See recommendations of the reports on “Poverty, Social and Gender Number of local Contractor, communities Assessment” and “Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy” employees on the under the construction authority of the works Social Safeguard Specialist of the PMO Loss of nesting sites in the mud The works will have to take place out of the nesting season (May to July). A Construction Contractor, walls of the gully. dozen of nest boxes 25 × 25 × 25 cm (access diameter: 60 mm), will be installed period / Number under the on nearby pylons and trees. of nest boxes authority of the installed Construction Supervisor of the PIO. The ditch may impair fauna The slope of the walls of the ditch connecting the mudflow crossing structure to Compliance with Contractor, movements alongside the right the river floodplain must not exceed 1/1, in order to reduce safety risks and allow the mitigation under the bank of the Kara-Unkur-Sai River. animals or people fallen by accident into the ditch to get out more easily. measure authority of the Construction Supervisor of the PIO.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 169
Impact / Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures performance responsibilities indicators Disturbance of agricultural activities Carry out the construction activities after the agricultural season. Construction Contractor, will result from access restriction, period under the soil compaction, trenching. authority of the Construction Supervisor of the PIO. Trees that will be cut down Plant new trees for the cut ones to the location defined by the local environmental Construction Contractor, component 2 construction site (45 authorities. period under the pieces), component 3 construction authority of the site (255 pieces), component 4 Construction construction site (2 pieces), Supervisor of the component 5 construction site (3 PIO. pieces) Loss of land for two farmers, due to As the land plots were provided to households for use and improvement on the Compliance with SAWR the construction of the ditch basis of the decision of the local self-government, the two farmers agreed upon a the mitigation downstream the mudflow crossing donation of the land needed for the construction works. measures structure. These land users do not Financial compensations will be provided to the two farmers: based on the pay rent and land tax to local harvest value for one year for the loss of corn and rice fields, based on market authorities for the used land. value for the two trees, and based on the full replacement cost for the fence. Considering that land cultivation by households was carried out based on a formal decision of the local government, households affected by the impact should be considered with legitimate rights. The hydraulic structure will also act A bridge shall be built over the ditch to allow access to the agricultural plots. Compliance with Contractor, like a barrier, cutting the farm the mitigation under the holdings into two pieces. measures authority of the Construction Supervisor of the PIO. Detection of historical and cultural In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre-historical, historical or Historic and/or Contractor, finds (HCF) archaeological materials the contractor will implement a chance find procedure cultural asses Consultant and including the activities of (i) Contractor will stop works and notify PIU; (ii) PIU will protected LGB
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 170
Impact / Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures performance responsibilities indicators contact and inform the Ministry of Culture about the potential find; (iii) No works will proceed until the Ministry of Culture issues in writing that it is safe to proceed; (iv) The findings should be reported to ADB as unanticipated impact together with the actions by PIU and contractors. Operational period Even without flows, the new The ditch shall be fenced on his whole length, downstream and upstream the Compliance with Contractor, hydraulic structures represent a mudflow crossing structure. the mitigation under the danger to people and livestock, measures authority of the because of their deepness and Construction steep banks, especially in the Supervisor of the upstream section (between the PIO. road and the canal).
309. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 171
Table 37: Environmental management plan related to component 2- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 117+00 to HM 131+03. Section No.1 Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators Construction period Potential damage to The Contractor shall bear the sole responsibility of any damages that may occur during the Number of SAWR Unit public or private work execution for the adjacent properties and buildings of the work site, and shall bear the grievances Head of the properties and public direct responsibility, of any death, injuries, damages, stealing or losses whatsoever their submitted / Project facilities type that may result due to his negligence, his agents, his workmen or the negligence of his number of Implementation sub-contractors during the work execution. The Contractor should maintain and protect all grievances Office. public utilities inside or adjacent to the work sites and should take the necessary measures redressed to ensure their continuous operation without any damage therein even if the matter has necessitated supporting, suspension or diversion of these public utilities outside the work site. Items damaged or interfered with as a result of the works, as well as those removed to enable the works to be carried out, shall be reinstated to condition at least the same they had been at before the works had started. Water pollution from Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling. Within the project detail Number of spill Contractor, construction machines planning, maintenance yards have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be emergencies under the (accidental spill of oil from considered that can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at source recorded / number authority of the machinery), equipment and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated areas away from surface of spill Construction and material stores, poor water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes emergencies Supervisor of the sanitation at work sites, are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. contained and PIO. Randomly release of soil and In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located cleaned (based on control by the cement into surface water close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the Environment SIETS. (canal). constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure Incident Forms) planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements. Air Pollution from Take all necessary precautions to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes Number of Contractor, earthworks, from the site concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions and grievances under the demolition/construction fumes into residential areas. In particular, the plant shall be well maintained and measures submitted / authority of the activities and transport taken so as not to be left running unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. number of Construction (atmospheric pollutants, Not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment using any fuel that may grievances Supervisor of the dust and cement), produce air pollutants without the prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological redressed PIO. especially during the dry and Technical Safety. or strong prevailing winds periods.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 172
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators Instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin. Noise and vibration from Consider noise as an environmental constraint, which must be addressed in the planning Number of Contractor, trucks and construction and execution of the works. Take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. grievances under the machinery. Take all necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical equipment and submitted / authority of the construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause any unnecessary and excessive number of Construction noise which may disturb any occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises grievances Supervisor of the with similar sensitivity to noise. The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 redressed PIO. pm) and will be prohibited in weekends. Solid wastes from The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and Number of fly- Contractor, construction activities are disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on tipping / daily logs under the mainly spoils (loams and Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be of all spoil authority of the gravel-pebble deposits) carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct removed from Construction generated by excavations depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of site, with precise Supervisor of the (1 570 m³). Disposal of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and GPS location PIO. these materials on land at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. may cause destruction of plants, loss of vegetation, unsightly view and other nuisances to the local community. Construction materials The Contractor, who will prepare a detailed Borrow Pit Management Plan, will select them. Daily logs of all Contractor, extracted from borrow It its expected at this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits. The backfilling material under the pits. Possible risks of pebbles borrow pits have to be devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After carried to site, authority of the erosion, mudflow, impact extraction, they will be filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid with precise GPS Construction on fauna and flora, visual accidents. location Supervisor of the and landscape impact, PIO. safety issues… Visual intrusion. During Keep the site reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and store or dispose of Visual inspection Contractor, the construction period, any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear away and remove from the site under the the visual quality is any wreckage, rubbish or temporary works no longer required. After the completion of the authority of the usually poor, because of works, immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Construction material stockpiles, waste Supervisor of the depots, prefabricated PIO.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 173
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators offices and construction machines. Access and safety issues Take all the necessary arrangements and precautions during the execution of the works to Number of Contractor, due to traffic avoid disturbance to the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the emergency events under the public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. Use the suitable and appropriate means of recorded / number authority of the transport, and take all necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or of emergency Construction destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. events treated Supervisor of the (based on PIO. Environment Incident Forms) Occupational hazards Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to prevent any accidents Number and Contractor, (hygiene and safety risks) through construction of temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and frequency of under the type. Bear the responsibility to guard and secure the work site during night and daytime (24 accidents authority of the hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting recorded Construction equipment. In general, take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or Supervisor of the death cases for the workmen or any other person. PIO. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Detection of historical and In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre-historical, historical or Historic and/or cultural finds (HCF) archaeological materials the contractor will implement a chance find procedure including cultural asses the activities of (i) Contractor will stop works and notify PIU; (ii) PIU will contact and inform protected Contractor, the Ministry of Culture about the potential find; (iii) No works will proceed until the Ministry Consultant and of Culture issues in writing that it is safe to proceed; LGB (iv) The findings should be reported to ADB as unanticipated impact together with the actions by PIU and contractors. Communicable diseases: Clause on occupational health and safety measures. Distribute or request that the local Number of Contractor, STI/HIV/AIDS, T.B., health officer distribute information material and free condoms to his/her workers and the infections under the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 174
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators Dengue fever, scabies, local sex-workers. Require that construction contractors maximize the number of local, detected among authority of the bed bugs and other residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. the workers Social diseases and infections). Safeguard Specialist of the PMO COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for emergency response plan Number of Contractor, (including detailed section with measures and algorithm on COVID-19), health and safety infections under the management plan (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be included in SSEMP. detected among authority of the COVID measures will cover at least temperature measurement in access to working or the workers Social camping site, social distancing in camping and working facilities where applicable, use of Safeguard face masks, enhanced cleaning procedures, education and training, action procedures for Specialist of the suspected or actual COVID-19 cases, following the national regulations and circulars, etc. PMO Employment opportunities See recommendations of the reports on “Poverty, Social and Gender Assessment” and Number of local Contractor, for local communities “Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy” employees on the under the construction authority of the works Social Safeguard Specialist of the PMO
310. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 175
Table 38: Environmental management plan related to component 3- Pravaya Vetka canal from HM 152+62 to 182+97 Section No.2 Potential issues / Mitigation / management measures Impact / Implementation Impacts performance responsibilities indicators Construction period Potential damage to The Contractor shall bear the sole responsibility of any damages that may occur during the work Number of SAWR Unit public or private execution for the adjacent properties and buildings of the work site, and shall bear the direct grievances Head of the properties and public responsibility, of any death, injuries, damages, stealing or losses whatsoever their type that may submitted / Project facilities result due to his negligence, his agents, his workmen or the negligence of his sub-contractors number of Implementation during the work execution. The Contractor should maintain and protect all public utilities inside or grievances Office. adjacent to the work sites and should take the necessary measures to ensure their continuous redressed operation without any damage therein even if the matter has necessitated supporting, suspension or diversion of these public utilities outside the work site. Items damaged or interfered with as a result of the works, as well as those removed to enable the works to be carried out, shall be reinstated to condition at least the same they had been at before the works had started. Water pollution from Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling. Within the project detail planning, Number of spill Contractor, construction maintenance yards have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be considered that can emergencies under the machines (accidental capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at source and refueling and recorded / authority of the spill of oil from maintenance must take place in dedicated areas away from surface water resources. Proper number of spill Construction machinery), training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes are undertaken with utmost emergencies Supervisor of the equipment and care and disposal of any residue from these activities. contained and PIO. Randomly material stores, poor In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located close cleaned (based control by the sanitation at work to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the constructor needs on Environment SIETS. sites, release of soil to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure planning (water supply, Incident Forms) and cement into electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and disposal). Workers need to be surface water trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental (canal). management requirements. Air Pollution from Take all necessary precautions to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes from the Number of Contractor, earthworks, site concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions and fumes into grievances under the demolition/constructi residential areas. In particular, the plant shall be well maintained and measures taken so as not submitted / authority of the on activities and to be left running unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. Not install any furnace, number of Construction transport boiler or other similar plant or equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants without grievances Supervisor of the (atmospheric the prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. redressed PIO. pollutants, dust and Instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust cement), especially nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) during the dry or and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 176
Potential issues / Mitigation / management measures Impact / Implementation Impacts performance responsibilities indicators strong prevailing winds periods. Noise and vibration Consider noise as an environmental constraint, which must be addressed in the planning and Number of Contractor, from trucks and execution of the works. Take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. Take all grievances under the construction necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical equipment and construction submitted / authority of the machinery. processes, on or off site, shall not cause any unnecessary and excessive noise which may number of Construction disturb any occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises with similar sensitivity grievances Supervisor of the to noise. The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 pm) and will be prohibited redressed PIO. in weekends. Solid wastes from Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan downstream floodplain. The Number of fly- Contractor, construction activities disposal site has to be devoid of vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to tipping / daily logs under the are mainly sediments frequent floods. The deposits will be spread out so as not forming a mound. The site used to of all spoil authority of the (silt, sand) extracted provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal of the spoils. In that case, the removed from Construction from the canal (2,300 spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and the area used for the temporary deposit will then be site, with precise Supervisor of the m³) and dismantled restored. GPS location PIO. concrete material The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and disposal from canal (50 m³). of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Disposal of these Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in materials on land accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of may cause excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed destruction of plants, from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips loss of vegetation, deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Spoils generated by excavations will be unsightly view and disposed of in the Shaidan downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of other nuisances to vegetation (bare gravel strands). The deposits will be spread out so as not forming a mound. the local community. The site used to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and the area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored. Construction The backfilling material required for the construction works will come from the Shaidan Daily logs of all Contractor, materials extracted floodplains. The Contractor, who will prepare a detailed Borrow Pit Management Plan, will select backfilling under the from borrow pits or them. It its expected at this stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits. The material carried authority of the quarries. Possible borrow pits have to be devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will be to site, with Construction risks of erosion, filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. precise GPS Supervisor of the mudflow, impact on location PIO. fauna and flora, visual and landscape
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 177
Potential issues / Mitigation / management measures Impact / Implementation Impacts performance responsibilities indicators impact, safety issues… Visual intrusion. Keep the site reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and store or dispose of any Visual inspection Contractor, During the constructional plant and surplus materials and clear away and remove from the site any under the construction period, wreckage, rubbish or temporary works no longer required. After the completion of the works, authority of the the visual quality is immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Construction usually poor, Supervisor of the because of material PIO. stockpiles, waste depots, prefabricated offices and construction machines. Access and safety Take all the necessary arrangements and precautions during the execution of the works to avoid Number of Contractor, issues due to traffic disturbance to the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the public & emergency under the private roads, footpaths, or properties. Use the suitable and appropriate means of transport, and events recorded / authority of the take all necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or destruction to the number of Construction public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. emergency Supervisor of the events treated PIO. (based on Environment Incident Forms) Occupational Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to prevent any accidents through Number and Contractor, hazards (hygiene construction of temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and type. Bear the frequency of under the and safety risks) responsibility to guard and secure the work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), accidents authority of the provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, recorded Construction take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the Supervisor of the workmen or any other person. PIO. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 178
Potential issues / Mitigation / management measures Impact / Implementation Impacts performance responsibilities indicators regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Detection of In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre-historical, historical or archaeological Historic and/or historical and cultural materials the contractor will implement a chance find procedure including the activities of (i) cultural asses finds (HCF) Contractor will stop works and notify PIU; (ii) PIU will contact and inform the Ministry of Culture protected Contractor, about the potential find; (iii) No works will proceed until the Ministry of Culture issues in writing Consultant and that it is safe to proceed; LGB (iv) The findings should be reported to ADB as unanticipated impact together with the actions by PIU and contractors. Communicable Clause on occupational health and safety measures. Distribute or request that the local health Number of Contractor, diseases: officer distribute information material and free condoms to his/her workers and the local sex- infections under the STI/HIV/AIDS, T.B., workers. Require that construction contractors maximize the number of local, residential detected among authority of the Dengue fever, workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. the workers Social scabies, bed bugs Safeguard and other diseases Specialist of the and infections). PMO COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for emergency response plan (including Number of Contractor, detailed section with measures and algorithm on COVID-19), health and safety management infections under the plan (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be included in SSEMP. COVID measures will detected among authority of the cover at least temperature measurement in access to working or camping site, social distancing the workers Social in camping and working facilities where applicable, use of face masks, enhanced cleaning Safeguard procedures, education and training, action procedures for suspected or actual COVID-19 cases, Specialist of the following the national regulations and circulars, etc. PMO Employment See recommendations of the reports on “Poverty, Social and Gender Assessment” and Number of local Contractor, opportunities for local “Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy” employees on the under the communities construction authority of the works Social Safeguard Specialist of the PMO
311. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 179
Table 39: Environmental management plan related to component 4-discharge outlet to the Vakhum-Aral canal at HM 146+46 Impact / performance Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures indicators responsibilities Construction period Soil and water pollution The works must be performed after the agricultural season. Construction period SAWR for main and secondary during canal construction Apart from possible accidental spill of pollutants, the excavated Number of spill canal works, WUA for lower- activities, including dumping soils are not supposed to be contaminated. They can therefore be emergencies recorded / level canals of excavated sediments reused to improve the levelling of agricultural plots. Accidental number of spill spills of pollutants have to be contained and cleaned. emergencies contained and cleaned (based on Environment Incident Forms) Solid wastes from Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Number of fly-tipping / Contractor, under the authority construction activities are Shaidan downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be daily logs of all spoil of the Construction Supervisor mainly sediments (silt, sand) devoid of vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be removed from site, with of the PIO. extracted from the canal (2 exposed to frequent floods. The deposits will be spread out so as precise GPS location m³). Disposal of these not forming a mound. The site used to provide the backfilling materials on land may cause material could also be used for the disposal of the spoils. In that destruction of plants, loss of case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and the area used vegetation, unsightly view for the temporary deposit will then be restored. and other nuisances to the The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at local community. site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of vegetation (bare gravel strands). The deposits will be spread out so as not forming a mound. The site used to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and the area used for the temporary deposit will then be restored.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 180
Impact / performance Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures indicators responsibilities Occupational hazards Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to Number and frequency of Contractor, under the authority (hygiene and safety risks) prevent any accidents through construction of temporary fencing accidents recorded of the Construction Supervisor around the site in an appropriate height and type. Bear the of the PIO. responsibility to guard and secure the work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Damage to trees or other Damaged or removed trees will have to be compensated with new Number of trees removed SAWR for main and secondary vegetation along the canals plantations. / planted. canal works, WUA for lower- level canals Loss of arable soils and land The water user groups and associations may need to implement Loss of arable soil (m²) WUG and WUA tenure problems small agricultural land consolidation. and % of the affected cultivated plots Interference with access and Construction of pedestrian or vehicle accesses over the canal. Number of pedestrian or SAWR for main and secondary movement vehicle accesses cut /built canal works, WUA for lower- level canals disturbance of agricultural Works to be conducted after the agricultural season. Construction period SAWR for main and secondary activities during the canal works, WUA construction works Detection of historical and In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre- Historic and/or cultural Contractor, Consultant and cultural finds (HCF) historical, historical or archaeological materials the contractor will asses protected LGB notify the Engineer immediately in writing, giving the location and
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 181
Impact / performance Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures indicators responsibilities nature of the findings. The Contractor shall not trespass, excavate in or otherwise disturb graveyards, whether shown on the Drawings or not. In the case of unidentified graveyards or burial sites, the Contractor shall notify the PIU/PIC in writing, and PIU/PIC shall make such design changes as are needed. COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for Number of infections Contractor, under the authority emergency response plan (including detailed section with detected among the of the Social Safeguard measures and algorithm on COVID-19), health and safety workers Specialist of the PMO management plan (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be included in SSEMP. COVID measures will cover at least temperature measurement in access to working or camping site, social distancing in camping and working facilities where applicable, use of face masks, enhanced cleaning procedures, education and training, action procedures for suspected or actual COVID-19 cases, following the national regulations and circulars, etc.
312. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 182
Table 40: Environmental management plan related to component 5- mudflow crossing No.2 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Massy canal Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators Construction period Potential damage to The Contractor shall bear the sole responsibility of any damages that may occur during the Number of SAWR Unit public or private work execution for the adjacent properties and buildings of the work site, and shall bear the grievances Head of the properties and public direct responsibility, of any death, injuries, damages, stealing or losses whatsoever their submitted / Project facilities type that may result due to his negligence, his agents, his workmen or the negligence of his number of Implementation sub-contractors during the work execution. The Contractor should maintain and protect all grievances Office. public utilities inside or adjacent to the work sites and should take the necessary measures redressed to ensure their continuous operation without any damage therein even if the matter has necessitated supporting, suspension or diversion of these public utilities outside the work site. Items damaged or interfered with as a result of the works, as well as those removed to enable the works to be carried out, shall be reinstated to condition at least the same they had been at before the works had started. The river may be diverted To minimize hydrobiological impacts (especially on the Turkestan catfish), the following Compliance with Contractor, into the canal during the measures will be implemented: the mitigation under the construction works. It (i) During the construction works, the river flows may be diverted into the canal. A weir will measures authority of the means that the river be built in this respect. As catfish species usually stay close to the river bottom, it may be Construction continuity may be assumed that the weir will be an obstacle to their movements. As a result, only a few Supervisor of the interrupted during the catfishes would reach the canal. A wire netting positioned at the top of the weir would Project construction works prevent any fish to pass into the canal. Implementation (between 1 and 2 (ii) To maintain the aquatic life downstream the works, an instream flow has to be Office. months). preserved. Usually, instream flows amount to at least 1/10 of the average yearly flow rate. Therefore, the instream flow to be considered for the Shaidan river should amount 200 l/s. A temporary pipe culvert must be installed in the river bed during the construction works to ensure this hydraulic continuity. Water pollution from To reduce possible pollution of the Masy secondary canal and safety issues, the works will Construction Contractor, construction machines be conducted when the canal is empty (after the agricultural season). period under the (accidental spill of oil from Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling. Within the project detail Number of spill authority of the machinery), equipment planning, maintenance yards have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be emergencies Construction and material stores, poor considered that can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at source recorded / number Supervisor of the sanitation at work sites, and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated areas away from surface of spill PIO. release of soil and water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes emergencies cement into surface water are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. contained and (either the river or the In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located cleaned (based on canal). close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 183
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure Environment planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and Incident Forms) disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements. Air Pollution from Take all necessary precautions to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes Number of Contractor, earthworks, from the site concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions and grievances under the demolition/construction fumes into residential areas. In particular, the plant shall be well maintained and measures submitted / authority of the activities and transport taken so as not to be left running unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. number of Construction (atmospheric pollutants, Not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment using any fuel that may grievances Supervisor of the dust and cement), produce air pollutants without the prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological redressed PIO. especially during the dry and Technical Safety. or strong prevailing winds Instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust periods. nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin. Noise and vibration from Consider noise as an environmental constraint, which must be addressed in the planning Number of Contractor, trucks and construction and execution of the works. Take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. grievances under the machinery. Take all necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical equipment and submitted / authority of the construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause any unnecessary and excessive number of Construction noise which may disturb any occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises grievances Supervisor of the with similar sensitivity to noise. The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 redressed PIO. pm) and will be prohibited in weekends. Solid wastes from The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and Number of fly- Contractor, construction activities are disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on tipping / daily logs under the mainly spoils (silt, sand, Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. The waste will be sent of all spoil authority of the gravels, pebbles) to an existing controlled disposal facility that can take this type of waste. The waste removed from Construction generated by excavations management plan as part of the SEMP will contain specific details on the facility and site, with precise Supervisor of the (900 m³) and dismantling management. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local GPS location PIO. of the current mudflow Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the crossing structure (200 m³ occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be of concrete and masonry maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for structures). Disposal of inspection by the relevant authorities. these materials on land may cause destruction of plants, loss of vegetation, unsightly view and other
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 184
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators nuisances to the local community. Construction materials The backfilling material required for the construction works will come from the Shaidan Daily logs of all Contractor, extracted from borrow pits floodplain, and the rubble stones from quarries. The Contractor, who will prepare a detailed backfilling material under the or quarries. Possible risks Borrow Pit and Quarry Management Plan, will select them. It its expected at this stage that carried to site, authority of the of erosion, mudflow, they will only use existing approved borrow pits / quarries. The borrow pits for backfilling with precise GPS Construction impact on fauna and flora, material have to be avoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After extraction, they will location Supervisor of the visual and landscape be secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid accidents. PIO. impact, safety issues… Visual intrusion. During Keep the site reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and store or dispose of Visual inspection Contractor, the construction period, any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear away and remove from the site under the the visual quality is any wreckage, rubbish or temporary works no longer required. After the completion of the authority of the usually poor, because of works, immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Construction material stockpiles, waste Supervisor of the depots, prefabricated PIO. offices and construction machines. Access and safety issues Take all the necessary arrangements and precautions during the execution of the works to Number of Contractor, due to traffic avoid disturbance to the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the emergency events under the public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. Use the suitable and appropriate means of recorded / number authority of the transport, and take all necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or of emergency Construction destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. events treated Supervisor of the (based on PIO. Environment Incident Forms) Occupational hazards Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to prevent any accidents Number and Contractor, (hygiene and safety risks) through construction of temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and frequency of under the type. Bear the responsibility to guard and secure the work site during night and daytime (24 accidents authority of the hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting recorded Construction equipment. In general, take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or Supervisor of the death cases for the workmen or any other person. PIO. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 185
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Detection of historical and In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre-historical, historical or Historic and/or cultural finds (HCF) archaeological materials the contractor will implement a chance find procedure including cultural asses the activities of (i) Contractor will stop works and notify PIU; (ii) PIU will contact and inform protected Contractor, the Ministry of Culture about the potential find; (iii) No works will proceed until the Ministry Consultant and of Culture issues in writing that it is safe to proceed; LGB (iv) The findings should be reported to ADB as unanticipated impact together with the actions by PIU and contractors. Disturbance to the An agreement has to be reached between the constructor and the restaurant’s owner to get No grievance Contractor, restaurant’s activity. access to the river right bank through his land plot in order to ensure minimum disturbance submitted by the under the (no damage to the premises, no works during the restaurant opening days and hours, restaurant’s owner authority of the replantation of any tree that will need to be cut or removed).) Construction Supervisor of the PIO. Communicable diseases: Clause on occupational health and safety measures. Distribute or request that the local Number of Contractor, STI/HIV/AIDS, T.B., health officer distribute information material and free condoms to his/her workers and the infections under the Dengue fever, scabies, local sex-workers. Require that construction contractors maximize the number of local, detected among authority of the bed bugs and other residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. the workers Social diseases and infections). Safeguard Specialist of the PMO COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for emergency response plan Number of Contractor, (including detailed section with measures and algorithm on COVID-19), health and safety infections under the management plan (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be included in SSEMP. detected among authority of the COVID measures will cover at least temperature measurement in access to working or the workers Social camping site, social distancing in camping and working facilities where applicable, use of Safeguard face masks, enhanced cleaning procedures, education and training, action procedures for Specialist of the suspected or actual COVID-19 cases, following the national regulations and circulars, etc. PMO Employment opportunities See recommendations of the reports on “Poverty, Social and Gender Assessment” and Number of local Contractor, for local communities “Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy” employees on the under the
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 186
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators construction authority of the works Social Safeguard Specialist of the PMO
314. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 187
Table 41: Environmental management plan component 6- mudflow crossing No.3 on the Shaidan-Sai river through the Pravaya Vetka canal at HM 160+00 Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators Construction period Potential damage to The Contractor shall bear the sole responsibility of any damages that may occur during the Number of SAWR Unit public or private work execution for the adjacent properties and buildings of the work site, and shall bear the grievances Head of the properties and public direct responsibility, of any death, injuries, damages, stealing or losses whatsoever their submitted / Project facilities type that may result due to his negligence, his agents, his workmen or the negligence of his number of Implementation sub-contractors during the work execution. The Contractor should maintain and protect all grievances Office. public utilities inside or adjacent to the work sites and should take the necessary measures redressed to ensure their continuous operation without any damage therein even if the matter has necessitated supporting, suspension or diversion of these public utilities outside the work site. Items damaged or interfered with as a result of the works, as well as those removed to enable the works to be carried out, shall be reinstated to condition at least the same they had been at before the works had started. The river may be diverted To minimize hydrobiological impacts (especially on the Turkestan catfish), the following Compliance with Contractor, into the canal during the measures will be implemented: the mitigation under the construction works. It (i) Both construction works for mudflow crossings n°2 and 3 have to be carried out at the measures authority of the means that the river same time. It will also simplify the works management for the crossing structure n°3, as it Construction continuity may be will not be necessary to divert the river flows into the canal. Supervisor of the interrupted during the (ii) To ensure the river flow continuity, the same instream flow temporary culvert as for the Project construction works crossing structure n°2 will have to be installed during the construction works. Implementation (between 1 and 2 Office. months). Water pollution from To reduce possible pollution of the Masy secondary canal and safety issues, the works will Construction Contractor, construction machines be conducted when the canal is empty (after the agricultural season). period under the (accidental spill of oil from Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling. Within the project detail Number of spill authority of the machinery), equipment planning, maintenance yards have to be designed. Dedicated drainages need to be emergencies Construction and material stores, poor considered that can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel need to be captured at source recorded / number Supervisor of the sanitation at work sites, and refueling and maintenance must take place in dedicated areas away from surface of spill PIO. Random release of soil and water resources. Proper training of the machinists must ensure that refilling and oil changes emergencies control by the cement into surface water are undertaken with utmost care and disposal of any residue from these activities. contained and SIETS. (either the river or the In case temporary work camps are required, construction of worker camps shall be located cleaned (based on canal). close to settlement areas but not near sensitive water resources. In such cases, the Environment constructor needs to provide a detailed design of each work camp including infrastructure Incident Forms) planning (water supply, electricity supply, waste management, wastewater treatment and TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 188
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators disposal). Workers need to be trained how to behave and to handle waste and waste water according environmental management requirements. Air Pollution from Take all necessary precautions to prevent the occurrence of smoke emissions or fumes Number of Contractor, earthworks, from the site concrete mixer plant or stored fuel oils, and drifting of such emissions and grievances under the demolition/construction fumes into residential areas. In particular, the plant shall be well maintained and measures submitted / authority of the activities and transport taken so as not to be left running unnecessarily for long periods when not directly in use. number of Construction (atmospheric pollutants, Not install any furnace, boiler or other similar plant or equipment using any fuel that may grievances Supervisor of the dust and cement), produce air pollutants without the prior written consent of the State Inspection on Ecological redressed PIO. especially during the dry and Technical Safety. or strong prevailing winds Instigate effective dust suppression measures as may be necessary to avoid creating dust periods. nuisance arising because of the works on site. Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported by trucks covered with tarpaulin. Noise and vibration from Consider noise as an environmental constraint, which must be addressed in the planning Number of Contractor, trucks and construction and execution of the works. Take all reasonable measures to reduce noise to a minimum. grievances under the machinery. Take all necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all mechanical equipment and submitted / authority of the construction processes, on or off site, shall not cause any unnecessary and excessive number of Construction noise which may disturb any occupant of nearby dwellings, schools, hospitals, or premises grievances Supervisor of the with similar sensitivity to noise. The construction works will be limited to daytime (8 am to 8 redressed PIO. pm) and will be prohibited in weekends. Solid wastes from Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan downstream floodplain. Number of fly- Contractor, construction activities are The disposal site has to be devoid of vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be tipping / daily logs under the mainly spoils (silt, sand, exposed to frequent floods. The deposits will be spread out so as not forming a mound. of all spoil authority of the gravels, pebbles) The site used to provide the backfilling material could also be used for the disposal of the removed from Construction generated by excavations spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and the area used for the site, with precise Supervisor of the (5 500 m³), and temporary deposit will then be restored. GPS location PIO. dismantling of the current The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, transportation and mudflow crossing disposal of waste shall be subject to the approval/review of the State Inspection on structure (200 m³of Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. The concrete debris will concrete debris). Disposal be sent to an existing controlled disposal facility that can take this type of waste. The waste of these materials on land management plan as part of the SEMP will contain specific details on the facility and may cause destruction of management. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local plants, loss of vegetation, Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the unsightly view and other occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be nuisances to the local maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for community. inspection by the relevant authorities.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 189
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators Construction materials The backfilling material required for the construction works will come from the Shaidan Daily logs of all Contractor, extracted from borrow pits floodplain, and the rubble stones / ripraps from quarries. The Contractor, who will prepare a backfilling material under the or quarries. Possible risks detailed Borrow Pit and Quarry Management Plan, will select them. It its expected at this carried to site, authority of the of erosion, mudflow, stage that they will only use existing approved borrow pits / quarries. The borrow pits for with precise GPS Construction impact on fauna and flora, backfilling material have to be devoided of vegetation (bare gravel strands). After location Supervisor of the visual and landscape extraction, they will be filled with spoils or secured with gentle slopes in order to avoid PIO. impact, safety issues… accidents. Visual intrusion. During Keep the site reasonably free from all unnecessary obstructions and store or dispose of Visual inspection Contractor, the construction period, any constructional plant and surplus materials and clear away and remove from the site under the the visual quality is any wreckage, rubbish or temporary works no longer required. After the completion of the authority of the usually poor, because of works, immediately clear the work site from all materials, dust and rubbish. Construction material stockpiles, waste Supervisor of the depots, prefabricated PIO. offices and construction machines. Access and safety issues Take all the necessary arrangements and precautions during the execution of the works to Number of Contractor, due to traffic avoid disturbance to the public, any reason that may prevent the access or the use of the emergency events under the public & private roads, footpaths, or properties. Use the suitable and appropriate means of recorded / number authority of the transport, and take all necessary arrangement and precautions to avoid any damage or of emergency Construction destruction to the public roads or bridges located on the route from and to the work site. events treated Supervisor of the (based on PIO. Environment Incident Forms) Occupational hazards Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to prevent any accidents Number and Contractor, (hygiene and safety risks) through construction of temporary fencing around the site in an appropriate height and frequency of under the type. Bear the responsibility to guard and secure the work site during night and daytime (24 accidents authority of the hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting recorded Construction equipment. In general, take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or Supervisor of the death cases for the workmen or any other person. PIO. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 190
Impact / Potential issues / Implementation Mitigation / management measures performance Impacts responsibilities indicators facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Detection of historical and In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre-historical, historical or Historic and/or cultural finds (HCF) archaeological materials the contractor will implement a chance find procedure including cultural asses the activities of (i) Contractor will stop works and notify PIU; (ii) PIU will contact and inform protected Contractor, the Ministry of Culture about the potential find; (iii) No works will proceed until the Ministry Consultant and of Culture issues in writing that it is safe to proceed; LGB (iv) The findings should be reported to ADB as unanticipated impact together with the actions by PIU and contractors. Communicable diseases: Clause on occupational health and safety measures. Distribute or request that the local Number of Contractor, STI/HIV/AIDS, T.B., health officer distribute information material and free condoms to his/her workers and the infections under the Dengue fever, scabies, local sex-workers. Require that construction contractors maximize the number of local, detected among authority of the bed bugs and other residential workers, to minimize the risk to the local communities from imported labor. the workers Social diseases and infections). Safeguard Specialist of the PMO COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for emergency response plan Number of Contractor, (including detailed section with measures and algorithm on COVID-19), health and safety infections under the management plan (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be included in SSEMP. detected among authority of the COVID measures will cover at least temperature measurement in access to working or the workers Social camping site, social distancing in camping and working facilities where applicable, use of Safeguard face masks, enhanced cleaning procedures, education and training, action procedures for Specialist of the suspected or actual COVID-19 cases, following the national regulations and circulars, etc. PMO Employment opportunities See recommendations of the reports on “Poverty, Social and Gender Assessment” and Number of local Contractor, for local communities “Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy” employees on the under the construction authority of the works Social Safeguard Specialist of the PMO
315. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 191
Table 42: Environmental management plan component 7- the discharge outlet at HM 161+00 Impact / performance Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures Implementation responsibilities indicators Construction period Soil and water pollution The works must be performed after the agricultural season. Construction period SAWR for main and secondary during canal construction Apart from possible accidental spill of pollutants, the excavated Number of spill canal works, WUA for lower-level activities, including soils are not supposed to be contaminated. They can therefore emergencies recorded / canals dumping of excavated be reused to improve the levelling of agricultural plots. number of spill sediments Accidental spills of pollutants have to be contained and cleaned. emergencies contained and cleaned (based on Environment Incident Forms) Solid wastes from Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Number of fly-tipping / Contractor, under the authority of construction activities are Shaidan downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be daily logs of all spoil the Construction Supervisor of mainly sediments (silt, devoid of vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be removed from site, with the PIO. sand) extracted from the exposed to frequent floods. The deposits will be spread out so precise GPS location canal (38 m³). Disposal of as not forming a mound. The site used to provide the backfilling these materials on land material could also be used for the disposal of the spoils. In that may cause destruction of case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and the area used plants, loss of vegetation, for the temporary deposit will then be restored. unsightly view and other The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at nuisances to the local site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the community. approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. The concrete debris will be sent to an existing controlled disposal facility that can take this type of waste. The waste management plan as part of the SEMP will contain specific details on the facility and management. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Occupational hazards Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to Number and frequency of Contractor, under the authority of (hygiene and safety risks) prevent any accidents through construction of temporary fencing accidents recorded the Construction Supervisor of around the site in an appropriate height and type. Bear the the PIO. responsibility to guard and secure the work site during night and TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 192
Impact / performance Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures Implementation responsibilities indicators daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Damage to trees or other Damaged or removed trees will have to be compensated with Number of trees removed SAWR for main and secondary vegetation along the canals new plantations. / planted. canal works, WUA for lower-level canals Loss of arable soils and The water user groups and associations may need to implement Loss of arable soil (m²) WUG and WUA land tenure problems small agricultural land consolidation. and % of the affected cultivated plots Interference with access Construction of pedestrian or vehicle accesses over the canal. Number of pedestrian or SAWR for main and secondary and movement vehicle accesses cut /built canal works, WUA for lower-level canals disturbance of agricultural Works to be conducted after the agricultural season. Construction period SAWR for main and secondary activities during the canal works, WUA for lower-level construction works canals Detection of historical and In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre- Historic and/or cultural cultural finds (HCF) historical, historical or archaeological materials the contractor will asses protected implement a chance find procedure including the activities of (i) Contractor will stop works and notify PIU; (ii) PIU will contact and Contractor, Consultant and LGB inform the Ministry of Culture about the potential find; (iii) No works will proceed until the Ministry of Culture issues in writing that it is safe to proceed;
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 193
Impact / performance Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures Implementation responsibilities indicators (iv) The findings should be reported to ADB as unanticipated impact together with the actions by PIU and contractors. COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for Number of infections Contractor, under the authority of emergency response plan (including detailed section with detected among the the Social Safeguard Specialist of measures and algorithm on COVID-19), health and safety workers the PMO management plan (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be included in SSEMP. COVID measures will cover at least temperature measurement in access to working or camping site, social distancing in camping and working facilities where applicable, use of face masks, enhanced cleaning procedures, education and training, action procedures for suspected or actual COVID-19 cases, following the national regulations and circulars, etc.
316. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 194
Table 43: Environmental management plan component 8- the bridge at HM 171+06 Impact / performance Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures indicators responsibilities Construction period Soil and water pollution The works must be performed after the agricultural season. Construction period SAWR for main and secondary during canal construction Apart from possible accidental spill of pollutants, the excavated soils Number of spill canal works, WUA for lower- activities, including are not supposed to be contaminated. They can therefore be reused emergencies recorded / level canals dumping of excavated to improve the levelling of agricultural plots. Accidental spills of number of spill sediments pollutants have to be contained and cleaned. emergencies contained and cleaned (based on Environment Incident Forms) Solid wastes from Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Shaidan Number of fly-tipping / Contractor, under the authority construction activities are downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be devoid of daily logs of all spoil of the Construction Supervisor mainly sediments (silt, vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be exposed to frequent removed from site, with of the PIO. sand) extracted from the floods. The deposits will be spread out so as not forming a mound. precise GPS location construction site (38 m³). The site used to provide the backfilling material could also be used Disposal of these materials for the disposal of the spoils. In that case, the spoils will be temporary on land may cause stockpiled, and the area used for the temporary deposit will then be destruction of plants, loss restored. of vegetation, unsightly The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at site, view and other nuisances transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the to the local community. approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. The concrete debris will be sent to an existing controlled disposal facility that can take this type of waste. The waste management plan as part of the SEMP will contain specific details on the facility and management. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Occupational hazards Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to Number and frequency Contractor, under the authority (hygiene and safety risks) prevent any accidents through construction of temporary fencing of accidents recorded of the Construction Supervisor around the site in an appropriate height and type. Bear the of the PIO. responsibility to guard and secure the work site during night and daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, take all TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 195
Impact / performance Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures indicators responsibilities necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Damage to trees or other Damaged or removed trees will have to be compensated with new Number of trees SAWR for main and secondary vegetation along the canals plantations. removed / planted. canal works, WUA for lower- level canals Loss of arable soils and The water user groups and associations may need to implement Loss of arable soil (m²) WUG and WUA land tenure problems small agricultural land consolidation. and % of the affected cultivated plots Interference with access Construction of pedestrian or vehicle accesses over the canal. Number of pedestrian or SAWR for main and secondary and movement vehicle accesses cut canal works, WUA for lower- /built level canals disturbance of agricultural Works to be conducted after the agricultural season. Construction period SAWR for main and secondary activities during the canal works, WUA for lower- construction works level canals Detection of historical and In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre-historical, Historic and/or cultural cultural finds (HCF) historical or archaeological materials the contractor will implement a asses protected chance find procedure including the activities of (i) Contractor will stop works and notify PIU; (ii) PIU will contact and inform the Ministry Contractor, Consultant and of Culture about the potential find; (iii) No works will proceed until the LGB Ministry of Culture issues in writing that it is safe to proceed; (iv) The findings should be reported to ADB as unanticipated impact together with the actions by PIU and contractors.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 196
Impact / performance Implementation Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures indicators responsibilities COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for emergency Number of infections Contractor, under the authority response plan (including detailed section with measures and detected among the of the Social Safeguard algorithm on COVID-19), health and safety management plan workers Specialist of the PMO (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be included in SSEMP. COVID measures will cover at least temperature measurement in access to working or camping site, social distancing in camping and working facilities where applicable, use of face masks, enhanced cleaning procedures, education and training, action procedures for suspected or actual COVID-19 cases, following the national regulations and circulars, etc.
317. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 197
Table 44: Environmental management plan component 9- reconstruction and modernization of hydraulic posts with the installation of control and measurement instrumentation (CMI) Impact / performance Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures Implementation responsibilities indicators Construction period Soil and water pollution The works must be performed after the agricultural season. Construction period SAWR for main and secondary during canal construction Apart from possible accidental spill of pollutants, the excavated Number of spill canal works, WUA for lower-level activities, including soils are not supposed to be contaminated. They can therefore be emergencies recorded / canals dumping of excavated reused to improve the levelling of agricultural plots. Accidental number of spill sediments spills of pollutants have to be contained and cleaned. emergencies contained and cleaned (based on Environment Incident Forms) Solid wastes from Spoils generated by excavations will be disposed of in the Number of fly-tipping / Contractor, under the authority of construction activities are Shaidan downstream floodplain. The disposal site has to be daily logs of all spoil the Construction Supervisor of dismantled concrete devoid of vegetation (bare gravel strands), but must not be removed from site, with the PIO. (23 m³) and metals (71 exposed to frequent floods. The deposits will be spread out so as precise GPS location tones) per each existing not forming a mound. The site used to provide the backfilling hydraulic post. Disposal of material could also be used for the disposal of the spoils. In that these materials on land case, the spoils will be temporary stockpiled, and the area used may cause destruction of for the temporary deposit will then be restored. plants, loss of vegetation, The process of classifying waste types, stockpiling of waste at unsightly view and other site, transportation and disposal of waste shall be subject to the nuisances to the local approval/review of the State Inspection on Ecological and community. Technical Safety. Fly-tipping shall not be permitted. The concrete debris will be sent to an existing controlled disposal facility that can take this type of waste. The waste management plan as part of the SEMP will contain specific details on the facility and management. Deposition shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Local Authorities. To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly-tipping, daily logs of all spoil removed from site by lorry shall be maintained and kept available both on site and at the authorized tips deposition for inspection by the relevant authorities. Occupational hazards Implement the necessary procedures to secure the work site to Number and frequency Contractor, under the authority of (hygiene and safety risks) prevent any accidents through construction of temporary fencing of accidents recorded the Construction Supervisor of around the site in an appropriate height and type. Bear the the PIO. responsibility to guard and secure the work site during night and TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 198
Impact / performance Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures Implementation responsibilities indicators daytime (24 hours / day), provide the necessary lighting thereto, and fire protection and fire-fighting equipment. In general, take all necessary procedures and precautions to prevent injuries or death cases for the workmen or any other person. Safety to workers and the public shall be enhanced by: (i) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others; (ii) Provision to workers of protective clothing including hard hats, and protective footwear; (iii) Ensuring plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained; (iv) Arranging for the provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place; (v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this; (vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites. Damage to trees or other Damaged or removed trees will have to be compensated with new Number of trees SAWR for main and secondary vegetation along the canals plantations. removed / planted. canal works, WUA for lower-level canals Loss of arable soils and The water user groups and associations may need to implement Loss of arable soil (m²) WUG and WUA land tenure problems small agricultural land consolidation. and % of the affected cultivated plots Interference with access Construction of pedestrian or vehicle accesses over the canal. Number of pedestrian or SAWR for main and secondary and movement vehicle accesses cut canal works, WUA for lower-level /built canals disturbance of agricultural Works to be conducted after the agricultural season. Construction period SAWR for main and secondary activities during the canal works, WUA for lower-level construction works canals Detection of historical and In case of discovering evidence of possible scientific, pre- Historic and/or cultural cultural finds (HCF) historical, historical or archaeological materials the contractor will asses protected implement a chance find procedure including the activities of (i) Contractor will stop works and notify PIU; (ii) PIU will contact and Contractor, Consultant and LGB inform the Ministry of Culture about the potential find; (iii) No works will proceed until the Ministry of Culture issues in writing that it is safe to proceed;
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 199
Impact / performance Potential issues / Impacts Mitigation / management measures Implementation responsibilities indicators (iv) The findings should be reported to ADB as unanticipated impact together with the actions by PIU and contractors. COVID-19 Clause on occupational health and safety measures for Number of infections Contractor, under the authority of emergency response plan (including detailed section with detected among the the Social Safeguard Specialist of measures and algorithm on COVID-19), health and safety workers the PMO management plan (including a detailed section on COVID-19) to be included in SSEMP. COVID measures will cover at least temperature measurement in access to working or camping site, social distancing in camping and working facilities where applicable, use of face masks, enhanced cleaning procedures, education and training, action procedures for suspected or actual COVID-19 cases, following the national regulations and circulars, etc.
319. All the mitigation measures related to the construction works will have to be included as specific environmental clauses (Particular Conditions) within the Contractual Documents of the construction company/companies. The bidders will have to incorporate all the resulting costs in their financial offer.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 200
IX.3. Environmental Monitoring Plan
320. Environmental monitoring must provide information about key environmental aspects of the subprojects, particularly the project environmental impacts and the effectiveness of taken mitigation measures. Such information enables an evaluation of the success of mitigation as part of project supervision, and allows corrective action(s) to be implemented, when needed. In this regard the EMMP identifies monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, and their link to impacts and mitigation measures. 321. The tables below show for each subproject component the monitoring prescriptions regarding the anticipated impacts and mitigation measures performances. What the impact/performance indicators in the environmental management plans were, here become the monitoring parameters of the environmental monitoring plan.
IX.4. Site-Specific Environmental Management Plans (SEMP)
322. SEMPs will be developed during the detailed design phase and will be implemented prior to the start of the construction works. They will contain procedures and plans to ensure that the mitigation measures and monitoring requirements are implemented during the construction period. 323. The list of SEMPs to be required by the contractor is as follows: ▪ Waste Management Plan and Procedure (waste categories, handling and intermediate storage and transport, waste reuse and recycling, disposal); ▪ Surface Water Management Plan and Spill Emergency Procedure (spill categories, small spill intervention, large spill emergencies, spill kit materials, procedures for containment and clean-up, personnel training); ▪ Emergency Response Plan which establishes Emergency Response Procedures for the project. ▪ Soil Management Plan and Spill Emergency Procedure (spill categories, small spill intervention, large spill emergencies, spill kit materials, procedures for containment and clean-up, personnel training); ▪ Noise and Vibration Management Plan (by category of vehicle/machinery/plant, procedures for limitation, personnel training); ▪ Atmospheric Emissions and Dust Management Plan (by category of vehicle/machinery/plant, procedures for limitation, personnel training); ▪ Visual and Cleanliness Management Plan (organization of the construction site, material and waste management procedures, personnel training) ▪ Health and Safety Management Plan (incident/accident categories, emergency kit material, procedures for risk reduction, personnel training, a detailed section on COVID-19). 324. The SEMPs will include the following monitoring requirements.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 201
Table 45: Common monitoring requirements for all components of the subproject (construction period) Potential impacts Monitoring parameters/methods Location Frequency Responsibility Reporting Damage to public or Record of grievances from public or Construction As needed SAWR Unit Head of the To the Project private properties private owners. site Project Implementation Director of the Project and public facilities Office (PIO) Management Office (PMO) in Bishkek Water pollution Water quality: BOD, SS, pH, NH3-N, Construction Before starting Environmental safeguard Report on the total P, heavy metals… site the works specialist of the Project background water Management Office (PMO) in quality before starting Visual inspection Once per week Bishkek. the works
Record of spill emergencies Daily Construction Supervisor of Filling up Environment the PIO. Incident Forms Water pollution upon Chemical Oxygen Demand, Construction Upon Contractor /Consultant Reporting to PMO contamination Suspended Matter, Dissolved Oxygen, site and contamination Fecal Coli, Turbidity, Conductivity, pH, downstream Temperature; additional parameters locations will be determined Air Pollution Visual inspection Construction Once per week Environmental safeguard Record of grievances from site and specialist of the PMO. Filling up Environment neighborhood or farmers nearby Daily Construction Supervisor of Incident Forms houses/fields the PIO. Noise and vibration Site inspection Construction Once per week Environmental safeguard Record of grievances from site and specialist of the PMO. Filling up Environment neighborhood nearby Daily Construction Supervisor of Incident Forms houses the PIO. Noise dBA level in sensitive areas according Construction Prior to the Environmental safeguard Noise measurement to the EMP site and commencement specialist of the PMO / results to PIU nearby to and during Construction Supervisor of houses construction on the PIO/ Construction monthly basis Contractor Vibration Vibration level Construction Monthly Contractor Vibration site and measurement results nearby to PIU houses
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 202
Potential impacts Monitoring parameters/methods Location Frequency Responsibility Reporting Wastes from Visual Inspection of all disposal sites Waste Once per week Environmental safeguard construction activities Record of fly-tipping sites disposal sites specialist of the PMO. Filling up Environment Daily logs of all spoil removed from Daily Incident Forms site, with precise GPS location of Construction Supervisor of disposal sites the PIO. Supply of backfilling Visual inspection of all borrow pits and Borrow pits Once per week Environmental safeguard and construction quarries and quarries specialist of the PMO. Filling up Environment material Daily logs of all backfilling material Daily Construction Supervisor of Incident Forms carried to site, with precise GPS the PIO. location Visual intrusion Visual inspection Construction Once per week Environmental safeguard site specialist of the PMO. Filling up Environment Daily Construction Supervisor of Incident Forms the PIO. Access and safety Visual inspection Construction Once per week Health and safety specialist issues related to Record of grievances and emergency site and of the PMO. Filling up Health & truck traffic and events transport Daily Construction Supervisor of Safety Incident Forms construction routes the PIO. machinery. Occupational Visual inspection All sites Once per week Health and safety specialist hazards Checking training level of the workers of the PMO. Filling up Health & Record of accidents Daily Construction Supervisor of Safety Incident Forms the PIO. Communicable Checking awareness level of the Construction Once per week Health and safety specialist Filling up Health & diseases workers site or camp of the PMO. Safety Incident Forms Record of infections detected among the workers Employment Record of local employees on the Construction Once per week Environmental safeguard Environmental opportunities for local construction works and gender share site specialist of the PMO. monthly reports communities
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 203
Table 46: Specific monitoring requirements for component 1- Mudflow Crossing Structure no°1 (construction period) Potential impacts Monitoring parameters/methods Location Frequency Responsibility Reporting Construction period Water pollution Ensure that works are carried out when Construction Before SAWR Unit Head of the PIO. Give clearance for the the Pravaya-Vetka canal is empty (after site starting the commencement of the the agricultural season). construction construction works works Loss of nesting sites Ensure that works are performed out of Construction Before SAWR Unit Head of the PIO. Give clearance for the in the mud walls of the nesting season site and starting the Environmental safeguard commencement of the the gully. Number of nest boxes installed and surroundings construction specialist of the PMO construction works nesting birds works Environmental monthly reports Once per month The ditch may impair Compliance with the mitigation measure Construction Once per Environmental safeguard Environmental monthly fauna movements Inventory of the animals trapped in the site month specialist of the PMO reports ditch Disturbance of Carry out the construction activities after Construction Before SAWR Unit Head of the PIO. Give clearance for the agricultural activities the agricultural season. site starting the commencement of the construction construction works works Loss of land for two Compliance with the mitigation measures Farms Before Project Implementation Unit LARP implementation farmers and LARP starting the report construction works Severance effect of Compliance with the mitigation measures Construction At the Environmental safeguard Environmental monthly the ditch site beginning specialist of the PMO reports of the construction works Operational period Fall hazard into the Compliance with the mitigation measures Construction As the Environmental safeguard Environmental monthly ditch site project specialist of the PMO reports moves forward
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 204
Table 47: Specific monitoring requirements for component 5- Mudflow Crossing Structure no°2 (construction period) Potential impacts Monitoring parameters/methods Location Frequency Responsibility Reporting River diversion into Compliance with the mitigation measures Construction Once per Environmental safeguard the canal during the site week specialist of the Project Filling up Environment construction works Management Office (PMO) in Incident Forms Daily Bishkek. Construction Supervisor of the PIO. Water pollution by the Ensure that works are carried out when Construction Before SAWR Unit Head of the PIO. Give clearance for the construction works the Masy canal is empty (after the site starting the commencement of the agricultural season). construction construction works works Disturbance to the Record of grievances Restaurant Once per Environmental safeguard restaurant’s activity. property week specialist of the PMO. Filling up Environment Construction Supervisor of the Incident Forms Daily PIO. Possible pollution of Oil, grease, BOD, fecal contaminants Downstream Once per Environmental safeguard Filling up Environment the canal by the the week (at specialist of the PMO. Incident Forms restaurant’s activities restaurant’s the peak premises hour for the restaurant’s activity)
Table 48: Specific monitoring requirements for component 6- Mudflow Crossing Structure no°3 (construction period) Potential impacts Monitoring parameters/methods Location Frequency Responsibility Reporting River diversion into Ensure that works are carried out at the Construction Before SAWR Unit Head of the PIO. Give clearance for the the canal during the same time as Mudflow Crossing Structure site starting the Environmental safeguard commencement of the construction works n°2 construction specialist of the Project construction works Compliance with the mitigation measures works Management Office (PMO) in Filling up Environment Bishkek. Incident Forms Once per Construction Supervisor of the week PIO. Daily
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 205
Potential impacts Monitoring parameters/methods Location Frequency Responsibility Reporting Water pollution Ensure that works are carried out when Construction Before SAWR Unit Head of the PIO. Give clearance for the the Pravaya-Vetka canal is empty (after site starting the commencement of the the agricultural season) construction construction works works
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 206
325. The SEMPs implementation will require the following implementation arrangements: the Contractor’s Site Manager is responsible for the implementation of the SEMP at the construction site, based on legal requirements and IEE. To achieve this task, he mainly relies on the company’s Environmental Officer. The Contractor’s Site Manager must: ▪ Request the necessary Licenses and Authorizations that correspond to the environmental matter that will be affected by the Project. ▪ Carry out the control of the corresponding Licenses and Authorizations. ▪ Contract the necessary services to withdraw the waste generated by the Project (handling, haulage, dump, etc.) ▪ Control of the waste quality. ▪ Comply with the legal and environmental requirements that apply to the project. ▪ Assess everyday compliance with the requirements. ▪ Sign the Operation Control Sheets, in case of anomaly. ▪ Identify and Register any Non-Conformity that could happen regarding the environmental plan and implement the appropriate action when an incident occurs. ▪ Verify the implementation and efficiency of the implemented action. ▪ Act in case of emergency. ▪ Identify and register the external communications. 326. Under the responsibility of the Project Director of the PMO, monitoring of construction-phase impacts and mitigation will be integrated into the work plans of the PIO construction supervisors. Schedules of monitoring activities, procedures, and checklists to be used by these supervisors will be prepared in collaboration with them. On-the-job training and backstopping of PIO construction supervisors will be provided as required by the PMO environment safeguard and health & safety specialists. 327. The PMO specialists and PIO Construction Supervisor will be responsible for monitoring environmental impacts and proper implementation of the various preventive actions and mitigation measures required by the SEMPs. This will entail regular site visits to verify that environmental impacts are under control and appropriate preventive actions and/or mitigation measures have been implemented. 328. The State Inspection on Ecological and Technical Safety (SIETS), based on random inspections, will perform control activities. In order to raise awareness of the Department of Water Resources and Melioration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Industry, and Melioration (DWR) (after establishment of State Agency of Water Resources- (SAWR) on environmental issues, its local representatives (Nooken District) should be trained to support the SEMP. As representatives of the affected people and member of the Grievance Redress Group, the Water Users Associations of the Pravaya-Vetka irrigation system will also play an important role in the EMMP implementation monitoring (grievance record). 329. Given the short duration of the construction period (18 months) the status of compliance with agreed environmental mitigation measures is to be reported by the PMO and PIO in monthly reports on project implementation. All the non-conformities (incidents) and the necessary actions to reduce the negative impacts and eliminate the non-conformity causes will be included in the report. The results of project monitoring and supervision will be recorded and maintained by the PMO throughout the life of the project. The PMO will report the results of its monitoring program in the periodic progress reports it submits to the MOA and ADB; Bank supervision missions will review the results of the monitoring program on a regular basis.
IX.5. EMMP Cost
330. The contractor has to take fully account of the EMP specifications and shall bear all the costs for its implementation in the framework of its Environmental Management System (EMS). As such, he shall make a provision in its financial proposal for all costs incurred by the necessary measures to avoid, reduce or compensate all environmental impacts related to the subproject construction works. 331. The monitoring costs are included in the PMO and PIO staff costs. For information, the cost of the Environmental Specialist within the PMO amounts $ 22,500 for the whole Project duration. 332. The EMMP costs referred to in the present section are those likely to increase the initial cost as estimated in the feasibility study report. They mainly concern Mudflow Crossing Structure n°1, as the other subproject components deal with the replacement/rehabilitation of existing infrastructure and therefore do not create new impacts compared to the present situation, apart from the construction period.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 207
Table 49: Cost of the mitigation measures Project Mitigation measure Quantity Unit Cost Component cost ($) estimate ($) 1 Nest boxes 12 5 60 1 Security fences along both upstream and 560 m 5 2,800 downstream ditches 1 Slope of the walls of the ditch connecting the 10% extra cost 6,000 mudflow crossing structure to the river floodplain not exceeding 1/1 1 Financial compensations to the two farmers: Lump sum 753 based on the harvest value for one year for the (see LARP) loss of corn and rice fields, based on market value for the two trees, and based on the full replacement cost for the fence. 1 Bridge over the ditch downstream the crossing Lump sum 48,860 structure 5 and 6 Temporary pipe culvert to keep an instream flow 2 3,500 7,000 during the works 2, 3, 4 and 5 Provision for tree plantation in the location 305 3 915 defined by the local environmental authorities 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Noise (before the construction start and during 100 2 200 9 the construction monthly) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Vibration (measured by local government 100 6 600 and 9 authority) 1, 2, 3, 5 Water quality monitoring (should be paid by the - - Not required and 6 polluter) TOTAL 67,188
333. The cost of the mitigation measures amounts to 3.5% of the initial total cost of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject.
IX.6. Reporting requirements of the Contractor
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer each month a report on his progress in the performance of the Contract. The progress report shall follow a standard format to be approved by the Engineer and shall include, but not be limited to, the following: ● Daily labor records and monthly totals; ● Daily plant records and monthly totals; ● Physical progress compared with planned progress; ● Financial progress compared with planned financial progress; ● Plant and labor resource compared with planned plant and labor resources.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 208
X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
334. Lands allocated for the Pravaya Vetka irrigation system refers to lands of long-time or permanent allotment for agricultural purposes. Where vegetation and topsoil are being transformed, numerous facilities are being built; the lithogenic basis (compaction, soil withdrawal), terrain, hydrological regime undergo radical changes. These lands are territories for an undefined period of time taken out of the habitat/living environment. In this context, the fauna and flora in the irrigation system area is poor, and is represented mainly by species of the so-called "cultural landscape". The habitats of notable species of mammals and birds are located at a safe distance from settlements and agricultural lands. 335. In general, the construction/reconstruction and operation of the Pravaya-Vetka subproject components will not lead to changes in the species communities and will not affect the general state of the populations. Therefore, there is no threat to biodiversity as a whole. The level/degree of impact is rather low, the area is characterized by high human-induced pressures and density of population, and intensive agriculture. 336. Although the environmental survey of the canal has identified a number of potential impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the canal, the use of good construction practices and simple and affordable mitigation measures will ensure that these impacts are not significant and do not affect the feasibility of the proposed project. 337. The environmental consequences of the proposed subproject components will include: ▪ Moderate loss of vegetation cover; ▪ Moderate fragmentation of habitats (mudflow crossing structure n°1); ▪ Low risk of damage to species that need protection (e.g., Turkestan catfish); ▪ Low risk of biodiversity loss; ▪ Minor impact on landscape; ▪ Low level nuisances to the neighborhood during the construction period (dust, atmospheric pollution, noise, traffic disturbances, etc.); ▪ Low greenhouse gas emissions; ▪ Low risk of exposure to health and safety risks. 338. Positive environmental and social impacts will include: ▪ Increase the safety level of irrigation water supply; ▪ Increase employment of local people; ▪ Potential reduction in the cost of agricultural products, leading to an improved quality of life; ▪ Potential reduction in the cost of irrigation, leading to increased competitiveness of farmers and entrepreneurs in the agricultural industry. 339. The application of proven, internationally accepted environmentally sound design solutions, good management and construction practices during the project implementation are sufficient measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate and compensate almost all potentially significant adverse effects of the impact on the environment. 340. There are however two notable potential impacts requiring special attention: ▪ Two components of the subproject (mudflow crossing replacements) will impact a small watercourse, the Shaidan river. This river has no specific protection status, but it hosts a fish listed in the Kyrgyz Red Book of rare or endangered species, the Turkestan catfish. Even if this species is not endemic to the Shaidan river, everything must be done to make sure that this species and its habitat will be as less disturbed as possible during and after the construction works. Hence, during the works, pollution risks must be minimized and the river continuity has to be maintained through an instream flow. ▪ One component of the subproject (construction of a mudflow structure over the Pravaya-Vetka canal) will impact two farms. Though the loss of land is minimal (0.15 ha), adequate compensation has to be agreed upon with the two farmers and a bridge has to be built to avoid any severance effect.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 209
XI. MAIN BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
1) The Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Environmental Protection, of June 16, 1999, No. 53 (as amended by the Laws of the KR of February 4, 2002 No. 22, June 11, 2003 No. 101, 11 August 2004 No. 113, August 6, 2005 No. 124). 2) Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On the Protection of Atmospheric Air of June 12, 1999 No. 51. 3) Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Environmental Expertise of June 16, 1999 No. 54. 4) Health protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other facilities approved by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on April 11, 2016 No. 201. 5) Zoology of vertebrates. S.P. Naumov. M., Publication Prosveshenije, 1973. 6) Encyclopedia. Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic, Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR, Frunze, 1982. 7) Reference dictionary on physical geography. A.I. Soloviyev, G.V. Karpov. M., Prosveshenije, 1983. 8) Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary, M, Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983. 9) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Birds. Jan Gaznak. Prague, Artiya, 1985. 10) Rare and endangered animals. I.P. Sosnovskii. M., Metallurgija, 1987. 11) The determinant of weed plants in Kyrgyzstan. Frunze. Kyrgyzstan. 1989 12) Reference dictionary and a list of normative and technical documentation on environmental protection. 1990 13) Encyclopedia. Kyrgyz land. Kyrgyz SSR Academy of Sciences. Frunze. 1990 (in Kyrgyz language) 14) A big dictionary of geographical names. Yekaterinburg. U-Factorija. 2003 15) Forest types of the Kyrgyz Republic. Bishkek. INTERCOOPERATION. 2008 16) Cadastre of the genetic fund of Kyrgyzstan. Volume 4. Institution for Biology and Soil of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic. Bishkek. 2015 17) http://www.meteo.ktnet.kg - Official website of the Hydrometeorological Service of the Kyrgyz Republic. 18) http://mes.kg/ru/ - Official website of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Kyrgyz Republic. 19) http://nooken.kg/. Official website of Management in Nooken District © - 2015 – 2018. 20) Landscape geo-ecological rationale for optimizing water use in irrigated land in the Fergana Valley. Nikanorova A.D. Moscow State University. Moscow 2015 21) Analysis of the distribution of water resources in conditions of irrigated agriculture in the Fergana Valley. Nikanorova A.D. Moscow State University. Moscow 2015 22) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Birds. Jan Gaznak. Prague, Artiya, 1985. 23) A big dictionary of geographical names. Yekaterinburg. U-Factorija. 2003 24) Fedjanina T.F. Experience of semi-voluntary pheasant breeding in Kyrgyzstan and prospects for their re-acclimatization // Acclimatization of animals in the USSR. Alma-Ata, 1963. pp. 198- 200. 25) Shnitnikov V.N. Birds of the Semirechye. M. - L., 1949. 26) Gabuzov O.S. (ed.) Artificial breeding of pheasants (methodical recommendations). Central Scientific Research Laboratory of Hunting Industry Management and Reserves of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 1987. 142 p. 27) Maskudov A. Soils of Central Fergana. Ed. Fan, Tashkent, 1979, 119 p. 28) http://www.stat.kg - Official website of the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. 29) National report on the state of the environment of the Kyrgyz Republic. Approved by the Decree of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic of December 19, 2016 No. 549-р. 30) Resolution of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on the approval of lists of rare and endangered species of animals and plants for entry into the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic (As amended by Resolution of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 471 of July 25, 2009). 31) Turdakov F.A. Fishes of Kyrgyzstan. 1963. 32) IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Report, Generated under license 1399-12565 from the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool on 24 November 2020 (GMT). www.ibat-alliance.org 33) IBAT Freshwater Report, Generated under license 1399-12564 from the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool on 24 November 2020 (GMT). www.ibat-alliance.org
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 210
Appendices
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 211
Appendix 1 – Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist of the Pravaya-Vetka Subproject
Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist IRRIGATION
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? • Protected Area X • Wetland X • Mangrove X • Estuarine X • Buffer zone of protected area X • Special area for protecting biodiversity X B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause… • loss of precious ecological values (e.g., result of encroachment into X forests/swamplands or historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)? • conflicts in water supply rights and related social conflicts? X See Social Development Report • impediments to movements of people and animals? X • potential ecological problems due to increased soil erosion and X siltation, leading to decreased stream capacity? • Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion? X • over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinization and ground X subsidence? • impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, impairment of X downstream beneficial uses of water? • dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? X • potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and land use X See Social issues? Development Report • soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals? X • noise from construction equipment? X • dust? X • labor-related social problems especially if workers from different X areas are hired? • waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate drainage and X farm management? • leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to X excessive application of irrigation water? • reduction of downstream water supply during peak seasons? X • soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health X risks due to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides? • soil erosion (furrow, surface)? X • scouring of canals? X • logging of canals by sediments? X • clogging of canals by weeds? X • seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater systems? X • introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or water related X diseases?
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 212
Appendix 2 – Illustrations of the main animal and vegetal species characteristics of the Project site
Figure 64: Common fish species Cyprinoid fishes (Latin Cyprinidae) Marinka (Latin Schizothorax)
Cyprinoid fishes (Latin Cyprinidae) Sazan or common carp (Latin Cyprinus carpio)
Catfish family (Siluridae) Common catfish (Latin Silurus glanis)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 213
Figure 65: Common plant species along the Pravaya-Vetka canal
Family: Poaceae Family: Cyperaceae Reed (Latin Phragmites) Sedge (Latin Carex)
Sunflower family (Latin Asteraceae), or Sunflower family (Latin Asteraceae), or Composite family (Latin Compositae) Composite family (Latin Compositae) Absinth sage (Artemisia absinthium L.) Ginger plant (Latin Tanacetum vulgare)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 214
Bean (pea) family (Fabaceae) Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) Camel’s thorn (Alhagi) Honeysuckle (Latin Lonicera nummulariifolia)
Mulberry family (Moraceae) Mulberry plant, or mulberry tree (Latin Morus)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 215
Figure 66: Animals of economic importance (hunting game birds) Phasianidae, or Pavonidae = Pheasant, or peacock Alectoris chukar (J.E. Gray) – keklik – keklik– chukar partridge
Phasianidae, or Pavonidae = Pheasant, or peacock Phasianus colchicus turcestanicus Lorenz 1896 Syr Daria Pheasant
Dabbing ducks family (Anatidae) Mallard duck (Latin Anas platyrhynchos)
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 216
Appendix 3 – List of People Met During the Field Visit
List of people met by the Environment and Social Development Specialist team: 27-30 March 2018 JALAL-ABAD OBLAST /REGION Nooken and Bazar Korgon Rayon/ District
Pre-fix Name Organization and Position Contact information Water Resources Management Department Jalal-Abad Oblast, Nooken Rayon Mr. Orozbaev Jainak Khavytovich Chief Engineer of Jalal-Abad 0 770 06-06-15 Basin Mr. Kadyrbek Sheralievich Director 0773 044 995 Kudaiberdiev
Mr. Kazimjan Myrzahmedov Chief Engineer 0 771 61-52-84
Mr. Pazul Djalalov Head of the repair and 0 772 22-74-25 construction department Mr. Mahkam Mashrapov Head of the Nooken Rayon 0 770 24-71-10 Mr. Beksultan Ryskulov Engineer of the repair and 0 779 59-33-00, 0 505 construction 59-33-00 Email: [email protected] Water Users Associations Mr. Marat Kadyrbekov Director of "Aral-Say" WUA 0 553 08-80-76 Mr. Gairat Bodoshev Deputy Director Toymonku 0 773 88-66-44 WUA Mr. Almazbek Manapov Director of WUA Masy village 0 551 33-38-35 Mr. Kamil Alimov Engineer Murat-Murab WUA 0 771 14-91-71 Jalal-Abad regional department Sel-vodo zashita of the MoES Mr. Nurali Abdujalilov Jalal-Abad regional 0 770 22-70-01 department of MoES Mr. Ergesh Aulkasimovich Chief Specialist of Bazar- 0 777 15-11-81 Bekbaev Korgon
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 217
A.O. Noken District, Jalal-Abad Mr. Bolot Mamadaliev Head of Aral A.O 0 555 05-90-02 Ms. Gulshair Akmatova Executive Secretary Aral 0 773 54-50-37 A. O Mr. Tursunbay Joroev Specialist in military 0 555 23-94-22 registration of Aral A. O Mr. Dadashev Zakirjan Aiyl Bashy /village leader; Seidikum A.O, Dunkur village, (near border) Mr. Rashid Muminov Deputy of the Head 0 556 86-71-40 Seidikum A.O. Mr. Kurmabnbek Mamatov Specialist on land issues 0 773 24-24-80 of Masy A.O Ms. Aida Maksutalieva Chief Specialist of the 0 778 20-80-45, Social Department of Masy A.O Ms Sanabar Amrakunova Specialist of the Social 0 772 56-73-19 Department of Masy A.O Mr. Melis Kalmurzaev Specialist in military 0 773 38-62-00 registration of Masyl A.O Farmers: Ms. Ziaydahan Ahmadjanova Ak-Altyn 3, seed n/a cooperative (Case story 1) Ms. Dilarom Kurbanohunova Farmer, ‘green house’ n/a (Case story 2) Ms. Turgunbubu Tashtemirova Farmer, widow n/a (Case story 3) Mr. Malik Abdukarimovich Leading Engineer of 0 773 56-49-11 Beshbakov Bazar-Korgon
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 218
Appendix 4 – Minutes of the Public Hearing
Project title: Climate Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction in Water Resources Minutes Village Massy 13 June 2018 Venue: village Massy. Water Management Department of Nooken rayon (district). Number of participants – 35
Opening remarks at public hearings were made by the head of the District (rayon) Water Management Department - K. Kudaiberdiev. He presented the program and introduced the representatives of the project. Then he gave the floor to the national expert Musaev K. K. Musaev, hydraulic engineer, made a presentation in which he told about the purpose of the project, gave information about works being conducted, and about future works. Then, Zhanybek Orozaly Uulu, Environmental specialist, presented the environmental impact assessment process and the main potential impacts of the project to the participants. Lastly, Azamat Omorbekov, Land Acquisition and Resettlement Specialist, made a presentation on the possible emergence of conflicts during the project implementation and what mechanisms and ways there are to resolve these conflicts.
After completing the presentations, they moved to questions and answers: 1. Arzybayev Zhanyshaly. Question: Before sand and pebbles did not flow in the canal Pravaya vetka, recently the canal is quickly filled up by sand and clay. Will the project address this issue? Musaev K.'s answer: Of course, this issue will be considered by a project, there is a dirt collector (sediment trap) at headworks. Designers will examine a dirt collector (sediment trap), if necessary, additional construction will be included, and other possibilities will be considered. Question: Village Sovetskoje is located at the head of the water (at the source of the water), but there is not enough water, since irrigating ditch/canal (which is laid from ranging point (or mark/station) - 72, passes through the village with a length of 3,5-4 km long. Therefore, in that connection, within the framework of your project will you move the bypass canal (or diverter)? Answer: When the designers come, they will be accompanied by 2 engineers from district (rayon) and many similar questions will arise and they will try to take into account everything. 2. Abdrakhmanov Choro. Question: Will the project consider the on-farm WUA network? Answer: International experts are working on this issue and you will receive an answer in the near future. 3. Eshiev Mambet: The canal outlets (the diversions of water/bypass canal/modules) were built without taking into account the land areas that are located in front of the canal and in your project, it is necessary to design new canal outlets/modules that will provide these lands with water, because all residents living along the entire canal should be equally provided with water. Secondly, when planning rehabilitation works, it is necessary to take into account the time when farmers use irrigation water and civil works should not create problems with water access. 4. Kudaiberdiev Kadyrbek: The water system has its own standards for the location of the canal outlets and it is necessary to follow these rules and regulations. Laying canal outlets to each house is prohibited. It is necessary to make canal outlets as in the past. If there is a need for additional canal outlets, then this will be considered. 5. Sultanov Makhamatali: There are 2 WUAs - Taimonku and Sakaldy-Suu - in Sakaldy rural council (ayil okmotu) and they are located at the end of the canal Pravaya Vetka. Before placing/laying out these canal outlets, it would be good to include their representatives in the commission to participate in the studies. 6. Eshiev Mambet: question to Koshmatov B.: When water reduces in the canal Pravaya Vetka, water is distributed in % and is it possible to reconsider the percentages of those WUAs that have been rehabilitated? Answer: Cannot be reconsidered, because the goal of rehabilitation is to reduce losses, and improve the water supply and increase yields. 7. Myrzakhmedov Kazim: In times of collective farms and state farms (sovkhoz in Russian language), this water was enough for everyone, now the whole land is divided into proportions (as land allotments) and water delivery is very inconvenient, therefore we need to organize farmers’ cooperative farms. Based on this, we would shift to a crop rotation and the distribution of water would be improved, the yield would increase.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 219
At the end of the meeting, the chief engineer of Water Management Department of the Nooken rayon (district) assured that they will try to work closely with the population, conduct awareness-building activities (advocacy works) and prevent conflicts. We think that there will be no obstacles for the project implementation. Koshmatov B.T. summed up the results of public hearings and once again explained the purpose of the project, expressed great gratitude for the active participation of all those present.
The Chairman of the Hearing: K.Kudaiberdiev Secretary: Sh.Bakirov
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 220
Appendix 5 – List of the Participants of the Public Hearing
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Preliminary public hearings Project on: Climate Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction in Water Resources Management Date: June 13th, 2018 Venue:______СПИСОК УЧАСТНИКОВ предварительных общественных слушаний проекта «Устойчивость к изменению климата и снижение риска стихийных бедствий в управлении водными ресурсами» Дата: 13 июня 2018 г. Место проведения: ……
№ участники participants 1. Г -н Мамытов Омурзак Mr. Mamytov Omurzak Начальник ремонтно-строительного Head of Maintenance and Construction отдела области Жалал-Абадского Unit of Jalal-Abad Basin Water бассейнового управления водного Management Department хозяйства 2. Г -н Мырзахмедов Казимжан Главный Mr. Myrzakhmedov Kazimjan инженер Ноокенского районного Chief Engineer of Nooken District(rayon) управления водного хозяйства Water Management Department (DWMD) 3. Г -н Мадмаров Турдумамат Mr. Madmarov Turdumamat Главный инженер Базар-Коргонского Chief Engineer of Bazar-Korgon District районного управления водного хозяйства Water Management Department 4. Г -н Шарабидин Бакиров Mr. Sharabidin Bakirov Главный специалист отдела поддержки Chief Specialist of WUA support Division, АВП, Ноокенского РУВХ Nooken DWMD
Ноокенский район, Арал а/о Nooken District, Aral a/o
5. Г -н Болот Мамадалиев Mr. Bolot Mamadaliyev Глава айыл окмоту Head of ayil okmotu 6. Г -н Абдрашит Ахмеджанов Mr. Abdrashid Akhmedzhanov Землеустроитель/специалист по ЧС Land surveyor/ Specialist on emergencies 7. Г -жа Жамиля Машрапова Ms. Zhamilia Mashrapova Соцработник Social/Community worker 8. Г8- н Марат Кадырбеков Mr. Marat Kadyrbekov АВП Арал-Сай WUA Aral-Sai 9. Г -н Кубаныч Сыдыков Mr. Kubanych Sydykov Фермер (м/ж) Farmer (male/female) Ноокенский район, Массы а/о Nooken District, Masy a/o 10. Г -н Жаныбек Эшенкулов Mr. Zhanybek Eshenkulov Глава айыл окмоту Head of ayil okmotu 11. Г -н Курманбек Маматов Mr. Kurmanbek Mamatov Землеустроитель/специалист по ЧС Land surveyor/ Specialist on emergencies 12. Г -жа Аида Максуталиева Ms. Aida Maksutaliyeva Соцработник Social/Community worker 13. Г -н Алмаз Маматов Mr. Almaz Mamatov АВП «Мурат» WUA Murat 14. Г -н Мусрап Абжапаров Mr. Musrap Abzhaparov Фермер (м/ж) Farmer (male/female) Ноокенский район, Ноокен а/о Nooken District, Nooken a/o 15. Г -н Жакшылык Эгембердиев Mr. Zhakshylyk Egemberdiyev Глава айыл окмоту Head of ayil okmotu 16. Г -н Сариев Кулназар Mr. Sariyev Kulnazar Землеустроитель/специалист по ЧС Land surveyor/ Specialist on emergencies 17. Г -жа Токтомуратова Канымгул Ms. Toktomuratova Kanymgul Соцработник Social/Community worker 18. Г -н Азим Абдиллаев Mr. Azim Abdillayev
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 221
АВП «Ноокен» WUA Nooken 19. Г -н Кожомуратов Кадырбек Mr. Kozhomuratov Kadyrbek Фермер (м/ж) Farmer (male/female) Ноокенский район, Сакалды а/о Nooken District, Sakaldy a/o 20. Г -н Махаматали Султанов Mr. Makhamatali Sultanov Глава айыл окмоту Head of ayil okmotu 21. Г -н Хамыт Адилет уулу Mr. Khamyt Adilet uulu Землеустроитель/специалист по ЧС Land surveyor/ Specialist on emergencies 22. Г -н Элбек Умаров Mr. Elbek Umarov Соцработник Social/Community worker 23. Г -н Урмат Эргешов Mr. Urmat Ergeshov АВП «Сакалды-Суу» WUA Sakaldy-Suu 24. Г -н Аким Исаков Mr. Akim Isakov АВП «Таймонку» WUA Taimonku 25. Фермер (м/ж) Farmer (male/female) Ноокенский район, Шайдан а/о Nooken District, Shaidan a/o 26. Г -н Шергазы Аликулов Mr. Shergazy Alikulov Глава айыл окмоту Head of ayil okmotu 27. Г -н Эркин Токаев Mr. Erkin Tokyev Землеустроитель/специалист по ЧС Land surveyor/ Specialist on emergencies 28. Г -н Нурсейит Ырысбеков Mr. Nurseyit Yrysbekov Соцработник Social/Community worker 29. Г -н Чоно Абдрахманов Mr. Chono Abdrakhmanov АВП «Айкол-Суу» WUA Aikol-Suu 30. Г -н Токтобек Абласанов Mr. Toktobek Ablasanov АВП «Шайдан-Кара-Ункур» WUA Shaidan-Kara-Unkur 31. Г -н Тажибаев Турсунбай Mr. Tazhibayev Tursunbai Фермер (м/ж) Farmer (male/female) Базар-Коргонский район, Bazar-Korgon District, Kenesh a/o Кенеш а/о 32. Г -н Рахман Омурзаков Mr. Rakhman Omurzakov Глава айыл окмоту Head of ayil okmotu 33. Г -н Баатыр Молдокулов Mr. Baatyr Moldokulov Землеустроитель/специалист по ЧС Land surveyor/ Specialist on emergencies 34. Г -н Жанышалы Арзыбаев Mr. Zhanyshaly Arzybayev Соцработник Social/Community worker 35. Г -н Тойчу Эргешов Mr. Toichu Ergeshov АВП «Кенеш-Суу» WUA Kenesh-Suu 36. Г -н Мехманбай Турдиев Mr. Mekhmanbai Turdiyev Фермер (м/ж) Farmer (male/female) 37. Г -н Жаныбек Орозалы Уулу, Mr. Zhanybek Orozaly Uulu специалист по охране окружающей среды Environmental Specialist
38. Г -н Азамат Оморбеков, Mr. Azamat Omorbekov специалист по переселению Resettlement and Indigenous People Specialist 39. Г -жа Зуура Мендикулова специалист по Ms. Zura Mendikulova социальным вопросам Social Development Specialist 40. Г -н Кудретали Мусаев, Mr. Kudretali Musaev гидротехник Hydrotechnics/ Water Engineer 41. Г -н Баратали Кошматов Mr. Baratali Koshmatov гидротехник Hydrotechnics/ Water Engineer
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 222
APPENDIX 6 – APPROVAL OF STATE AGENCY FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Translation STATE AGENCY FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND FORESTRY UNDER GOVERNMENT OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC JALAL-ABAD RAYON DEPARTMENT 720907 Jalal-Abad city, B. Osmonov party, 130 Tel .: fax (3722) 4-08-93, 4-05-11 E-mail: [email protected] Date : 18/09/2020 Number : 04-04/204
I confirm Chief of Jalal-Abad
1. General information. For consideration in Jalal-Abad territorial administration State Agency for Environmental Protection and Forestry of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on state environmental protection examination presented the Working project "Project to increase resilience to climate change and natural disasters in the water resources sector. Rehabilitation and modernization of the canal Right branch of the Nooken district of Jalal-Abad Rayon in the following lineup:
1) Volume 1: General explanatory note; 2) Volume 2: The main channel "Right Branch". Rehabilitation sites №1 and №2, drawing drawings; 3) Volume 3: Working drawings. Celery №1, Celery №2, Celery №3. Drawings constructions; 4) Volume 4: Evaluation of the impact on the environment.
The project documentation will be developed in 2020, the developer of the project is JSC "Geoconsult LTD ". The initiator of the project is the Directorate for Construction of Water Resources facilities of the State Agency for Water Resources for PCR. A copy is attached to the documentation: - architectural and planning conditions (APU) №58 from 04.07.2020, №59 04.07.2020; - engineering and technical conditions (ITU) №36 / 20 from 10.09.2020, №37 / 20 from 10.09.2020, №38 / 20 from 10.09.2020, №39 / 20 from 10.09.2020; - technical task; - Statement of Environmental Consequences (SEC).
2. General part. Working project “Project to increase resilience to climate change and natural disasters in the sector of water resources. Rehabilitation and modernization channel the right branch of the Nookensky area of the Jalal-Abad area "developed on the basis of the technical task issued by the Directorate – construction water management facilities.
The facility is located up to PC 160 + 00 in Bazar-Korgon district, and with PC 160 + 00 in Nooken district of Jalal-Abad region in 530 km from the city. Bishkek.
Absolute markings of the object 830-690 m above sea level. Climatic characteristics are assigned to these meteorological stations Massy and Jalal-Abad. The absolute maximum air temperature is 41 ° С - 43 ° С. Absolute minimum air temperature (-26 ° C) - (- 30 ° C). The number of sediments per year is 506- 535 mm.
The Right Branch was built in 1954. Water collection in the canal is carried out from p. Karaungursay with the help of the head water intake construction of a dam type. Under the canal the right branch is hung on 13100 ha arable lands, including 2210 hectares in Bazar-Korgon district and 10890 hectares Nooken district. Consumption in the head of the canal is 20 m³/s.
Basic water users in the pool r. Karaungursay is agriculture in the face of AVP, residential areas and rural. This river is a tributary of the Syr Darya.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 223
The canal has a length of 20.9 km, including: in earthen parts - 3.36 km; in monolithic concrete cover - 14.08 km; in reno mattresses - 1.44 km; stone - 0.3 km; and in G-blocks - 1.72 km.
The canal has a large number of hydraulic structures. The total number of constructions on the canal is 48 pcs. which are represented with hydro posts - 17 pcs., water releases - 21 pcs., and bridge crossings - 7 pcs., herring - Shsht . The project provides for the reconstruction of herring №2, №3 and construction of a new herd №1 on PC 15 + 25.
The main constructions are water supply canals of the second order: Shaidan branch, Mass, Kochkor- Koz, Vakhum-Aral, Nooken, Taimonku Suu, Bearded, Koz-Zhaman.
Construction of herring №1 on the channel Right branch on PC 15 + 25: repair existing floodplain under the road, construction of a rural canal passing capacity 6.31 m / s of butobeton, trapezoidal sections with parameters m = 1.5 in = 3.0 Nstr = 1.2 thickness of 30cm cladding; construction of herring through the canal. The right branch of the monolith reinforced concrete rectangular cross section in = 3.0 Net = 1.2 m . = 23 m. On the canal in crossing points provide water passage from w / concrete pipes rectangular section 2x2 elongation 11 m.
Reconstruction of herring №2 on the canal of the second order Masy PC 12 + 56: the undertaking of the hermit crab in the upper buffalo herring, the herring bite №2, parameters in = 15 m = 0 Nstr = 1.5 m, the lower bifurcation of the herring is provided in in the rectangular section in = 15 m = 0 Nstr = 1.5 m with the construction of three perepads.
Reconstruction of herring №3 on the channel Right branch PC 165 + 78: rusla rivers Shaidan-Sai to the average slope 1 = 0.015; construction arranged shaft in the upper buffer elongation 400 m designed at a cost of 5% of security 53.3 m³ / s, cooking 1%, security 80 m / s, parameters in = 14.5 m, m = 1.5 Nstr = 1.5 m, width of the dam top 4 m, cladding of the right bank of the regulated river with a stretch of 400 m torn stone in two layers, diameter stone 0.45 m, facing approach to construction of a torn stone with a length of 100 m; herring construction rectangular section, parameters in = 14.5 m, m = 0 ‚, Net = 1.5; construction arranged shaft in the lower beam with a length of 800 m projected at a cost of 5% of security 53.3 m? / s, turn 1% security 80 m / s, parameters in = 14.5 m, m = 1.5 Net = 1.5 m, width of the dam top 4 m; fastening of the branch channel with a torn stone, the length of 50 m.
Rehabilitation of the canal section with PC 124 + 50 on PC 138 + 50: provided to cover this section with monolithic concrete on top of Reno mattresses. Thickness cladding 20 cm.
Rehabilitation of the canal section with PC 158 + 50 on PC 191 + 10: repair work to restore the destroyed layer of concrete cladding thickness 15 cm from monolithic concrete, PC 158 + 35-PC 159-69, PC 165- + 82-PC 191 + 10; construction works on shaping and cladding in monolithic reinforced concrete thickness 20 cm PC 159 + 69-PC 165 + 68, hydraulic rehabilitation constructions.
The volume of land works - 45.9 thousand. mz, volume of concrete and w / concrete works - 9.3 thousand. Total construction duration - 22 months.
Water supply to the projected object is intended for production, household and fire purposes. Water supply is provided by direct flow systems and tank trucks.
The project considers the activities for the protection of the environment and calculations of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, water consumption.
3. Outputs.
Expert commission of Jalal-Abad territorial administration GAOOSLH in PKR will bear a positive conclusion of the state ecological expertise for the Worker of the project “Sustainability Project for climate change and natural disasters in the water resources sector. Rehabilitation and modernization of the canal Right branch of the Nooken district of Jalal-Abad Rayon.
At the same time, the Directorate for Construction of Water Management Facilities The State Agency for Water Resources for PCR needs:
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 224
- to ensure the timely presentation of the project during the implementation period reports in the established form on questions of environmental protection and payments normative payments for environmental pollution in Jalal-Abad Territorial management of GAOOSLH at PCR (according to “Methodology determination of fees for pollution of the environment in the Kyrgyz Republic " confirmed by the decision of PCR from 19.09.2011 №559).
- conduct environmental monitoring;
- Before the start of work to notify the Regional Administration SECг. Mailuu-Suu, Nooken and Bazar- Korgon districts;
- accumulation and distribution of waste in accordance with the requirements of the natural legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic;
- self-contained tree trunks, wood trimming is prohibited is carried out in agreement with the territorial bodies of protection surrounding environment;
- to comply with the requirements “Regulations on water protection zones and strips water objects in the Kyrgyz Republic” approved resolution Government of the Kyrgyz Republic №271 dated 07.07.1995 (In the editorial office Resolutions of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic from 25.09.2017 №606);
- comply with the requirements of the nature protection legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic.
In case of non-fulfillment of the conclusions of the state ecological expertise and the work is not done by the project decision, the conclusion is automatically lost force.
Chairman of the expert commission \ Tomaev S. R. Members of the expert commission "S. Duvanakulov M. А. Абанова Ж. А.
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 225
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 226
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 227
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 228
TA 51081-001 KGZ - IEE December 2020 Page 229